Welded structure, welding equipment and welding method

Abstract

The welded structure includes a first cover plate (10), a second cover plate (20), a web plate (30), and a rib plate (40), the first cover plate (10) and the second cover plate (20) are spaced apart from each other, a plurality of web plates (30) are spaced apart from each other along a first direction and are inserted and fitted into the first cover plate (10) and the second cover plate (20), and a plurality of rib plates (40) are spaced apart from each other along a second direction and are inserted and fitted into the first cover plate (10) and the second cover plate (20), where the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the web plate (30) and the rib plate (40) are inserted and fitted into each other. The welded structure employs an insert-fit lock between the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate for the box structure, thereby forming a stable sealed box structure and increasing the rigidity of the structure. The present invention also relates to a welding device and a welding method.

Description

cross reference

[0001] This application claims priority to a Chinese patent application bearing application number 2022102878462 and entitled "Welding structure, welding apparatus and welding method," filed on March 22, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Technical Field]

[0002] This application relates to the technical field of welding, and more particularly to welded structures, welding equipment and welding methods. [Background technology]

[0003] The chassis bolster, traction beam, and bogie frame side beam at the ends of the carbody are the most important bearing components of a tracked vehicle. Tracked vehicles are exposed to severe alternating loads during operation. To ensure good bearing service, a multi-layer, multi-pass arc MAG welding process is used. Arc welding has a large heat input, which can cause serious welding distortion. After welding, tuning and correction must be performed, requiring a lot of manpower and materials, resulting in strength loss and performance degradation. The additional back pad significantly reduces the fatigue resistance of the box structure. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In order to solve the drawback of conventional box-type structures, which require tuning and correction, resulting in loss of strength and performance degradation, the present application provides a welded structure that employs an insert-fit lock between an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate for a box-type structure, thereby forming a stable, sealed box-type structure and increasing the rigidity of the structure.

[0005] In order to solve the problems of the conventional welding equipment, which requires manual tuning and correction, which results in strength loss and performance degradation, which cannot effectively suppress welding distortion, which requires a lot of work for repeated verification, which cannot accurately and dynamically adjust according to the progress trend and change of deformation of the welded structure, and which has poor anti-deformation effect, the present application further provides a welding equipment for welded structures, which is provided with multi-point flexible supports on the support surface, thereby achieving precise control of welding distortion, precise and quantitative suppression of defects, and effective improvement of structural performance, thereby improving manufacturing precision, reducing manufacturing costs, and significantly improving production efficiency.

[0006] In order to solve the problems of the conventional welding equipment, such as the inability to eliminate post-welding tuning of the welded structure, the inability to effectively suppress welding distortion, the large amount of work required for repeated verification, the inability to accurately and dynamically adjust according to the development trend and change amount of deformation of the welded structure, and the poor anti-deformation effect, the present application further provides a welding method for welding equipment, which adjusts the magnitude of the multi-point flexible biasing force on the supporting surface to achieve gap-free, rapid and accurate assembly, multi-point flexible constraint and multi-energy field cooperative and high-performance welding, thereby simultaneously achieving the engineering goals of precisely controlling welding distortion, effectively suppressing welding defects, and significantly improving the weld bead structure performance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A welded structure according to a first aspect of the present application includes a first cover plate, a second cover plate, a web plate, and a rib plate, The first cover plate and the second cover plate are provided with a gap therebetween, The plurality of web plates are provided at intervals along a first direction and are inserted and fitted into the first cover plate and the second cover plate, respectively; the plurality of rib plates are provided at intervals along a second direction and are inserted and fitted into the first cover plate and the second cover plate, respectively; wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, The web plate and the rib plate are fitted together.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present application, a first slot and a second slot are provided on a surface of the first cover plate, The first slots are spaced apart along the first direction, and the first slots are inserted and fitted into the web plates in a one-to-one correspondence; The second slots are spaced apart along the second direction, and the second slots are inserted and fitted into the rib plates in a one-to-one correspondence; Here, grooves are provided on the first slot and the second slot on the side facing the second cover plate.

[0009] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a first cover plate, and by providing a first slot and a second slot, the first cover plate is inserted and fitted with the web plate and the rib plate.

[0010] Furthermore, by providing grooves on the sides of the first slot and the second slot facing the second cover plate, the insertion locking structure can be easily assembled quickly and accurately without any gaps. At the same time, the grooves improve the backside shaping of the weld bead and the penetration of the root of the weld bead, which not only meets the assembly requirements but also improves assembly efficiency.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present application, a third slot and a fourth slot are provided on a surface of the second cover plate, the third slots are spaced apart along the first direction, and the third slots are inserted and fitted into the web plates in a one-to-one correspondence; the fourth slots are spaced apart along the second direction, and the fourth slots are inserted and fitted into the rib plates in a one-to-one correspondence; Here, grooves are provided on the sides of the third slot and the fourth slot facing the first cover plate.

[0012] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a second cover plate, and by providing a third slot and a fourth slot, the second cover plate can be inserted and fitted with the web plate and the rib plate.

[0013] Furthermore, by providing grooves on the sides of the third slot and the fourth slot facing the first cover plate, the insertion locking structure can be easily assembled quickly and accurately without any gaps. At the same time, the grooves improve the back surface shaping of the weld bead and the penetration of the root of the weld bead, which not only meets the assembly requirements but also improves assembly efficiency.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present application, the first cover plate, the second cover plate, the web plate, and the rib plate are all made of high-strength weathering steel.

[0015] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a manufacturing material for a welded structure. As the running speed of high-speed trains and urban rail trains increases, the need for lightweight trains is further increasing. Therefore, a design that uses high-strength weathering steel instead of ordinary low-alloy steel to reduce weight and make use of the engineering characteristics of high-strength weathering steel, such as high strength, good plasticity, excellent fatigue resistance, and good economy.

[0016] A welding device of a welded structure according to a second aspect of the present application includes a support portion, a welding portion, and an adjustment portion, The support portion is formed with a support surface that supports the welded structure, the welding portion is connected to the support portion to achieve welding to the welded structure; the adjustment portion is connected to the support portion and abuts against a welding surface of the welded structure; Here, in the process of welding the welded structure, the adjustment unit adjusts the magnitude of the biasing force on the welded surface of the welded structure, thereby achieving control over the flatness of the welded structure.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present application, the support unit includes a support base and a drive unit, a surface of the support base forming the support surface; The drive unit is connected to the support base so as to realize adjustment of the rotation angle of the support base.

[0018] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a support part, and by providing a support base, support for the welding structure is realized, and at the same time, the drive unit realizes inversion of the support base, thereby meeting the needs of welding from different angles.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present application, the welding part is a laser arc hybrid welding mechanism connected to the support part.

[0020] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of the welding part, and by combining the laser-arc hybrid welding mechanism with the supporting part and the adjusting part, it realizes system innovation for the entire manufacturing chain of product structure development, welding equipment research and development, and welding process control. This effectively overcomes the technical barriers of the traditional laser-arc hybrid welding closed box structure, which is difficult to assemble, has low efficiency, and is not stable. It solves the engineering difficulties of the large volume of the laser-arc hybrid welding torch and has a lot of spatial interference in the traditional assembly method. It also breaks through the technical bottlenecks of the laser-arc hybrid welding of medium and thick plates, which is difficult to remove porosity and has poor back surface forming.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present application, the adjustment unit includes a magnetic unit and a sensor unit, the plurality of magnetic units are provided on the support base so as to realize positioning of the welding structure by magnetic attraction; The plurality of sensor units are provided on the support base so as to feed back welding parameters in the welding process of the welded structure to the welding portion.

[0022] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of an adjustment unit, and by providing a magnetic unit and a sensor unit on the surface of the support base, i.e., the support surface, it is possible to realize positioning for a closed box-type welded structure made of high-strength weathering steel and obtain corresponding parameters during the welding process, thereby achieving the engineering goals of precisely controlling welding deformation, effectively suppressing welding defects, and significantly improving the weld bead structure performance.

[0023] According to the welding method based on the welding apparatus according to the third aspect of the present application, Obtaining a first welding characteristic value in a welding process of a welded structure, wherein the first welding characteristic value indicates a distortion amount parameter of the welded structure; generating a first adjustment policy for controlling an amount of distortion of a weld surface of the welded structure based on the first weld characteristic value; and performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present application, in the step of acquiring the first welding characteristic value in the welding process of the welded structure, specifically: Obtaining a first distortion characteristic value, a second distortion characteristic value, and a third distortion characteristic value during a welding process of the welded structure, wherein the first distortion characteristic value refers to a distortion area parameter of the welded structure, and the second distortion characteristic value refers to a distortion force parameter corresponding to the first distortion characteristic value; 3 the distortion characteristic value indicates a friction force parameter corresponding to the first distortion characteristic value; generating the first weld feature value based on the first distortion feature value, the second distortion feature value, and the third distortion feature value.

[0025] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of obtaining a first welding feature value in the welding process of a welded structure, and by obtaining a distortion feature value in the welding process of the welded structure, the corresponding first welding feature value is generated.

[0026] According to one embodiment of the present application, in the step of generating a first adjustment policy for controlling the distortion amount of the welding surface of the welded structure based on the first welding feature value, specifically: Obtaining a preset adjustment area of ​​a corresponding welding surface of the welded structure, and extracting and obtaining all the adjustment portions within the corresponding preset adjustment area based on the first distortion feature value; generating a first adjustment feature value based on each of the acquired adjustment units according to the second distortion feature value, where the first adjustment feature value indicates an adhesive force parameter of the corresponding adjustment unit; generating a second adjustment feature value for each of the acquired adjustment portions based on the second distortion feature value and the third distortion feature value, wherein the second adjustment feature value indicates a friction force parameter between the corresponding adjustment portion and the welding structure; generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value.

[0027] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment for generating a first adjustment policy for controlling the distortion amount of the welding surface of the welded structure, adjusting the magnitude of the adhesive force of the magnetic unit corresponding to the distortion area based on the adhesive force parameter, and further realizing reverse deformation adjustment during the welding process of the welded structure.

[0028] Furthermore, when adjusting the magnitude of the magnetic unit's attraction force, it is necessary to monitor the friction force parameters to avoid the problem of the welding structure moving during the welding process due to insufficient attraction force.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the present application, in the step of generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value, specifically: constructing a digital twin model based on the welded structure; Obtaining a first twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the first adjustment feature value; Obtaining a second twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the second adjustment feature value; determining based on the second twin accommodation feature value; When it is determined that the second twin adjustment feature value satisfies a preset adsorption condition, generating the first adjustment policy based on the first adjustment feature value; and generating the first adjustment policy based on the second adjustment feature value when it is determined that the second twin adjustment feature value does not satisfy a preset adsorption condition.

[0030] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of generating a first adjustment policy based on a preset adjustment region, and by constructing a digital twin model, realizes calculation of the reverse deformation amount of the welded structure, verifies the adhesion force parameters between the support base and the welded structure, and avoids the problem of the welded structure moving on the support base due to insufficient adhesion force of the magnetic unit.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present application, in the step of performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically: obtaining an instant welding area of ​​the welded structure and performing dynamic fitting on the instant welding area and the preset adjustment area; obtaining a first instantaneous adjustment region and a second instantaneous adjustment region based on the dynamic fitting, wherein the first instantaneous adjustment region is a region corresponding to the first distortion feature value, and the second instantaneous adjustment region is a region within a preset range around the first instantaneous adjustment region; acquiring and determining magnetic field distortion parameters within the second instantaneous adjustment region; and if determining that the magnetic field distortion parameter does not satisfy a preset distortion threshold, generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset distortion threshold.

[0032] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment for real-time reverse deformation adjustment of the welded structure, and by monitoring the magnetic field within a preset range around the distortion area of ​​the welded structure, adjusts the magnetic unit corresponding to the distortion area to avoid the problem of excessive magnetic field disturbance in the surrounding area, ensures welding quality, dynamically controls welding deformation in the hybrid welding process, and further meets the engineering needs of ensuring accurate welding position and reinforcing welding stability.

[0033] According to one embodiment of the present application, after the step of performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically: Obtaining a second welding feature value and a third welding feature value during a welding process of the welded structure, wherein the second welding feature value refers to a welding trajectory parameter of the welded structure, and the third feature value refers to a molten pool parameter of the welded structure; generating a second adjustment policy for controlling a magnetic field direction of the adjustment unit based on the second welding characteristic value and the third welding characteristic value; The method further includes performing real-time magnetic field stirring on the molten pool of the welded structure during the welding process according to the second adjusting policy.

[0034] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment in which real-time magnetic field stirring is performed on the molten pool of the welded structure. The alternating magnetic field generated by the magnetic unit is used to couple and control the laser and arc energy fields of laser-arc hybrid welding, effectively suppressing plasma and increasing the droplet flight speed and molten pool flow speed of laser-arc hybrid welding, thereby improving the heat transfer and energy efficiency of the laser and arc, making the droplet transfer more stable and the arc directionality better. At the same time, a magnetic field stirring effect is formed inside the weld bead molten pool, further refining the weld bead grain structure and strengthening the gas discharge ability. Compared with conventional hybrid welding heads, the mechanical performance and fatigue strength of the hybrid welding head under magnetic field superposition are improved by at least 5% or more. [Effects of the Invention]

[0035] The one or more technical measures described above in the present application have at least one of the following technical effects: The welded structure, welding device, and welding method of the present application employ an insert-fit locking mechanism between the top cover plate and the bottom cover plate of the box-shaped structure, thereby forming a stable, sealed box-shaped structure and increasing the rigidity of the structure.

[0036] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be set forth in part in the description that follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0037] In order to more clearly explain the technical solutions in the present application or the prior art, the drawings necessary for explaining the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. Of course, the drawings described below are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

[0038] [Figure 1] 1 is a first schematic assembly diagram of the welded structure according to the present application. [Figure 2] This is the second schematic assembly diagram of the welded structure according to the present application. [Figure 3] This is the third schematic assembly diagram of the welded structure according to the present application. [Figure 4] This is the fourth schematic assembly diagram of the welded structure according to the present application. [Figure 5] This is the fifth schematic assembly diagram of the welded structure according to the present application. [Figure 6] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the layout of a welding device according to the present application. [Figure 7] 1 is a flowchart of a welding method according to the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0039] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the present application. Of course, the described embodiments are not all embodiments, but only some embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments that a person skilled in the art can obtain without any creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] In describing the embodiments of the present application, orientations or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer" are based on orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings and are merely for the convenience and simplification of the description of the embodiments of the present application. They do not direct or suggest that the devices or elements shown have a specific orientation or are configured or operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present application. Furthermore, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are merely for the purpose of explanation and should not be understood as directing or suggesting relative importance.

[0041] In some specific implementations of the present application, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a welded structure, including a first cover plate 10, a second cover plate 20, a web plate 30, and a rib plate 40, wherein the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 20 are spaced apart, a plurality of web plates 30 are spaced apart along a first direction and are respectively inserted and fitted to the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 20, and a plurality of rib plates 40 are spaced apart along a second direction and are respectively inserted and fitted to the first cover plate 10 and the second cover plate 20, wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and the web plate 30 and the rib plate 40 are respectively inserted and fitted to each other.

[0042] Specifically, to solve the drawback of conventional box-type structures, which require tuning and correction, resulting in loss of strength and performance degradation, the present application provides a welded structure and employs an insert-and-lock mechanism between the top and bottom cover plates of the box-type structure, thereby forming a stable, sealed box-type structure and increasing the rigidity of the structure.

[0043] In some possible embodiments of the present application, a first slot 11 and a second slot 12 are provided on the surface of the first cover plate 10, the first slots 11 are spaced apart along a first direction, and the first slots 11 are inserted and fitted into the web plates 30 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the second slots 12 are spaced apart along a second direction, and the second slots 12 are inserted and fitted into the rib plates 40 in a one-to-one correspondence, and grooves 50 are provided on the sides of the first slots 11 and the second slots 12 facing the second cover plate 20.

[0044] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a first cover plate 10, and by providing a first slot 11 and a second slot 12, the first cover plate 10 is inserted and fitted with the web plate 30 and the rib plate 40.

[0045] Furthermore, by providing grooves 50 on the sides of the first slot 11 and the second slot 12 facing the second cover plate 20, the insertion and locking structure can be easily assembled quickly and accurately without any gaps. At the same time, the grooves 50 improve the back surface shaping of the weld bead and the penetration of the root of the weld bead, which not only meets the assembly requirements but also improves assembly efficiency.

[0046] In a possible embodiment, the groove 50 is a single V-shaped opening provided on the side of the first cover plate 10 facing the second cover plate 20 .

[0047] In some possible embodiments of the present application, a third slot 21 and a fourth slot 22 are provided on the surface of the second cover plate 20, the third slots 21 are spaced apart along the first direction, and the third slots 21 are inserted and fitted into the web plate 30 in a one-to-one correspondence, and the fourth slots 22 are spaced apart along the second direction, and the fourth slots 22 are inserted and fitted into the rib plate 40 in a one-to-one correspondence, and grooves 50 are provided on the sides of the third slots 21 and the fourth slots 22 facing the first cover plate 10.

[0048] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of the second cover plate 20, and by providing the third slot 21 and the fourth slot 22, the second cover plate 20 can be inserted and fitted with the web plate 30 and the rib plate 40.

[0049] Furthermore, by providing grooves 50 on the sides of the third slot 21 and the fourth slot 22 facing the first cover plate 10, the insertion and locking structure can be easily assembled quickly and accurately without any gaps. At the same time, the grooves 50 improve the back surface formation of the weld bead and the penetration of the root of the weld bead, which not only meets the assembly requirements but also improves assembly efficiency.

[0050] In a possible embodiment, the groove 50 is a single V-shaped opening provided on the side of the first cover plate 10 facing the second cover plate 20 .

[0051] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the first cover plate 10, the second cover plate 20, the web plate 30 and the rib plate 40 are all made of high strength weathering steel.

[0052] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a manufacturing material for a welded structure. As the running speed of high-speed trains and urban rail trains increases, the need for lightweight trains is further increasing. Therefore, a design that uses high-strength weathering steel instead of ordinary low-alloy steel to reduce weight and make use of the engineering characteristics of high-strength weathering steel, such as high strength, good plasticity, excellent fatigue resistance, and good economy.

[0053] In a possible embodiment, the welded structure is made of high-strength weathering steel and is thinned from the original 8-12 mm to 5-8 mm in thickness, resulting in a weight reduction of at least 20% compared to conventional closed box structures.

[0054] In a possible embodiment, the welded structure is applied to the chassis of a rail vehicle.

[0055] In a possible embodiment, the welded structure is a bolster for a rail vehicle.

[0056] In some specific implementation methods of the present application, as shown in Figures 1 to 6, the method provides a welding device for a welded structure, which includes a support part, a welding part 100, and an adjustment part, the support part has a support surface formed to support the welded structure, the welding part 100 is connected to the support part to realize welding to the welded structure, and the adjustment part is connected to the support part and abuts against the welding surface of the welded structure, wherein, during the process of welding to the welded structure, the welding part 100 controls the flatness of the welded structure by adjusting the magnitude of the biasing force on the welding surface of the welded structure using the adjustment part.

[0057] Specifically, to solve the problems of the conventional welding equipment, which required manual tuning and correction, resulting in strength loss and performance degradation, ineffective suppression of welding distortion, a large amount of work required for repeated verification, inability to accurately and dynamically adjust according to the progression trend and change of deformation of the welded structure, and poor anti-deformation effect, the present application further provides a welding device for welded structures, and by providing a multi-point flexible support on the support surface, it is possible to precisely control welding distortion, precisely and quantitatively suppress defects, and effectively improve structural performance, thereby improving manufacturing precision, reducing manufacturing costs, and significantly improving production efficiency.

[0058] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the support portion includes a support base 60 and a drive unit 70, where the surface of the support base 60 forms the support surface, and the drive unit 70 is connected to the support base 60 so as to realize adjustment of the rotation angle of the support base 60.

[0059] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of a support part, and by providing a support base 60, support for the welding structure is realized, and at the same time, the drive unit 70 realizes the inversion of the support base 60, thereby meeting the needs of welding from different angles.

[0060] Furthermore, all conventional welding of bolsters uses a single welding mechanism, that is, a single welding torch is used to perform welding, and there is a problem that manual turning over, repeated positioning and clamping are required in the process of welding the bolster, making it difficult to perform clamping formation in one go, thus affecting the processing accuracy of the bolster and improving its labor strength. At the same time, conventional methods have resulted in situations where the bolster is provided with a single support, and with a single measure to suppress welding distortion, the manufacturing accuracy of box-type bolster structures after welding still does not reach tuning-free standards.

[0061] It should be noted that the present application does not limit the specific structure of the drive unit 70, which includes a motor, bearings, a support mechanism, a transmission mechanism, etc. Due to space limitations, the present application does not provide a detailed description of the specific structure. In practical applications, those skilled in the art can refer to the installation in the relevant fields according to the actual situation.

[0062] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the weld 100 is a laser arc hybrid welding setup that is connected to a support.

[0063] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of the welding part 100, which combines the laser-arc hybrid welding mechanism with the supporting part and the adjusting part, thereby realizing system innovation for the entire manufacturing chain of product structure development, welding equipment research and development, and welding process control. This effectively overcomes the technical barriers of the traditional laser-arc hybrid welding closed box structure, which is difficult to assemble, has low efficiency, and is not stable. It also solves the engineering challenges of the large volume of the laser-arc hybrid welding torch, which results in significant spatial interference in the traditional assembly method. It also breaks through the technical bottlenecks of the laser-arc hybrid welding of medium-thick plates, which is difficult to remove porosity and has poor back surface forming.

[0064] In a possible embodiment, the cooperation of laser arc hybrid welding with the groove 50 corresponding to the weld bead on the back side of the welded structure greatly facilitates the gas inside the laser arc hybrid welding molten pool to be discharged from the back side of the molten pool, effectively suppressing porosity defects in medium-thickness laser arc hybrid welding.

[0065] In a possible embodiment, the laser arc hybrid welding mechanism employs a process of forming the welding surface in one go during the welding process of the welded structure to complete the welding.

[0066] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the adjustment unit includes a magnetic unit 80 and a sensor unit 90, and multiple magnetic units 80 are provided on the support base 60 to realize positioning of the welded structure by magnetic attraction, and multiple sensor units 90 are provided on the support base 60 to feed back welding parameters during the welding process of the welded structure to the welding section 100.

[0067] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of an adjustment unit, in which a magnetic unit 80 and a sensor unit 90 are provided on the surface, i.e., the support surface, of the support base 60, thereby realizing positioning of the closed box-type welded structure made of high-strength weathering steel and obtaining corresponding parameters during the welding process, thereby achieving the engineering goals of precisely controlling welding deformation, effectively suppressing welding defects, and significantly improving the weld bead structure performance.

[0068] In addition, the closed box structure of high-strength weathering steel is complex, with a large number of weld beads and a small welding pitch (minimum pitch of up to 5 mm). The assembly requirements are strict and must be controlled within the range of 0 to 0.5 mm, making assembly difficult. Conventional assembly methods have difficulty meeting the special assembly requirements of laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0069] It should be particularly noted here that although laser-arc hybrid welding has engineering characteristics such as small welding distortion, high manufacturing precision, strong penetration ability, good welding quality, fast welding speed, and high work efficiency, when applied to a closed box structure, the following problems still exist: the volume of the laser-arc hybrid welding torch is large, the welding space is easily interfered with, the conventional positioning and pressing device occupies a lot of physical space, and spatial interference between the hybrid welding torch and the pressing device is commonly present, making it impossible to achieve fully automatic spatial welding of closed box structures using laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0070] In a possible embodiment, the support base 60 is provided with a magnetic unit 80 to achieve attraction to a closed box-shaped welded structure made of high-strength weathering steel.

[0071] In a possible embodiment, the magnetic unit 80 is an electromagnet.

[0072] In a possible embodiment, a plurality of high-precision electromagnets are fitted into the support base 60, and the electromagnet attraction control modules are distributed at a plurality of spots along the length and width of the support base 60. The placement positions of the electromagnet attraction control modules are set according to the needs of supporting, positioning and constraint of the workpiece. The pitch between different modules is generally 500 to 800 mm. At the same time, the positions of the electromagnet control modules are continuously adjusted and precisely set by servo motors along the length, width and height of the support base 60, with a control precision of 0.1 mm. Each electromagnet attraction control module is fitted with a high-precision machining component to achieve precise positioning and support of the box-shaped part. The magnetic field strength of the electromagnet attraction control module is controlled by setting the magnitude of the current. The supporting and suction force of the roller can be digitally set and quantitatively adjusted between 0 and 50KN. The precise and quantitative control of the electromagnet position and suction force enables the accurate setting of the reverse deformation amount of the insertion structure box along the three directions of length, width and height, as well as multi-point accurate supporting and positioning, and multi-point flexible suction and pressing. This ensures that the entire precision assembly and welding process of the box structure is effectively constrained. The electromagnet suction assembly method overcomes the unfavorable situation of frequent spatial physical interference in traditional assembly, maximizing the spatial accessibility of laser-arc hybrid welding. At the same time, it ensures the accurate setting of spatial position and rigidity constraints in the welding process, flexible pressing and dynamic control, greatly improving the precision of welding deformation and the ability to control it in real time.

[0073] In a possible embodiment, compared with a permanent magnet, an electromagnet does not suffer from the phenomenon of demagnetization due to welding heat. Therefore, the electromagnetic control module distributed in a discrete spot manner can independently output the spatial position and the suction pressure. The reverse deformation amount and the suction pressure are controlled according to the support position set digitally and in real time, thereby achieving the engineering objective of flexible and precise control of welding deformation. This meets the special assembly and welding requirements of laser-arc hybrid welding torches, which have a large volume, require a large working space, and require strict assembly precision.

[0074] In some specific implementations of the present application, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 7, the present application provides a welding method based on the above welding apparatus, Obtaining a first welding characteristic value in a welding process of the welded structure, where the first welding characteristic value indicates a distortion amount parameter of the welded structure; generating a first adjustment policy for controlling the amount of distortion of the weld surface of the welded structure based on the first weld characteristic value; and performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy.

[0075] Specifically, to solve the problems of the conventional welding equipment, such as the inability to realize post-weld tuning exemption for the welded structure, the inability to effectively suppress welding distortion, the large amount of work required for repeated verification, the inability to accurately and dynamically adjust according to the development trend and change amount of deformation of the welded structure, and the poor anti-deformation effect, the present application further provides a welding method for welding equipment, which adjusts the magnitude of the multi-point flexible biasing force on the supporting surface to achieve gap-free, rapid and accurate assembly, multi-point flexible constraint and multi-energy field cooperative and high-performance welding, thereby simultaneously achieving the engineering goals of precisely controlling welding distortion, effectively suppressing welding defects, and significantly improving the weld bead structure performance.

[0076] In some possible embodiments of the present application, in the step of acquiring a first welding characteristic value in the welding process of the welded structure, specifically, Obtaining a first distortion characteristic value, a second distortion characteristic value, and a third distortion characteristic value in a welding process of a welded structure, wherein the first distortion characteristic value refers to a distortion area parameter of the welded structure, and the second distortion characteristic value refers to a distortion force parameter corresponding to the first distortion characteristic value; 3 the distortion feature value indicates a friction force parameter corresponding to the first distortion feature value; generating a first weld characteristic value based on the first distortion characteristic value, the second distortion characteristic value, and the third distortion characteristic value.

[0077] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of obtaining a first welding feature value in the welding process of a welded structure, and by obtaining a distortion feature value in the welding process of the welded structure, the corresponding first welding feature value is generated.

[0078] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the step of generating a first adjustment policy for controlling the distortion amount of the welding surface of the welded structure based on the first weld characteristic value specifically includes: Obtaining a preset adjustment area of ​​a welding surface of the corresponding welded structure, and extracting and obtaining all adjustment portions within the corresponding preset adjustment area based on the first distortion feature value; generating a first adjustment feature value based on each acquired adjustment unit according to the second distortion feature value, where the first adjustment feature value indicates an adhesive force parameter of the corresponding adjustment unit; generating a second adjustment feature value based on each acquired adjustment portion according to the second distortion feature value and the third distortion feature value, where the second adjustment feature value indicates a friction force parameter between the corresponding adjustment portion and the welded structure; generating a first adjustment policy based on the preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value.

[0079] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment for generating a first adjustment policy for controlling the distortion amount of the welding surface of the welded structure, adjusting the magnitude of the attractive force of the magnetic unit 80 corresponding to the distortion area based on the attractive force parameter, and further realizing reverse deformation adjustment during the welding process of the welded structure.

[0080] Furthermore, when adjusting the magnitude of the attractive force of the magnetic unit 80, it is necessary to monitor the friction force parameters to avoid the problem of the welding structure moving during the welding process due to insufficient attractive force.

[0081] In some possible embodiments of the present application, the step of generating a first adjustment policy based on a preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value specifically includes: Building a digital twin model based on the welded structure, Obtaining a first twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the first adjustment feature value; Obtaining a second twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the second adjustment feature value; determining based on the second twin accommodation feature value; When determining that the second twin adjustment feature value satisfies the preset adsorption condition, generating a first adjustment policy based on the first adjustment feature value; and generating a first adjustment policy based on the second adjustment feature value when determining that the second twin adjustment feature value does not satisfy the preset adsorption condition.

[0082] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment of generating a first adjustment policy based on a preset adjustment region, and by constructing a digital twin model, realizes calculation of the reverse deformation amount of the welded structure, verifies the adhesion force parameters between the support base 60 and the welded structure, and avoids the problem of the welded structure moving on the support base 60 due to insufficient adhesion force of the magnetic unit 80.

[0083] In some possible embodiments of the present application, in the step of performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically: Obtaining an instant welding area of ​​the welded structure and performing dynamic fitting to the instant welding area and the preset adjustment area; obtaining a first instantaneous adjustment region and a second instantaneous adjustment region based on the dynamic fitting, wherein the first instantaneous adjustment region is a region corresponding to a first strain feature value, and the second instantaneous adjustment region is a region within a preset range around the first instantaneous adjustment region; acquiring and determining magnetic field distortion parameters within a second instantaneous adjustment region; and if determining that the magnetic field distortion parameter does not satisfy the preset distortion threshold, generating a first adjustment policy based on the preset distortion threshold.

[0084] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment for real-time reverse deformation adjustment of the welded structure, and by monitoring the magnetic field within a preset range around the distortion area of ​​the welded structure, the problem of excessive magnetic field disturbance in the surrounding area caused by adjusting the magnetic unit 80 corresponding to the distortion area can be avoided, ensuring welding quality, and meeting the engineering needs of dynamically controlling the welding deformation in the hybrid welding process, further ensuring accurate welding positioning, and enhancing welding stability.

[0085] In some possible embodiments of the present application, after the step of performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically: Obtaining a second welding feature value and a third welding feature value during a welding process of the welded structure, where the second welding feature value refers to a welding trajectory parameter of the welded structure and the third feature value refers to a molten pool parameter of the welded structure; generating a second adjustment policy for controlling a magnetic field direction of the adjustment portion based on the second welding characteristic value and the third welding characteristic value; The method further includes performing real-time magnetic field stirring on the molten pool of the welded structure during the welding process according to a second adjusting policy.

[0086] Specifically, this embodiment provides an embodiment in which real-time magnetic field stirring is performed on the molten pool of the welded structure. The alternating magnetic field generated by the magnetic unit 80 is used to couple and control the laser and arc energy fields of laser-arc hybrid welding, effectively suppressing plasma and increasing the droplet flight speed and molten pool flow speed of laser-arc hybrid welding, improving the heat transfer and energy efficiency of the laser and arc, making the droplet transfer more stable and the arc directionality better. At the same time, a magnetic field stirring effect is formed inside the weld bead molten pool, further refining the weld bead grain structure and strengthening the gas discharge ability. Compared with conventional hybrid welding heads, the mechanical performance and fatigue strength of the hybrid welding head under magnetic field superposition are improved by at least 5% or more.

[0087] In addition, the heat source of hybrid welding is concentrated and the active area is small, making it extremely sensitive to changes in spatial position due to dynamic small distortions during the welding process of large, complex components. If real-time intervention is not made to the small distortions during the welding process, the accumulated distortion will lead to relatively large deviations in the subsequent welding position, which will further affect the stability and reliability of the welding process. Therefore, real-time intervention and dynamic control of welding distortions is required.

[0088] Furthermore, by combining laser-arc hybrid welding with the magnetic field generated by electromagnet attraction, the stirring action of the electromagnetic force inside the weld bead molten pool is used to speed up gas discharge, effectively reducing the occurrence of weld bead porosity defects. At the same time, by adjusting the direction of the electromagnetic force, the arc magnetic blow phenomenon is suppressed, maintaining more stable arc and droplet transfer. The combined control of the magnetic field, laser, and arc multi-energy fields further refines the weld bead grain structure, significantly improving the mechanical performance and fatigue strength of the hybrid welding head.

[0089] In other words, by comprehensively utilizing the above-mentioned innovative method, the present application changes the welding manufacturing mode of the sealed box-type structure from the entire manufacturing flow of structural design and development, welding equipment research and development, and welding process development, and has a significant effect of improving the manufacturing accuracy, connection strength, and welding quality of the sealed insertion joint box-type component.

[0090] In describing the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified or limited, terms such as "connected to each other" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, and may refer to, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. They may also be mechanically connected or electrically connected, and may be directly connected to each other or indirectly connected to each other via an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application according to specific circumstances.

[0091] In the description herein, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described with reference to the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described herein and features of different embodiments or examples without mutual contradiction.

[0092] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for the purpose of explaining the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that any combination, modification, or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present application will not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present application, and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application. [Explanation of symbols]

[0093] 10: First cover plate 11: First slot 12: Second slot 20: Second cover plate 21: Third slot 22: 4th slot 30: Web board 40: Rib board 50: Groove 60: Support stand 70: Drive unit 80: Magnetic unit 90: Sensor unit 100: Welded section.

Claims

1. a first cover plate, a second cover plate, a web plate, and a rib plate; The first cover plate and the second cover plate are provided with a gap therebetween, The plurality of web plates are provided at intervals along a first direction and are inserted and fitted to the first cover plate and the second cover plate, respectively; the plurality of rib plates are provided at intervals along the second direction and are inserted and fitted into the first cover plate and the second cover plate, respectively; wherein the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, The web plate and the rib plate are inserted and fitted to each other, a first slot and a second slot are provided on a surface of the first cover plate; the first slots are spaced apart along the first direction, and the first slots are inserted and fitted into the web plates in a one-to-one correspondence; the second slots are spaced apart along the second direction, and the second slots are inserted and fitted into the rib plates in a one-to-one correspondence; Here, a groove is provided on the side of the first slot and the second slot facing the second cover plate, which is a welded structure.

2. a third slot and a fourth slot are provided on a surface of the second cover plate; the third slots are spaced apart along the first direction, and the third slots are inserted and fitted into the web plates in a one-to-one correspondence; the fourth slots are spaced apart along the second direction, and the fourth slots are inserted and fitted into the rib plates in a one-to-one correspondence; 2. The welded structure according to claim 1, wherein a groove is provided on the side of the third slot and the fourth slot facing the first cover plate.

3. 3. The welded structure according to claim 1, wherein the first cover plate, the second cover plate, the web plate, and the rib plate are all made of high-strength weathering steel.

4. A welding device for a welding structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, a support portion, a welding portion, and an adjustment portion; The support portion is formed with a support surface that supports the welded structure, the welding portion is connected to the support portion to achieve welding to the welded structure; the adjustment portion is connected to the support portion and abuts against a welding surface of the welded structure; Here, the welding device for a welded structure is characterized in that, during the process of welding the welded structure, the adjustment unit adjusts the magnitude of the biasing force on the welding surface of the welded structure, thereby achieving control over the flatness of the welded structure.

5. the support unit includes a support base and a drive unit; a surface of the support base forming the support surface; The welding device of claim 4, wherein the driving unit is connected to the support table so as to realize adjustment of the rotation angle of the support table.

6. The welding device for a welding structure according to claim 4, wherein the welding portion is a laser arc hybrid welding mechanism connected to the support portion.

7. the adjustment unit includes a magnetic unit and a sensor unit; the plurality of magnetic units are provided on the support base so as to realize positioning of the welding structure by magnetic attraction; 6. The welding device for a welded structure according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of sensor units are provided on the support table so as to feed back welding parameters in a welding process of the welded structure to the welding portion.

8. A welding method based on the welding apparatus of the welding structure according to any one of claims 4 to 7, Obtaining a first welding feature value in a welding process of a welded structure, wherein the first welding feature value indicates a distortion amount parameter of the welded structure; generating a first adjustment policy for controlling an amount of distortion of a weld surface of the welded structure based on the first weld feature value; and performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy.

9. In the step of acquiring the first welding feature value in the welding process of the welded structure, specifically: Obtaining a first strain characteristic value, a second strain characteristic value, and a third strain characteristic value during a welding process of the welded structure, wherein the first strain characteristic value indicates a strain area parameter of the welded structure, the second strain characteristic value indicates a strain force parameter corresponding to the first strain characteristic value, and the third strain characteristic value indicates a friction force parameter corresponding to the first strain characteristic value; and generating the first weld feature value based on the first distortion feature value, the second distortion feature value, and the third distortion feature value.

10. In the step of generating a first adjustment policy for controlling the distortion amount of the welding surface of the welded structure based on the first welding feature value, specifically: Obtaining a preset adjustment area of ​​a corresponding welding surface of the welded structure, and extracting and obtaining all the adjustment portions within the corresponding preset adjustment area based on the first distortion feature value; generating a first adjustment feature value based on each of the acquired adjustment units based on the second distortion feature value, where the first adjustment feature value indicates an adhesive force parameter of the corresponding adjustment unit; generating a second adjustment feature value for each of the acquired adjustment portions based on the second distortion feature value and the third distortion feature value, wherein the second adjustment feature value indicates a friction force parameter between the corresponding adjustment portion and the welded structure; and generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value.

11. In the step of generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset adjustment region based on the first adjustment feature value and the second adjustment feature value, specifically: constructing a digital twin model based on the welded structure; Obtaining a first twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the first adjustment feature value; Obtaining a second twin adjustment feature value based on the digital twin model based on the second adjustment feature value; determining based on the second twin adjustment feature value; generating the first adjustment policy based on the first adjustment feature value when it is determined that the second twin adjustment feature value satisfies a preset adsorption condition; The method for welding a welded structure according to claim 10, further comprising: generating the first adjustment policy based on the second adjustment feature value when it is determined that the second twin adjustment feature value does not satisfy a preset suction condition.

12. In the step of performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically: obtaining an instant welding area of ​​the welded structure and performing dynamic fitting on the instant welding area and the preset adjustment area; obtaining a first instantaneous adjustment region and a second instantaneous adjustment region based on the dynamic fitting, wherein the first instantaneous adjustment region is a region corresponding to the first distortion feature value, and the second instantaneous adjustment region is a region within a preset range around the first instantaneous adjustment region; acquiring and determining magnetic field distortion parameters within the second instantaneous adjustment region; 12. The method for welding a welded structure according to claim 10 or 11, further comprising: if it is determined that the magnetic field distortion parameter does not satisfy a preset distortion threshold, generating the first adjustment policy based on the preset distortion threshold.

13. After the step of performing real-time reverse deformation adjustment on the welded structure during the welding process according to the first adjustment policy, specifically: Obtaining a second welding feature value and a third welding feature value during a welding process of the welded structure, wherein the second welding feature value refers to a welding trajectory parameter of the welded structure, and the third feature value refers to a molten pool parameter of the welded structure; generating a second adjustment policy for controlling a magnetic field direction of the adjustment portion based on the second welding characteristic value and the third welding characteristic value; The method for welding a welded structure according to any one of claims 8 to 11, further comprising: performing real-time magnetic field stirring on the molten pool of the welded structure during the welding process according to the second adjustment policy.

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