A system for generating linear motion

Abstract

To provide a linear motor which does not use friction to move but instead generates a force which pushes the linear motor in a desired direction.SOLUTION: Provided is a system for generating a linear movement, including an electromagnetically charged body 30 that freely moves in a main direction, a static magnetic field generator 50, and two buffer elements 20, 40. A movement of the electromagnetically charged body 30 in the main direction is controlled by the static magnetic field generator 50 and the buffer elements 20, 40. A power profile for generating a displacement of the system in either orientation in the main direction at a frequency Ω obtained by an equation Ω=A*f(N) is supplied using AC to the static magnetic field generator 50.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention generally relates to linear motors. More particularly, it relates to a motor that uses an electromagnetically charged body to move a system containing it along a principal direction. In particular, the linear motor described herein enables movement in one direction along one principal direction of the system. The linear motor described herein performs movement in one direction as a result of an external bias, and such movement exceeds simple vibration. [Background technology]

[0002] Current motors are based on two general principles for generating motion and can be divided into two macroscopic categories of motion: friction motors and variable mass motors.

[0003] A friction motor is any motor that generates motion that is mechanically transmitted to an external object or surface, regardless of the power source used, and generates friction through this motion between the object to which the motor is coupled and the external object or surface.

[0004] For example, a car's motor transmits the motion it generates to the car's wheels, which in turn cause the car to move on the road as a result of friction with the road surface. In fact, the car moves due to this friction between the wheels and the asphalt. Similar examples could be the wheels of a train on rails, or even a train's magnetic levitation system.

[0005] The second macro category concerns variable-mass motors, that is, motors that "launch mass" in the opposite direction to the movement they must perform, based on the principle of action / reaction. A symbolic example of this type of motor is a rocket, which emits a stream of particles in the opposite direction to the movement it is intended to perform.

[0006] Patent Document 1 contains: (a) At least one movable magnet that is movable in the axial direction, wherein the movable magnet is magnetized in the axial direction, (b) Two bumper magnets arranged axially in series with the movable magnet, the bumper magnets being oriented to magnetically repel the movable magnet, and the movable magnet being positioned between the bumper magnets; and (c) At least one field coil for moving the movable magnet axially.

[0007] In particular, Patent Document 1 describes a device used to generate linear vibrations that can be used in, for example, mobile phones and portable electronic devices.

[0008] Patent document 2 describes a vibration motor having a stable vibration section that can be used in various electronic devices.

[0009] Finally, Patent Document 3 describes a flexible tactile actuator that includes substantially the same parts as those described in the two aforementioned patent documents. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0010] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008 / 001484 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2018 / 248458 [Patent Document 3] European Patent Application Publication No. 3343738 [Overview of the Initiative]

[0011] The motor proposed herein is not based on either of the two macroscopic principles outlined above.

[0012] In fact, the linear motor described in this specification does not emit mass and does not use friction to move. Instead, it generates a force that pushes it in the desired direction.

[0013] Furthermore, unlike friction motors, self-propelled motors generate a constant acceleration and thus, ideally, can reach any speed in the absence of friction (e.g., in outer space) and do not have a reachable speed limit.

[0014] Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent by reading the following description, provided as a non-limiting example, with reference to the figures shown in the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015] [Figure 1] An example of a system according to the present invention is shown. [Figure 2] The system in successive steps leading to the movement of the system is shown. [Figure 3] The system in successive steps leading to the movement of the system is shown. [Figure 4] The system in successive steps leading to the movement of the system is shown. [Figure 5] The system in successive steps leading to the movement of the system is shown. [Figure 6] The system in successive steps leading to the movement of the system is shown. [Figure 7(a)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 7(b)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 7(c)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 8(a)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 8(b)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 8(c)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 9(a)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 9(b)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 9(c)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 10(a)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 10(b)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 10(c)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 11(a)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 11(b)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 11(c)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 12(a)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 12(b)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 12(c)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 13(a)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 13(b)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 13(c)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 14(a)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 14(b)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 14(c)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 15(a)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 15(b)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 15(c)]Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 16] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 17(a)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 17(b)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 17(c)] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 18] Different embodiments of the system according to the present invention are shown. [Figure 19] This shows the trend of the integral of the force difference measured between two load cells testing the device according to the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0016] The parts described herein are shown in the drawings, where appropriate, using conventional reference numerals to indicate only specific details relevant to understanding embodiments of the present invention, so as not to emphasize details that would be immediately apparent to those skilled in the art by referring to the description herein. Hereinafter, the present invention

[0017] Referring to Figure 1, generally, the motor or moving system according to the present invention consists of an electromagnetically charged body that moves within a limited spatial volume, and this electromagnetically charged body is electromagnetically accelerated and decelerated in a controlled manner while moving within the spatial volume.

[0018] Such acceleration / deceleration generates a force on the volume through which the mass moves, allowing it to move through the volume of space.

[0019] An example of the first embodiment is shown in Figure 1.

[0020] Figure 1 makes it possible to identify the basic elements of the solution proposed herein, namely a tube 10, for example, a hollow cylinder, containing three magnets 20, 30, and 40, one of which (reference numeral 30) is movable and two (reference numerals 20 and 40) are fixed, and an electromagnet or coil 50. The two fixed magnets 20, 40 are fixed to the inside of the tube 10 at their two opposing ends A and B. The third movable magnet 30 is positioned in the central part C of the tube 10. The coil 50 is fixed to the tube 10 at its outer portion. In the illustrated example, the coil 50 starts from end B, is wound around the tube 10, and extends over approximately one-quarter of the length of the tube 10. In particular, the coil 50 is positioned on the outside of the tube and surrounds the portion of the pipe 10 that houses the fixed magnets 20. The three magnets 20, 30, and 40 are arranged to show opposite poles facing each other. In particular, in the equilibrium state shown in Figure 1, the first fixed magnet 20 is positioned such that its positive electrode 20b faces the outside of the pipe 10, i.e., towards the end B of the pipe 10, and its positive electrode 20a faces the central part C of the pipe 10. The second movable magnet 30 is positioned inside the pipe 10 at the central part C such that its negative electrode 30a faces the negative electrode 20a of the first fixed magnet 20. Finally, the third magnet 40 is positioned such that its positive electrode 40b faces the inside of the pipe 10, i.e., towards the central part C of the pipe 10, and its negative electrode 40a faces the outside of the pipe 10, i.e., towards the end A of the pipe 10. In this way, the third fixed magnet 40 is positioned inside the pipe 10 such that its positive electrode 40b faces the positive electrode 30b of the second movable magnet 30.

[0021] Figure 1 shows the equilibrium state. In particular, the two fixed magnets 20 and 40 hold the movable magnet 30 in place due to the repulsive force between their opposing poles of the same sign. Thus, the repulsive force between poles of the same sign repels the magnets from each other. Specifically, the two negative poles 20a and 30a repel each other, and the positive poles 30b and 40b repel each other. Thus, the movable magnet 30 remains stationary in the center C of the tube 10 because the two repulsive forces acting on the two fixed magnets 20 and 40 are balanced. In the example in Figure 1, no power is supplied to the coil 50, and therefore the system is in an equilibrium state in which the movable magnet 30 is stationary in the center of the tube 10 at the center C. Naturally, the description provided herein also applies to the dual case where the magnets are in opposite positions relative to their poles. Therefore, the fixed magnet 20 has a positive electrode 20a facing the outside (end B) of the pipe 10 and a negative electrode 20b facing the central part C of the pipe 10, the movable magnet 30 has its positive electrode 30b facing end B and a negative electrode 30a facing end A, and the fixed magnet 40 has its negative electrode 40a facing the central part C of the pipe 10 and its positive electrode 40b facing end A. In this case, the repulsive force between magnets of the same sign will cause the magnets to repel each other.

[0022] Here, we will explain the system operation step by step with reference to Figures 2 to 5.

[0023] Figure 2 shows the initial equilibrium state. As described above, in this state, the movable magnet 30 is stationary in its equilibrium state at the central part C of the pipe 10. The movable magnet 30 is held stationary by the repulsive force generated between poles of the same sign due to the orientation of the two fixed magnets 20 and 40.

[0024] Therefore, at time t0, an equilibrium state is reached.

[0025] Referring to Figure 3, a coil 50 is added to and wound around end B of the tube 10. In particular, the coil 50 is wound around the fixed magnet 20 at the end of the tube 10. Initially, such a coil 50 is not powered, and in Figure 3, the equilibrium state shown in Figure 2 remains. In other words, the movable magnet 30 is in a central position, held in equilibrium by the repulsive force F generated by the two fixed magnets 20 and 40.

[0026] At time t1, the coil that generates the electromagnetic field is activated.

[0027] In Figure 4, the coil 50 is powered, for example, by a square wave, sinusoidal wave, or sawtooth wave pulse, and the movable magnet 30 moves toward the end of the tube 10 due to the increased magnetic field generated by the coil 50. In particular, the movable magnet 30 approaches the fixed magnet 40, which is pushed by the repulsive force FR created between the same-sign poles 20a and 30a of the two magnets 20 and 30. As a result, the movable magnet 30 moves toward the fixed magnet 40 (towards end A) as long as the repulsive force generated by its approach to the two same-sign poles 30b and 40b keeps the movable magnet 30 in place.

[0028] Next, at time t2, the movable magnet 30 interacts with the electromagnetic field generated by the coil 50 and moves from its equilibrium position to a position closer to the fixed magnet 40 (although embodiments are shown as examples, a dual embodiment involving power reversal in which power is supplied to the coil 50 may also be considered).

[0029] More specifically, energizing coil 50 increases the magnetic field, which in turn increases the repulsive force between the movable magnet 30 and the stationary magnet 20, causing the movable magnet 30 to move toward the stationary magnet 40. The movable magnet 30 acquires kinetic energy that is transmitted to the entire system at the moment of maximum approach before reversing its motion.

[0030] At time t3 (see Figure 5), coil 50 is switched off, its polarity is reversed, or its intensity is reduced, and the central magnet 30, which is in a position other than its normal equilibrium position, is subjected to a force that tends to return it to equilibrium, and the entire system (tube 10, magnets 20, 30, 40 and coil 50) is subjected to equal and opposite forces in opposite directions.

[0031] Referring to Figure 6, at time t4, the accelerating movable magnet 30 will, in principle, move beyond its normal equilibrium position and tend to move further toward the stationary magnet 20. This will cause it to repel the stationary magnet again, and if left unchecked, a series of smaller vibrations will occur in the movable magnet 30 until it reaches the equilibrium position again.

[0032] Instead, coil 50 is reactivated at a precise moment to decelerate the movable magnet 30 and reject it in the situation at time t2 (see Figure 4).

[0033] At time t5, steps t2 through t5 are repeated to maintain the system in motion. In particular, the displacement of the system, consisting of the tube 10, magnets 20, 30, 40, and coil 50, occurs in the direction indicated by arrow S in Figures 5 and 6.

[0034] Forward movement is caused by the mechanical thrust of the movable magnet 30 on the fixed magnet 40. In particular, to prevent wear on the magnets, impacts between the magnets should be avoided, and if the two magnets are brought too close together, they will be separated by a repulsive force.

[0035] Simply put, this system generates a series of linear motions by providing a series of pulses (square waves, sine waves, sawtooth waves) with a given frequency as power for coil 50, i.e., impulsive power with a descending peak. In particular, by supplying current to coil 50, the linear motion of the system is obtained by the repulsive force between the poles of the magnets contained in the system that have the same charge. Since such linear motion is achieved even in a vacuum, its motion is not due to vibration effects or friction.

[0036] Therefore, the solution described herein makes it possible to obtain linear motion by energizing the coil 50 with a generator (e.g., a battery). The resulting motion depends on the waveform pulses supplied to the coil 50.

[0037] The power from coil 50 makes it possible to obtain an unbalanced thrust in a given direction with respect to the main axis, so as to move the entire system in a certain direction. Therefore, by selecting different pulse amplitudes and frequencies for supplying power to coil 50, different responses of the system can be obtained.

[0038] The system's power supply is AC, not DC, and is tuned to various frequencies and waveforms (e.g., square wave, sawtooth wave, sine wave, etc.) to generate motor motion, allowing for the generation of various types of thrust along the two axes and various types of acceleration of the system.

[0039] Here, some possible embodiments of the system described herein will be explained.

[0040] The simplest diagram of the system is shown in Figure 7. In particular, in this case, there is a pipe T, for example, a hollow cylinder closed at its ends A and B, with a movable magnet MM inserted into the pipe T and two mechanical bumpers RM at the ends of the pipe T, and a single coil Bob.

[0041] Coil Bob can occupy different positions on the tube T. In particular, in Figure 7a), coil Bob is located in the first part of the tube T, directly below the central part C and below the movable magnet MM. Conversely, in Figure 7b), coil Bob is again located in the first part of the tube T, below the movable magnet MM, and near the end B of the tube T. Finally, in Figure 7c, coil Bob is located in the central part C of the tube T, surrounding the tube T in the resting position of the movable magnet MM.

[0042] In the operation of the system in the three cases a), b), and c), only the motor efficiency and frequency range change, as the principle is almost the same depending on the position of the coil.

[0043] The two mechanical bumpers (RM) can be made from an elastic material such as silicone rubber (see Figure 7).

[0044] As already mentioned, tube T may be, for example, a hollow cylinder with a circular cross-section, or a tube with a square, rectangular, elliptical, hexagonal, or other type of cross-section.

[0045] In one or more alternative embodiments, the two mechanical bumpers RM can be made in the form of two elastic elements or springs ML (see Figure 8) positioned at the two ends A and B of the tube T. In this case as well, the coil Bob can be assumed to be in a different position, as shown in embodiments (b) and (c) of Figure 8. The coil Bob can be assumed to be in the same position as described for Figure 7. That is, • Directly below the central part C of tube T, below the movable magnet MM, and located in the first part of tube T, • Below the movable magnet MM, it is located in the first part of the pipe T, near the end B of the pipe T, or It is located in the central part C of pipe T, surrounding pipe T at the resting position of the movable magnet MM.

[0046] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 9, the movable magnet MM can be maintained in equilibrium by a system of springs Ma. In particular, the springs Ma are fixed to ends A and B of the tube T. In this case as well, coil Bob can take on different positions, as shown in embodiments a), b), and c) of Figures 7 and 8.

[0047] Other possible embodiments are shown in Figure 10. In particular, in this case the system comprises a tube T closed at ends A and B, the tube T having a movable magnet MM inside the central part C and two fixed magnets MF blocked at ends A and B of the tube T. In this case as well, there is a single coil Bob wound around the tube T in three possible positions. • Directly below the central part C of tube T, below the movable magnet MM, and located in the first part of tube T, • Below the movable magnet MM, it is located in the first part of the pipe T, near the end B of the pipe T, or It is located in the central part C of pipe T, surrounding pipe T at the resting position of the movable magnet MM.

[0048] In the embodiment shown in Figure 10, the magnets may have different dimensions from each other.

[0049] Further embodiments (see Figures 11 and 12) can be obtained by combining the features of the solution in Figure 10 with one of the three modifications (a, b, c) in Figures 7, 8, or 9. In particular, there may be a mechanical buffer RM made of elastic rubber at the first end, a spring bumper ML or spring MA coupled between the tube T and the movable magnet MM, and a fixed magnet MF at the other end B of the tube T. Alternatively, the elements may be reversed with respect to the two ends A and B of the tube T.

[0050] Further embodiments (see Figures 11 and 12) can be obtained by combining the features of the solution in Figure 10 with one of the three modifications (a, b, c) in Figures 7, 8, or 9. In particular, there may be a closed tube T, which has a movable magnet MM inside a central part C and two fixed magnets MF fixed to ends A and B of the tube T. The magnets may also have different dimensions from each other. In this case as well, a single coil Bob is present. In these alternative embodiments, a mechanical buffer RM, which may be made of an elastic material such as silicone rubber, may be present between the ends of the tube T and the fixed magnets MF. In the modifications, there may be a system of one or two springs ML or springs MA that hold the fixed magnets MF in equilibrium position. Of course, the pair of fixed magnets MF and mechanical buffers RM may be from end A only, or from both end A and end B.

[0051] In a further modification, there may be two fixed magnets MF fixed to ends A and B of the pipe T, and two mechanical buffers RM, which may be made of an elastic material such as silicone rubber, between the fixed magnets MF and the movable magnets MM. In other alternative embodiments, there may be a system of two springs ML or springs MA between the fixed magnets MF and the movable magnets MM that hold the central magnet in an equilibrium position, or any combination of the aforementioned elements.

[0052] Only a few of the possible variations described are shown in the diagram.

[0053] In various other embodiments, for example, referring to Figure 13, the system comprises a closed tube T and a pair of coils Bob1 and Bob2, the closed tube T having a movable magnet MM in the central part C and two fixed magnets MF fixed to the ends of the tube T at two ends A and B. Figures a), b), and c) show three examples of the positioning of the two coils Bob1 and Bob2. In the illustrated examples, the two coils Bob1 and Bob2 have different numbers of windings, but embodiments in which the two coils Bob1 and Bob2 have equal numbers of windings can be considered. Alternatively, other distributions of the two coils Bob1 and Bob2 along the tube T can be considered.

[0054] By adjusting the size (number and size of windings, supply, and frequency of the two coils Bob1 and Bob2), the system's acceleration can be adjusted more efficiently (see Figure 13). The magnets can also have different dimensions from each other.

[0055] Further embodiments can be obtained by combining the features of the solution in Figure 13 with one of the three modifications (a, b, c) in Figures 7, 8, or 9. In particular, there may be embodiments having a pair of coils Bob1 and Bob2 at the first end A, a mechanical buffer RM made of elastic rubber, a spring bumper ML or spring MA coupled between the tube T and the fixed magnet MF, then a movable magnet MM, and finally a fixed magnet MF fixed to the other end B of the tube T. Alternatively, the elements may be reversed with respect to the two ends A and B of the tube T.

[0056] Further embodiments can be obtained by combining the features of the solution in Figure 13 with one of the three modifications (a, b, c) in Figures 7, 8, or 9. In particular, embodiments may have a pair of coils Bob1 and Bob2 and a closed tube T, the closed tube T having a movable magnet MM inside its central part C and two fixed magnets MF fixed at ends A and B of the tube T. The magnets may also have different dimensions from each other. In these alternative embodiments, there may be two mechanical buffers RM, which may be made of an elastic material such as silicone rubber, between ends A and B of the tube T and the fixed magnets MF. In modifications, a system of two springs ML, or springs MA, may be present, which hold the fixed magnets MF in an equilibrium position.

[0057] In all embodiments described herein, the system acceleration can be adjusted more efficiently by adjusting the size of the two coils Bob1 and Bob2, the number and size of the windings, the power and frequency. The magnets may also have different dimensions from each other.

[0058] Referring to Figure 14, a further embodiment is conceivable in which a single coil Bob exists and is wound on a closed tube T, and the closed tube T has a movable magnet MM inside its central part C and two fixed magnets MF fixed to ends A and B of the tube T. In this alternative embodiment, the diamagnetic cover CD of the tube T is also provided at the position of the tube T between the two fixed magnets MF and is intended to act as a “magnetic brake” to slow the movement of the movable magnet MM during the step of returning to the equilibrium position. The magnets may also have different dimensions from each other.

[0059] A modified embodiment shown in Figure 14 comprises a pair of coils Bob1 and Bob2 wound on a closed tube T, the closed tube T having a movable magnet MM inside its central portion C and two fixed magnets MF fixed to ends A and B of the tube T. In this embodiment, a diamagnetic cover CD of the tube T is provided at a position on the tube T between the two fixed magnets MF and is intended to act as a “magnetic brake” to slow the movement of the movable magnet MM during a step to return to the equilibrium position. The magnets may also have different dimensions from each other, and the “magnetic brake” CD may be positioned between the two coils Bob1 and Bob2, or between coils Bob1 and Bob2 and one end (A or B) of the closed tube T.

[0060] More specifically, the diamagnetic cover CD, which acts as a magnetic brake, is a cover made of a diamagnetic material, which is used to brake the movable magnet MM as it moves inside the region of the tube T covered by the diamagnetic cover CD. The diamagnetic cover CD can be made of copper, aluminum, graphite, or any strong diamagnetic material, and can be either passive (i.e., a simple cover that is not powered) or active (i.e., a copper, graphite, or aluminum coil that is activated immediately before the passage of the movable magnet MM). For example, the diamagnetic cover CD may be a hollow cylinder fitted over the tube T.

[0061] Alternatively, braking can be achieved with a single coil, by reversing the polarity of the power supply, or by using a pair of coils (one for firing or acceleration and one for braking).

[0062] Further embodiments of the solution described herein are illustrated with reference to Figure 15. In particular, in this case, there are a number of coils Bob1, Bob2, ..., BobN wound on a closed tube T, and the closed tube T has a movable magnet MM inside the central part C and two fixed magnets MF fixed to ends A and B of the tube T. The system acceleration can be adjusted more efficiently by adjusting the size, number of turns and magnitude, power and frequency of the N coils. The magnets may also have different dimensions from one another.

[0063] In detail, the purpose of providing multiple N coils is to "launch" the movable magnet MM towards one of the two fixed magnets MF, thus creating a situation similar to a Gauss rifle during the step of accelerating the movable magnet MM in that direction, and then to act as a magnetic brake during the step of returning the movable magnet MM in the opposite direction. Thus, the coils generate a force on the base of their general shape depending on their position relative to the movable magnet MM and as a function of the time it takes for the movable magnet MM to be activated.

[0064] In particular, a Gauss rifle is a barrel that uses magnetic or electromagnetic acceleration, powered by a linear motor positioned on a common axis, to fire metal projectiles at extremely high speeds.

[0065] Using multiple coils allows for better control and management of the thrust and acceleration / deceleration of the movable magnet MM. Furthermore, it is preferable to individually control each coil with a power supply and an adjustable frequency square wave generator. Therefore, it would be preferable to have a series of coils with the narrowest possible diameter to generate a strong magnetic field. Conversely, an intermediate compromise must be found to avoid making the system too heavy. A good compromise is that acceleration and deceleration can be precisely controlled even when using two or three offset coils as pulses, while still avoiding excessive system weight.

[0066] Further embodiments can be obtained from the embodiment shown in Figure 15, in which one or more diamagnetic covers CD of the tube T are added to the tube T at various positions between the two fixed magnets MF, with the purpose of acting as a “magnetic brake” to slow the movement of the movable magnet MM during the step of returning to the equilibrium position. In this case as well, the magnets may be of different sizes.

[0067] A further modification applicable to all of the embodiments described above assumes the use of a central tube TC made of a diamagnetic material as an additional magnetic brake. Figure 16 shows an example of an embodiment in which a central tube TC made of a diamagnetic material is used as an additional magnetic brake.

[0068] Further embodiments of the system according to the present invention will be described with reference to Figure 17. In this embodiment, a central pin PC is provided, on which a movable magnet MM slides (drilled in the center in this embodiment), and two fixed magnets MF are fixed to the central pin PC at ends A and B.

[0069] Naturally, all of the above-mentioned modifications can also be applied to this embodiment.

[0070] In particular, the embodiments are described based on greater efficiency, with a multi-coil system having two fixed magnets being the most efficient, while a first system having a single magnet, a single coil, and mechanical repulsion means is the least efficient.

[0071] Finally, it is possible to create a system consisting of multiple assembleable systems that allow for movement in vertical or various directions.

[0072] In effect, the system described herein behaves as a Gauss rifle having two plugs at the end of the rifle (tube), and a magnet, replacing a bullet, repeatedly approaches and / or contacts buffer elements (springs, magnets, etc.), particularly one of them, in a given direction and orientation, in order to transfer kinetic energy and move the entire system.

[0073] Naturally, it is also possible to imagine a mobility system that utilizes circular motion by using appropriate conversion methods.

[0074] Here, we will describe some application examples. In the examples described, the tube T is made of a plastic material that can withstand impact and high temperatures. In alternative embodiments, the tube T may also be made from ceramic, sintered ceramic, wood, cardboard, vulcanized fiber, or wood or cardboard impregnated in epoxy resin.

[0075] In particular, ceramics have the advantages of not being affected by aging, being extremely resistant to high temperatures, being mechanically strong, and being lightweight.

[0076] Furthermore, sintered ceramics possess the same advantages as conventional ceramics, but may also have superior characteristics compared to conventional ceramics.

[0077] Wood has a low specific gravity and poor heat conductivity, which prevents the heat generated in the coil from transferring to the central magnet.

[0078] Conversely, carbon has similar characteristics and advantages to wood, but with a lower specific gravity.

[0079] Vulcanized fibers possess similar characteristics to wood and carbon, but with superior mechanical strength, exhibit no structural defects, and are homogeneous materials, making them excellent electrical isolators.

[0080] Wood, carbon, or vulcanized fibers immersed in epoxy resin retain the same properties as the three materials before immersion, but likely possess higher structural strength.

[0081] Furthermore, in a further embodiment, the tube T may be made of aluminum, graphite, or metal, although strongly diamagnetic or ferromagnetic materials may, in some cases, limit the system performance.

[0082] Therefore, antiferromagnetic materials or non-magnetizable materials such as ceramics, plastics, wood, and paper are preferred.

[0083] In the embodiments considered, the tube T has a length that can vary from 0.5 cm to 300 cm and an inner diameter that falls between 0.1 mm and 600 mm. The magnets used (MM and MF) are preferably selected for their high magnetic field and good thermal resistance due to eddy currents that may be generated inside the magnets themselves during operation.

[0084] As an example, referring to Figure 18, a 130mm long plastic tube T can be used with an inner diameter of 11mm and an outer diameter of 15mm. Two neodymium magnets MF, each 10mm in diameter and 35mm in height, with an axial magnetization of N52, are fixed to ends A and B of the tube T with epoxy adhesive.

[0085] The two magnets MF are fixed such that the north pole (or positive pole) of one magnet MF1 faces the inside of the tube and the south pole (or negative pole) faces the outside, while the other magnet MF2 is fixed such that the south pole (or negative pole) faces the inside of the tube T and the north pole (or positive pole) faces the outside.

[0086] The movable magnet MM, which is equivalent to the aforementioned MF1 and MF2, is held in magnetic levitation by the repulsive force generated by the other two magnets MF1 and MF2, and is positioned inside the tube T between the two magnets MF1 and MF2.

[0087] For example, a coil of 0.25 mm diameter enameled copper wire, Bob, may be wound around the tube T to obtain overall dimensions of 10-25 mm in length and 25 mm in outer diameter. The coil Bob is positioned between the movable magnet MM and one of the two stationary magnets MF1 and MF2, particularly between MM and MF2 in Figure 18. In the embodiment described, the coil Bob is located approximately 7 mm from the end of the stationary movable magnet MM (in particular, the stationary movable magnet MM is located at the center C of the tube T).

[0088] Coil Bob is powered via a square wave pulse with a 50% duty cycle at frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 250 Hz, particularly at approximately 5 Hz.

[0089] The coil can be driven by a 50% duty cycle square wave generated by a solid-state relay that controls an adapter connected to a high-capacitance capacitor (preferably an electrolytic capacitor with two diodes at the output to avoid return effects arising from the motorized coil). Sawtooth or sinusoidal waveforms are also acceptable for driving. Furthermore, waveforms with very narrow and high pulses are preferred.

[0090] Finally, considering the weight increase, it is preferable to use enameled aluminum coils rather than enameled copper coils.

[0091] When the coil is perpendicular to the magnet, the proportion of the effective magnetic field generated by the coil is maximized; therefore, it is preferable for the coil to be perpendicular and not tilted.

[0092] The systems described herein can be used in the aerospace field.

[0093] As an example of an embodiment, consider a 140 mm methacrylate pipe T with an inner diameter of 11 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. At both ends of the pipe T are two "plugs" bonded with a two-component epoxy resin, each having a plastic screw with a 0.75 mm pitch and an adjustment washer. Another methacrylate is bonded to the bottom of the two screws, and a fixed magnet (a neodymium magnet with an axial magnetization of N50 and dimensions: 10 mm in diameter and 17 mm in height) is bonded using the two-component epoxy resin. Then, two magnets are bonded to both ends of the pipe T, with the north and south sides of the magnets fixed at both ends facing each other.

[0094] A third movable magnet, identical to the other two, is positioned in the center of the tube and oriented to repel the other two magnets that "levitate" and hold it in place in the center of the tube.

[0095] Two methacrylate coil support tubes, 15 mm and 25 mm in length and 2 mm in wall thickness respectively, are positioned using two screws and adjustment washers made of plastic material with a pitch of 0.75 mm. The plastic washers are bonded with cyanoacrylate to the ends of the two tubes that allow the coil to slide in order to hold the wound wire coil, and the washers have an outer diameter of 50 mm.

[0096] The coil is wound with enameled copper wire for transformers, with a total diameter of 0.25 mm. The coil is wound to achieve an overall outer diameter equal to 25 mm.

[0097] This device is powered such that, upon ignition of the coils, the central movable magnet is pushed toward the magnet located behind the longer (25mm in length) coil. The two coils are powered in parallel with a 9-volt voltage and a 4.37Hz square wave frequency with a 50% duty cycle. The square wave starts at 0-9 volts. The power supply circuit consists of a prototype phase powered by a 9-volt battery, which generates the square wave using an Arduino Nano connected to an IRF540. In this way, the entire system weighs approximately 90 grams and can replace a 200-gram weight by pressing it linearly on a table.

[0098] Naturally, by applying the appropriate scaling factor, it is possible to create larger systems with higher returns that can be used in different fields and various applications.

[0099] It can be placed inside a satellite mounted on a plate and can move 360° along the horizontal axis and 360° along the vertical axis, allowing the satellite to move in all directions.

[0100] Considering the extremely low cost of materials, the fact that the copper coil "levitates" the central magnet without contacting the tube, and its extremely low power consumption, makes it preferable to other types of motors currently in use. It requires no fuel, only electrical energy which can also be obtained from solar panels, and can reach any distance in space. Arrays of many of this type of system could also be used as motors for spacecraft.

[0101] Such a system, with its constant acceleration, can achieve any velocity in space and can be used for space exploration.

[0102] The system speed can be adjusted by changing the frequency and power supply voltage.

[0103] It is possible to devise a similar system that uses an electric field instead of a magnetic field to generate motion through electrostatic phenomena. Furthermore, the use of a dual-power bifilar coil, where each wire is powered differently in terms of the transmitted amperage, voltage, frequency, and waveform, can be considered, and the two pulses can even be transmitted with opposite polarities. Using a bifilar coil instead of a single-strand coil allows for more precise control of the system's acceleration.

[0104] More generally, it is also possible to devise a coil having three or more wires, each of which is powered in a different way with respect to amperage, voltage, frequency, and waveform.

[0105] Laboratory tests have been conducted using load cells to measure the forces generated by the system within the object. The tests were performed on two different prototypes implementing two different embodiments of the above.

[0106] In particular, Figure 19 shows the time integral of the difference between readings from two load cells used to measure the system's response to supplied power. Given the arrangement of the two load cells, the difference between them provides the sum of the forces measured in the same direction. To obtain the average force measured from the two load cells, divide the difference between the readings by 2.

[0107] The test showed that the system tested generates a greater force in one of two directions along the principal direction.

[0108] Here, we describe the formulas that enable the use of electromagnetically charged linear motors and the underlying theory of this system, in order to configure the system including the electromagnetically charged material to operate along the principal direction.

[0109] The formula for deriving the optimal frequency for the proper operation of a linear motor was obtained by observing that the most promising frequencies are related to the Fibonacci sequence.

[0110] Starting from a theory that can be summarized as the concept of changing the magnetization state of the magnet shown in the figure by one of the two "fixed" magnets, i.e., the magnets located at the end of the motor, and changing how the fixed magnet interacts with the motor's own movable magnet 30 or MM while it is moving, we followed an empirical process.

[0111] Therefore, the solution is to create a maximum over-magnetization delta of the first fixed magnet, for example, 20 or MF1, which results in over-magnetization when the movable magnet 30 or MM is as close as possible, and under-magnetization when the movable magnet 30 or MM is as far away as possible, i.e., near the second fixed magnet 40 or MF2.

[0112] The primary coils, indicated by reference numerals 50, Bob, and Bob1 in the figure, have the advantage, in the simple case of a single-coil motor (see, for example, Figure 18), that when they are off, generate a reverse magnetic field that partially cancels out the “baseline” magnetic field of the previously increased or overmagnetized fixed magnet 20 or MF1.

[0113] More generally, the total magnetic field present in the linear motor should be maximum when the movable magnet 30 or MM interacts with the first fixed magnet 20 or MF1, and minimum or zero when the movable magnet 30 or MM interacts with the second fixed magnet 40 or MF2.

[0114] In the above embodiment where there is no fixed magnet MF, when power is supplied, the coil 50 becomes an electromagnet, and when power is supplied in an impulse manner, it generates a variable and non-uniform field that periodically overmagnetizes and undermagnetizes the movable magnet MM. Since the coil 50 is fixed to the motor body, it can be considered a true "fixed magnet".

[0115] In other embodiments, one or more coils Bob2 to BobN having fewer windings than the main coil 50 or Bob1 are constructively added to slow down the return time of the movable magnet 30 or MM to the equilibrium position, and then give the main coil 50, Bob or Bob1 time to overmagnetize the first fixed magnet 20 or MF1 again.

[0116] Coils Bob1 to BobN, acting as the primary coil 50, also become electromagnets when power is supplied to them. When power is supplied in an impulsive manner, they generate a series of variable and non-uniform fields that periodically over-magnetize and under-magnetize the movable magnet MM. Since the coils are fixed to the motor body, they can be considered true "fixed magnets" MF.

[0117] In the experiment, the simplest pulse waveform, i.e., a square wave, was initially adopted by applying the required pulses. The frequency suitable for linear motor movement was obtained through a square wave generator with a variable duty cycle between 1% and 99%, and the frequency range used was set between 0.01Hz and 1000Hz (with an accuracy of 0.01Hz).

[0118] The system was powered by a low-impedance power supply of 0-30 volts / 0-5 amps.

[0119] A low-impedance power supply of 0-30 volts / 0-5 amps was obtained by placing a large-capacity 22,000pF flash-type electrolytic capacitor in parallel with the adjustable power supply.

[0120] We empirically determined and found a "fundamental" generally effective frequency that appears independent of the motor's geometric configuration parameters, equivalent to 4.37 Hz (50% duty cycle). Then, we began exploring various harmonics and analyzing them.

[0121] Once the fundamental harmonics were identified by multiplying or dividing the fundamental frequency by an integer, the intermediate numbers to be analyzed were determined, the results were checked, and the process proceeded in this manner.

[0122] Numerical ratios appeared to exist between the various frequencies analyzed, and these ratios were found to be generally valid (i.e., theoretically independent of the motor configuration parameters).

[0123] The numerical relationships analyzed led to the following formula for calculating frequency in Hz.

number

[0124] Any frequency Ω, denoted in Hz, can be obtained by multiplying a natural number "A" (preferably not limited to between 1 and 5) by a function "f(N)" that depends on a variable "N" between 1 and 100.

[0125] "f(N)" is one of two different functions depending on whether the selected number "N" is odd or even. 1 (N) and f 2 Includes "(N)".

[0126] The derived function "f(N)" is shown as a function of "N," but to distinguish them and to make their derivation understandable and clear according to standard mathematical forms, we add numbers to the vertices.

[0127] A variable "k", which is any integer, is introduced to define the function "f(N)".

[0128] Therefore, the two derived functions that apply are, if the number "N" is an odd number formally expressed as "2k+1", then "f 1 (N) becomes the function "f 2 The notation "(N)" is used when the number "N" is an even number formally represented as "2k".

[0129] Here, we have a simple linear function "f 1 (N) and f 2 Define "(N)" specifically.

[0130] This function is obtained by multiplying the selected number "N" by the square root of 2, and the result is given a variable "Vc" known as the Vyswanas variable, which is approximately 1.13198824. -1 The result of the product equal to the result of multiplying by is added.

[0131] function "f 1For "(N)", add the result of multiplying 0.005 by the sum of 1 and the smallest integer obtained by dividing "N" by 2.

[0132] For the function "f 2 (N)", subtract the result of multiplying 0.004 by the sum of 1 and the result of dividing "N" by 2.

[0133] Next, each of the two functions "f 1 (N) and f 2 (N)" includes a second correction function that defines and corrects the calling function "g(n)", and this calling function varies depending on whether it is "f 1 (N)" or "f 2 (N)".

Number

[0134] The correction function "g(n)" is inserted to avoid redundancy. In fact, as can be seen from the definitions of "g 1 (n) and g 2 (n)" themselves, both depend on the same function "f(N)" that is inserted.

[0135] The functions "g 1 (n)" and "g 2 (n)" also depend on the variable "n", which is an integer from 0 to 30.

[0136] Therefore, by inserting various values of the three variables "A", "N", and "n" into the function "f(N)" and determining whether to add or subtract the function "g(n)", which is the correction function of "f(N)", various numerical values can be obtained in a linear and simple way.

[0137] For example, when A = 2, N = 3, and n = 3 in the above formula, 8.6 Hz is obtained.

[0138] By arranging the variables A = 1, N = 3, and n = 0, the same can be done for 4.37 Hz.

[0139] The motors described herein can generate thrust on their own when powered by a variable DC pulse generator, repetitive or unbalanced (duty cycle of 10-90%), using any Ω frequency in Hz derived from the above equation.

[0140] Applying these impulses generates a non-zero net thrust that is primarily frequency-dependent, and then dependent on the applied waveform.

[0141] As mentioned above, square waves, sawtooth waves, or half-wave sine waves, or patterns whose amplitude and shape change over time, as long as they are impulsive and at a specified frequency, can be used.

[0142] The change in voltage parameters, primarily and to a lesser extent, primarily and secondarily, can bias the motor in some way and adjust its direction of movement.

[0143] Simply put, all frequencies obtained from the aforementioned formula are valid during movement, but the characteristic configuration parameters of a single motor determine its efficiency and directional response.

[0144] In other words, the same frequency obtained can be used to drive two motors in different ways (for one or more parameters) (one forward and the other backward, or one forward at high speed and the other at low speed).

[0145] The integral thrust of a non-zero thrust, i.e., a force other than zero, can be obtained from the aforementioned equation by applying a frequency. By applying other frequencies, a zero force, and therefore a simple oscillation, is produced, as in the solution described in the previously cited literature.

[0146] At the experimental level, various tests were conducted with motors of three different sizes. For example, a 140mm long apparatus made of transparent methacrylate with three different inner diameter sizes of 11, 16, and 21 mm was used. Magnets were fixed to the ends and bonded to an adjustable support with a two-component epoxy adhesive, and the relative distance between the magnets was varied using plastic screws (1 mm pitch). The magnets were 1 mm smaller than the diameter used. Neodymium magnets with N52 magnetization were used.

[0147] The length of the magnets used was 1.5 to 2 times the diameter of the tube to avoid tipping or reversing inside the tube. The device consisted of a coil placed on a support adjustable by plastic screws, allowing the coil to slide and be positioned along the entire length of the tube.

[0148] Basically, the support for the aforementioned device was constructed by carving and bonding Styrodur C and Styrodur 3035 (a type of polystyrene used in building panels) onto a plastic support with a low friction index, using the flat, smooth sides as low-friction surfaces.

[0149] Using various frequencies and conformations, it was noted that several values ​​recursively appeared regardless of the conformation and motor. Therefore, assuming that a base frequency exists, and that this frequency may produce greater or lesser movements, after many attempts, a value of 4.37 Hz was found.

[0150] By testing various multiples and divisors, we noticed that they all produced displacements.

[0151] Next, several test prototypes were constructed using longer tubes (up to 280 mm) and shorter tubes (up to 70 mm) to similarly test their parameters.

[0152] Finally, we tested various types of lubricants to see if their effects were better observed at lower friction, and found that the frequencies listed in the formula caused the motor to move in one direction or the other. Other frequencies simply generated vibrations by oscillating in place. We also tried using the same frequencies as other waveforms, and those frequencies appeared to work as well.

[0153] All preferred frequencies can be derived from formulas that are of particular interest to frequencies below 100 Hz, because it is easier to obtain motors optimized for those frequencies.

[0154] The inertial mass of an object changes with fluctuations in its magnetic field, and thus fluctuations in inertia can be created. In this way, mass is generated by changing the magnetization of the motor and its components (as described above, in a given time).

[0155] In other words, this "mass" delta generates a change in inertia, allowing the object to move and generate an outward force, in order to generate a first impact with high inertia or "increased mass" and a second impact with "decreased mass".

[0156] Therefore, the fluctuation of mass at precise moments is of paramount importance; otherwise, if those moments are not preserved, it is simply vibration, and no motion is obtained.

[0157] Therefore, the motor can be considered a certain type of variable-mass motor (like a rocket), in which the change in "mass" is generated by the over-magnetization or under-magnetization of the motor itself in relation to a given "impact" or interaction between the magnetic piston and the two buffer magnets (it's worth mentioning the interaction; it doesn't need to collide to interact, but simply repel each other by magnetic repulsion, so it's not an actual impact).

[0158] Finally, it is also possible to devise alternative embodiments in which a gas or plasma is used as the moving mass within the system instead of a movable magnet.

[0159] Naturally, notwithstanding the principles of the present invention, the details of the structure and embodiments may vary widely with respect to those described and illustrated purely as examples, but such variations will not result in a departure from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for a linear motor that generates linear motion, comprising an electromagnetically charged body (30, MM) that moves freely along a principal direction, at least one static magnetic field generator (50, Bob), and at least two buffer elements (20, 40; RM, RM; ML, ML; MA, MA; MF, MF), wherein the movement of the electromagnetically charged body (30, MM) along the principal direction is controlled by the static magnetic field generator (50, Bob) and the buffer elements (20, 40; RM, RM; ML, ML; MA, MA; MF, MF), The static magnetic field generator (50, Bob) makes it possible to obtain an unbalanced thrust in a given direction with respect to the main axis so as to move the entire system in a certain direction. The static magnetic field generator (50, Bob) is powered by alternating current with a power profile whose amplitude and shape change over time, such that it generates a displacement of the system in one of two directions along the principal direction. The forward movement as a unidirectional movement is caused by the mechanical thrust of the electromagnetic charger (30, MM) against the two buffer elements (20, 40; RM, RM; ML, ML; MA, MA; MF, MF), To avoid impact between the electromagnetically charged body (30, MM) and the two buffer elements (20, 40; RM, RM; ML, ML; MA, MA; MF, MF), To prevent wear between the two buffer elements (20, 40; RM, RM; ML, ML; MA, MA; MF, MF) and the electromagnetic charger (30, MM), if the electromagnetic charger (30, MM) and the two buffer elements (20, 40; RM, RM; ML, ML; MA, MA; MF, MF) get too close together, a repulsive force will cause the electromagnetic charger (30, MM) and the two buffer elements (20, 40; RM, RM; ML, ML; MA, MA; MF, MF) to move apart. When the electromagnetic charger (30, MM) and the two buffer elements (20, 40; RM, RM; ML, ML; MA, MA; MF, MF) separate, the static magnetic field generator (50, Bob) is powered such that the repulsive force of the electromagnetic charger (30, MM) decreases. The aforementioned system is given by the following formula: [Math 1] A system for generating linear motion, wherein a bias is supplied to the linear motor having a frequency Ω that can be obtained by the means of the linear motor.

2. A system for generating linear motion according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic charger is a movable magnet (MM) that slides inside a hollow tube (T) closed at two ends (A, B), the two buffer elements are mechanical bumpers (RM, RM) made of an elastic material and positioned at the two ends (A, B) of the hollow tube (T), and the static magnetic field generator is a coil (Bob) that further acts as a fixed magnet (MF).

3. A system for generating linear motion according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic charger is a movable magnet (MM) that slides inside a hollow tube (T) closed at two ends (A, B), the two buffer elements are springs (M1, M1) positioned at the two ends (A, B) of the hollow tube (T), and the static magnetic field generator is a coil (Bob) further acting as a fixed magnet (MF).

4. A system for generating linear motion according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic charger is a movable magnet (MM) that slides inside a hollow tube (T) closed at two ends (A, B), the two buffer elements comprise a system of springs (MA, MA) positioned at the two ends (A, B) of the hollow tube (T) that hold the movable magnet (MM) in an equilibrium position, and the static magnetic field generator is a coil (Bob) that further acts as a fixed magnet (MF).

5. A system for generating linear motion according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic charger is a movable magnet (MM) that slides inside a hollow tube (T) closed at two ends (A, B), the two buffer elements are two fixed magnets (MF, MF) positioned at the two ends (A, B) of the hollow tube (T), the two fixed magnets (MF, MF) are arranged to hold the movable magnet (MM) in an equilibrium position, and the static magnetic field generator is a coil (Bob) further acting as a fixed magnet (MF).

6. A system for generating linear motion according to claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic charger is a movable magnet (MM) that slides on a central pin (PC), the two buffer elements are two fixed magnets (MF, MF) positioned at two ends (A, B) of the central pin (PC), the two fixed magnets (MF, MF) are arranged to hold the movable magnet (MM) in an equilibrium position, and the static magnetic field generator is a coil (Bob) that further acts as a fixed magnet (MF).

7. The system for generating linear motion according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, wherein the static magnetic field generator (50, Bob) comprises a plurality of separately powered coils (Bob1, Bob2, ..., BobN), the coils further acting as fixed magnets (MF).

8. The system for generating linear motion according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, wherein the static magnetic field generator (50, Bob) comprises a plurality of coils (Bob1, Bob2, ..., BobN) that are powered together, and the plurality of coils further act as a fixed magnet (MF).

9. The static magnetic field generator (50, Bob) is powered with a square wave, sinusoidal wave, or sawtooth power profile, in a system for generating linear motion according to one or more of claims 1 to 8.

10. A system for generating linear motion according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, wherein a diamagnetic cover (CD) is present and functions as a "magnetic brake" to decelerate the movement of the electromagnetically charged body (30, MM) during the step of returning to the equilibrium position.

11. A system for generating linear motion according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, wherein a central tube (TC) made of a diamagnetic material is present and functions as a "magnetic brake" to decelerate the movement of the electromagnetically charged body (30, MM) during a step to return to an equilibrium position.

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