Electromechanical devices, and stators for electromechanical devices with improved conductor arrangement of stator windings

Abstract

A stator (5) for an electric machine (1) is identified, in which the electrical conductors (13) of a stator winding (12) are arranged in layers in the stator slots (14) in a radially only stacked manner. Two stator slots (14) arranged next to each other house the electrical conductors (13) of one phase (U, V, W) and are in each case combined to form a block (G). The position occupied by the electrical conductors (13) in said block (G) is described by a row number S and a layer number L, defined by a start position and an increment value. Also identified is an electric machine (1) having such a stator (5), and a vehicle (15) having such an electric machine (1).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a stator for an electric machine, an electric machine having such a stator, and a vehicle having such an electric machine.

Background Art

[0002] A plurality of schemes regarding the arrangement of conductors of a stator winding have been proposed for electric machines. However, while the start points and end points of various winding strings of phases at two ends of the stator are physically arranged close to each other, enabling easy connection to each other, on the other hand, there is no solution that enables flexible mutual connection between phases.

Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to identify an improved stator for an electric machine, an improved electric machine having such a stator, and an improved vehicle having such an electric machine. In particular, it is intended to achieve the above-described characteristics.

[0004] An object of the present invention is a stator for an electric machine, wherein the stator comprises a stator laminated stack having a plurality of stator slots, the stator slots extend parallel to the rotation axis of the electric machine, and in the stator in which a plurality of electrical conductors of a stator winding are arranged in each case in the stator slots, - the electrical conductors are arranged in a radially stacked manner only in a plurality of layers in the stator slots, - two adjacent stator slots accommodate electrical conductors of one phase and are combined in each case to form a block, - blocks of one phase are regularly distributed in the stator laminated stack, - two consecutive blocks of one phase form a pole pair, - blocks of different phases are arranged adjacent to each other, - Each phase is divided into four winding strings, and each winding string has multiple series-connected electrical conductors. - The position occupied by the electrical conductor in the block is described by the row number S and the layer number L, the layers are numbered by the layer number L which increases from the outside inward, and the status lot of the block is numbered by the row number S. - The position that the conductor should continuously occupy in adjacent blocks of the same phase is defined by the starting position and the increment value, the increment value describing the change from one block of the same phase to the next block in the first circumferential direction, - In the table below, patterns a and a' indicate the starting value, and patterns b, b', c, and d indicate the increment value. JPEG0007848235000001.jpg9356-For each phase, the first winding string is described by a first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b' beginning in the first block, and thus a first pole pair is formed, and for each pair of layers in each block, beyond two pairs of layers per block, one pattern sequence d, b, or d, b' is alternately assigned to the first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b' in each case, and for each additional pole pair, one pattern sequence c, d is assigned to one pattern sequence a, b in each case, and one pattern sequence d, b' in each case, and one pattern sequence d, b in each case, - For each phase, the second winding string is described by a second basic pattern sequence a', b', d, b beginning in the first block, and thus the first pole pair is supplemented, and for each pair of layers in each block, beyond two pairs of layers per block, one pattern sequence d, b' or d, b is alternately assigned to the second basic pattern sequence a', b', d, b in each case, and for each additional pole pair, one pattern sequence c, d is assigned to one pattern sequence a', b' in each case, and one pattern sequence d, b in each case, and one pattern sequence d, b' in each case, - For each phase, the third winding string is described by a set of positions to occupy corresponding to the set specified for the first winding string, the set for the third winding string, however, begins with a second block that is shifted in position in the first circumferential direction relative to the first block, - For each phase, the fourth winding string is described by a set of positions to occupy corresponding to the set specified for the second winding string, the set for the fourth winding string, however, begins in a second block that is shifted in position in the first circumferential direction relative to the first block. - The winding string has a start point in the first block and an endpoint at the other open end. Achieved by the status.

[0005] Furthermore, the object of the present invention is achieved by an electromachine having a first bearing plate and a second bearing plate, a stator of the above type disposed between the two bearing plates, and a rotor disposed on the stator, the rotor having a rotor shaft rotatably mounted on the two bearing plates.

[0006] Finally, the objective is to provide a vehicle having at least two axles, of which at least one is driven, wherein the drive is similarly achieved by a vehicle in which at least part, or part in time, is performed by the electromechanical means described above.

[0007] The shortcomings mentioned at the beginning can be overcome by the proposed method. In particular, the following advantages can be obtained: - The starting point for all wound strings in one phase is in the first block. - The endpoints of the first and second winding strings of one phase are located radially outward of a single block. - The endpoints of the third and fourth winding strings of one phase are located radially inward of the block. As a result, the wound strings can be interconnected in multiple ways.

[0008] Herein, we add that during the operation of an electromechanical device, current flows in the same direction through the electrical conductors of adjacent status lots in a single block.

[0009] Further advantageous configurations and applications of the present invention arise from the detailed description, which is considered in conjunction with the dependent claims and drawings.

[0010] It is advantageous that the electrical conductors are formed in pairs by the legs of the U-shaped brackets, and the start and end points of the winding strings are formed in each case by one end of such legs. In this embodiment, one wide U-shaped bracket and one narrow U-shaped bracket arise for each pair of layers. These brackets emerge from the first block in the first and second winding strings, and from the second block in the third and fourth winding strings. All remaining brackets are of medium width. Advantageously, the wide and narrow brackets can be physically nested, one inside the other.

[0011] Furthermore, it is advantageous if, in each case, there is exactly one other block between the aforementioned first blocks of different phases. As a result, the start and end points of all winding strings are located in close physical proximity, so that they can be easily electrically interconnected in different ways, as described below.

[0012] - The start points of the four winding strings of each phase are connected to each other, and the endpoints of all four winding strings of each phase are connected to each other to form a star point, or, - It is advantageous if the endpoints of the four winding strings of each phase are connected to each other, and the start points of the four winding strings of all phases are connected to each other to form a star point. This results in all the interconnected winding strings forming a star point being in a parallel circuit.

[0013] moreover, - The start points of the four winding strings of each phase are each connected to one another, the endpoints of the first and second winding strings of all phases are connected to one another to form a first star point, and the endpoints of the third and fourth winding strings of all phases are connected to one another to form a second star point, or - If the endpoints of the four winding strings of each phase are connected to each other, the start points of the first and second winding strings of all phases are connected to each other to form a first star point, and the start points of the third and fourth winding strings of all phases are connected to each other to form a second star point, It is advantageous. This similarly interconnects them to form two star points, but all the winding strings are in a parallel circuit.

[0014] Furthermore, when the first winding string and the fourth winding string of each phase are connected in series, and the second winding string and the third winding string of each phase are connected in series, - The endpoints of the third winding string and the fourth winding string of all the phases are connected to each other to form a star point, or - If the start points of the first winding string and the second winding string of all phases are connected to each other to form a star point, It is advantageous. In this example, the winding strings are connected in series and parallel in pairs, and all the winding strings connected in series in pairs are interconnected to form a star point.

[0015] Also, when the first winding string and the fourth winding string of each phase are each connected in series, and the second winding string and the third winding string of each phase are each connected in series, and - when the end points of the third winding strings of all the phases are connected to each other to form a first star point, and the end points of the fourth winding strings of all the phases are connected to each other to form a second star point, or - when the start points of the first winding strings of all the phases are connected to each other to form a first star point, and the start points of the second winding strings of all the phases are connected to each other to form a second star point, it is advantageous. In this example, similarly, the winding strings are connected in series and in parallel as pairs, and all the winding strings connected in series as pairs are interconnected to form two star points.

[0016] Finally, when the four winding strings of each phase starting from the first winding string and increasing to the fourth winding string are each connected in series with each other, and - when the end points of the fourth winding strings of all the phases are connected to each other to form a star point, or - when the start points of the first winding strings of all the phases are connected to each other to form a star point, it is advantageous. In this example, the winding strings of each phase are connected in series, and the winding strings connected in series are interconnected to form a star point.

[0017] It is advantageous when the electrical conductor is in the form of a conductor bar. As a result, the conductor bar has two ends. During manufacturing, the conductor bar can be inserted into the stator slot of the stator lamination stack from one side. After insertion, the ends of the conductor bar can be connected to each other. This is particularly carried out by welding.

[0018] It is preferable that the conductor bars are formed in pairs by the legs of the U-shaped brackets. That is, the conductor bars can already be connected before being inserted on one side into the stator slots of the stator lamination stack. When the conductor bars are formed in pairs by the legs of the U-shaped brackets, the ends of the conductor bars to be welded can be arranged on the same side of the stator lamination stack.

[0019] The pattern sequences a, b; d, b; d, b' can each be represented by the U-shaped brackets of the conductor bars. The connections between the pattern sequences can each be made by welding joints between the ends of the conductor bars.

[0020] The conductor bars can be formed from a wire having a rectangular cross-sectional area.

[0021] The stator slots can have eight layers.

[0022] It is advantageous if the endpoints are arranged on the side of the welding joint between the ends of the conductor bars.

[0023] It is advantageous if the start point is arranged on the side of the welding joint between the ends of the conductor bars.

[0024] It is advantageous if the start point is conductively connected to the inverter.

[0025] The above configurations and developments of the present invention can be combined in a desired manner.

[0026] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are shown as examples in the attached schematic drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows a schematically illustrated exemplary electromechanical machine in a half-section. [Figure 2]Figure 2 shows an example of a stator stack for an electromechanical device in a front view. [Figure 3] Figure 3 shows a schematic example of the status lot's layout in a front view. [Figure 4] Figure 4 shows an example of a parallel circuit of all winding strings interconnected to form a star point. [Figure 5] Figure 5 shows an example of a parallel circuit of all winding strings interconnected to form two star points. [Figure 6] Figure 6 shows an example where windings connected in series and parallel as pairs are interconnected with windings connected in series as pairs to form a star point. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows an example where windings connected in series and parallel as pairs are interconnected with windings connected in series as pairs to form two star points. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows an example of a series circuit of wound strings interconnected to form a star point. [Figure 9] Figure 9 shows one possible embodiment of how the illustrated scheme can be extended for a desired number of layers of pairs per block. [Figure 10] Figure 10 shows one possible embodiment of how the illustrated scheme can be extended for a desired number of pairs of poles. [Figure 11] Figure 11 shows an electromechanical device with the proposed type of stator installed in a vehicle. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0028] As a preliminary note, identical parts in different embodiments are given the same reference numeral or component name, with different subscripts as necessary. Accordingly, the disclosure of components included herein may be transferred to other components having the same reference numeral or component name. Furthermore, positional designations selected herein, such as "top," "bottom," "rear," "front," and "side," relate directly to the drawings shown, and should be moved to the new position if there is a change in position.

[0029] Figure 1 shows a schematic half-section of the electric machine 1. The electric machine 1 includes a rotor shaft 2, on which a rotor 3 (not shown in detail here) is seated. The rotor shaft 2 is mounted on the stator 5 by (rolling) bearings 4a and 4b so as to be rotatable about the rotation axis A. Specifically, the first bearing 4a is on the first front bearing plate 6, and the second bearing 4b is on the second rear bearing plate 7. Furthermore, the electric machine 1 includes a central housing section 8 that connects the first front shaft support plate 6 and the second rear bearing plate 7 and houses the stator 5. In this example, the front bearing plate 6, the rear bearing plate 7, and the housing section 8 form the housing 9 of the electric machine 1.

[0030] In this example, the stator 5 has a stator stack 11, that is, a plurality of stator stacks 10 that form the stator body. The stator 5 also has windings 12 arranged in the stator stack 11, which are composed of individual conductor bars 13 whose ends are connected to each other and are particularly welded.

[0031] Figure 2 shows an example of a stator stack 11 of an electromachine 1 in a front view. Conductor bars 13 of the stator winding 12 occupy a portion of the stator rod 14. In particular, the following features of the proposed stator 5 can be seen in Figure 2. - The electrical conductors 13 are arranged in multiple layers in the status lot 14, stacked only in the radial direction (i.e., the electrical conductors are not arranged adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction within the status lot 14). - Two adjacent status rods 14 accommodate one phase U, V, and W electrical conductor 13, and in each case, they are combined to form a block G. - Blocks G of phases U, V, and W are regularly distributed and arranged in the stator stack 11. - Two consecutive blocks G of a single phase U, V, and W form pole pairs. - Blocks G of different phases U, V, and W are arranged adjacent to each other.

[0032] Figure 3 shows a schematic deployment example of the status lot 14 in a front view. In this example, the status lot 14 is denoted by the status lot number SN. As shown in the figure, the exemplary stator 5 has 48 status lots 14. In the case of phase PH, in addition to the letter for each phase, the associated polarity is also specified. Therefore, "U+" is designated for the positive U phase, and "U-" is designated for the negative U phase. The same applies to subsequent phases. Furthermore, in Figure 3, the layers are indicated as L1...L4. Therefore, the exemplary stator 5 has four layers L1...L4 for each status lot 14.

[0033] The hatched rectangles identify the positions of the electrical conductors 13 in the status lot 14 in each case. The connecting lines indicate which electrical conductors 13 are connected to each other. Here, continuous connecting lines indicate electrical connections on the first end side of the stator 5, and dashed connecting lines indicate electrical connections on the second end side of the stator 5. In Figure 4, schemes for how the electrical conductors 13 are arranged in the status lot 14 are identified for four strings P1...P4. Here, the top scheme is assigned to string P1, the second scheme to string P2, the third scheme to string P3, and the bottom scheme to string P4. Each phase U, V, and W is divided into four winding strings P1...P4, and each winding string has multiple series-connected electrical conductors 13. A representative scheme for phase U in Figure 2 is shown. However, the schemes for phases V and W are the same, only their circumferential positions are shifted.

[0034] The arrangement of the electrical conductors 13 is as follows: - In block G, the position occupied by the electrical conductor 13 is described by the row number S and the layer number L, the layers are numbered by the layer number L which increases from the outside to the inside, and the status lot 14 of block G is numbered by the row number S. - The positions that the conductor 13 should continuously occupy in adjacent blocks G of the same phase U, V, and W are defined by the starting position and the increment value. The increment value describes the change from one block G of the same phase U, V, and W to the next block G in the first circumferential direction. - In this example, patterns a and a' in the following table represent the starting value, and patterns b, b', c, and d represent the increment value. JPEG0007848235000002.jpg9356 For each phase U, V, and W, a first winding string P1 is described by a first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b' beginning in a first block G, thus forming a first pole pair, and for each pair of layers in each block G, beyond two pairs of layers per block G, one pattern sequence d, b, or d, b' is alternately assigned to the first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b' in each case, and for each additional pole pair, one pattern sequence c, d is assigned to one pattern sequence a, b in each case, and one pattern sequence d, b' in each case, and one pattern sequence d, b in each case.

[0035] In specific examples, this means the following: The first winding string P1 begins in block G, indicated by status lot 14, which has status lot numbers SN=13 and SN=14. Considering block G separately, status lot number SN=13 corresponds to column number S=1, and status lot number SN=14 corresponds to column number S=2. Layer number L=1 corresponds to layer L1. For pattern a, this means that the electrical conductor 13 occupies the position with column number S=2, which corresponds to status lot number SN=14, and the position with layer number L=1, which corresponds to layer L1. The corresponding positions are indicated by hatching in Figure 3.

[0036] In the illustrated example, the wound strings P1...P4 have four layers L1...L4 for each block G, and therefore two pairs of layers and four pole pairs for each block G. Thus, the following scheme is obtained. Here, for clarity, pattern sequences a and b are combined to form pattern pair A, pattern sequences d and b are combined to form pattern pair B, and pattern sequences c and d are combined to form pattern pair C. JPEG0007848235000003.jpg224118

[0037] In the right-hand region of the table, the increment values ​​are solved and the absolute positions are entered. In this example, it should be considered that the number "6" must be further subtracted due to the blocks for phases V and W that lie between block G for phase U, and the number "48" is added to the negative value.

[0038] The second winding string P2 is formed in a very similar manner. Specifically, the second winding string P2 is described by a second basic pattern sequence a', b', d, b beginning in the first block G, and so the first pole pair is supplemented, and for each pair of layers in each block G, beyond two pairs of layers per block G, one pattern sequence d, b' or d, b is alternately assigned in each case to the second basic pattern sequence a', b', d, b, and for each additional pole pair, one pattern sequence c, d is assigned in each case to one pattern sequence a', b', and one pattern sequence d, b, and one pattern sequence d, b'.

[0039] In this specific example, the second winding string P2 also starts in block G, indicated by status lot 14, which has status lot numbers SN=13 and SN=14. In this example, for clarity, pattern sequences a' and b' are combined to form pattern pair A', pattern sequences d and b are combined to form pattern pair B', and pattern sequences c and d are similarly combined to form pattern pair C. In the right-hand region of the table, the increment values ​​are solved and the absolute positions are entered. JPEG0007848235000004.jpg223117

[0040] The third winding string P3 is described by a set of positions to occupy corresponding to the set specified for the first winding string P1, the set for the third winding string P3, however, begins in a second block G that is shifted in position in the first circumferential direction relative to the first block G. Specifically, the third winding string P3 thus begins in a block G indicated by status lot 14 having status lot numbers SN=7 and SN=8.

[0041] Finally, the fourth winding string P4 is described by a set of positions to occupy corresponding to the set specified for the second winding string P2, the set for the fourth winding string P4, however, begins in the second block G, which is shifted in position in the first circumferential direction relative to the first block G. Specifically, the fourth winding string P4 thus begins in the block G indicated by status lot 14 having status lot numbers SN=7 and SN=8.

[0042] Generally, each wound string P1…P4 has a start point in the first block G and an endpoint at the other open end. This is visualized at the top of the table in Figure 3, where the start point is indicated by "X" and the endpoint by "O". It is also clear from this table that the start point X and endpoint O of each wound string P1…P4 are physically close to each other. Very generally, the proposed scheme offers the following advantages: - The starting point X of all wound strings P1…P2 in one phase is located in the first block G. - The endpoints O of the first winding string P1 and the second winding string P2 of one phase U, V, and W are located radially outward of one block G. - The endpoints O of the third winding string P3 and the fourth winding string P4 of one phase U, V, W are located radially inward of block G. As a result, wound strings can be interconnected in multiple ways without involving numerous complex interconnections.

[0043] Furthermore, it is advantageous that the conductor 13 is formed in pairs by the legs of the U-shaped brackets, and the start point X and endpoint O of the winding strings P1...P4 are formed in each case by one end of such legs. In this modified embodiment, one wide U-shaped bracket and one narrow U-shaped bracket arise for each pair of layers. These brackets emerge from the first block G in the first winding string P1 and the second winding string P2, and from the second block G in the third winding string P3 and the fourth winding string P4. All remaining brackets have a medium width. Advantageously, the wide bracket and the narrow bracket can be physically nested, one inside the other.

[0044] It is even more advantageous if, in each case, there is exactly one other block G between the first block G of different phases U, V, and W. As a result, the start points X and endpoints O of all winding strings P1…P4 are located in close proximity, so they can be easily electrically interconnected in different ways.

[0045] Examples of electrical connections for wound strings P1...P4 are shown in Figures 4 to 8.

[0046] Figure 4 shows an example where the start points X of the four winding strings P1...P4 for each phase U, V, and W are connected to each other in each case, and the endpoints O of all four winding strings P1...P4 for each phase U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a star point. Similarly, it may also be possible that the endpoints O of the four winding strings P1...P4 for each phase U, V, and W are each connected to each other, and the start points X of all four winding strings P1...P4 for each phase U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a star point. In either case, all winding strings P1...P4 that are interconnected to form a star point result in a parallel circuit.

[0047] Figure 5 shows an example in which the start points X of the four winding strings P1...P4 of each phase U, V, and W are connected to each other, the endpoints O of the first winding string P1 and the second winding string P2 of all phases U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a first star point, and the endpoints O of the third winding string P3 and the fourth winding string P4 of all phases U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a second star point. Similarly, it may also be possible that the endpoints O of the four winding strings P1...P4 of each phase U, V, and W are connected to each other, the start points X of the first winding string P1 and the second winding string P2 of all phases U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a first star point, and the start points X of the third winding string P3 and the fourth winding string P4 of all phases U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a second star point. Similarly, in either case, all the winding strings P1...P4 that are interconnected and form a star point will end up in a parallel circuit.

[0048] Figure 6 shows an example in which the first winding string P1 and the fourth winding string P4 of each phase U, V, and W are connected in series, the second winding string P2 and the third winding string P3 of each phase U, V, and W are connected in series, and the endpoints O of all the third winding strings P3 and the fourth winding string P4 of each phase U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a star point, or the start points X of all the first winding strings P1 and the second winding string P2 of each phase U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a star point. In this example, the winding strings P1...P4 are connected in series and in parallel as pairs, and all the series-connected pairs of winding strings P1...P4 are interconnected to form a star point.

[0049] Figure 7 shows an example in which the first winding string P1 and the fourth winding string P4 of each phase U, V, and W are connected in series, the second winding string P2 and the third winding string P3 of each phase U, V, and W are connected in series, the endpoints O of all the third winding strings P3 of each phase U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a first star point, the endpoints O of all the fourth winding strings P4 of each phase U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a second star point, or the start points X of all the first winding strings P1 of each phase U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a first star point, and the start points X of all the second winding strings P2 of each phase U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a second star point. In this example, similarly, the winding strings P1...P4 are connected in series and parallel as pairs, but all the winding strings P1...P4 connected in series as pairs are interconnected to form two star points.

[0050] Finally, Figure 8 shows an example in which the four winding strings P1...P4 for each phase U, V, and W, starting with the first winding string P1 and increasing to the fourth winding string P4, are each connected in series with each other, and the endpoints O of all the fourth winding strings P4 for phases U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a star point, or the starting points X of all the first winding strings P1 for phases U, V, and W are connected to each other to form a star point. In this example, the winding strings P1...P4 for each phase are connected in series, and the series-connected winding strings P1...P4 are interconnected to form a star point.

[0051] Figure 9 shows a schematic diagram of how the illustrated scheme can be extended for a desired number of layers per block G. From Figure 9, it can be seen that the pattern continues in pairs of layers, starting from the basic pattern sequence.

[0052] Figure 10 shows a schematic diagram illustrating how the illustrated scheme can be extended for a desired number of pairs of poles. In this example, additional pattern sequences are inserted between the basic pattern sequences.

[0053] In relation to Figures 9 and 10, the following table shows a scheme for an exemplary stator 5 having four pairs of layers and four pairs of poles. JPEG0007848235000005.jpg24693

[0054] Finally, Figure 11 shows the electromechanism 1 installed on the vehicle 15. The vehicle 15 has at least two axles, at least one of which is driven. Specifically, the electromechanism 1 is connected to a gear 16, which may also function as a differential gear. A half-shaft 17 of the rear axle is adjacent to the gear 16. Finally, a drive wheel 18 is mounted on the half-shaft 17. The drive of the vehicle 15 is performed at least partially, or at least partially, by the electromechanism 1. This means that the electromechanism 1 may function as the sole drive unit of the vehicle 15, or it may be provided in conjunction with, for example, an internal combustion engine (hybrid drive).

[0055] Finally, it should be noted that the scope of protection is determined by the claims. However, the specification and drawings should be used to interpret the claims. Features included in the drawings may be interchanged or combined with each other as desired. In particular, it should be noted that the illustrated apparatus may actually have more or fewer components than those shown. In some examples, the illustrated apparatus or its components may be drawn not to scale, and / or at enlarged and / or reduced scales.

Claims

1. A stator (5) for an electric machine (1), wherein the stator (5) comprises a stator stack (11) having a plurality of stator rods (14), the stator rods (14) extending parallel to the axis of rotation (z) of the electric machine (1), and each of the plurality of stator rods (14) has a plurality of electrical conductors (13) of a stator winding (12) arranged therein, - The electrical conductor (13) is stacked radially only in multiple layers on the status rod (14), - Two adjacent status rods (14) are arranged to house one phase (U, V, W) electrical conductor (13) and are combined to form a block (G). - A block (G) of one phase (U, V, W) is regularly distributed in the stator stack (11), - Two consecutive blocks (G) of one phase (U, V, W) form pole pairs. - Blocks (G) of different phases (U, V, W) are placed adjacent to each other. - Each phase (U, V, W) is divided into four winding strings (P1...P4), and each winding string has multiple series-connected electrical conductors (13). In stata (5), - The layers of the block (G) are numbered by layer numbers L which increase from the outside inward, and the status lots (14) of the block (G) are numbered by column numbers S. - The position that the conductor (13) should continuously occupy in adjacent blocks (G) of the same phase (U, V, W) is defined by the starting position, the number of the plurality of status lots (14) forming the three groups (G) of the three phases (U, V, W), and the increment value, wherein the increment value is a value indicating the change in the layer number L of the next block (G) relative to the layer number L of one block (G) of the same phase (U, V, W) in the first circumferential direction, or a value indicating the change in the difference in the row number S between one block (G) of the same phase (U, V, W) and the next block (G) in the first circumferential direction, relative to the number of the plurality of status lots (14) forming the three groups (G) of the three phases (U, V, W). - In the table below, patterns a and a' represent the starting value, and patterns b, b', c, and d represent the increment value. - For each phase (U, V, W), a first winding string (P1) is arranged in a first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b' starting in a first block (G), thus forming a first pole pair. For each pair of layers in each block (G), beyond two pairs of layers per block (G), one pattern sequence d, b, or d, b' is alternately assigned to the first basic pattern sequence a, b, d, b', and for each additional pole pair, at least one pattern sequence c, d is assigned to one pattern sequence a, b, one pattern sequence d, b', and one pattern sequence d, b. - For each phase (U, V, W), a second winding string (P2) is arranged in a second basic pattern sequence a', b', d, b starting in the first block (G), and for each pair of layers in each block (G) beyond two pairs of layers per block (G), one pattern sequence d, b', or d, b is alternately assigned to the second basic pattern sequence a', b', d, b, and for each additional pole pair, at least one pattern sequence c, d is assigned to one pattern sequence a', b', one pattern sequence d, b, and one pattern sequence d, b'. - For each phase (U, V, W), the third winding string (P3) is positioned in a set of positions corresponding to a set designated for the first winding string (P1), the set for the third winding string (P3), however, begins in a second block (G) which is shifted in position in the first circumferential direction relative to the first block (G), For each phase (U, V, W), the fourth winding string (P4) is positioned in a set of positions corresponding to a set designated for the second winding string (P2), the set for the fourth winding string (P4), however, begins in the second block (G) which is shifted in position in the first circumferential direction relative to the first block (G), - The winding string (P1...P4) has a start point (X) in the first block (G) and an endpoint (O) at the other open end. A stator (5) characterized by the following:

2. The electrical conductor (13) is formed in pairs by the legs of the U-shaped support member, and the start point (X) and end point (O) of the winding string (P1...P4) are formed by one end of the legs. The stator (5) according to feature 1.

3. There is exactly one other block (G) between the first block (G) of different phases (U, V, W), The stator (5) according to feature 1.

4. - The start points (X) of the four winding strings (P1...P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are each connected to one another, and the endpoints (O) of all the four winding strings (P1...P4) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to one another to form a star point, or - The endpoints (O) of the four winding strings (P1...P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are connected to each other, and the start points (X) of all the four winding strings (P1...P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are connected to each other to form a star point. The stator (5) according to feature 1.

5. - The start points (X) of the four winding strings (P1...P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are each connected to one another, the endpoints (O) of the first winding string (P1) and the second winding string (P2) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to one another to form a first star point, and the endpoints (O) of the third winding string (P3) and the fourth winding string (P4) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to one another to form a second star point, or, - The endpoints (O) of the four winding strings (P1...P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are each connected to one another, the start points (X) of the first winding string (P1) and the second winding string (P2) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to one another to form a first star point, and the start points (X) of the third winding string (P3) and the fourth winding string (P4) of all phases (U, V, W) are connected to one another to form a second star point. The stator (5) according to feature 1.

6. The first winding string (P1) and the fourth winding string (P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are connected in series, and the second winding string (P2) and the third winding string (P3) of each phase (U, V, W) are connected in series. - The endpoints (O) of the third winding string (P3) and the fourth winding string (P4) of all the phases (U, V, W) are connected to each other to form a star point, or - The start points (X) of the first winding string (P1) and the second winding string (P2) of all the phases (U, V, W) are connected to each other to form a star point. The stator (5) according to feature 1.

7. The first winding string (P1) and the fourth winding string (P4) of each phase (U, V, W) are connected in series, and the second winding string (P2) and the third winding string (P3) of each phase (U, V, W) are connected in series. - The endpoints (O) of the third winding string (P3) of all the phases (U, V, W) are connected to each other to form a first star point, and the endpoints (O) of the fourth winding string (P4) of all the phases (U, V, W) are connected to each other to form a second star point, or - The start points (X) of the first winding string (P1) of all the phases (U, V, W) are connected to each other to form a first star point, and the start points (X) of the second winding string (P2) of all the phases (U, V, W) are connected to each other to form a second star point. The stator (5) according to feature 1.

8. The four winding strings (P1...P4) for each phase (U, V, W), starting with the first winding string (P1) and increasing up to the fourth winding string (P4), are each connected in series with one another. - The endpoints (O) of the fourth winding string (P4) of all the phases (U, V, W) are connected to each other to form a star point, or - The start points (X) of the first winding string (P1) of all the phases (U, V, W) are connected to each other to form a star point. The stator (5) according to feature 1.

9. The aforementioned electrical conductor (13) is in the form of a conductor bar. The stator (5) according to feature 1.

10. The pattern sequences a, b; d, b; d, b' are each represented by the U-shaped support members of the conductor bar. The stator (5) according to feature 9.

11. The connections between the pattern sequences are each made by welding the ends of the conductor bars. The stator (5) according to the feature described in 10.

12. The conductor bar has a rectangular cross-sectional area, The stator (5) according to feature 9.

13. The aforementioned status lot has eight layers, The stator (5) according to feature 1.

14. - First bearing plate (6) and second bearing plate (7), - The stator (5) according to claim 1, which is positioned between the two bearing plates (6, 7), - A rotor (3) arranged on the stator (5), having a rotor shaft (2) rotatably mounted on two bearing plates (6, 7), An electrical machine characterized by the following (1).

15. A vehicle (15) having at least two axles, of which at least one is driven, wherein the driving is performed at least in part, or in part over time, by the electric machine (1) described in claim 14.

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