Control device, control method, and program

Abstract

To ensure the procurement of power over a relatively long period of time in a case where only the discharge side power is procured through a power grid.SOLUTION: A controller is provided with: planning means that generates a plan by performing a solution search for a charge / discharge watt-hours of a storage battery in an energy management service so as to satisfy constraints including a relationship in which a residual quantity at an end of a certain time interval can be obtained by causing a predicted value of charge / discharge watt-hours during the time interval in an adjustability-providing service and a planned value of the charge / discharge watt-hours during the time interval in the energy management service to be reflected in a residual quantity of the storage battery at a beginning of the time interval and an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the residual quantity of the storage battery, and so as to further improve an evaluation indicated by an objective function that indicates the evaluation for a goal in the energy management service; and control means that allows the storage battery to be charged / discharged according to the generated plan.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to a control device, a control method, and a program. [Background technology]

[0002] In some cases, electricity is supplied to the power grid from storage batteries owned by consumers (electricity consumers). For example, Patent Document 1 describes how a consumer's energy management device can formulate an operation plan that includes the procurement of adjustment power through demand response, etc., in the operation plan of the battery storage system of the consumer's electric vehicle.

[0003] Furthermore, when planning the charging and discharging of storage batteries, electricity demand forecasts are also made. Patent Document 2 describes charging a storage facility with surplus power obtained by subtracting the demanded power from the power generated by a solar power generation facility, and estimating the forecast error of the demand forecast value and determining the planning period using the worst-case conditions assumed from the forecast error. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-052529 [Patent Document 2] International Publication No. 2014 / 208059 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0005] When electricity is supplied to the power grid from a customer's battery storage system, sometimes only the discharged power is supplied. In such cases, it is desirable to be able to supply electricity for a relatively long period of time.

[0006] One example of the object of the present invention is to provide a control device, a control method, and a program that can solve the above-mentioned problems. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the control device includes a planning means for generating a plan for the charge and discharge amounts of the battery in the energy management service, by reflecting the predicted value of the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the time period in a power grid stabilization adjustment service and the planned value of the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the time period in an energy management service using the battery in the remaining charge amount of the battery to be planned at the start of a certain time period, constraint conditions including an upper limit and a lower limit of the remaining charge amount of the battery, and an objective function that shows the evaluation against the target in the energy management service, and then performing a solution search for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service so as to satisfy the constraint conditions and improve the evaluation shown by the objective function, and a control means for causing the battery to charge and discharge according to the generated plan.

[0008] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the control method includes a computer that, at the start of a certain time interval, reflects a predicted value of the amount of charge and discharge power for that time interval in a power grid stabilization adjustment service and a planned value of the amount of charge and discharge power for that time interval in an energy management service using the battery in the remaining charge of the battery to be planned, thereby obtaining the remaining charge of the battery at the end of that time interval; constraints including an upper and lower limit of the remaining charge of the battery; and an objective function indicating an evaluation against the target in the energy management service, and then performs a solution search for the amount of charge and discharge of the battery in the energy management service so as to satisfy the constraints and improve the evaluation indicated by the objective function, thereby generating a plan for the amount of charge and discharge of the battery in the energy management service, and causing the battery to charge and discharge according to the generated plan.

[0009] According to a third aspect of the present invention, the program causes a computer to perform the following actions: generate a plan for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service; and cause the battery to perform charge and discharge operations according to the generated plan. The program is configured to perform these actions by: a relationship in which the remaining charge amount of a battery to be planned at the start of a certain time interval can be obtained by reflecting the predicted value of the charge and discharge amount of power in a power grid stabilization adjustment service for that time interval and the planned value of the charge and discharge amount of power in an energy management service using the battery for that time interval in the remaining charge amount of the battery; constraints including an upper limit and a lower limit for the remaining charge amount of the battery; and an objective function indicating an evaluation against the target in the energy management service. The program is configured to perform these actions by: finding a solution for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service in such a way that the constraints are satisfied and the evaluation indicated by the objective function is improved; and causing the battery to perform charge and discharge operations according to the generated plan. [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] According to the present invention, when electricity is procured in the power grid, if only the power for the discharge side is procured, it is possible to cope with the procurement of electricity over a relatively long period of time. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0011] [Figure 1] This is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a power system according to the embodiment. [Figure 2] This figure shows an example of the configuration of a higher-level control device according to the embodiment. [Figure 3] This figure shows an example of a parameter whose value is set by the setting unit according to the embodiment. [Figure 4] This figure shows an example of the configuration of a control device according to the embodiment. [Figure 5] This figure shows an example of the processing procedure in the control method according to the embodiment. [Figure 6] This is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a computer according to at least one embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] The following describes embodiments of the present invention, but these embodiments are not intended to limit the invention as defined in the claims. Furthermore, not all combinations of features described in the embodiments are necessarily essential to the solution of the invention. Figure 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a power system according to an embodiment. In the configuration shown in Figure 1, the power system 1 comprises a central power supply command system 11, a higher-level first gateway device 21, a higher-level control device 22, a higher-level second gateway device 23, a power grid 30, a customer-installed system 50, and a large-scale energy storage system 70.

[0013] The customer-installed system 50 comprises a distribution board 51, an AC end-side measuring instrument 52, a power load 53, a photovoltaic (PV) power generation system 54, and an energy storage system 60. The energy storage system 60 comprises a downstream gateway device 61, a downstream control device 62, a power conditioning subsystem (PCS) 63, and a battery 65. The power conditioning subsystem 63 comprises an AC / DC converter 64.

[0014] The large-scale energy storage system 70 comprises a lower-level control device 71, an AC end-side measuring instrument 72, a power conditioning system 73, and a large-scale battery 75. The power conditioning system 73 includes an AC / DC converter 74. The AC end-side measuring instrument 72 can also be considered as a grid connection point measuring instrument. Furthermore, in Figure 1, the communication path is shown with a dashed line, and the power path is shown with a solid line. In Figure 1, the lower-side gateway device 61 and the lower-side control device 62 also consume power, but they are powered in a configuration that does not disturb the AC side (AC end side measuring instrument 52 side) output of the energy storage system 60.

[0015] The central power dispatch system 11 is located in the central power dispatch center of the power transmission and distribution operator and controls the balance of power supply and demand in the power grid 30. The central power dispatch system 11 also requests the higher-level control device to provide ancillary services to stabilize the power grid 30 by discharging or charging storage batteries installed by power consumers, etc. In the example in Figure 1, storage battery 65 and large storage battery 75 are examples of storage batteries used for ancillary services. Power consumers are also simply referred to as consumers. The power grid 30 is used for the transmission and distribution of commercial power under the monitoring and control of the power transmission and distribution operator.

[0016] The upper-level first gateway device 21 mediates communication between the central power supply command system 11 and the upper-level control device 22. The higher-level control device 22 charges and discharges the batteries installed by consumers, etc., in response to requests from the central power dispatch command system 11. By consolidating the charging and discharging of batteries installed by multiple consumers, etc., the higher-level control device 22 can provide a relatively large capacity of adjustment power.

[0017] The upper-level second gateway device 23 mediates communication between the upper-level control device 22 and the control device installed at the customer's premises. In the example in Figure 1, the lower-level control devices 62 and 71 correspond to examples of control devices installed at the customer's premises. The lower-level control device 62 cooperates with the power conditioning system 63 to control the charging and discharging of the battery 65. Alternatively, the lower-level gateway device 61 may have a function, or part thereof, to control the battery 65 in cooperation with the power conditioning system 63. In this case, the lower-level gateway device 61 also corresponds to an example of a control device installed at the customer's premises. The lower-level control device 71 cooperates with the power conditioning system 73 to control the charging and discharging of the large battery 75.

[0018] The upstream first gateway device 21, the upstream control device 22, and the upstream second gateway device 23 are installed in the aggregator's facilities. The aggregator, in this context, is a business that provides an ancillary service to power transmission and distribution companies by aggregating the charging and discharging of batteries owned by multiple consumers, etc.

[0019] The aggregator may be structured hierarchically, such as by being composed of a Resource Aggregator (RA) and an Aggregation Coordinator (AC). The Resource Aggregator coordinates the charging and discharging of batteries owned by multiple consumers. The Aggregation Coordinator further coordinates the charging and discharging power provision services that the Resource Aggregator has coordinated for multiple consumers, and provides these services to the transmission and distribution company by coordinating across multiple resource aggregators. In this case, each of the tiered aggregation service providers may have a higher-level control device 22, so the higher-level control devices 22 may be arranged hierarchically.

[0020] The customer-installed system 50 is a system consisting of a combination of power equipment and power loads installed at a single customer, and a control device that controls those power equipment and power loads. The distribution board 51 is located on the customer-installed system 50 side of the interconnection point between the power grid 30 and the customer-installed system 50, and mediates the exchange of electricity between the power grid 30 and each piece of equipment in the customer-installed system 50. For example, during forward power flow in the distribution board 51, the distribution board 51 distributes the electricity (commercial power) supplied from the power grid 30 to each piece of equipment in the customer-installed system 50.

[0021] The AC end-side measuring instrument 52 is installed on the AC end side of the power conditioning system 63 and measures the power or energy per unit time at the AC end side of the power conditioning system 63. Alternatively, instead of the AC end-side measuring instrument 52, the power conditioning system 63 may measure the power or energy per unit time at its own AC end side. The power may be expressed in the form of energy per unit of time. Alternatively, the energy may be expressed in the form of the cumulative power over a predetermined period of time. In addition, electrical energy is sometimes referred to as power.

[0022] Power load 53 is a general term for devices that consume electricity. The number of devices that make up power load 53 is not limited to a specific number. Furthermore, the types of devices that make up power load 53 are not limited to a specific type. The solar power generation system 54 generates electricity by receiving sunlight and outputs alternating current power. The energy storage system 60 is a system consisting of a battery 65 and a configuration that controls the charging and discharging of the battery 65.

[0023] The lower-side gateway device 61 mediates communication between the upper-side control device 22 and the lower-side control device 62. As described above, the lower-side gateway device 61 may have a function, or part thereof, of controlling the charging and discharging of the battery 65 in cooperation with the power conditioning system 63. The lower-level control unit 62 works in cooperation with the power conditioning system 63 to control the charging and discharging of the battery 65. For example, the lower-level control unit 62 instructs the power conditioning system 63 to charge, discharge, or stop charging and discharging the battery 65, and the power conditioning system 63, in accordance with the instructions of the lower-level control unit 62, causes the battery 65 to charge or discharge, or stops charging and discharging the battery 65. The lower-level control unit 62 controls the charging and discharging of the storage battery 65, in particular, in response to instructions or requests from the higher-level control unit 22.

[0024] The power conditioning system 63 converts alternating current (AC) power to direct current (DC) power using an AC / DC converter 64. When charging the battery 65, the power conditioning system 63 converts the AC power from the distribution board 51 to DC power and supplies it to the battery 65. When discharging the battery 65, the power conditioning system 63 converts the DC power from the battery 65 to AC power and supplies it to the distribution board 51. Furthermore, as described above, the power conditioning system 63 cooperates with the lower-level control device 62 to control the charging and discharging of the storage battery 65.

[0025] The output terminal of the power conditioning system 63 that outputs alternating current power is also called the AC terminal. The side of the power conditioning system 63 that outputs the AC terminal is also called the AC side. The output terminal of the power conditioning system 63 that outputs direct current power is also called the DC terminal. The side of the power conditioning system 63 that outputs the DC terminal is also called the DC side. Any two of the lower gateway device 61, the lower control device 62, and the power conditioning system 63, or any three of these, may be combined to form a single device.

[0026] The configuration of the customer-installed system 50 is not limited to the configuration shown in Figure 1, and can be various configurations that include a storage battery and a mechanism for controlling the charging and discharging of that storage battery. For example, the customer-installed system 50 does not have to include a solar power generation system 54. Furthermore, the configuration of the customer-installed system 50 may differ depending on the customer.

[0027] The large-scale energy storage system 70 provides a charging and discharging function for stabilizing the power grid 30. In the large-scale energy storage system 70, the lower-level control device 71 cooperates with the power conditioning system 73 to control the charging and discharging of the large-scale battery 75 in response to instructions or requests from the higher-level control device 22. Alternatively, the lower-level control device 71 and the power conditioning system 73 may be combined and configured as a single device. In that case, the lower-level control device 71 performs the conversion of DC power and AC power between the power grid 30 and the large-scale battery 75. In the following, a customer-installed system 50 is shown as a system that provides adjustment capabilities, but a large-scale energy storage system 70 may also be included as a system that provides adjustment capabilities.

[0028] Figure 2 shows an example of the configuration of the higher-level control device 22. In the configuration shown in Figure 2, the higher-level control device 22 comprises a power adjustment service processing unit 110, an energy management service processing unit 120, a control command unit 130, and a communication unit 140. The energy management service processing unit 120 comprises a setting unit 121 and a planning unit 122.

[0029] The higher-level control unit 22 determines the charge and discharge amount of the battery 65 and requests the lower-level control unit 62 to charge and discharge the battery 65 according to the determined charge and discharge amount. In this way, the higher-level control unit 22 controls the charging and discharging of the battery 65. The higher-level control unit 22 is an example of a control unit. When the upper-level control device 22 instructs the lower-level control device 62 on the amount of charging and discharging of the storage battery 65, it may indicate the amount of charging and discharging in the form of power, or it may indicate it in the form of energy per predetermined time.

[0030] The higher-level control device 22 determines the charge and discharge amounts of the battery 65, in particular, based on simultaneous multi-use, which allows for the simultaneous execution of ancillary services and energy management services. Ancillary services are services that adjust the balance of electricity supply and demand between the power output of power plants connected to the power grid and the electricity consumption of consumer equipment connected to the power grid, in order to stabilize the power grid. This adjustment of the supply and demand balance, or the electricity that is adjusted, is also called adjustment power. Energy management services are services that adjust the supply and demand of electricity at a customer's facilities based on a predetermined objective, such as improving the efficiency of electricity use.

[0031] In the following, the ancillary service described will also be referred to as the adjustment power provision service. The charging and discharging for the adjustment power provision service will also be referred to as adjustment power provision or charging and discharging for adjustment power. The charging and discharging power for the adjustment power provision service will also be referred to as the adjustment power provision amount.

[0032] Charging for energy management services is also referred to as energy management-oriented charging. Discharging for energy management services is also referred to as energy management-oriented discharging. Charging and discharging for energy management services is also referred to as energy management-oriented charging and discharging.

[0033] The power adjustment service processing unit 110 plans the power adjustment service. Furthermore, when the power adjustment service is implemented, the power adjustment service processing unit 110 determines the charge / discharge amount of the battery 65 for each customer-installed system 50 and instructs the customer-installed system 50 to charge / discharge the battery 65 via the control command unit 130. The process of planning is also referred to as generating a plan or simply planning. In the adjustment capacity provision service, the aggregator creates a customer list pattern, which is a list of customers participating in the adjustment capacity provision service. Agreements for the adjustment capacity provision service are made in predetermined time units called product blocks, and in units of customer list patterns. The time length of a product block is not limited to a specific one. For example, a product block may be set to 3-hour units, but is not limited to this.

[0034] During the planning stage, the adjustment power provision service processing unit 110 allocates the amount of electricity indicated as the amount of adjustment power available as agreed in the adjustment power provision service to the customer-installed systems 50 of the customers indicated in the agreed customer list pattern. Specifically, the adjustment power provision service processing unit 110 determines the amount of electricity available for charging and discharging each battery 65 such that the sum of the electricity available for charging and discharging of the batteries 65 of the customer-installed systems 50 of the customers indicated in the agreed customer list pattern is equal to the amount of electricity indicated as the amount of adjustment power available as agreed in the adjustment power provision service.

[0035] In a power adjustment service, only one of either forward power flow power (discharge power) or reverse power flow power (charge power) may be procured as power adjustment. For example, in a secondary power adjustment service (1) in a supply and demand adjustment market, it is required to continuously output power at or above a predetermined baseline in accordance with the commands of the central power dispatch system 11 for the entire duration of the power adjustment service contract. In a primary power adjustment service in a supply and demand adjustment market, power above the baseline is also permitted, but only discharge power is evaluated as procured power.

[0036] Here, "side" indicates that the power in the adjustment power provision service is calculated as the difference in power from the baseline. For example, if the provision of adjustment power on the reverse power flow side is agreed upon, the decrease from the baseline value of the actual power of the forward power flow (power supplied from the power grid 30 to the customer-installed system 50) is also calculated as the adjustment power on the reverse power flow side. When a customer-installed system 50 provides a power adjustment service using a battery 65, this means that the power provided as adjustment power is calculated based on the baseline of the battery 65's output power, rather than 0 (a state where no charging or discharging occurs).

[0037] The discharge capacity of the battery 65 is the remaining charge of the battery 65. When the supply of power on the forward power flow side (power on the discharge side) is agreed upon in the power adjustment service, the power adjustment service processing unit 110 instructs the battery 65 to secure a surplus amount of remaining charge for the implementation of the power adjustment service. The remaining charge capacity of the battery 65 is the available capacity of the battery 65. When the supply of power on the reverse power flow side (power on the charging side) is agreed upon in the power adjustment service, the power adjustment service processing unit 110 causes the battery 65 to reserve a surplus amount of available capacity for the implementation of the power adjustment service.

[0038] When providing the adjustment power supply service, the adjustment power supply service processing unit 110 allocates the charge and discharge power requested by the central power supply command system 11 to the customer-installed systems 50 of the customers indicated in the agreed-upon customer list pattern. The central power supply command system 11 requests charge and discharge power so that the amount of power in the product block is within the agreed-upon amount of power. The adjustment power supply service processing unit 110 then allocates charge and discharge power to the storage battery 65 so that the amount of power in the product block is within the planned range (within the range of the amount of power allocated at the time of planning), and causes charging and discharging to be performed.

[0039] The energy management service processing unit 120 generates an energy management service plan. Furthermore, when performing the energy management service, the energy management service processing unit 120 instructs the customer-installed system 50 to charge and discharge the battery 65 via the control command unit 130, based on the plan.

[0040] The setting unit 121 sets an optimization problem for generating a plan for the energy management service. For example, the setting unit 121 sets constraints on the storage capacity and charge / discharge power of the battery 65, and an evaluation function that shows the evaluation against targets in the energy management service, such as cost reduction. By setting these constraints and objective function, the setting unit 121 sets an optimization problem in which it searches for a solution that satisfies the constraints and improves the evaluation shown by the objective function, using the charge / discharge amount of the battery 65 in the energy management service as the solution.

[0041] As mentioned above, the charge / discharge amount may be either charge / discharge power or charge / discharge energy amount. Charge / discharge power can be converted to charge / discharge energy amount by multiplying it by time. Charge / discharge energy amount can be converted to charge / discharge power by dividing it by time. The method by which the setting unit 121 sets the optimization problem is not limited to a specific method. For example, the setting unit 121 may set the optimization problem by selecting a template from constraint template and objective function template according to the type of energy management service to be performed, and setting values ​​for the template parameters. Alternatively, the setting unit 121 may set the optimization problem according to user operations to set the optimization problem.

[0042] The planning unit 122 generates a plan for the energy management system by solving an optimization problem set by the setting unit 121. As a solution to the optimization problem, the planning unit 122 obtains the charge and discharge amounts of the battery 65 for each set time interval (time step described later). These charge and discharge amounts correspond to the charge and discharge plan for the battery 65 in the energy management system. The planning unit 122 is an example of a planning means. The method by which the planning unit 122 solves the optimization problem is not limited to a specific method. For example, the planning unit 122 may use a known solution search algorithm for optimization problems to find a solution.

[0043] The control command unit 130 instructs the customer-installed system 50 on the amount of charge and discharge of the battery 65, causing the battery 65 to be charged and discharged. The control command unit 130 is an example of a control means. During periods when the customer-installed system 50 provides energy management services but does not provide adjustment power provision services, the control command unit 130 instructs the charge / discharge amount for energy management, as indicated in the plan generated by the energy management service processing unit 120. This causes the control command unit 130 to instruct the battery 65 to perform charge / discharge for energy management.

[0044] The customer-installed system 50 provides the adjustment power supply service, but during periods when it does not provide energy management services, the control command unit 130 instructs the charge / discharge amount for adjustment power as indicated in the plan generated by the adjustment power supply service processing unit 110. This causes the control command unit 130 to instruct the battery 65 to perform charge / discharge for adjustment power.

[0045] During the time interval in which the customer-installed system 50 performs both energy management services and adjustment power provision services, the control command unit 130 instructs the battery 65 to perform both energy management charge / discharge and adjustment power charge / discharge, as indicated in the plan generated by the energy management service processing unit 120 and the adjustment power charge / discharge, as indicated in the plan generated by the adjustment power provision service processing unit 110. As a result, the control command unit 130 causes the battery 65 to perform both energy management charge / discharge and adjustment power charge / discharge. In this case, the control command unit 130, for example, treats the discharge amount as a negative charge amount and calculates the sum of the charge / discharge amount for energy management and the charge / discharge amount for adjustment power.

[0046] When a customer-installed system 50 simultaneously provides energy management services and adjustment power provision services, the amount of charge and discharge for energy management is declared in advance as a baseline, and this amount of charge and discharge for energy management becomes the basis for calculating the amount of charge and discharge for adjustment power. In this case, the difference between the planned amount of charge and discharge for energy management services and the actual amount of charge and discharge is treated as the amount of charge and discharge for adjustment power provision services.

[0047] The communication unit 140 communicates with other devices. For example, the communication unit 140 receives requests for power (or energy) as adjustment power from the central power supply command system. The communication unit 140 also receives various information from other devices for generating a plan, such as receiving status information of the battery 65 from the lower-level control device 62 of the customer-installed system 50. The communication unit 140 also transmits the charge and discharge amounts of the battery 65 determined by the control command unit 130 to the lower-level control device 62, which then controls the charging and discharging of the battery 65.

[0048] In the following, it is assumed that the energy management service processing unit 120 generates an energy management service plan for each time step. The time width of one time step is constant and is denoted by Δt, where Δt > 0. Each step of the time step is denoted as time step 1, time step 2, ... time step t, ... and so on. The time interval Δt can be any constant time interval and is not limited to a specific time interval. For example, the time interval Δt may be set to 30 minutes, the same as the time interval used for the adjustment power provision service, but is not limited to this.

[0049] The setting unit 121 may also set the following constraints as constraints in the optimization problem. (Constraints on remaining energy storage capacity based on predicted values ​​of adjustment capacity provision) The setting unit 121 sets constraints such that the remaining charge (amount of stored energy) of the battery 65 does not exceed the upper and lower limits of the remaining charge. For example, the setting unit 121 sets the constraints shown in equation (1).

[0050]

Number

[0051] c batt,max t represents the remaining charge of the storage battery 65 at the end of the time step t. c batt t ≧0. c batt,min represents the lower limit value of the remaining charge of the storage battery 65. c<00​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​t Regarding the changes in , for example, we set the constraints shown in equation (2).

[0054]

number

[0055] p batt,ch t This represents the charging power for energy management (the charging power of battery 65 for energy management services) at time t. batt,ch t Assume ≥ 0. As the charging power for energy management at time t, the planned value indicated in the plan generated by the energy management service processing unit 120 can be used. p batt,dch t This represents the discharge power for energy management (the discharge power of battery 65 for energy management services) at time t. batt,dch t Assume ≥ 0. As the discharge power for energy management at time t, the planned value shown in the plan generated by the energy management service processing unit 120 can be used.

[0056] p fr,ch,prd t This represents the predicted value of the amount of adjustment power provided on the charging side at time step t (the predicted value of the charging power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service). fr,ch,prd t Assume ≥ 0. p fr,dch,prd t This represents the predicted value of the amount of adjustment power provided on the discharge side at time step t (the predicted value of the discharge power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service). fr,dch,prd t Assume ≥ 0. As mentioned above, Δt represents a unit of time (a time step) in the planning of energy management services.

[0057] Equation (2) represents the remaining charge c of the battery 65 to be planned and generated at the start of a certain time interval (time step t). batt t-1 In the adjustment power provision service for stabilizing the power grid 30, the predicted value of the amount of power charged and discharged during that time interval (p fr,ch,prd t , and, p fr,dch,prd t ) and the planned value (p) of the amount of power charged and discharged during that time interval in the energy management service using the battery. batt,ch t , and, p batt,dch t By reflecting this, the remaining charge of the battery at the end of that time interval c batt t This is an example of an expression that shows a relationship in which one can obtain [a certain result].

[0058] As shown in equation (2), the remaining charge c of the battery 65 batt t This is charging power p for energy management. batt,ch t and discharge power p batt,dch t It depends on the remaining charge c of the battery 65, as shown in equation (1). batt t The upper limit of c batt,max and lower limit c batt,min Setting this will enable charging power p for energy management. batt,ch t and discharge power p batt,dch t This can be described as setting constraints on something.

[0059] The setting unit 121 sets the remaining charge of the battery 65 c batt t Regarding the changes in , constraints including the efficiency of charging and discharging the storage battery 65 may be set. For example, the setting unit 121 may set the constraints shown in equation (3) instead of equation (2).

[0060]

number

[0061] e batt,ch This represents the charging efficiency of the battery 65. <e batt,ch Let ≤ 1. e batt,dch This represents the discharge efficiency of the battery 65. <e batt,dch Let ≤ 1. Charging efficiency e batt,ch This is thought to depend primarily on the conversion efficiency when the power conditioning system 63 converts AC power to DC power. Charging efficiency e batt,ch However, it may be specified in the ratings of the power conditioning system 63. Discharge efficiency e batt,dch This is thought to depend primarily on the conversion efficiency when the power conditioning system 63 converts DC power to AC power. Charging efficiency e batt,dch However, this may be specified in the ratings of the power conditioning system 63.

[0062] The setting unit 121 sets constraints including the efficiency of charging and discharging the battery 65, thereby setting the remaining charge of the battery 65 c batt t This allows for more accurate modeling. In this respect, it is expected that the planning unit 122 will be able to generate energy management service plans with greater accuracy.

[0063] (Output constraints based on the adjustment force contract) The setting unit 121 sets constraints such that the charging power of the storage battery 65 does not exceed the physically possible upper limit of charging power, and that there is surplus capacity to provide the agreed adjustment amount. For example, the setting unit 121 sets the constraints shown in equation (4).

[0064]

number

[0065] p fr,ch,max tThis represents the agreed amount of adjustment force on the charging side (forward current direction) at time step t. fr,ch,max t Assume ≥ 0. The contracted adjustment capacity is the amount agreed upon as the amount that can be provided for the adjustment capacity provision service, and is indicated, for example, by the maximum amount of power that may be requested when the service is performed. The amount of the contracted adjustment capacity allocated to the consumers shown in the consumer list pattern is also referred to as the contracted adjustment capacity, or the contracted adjustment capacity of the battery 65. The contracted adjustment capacity of the battery 65 is the surplus discharge power or charging power that the battery 65 should keep available so that it can provide adjustment capacity.

[0066] If only the adjustment power for the discharge side is procured, p fr,ch,max t Let = 0. p batt,ch,max This represents the physical upper limit of the charging power of the battery 65. batt,ch,max Assume > 0. The upper limit of the charging power of the battery 65 is p. batt,ch,max This is determined, for example, by the rating of the 65-rated battery.

[0067] Equation (4) shows the charging power p of the battery 65 in the energy management service. batt,ch t -p batt,dch t And the charging power p of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service fr,ch,max t The sum of these is the upper limit of the charging power of the battery 65, p. batt,ch,max This is an example of a constraint condition that demonstrates the following:

[0068] Furthermore, the setting unit 121 sets constraints such that the discharge power of the storage battery 65 does not exceed the physically possible upper limit of discharge power, and that there is sufficient capacity to provide the agreed adjustment amount. For example, the setting unit 121 sets the constraints shown in equation (5).

[0069]

number

[0070] p fr,dch,max t represents the adjusted force approximate quantity on the discharge side (reverse power flow direction) at time step t. p fr,dch,max t is set to ≥0. p batt,dch,max represents the physical discharge power upper limit value of the storage battery 65. p batt,dch,max is set to >0. The discharge power upper limit value p of the storage battery 65 batt,dch,max is determined, for example, by the rating of the storage battery 65.

[0071] Equation (5) corresponds to an example of a constraint condition indicating that the sum of the discharge power p batt,dch t -p batt,ch t in the energy management service and the discharge power p fr,dch,max t in the regulation force providing service of the storage battery 65 is below the upper limit value p of the discharge power of the storage battery 65 batt,dch,max is as follows.

[0072] Also, the setting unit 121 sets a constraint condition that the customer's grid power purchase does not exceed the grid power purchase upper limit value and there is remaining capacity to provide the adjusted force approximate quantity. Here, the grid power purchase is the power purchased from the power grid 30. For example, the setting unit 121 sets the constraint condition shown in Equation (6).

[0073]

Equation

[0074] p gen,buy t represents the customer's grid power purchase at time step t. p gen,buy t is set to ≥0. As the customer's grid power purchase at time step t, the planned value shown in the plan of the energy management service may be used. p gen,sell tThis represents the power sold to the grid by the consumer at time step t. Here, grid-sold power refers to the power sold to the power grid 30. gen,sell t Assume ≥ 0. The planned value shown in the energy management service plan may be used as the power sold to the grid by the consumer at time step t.

[0075] p gen,buy,max This represents the upper limit of the electricity purchased. gen,buy,max Assume ≥ 0. The upper limit on purchased electricity is set, for example, in the electricity usage plan of the consumer. For example, when peak shaving is performed by an energy management service, the peak shaving power corresponds to the upper limit on purchased electricity. In this context, peak shaving means limiting purchased electricity to below a predetermined level, and the peak shaving power is the predetermined level set as the upper limit. If no upper limit is set for purchased electricity, the setting unit 121 may choose not to set the constraints shown in equation (6).

[0076] Furthermore, the setting unit 121 sets constraints that the power sold by the customer to the grid does not exceed the upper limit of the power sold, and that there is surplus capacity to provide the agreed-upon adjustment capacity. For example, the setting unit 121 sets the constraint conditions shown in equation (7).

[0077]

number

[0078] p gen,sell,max This represents the upper limit of the amount of electricity that can be sold. gen,sell,max Assume ≥ 0. The upper limit on the amount of electricity sold is set, for example, in the electricity sales contract. For example, if the consumer does not send reverse power to the power grid 30 (if reverse power flow is prohibited), p gen,sell,max Let = 0. In this case, equation (7) becomes equation (8).

[0079]

number

[0080] Alternatively, if reverse power flow is permitted in the adjustment power provision service, the setting unit 121 may set the constraints shown in equation (9) instead of equation (7).

[0081]

number

[0082] Equation (9) indicates a constraint that no reverse power flow occurs between the power grid 30 and the customer-installed system 50 due to the buying and selling of electricity. On the other hand, reverse power flow due to the discharge of the battery 65 is not restricted by equation (9). Alternatively, if reverse power flow of solar power generation is permitted, the setting unit 121 may set the constraints shown in equation (10) instead of equation (7).

[0083]

number

[0084] p pv t This represents the power generated by the solar power generation system 54 at time step t. pv t The power generated by the solar power generation system 54 is ≥ 0. pv t This can be estimated, for example, from past performance. Equation (10) shows the grid power p gen,sell t Of these, the power generated by the solar power generation system 54 is p pv t Other electricity is purchased from the grid (p gen,buy t This can be interpreted as expressing the constraint condition that the following conditions apply.

[0085] Furthermore, the setting unit 121 sets constraints for the power supply and demand of the customer-installed system 50, for example, as shown in equation (11).

[0086]

number

[0087] p load t This represents the power consumption of the power load 53 at time step t. Power consumption p of power load 53 load t This can be estimated, for example, from past performance. As shown in equation (11), grid power sales p gen,sell t , grid power purchase p gen,buy t , the charging power p of the storage battery 65 batt,ch t , and the discharge power p of the storage battery 65 batt,dch t There is a correlation between them. In this regard, grid-purchased power p as shown in equations (6) to (10) gen,buy t and grid-based electricity sales p gen,sell t The constraints regarding this are the charging power p of the battery 65. batt,ch t , and the discharge power p of the storage battery 65 batt,dch t It can also be said that this represents constraints related to [the condition].

[0088] (SOC constraint based on predicted error in adjustment force provision) The setting unit 121 may set constraints to allow for prediction errors in the amount of adjustment force provided. For example, the setting unit 121 may set the constraints shown in equation (12) instead of equation (1).

[0089]

number

[0090] Δpfr,dch,prd t This is the predicted value p of the amount of adjustment force provided by the discharge side at time step t. fr,dch,prd t This represents the predicted value of the prediction error. Δp fr,dch,prd t Assume ≥ 0. Δp fr,ch,prd t This is the predicted value p of the amount of adjustment force provided by the charging side at time step t. fr,ch,prd t This represents the predicted value of the prediction error. Δp fr,ch,prd t Assume ≥ 0.

[0091] "c batt,min +Δp fr,dch,prd t ×Δt is the predicted value of the amount of adjustment force provided on the discharge side p fr,dch,prd t To account for the possibility of prediction errors, a margin is added to the lower limit of the remaining charge of the battery 65 in order to provide a margin in the amount of power that can be discharged from the battery 65. "c batt,max +Δp fr,ch,prd t ×Δt is the predicted value of the amount of adjustment force provided by the charging side p fr,ch,prd t This can be described as adding a margin to the lower limit of the available capacity of the battery 65 in order to allow for prediction errors and to ensure sufficient charge capacity for the battery 65.

[0092] Equation (2) shows the remaining charge c of the battery 65 at the end of time step t-1. batt t-1 From, the change in energy management services (p batt,ch t -p batt,dch t ) × Δt and the change in the adjustment force provision service (p fr,ch,prd t -p fr,dch,prd t When ) × Δt is changed, the remaining charge of the battery 65 at the end of time step t is c batt t This shows a relationship where it becomes [this].

[0093] If both the constraints shown in equation (2) and the constraints shown in equation (12) are met, the change in the adjustment power provision service in equation (2) (p fr,ch,prd t -p fr,dch,prd t Even if a prediction error occurs in ) × Δt, that prediction error is reduced by the margin "Δp" shown in equation (12). fr,ch,prd t ×Δt and Δp fr,dch,prd t Within the range of ×Δt, the remaining charge of the battery 65 at the end of time step t is c. batt t However, the lower limit c batt,min t and upper limit c batt,max t It is guaranteed to be included within the range.

[0094] The inequality on the right side of equation (12) is "c batt t ≤(c batt,max -Δp fr,ch,prd t ×Δt) is the remaining charge of the battery 65 at the end of the time interval (time step t) c. batt t However, the upper limit of the remaining battery capacity c batt,max Therefore, the prediction error Δp ​​of the amount of charge of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service during that time interval. fr,ch,prd t This is an example of a constraint condition that requires the difference to be less than or equal to the difference obtained by subtracting ×Δt.

[0095] The inequality on the left side of equation (12) is "c batt t ≤(c batt,min +Δp fr,dch,prd t ×Δt)≦c batt t "This refers to the remaining charge c of the battery 65 at the end of the time interval (time step t). batt t However, the lower limit of the remaining energy storage capacity is c batt,min And the prediction error Δp ​​of the amount of charge of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service during that time interval.fr,dch,prd t This is an example of a constraint condition that requires that the sum of ×Δt is greater than or equal to the sum of ×Δt.

[0096] (Objective function) In the optimization problem, the objective function is the charging power p of the battery 65 at each time step, under the constraints described above. batt,ch t and discharge power p batt,dch t This can be expressed as various functions that can be evaluated. For example, if the goal is to minimize the amount of electricity purchased by consumers by taking into account different electricity rates depending on the time of day, the planning unit 122 may search for a solution to the minimization problem shown in equation (13) under the constraints set by the setting unit 121.

[0097]

number

[0098] c gen,buy t This represents the electricity purchase price per unit for different time periods at time step t. gen,buy t ≥ 0. "Σ t (c gen,buy t ×p gen,buy t The formula for calculating electricity purchase costs is "×Δt)", and it is an example of an objective function in an optimization problem. In this objective function, grid electricity purchase power p gen,buy t electricity purchase price per unit by time of day gen,buy t The amount of electricity purchased is calculated by multiplying by this factor and accumulating it over the entire period covered by the energy management service plan.

[0099] "Σ t (c gen,buy t ×p gen,buy t "×Δt)" is the electricity unit price c for each time interval (time step t) for the period covered by the energy management service plan.gen,buy t And the amount of commercial power consumed during that time interval, p. gen,buy t This is an example of a function that calculates electricity charges by summing the products of ×Δt.

[0100] Figure 3 shows an example of a parameter whose value is set by the setting unit 121. In the graph in Figure 3, the horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents the output power of the battery 65. Line L111 indicates the baseline at time step t. The baseline is set for each product block. Line L112 indicates the adjustment power command value for the battery 65. The battery 65 charges and discharges according to the adjustment power command value, and the adjustment power command value is equal to the charge / discharge power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service.

[0101] In the adjustment power provision service, the adjustment power is calculated based on the baseline (line L111), using the difference between the baseline and the charging / discharging power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service (line L112). In the example in Figure 3, line L112 lies above line L111 for the entire duration of time step t. In this case, battery 65 is evaluated as supplying power on the discharge side for the entire duration of time step t. Furthermore, the magnitude of the difference between the baseline (line L111) and the charge / discharge power of battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service (line L112) corresponds to the magnitude of the adjustment power. p fr,dch(ave) t This represents the average value of the charge / discharge power (line L112) of the battery 65 in the adjustment power supply service at time step t.

[0102] Also, p fr,dch,max This represents the agreed amount of adjustment power for the battery 65. fr,dch,prd t This represents the predicted value of the charge and discharge power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service at time step t. The average value p of the charge / discharge power (line L112) of the battery 65 at time step t. fr,dch(ave) tAnd the predicted value p of the charge / discharge power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service at time step t. fr,dch,prd t The difference between this and the predicted error p of the charge / discharge power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service at time step t. fr,dch,err t This applies.

[0103] Furthermore, Figure 3 shows the predicted value Δp of the prediction error in the charging power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service at time step t. fr,ch,prd t , and the predicted value Δp of the prediction error of the discharge power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service at time step t. fr,dch,prd t These are shown. These prediction errors are used as a margin for the upper and lower limits of the remaining charge of the battery 65. As shown in the example in Figure 3, the prediction error p of the charge / discharge power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power supply service at time step t. fr,dch,err t However, the predicted value Δp of the charging power prediction error fr,ch,prd t , and the predicted value Δp of the discharge power prediction error. fr,dch,prd t As long as it remains within this range, the remaining charge of the battery 65 will not exceed the upper or lower limits, even if it performs discharge using the adjustment power supply service.

[0104] Next, the process by which the higher-level control unit 22 plans energy management services will be explained using an example. The higher-level control unit 22 generates a plan for energy management services and a plan for adjustment power provision services.

[0105] The agreement and plan for the provision of adjustment capabilities shall be as follows: 1. Bidding and Agreement Aggregators bid on and secure contracts for the amount of adjustment capacity they can provide in the supply and demand adjustment market. The amount of adjustment capacity that an aggregator can provide in a bid corresponds to the sum of the amount of adjustment capacity that can be provided from each of the 50 customer-installed systems.

[0106] Aggregators shall bid on primary and secondary adjustment capacity (1). For primary and secondary adjustment capacity (1), each unit of trade is a 3-hour commodity block, and bids for 56 commodity blocks, corresponding to one week from Saturday to Friday, will be taken by 2 PM on the Tuesday of the week preceding the start of service, with trades being executed at 3 PM on the same day. Furthermore, the "(1)" in "Secondary Adjustment Capacity (1)" should be interpreted as a "1" enclosed in a circle (maruichi).

[0107] The aggregator prepares in advance a list of customers / patterns that specify the customers to be bid on. Bidding and agreements are made on a product block basis and on a customer list / pattern basis for each type of adjustment capacity provision service, such as primary adjustment capacity and secondary adjustment capacity (1).

[0108] 2. Entering the execution results The aggregator inputs the results of the adjustment power provision service into the system. For example, for each product block that is successfully bid on, the aggregator inputs the list of customers and patterns that were successfully bid on for that product block, as well as the amount of adjustment power contracted. The system by which the aggregator inputs the trade results can be any system that is accessible from the higher-level control unit 22. For example, the aggregator may input the trade results to the higher-level control unit 22, but is not limited to this.

[0109] 3. Generating an operational plan The adjustment capacity provision service processing unit 110 of the higher-level control device 22 generates an operation plan for the adjustment capacity provision service. As a unit of time during operation, a 3-hour product block is further divided into 30-minute "segments" (6 divisions), and the adjustment capacity provision service processing unit 110 determines the baseline value and the amount of adjustment capacity that can be provided for each segment and for each customer shown in the customer list pattern.

[0110] Determining the amount of adjustment capacity available for each customer means determining the amount of adjustment capacity available for each customer-installed system 50 of that customer. Furthermore, the amount of adjustment capacity available determined for each customer is the remaining charge or available capacity of the battery 65 that the customer-installed system 50 of that customer should keep available so that it can respond to requests for adjustment capacity. As described above, the adjustment power in the adjustment power provision service is calculated as the difference between the charge / discharge power of the battery 65 and the baseline.

[0111] The adjustment power provision service processing unit 110 generates an adjustment power provision service plan for each product block in which the adjustment power provision service has been agreed upon, such that the sum of the adjustment power that can be provided by the customer installation system 50 of the customers indicated in the customer list pattern agreed upon in that product block matches the agreed amount of adjustment power.

[0112] The following parameters can be used in the operational plan, for example: (Contract-related information, specifications for customer-installed system 50) • Maximum charging power value p for battery 65 batt,ch,max [kW] • Maximum discharge power value p for battery 65 batt,dch,max [kW] • Maximum remaining charge value of battery 65: c batt,max t [kCarbon] • Lower limit of remaining charge of battery 65: c batt,min t [kCarbon] • Power Conditioning System 63 charging efficiency (AC / DC conversion efficiency) e batt,ch • Discharge efficiency (DC / AC conversion efficiency) of power conditioning system 63 e batt,dch • Type of power conditioning system 63 (e.g., hybrid PCS or separate PCS): A hybrid PCS can control both the solar power generation system 54 and the battery 65 with a single unit, whereas a separate PCS is installed for each of the solar power generation system 54 and the battery 65. Therefore, the control that can be performed and the control signals that should be output to the power conditioning system 63 may differ. • Whether or not to allow reverse power flow due to the adjustment force: This affects the constraint conditions, as shown in equations (7) to (10) above.

[0113] (Contract-related information, energy management service-related information) • Modes of energy management services (peak shaving, peak shifting, self-consumption): These affect the objective function and constraints. • Peak cut threshold [kW]: Upper limit of forward current p gen,buy,max It is used as such. • Electricity sales price per kWh [yen / kWh] • Electricity purchase price per kWh by time of day [yen / kWh]: These are reflected in the objective function as shown in equation (13) above.

[0114] (Control information, power supply and demand information in the customer-installed system 50) • Cumulative value of electricity demand load: p load t It is used for prediction. • Cumulative amount of electricity generated: p pv t It is used for prediction.

[0115] (Control information, status information of battery 65) • Maximum charging power value p for battery 65 batt,ch,max [kW]: This setting may be changed depending on the customer. • Maximum discharge power value p for battery 65 batt,dch,max [kW]: This setting may be changed depending on the customer. • Current remaining charge of battery 65 C batt t [kWh] or SOC[%]: Used as the initial value of the remaining energy storage capacity.

[0116] An example of how the energy management service processing unit 120 generates an energy management service plan will be described. • Demand forecasting The energy management service processing unit 120 collects power supply and demand information for each customer-installed system 50 and forecasts the load demand for each customer-installed system 50 for a predetermined period covered by the energy management service plan. The energy management service processing unit 120 may also acquire power supply and demand information such as the cumulative value of the power demand load (cumulative value of power consumption) of the power load 53 and the cumulative value of the power generated by the solar power generation system 54.

[0117] • Assessment of energy management services The energy management service processing unit 120 acquires energy management service-related information and determines the energy management services being implemented by each customer-installed system 50. The energy management service processing unit 120 may also acquire information such as the status information of the energy management service, peak cut thresholds, electricity sales price, and electricity purchase price by time of day as energy management service-related information.

[0118] • Obtaining information on the battery storage system 65 The energy management service processing unit 120 acquires the latest status information of the battery 65 of each customer-installed system 50. The energy management service processing unit 120 may also acquire information such as the charge limit, discharge condition value, and remaining charge as the latest status information of the battery 65.

[0119] • Acquisition of static information for customer-installed system 50 The energy management service processing unit 120 acquires information on each customer-installed system 50 and specification information for the battery 65. The energy management service processing unit 120 may also acquire information on the customer-installed system 50, such as the AC / DC conversion efficiency (alternating current / direct current conversion efficiency) and DC / AC conversion efficiency (direct current / alternating current conversion efficiency) of the power conditioning system 63, the configuration of the power conditioning system 63 (such as whether it is a hybrid PCS or a separate PCS), and the connection status of the customer-installed system 50 to the power grid 30. The energy management service processing unit 120 may also acquire information on the battery 65, such as the upper limit of the charging power and discharge power of the battery 65, and the upper and lower limits of the remaining charge of the battery 65.

[0120] • Obtaining information on services that provide coordination capabilities. The energy management service processing unit 120 acquires information on the allocated amount of contracted adjustment capacity for each product block, each service (primary adjustment capacity, secondary adjustment capacity (1), secondary adjustment capacity (2), etc.), and each customer (each customer-installed system 50) as shown in the customer list pattern. Furthermore, the "(2)" in "Secondary Adjustment Capacity (2)" should be interpreted as a "2" enclosed in a circle (Maruni).

[0121] Alternatively, the Energy Management Service Processing Unit 120 may generate a plan for energy management services while the Adjustment Power Provision Service Processing Unit 110 generates a plan for adjustment power provision services in parallel. In this case, the allocation amount of adjustment power contracted for each product block, each service, and each customer-installed system is used as a variable and is part of the solution searched in the optimization problem.

[0122] In this case, the optimization problem can be a common optimization problem for both the planning of energy management services and the planning of adjustment power provision services. The solution to be explored in the optimization problem can be the amount of charge / discharge for energy management at each time step and for each customer-installed system 50, and the agreed amount of adjustment power for each product block, each service, and each customer-installed system. The energy management service processing unit 120 and the adjustment force provision service processing unit 110 search for a solution that satisfies the constraints of the optimization problem and yields the best possible evaluation of the objective function.

[0123] • Plan generation When the Energy Management Service Processing Unit 120 generates a plan for energy management services, and the Adjustment Power Provision Service Processing Unit 110 generates a plan for adjustment power provision services in parallel, the respective plans are generated by obtaining the solution to the optimization problem as described above. The energy management service processing unit 120 and the adjustment power provision service processing unit 110 may use, for example, an objective function that represents the sum of the gain from providing adjustment power and the gain from implementing energy management services, and search for a solution that maximizes the value of the objective function. In the case of electricity purchased by the customer-installed system 50, minimizing the amount of electricity purchased corresponds to maximizing the gain from implementing energy management services.

[0124] Alternatively, the energy management service processing unit 120 and the adjustment power provision service processing unit 110 may generate plans separately. For example, the adjustment power provision service processing unit 110 may generate a plan for adjustment power provision services, and then the energy management service processing unit 120 may generate a plan for energy management services. In this case, the energy management service processing unit 120 may generate a plan for energy management services by solving an optimization problem that includes as part of the constraints the allocation amount of adjustment power contracted for each commodity block, each service, and each customer-installed system, as shown in the adjustment power provision service plan generated by the adjustment power provision service processing unit 110.

[0125] Furthermore, devices other than the higher-level control unit 22 may be configured to have the functions of the energy management service processing unit 120 and generate the energy management service plan. For example, the lower-level control unit 62 may be configured to have the functions of the energy management service processing unit 120 and generate the energy management service plan.

[0126] • Prediction of adjustment capacity provision The energy management service processing unit 120 is the p shown in equations (2), (3), and (12) above. fr,ch,prd t , and, p fr,dch,prd t As shown above, a plan for energy management services is generated using constraints that include predicted values ​​for adjustment capacity. The energy management service processing unit 120 may use a predetermined percentage of the battery 65's contracted adjustment capacity (available adjustment capacity) as the predicted value of the adjustment capacity provided, such as setting 50% of the battery 65's contracted adjustment capacity (available adjustment capacity) as the predicted value of the adjustment capacity provided.

[0127] • Prediction of the error in the forecast of adjustment force provision The energy management service processing unit 120 controls Δp shown in equation (12) above. fr,ch,prd tand Δp fr,dch,prd t As shown above, the energy management service plan may be generated using constraints that include predicted values ​​for the prediction error of the adjustment capacity provision. The energy management service processing unit 120 may use a predetermined percentage of the battery 65's contracted adjustment capacity (available adjustment capacity) as the predicted value of the prediction error for the adjustment capacity provided, such as using 5% of the battery 65's contracted adjustment capacity as the predicted value of the prediction error for the adjustment capacity provided.

[0128] • Constraints on the remaining charge of the battery 65 The energy management service processing unit 120 is C as shown in formulas (1) and (12). batt,min and C batt,max As shown above, an energy management service plan is generated using constraints that include upper and lower limits on the remaining charge of the battery 65. The energy management service processing unit 120 may use upper and lower limits for the remaining charge of the battery 65 based on its rating. For example, if the rated capacity of the battery 65 is 10 kilowatt-hours (kWh), the energy management service processing unit 120 may use 10 kilowatt-hours as the upper limit for the remaining charge of the battery 65 and 0 kilowatt-hours as the lower limit.

[0129] For example, the energy management service processing unit 120 generates a plan so that, for the entire period covered by the energy management service plan, the remaining energy storage capacity, taking into account the predicted amount of adjustment power provided by the battery 65 as shown in equation (2) or equation (3), does not exceed the upper and lower limits of the remaining energy storage capacity as shown in equation (1).

[0130] Alternatively, the energy management service processing unit 120 generates a plan for the entire period covered by the energy management service, using equation (12) instead of equation (1), so that the remaining energy, considering the predicted value of the adjustment power supplied by the battery 65 and the predicted error of the prediction of the adjustment power supplied by the battery 65, does not exceed the upper and lower limits of the remaining energy.

[0131] • Constraints on the charging and discharging power of the battery 65 The energy management service processing unit 120 is represented by the p shown in equation (4) batt,ch,max and p shown in equation (5) batt,dch,max As shown above, an energy management service plan is generated using constraints, including an upper limit on charging and discharging power. The energy management service processing unit 120 may use upper limits for charge and discharge power based on the rating of the battery 65. For example, if the rated output of the battery 65 is 5 kilowatts (kW), the energy management service processing unit 120 may use 5 kilowatts for both the upper limit of the charge power and the upper limit of the discharge power of the battery 65. The energy management service processing unit 120 performs the p shown in equation (4) for the entire period covered by the energy management service plan. fr,ch,max t and p shown in equation (5) fr,dch,max t As shown above, a plan is generated so that the charge and discharge power of the battery 65, taking into account the adjustment capacity of the battery 65, does not exceed the upper limit of the charge and discharge power.

[0132] • Constraints on the buying and selling of electricity in power grid 30 The energy management service processing unit 120 is represented by the p shown in equation (6) gen,buy,max and p shown in equation (7) gen,sell,max As shown above, the energy management service plan may be generated using constraints that include an upper limit on the amount of electricity purchased from the power grid 30, an upper limit on the amount of electricity sold to the power grid 30, or either one of these.

[0133] For example, the energy management service processing unit 120 may use 3 kilowatts as the upper limit for the amount of electricity purchased from the power grid 30 and 0 kilowatts as the upper limit for the amount of electricity sold to the power grid 30. As described above, the upper limit for purchased electricity may be specified, for example, as a peak cut value. The upper limit for sold electricity may be set, for example, according to whether reverse power flow is permitted or the conditions under which reverse power flow is permitted. The energy management service processing unit 120, for example, for the entire period covered by the energy management service plan, uses the p shown in equation (4). fr,ch,max t and p shown in equation (5) fr,dch,max t As shown above, the plan is generated so that the charging and discharging power, taking into account the adjustment capacity of the battery 65, does not exceed the upper limit of the purchased electricity and the upper limit of the sold electricity.

[0134] As described above, the planning unit 122 obtains the remaining charge of the battery 65 at the end of a certain time period by reflecting the predicted value of the charge and discharge power amount for that time period in the adjustment power provision service for stabilizing the power grid 30 and the planned value of the charge and discharge power amount for that time period in the energy management service using the battery 65 in the energy management service in the remaining charge of the battery 65 that is the target of plan generation at the start of a certain time period, constraints including upper and lower limits of the remaining charge of the battery 65, and an objective function that shows the evaluation against the target in the energy management service, in order to satisfy the constraints and to improve the evaluation shown by the objective function, thereby generating a plan for the charge and discharge amount of the battery 65 in the energy management service. The control command unit 130 causes the battery 65 to perform charging and discharging according to the generated plan.

[0135] According to the upper control device 22, it is possible to generate a plan for the energy management service so that the remaining charge of the storage battery 65 at the end of the time period, which reflects the predicted value of the charge and discharge power amount of the storage battery 65 in the regulation power supply service, does not exceed the upper and lower limit values. Therefore, according to the upper control device 22, it is possible to secure the remaining charge or the available capacity of the storage battery 65 corresponding to the predicted value of the charge and discharge power amount of the storage battery 65 in the regulation power supply service. According to the upper control device 22, in this regard, it is possible to cope with the power procurement in the regulation power supply service over a relatively long period of time.

[0136] Here, in the regulation power supply service, only the power on the discharge side (forward power flow side) may be procured. For example, in the supply and demand adjustment market, for the primary regulation power and the secondary regulation power (1), the regulation power to be procured is only on the discharge side, and the charge side is not recognized as regulation power. When only the power on the discharge side is procured in the regulation power supply service, if the storage battery 65 continues to discharge for the regulation power supply, the remaining charge will be depleted, and it is considered difficult to provide the regulation power for a long time. When the storage battery 65 also discharges in the energy management service, the time for which the regulation amount can be provided becomes even shorter.

[0137] In contrast, according to the upper control device 22, in the energy management service, it is possible to secure the remaining charge of the storage battery 65 for the regulation power supply, and it is possible to cope with the power procurement in the regulation power supply service over a relatively long period of time. The charge and discharge power in the energy management service for which the upper control device 22 generates a plan is pre-declared as a baseline in the regulation power supply service. According to the upper control device 22, it can be said that with the setting of this baseline, it is possible to cope with the power procurement in the regulation power supply service over a relatively long period of time.

[0138] Furthermore, the planning unit 122 searches for a solution for the charge and discharge amounts of the battery 65 in the energy management service so as to satisfy at least one of the following constraints: the sum of the charging power of the battery 65 in the energy management service and the charging power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service is less than or equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery 65, or the sum of the discharge power of the battery 65 in the energy management service and the discharge power of the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service is less than or equal to the upper limit of the discharge power of the battery 65.

[0139] As a result, the higher-level control device 22 is expected to be able to generate an energy management service plan that takes into account the upper limit of the charging and discharging power of the storage battery 65, and to be able to implement the plan. If, hypothetically, a plan for an energy management service is generated that exceeds the upper limit of the battery's charging and discharging power, then the portion of this energy management service that exceeds that limit cannot be implemented. In response, the higher-level control unit 22 generates an energy management service plan that satisfies the constraint of the upper limit of the charging and discharging power of the storage battery 65. In this respect, the energy management service plan generated by the higher-level control unit 22 is expected to be feasible.

[0140] Furthermore, the setting unit 121 searches for a solution for the charge and discharge amounts of the battery in the energy management service so as to satisfy at least one of the following constraints: the remaining charge of the battery 65 at the end of the time interval is less than or equal to the difference obtained by subtracting the prediction error of the amount of power charged to the battery in the adjustment power provision service during that time interval from the upper limit of the remaining charge; or the remaining charge of the battery 65 at the end of the time interval is greater than or equal to the sum of the lower limit of the remaining charge and the prediction error of the amount of power discharged to the battery 65 in the adjustment power provision service during that time interval.

[0141] According to the higher-level control device 22, if there is an error in the predicted value of the charging and discharging power of the battery 65 in the power adjustment service, it is possible to secure a margin of remaining charge or available capacity in the battery 65. In this respect, according to the higher-level control device 22, it is expected that power procurement in the power adjustment service can be handled over a longer period of time.

[0142] Furthermore, the objective function of the optimization problem used by the higher-level control device 22 is a function that calculates the electricity charge for the period covered by the energy management service plan by summing the product of the electricity unit price for each time interval and the amount of commercial electricity consumed during that time interval. According to the higher-level control device 22, by searching for a solution that minimizes the value of the objective function, it is possible to plan an energy management service that minimizes the electricity charges for consumers. In this respect, according to the higher-level control device 22, it is expected that the implementation of the energy management service will benefit consumers.

[0143] Figure 4 shows an example of the configuration of a control device according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 4, the control device 610 comprises a planning unit 611 and a control unit 612. In this configuration, the planning unit 611 generates a plan for the battery charge and discharge amounts in the energy management service by searching for a solution to satisfy the constraints and improve the evaluation shown by the objective function, based on the relationship that the remaining charge of the battery to be planned is obtained at the start of a certain time period by reflecting the predicted value of the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the adjustment power provision service for power grid stabilization in that time period and the planned value of the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service using that battery in the remaining charge of the battery to be planned at the start of that time period, constraints including upper and lower limits of the remaining charge of the battery, and an objective function that shows the evaluation against the target in the energy management service. The control unit 611 then causes the battery to charge and discharge according to the generated plan.

[0144] The control device 610 can generate an energy management service plan that reflects the predicted amount of charge and discharge power to the battery during the power adjustment service, ensuring that the remaining charge of the battery at the end of the time interval does not exceed upper and lower limits. Therefore, the control device 610 can secure the battery's remaining charge or available capacity by the amount of the predicted amount of charge and discharge power to the battery during the power adjustment service. In this respect, the control device 610 can handle the procurement of power for the power adjustment service over a relatively long period of time.

[0145] Figure 5 shows an example of the processing procedure in the control method according to the embodiment. The control method shown in Figure 5 includes planning (step S611) and control (step S612). In the planning step (step S611), the computer generates a plan for the battery charge and discharge amounts in the energy management service by searching for a solution that satisfies the constraints and improves the evaluation shown by the objective function, based on the relationship that the remaining charge of the battery to be planned at the start of a certain time interval is obtained by reflecting the predicted value of the charge and discharge amount of the adjustment power provision service for power grid stabilization and the planned value of the charge and discharge amount of the energy management service using the battery for that time interval, as well as constraints including upper and lower limits of the remaining charge of the battery, and an objective function that shows the evaluation against the target in the energy management service. In the control step (S612), the computer causes the battery to be charged and discharged according to the generated plan.

[0146] According to the control method shown in Figure 5, it is possible to generate an energy management service plan such that the remaining battery charge at the end of the time interval does not exceed the upper and lower limits, reflecting the predicted amount of power charged and discharged to the battery in the power adjustment service. Therefore, according to the control method shown in Figure 8, it is possible to secure the battery charge or available capacity by the amount of the predicted amount of power charged and discharged to the battery in the power adjustment service. In this respect, according to the control method shown in Figure 8, it is possible to respond to the procurement of power in the power adjustment service over a relatively long period of time.

[0147] Figure 6 is a schematic block diagram showing the configuration of a computer according to at least one embodiment. In the configuration shown in Figure 6, the computer 700 comprises a CPU 710, a main memory 720, an auxiliary memory 730, an interface 740, and a non-volatile recording medium 750.

[0148] One or more of the above-mentioned higher-level control device 22 and control device 610, or a part thereof, may be implemented in the computer 700. In that case, the operation of these devices is stored in auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from auxiliary storage device 730, expands it in main memory device 720, and executes the above processing according to the program. The CPU 710 also reserves memory area in main memory device 720 for these devices to perform processing according to the program. Communication between each device and other devices is performed by the interface 740 having a communication function and communicating according to the control of the CPU 710. The interface 740 also has a port for the non-volatile recording medium 750 and reads information from and writes information to the non-volatile recording medium 750.

[0149] When the higher-level control unit 22 is implemented in the computer 700, the operation of each part of it is stored in the auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, loads it into the main memory 720, and executes the above processing according to the program.

[0150] Furthermore, the CPU 710 reserves memory in the main memory 720 for processing by the higher-level control unit 22 according to the program. Communication performed by the communication unit 140 is carried out by the interface 740 having a communication function and performing communication according to the control of the CPU 710. Interaction between the higher-level control unit 22 and the user is carried out by the interface 740 having input and output devices, presenting information to the user via the output device and accepting user operations via the input device according to the control of the CPU 710.

[0151] When the control device 610 is implemented in the computer 700, the operation of each part of it is stored in the auxiliary storage device 730 in the form of a program. The CPU 710 reads the program from the auxiliary storage device 730, loads it into the main memory 720, and executes the above process according to the program.

[0152] Furthermore, the CPU 710 reserves memory in the main memory 720 for the control device 610 to process according to the program. Communication between the control device 610 and other devices is performed by the interface 740 having a communication function and operating according to the control of the CPU 710. Interaction between the higher-level control device 22 and the user is performed by the interface 740 having input and output devices, presenting information to the user via the output device and accepting user operations via the input device according to the control of the CPU 710.

[0153] Alternatively, the processing of each unit may be performed by recording a program for executing all or part of the processing performed by the higher-level control unit 22 and the control unit 610 on a computer-readable recording medium, and then having the computer system read and execute the program recorded on this recording medium. The term "computer system" here includes hardware such as the OS (Operating System) and peripheral devices. The "computer-readable recording medium" refers to portable media such as flexible disks, magneto-optical disks, ROM (Read Only Memory), CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory), etc., and storage devices such as hard disks built into computer systems. The above program may be for realizing a part of the aforementioned functions, and furthermore, it may be realized in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system for realizing the aforementioned functions.

[0154] As described above, the embodiments of this invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and designs and the like within the scope not departing from the gist of this invention are also included.

[0155] Some or all of the above embodiments may be described as follows in the following supplementary notes, but are not limited thereto.

[0156] (Supplementary Note 1) By reflecting the predicted charge / discharge power amount in the adjustment power supply service for power system stabilization and the planned charge / discharge power amount in the energy management service using the battery in the remaining battery charge amount of the battery to be the target of plan generation at the start of a certain time period, the relationship of obtaining the remaining battery charge amount of the battery at the end of that time period, the constraint conditions including the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the remaining battery charge amount of the battery, and based on the objective function indicating the evaluation of the target in the energy management service, by performing solution search for the charge / discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service so as to satisfy the constraint conditions and improve the evaluation indicated by the objective function, planning means for generating a plan for the charge / discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service, Control means for causing the battery to be charged and discharged according to the generated plan, A control device comprising.

[0157] (Supplementary Note 2) The planning means searches for a solution to the charge and discharge amounts of the battery in the energy management service so as to satisfy at least one of the following constraints: the sum of the charging power of the battery in the energy management service and the charging power of the battery in the adjustment power provision service is less than or equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery; or the sum of the discharge power of the battery in the energy management service and the discharge power of the battery in the adjustment power provision service is less than or equal to the upper limit of the discharge power of the battery. The control device described in Appendix 1.

[0158] (Note 3) The setting means performs a search for a solution for the charge and discharge amounts of the battery in the energy management service such that it further satisfies at least one of the following constraints: the remaining charge of the battery at the end of the time interval is less than or equal to the difference obtained by subtracting the prediction error of the amount of power charged to the battery in the adjustment power provision service during that time interval from the upper limit of the remaining charge; or the remaining charge of the battery at the end of the time interval is greater than or equal to the sum of the lower limit of the remaining charge and the prediction error of the amount of power discharged to the battery in the adjustment power provision service during that time interval. The control device described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2.

[0159] (Note 4) The aforementioned objective function is a function that calculates the electricity charge for the period covered by the energy management service, based on the sum of the product of the electricity unit price for each time interval and the amount of commercial electricity consumed during that time interval. A control device as described in any one of the appendices 1 to 3.

[0160] (Note 5) Computers Based on the relationship that the remaining charge of a battery to be planned is obtained at the end of a certain time period by reflecting the predicted value of the charge and discharge amount for that time period in the adjustment power provision service for stabilizing the power grid and the planned value of the charge and discharge amount for that time period in the energy management service using that battery in the remaining charge of the battery to be planned at the start of a certain time period, constraints including upper and lower limits of the remaining charge of the battery, and an objective function that shows the evaluation against the target in the energy management service, a solution search for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service is performed to satisfy the constraints and to improve the evaluation shown by the objective function, thereby generating a plan for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service. The battery is made to charge and discharge according to the generated plan. A control method that includes the following.

[0161] (Note 6) On the computer, Based on the relationship that the remaining charge of a battery to be planned is obtained at the end of a certain time period by reflecting the predicted value of the charge and discharge power amount for that time period in the adjustment power provision service for stabilizing the power grid and the planned value of the charge and discharge power amount for that time period in the energy management service using that battery in the remaining charge of the battery to be planned at the start of a certain time period, constraints including upper and lower limits of the remaining charge of the battery, and an objective function that shows the evaluation against the target in the energy management service, a solution search for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service is performed to satisfy the constraints and to improve the evaluation shown by the objective function, thereby generating a plan for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service. The battery is to be charged and discharged according to the generated plan, A program to execute. [Explanation of symbols]

[0162] 22 Higher-level control unit 110 Adjustment Power Provision Service Processing Unit 120 Energy Management Services Processing Unit 121 Setting section 122, 611 Planning Department 130 Control Command Unit 140 Communications Department 610 Control device 612 Control Unit

Claims

1. A planning means for generating a plan for the charge and discharge amounts of a battery in an energy management service, by reflecting the predicted value of the charge and discharge amount of a battery in a power grid stabilization adjustment service for that time period and the planned value of the charge and discharge amount of a battery in an energy management service using that battery in the remaining charge amount of a battery to be planned at the start of a certain time period, the remaining charge amount of the battery at the end of that time period, constraints including upper and lower limits of the remaining charge amount of the battery, and an objective function that shows the evaluation against the target in the energy management service, and then performing a search for a solution for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service so as to satisfy the constraints and improve the evaluation shown by the objective function, A control means for causing the battery to charge and discharge according to the generated plan, A control device equipped with the following features.

2. The planning means searches for a solution to the charge and discharge amounts of the battery in the energy management service so as to satisfy at least one of the following constraints: the sum of the charging power of the battery in the energy management service and the charging power of the battery in the adjustment power provision service is less than or equal to the upper limit of the charging power of the battery; or the sum of the discharge power of the battery in the energy management service and the discharge power of the battery in the adjustment power provision service is less than or equal to the upper limit of the discharge power of the battery. The control device according to claim 1.

3. The planning means performs a search for a solution for the charge and discharge amounts of the battery in the energy management service such that it further satisfies at least one of the following constraints: the remaining charge of the battery at the end of the time interval is less than or equal to the difference obtained by subtracting the prediction error of the amount of power charged to the battery in the adjustment power provision service during that time interval from the upper limit of the remaining charge; or the remaining charge of the battery at the end of the time interval is greater than or equal to the sum of the lower limit of the remaining charge and the prediction error of the amount of power discharged to the battery in the adjustment power provision service during that time interval. The control device according to claim 1 or claim 2.

4. The aforementioned objective function is a function that calculates the electricity charge for the period covered by the energy management service, based on the sum of the product of the electricity unit price for each time interval and the amount of commercial electricity consumed during that time interval. The control device according to claim 1 or claim 2.

5. Computers Based on the relationship that the remaining charge of a battery to be planned is obtained at the end of a certain time period by reflecting the predicted value of the charge and discharge amount for that time period in the adjustment power provision service for stabilizing the power grid and the planned value of the charge and discharge amount for that time period in the energy management service using that battery in the remaining charge of the battery to be planned at the start of a certain time period, constraints including upper and lower limits of the remaining charge of the battery, and an objective function that shows the evaluation against the target in the energy management service, a solution search for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service is performed to satisfy the constraints and to improve the evaluation shown by the objective function, thereby generating a plan for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service. The battery is made to charge and discharge according to the generated plan. A control method that includes the following.

6. On the computer, Based on the relationship that the remaining charge of a battery to be planned is obtained at the end of a certain time period by reflecting the predicted value of the charge and discharge power amount for that time period in the adjustment power provision service for stabilizing the power grid and the planned value of the charge and discharge power amount for that time period in the energy management service using that battery in the remaining charge of the battery to be planned at the start of a certain time period, constraints including upper and lower limits of the remaining charge of the battery, and an objective function that shows the evaluation against the target in the energy management service, a solution search for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service is performed to satisfy the constraints and to improve the evaluation shown by the objective function, thereby generating a plan for the charge and discharge amount of the battery in the energy management service. The battery is to be charged and discharged according to the generated plan, A program to execute.

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