Electrical devices, particularly microbatteries and manufacturing methods

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrical device, in particular an electrical storage device or sensor housing, preferably a battery, in particular a microbattery or capacitor, having a feedthrough, the feedthrough passing through a housing part of the device housing made of metal, in particular iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSIC, magnesium, magnesium alloy, or titanium or titanium alloy, the housing part having at least one opening as part of the feedthrough, the opening extending about an axis, a first region of the housing part including the opening and a second region of the housing part adjacent to the opening, the opening containing a conductive material, in particular a conductor, in a glass or glass ceramic material. The present invention relates to an electrical device, in particular an electrical storage device or sensor housing, preferably a battery, in particular a microbattery or capacitor, having a feedthrough passing through a housing part of the device housing made of metal, in particular iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSIC, magnesium, magnesium alloy, or titanium or titanium alloy, the housing part having at least one opening as part of the feedthrough, the opening extending about an axis, a first region of the housing part including the opening and a second region of the housing part adjacent to the opening, the opening containing a conductive material, in particular a conductor, in a glass or glass ceramic material. The present invention relates to an electrical device, in which the first region of the housing part has a width W substantially perpendicular to the axis of the opening, the width W of the first region being greater than a thickness D2, D3 of the second region. E wherein the conductive material has a first expansion coefficient α1, the glass or glass-ceramic material has a second expansion coefficient α2, and the housing part has a third expansion coefficient α3, the third expansion coefficient α3 being always greater than the second expansion coefficient α2.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an electrical device, more particularly an electrical storage device, preferably a battery, more particularly a microbattery and / or capacitor, wherein the electrical device has a feedthrough penetrating a housing component made of metal, particularly iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, steel, stainless steel or stainless steel, the housing component having at least one opening, the opening housing a contact element made of a conductive material in a glass or glass-ceramic material.

[0002] In addition to the electrical device described above, a method for manufacturing an electrical device characterized by a feedthrough with pressurized glass sealing is also presented.

[0003] In the sense of this invention, the term "battery" is understood to refer to both disposable batteries that can be discarded and / or reused after discharge, and rechargeable batteries. Rechargeable batteries, preferably lithium-ion batteries, are intended for a variety of applications, such as portable electronic devices, mobile phones, power tools, and especially electric vehicles. These batteries can replace conventional energy sources such as lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, or nickel-metal hydride batteries. Batteries can also be used in sensors and the Internet of Things.

[0004] In the sense of this invention, an electrical storage device can also be understood as a capacitor, and more particularly, a supercapacitor.

[0005] Supercapacitors, also known as supercapacitors, are, as is commonly known, electrochemical energy storage devices with particularly high power density. Unlike ceramic capacitors, film capacitors, and electrolytic capacitors, supercapacitors do not have a dielectric in the conventional sense. Supercapacitors realize, in particular, the storage principle of static electrical energy storage by charge separation in double-layer capacitance and electrochemical electrical energy storage by charge exchange utilizing oxidation-reduction reactions in pseudocapacitors. Supercapacitors include hybrid capacitors in particular, and here in particular lithium-ion capacitors. The electrolyte usually contains a solvent in which a conductive salt, usually a lithium salt, is dissolved. Supercapacitors are advantageously used in applications requiring a high number of charge-discharge cycles. Supercapacitors are particularly advantageously used in the automotive sector, especially in the field of brake energy regeneration. Naturally, other applications are also possible and are encompassed in this invention.

[0006] Lithium-ion batteries have long been known as electrical storage devices. For more information, see, for example, Chapters 36 and 39 of "Handbook of Batteries," edited by David Linden, 2nd edition, McCrawhill, 1995.

[0007] Various embodiments of lithium-ion batteries are described in numerous patents.

[0008] For example, the following can be cited: U.S. Patent Nos. 961,672, 5,952,126, 5,900,183, 5,874,185, 5,849,434, 5,853,914, and 5,773,959.

[0009] Lithium-ion batteries, especially for use in automotive environments, generally have a plurality of individual battery cells connected in series with each other. Battery cells connected in a row or in series with each other are grouped as a so-called battery pack, and a plurality of battery packs are further grouped into a battery module, which is also called a lithium-ion battery. Each individual battery cell has electrodes led out from the casing of the battery cell. The same is true for the casing of the supercapacitor.

[0010] Especially for using lithium-ion batteries in automotive environments, various problems such as corrosion resistance, crashworthiness, or vibration resistance must be solved. Another problem is the long-term sealing performance, especially the hermetic sealing performance.

[0011] For example, non-sealing in the area of the electrodes of the battery cell and the electrode feed-through of the casing of the battery cell and / or capacitor and / or supercapacitor may impair the sealing performance. Such non-sealing may occur, for example, due to the load of temperature changes and mechanical alternating loads such as vibrations inside the vehicle, or due to the deterioration of plastics.

[0012] Short circuits and temperature changes in the battery or battery cell can cause the shortening of the lifespan of the battery or battery cell. Equally important is the sealing performance when an accident or emergency occurs.

[0013] For example, in order to ensure better durability during an accident, German Patent Application Publication No. 10105877 proposes a casing for a lithium-ion battery with a metal jacket that opens and closes on both sides.

[0014] The current connection parts and electrodes are insulated with plastics. The disadvantages of plastic insulation are that it has limitations in heat resistance, has limitations in mechanical durability, deteriorates over the service life, and the sealing performance is no longer ensured.

[0015] Thus, in the lithium-ion batteries and capacitors according to the prior art, the current feed-through is not encapsulated in a hermetic seal, for example, in the cover part of the lithium-ion battery. For example, in the prior art, depending on the test specifications, the helium leak rate typically reaches a maximum of 1×10 -6 mbar·l·s -1 at a pressure difference of 1 bar. Further, the electrodes are crimped, and laser-welded connection components with added insulators are arranged in the battery space.

[0016] From German Patent Application Publication No. 2733948, an alkaline battery in which an insulator such as glass or ceramic is directly connected to a metal part by fusion is known.

[0017] One of the metal parts is electrically connected to the anode of the alkaline battery, and the other is electrically connected to the cathode of the alkaline battery. The metal used in German Patent Application Publication No. 2733948 is iron or steel. German Patent Application Publication No. 2733948 does not describe light metals such as aluminum. Also, German Patent Application Publication No. 2733948 does not describe the melting temperature of the glass or ceramic material. The alkaline battery described in German Patent Application Publication No. 2733948 is a battery having an alkaline electrolyte containing sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide according to German Patent Application Publication No. 2733948. German Patent Application Publication No. 2733948 does not mention lithium-ion batteries.

[0018] From German Patent No. 69804378 or European Patent No. 0885874, a method for producing an asymmetric organic carboxylic acid ester and a method for producing an anhydrous organic electrolyte for an alkaline-ion battery are known. An electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium-ion cell is also described in German Patent No. 69804378 or European Patent No. 0885874.

[0019] The material of the cell substrate that houses the vias is not specified; only the material of the terminal pins is specified, which may consist of titanium, aluminum, nickel alloy, or stainless steel.

[0020] German Patent No. 69923805 or European Patent No. 0954045 describes an RF feedthrough with improved electrical efficiency. The feedthrough known from European Patent No. 0954045 is not a glass-metal feedthrough. European Patent No. 0954045 states that a glass-metal feedthrough formed directly within the metal wall of packaging, for example, is undesirable because such an RF feedthrough lacks durability due to the brittleness of glass.

[0021] German Patent No. 69023071 or European Patent No. 0412655 describes a glass-metal feedthrough for batteries or other electrochemical cells, in which the glass has a content of about 45% by weight of SiO2 and the metal is an alloy containing molybdenum and / or chromium and / or nickel. The use of light metals is hardly described in German Patent No. 69023071, as is the melting temperature or melting point of the glass used. Furthermore, according to German Patent No. 69023071 or European Patent No. 0412655, the material for the pin-shaped conductor is an alloy containing molybdenum, niobium, or tantalum.

[0022] U.S. Patent No. 7,687,200 describes a glass-metal feedthrough for lithium-ion batteries. According to U.S. Patent No. 7,687,200, the housing was made of stainless steel and the pin conductors were made of platinum / iridium. U.S. Patent No. 7,687,200 describes TA23 glass and CABAL-12 glass as glass materials. According to U.S. Patent No. 5,015,530, this is a CaO-MgO-Al2O3-B2O3 system with a melting temperature of 1025°C or 800°C. Furthermore, a glass composition for a glass-metal feedthrough for lithium batteries is known from U.S. Patent No. 5,015,530, but this composition contains CaO, Al2O3, B2O3, SrO and BaO, and its melting temperature is in the range of 650°C to 750°C, which is therefore too high for use with light metals.

[0023] U.S. Patent No. 10,910,609, published after this application, describes battery housings, particularly electrical feedthroughs for microbatteries, and uses borosilicate glass as the glass material. Specific glass materials mentioned include CaBAl-12 glass and BaBAl-1 glass. U.S. Patent No. 10,910,609 does not describe the thermal expansion coefficients of the glass material, substrate, and conductor.

[0024] From U.S. Patent No. 4,841,101, a feedthrough is known in which substantially pin-shaped conductors are glass-sealed to a metal ring using a glass material. In this case, the metal ring is inserted into an opening or bore of the housing and connected to the inner wall or bore, for example, by soldering after the insertion of the solder ring, particularly by material connection. The metal ring is made of a metal having a thermal expansion coefficient substantially the same as or similar to that of the glass material in order to counteract the high thermal expansion coefficient of the aluminum of the battery housing. In the embodiments described in U.S. Patent No. 4,841,101, the length of the metal ring is always shorter than the bore or opening of the housing.

[0025] From International Publication Nos. 2012 / 167921, 2012 / 110242, 2012 / 110246, and 2012 / 110244, feedthroughs that pass through housing components of storage device enclosures are known. In these feedthroughs, a cross section of glass or glass-ceramic material passes through an opening.

[0026] German Patent Application Publication No. 2733948 describes a feedthrough that penetrates a battery housing component, the housing component having at least one opening, the opening containing a conductive material and a glass or glass-ceramic material, the conductive material being formed as a cap-like element. However, German Patent Application Publication No. 2733948 does not specify at all what material the conductor is made of. Furthermore, German Patent Application Publication No. 2733948 provides little information about the thickness or wall thickness of the cap-like element.

[0027] U.S. Patent No. 6,190,798 describes a battery with a feedthrough having an opening, in which a cap-like element is fitted into the opening in an insulating material, which may be glass or resin, as the conductor. U.S. Patent No. 6,190,798 does not specify the thickness or wall thickness of the cap-like element at all.

[0028] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 0364735 describes a battery with a cap-like cover having a reduced-thickness region as a safety outlet in case of pressure overload.

[0029] A conical overpressure safety section is known from International Publication No. 2014 / 176533. International Publication No. 2014 / 176533 does not describe its use in batteries.

[0030] German Patent Application Publication No. 102007063188 describes a battery having at least one individual cell enclosed in a housing and a housing-like overpressure protection section in the form of one or more predetermined rupture points or one or more rupture discs.

[0031] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 6,433,276 describes a feedthrough in which a metal housing component, a conductor, and a glass material have substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion.

[0032] From Chinese Utility Model No. 209691814, an explosion-proof enclosure for an electric storage device is known.

[0033] German Patent Application Publication No. 102014016601 describes housing components with feedthroughs, particularly housing components for battery housings or capacitor housings, wherein a conductor, particularly a substantially pin-shaped conductor, in a glass or glass-ceramic material having glass material outer dimensions and glass sealing length is passed through a feedthrough opening, the component having a reinforcing portion having the thickness of the component through-opening in the region of the feedthrough opening, the thickness of the component through-opening being greater than the thickness of the component, and the reinforcing portion having reinforcing material outer dimensions.

[0034] A housing component comprising at least two bodies made of light metal is known from European Patent Application Publication No. 3588606. According to European Patent Application Publication No. 3588606, the first body is made of light metal, and the second body is made of light metal having a welding accelerator, particularly in the form of an alloy component of the light metal. A welded joint is formed between the first body and the second body.

[0035] German Patent Application Publication No. 102013006463 describes a battery feedthrough, preferably for lithium-ion batteries, preferably for lithium-ion secondary batteries, comprising at least one substrate having at least one opening for passing at least one conductor, particularly a substantially pin-shaped conductor, within an electrical insulating material comprising or comprising a sealing glass, wherein the substrate comprises or comprises a light metal and / or light metal alloy, preferably selected from aluminum, magnesium, titanium, aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy or AlSiC. The sealing glass according to German Patent Application Publication No. 102013006463 is a titanate glass with a low phosphate content.

[0036] German Patent Application Publication No. 102017221426 describes a particular type of feedthrough. The feedthrough known from German Patent Application Publication No. 102017221426 includes a plurality of glass-sealed conductors at an opening, and the plurality of glass-sealed conductors are connected by planar conductors.

[0037] International Publication No. 2020 / 104571, published after this application, shows an electrical storage device with a feedthrough, which is fitted into a battery cover component with a collar. Furthermore, International Publication No. 2020 / 104571, published after this application, also shows that a flexible flange may be provided in the area of ​​the feedthrough.

[0038] German Patent No. 112012000900 specifies a feedthrough glass, particularly the following components in molar percentage: P2O5: 37-50 mol%, especially 39-48 mol%, Al2O30-14 mol%, especially 2-12 mol%, B2O3 2-10 mol%, especially 4-8 mol%, Na2O 0-30 mol%, especially 0-20 mol%, M2O 0-20 mol%, particularly 12-19 mol%, where M = K, Cs, Rb. Li2O 0-42 mol%, particularly 0-40 mol%, preferably 17-40 mol%, BaO 0-20 mol%, particularly 0-20 mol%, preferably 5-20 mol, Bi2O3 at least 1 mol%, particularly 1-5 mol%, preferably 2-5 mol% Solder glass containing [unclear] is described, and the glass in German Patent No. 112012000900 is lead-free except for impurities.

[0039] A drawback of all electrical devices in the prior art, particularly storage devices, was that known electrical devices, especially storage devices, were very large and did not include a compact enclosure. As a result, the dimensions of storage devices became large, especially in height. Another problem in conventional electrical devices with feedthroughs was the use of plastic for electrical insulation. For example, German Patent Application Publication No. 2733948 describes nylon, polyethylene, and polypropylene as insulating materials. Furthermore, there was the drawback that the pressing force of the metal pins introduced into the insulating material was very small.

[0040] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to present an electrical device, particularly a storage device, that avoids the drawbacks of the prior art.

[0041] In particular, it is desirable to present a small, compact, sealed storage device that can be used as a microbattery and preferably has sufficient sealing properties. It is also desirable that sufficient sealing properties are provided even when the material is heated by laser welding.

[0042] Furthermore, it is desirable that the housing be made thinner, which leads not only to compactness but also to material savings. In addition, it is desirable that reliable electrical insulation be provided for conductors, especially metal pins, inserted into the through-openings of the housing. In this case, the objective is to provide a storage device that is compact in itself, and that provides as much capacity as possible inside the housing, thereby allowing the battery and / or capacitor to have the largest possible capacity. Therefore, the storage device having a feedthrough according to the present invention is particularly suitable for microbatteries. Accordingly, the present invention also relates in particular to hermetic-sealed microbatteries having a feedthrough as shown in this application.

[0043] Typical applications of microbatteries include, for example, active RFID and / or medical devices such as hearing aids, blood pressure sensors, and / or wireless headphones. In this context, the term is frequently used and therefore generally known. Similarly, microbatteries are also attracting attention in relation to the "Internet of Things."

[0044] According to the present invention, this problem is solved by the electrical device, particularly the storage device, described in claim 1, in a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] According to a further aspect of the present invention, this problem is solved by an electrical device having a flexible flange as described in claim 22.

[0046] According to a third aspect of the present invention, this problem is solved by a microbattery according to claim 36, wherein a pressurized glass seal exists because the thermal expansion coefficient of the housing or substrate is greater than that of the glass material.

[0047] Electrical devices, particularly storage devices, include feedthroughs having openings, the openings of which are glass-sealed conductors, also known as contact elements.

[0048] The present invention is characterized in that the housing component includes an opening extending about an axis. The housing component has a first region where the opening is provided, and a second region adjacent to the opening and the first region that applies pressure to the glass seal. Furthermore, according to the present invention, the first region has a width W substantially perpendicular to the axis of the opening. According to the present invention, the width W that applies pressure in pressurized glass sealing is always greater than the thickness or material thickness D2 of the housing component in the opening or the second region adjacent to the first region. Sufficient prestress for pressurized glass sealing is applied to the glass or glass-ceramic material by a metal having a width W and a third coefficient of thermal expansion α3 that is always greater than the second coefficient of thermal expansion α2 of the glass material. The conductor or metal pin has a first coefficient of thermal expansion α1.

[0049] Thickness or material thickness D2, D of the housing component adjacent to the opening E The width is preferably 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm. The width W of the first region to which the required prestress is applied is in the range of 0.6 mm to 1 mm, preferably in the range of 0.7 mm to 0.9 mm. The conductive material, especially the conductor, is preferably 11 × 10 -6 It has a first thermal expansion coefficient α1 up to 1 / K. The second thermal expansion coefficient α2 of the glass or glass ceramic material is preferably 9 to 11 × 10 -6 The range is 1 / K, and the coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of housing components, especially plate-shaped components, is 12~19 × 10 -6 The range is 1 / K. Due to the large coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of the housing material, especially the plate-shaped components, stress is applied to the glass material by the plate-shaped components, resulting in pressurized glass sealing.

[0050] Compared to a fitted feedthrough where the expansion coefficients α1, α2, and α3 are substantially the same, pressurized glass sealing has the advantage that prestress is always applied to the pressurized glass sealing by the housing component surrounding the opening, thus reliably avoiding the non-sealing that can occur after the laser welding process in a fitted feedthrough.

[0051] An electrical device according to the present invention having a feed-through that penetrates a housing component in the form of a plate-like component, particularly an electrical storage device or a sensor housing, preferably a battery, particularly a micro battery or a capacitor, preferably has a material thickness or thickness in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably 0.15 mm to 0.8 mm, particularly 0.15 mm to 0.6 mm. As the material of the housing component or the plate-like component and / or the conductor, metal, particularly iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSiC, magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, copper or titanium or titanium alloy is used. The housing component has at least one opening as part of the feed-through, and this opening houses a conductive material in a glass or glass-ceramic material, particularly a conductor made of a conductive material.

[0052] As a particularly preferred material for the housing component, particularly the plate-like component, duplex stainless steel or austenitic stainless steel is used.

[0053] Duplex stainless steel is a steel having a two-phase structure composed of a ferrite (α-iron) matrix having islands of austenite. Duplex stainless steel combines the properties of chromium-based stainless steel (ferritic or martensitic) and chromium-nickel-based stainless steel (austenitic). It is stronger than chromium-nickel-based stainless steel but has higher ductility than chromium-based stainless steel. The expansion coefficient of duplex stainless steel is α3≒15×10 -6 1 / K, and the expansion coefficient of austenitic stainless steel is α3≒18×10 -6 1 / K.

[0054] The conductor is preferably made of ferritic stainless steel and is formed as a pin made of ferritic stainless steel having an expansion coefficient of α1≒10~11×10 -6 1 / K. The glass material is preferably a glass material having an expansion coefficient in the range of α2 = 9~11×10 -6 1 / K.

[0055] In a first embodiment of the present invention, a plate-like component is provided that includes a first region having an opening and a significantly thinner second region adjacent to the first region having the opening. Such a housing component, in particular a plate-like component, can be manufactured by press-forming the plate-like component from, for example, a thickness of 0.6 mm or material thickness D1 to, for example, a thickness D2. In this case, glass sealing is performed on the opening having a wall thickness corresponding to, for example, a thickness D1. The width W of the first region having a thickness D1 around the opening is large enough to apply the necessary prestress of the metal to the glass material. The width W of the annular region around the opening having glass or glass-ceramic material is 0.6 mm to 1 mm.

[0056] Instead of glass sealing a plate-like component having a thickness D1 and eliminating press working, it may be provided that a thin plate-like component having, for example, a thickness D2 of about 0.2 mm includes the collar, which is preferably a highly curved, deformed collar. Naturally, in further embodiments, press working from thickness D1 to thickness D2 can be omitted, in which case thickness D1 is substantially equal to thickness D2.

[0057] In particularly advantageous embodiments, the housing component and the collar are integrated, but this is not required. To apply the necessary prestress to the glass or glass-ceramic material even when the collar is pulled up, the collar is provided not only to be pulled upward to provide a glass sealing length EL, but also to include recesses and / or protrusions or convexities. The protrusions and / or recesses provide a width W for sufficient prestress for pressurized glass sealing, even if the wall thickness of the pulled-up collar is very thin, corresponding to the wall thickness of a plate-like component, for example, as little as 0.2 mm. In this case, the rigid shape of the collar with recesses / convexities provides the necessary prestress to the glass or glass-ceramic material. The length of the inner wall, which determines the glass sealing length and is represented by EL, is in the range of 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm, particularly in the range of 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, and is formed by the pulled-up edge.

[0058] By using the solution according to the present invention, pressure glass sealing is possible even with very thin plate-like components instead of solid plates, which may be designed as less expensive drawing components. By selecting the coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of the housing component or plate-like component, it is possible to adjust the prestress on the glass and the pull-out force of the glass-sealed conductor.

[0059] The glass-sealed conductor is preferably made of ferritic stainless steel.

[0060] To avoid short circuits between the terminals of a storage device, such as a battery or capacitor, and its metal housing, an insulating element may be provided on a glass or glass-ceramic material, particularly one made of plastic, glass, or glass-ceramic, and particularly covering the front surface of a collar or plate-like component. Instead of a separate insulating element, a glass material, such as foamed glass, may be provided that protrudes beyond the edge. Preferably, the surface plane of the collar is located below the surface plane of the electrical conductor through which the feedthrough passes. In particular, it is preferable that the surface of the insulating element is coplanar with the surface of the electrical conductor inserted into the opening of the feedthrough.

[0061] The present invention presents an electrical device, particularly a storage device, having a feedthrough that allows conductors to be brought into contact and secures as much installation space as possible inside the housing. Furthermore, the device according to the present invention is finished in a hermetic seal state and exhibits improved compatibility with fragile seals, particularly when mechanical and / or pressure loads are applied in the area between the contact and the seal. In particular, the increased installation space contributes to increasing the capacity of the storage device.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, the electrical device includes or is connected to a flexible flange.

[0063] The flexible flange preferably includes a connecting region that serves to connect a housing component having an opening, particularly a plate-shaped component, to a housing, such as the housing of a storage device, together with a conductor glass-sealed in a glass or glass-ceramic material. The connection between the housing component, including the feedthrough, and the housing can be made by welding, particularly laser welding, but it can also be made by soldering. For example, a welded connection can be made with a He leak rate of 1 × 10⁻¹⁶ at a pressure difference of 1 bar. -8 This results in a He leak rate of less than mbar l / s. As a result, the He leak rate is the same as in the case of glass-sealed conductors, and hermetic sealed enclosures for storage devices, especially batteries, are provided.

[0064] In the case of a flexible flange, for example, there is a free space formed between the upper edge that provides the glass sealing length EL and the connection area to the adjacent housing, so that the pressure acting on the glass material can be reliably compensated. The flexibility of the flange prevents glass breakage during temperature fluctuations, for example, or cancels out tensile and compressive stresses caused by laser welding.

[0065] Even when using flexible flanges, it is advantageous to select austenitic stainless steel or duplex stainless steel as the material for the flexible flange so that sufficient prestress can be applied to the glass material. Austenitic stainless steel has a thermal expansion coefficient α of 16-18 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 or 16-18 x 10 -6 The range is 1 / K, and duplex stainless steel is 13-14 × 10 -6 K -1 The range is 9-10 × 10. -6 K -1 It is preferable that the coefficient of thermal expansion of ferritic steel is 10 to 12 × 10. -6 K -1Because of the range, ferritic steel is preferably used for the adapted feedthrough. This is because it can be selected so that the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass material is substantially the same as that of the substrate material or the material of the ring surrounding the glass material. For pressurized glass seals, flanges made of austenitic stainless steel and duplex stainless steel are preferred. This is because these materials allow sufficient compressive stress to be applied even with short glass seal lengths.

[0066] In the case of an electrical storage device, a particularly compact electrical storage device is provided when the total assembled height is in the range of a maximum of 40 mm, preferably a maximum of 20 mm, particularly preferably a maximum of 5 mm, particularly particularly a maximum of 4 mm, preferably a maximum of 3 mm, particularly particularly 1 mm to 40 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 5 mm, and preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, as in the case of a micro battery.

[0067] The diameter of these micro batteries ranges from 20mm to 3mm, particularly in the range of 8mm to 16mm.

[0068] Glass or glass-ceramic materials may contain fillers that play a role in regulating the thermal expansion of the glass or glass-ceramic material in particular.

[0069] Preferably, aluminoborate glass mainly composed of Al2O3, B2O3, BaO, and SiO2 is used as the glass or glass ceramic material. Preferably, the coefficient of thermal expansion of such glass material is 9.0 to 9.5 ppm / K, or 9.0 to 9.5 × 10 -6 This range is 1 / K and therefore the range of thermal expansion coefficients of the metals forming the housing and / or metal pins. The thermal expansion coefficient is particularly advantageous when using stainless steel, especially ferritic stainless steel, or austenitic stainless steel, or duplex stainless steel. In such cases, the thermal expansion coefficient of stainless steel is similar to that of aluminoborate glass.

[0070] The prestress of pressurized glass sealing is substantially determined by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients of the housing components, particularly plate components. To apply sufficient prestress, the thermal expansion coefficient α3 of the housing or plate component should be 2 to 6 × 10⁻¹⁰ greater than the thermal expansion coefficient α2 of the glass material and / or the thermal expansion coefficient α1 of the conductor. -6 1 / K is large.

[0071] If the housing component, particularly the battery cover, includes a collar, the collar provides the glass seal length EL required for glass sealing. For housing components with a collar, a vertical bend is preferred, i.e., the upper or lower region is perpendicular to the first surface of the housing component. This increases the contact area between the insulator and the housing component, enabling particularly stable glass sealing of the conductor. Bending or deforming thin housing materials, particularly plate-like components, to raise or lower the housing cover provides the length required for reliable glass sealing. The glass seal length EL is preferably 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm, preferably about 0.6 mm. The conductor is introduced into the through-opening in a hermetic seal state by glass or glass-ceramic material. A hermetic seal is defined as a He leak rate of 1 × 10⁻¹⁶ at a pressure difference of 1 bar. -8 It is considered to be mbar l / s.

[0072] Similarly, recesses / protrusions having the width W required to apply prestress can be obtained very easily by deformation processing of thin housing parts or plate-shaped parts, for example, by bending.

[0073] To avoid damage to the glass or glass-ceramic material due to, for example, temperature changes after glass sealing, it is advantageous for the area above or below the collar to include a flexible flange for connecting the feedthrough to a housing, such as a battery housing. The flange itself includes an area where the feedthrough is connected to the housing component, a so-called connection area. The connection to the housing component can be made by welding, particularly ultrasonic welding or soldering.

[0074] Flexible flanges can be obtained very easily. For example, a first plate-like component with a thickness D1 surrounding the opening can be press-formed to a thickness D2, and then the portion with thickness D2 can be deformed after the press-forming to form a flexible flange. Alternatively, a plate-like component with a thickness of D2 can be formed into a flexible flange, and the lifted plate-like component or collar can accommodate the glass seal.

[0075] In particular, when the flexible flange and the raised region include austenitic steel or duplex steel as materials, glass sealing to the raised flexible flange, especially the collar of the flexible flange, is possible.

[0076] In addition to electrical devices, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing electrical devices, particularly electrical storage devices, and especially batteries or capacitors.

[0077] In a first embodiment, a method for manufacturing an electrical device having a feedthrough, wherein the housing component has at least one opening as part of the feedthrough, and the opening houses a conductive material, particularly a conductor, in glass or glass-ceramic material, includes the following steps: - In the first step, a plate-shaped part having a material thickness or thickness D1 is provided. - An opening is provided in the plate-shaped part, - Outside the area surrounding the opening, the plate-shaped part is press-formed to a thickness of D2, that is, the thickness of the plate-shaped part is significantly reduced. - Insert the conductor in the glass or glass ceramic material into the opening in the thick, unpressed portion. - After insertion, the plate-shaped component with the material inserted into the opening is heated to perform pressurized glass sealing of the conductor within the glass or glass-ceramic material.

[0078] The thickness D1 of the plate-shaped part to be glass-sealed is 0.4 mm to 1 mm, preferably 0.6 mm. The thickness D2 of the thin pressed portion is 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm, preferably 0.2 mm.

[0079] In the second embodiment, a thin plate-shaped component with a thickness D2 is used, and the collar is raised around the opening by deformation processing to achieve the required glass sealing length provided by the thick plate-shaped component with a thickness of approximately 0.6 mm in the first embodiment of the present invention. According to the present invention, a collar having a recess and / or protrusion having a width W is provided. After the collar is manufactured by deformation processing, a conductor in glass or glass-ceramic material is inserted into the opening having the collar, and the plate-shaped component with the material inserted into the opening is heated to perform pressurized glass sealing of the conductor in glass or glass-ceramic material.

[0080] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the figures, but the present invention is not limited thereto. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0081] [Figure 1a] This is a cross-sectional view of a housing component, particularly a battery cover, having an opening for glass sealing of a conductor, showing that a plate-shaped component adjacent to the opening has been press-formed to a low material thickness according to the first embodiment. [Figure 1b] Figure 1a is a cross-sectional view of a housing component in which a conductor is glass-sealed in the opening. [Figure 2a] This is a cross-sectional view of a housing component, particularly a battery cover, having an opening for glass sealing a conductor, showing that a plate-like component includes a collar, and this collar provides a wall for glass sealing the conductor into the opening having the collar. [Figure 2b] Figure 2a is a cross-sectional view of the housing component in which a conductor is glass-sealed in the opening. [Figure 3] This is a cross-sectional view of a housing component, particularly a battery cover, having an opening for glass sealing of a conductor, showing that the battery cover includes a flexible flange. [Figure 4] Figure 3 is a detailed view of a housing component having a flexible flange. [Figure 5] This figure shows a housing component having a flexible flange obtained by deformation processing of a plate-shaped part with a thickness of D2. [Figure 6]Figure 5 shows a housing component having a flexible flange, and for example, it shows the glass sealing length EL required for ferritic stainless steel. [Figure 7] Figure 5 shows a housing component having a flexible flange, and illustrates the glass seal length EL required for duplex stainless steel or austenitic stainless steel. [Figure 8] Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 show a micro battery equipped with a housing component or battery cover according to the present invention. [Figure 9a] This figure shows a feedthrough having a conductor, including a terminal head. [Figure 9b] This figure shows a feedthrough having a conductor, including a terminal head. [Figure 9c] This figure shows a feedthrough having a conductor, including a terminal head. [Figure 10a] This figure shows a conductor glass-sealed to an opening in a housing component, particularly a substrate, without a meniscus of glass or glass-ceramic material surrounding the housing component, particularly the substrate. [Figure 10b] This figure shows a conductor glass-sealed at an opening in a housing component, particularly a substrate, with a meniscus of glass or glass-ceramic material surrounding the housing component, particularly the substrate.

[0082] Figure 1a shows a housing component or plate-shaped component 1 according to the present invention as part of a housing, particularly a housing for a storage device, such as a battery, particularly a microbattery as shown in Figure 8. The plate-shaped component includes an opening 3 into which a conductor in a glass material can be glass-sealed. The glass-sealed conductor is not shown in Figure 1a. Figure 1b shows a plate-shaped component with a conductor inserted. The thin portion 5 of the plate-shaped component having the opening 3 as part of a housing for a storage device is manufactured by press working of the plate-shaped component. That is, for glass sealing of a conductor in a glass or glass-ceramic material, first a plate-shaped object having a sufficient wall thickness of, for example, 0.6 mm is provided. Furthermore, an opening is made in the plate-shaped component with sufficient wall thickness by a punching process. For example, after making the opening 3 in the plate-shaped component 1 by a punching process, the thickness of the plate-shaped component having a thickness or material thickness D1 is reduced in the region 5, for example, by press working. The thickness of the plate-shaped component into which glass sealing is performed is, for example, 0.6 mm, and the thickness of the press-worked portion of the plate-shaped component is, for example, only 0.2 mm.

[0083] Figure 1a shows the thickness D1 of the plate-like material in the region of the opening where glass sealing is performed. The thickness D1 corresponds to the length required for pressurized glass sealing of the conductor within the glass or glass-ceramic material, as shown in Figure 1b. Based on the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the plate-like or housing component and the glass or glass-ceramic material or conductor, the glass or glass-ceramic material is prestressed by the material thickness or thickness D1, thereby providing pressurized glass sealing of the conductor. To provide this prestress, the region of thickness D1 substantially perpendicular to the axis A of the opening 3 includes a width W. The width W ensures that the metal or metal ring surrounding the opening is subjected to the prestress required for pressurized glass sealing. Pressurized glass sealing is performed when the helium leak rate is 1 × 10⁻¹⁶ at a pressure difference of 1 bar. -8A characteristic feature is that it is less than mbar / lsec. According to the present invention, the coefficient of thermal expansion α1 of the conductor and the coefficient of thermal expansion α2 of the glass material are different from the coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of the plate-shaped component or housing material. In order to apply the required prestress, the coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of the plate-shaped component or housing material is about 2 to 8 × 10⁻¹⁰ greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the conductor or glass-ceramic material. -6 It is only 1 / K larger. The coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of enclosure components, especially plate-shaped components, is, for example, 12~19 × 10 -6 The thermal expansion coefficient of conductive materials or glass or glass ceramics is in the range of 1 / K, and is 9-11 × 10⁻⁶. -6 It is in the range of 1 / K.

[0084] The housing components preferably have a coefficient of thermal expansion of about 15 × 10 -6 Duplex stainless steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 1 / K, or approximately 18 × 10⁻⁶. -6 It consists of a 1 / K austenitic material. In the illustrated embodiments of housing or plate components, pressurized glass sealing is provided even when the wall thickness of the plate is very thin and the glass sealing length is only 0.6 mm. Even with a plate thickness of only 0.6 mm, sufficient prestress is provided for pressurized glass sealing by using a ring of thickness D1 around the opening.

[0085] The battery housing is connected to the remaining housing components by, for example, welding, through protrusions 7 introduced into the thin plate-shaped component in the region of the thin plate-shaped component with a thickness D2.

[0086] Figure 1b shows the housing component according to Figure 1a, which has a glass sealing ring 9 with a thickness D1 and a conductor 20 glass-sealed to the glass sealing ring 9. The glass material housing the conductor 20 is designated with reference number 22. The thickness of the pressed plate-like component 5 on the outside of the glass sealing ring is D2. The width W of the glass ring is for applying the compressive pressure required for pressurized glass sealing.

[0087] In a further embodiment, it may be provided that the thickness D2 is equal to the thickness D1.

[0088] In an alternative embodiment, as shown in Figures 1a and 1b, instead of the glass sealing ring, the plate-like material used may generally have a thickness D2, and the edge 30 required for glass sealing may be provided in the region of the opening 3 not by a solid plate-like component, but by raising or lowering the edge 40 of a thin plate-like component 5. In this case, the raised edge 40 exists in the shape of a collar. As shown in Figure 2b, the conductor 20 in the glass material 22 is glass-sealed to the raised collar 40. The collar 40 includes a recess 42 and a protrusion 44. The recess provides some flexibility to prevent glass breakage, and the protrusion has a width W substantially perpendicular to the axis A, ensuring that sufficient prestress is applied by the housing component. The width W is about 0.6 mm in the described embodiment. The conductor glass-sealed to the opening in the region of the collar is subjected to sufficient prestress for pressurized glass sealing.

[0089] The advantage of the method according to Figures 2a and 2b compared to the method according to Figures 1a and 1b is that press working of the plate-like material is unnecessary, and only deformation of a plate-like material having a continuous plate-like material thickness D2 is required so that the collar 40 is formed to have a recess 42 and a protrusion 44 at a height corresponding to the glass sealing length EL. The glass sealing length EL is, for example, 0.6 mm, and is therefore equal to the thickness D1 of the embodiment according to Figures 1a and 1b. The thickness D2 of the plate-like part from which the collar is obtained by pulling is, for example, D2 = 0.2 mm.

[0090] Based on the different thermal expansion coefficients α3 of the plate-shaped component, which are significantly higher than the thermal expansion coefficient of the conductor or glass or glass material, sufficient prestress is provided for pressurized glass sealing of the conductor 20 by the raised collar 40 having the protrusions 44 as shown in Figures 2a and 2b. The conductor glass-sealed in the opening 3 has an α1 of 10-11 × 10 as shown in Figure 2b. -6 Made of ferritic stainless steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion of 1 / K, the material for plate-shaped parts, housing parts, and collars has a coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of 15-18 × 10⁻¹⁰. -6It is a duplex stainless steel or austenitic stainless steel in the 1 / K range.

[0091] Compared to a solid plate, the version according to the present invention shown in Figures 2a and 2b is characterized by a very thin wall thickness D2. The pressing force of the conductor 20 is determined by the prestress caused by a protrusion 44 of width W applied to the glass by a plate-like component or housing component.

[0092] Figure 3 shows an embodiment in which the housing component 1 for an electric storage device includes a flexible flange 310. As shown in Figure 5, the flange 310 serves to connect the feedthrough or housing component or battery component 1 having an opening 3 to the housing, for example, the housing of a storage device, together with a conductor glass-sealed in glass or glass-ceramic material. The connection between the plate-shaped component with the opening and the housing can be made by welding, particularly laser welding, but it can also be made by soldering. This connection is suitable for a He leak rate of 1 × 10⁻¹⁶ at a pressure difference of 1 bar. -8The pressure is less than mbar l / s. Thus, the He leak rate is the same as in the case of a glass-sealed conductor, and a hermetic seal housing for storage devices, particularly batteries, is provided. Based on the raised region that provides the glass seal length EL, i.e., the free space F formed between the edge 300 and the connecting region 380, which is identified with the raised collar in the embodiments shown in Figures 2a and 2b, the pressure acting on the glass material can be reliably compensated. The flexibility of the flange 310 prevents glass breakage, for example, during temperature fluctuations. In particular, the flexibility of the flange 310 avoids tensile and compressive stresses that occur, for example, during laser welding. In this way, tensile and compressive stresses can be relieved. The glass seal length EL is provided by a plate-like component having a thickness D2 and width W, for example, 0.2 mm, which is press-formed as shown in Figures 1a and 1b and then formed into a flexible flange. The glass seal is performed at the opening 3 of the housing component, and the region of the housing component that prestresses the glass material is provided with 300. The width W of the flexible flange serves to provide prestress to the glass material. As shown in Figure 3, the width W of the flexible flange extends beyond the wall thickness of the plate-like portion where the glass sealing takes place, reaching the region of the flexible flange.

[0093] The housing component, preferably a plate-shaped component, is part of the housing of an electric storage device, and is particularly a battery cover. Laser welding of the illustrated housing component 1 to the rest of the housing is performed at the tip 302 of the flexible flange 380. In the region of the tip 302, the flange thickness is reduced, for example, to only 0.15 mm instead of 0.2 mm for the plate-shaped component. The reduced flange 380 in the region of the tip 302 of the housing component having an opening or feedthrough can be directly connected to the rest of the housing of the electric storage device by laser welding, thereby obtaining the electric storage device. Laser welding heats the entire component, including the glass or glass-ceramic material. In the case of a feedthrough without pressurized glass sealing, the input of heat may cause the feedthrough, i.e., the glass and / or glass-ceramic material, to crack, resulting in a non-sealing of the feedthrough. This is avoided in pressurized glass sealing. The housing of the storage device includes a housing component having an opening or feedthrough according to the present invention. Because housing components with feedthroughs or openings are very compact due to the extremely thin material thickness D2 of the housing component or battery cover, which is only 0.1 mm to 1 mm, it is possible to provide a very compact storage device, especially a microbattery, when such a plate-like component is attached to the rest of the housing of the storage device as part of the feedthrough of the battery housing, for example by welding, in the area of ​​the tip 302 of the flexible flange.

[0094] Figure 4 shows the flexible flange 380 in detail. Components identical to those in Figure 3 are given the same reference numerals. In Figure 4, the thickness D of the flexible flange is shown instead of the width W as in Figure 3. E This indicates the wall thickness of the plate-like portion where glass sealing is performed. Wall thickness D E This can be compared with the thickness D2 of the second plate-like portion, and here again, according to the present invention, the width W is equal to the wall thickness D E It is larger than that.

[0095] Figure 5 shows one configuration of an embodiment of the present invention having a flexible flange 1380, the flexible flange 1380 having a wall thickness equal to that of the plate-like component, i.e., D2. The flexible flange 1380 is obtained by bending a plate-like material having a thickness D2. The flexible flange includes a collar similarly formed by bending, where glass sealing takes place. As shown in Figure 5, the width W extends from the region of the ring where glass sealing to the glass material 22 takes place to the region of the flexible flange 1380, similar to Figure 3. When the flexible flange is manufactured from a ferritic material, the prestress is insufficient to provide a reliable pressurized glass seal, especially if the wall thickness of the plate-like portion where glass sealing takes place is thin, because the prestress is insufficient in such cases.

[0096] In particular, to provide such a pressurized glass seal when using steel as the material, the wall thickness D is substantially equivalent to the width W, as shown in Figure 6. 壁 However, this is required along the entire glass sealing length EL. The reason such a large wall thickness of the metal ring is necessary is to allow permanent prestress to be applied to the glass. As can be seen from Figure 6, the wall thickness D 壁 This is significantly larger than the plate thickness D2. The coefficient of thermal expansion of steel, especially standard steel, is 12-13 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 It is within the range.

[0097] However, surprisingly, the coefficient of thermal expansion α is 16-18 × 10⁻⁶ -6 K -1 Austenitic stainless steel materials in the range of 13-14 × 10⁻¹⁰, and materials with a thermal expansion coefficient α of 13-14 × 10⁻¹⁰. -6 K -1 When using duplex stainless steel within the specified range, the glass seal length EL is reduced to a length equivalent to the plate thickness D2 of the plate-shaped part, as shown in Figure 7, rather than the total glass seal length EL as shown in Figure 6. 減少It was found that a reliable pressurized glass seal with sufficient prestress can be provided when pressure is applied only to that area. Components identical to those in Figures 5 and 6 are given the same reference numerals. The width W of the region that applies pressure to the glass material is shown in both Figures 5 and 6 and extends to the region of the flexible flange. However, as shown in Figure 6, there is a drawback that cracks occur in the glass material due to the high pressure on the austenitic material in the pressurized glass seal region, which is the pressurized glass seal above.

[0098] Therefore, in designs with the flexible flange 1380 as shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7, a downward-facing pressure glass seal is recommended. In this case, glass cracks are reduced. This is achieved by using duplex stainless steel in the form of a downward-facing pressure glass seal. In the case of duplex material, the prestress on the glass is smaller compared to austenitic stainless steel, and therefore the pressure difference between the prestress and the external glass zone is also smaller, which leads to a reduction in the risk of glass cracks.

[0099] By selecting various ring materials or materials for the flexible flange on which the glass seal is applied, the pressing force on the pin or conductor can be exerted through various glass prestresses, which also act on the pin or conductor through the glass. This action can be used to provide a safety vent function for the pin or conductor, i.e., to regulate the battery opening in case of overpressure in the battery.

[0100] Further possibilities for controlling the release force of glass-sealed pins or conductors include changing the thickness of the glass seal, using different glass materials, using glass materials with different proportions of air bubbles, structuring the glass surface by the shape of the glass molded part before glass sealing, structuring the glass surface by the shape of the glass molded part during glass sealing, and structuring the glass surface by laser processing after glass sealing. Structuring the glass surface can be achieved, for example, by introducing one or more notches and / or tapers.

[0101] Such safety venting functions can also be achieved by glass-sealed pins and / or notches and / or tapers in the substrate. The measures described above can be implemented individually or in combination. The structuring, in particular the introduction of notches and / or tapers, can be done on one side of the housing component or substrate having an upper and lower surface in the glass, housing component and / or conductor, or on both sides, i.e., both the upper and lower surfaces.

[0102] The advantage of structuring the glass material for safety venting is that, because the glass is precisely dimensionally molded, the trigger point for the safety venting function can be set with great precision. In particular, for safety venting, it is preferable to introduce grooves, for example, into the glass material by laser. This makes it possible to set the pressure applied by the conductor, and thus the trigger point, as intended, regardless of the density of the glass and / or the thickness of the substrate, i.e., the thickness of the ring.

[0103] The pressing or applied pressure on the conductor may also be affected by the glass seal length and / or the formation of the meniscus.

[0104] The safety venting function of the conductor allows for adjustment of the openings of storage devices, particularly batteries, in the event of overpressure during failure.

[0105] In addition to the measures described above, the pressing force of the conductor and, consequently, the safety venting function can be adjusted by one or more of the measures described below: - Glass seal thickness - Use of different glass materials - Different proportions of bubbles in glass - Structured glass surface resulting from the shape of the glass molded part before glass sealing. - Structured glass surface resulting from the shape of the glass molded part during glass sealing. - Structured glass surface resulting from laser processing after glass sealing. - Notches or tapers on one or both sides of the glass material - Formation of glass seal length and meniscus.

[0106] Figure 8 shows an electrical device according to the present invention, in particular a microbattery with a feedthrough or housing component according to the present invention having an opening. The electrical device or microbattery is denoted 10000, and the feedthrough or housing component 1 having an opening is designed as shown in Figures 3 and 4. In Figure 5, the same feedthrough components as in Figures 3 and 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The battery cover having a plate-like component 1 and a flexible flange according to Figures 3 and 4 is tightly connected, in part with the remaining flange 10001 of the housing of the electrical device or microbattery, by welding, particularly laser welding, in a region 1504 having a reduced overhang 10001 as part of the feedthrough. A terminal lug 1400 is connected to a conductor 20 glass-sealed with glass material 22 in the opening 3 of the feedthrough. The battery formed within the housing 10010 is electrically connected via the terminal lug 1400 protruding into the housing 10010. The consolidation connection between the housing cover, which includes an opening 3 as part of the feedthrough, and the rest of the battery housing, which is designed to be cylindrical and directly adjacent to the feedthrough, can be performed by welding. The welding is preferably performed between a plate-like component having the opening as part of the feedthrough and a preferably cylindrical housing component housing the battery in the area of ​​the tip 1504 of the plate-like component. The height of the area welded to the tip 1504 is a maximum of 5 mm, preferably a maximum of 3 mm, and particularly in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm, which determines the assembled height of the microbattery. Consolidation is defined as a He leak rate of 10 at a pressure difference of 1 bar. -8 This means it is less than mbar l / sec. Furthermore, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, a flexible flange is formed, so sufficient elasticity is achieved even after the feedthrough is welded into the housing or to the rest of the housing and after the associated temperature effects. To insulate the flexible flange from the internal conductor 20, the feedthrough shown in Figure 5 includes, in addition to the metal flexible flange, an insulating ring 10030 made of, for example, glass material that covers the glass seal 22.

[0107] Because the feedthrough is compact, the overall height of the microbattery is a maximum of 5 mm, preferably a maximum of 3 mm, and particularly in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm. The dimensions of the plate-like component area as part of the feedthrough with a flexible flange as shown in Figures 3 and 4 are as follows: The diameter of the conductor 20 is 1 mm to 2 mm, preferably 1.5 mm. The diameter of the opening 3 is in the range of 1 mm to 4 mm, preferably 2.5 mm to 3.0 mm. In this example, insulation between the terminal lug 1400 and the plate-like component of the feedthrough is achieved by an insulating ring 10030. Alternatively, foamed glass can be used instead of the insulating ring. The area covered by the insulating glass material is 0.2 mm. The overall width of the plate-like component as part of the feedthrough inserted into the housing is 4.0 mm to 6.0 mm, preferably 4.5 mm. The embodiment shown in Figure 5 is characterized in that the surface of a portion surface 1052 of the housing component is covered with an inorganic material, particularly a glass material or a glass-ceramic material, in order to provide electrical insulation of, for example, the contact lug 1400 to the housing when the feedthrough is inserted.

[0108] Figure 8 shows contact between conductors in a microbattery via bent terminal lugs 1400, as shown in Figure 8, whereas Figure 9a shows a conductor with external terminals. The conductor 20 includes a head portion or terminal head portion 20000 made of a metallic material, preferably the same material as the conductor, positioned on the conductor. Preferably, the head portion is circular with a diameter in the range of 8 to 15 mm. The diameter of the conductor, which is usually circular, is in the range of 4 mm to 8 mm. The diameter of the opening is 6 mm to 10 mm. The glass-sealed conductor 20 is connected to an electrical device (not shown) using the terminal head portion 20000 made of a metallic material. Preferably, the conductor and the terminal head portion 20000 are integral, i.e., the terminal head portion can be obtained by stretching during the stamping process. To prevent short circuits between the terminal head portion 20000 of the conductor 20 and the glass sealing ring 10 of the battery cover, which is also made of a metal material, an insulating element, in particular an insulating washer 20010 made of glass or glass-ceramic material, ceramic or non-conductive organic material, is provided.

[0109] Figure 9b also shows a housing component having a glass sealing ring 10 and a glass-sealed conductor 20 having a terminal head portion 20000 and an insulating washer 20010. It can be clearly seen that the insulating washer 20010 extends to the conductor 20, electrically insulating the entire terminal head portion 20000 from the glass sealing ring 10. The same reference numerals are used for components identical to those in Figure 6a.

[0110] Figure 9c is a top view of a circular glass-sealed ring 10 having a glass-sealed conductor with a terminal head portion 20000. As can be seen from Figure 9c, the terminal head portion 20000 covers 60% to 90%, preferably 70% to 85%, of the area of ​​the opening of the glass-sealed ring 10. The glass-sealed ring 10 can be identified with the housing component having the opening described earlier, that is, the glass-sealed ring has an expansion coefficient α3 that is always greater than the expansion coefficient α2 of the glass material. The glass-sealed ring 10 can also be referred to as the substrate on which glass sealing is performed. Figures 10a and 10b illustrate in detail the glass sealing of the conductor 20 to the opening 3 of the housing component, particularly the substrate, preferably the glass-sealed ring 9, as shown in Figure 1b. In the case of glass sealing according to Figure 10a, since the glass sealing is performed over a longer length than in Figure 10b, a meniscus is not formed from the glass or glass-ceramic material to the housing component, particularly the substrate, preferably the glass-sealed ring 9. The meniscus-less glass sealing design means that virtually no fragments are generated in the glass material. Furthermore, it provides a high pull-out force for the glass-sealed conductor.

[0111] In contrast, Figure 10b shows an embodiment of the present invention in which a meniscus is formed in the glass material relative to the housing component or substrate or glass sealing ring 9. The meniscus is designated with reference number 30000, and the glass or glass ceramic material with reference number 22. The meniscus is formed because the glass sealing length is shorter than that shown in Figure 9a. When glass sealing is performed with a meniscus, the number of fragments increases compared to when a meniscus is not formed in the glass material. The formation of the meniscus significantly reduces the pull-out strength of the glass-sealed metal pins, especially conductors, compared to glass sealing without a meniscus. In other words, in glass sealing where meniscus formation is avoided, the probability of glass fragment formation is reduced, while the pull-out strength is increased. Generally, the smaller the thickness of the substrate to which glass sealing is performed, the stronger the effect of the meniscus. Generally, the longer the glass sealing length, the greater the pull-out force because a meniscus is not formed.

[0112] The feedthrough according to the present invention is used, in particular, for the enclosure of an electrical storage device, especially a battery or capacitor. The extremely flat feedthrough according to the present invention for electrical storage devices makes it possible to provide an electrical storage device with an overall assembly height of up to 5 mm.

[0113] A hermetic seal feedthrough is provided by pressurized glass sealing of a conductor into a glass material.

[0114] Especially when using duplex stainless steel or austenitic steel, a flex flange design, particularly as a pressurized glass seal, achieves a higher pressing force on the pin or conductor. Furthermore, the flex flange design as a pressurized glass seal is mechanically more durable than conventional glass seals and exhibits a higher pressing force on the glass-sealed conductor.

Claims

1. An electrical device having a feedthrough, wherein the feedthrough penetrates a metal housing component (1) of the housing of the device, and the housing component (1) has at least one opening (3) as part of the feedthrough, the opening (3) extending about an axis, a first region of the housing component (1) including the opening (3), a second region of the housing component (1) adjacent to the opening (3), and the opening (3) housing a conductive material in glass or glass ceramic material (22), wherein the first region of the housing component (1) has a width W perpendicular to the axis of the opening (3), and the width W of the first region is equal to the thickness D of the second region. ２ , D Ｅ The conductive material has a first expansion coefficient α which is always greater than α. １ The glass or glass ceramic material (22) has a second coefficient of thermal expansion α ２ The housing component (1) has a third expansion coefficient α ３ The third expansion coefficient α ３ This is the second expansion coefficient α ２ Always larger than, The housing component (1) includes a flexible flange (310), and The flexible flange (310) has a free space F between an upper or lower region where the glass seal is provided and a connecting region where the feedthrough is connected to the housing component (1). The aforementioned flexible flange (310) is made of the following material: - Duplex stainless steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 13 to 14 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ - Austenitic stainless steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 16 to 18 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ It consists of one of the following: An electrical device characterized by the following features.

2. The thickness D ２ , D Ｅ is in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm or 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm, and the electrical device according to claim 1.

3. The electrical device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the width W is in the range of 0.6 mm to 1 mm or 0.7 mm to 0.9 mm.

4. The third expansion coefficient α ３ is 12 x 10 －６ 1 / K ~ 19 x 10 －６ The range is 1 / K, and the second expansion coefficient α ２ is 9 x 10 －６ 1 / K ~ 11 x 10 －６ An electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the range is 1 / K.

5. The first expansion coefficient α １ is 6 x 10 －６ 1 / K ~ 11 x 10 －６ An electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the range is 1 / K.

6. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the metal of the housing or the conductive material is iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSIC, magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper, copper alloy, or titanium or titanium alloy.

7. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the glass material is aluminum borate glass.

8. The aforementioned aluminum borate glass is Al ２ O ３ and B ２ O ３ The electrical apparatus according to claim 7, including the following:

9. The conductive material includes a head portion, as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The first region has a thickness D １ The second region has a thickness D ２ The thickness D of the first region is １ The thickness D of the second region ２ An electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is always greater than

11. The first region has a collar (40) in the region of the opening (3), thereby reducing the thickness D of the second region. ２ An electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein an inner wall having a greater height than the glass or glass ceramic material (22) is formed, and the glass sealing length EL of the glass or glass ceramic material (22) corresponds to the height of the collar (40).

12. The electrical device according to claim 11, wherein the collar (40) is a curved, deformed collar, and the housing component and the collar are integrated.

13. The electrical device according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the collar (40) includes a recess (42) or a projection or convex portion (44) or a recess (42) and a projection or convex portion (44) with a width W.

14. The thickness D of the second region ２ The electrical device according to claim 13, wherein the thickness of the collar, the recess, or the projection is the same as the thickness of the collar, the recess, or the projection.

15. An electrical device according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein insulating elements (10030, 20010) are arranged on the glass or glass ceramic material to cover the front surface of the collar (40) or the housing component (1) of the first region, and the plane of the surface of the collar (40) or the housing component (1) of the first region is located below the plane of the surface of the conductive material, or the surface of the insulating elements is coplanar with the surface of the conductive material.

16. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the electrical device has a total assembled height of a maximum of 40 mm or a maximum of 20 mm.

17. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the flexible flange (310) is connected to the housing by welding or soldering.

18. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the electrical device is an electrical storage device or a sensor housing.

19. The electrical device according to claim 18, wherein the electrical storage device is a battery, a microbattery, or a capacitor.

20. A method for manufacturing an electrical device having a feedthrough, wherein the housing component (1) has at least one opening (3), and the opening (3) houses a conductive material in glass or glass ceramic material (22), wherein the method is - The housing component (1) has a thickness of D １ The steps include providing a plate-shaped part having, - The step of providing an opening (3) in the plate-shaped part, - Outside the area surrounding the opening (3), the plate-shaped component has a thickness D ２ The pressing process is carried out until the thickness D ２ The steps include: deforming the part to form a flexible flange (310), - The step of inserting a conductive material from the glass or glass ceramic material (22) into the opening (3), - The step of heating the plate-shaped component into which the material has been inserted in the opening (3) to perform pressurized glass sealing of the conductive material within the glass material or glass ceramic material. Includes, The aforementioned flexible flange (310) is made of the following material: - Duplex stainless steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 13 to 14 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ - Austenitic stainless steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 16 to 18 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ It consists of one of the following: method.

21. A method for manufacturing an electrical device having a feedthrough, wherein the housing component (1) has at least one opening (3), and the opening (3) houses a conductive material in glass or glass ceramic material (22), wherein the method is - The housing component (1) has a thickness of D ２ The steps include providing a plate-shaped part having, - The step of providing an opening (3) in the plate-shaped part, - Around the opening (3), the collar is raised by deformation processing, and the thickness D ２ The steps include forming a plate-shaped part having a flexible flange (310), - The step of inserting a conductive material made of glass or glass ceramic material into the opening (3) having the collar, - The step of heating the plate-shaped component into which the material has been inserted in the opening (3) to perform pressurized glass sealing of the conductive material within the glass material or glass ceramic material. Includes, The aforementioned flexible flange (310) is made of the following material: - Duplex stainless steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 13 to 14 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ - Austenitic stainless steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 16 to 18 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ It consists of one of the following: method.

22. An electrical device having a feedthrough, wherein the feedthrough penetrates a metal housing component (1) of the housing of the device, and the housing component (1) has at least one opening (3) as part of the feedthrough, the opening (3) extending about an axis, a first region of the housing component (1) including the opening (3), a second region of the housing component (1) adjacent to the opening (3), and the opening (3) housing a conductive material in glass or glass ceramic material (22), wherein the conductive material has a first coefficient of thermal expansion α １ The glass or glass ceramic material (22) has a second coefficient of thermal expansion α ２ The housing component (1) has a third expansion coefficient α ３ The third expansion coefficient α ３ This is the second expansion coefficient α ２ The housing is always larger than the above, and includes a flexible flange (310), the flexible flange (310) having a free space F between an upper or lower region and a connection region to which the feedthrough is connected to the housing component (1), The aforementioned flexible flange (310) is made of the following material: - Duplex stainless steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 13 to 14 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ - Austenitic stainless steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 16 to 18 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ An electrical device characterized by consisting of one of the following.

23. The electrical device according to claim 22, wherein the flexible flange (310) is connected to the housing by welding or soldering.

24. The housing component (1) has a thickness D ２ It is a part of D ２ The electrical device according to claim 22 or 23, wherein is in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm or 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm.

25. The flexible flange (310) is obtained by deformation processing of the housing component (1), and the thickness of the flexible flange (310) is the thickness D of the housing component (1). ２ The electrical device according to claim 24, having the following features.

26. The second expansion coefficient α ２ is 9 x 10 －６ 1 / K ~ 11 x 10 －６ An electrical device according to any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein the range is 1 / K.

27. The first expansion coefficient α １ is 6 x 10 －６ 1 / K ~ 11 x 10 －６ An electrical device according to any one of claims 22 to 26, wherein the range is 1 / K.

28. The electrical device according to any one of claims 22 to 27, wherein the metal of the housing and / or the conductive material is iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSIC, magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper, copper alloy, or titanium or titanium alloy.

29. The housing component (1) has a collar in the region of the opening (3), thereby reducing the thickness D ２ An electrical device according to any one of claims 22 to 28, wherein an inner wall having a greater height than the glass or glass ceramic material is formed, and the glass sealing length EL of the glass or glass ceramic material is determined by the height of the collar (40).

30. The electrical device according to any one of claims 22 to 29, wherein the electrical device has a total assembled height of a maximum of 40 mm or a maximum of 20 mm.

31. The electrical device according to any one of claims 22 to 30, wherein the material of the flexible flange is selected such that the prestress of the glass acts on the conductive material through the glass, thereby adjusting the pressing force of the conductive material.

32. The electrical device according to any one of claims 22 to 31, wherein the safety venting function of the conductive material is adjusted by adjusting the pressing force of the conductive material.

33. The pressing force of the conductive material is determined by the following measures: - The thickness of the glass seal - Use of different glass materials - Different bubble ratios in the glass - Structured glass surface resulting from the shape of the glass molded part before glass sealing. - Structured glass surface resulting from the shape of the glass molded part during the glass sealing process. - Structured glass surface resulting from laser processing after glass sealing. - Notches or tapers on one or both sides of the glass material - Notches or tapers in the conductive material or housing or housing component or substrate The electrical device according to claim 32, which is adjusted by one or more of the following.

34. The electrical device according to any one of claims 22 to 33, wherein the electrical device is an electrical storage device or a sensor housing.

35. The electrical device according to claim 34, wherein the electrical storage device is a battery, a microbattery, or a capacitor.

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