Repair methods for replacement segments and existing manholes

Abstract

To provide a renewal segment capable of being applied to various existing manholes with excellent versatility and having strength that can withstand external forces such as earthquakes, and a repair method of existing manholes.SOLUTION: A renewal segment (11, etc.) covering and hiding an internal surface of an existing manhole 71 is constituted of a front plate 41, a side plate 44, closing plates 45, 46, and a back plate 48, so that the shape and size thereof can be changed freely, can be applied to various existing manholes 71, and has excellent versatility. Moreover, strength and weight of the renewal segments (11, etc.) are increased by injecting a reinforcing filler 51, so as to withstand external forces such as earthquakes, and also prevent the existing manhole 71 from floating up. In addition, since neighboring renewal segments (11 etc.) are connected with bolts 57, there is no need to introduce a fitting structure. Since the bolts 57 are housed inside the renewal segments (11 etc.), there is no interference with work or lifting in repairs and inspections.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an update segment for realizing the extended lifespan of manholes installed in the middle of routes such as sewers, and a method for repairing existing manholes using this update segment.

Background Art

[0002] Sewers play an important role in sending domestic sewage and rainwater to treatment facilities, etc., and are an essential social infrastructure for people's lives. In Japan, large-scale maintenance has been promoted mainly during the period of high economic growth. As a result, the aging of various sewer facilities such as manholes and buried pipes has become serious, but a large amount of cost is required for a full replacement of these. Therefore, it has been considered to repair existing facilities to extend their lifespan, and various technical developments have been advanced regarding the repair of manholes as in the following patent documents.

[0003] In Patent Document 1, fixtures for reconstructing sewer facilities having advantages such as improved construction efficiency and excellent mechanical strength are disclosed. The sewer facilities here are assumed to be concrete manholes installed in the sewer pipeline network, and the construction fixture is arc-shaped and composed of an inner frame part and an outer plate part, etc., and the inner surface of the manhole can be covered by laying this without gaps. The inner frame part is literally in a frame shape, the upper and lower sides of which are composed of arc-shaped plate materials called curved edges, and both side parts are composed of planar plate materials called non-curved edges. The non-curved edges function as connecting parts for connecting adjacent construction fixtures. In addition, by making the outer plate part made of synthetic resin, the weight reduction of the construction fixture is realized.

[0004] Patent Document 2 discloses a method for rehabilitating sewer manholes. This rehabilitation method is characterized by its ease and efficiency of implementation. It involves laying lining blocks on the inner surface of the deteriorated manhole, pouring mortar into the gaps between the lining blocks and the manhole, and integrating the lining blocks with the manhole. The lining blocks are constructed by covering a cast iron body with synthetic resin, and have female and male engaging parts formed on their side ends. By engaging these parts during construction, the lining blocks naturally integrate with each other.

[0005] Patent Document 3 discloses a technology for dealing with ground changes such as liquefaction, and a device for preventing manholes from floating. To prevent manholes from floating due to liquefaction, block-shaped castings are sometimes stacked on the inner side of the manhole wall. However, these castings are inevitably corroded by gases generated from sewage. The floating prevention device described in this document consists of a box-shaped containment made of synthetic resin or the like, and weights housed inside. The weights are protected by the containment, thus preventing corrosion. By arranging numerous containments along the inner side of the manhole wall, the entire manhole wall is covered, and the contained weights further prevent the manhole from floating. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2010-133175 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-36655 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2016-211354 [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0007] As shown in these patent documents, various methods have been proposed for constructing new walls inside existing manholes. However, when synthetic resin is used for the main components of such technologies, dedicated molds are required for molding, making it difficult to accommodate various shapes. This presents challenges in terms of versatility and manufacturing costs, as well as strength. Furthermore, while using metal plates as a substitute for synthetic resin simplifies manufacturing and improves strength, it is impossible to avoid deformation due to external forces. After excessive loads such as those caused by earthquakes, the manhole may not be able to perform its intended function.

[0008] This invention was developed based on these circumstances and aims to provide a replacement segment and a method for repairing existing manholes that are highly versatile, compatible with various existing manholes, and possess sufficient strength to withstand external forces such as earthquakes. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The invention described in claim 1, for solving the aforementioned problems, is a replacement segment for covering the inner surface of an existing manhole, wherein adjacent replacement segments are connected by bolts, each replacement segment is hollow and has a surface plate, a side plate, and a closing plate, the surface plate is positioned to cover the surface of the existing manhole, the side plate and the closing plate both protrude from the end of the surface plate toward the surface of the existing manhole, and a reinforcing filler is injected into the internal space formed by the surface plate, the side plate, and the closing plate, the surface plate is provided with a window so that the bolt can be positioned behind it, and both or either of the side plate and the closing plate are provided with connecting holes corresponding to each window for the bolt shaft to pass through, and furthermore, to prevent the reinforcing filler from flowing into the window and the connecting hole, a partition is positioned behind the pair of windows and connecting holes to cover them together. Furthermore, the partition is formed in a box shape with only one side that is attached behind the window being open, and a hole that leads to the connecting hole being provided. It is characterized by the following:

[0010] The existing manhole envisioned in this invention consists of a bottom slab located at the lowest point and a straight wall rising from the outer perimeter of this bottom slab toward the ground surface, to which sewer pipes and other piping are connected. The straight wall and bottom slab deteriorate due to corrosive gases generated from wastewater and aging, but in this invention, the deteriorated straight wall and bottom slab are utilized without removal, and renewal segments are arranged seamlessly along their surface to cover them and suppress further deterioration. The top of the existing manhole is sealed with a manhole cover, but the manhole cover cannot be made indefinitely large. Therefore, a tapering inclined wall may be installed between the straight wall and the manhole cover to gradually change the cross-section.

[0011] The replacement segments according to the present invention are not plate-shaped but box-shaped with a suitable thickness, and are arranged to cover the surface of the vertical walls and base slab, but they must be small enough to be easily transported from the ground. After transport, multiple replacement segments are arranged without gaps in both the horizontal and vertical directions, and adjacent replacement segments are further connected with bolts to integrate all the arranged replacement segments. The replacement segments may be arranged to cover both the vertical walls and base slab, or to cover only the vertical walls.

[0012] Each replacement segment is made of corrosion-resistant sheet metal, such as stainless steel, and this sheet metal is processed into a box shape to form the surface, side, and cover plates. When the replacement segment is placed inside the existing manhole, the surface plate covers the surface of the original straight wall and bottom plate, functioning as a new surface. However, because the replacement segment has a considerable thickness, the surface plate maintains a certain distance from the original straight wall and bottom plate.

[0013] The side plates protrude from the side edges of the surface plate when the surface plate is upright, and when the replacement segment is placed inside the existing manhole, the side plates extend toward the surface of the existing manhole. Similarly, the closing plates protrude from the upper and lower edges of the surface plate when the surface plate is upright, and these also extend toward the surface of the existing manhole when the replacement segment is placed inside the existing manhole. As a result, the surface plate, side plates, and closing plates form a box-like structure with a considerable thickness, and space is secured inside. When actually placing the replacement segment, its orientation is flexible, and the surface plate may be upright or lying on its side.

[0014] The bolts are used to connect adjacent replacement segments when multiple replacement segments are placed without gaps inside an existing manhole. However, these bolts are designed to be housed inside the replacement segments. After the bolts are housed, the tips of the bolts are made to protrude from the side plates of the replacement segments, which are then inserted into the adjacent replacement segments. Nuts are then screwed onto the tips of the bolts to connect the replacement segments. This process is inevitably carried out from the center side of the existing manhole. Therefore, the surface plates of the replacement segments are provided with windows to accommodate the bolts.

[0015] The windows and connecting holes are provided for connecting replacement segments with bolts. The windows are cutouts near the outer edge of the surface plate, through which bolts are housed inside the replacement segment. The connecting holes are provided in the side plates or cover plates adjacent to the windows, from which the tips of the bolts protrude to the outside. Naturally, the windows and connecting holes are paired, and one connecting hole is exposed in the space behind one window. Since one replacement segment usually makes surface contact with multiple replacement segments, one replacement segment will have multiple pairs of windows and connecting holes. In addition, the windows are sized to allow for easy insertion and tightening of bolts.

[0016] The reinforcing filler is injected into the internal space of the replacement segment, which consists of a surface plate, side plates, and a closing plate, and plays a role in increasing its strength and weight. For this reason, the reinforcing filler is made of a material that hardens after solidification, such as mortar, rather than a foamed synthetic resin. This reinforcing filler prevents deformation even when excessive external forces are applied to the replacement segment. In addition, the increased weight can suppress the lifting of the existing manhole due to phenomena such as liquefaction.

[0017] The partition is a box-shaped structure placed inside the renovated segment to prevent reinforcing filler material from flowing into windows and connecting holes. Its size is such that it can completely cover a pair of windows and connecting holes when viewed from inside the renovated segment. Therefore, one side of the partition is open, and this open side is positioned behind the windows. Additionally, some kind of cutout should be provided in the area overlapping the connecting holes. The partition can be made of synthetic resin, and may be attached to the surface or side panels with adhesive prior to injecting the reinforcing filler material.

[0018] The shape of each replacement segment will be determined according to the existing manhole being repaired. If the inside of the existing manhole has a circular cross-section, the replacement segment will be arc-shaped according to its diameter. By arranging multiple replacement segments in a ring and stacking them vertically, the straight wall of the existing manhole will be covered by the replacement segments, a configuration similar to that of a shield tunnel. In addition, there are cases where replacement segments are arranged to cover the bottom slab, but in this case, it is necessary to divide them into multiple sections to allow for transportation, and to consider the connection with the arc-shaped replacement segments that cover the straight wall.

[0019] Furthermore, if the interior of the existing manhole to be repaired has a rectangular cross-section, the individual replacement segments will be simple planar in shape. However, when arranging replacement segments to cover both the vertical wall and the base slab, L-shaped replacement segments will be used to accommodate the connection between the base slab and the vertical wall. In addition, some kind of piping is always connected to existing manholes. Therefore, for replacement segments that are placed to overlap with this piping, holes or notches will be provided to ensure a flow path.

[0020] The specific manufacturing method for replacement segments is flexible. The surface plate, side plates, and cover plate can be cut individually and then welded together. Alternatively, sheet metal processing can be performed on a single sheet material, dividing it into sections for the surface plate, side plates, etc., and then welding can be used to prevent subsequent deformation. In either case, it is necessary to ensure sufficient strength to withstand external forces and to prevent leakage of the reinforcing filler material before it solidifies.

[0021] In this way, by constructing the replacement segment with a surface plate, side plates, and a closing plate, its shape and size can be freely adjusted using ordinary sheet metal processing, allowing it to easily accommodate a wide variety of existing manholes. Moreover, by injecting reinforcing filler into the internal space of the replacement segment, its weight is increased, which can suppress the lifting of the existing manhole. Furthermore, the surface portion consisting of the surface plate, side plates, and closing plate, along with the reinforcing filler, increases the strength of the replacement segment against both tensile and compressive loads, similar to reinforced concrete, so that it can withstand various external forces acting on it and suppress deformation.

[0022] Furthermore, in this invention, since adjacent replacement segments are connected with bolts, there is no need for protrusions or indentations to fit adjacent replacement segments together, which simplifies the shape of the replacement segments and makes manufacturing easier. Also, the bolts are housed inside the replacement segments. Therefore, when repairing existing manholes using the replacement segments, or during subsequent inspections, the bolts do not hinder work or climbing.

[0023] The invention according to claim 2 limits the configuration of the renewal segment, in which a back plate is arranged on the opposite side of the surface plate, and the reinforcing filler is injected into the internal space sandwiched between the surface plate and the back plate. Since the back plate is arranged to face the surface plate, inevitably the outer edge of the back plate will be connected to the side plate and the closing plate. Also, by arranging the back plate, the renewal segment becomes a closed box shape without an opening. Therefore, the reinforcing filler is injected into the internal space during the manufacture of the renewal segment. When the renewal segment is arranged inside an existing manhole, the back plate will inevitably face the straight wall and the bottom plate.

[0024] By arranging the back plate, the reinforcing filler is completely covered, so that damage to the reinforcing filler due to impacts during transportation or work can be suppressed. Also, even if it is damaged, the fragments will not scatter outside. Therefore, in the renewal segment, the strength against compressive load is maintained as it is and use can be continued. In addition, when manufacturing an arc-shaped renewal segment, the upper part of the internal space can be made open only by the surface plate, the back plate, and the closing plate (the lower one), so that the injection of the reinforcing filler becomes easier.

[0025] The invention according to claim 3 is a method for repairing an existing manhole using the renewal segment described so far. Inside the existing manhole, a plurality of renewal segments are arranged, and in a state where adjacent renewal segments are connected to each other, a gap is secured between the straight wall of the existing manhole and the renewal segment, and a joining filler is injected into this gap.

[0026] Existing manholes are often deformed due to deterioration, etc., and it is difficult to arrange the renewal segment so as to contact the straight wall. Therefore, a gap is intentionally secured between the straight wall and the renewal segment. After arranging all the renewal segments, by injecting a joining filler into this gap, the renewal segment is integrated with the straight wall and the surface of the straight wall is covered.

Advantages of the Invention

[0027] As described in Claim 1, by constructing the replacement segment with a surface plate, side plates, and a closing plate, its shape and size can be freely adjusted using ordinary sheet metal processing, allowing it to easily accommodate a wide variety of existing manholes and offering excellent versatility. Moreover, by injecting reinforcing filler into the internal space of the replacement segment, its weight is increased, which can suppress the lifting of the existing manhole. Furthermore, the surface portion consisting of the surface plate, side plates, and closing plate, along with the reinforcing filler, increases the strength of the replacement segment against both tensile and compressive loads, similar to reinforced concrete, so that it can withstand various external forces acting on it and suppress deformation.

[0028] Adjacent replacement segments are connected with bolts. Therefore, there is no need for interlocking grooves or protrusions between adjacent replacement segments, which simplifies the shape of the replacement segments and simplifies manufacturing. In order to accommodate the bolts, the replacement segments need to have windows or connecting holes, but these are in an extremely simple form, and the partitions placed behind the windows and connecting holes are also in a simple form made of synthetic resin or similar material. Furthermore, the bolts are housed inside the replacement segments. Therefore, when repairing existing manholes using replacement segments, or during subsequent inspections, the bolts will not hinder work or access.

[0029] As described in claim 2, in the replacement segment, by placing a back plate on the opposite side of the front plate, the reinforcing filler material is completely covered, thus preventing damage to the reinforcing filler material due to impacts during transportation or work. Furthermore, even if the reinforcing filler material is damaged, fragments will not scatter to the outside, so the strength against compressive load in the replacement segment is maintained, and it can be used continuously. In addition, when manufacturing an arc-shaped replacement segment, the front plate, back plate, and cover plate (the lower one) allow only the upper part of the internal space to be open, making it easier to inject the reinforcing filler material.

[0030] As described in claim 3, a gap is secured between the existing manhole wall and the replacement segment. By injecting a bonding filler into this gap, the replacement segment integrates with the wall, reinforcing the wall. This eliminates the decrease in strength due to aging and restores its original strength. Furthermore, since the surface of the wall is covered, contact with corrosive gases is eliminated, suppressing subsequent deterioration. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0031] [Figure 1] This is a perspective view showing an example of the shape of a replacement segment according to the present invention and a specific example of a method for repairing an existing manhole using this replacement segment. In the upper part of the figure, one replacement segment is shown in enlargement. [Figure 2] This is a perspective view showing the components of the update segment in Figure 1. [Figure 3] Figure 2 is a perspective view showing the process of integrating the outer and inner pieces, but both are drawn with the front and back reversed compared to Figure 2. [Figure 4] This is a perspective view showing the process of completing the updated segment after Figure 3. [Figure 5] This is a perspective view showing an example of the shape of a renewal segment with a flow channel. [Figure 6] This is a perspective view showing the details of the semicircular update segment to be placed on the base plate. [Figure 7] Figures 4, 5, and 6 show perspective views of the updated segments arranged without gaps in both the horizontal and vertical directions, with adjacent updated segments being connected to each other. [Figure 8] Figures 4, 5, and 6 show a perspective view of an existing manhole with a circular cross-section that has been repaired using the updated segments. [Figure 9] This perspective view shows a specific example of the manufacturing process for a planar update segment, which differs from the previous diagrams. [Figure 10] The following is a perspective view showing the process of completing the updated segment after Figure 9. [Figure 11]This is a perspective view showing an example of the shape of a renewal segment with a flow channel. [Figure 12] This is a perspective view showing examples of replacement segments used in the corners and edges of existing manholes. [Figure 13] Figures 10, 11, and 12 are perspective views showing examples of the arrangement of update segments. [Figure 14] This is a perspective view showing the arrangement of the replacement segments with the same configuration as in Figure 13, and the repair of the existing manhole. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0032] Figure 1 shows examples of the shapes of the replacement segments 11, 12, and 13 according to the present invention, and a specific example of a method for repairing an existing manhole 71 using these replacement segments. At the top of the figure, a single replacement segment 11 is shown in enlargement. The interior of the existing manhole 71 here has a circular cross-section, its lowest part is sealed by a base plate 73, a straight wall 74 rises from the outer circumference of the base plate 73, and a slanted wall 76 is placed on top of the straight wall 74. The slanted wall 76 has a tapered shape, its uppermost part reaches the ground surface, and is sealed there with a manhole cover 77.

[0033] The existing manhole 71 in this diagram has deteriorated over time, so its vertical wall 74 is covered with multiple replacement segments 11 and 12. The replacement segments 11 used here are all the same shape, and their details are shown at the top of the diagram. The surface of the replacement segment 11 is made of stainless steel plate, and the one located towards the center of the existing manhole 71 is called the surface plate 41. Therefore, the surface plate 41 stands upright in an arc-shaped curve. Side plates 44 protrude from both ends of the surface plate 41. The side plates 44 extend radially from the existing manhole 71. In addition, a cover plate 45 protrudes from the upper end of the surface plate 41, and a cover plate 46 protrudes from the lower end of the surface plate 41. These two cover plates 45 and 46 are spread horizontally. The outer periphery of the replacement segment 11 is covered with a back plate 48.

[0034] The internal space of the replacement segment 11 is filled with reinforcing filler material 51 without any gaps. The reinforcing filler material 51 is not flexible like a foamed synthetic resin, but rather a material that hardens when solidified, such as mortar. As a result, the weight of the replacement segment 11 is increased, which helps to suppress the lifting of the existing manhole 71. In addition, the surface plate 41, side plates 44, closing plates 45, 46 and reinforcing filler material 51 increase the strength of the replacement segment 11 against both tensile and compressive loads, similar to reinforced concrete, making it less susceptible to deformation even when various external forces are applied.

[0035] Bolts 57 are used to connect adjacent renovated segments 11, and these bolts 57 are housed inside the renovated segments 11. The insertion and tightening of these bolts 57 will be performed by workers who have entered the existing manhole 71. For this reason, a window 43 for housing the bolts 57 is provided near the outer edge of the surface plate 41, and the tip of the housed bolt 57 will protrude from the connecting hole 47 and be inserted into the adjacent renovated segment 11. Thus, one connecting hole 47 is provided for each window 43. In addition, to prevent the reinforcing filler material 51 from flowing into the window 43 and connecting hole 47, a box-shaped partition 53 is placed behind the window 43 and connecting hole 47.

[0036] In this figure, each replacement segment 11 has six windows 43, the ones located at both the left and right ends, which are paired with connecting holes 47 in the side plate 44, and bolts 57 housed in these holes allow adjacent replacement segments 11 to be connected horizontally. The tip of the bolt 57 reaches inside the window 43 of the other replacement segment 11. Therefore, a nut 58 is housed in this window 43, screwed onto the tip of the bolt 57, and then tightened. Windows 43 are also located at the upper and lower ends of the surface plate 41, the upper one paired with a connecting hole 47 in the cover plate 45, and the lower one paired with a connecting hole 47 in the cover plate 46, allowing adjacent replacement segments 11 to be connected vertically.

[0037] The replacement segment 11 in this diagram is arc-shaped, with a central angle of 90 degrees. Therefore, when four replacement segments 11 are arranged in a circle along the horizontal direction, they form a seamless ring. When repairing an existing manhole 71 using these replacement segments 11, the replacement segments 11 are brought in one by one and placed on the base plate 73, with adjacent replacement segments 11 being connected with bolts 57. Furthermore, the replacement segments 11 are stacked vertically, but adjacent replacement segments 11 are positioned with a 45-degree difference from the center, and the side plate 44 of one replacement segment 11 is located in the center of the surface plate 41 of the other replacement segment 11, so that the side plates 44 of both are not aligned vertically. By stacking the replacement segments 11 up to the vicinity of the sloping wall 76 in this manner, almost the entire area of ​​the straight wall 74 is ultimately covered.

[0038] A circular water channel 75 is provided at the bottom of the straight wall 74 for connecting the sewer pipe. If the replacement segment 11 is placed so as to block the water channel 75, the flow of water will be obstructed. Therefore, a dedicated replacement segment 12 is placed where it overlaps with the water channel 75. A circular water channel 55 is provided in the center of this dedicated replacement segment 12, and by arranging the water channel 55 and the water channel 75 concentrically, the flow of water is ensured. This replacement segment 12 has the same shape as the adjacent replacement segment 11, the only difference being the presence or absence of the water channel 55.

[0039] The base plate 73 in this diagram has a replacement segment 13 placed on it. This replacement segment 13 is semicircular, but its outer circumference is cylindrical and upright, on which the arc-shaped replacement segments 11 and 12 can be placed. The two replacement segments 13 completely cover the base plate 73, and these replacement segments 13 are also structured to be connected with bolts 57. In this way, by using replacement segments 11, 12, and 13 of various shapes, it is possible to cover almost the entire area of ​​the vertical wall 74 and the base plate 73.

[0040] The remodeling segments 11, 12, and 13, which stand upright inside the vertical wall 74, are spaced apart so as not to come into contact with the vertical wall 74, allowing for smooth lamination of the remodeling segments 11 and 12. After all the remodeling segments 11, 12, and 13 are joined together with bolts 57, a bonding filler 52 is injected into the gap between the remodeling segments 11, 12, and 13 and the vertical wall 74, integrating the remodeling segments 11, 12, and 13 with the vertical wall 74. This strengthens the vertical wall 74 and prevents corrosive gases from coming into contact with the vertical wall 74 and the base plate 73. The bonding filler 52 can be freely selected, but mortar is usually used, and measures such as assembling formwork are taken prior to injection to prevent the bonding filler 52 from blocking the flow channels 55 and water channels 75.

[0041] Figure 2 shows the components of the updated segment 11 shown in Figure 1. This updated segment 11 consists of an upper piece 22, an outer peripheral piece 27, an inner peripheral piece 21, a lower piece 25, and a partition body 53. Of these, the upper piece 22, outer peripheral piece 27, inner peripheral piece 21, and lower piece 25 are cut from stainless steel sheets and then finished into predetermined shapes by sheet metal processing. The upper piece 22 is centered around a fan-shaped sealing plate 45, with edges 23 protruding from both ends, and the sealing plate 45 has two connecting holes 47. The lower piece 25 has the same shape, with edges 26 protruding from the sealing plate 46, and also has two connecting holes 47.

[0042] Next, the outer perimeter piece 27 is formed around a back plate 48 that is bent in an arc shape, with edges 28 protruding from both ends toward the center, and connecting holes 47 are provided in these edges 28. The inner perimeter piece 21 is formed around a front plate 41 that is bent in an arc shape, with side plates 44 protruding from both ends toward the outer perimeter, and connecting holes 47 are provided in these side plates 44. Furthermore, the front plate 41 has six windows 43, and a partition 53 is attached behind each window 43. In order to facilitate the work of bending the front plate 41 in an arc shape, all windows 43 are configured to be closed and not open to the outside.

[0043] The partition body 53 is box-shaped with one side open, and is often made of synthetic resin or the like. The open side of the partition body 53 is the same size as the window 43, and this side is attached behind the window 43. The partition body 53 is also provided with a round hole 54. The round hole 54 is provided to prevent the connecting hole 47 from being blocked by the partition body 53, and is positioned to be aligned with the connecting hole 47, but is large enough to accommodate the head of the bolt 57 and the nut 58 shown in Figure 1.

[0044] Figure 3 shows the process of integrating the outer perimeter piece 27 and the inner perimeter piece 21 of Figure 2, but both are drawn with the front and back reversed compared to Figure 2. On the inner perimeter piece 21, partitions 53 are attached behind each window 43 with adhesive, etc. Naturally, the open surface of the partition 53 must be aligned with the window 43, and the round holes 54 of the partition 53 are positioned to align with the connecting holes 47. The partitions 53 attached to the side ends of the surface plate 41 of the inner perimeter piece 21 are positioned so that their round holes 54 align with the connecting holes 47 of the side plate 44, but the partitions 53 attached to the upper end of the surface plate 41 have their round holes 54 facing upwards, and the partitions 53 attached to the lower end of the surface plate 41 have their round holes 54 facing downwards.

[0045] After attaching the partition 53 to the inner perimeter piece 21, the outer perimeter piece 27 and the inner perimeter piece 21 are integrated. At this time, the left and right edges 28 of the outer perimeter piece 27 are sandwiched between the left and right side plates 44 of the inner perimeter piece 21. As a result, the edges 28 and the side plates 44 come into contact. Furthermore, by aligning the heights of the outer perimeter piece 27 and the inner perimeter piece 21, the connecting holes 47 of both the edges 28 and the side plates 44 are aligned concentrically, and then the outer perimeter piece 27 and the inner perimeter piece 21 are integrated so that they cannot be separated by welding or other means. In this state, the updated segment 11 consists only of the surface plate 41, the side plates 44 and the back plate 48, and its internal space is open.

[0046] Figure 4 shows the process of completing the updated segment 11 after Figure 3. As in Figure 3, after integrating the outer perimeter piece 27 and the inner perimeter piece 21, the lower piece 25 is attached to the bottom, but the lower piece 25 is also integrated with the outer perimeter piece 27 and the inner perimeter piece 21 by welding or other means. As a result, the internal space composed of the outer perimeter piece 27 and the inner perimeter piece 21 is closed at the bottom, and reinforcing filler material 51 is then injected into this internal space. The windows 43 and connecting holes 47 are sealed by the partition body 53, so that the reinforcing filler material 51 does not leak out from there. After injecting the reinforcing filler material 51 without any gaps, the upper piece 22 is fitted to cover it, and the upper piece 22 is also integrated with the outer perimeter piece 27 and the inner perimeter piece 21 by welding or other means, thereby completing the updated segment 11.

[0047] The completed replacement segment 11 is covered with a surface plate 41, side plates 44, and upper and lower closing plates 45 and 46. As shown in the lower left of the figure, reinforcing filler material 51 is injected into the internal space without any gaps, increasing its strength and weight. Behind the window 43, a space is secured by a partition 53, where a connecting hole 47 is exposed. It should be noted that the replacement segment 11 depicted here is merely an example of its shape, and the optimal method can be introduced in each case, taking into account various conditions during its manufacture.

[0048] Figure 5 shows an example of the shape of a replacement segment 12 with a flow channel 55. This replacement segment 12 has the same shape as the replacement segment 11 in Figure 4, but the center of the front plate 41 and the back plate 48 are cut out in a circular shape, and a cylindrical flow channel 55 is fitted into it. Water flow is ensured by arranging this flow channel 55 so that it overlaps with sewer pipes, etc. Therefore, the actual size and arrangement of the flow channel 55 will be determined on a case-by-case basis based on the sewer pipes, etc. The flow channel 55 is integrated with the front plate 41 and the back plate 48 by welding, etc., and when the replacement segment 12 is completed, the outer circumference of the flow channel 55 is surrounded by reinforcing filler material 51.

[0049] Figure 6 shows details of the semicircular update segment 13 that rests on the base plate 73. The update segment 13 that rests on the base plate 73 requires a special design as shown in this figure. However, due to transportation constraints, it cannot be the same size as the base plate 73, so two update segments 13 cover the base plate 73, and each update segment 13 is inevitably semicircular. This update segment 13 also functions as a base on which the arc-shaped update segments 11 and 12 shown in Figures 4 and 5 are placed. Therefore, the outer periphery of this update segment 13 is provided with an arc-shaped upright section. For this reason, the surface plates 41 and 42 are divided into two sections: surface plate 42 that unfolds horizontally to cover the base plate 73, and surface plate 41 that rises upright from surface plate 42 to cover the vertical wall 74.

[0050] As described above, this updated segment 13 has two front panels 41 and 42. On the opposite side of the horizontally extending front panel 42, a flat back panel 49 is placed, and this back panel 49 contacts the bottom panel 73. On the opposite side of the upright front panel 41, an arc-shaped back panel 48 is placed, and this back panel 48 faces the vertical wall 74. The top of the updated segment 13 has a closing plate 45 that connects the front panel 41 and the back panel 48, and the arc-shaped updated segments 11 and 12 shown in Figures 4 and 5 rest on this closing plate 45. In addition, in the semicircular updated segment 13, side panels 44 are placed on the sides corresponding to the chords.

[0051] This updated segment 13 is similar to the previous ones in that it has reinforcing filler material 51 injected into its internal space, and windows 43 and connecting holes 47 are provided for connecting it to the adjacent updated segments 11, 12, and 13. In this diagram, two updated segments 13 cover the base plate 73, but this is merely one example, and in reality, the number of segments may be increased for reasons such as transportation.

[0052] Figure 7 shows the updated segments 11, 12, and 13 from Figures 4, 5, and 6 arranged without gaps in both the horizontal and vertical directions, with adjacent updated segments 11, 12, and 13 connected to each other. In this figure, two updated segments 13 from Figure 6 are placed at the bottom, and a circular base is formed by bringing the side plates 44 of these updated segments 13 into contact with each other, on which the arc-shaped updated segments 11 and 12 are placed. The central angle of the arc-shaped updated segments 11 and 12 is 90 degrees, and when four updated segments 11 and 12 are arranged in a circle along the horizontal direction, they are arranged in a ring without interruption, and adjacent updated segments 11 and 12 have contact between their side plates 44, as well as the connecting holes 47 provided in the side plates 44 being concentrically aligned. In addition, among the four update segments 11 and 12 that are in direct contact with the bottom update segment 13, two of the opposing update segments 12 are equipped with a flow path 55. Above these four update segments 11 and 12, the update segments 11 are stacked without gaps using the same method.

[0053] Adjacent remodeling segments 11, 12, and 13 are connected by bolts 57 and nuts 58, and care has been taken to ensure that the windows 43 on both sides are adjacent. Therefore, a bolt 57 is placed in one window 43, its tip is inserted into the connecting hole 47 and brought to the other window 43, then a nut 58 is placed in this window 43 and screwed onto the bolt 57 and tightened, thereby connecting the remodeling segments 11, 12, and 13. When stacking the arc-shaped remodeling segments 11 and 12, the upper and lower side plates 44 are intentionally spaced apart, similar to bricklaying. In this diagram, vertically adjacent remodeling segments 11, 12, and 13 are positioned with a 45-degree difference from the center. As a result, the side plate 44 of one remodeling segment 11, 12, or 13 is located in the center of the other remodeling segment 11 or 12.

[0054] Figure 8 shows the repair of an existing circular manhole 71 using the replacement segments 11, 12, and 13 from Figures 4, 5, and 6. The existing manhole 71 consists of a base plate 73, a straight wall 74, and a sloping wall 76. When these deteriorate due to age or corrosive gases, replacement segments 11, 12, and 13 are brought into the existing manhole 71 one by one. First, a replacement segment 13 is placed on the base plate 73. Next, using this replacement segment 13 as a base, arc-shaped replacement segments 11 and 12 are arranged in a ring, and then replacement segments 11 are stacked along the straight wall 74. Each replacement segment 11, 12, and 13 is connected to adjacent replacement segments 11, 12, and 13 with bolts 57 each time it is brought in.

[0055] When all the replacement segments 11, 12, and 13 are lined up without gaps and adjacent replacement segments 11, 12, and 13 are connected to each other, all the replacement segments 11, 12, and 13 become one. In addition, gaps are intentionally left between the replacement segments 11, 12, and 13 and the straight wall 74, and by injecting a bonding filler material 52 such as mortar into these gaps, the replacement segments 11, 12, and 13 become one with the straight wall 74, and the straight wall 74 is strengthened. Moreover, since the surface of the base plate 73 and the straight wall 74 are completely covered, contact with corrosive gases is eliminated, subsequent deterioration is suppressed, and the lifespan of the existing manhole 71 is extended while keeping costs down. The flow channel 55 of the replacement segment 12 is positioned to overlap with the water channel 75 of the straight wall 74, so as not to obstruct the flow of water. However, care must be taken during construction to prevent the bonding filler material 52 from flowing into this area.

[0056] Figure 9 shows a specific example of the manufacturing process for a planar replacement segment 14, which differs from the previous figures. The interior of existing manholes 71 varies, and may have a rectangular cross-section instead of a circular one. The replacement segment 14 used in such cases will inevitably be planar as shown in this figure, but even in this case, it is still composed of a surface plate 41, side plates 44, and upper and lower sealing plates 45, 46. The replacement segment 14 in this figure is made from a base plate 31 in which the surface plate 41, side plates 44, and sealing plates 45, 46 are integrated. It is then processed into a box shape, and the surface plate 41, side plates 44, and sealing plates 44, 45 are partitioned. Stainless steel plate or the like is used for the base plate 31 to prevent corrosion. In addition, an edge portion 32 is provided on the front end of the section that will become the side plates 44 and sealing plates 45, 46 in the base plate 31. After sheet metal processing, the edge portion 32 forms a frame-like structure behind the surface plate 41.

[0057] When cutting the base plate 31 into a predetermined shape, the windows 43 and connecting holes 47 are formed integrally, with six windows 43 located near the outer edge of the surface plate 41. In this updated segment 14, as in the previous figures, the connecting holes 47 are positioned corresponding to each window 43, and partitions 53 are attached behind the windows 43. The lower left of the figure shows the state after the side plate 44 and the closing plates 45 and 46 have been partitioned by sheet metal processing, and the partitions 53 have been attached behind each window 43. After this sheet metal processing is complete, the side plate 44 and the closing plates 45 and 46 are adjacent to each other, but to prevent deformation later, they are integrated by welding or other means.

[0058] The lower right of the diagram shows the surface plate 41 facing backward after sheet metal processing. In this way, the edge portion 32 forms a frame-like structure, and the window 43 and connecting hole 47 are closed by the partition 53. In actual manufacturing, the original plate 31 is flat, and only the edge portion 32 is bent at a right angle from the side plate 44, etc. Then, the boundary between the surface plate 41 and the side plate 44 is bent to finish it into a box shape. Thus, the replacement segment 14 can be manufactured by cutting the original plate 31 and sheet metal processing, and does not require special equipment, so there are few constraints during manufacturing. Moreover, the shape and size can be freely determined.

[0059] Figure 10 shows the process of completing the replacement segment 14 after Figure 9. After sheet metal processing is performed on the base plate 31, the surface plate 41 is placed on the floor or the like, then reinforcing filler material 51 is injected from above, and after it solidifies, a back plate 48 is placed to cover the edge 32, and then the back plate 48 is integrated with the side plates 44, etc., to complete the planar replacement segment 14. Note that the back plate 48 can be omitted in this replacement segment 14. Even in that case, the reinforcing filler material 51 is restrained by the edge 32 and will not fall out. The method of connecting adjacent replacement segments 14 with bolts 57 is the same as before, and the method of housing the bolts 57 in the window 43 and having their tips protrude from the connecting holes 47 is also the same as before.

[0060] Figure 11 shows an example of the shape of a refurbished segment 15 with a channel 55. This refurbished segment 15 is planar, similar to the refurbished segment 14 in Figure 10, but one corner is cut out to form the channel 55. In this refurbished segment 15, a curved channel plate 35 is attached to close the cut-out area, and finally, a reinforcing filler material 51 is injected into the internal space. Here, four refurbished segments 15 are arranged in a rectangular shape, forming a channel 55 in the center. By forming the channel 55 with multiple refurbished segments 15 in this way, the cross-sectional area can be increased.

[0061] Figure 12 shows examples of the shapes of replacement segments 16 and 17 used at the corners and edges of existing manholes 71. Planar replacement segments 14, as shown in Figure 10, can be erected upright like a wall or laid on their side. However, at the corners of existing manholes 71, L-shaped replacement segments 16 and 17, as shown in this figure, are sometimes used to smoothly connect replacement segments 14 that are arranged in different directions. The upper replacement segment 16 in the figure is used at corners where two orthogonal surfaces intersect, and the lower replacement segment 17 is used at corners where three mutually orthogonal surfaces meet.

[0062] In both updated segments 16 and 17, the surface panels 41 and 42 are divided into two sections, with one surface panel 42 extending horizontally and the other surface panel 41 standing upright. On the opposite side of each surface panel 41 and 42, back panels 48 and 49 are placed. The remaining surfaces are fitted with side panels 44 and cover panels 45 and 46, and the internal space formed by these panels is filled with reinforcing filler material 51. The surface panels 41 and 42 are provided with windows 43, as in previous models, and corresponding connecting holes 47 are also provided.

[0063] Figure 13 shows examples of the arrangement of the update segments 14, 15, 16, and 17 as shown in Figures 10, 11, and 12. The planar update segments 14 can be arranged upright in a wall-like fashion, as shown in this figure, or laid on their sides and arranged horizontally. Furthermore, by using update segments 15, a flow path 55 can be secured. In addition, where update segments 14 and 15 arranged in different directions are adjacent, dedicated update segments 16 and 17 are used. Naturally, adjacent update segments 14, 15, 16, and 17 are connected with bolts 57. Note that the dimensions of each part of the update segment 14 have been adjusted so that when two are placed side by side without any steps, their outer edges form a square. This increases the degree of freedom when arranging the update segments 14.

[0064] Figure 14 shows the repair of an existing manhole 71 with the same configuration as in Figure 13, using replacement segments 14, 15, 16, and 17. The interior of the existing manhole 71 in this figure has a rectangular cross-section, and a water channel 75 is provided in its vertical wall 74. To completely cover the interior of this existing manhole 71 without any gaps, replacement segments 14, 15, 16, and 17 are arranged in the same configuration as in Figure 13. In areas where it overlaps with the water channel 75, replacement segment 15 with a flow channel 55 is used. Although replacement segments 14, 16, and 17 rest on the base plate 73, gaps are maintained between the vertical replacement segments 14 and 15 and the vertical wall 74. By injecting bonding filler 52 into these gaps, all replacement segments 14, 15, 16, and 17 become integrated with the existing manhole 71. [Explanation of symbols]

[0065] 11. Update segment (arc-shaped) 12. Renewal segment (with an arc shape and flow path) 13. Updated segments (those included in the base edition) 14. Update Segment (Planar) 15. Renewal segment (a planar segment with a flow path) 16. Update Segments (for use at corners) 17. Renewal Segment (for use in corners) 21 Inner peripheral piece 22 Top piece 23 Edge 25 Lower piece 26 Edge 27 Outer piece 28 Edge 31 Original plate 32 Edge 35 Flow channel plate 41 Surface plate 42 Surface plate 43 windows 44 Side panels 45 Blocking plate 46. ​​Blocking plate 47 connecting holes 48 Back plate 49 Back plate 51 Reinforcement Filler 52 Joint filler 53 Partition 54 round holes 55 channels 57 volts 58 Nuts 71 Existing manholes 73 Bottom plate 74 Straight wall 75 Canal 76 Slanted wall 77 Manhole cover

Claims

1. Renewal segments (11 to 17) that cover the inner surface of an existing manhole (71), wherein adjacent renewal segments (11 to 17) are connected to each other by bolts (57), Each of the aforementioned replacement segments (11 to 17) is hollow, having a surface plate (41, 42), a side plate (44), and a closing plate (45, 46). The surface plates (41, 42) are positioned to cover the surface of the existing manhole (71), and both the side plate (44) and the closing plate (45, 46) protrude from the ends of the surface plates (41, 42) toward the surface of the existing manhole (71). The internal space formed by the surface plates (41, 42), the side plate (44), and the closing plate (45, 46) is filled with a reinforcing filler (51). The surface plates (41, 42) are provided with windows (43) so that the bolts (57) can be positioned behind them, and the side plates (44) and the cover plates (45, 46) are provided with connecting holes (47) corresponding to each of the windows (43) for the shafts of the bolts (57) to pass through, and furthermore, in order to prevent the reinforcing filler (51) from flowing into the windows (43) and the connecting holes (47), a partition (53) is placed behind the pair of windows (43) and the connecting holes (47) to cover them all together. The replacement segment is characterized in that the partition (53) is formed in a box shape with only one side that is attached behind the window (43) being open, and a hole (54) that leads to the connecting hole (47) being provided.

2. The updated segment according to claim 1, characterized in that a back plate (48, 49) is positioned on the opposite side of the surface plate (41, 42), and the reinforcing filler (51) is injected into the internal space sandwiched between the surface plate (41, 42) and the back plate (48, 49).

3. A method for repairing an existing manhole, characterized in that a plurality of replacement segments (11 to 17) according to claim 1 or claim 2 are placed inside the existing manhole (71), and adjacent replacement segments (11 to 17) are connected to each other, a gap is secured between the straight wall (74) of the existing manhole (71) and the replacement segments (11 to 17), and a jointing filler (52) is injected into this gap.

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