A Shigarami structure with a Shigarami structure

Abstract

To provide a hollow member and a grating that can be suitably used in a system ready for a water flow and an air flow at a constant speed, such as a soil aeration and infiltration drainage system.SOLUTION: There is provided a hollow member having a tangled structure, the outer surface constituting the hollow member having an irregular surface formed of at least one material having different lengths and widths and vertical, horizontal, diagonal straight or curved lines. Also there is provided a grating having a tangled structure, the surface of the grating being formed of an irregular surface formed of at least one material having different lengths and widths and vertical, horizontal, diagonal straight or curved lines.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to A Shigarami structure having a Shigarami structure, for example hollow members and gratings, and in particular to A Shigarami structure with a Shigarami structure ones that can be suitably used for a soil ventilation infiltration drainage system.

Background Art

[0002] Conventional soil drainage techniques using permeable open-channel drainage ditches, buried drainage pipes, and infiltration basins are for draining water from the soil. After a certain period of time, mud, corroded plant organic matter, etc. accumulate in the gaps between crushed stones, sand, etc. (permeable filling materials) filled around the outer periphery of the permeable open-channel drainage ditches, buried drainage pipes, and infiltration basins. As a result, problems such as clogging of the surrounding soil of the buried drainage pipes and infiltration basins, the filling materials, and the passages for buried drainage, etc., and a decrease in water permeability have occurred.

[0003] In addition, due to the weight of the permeable open-channel drainage ditches, buried drainage pipes, infiltration basins, and permeable filling materials, the surrounding soil where the buried drainage pipes, infiltration basins, etc. are arranged is compacted, and problems such as a decrease in the air permeability and water permeability of the soil have also occurred. The decrease in the air permeability and water permeability of the soil also has the disadvantage of deteriorating the growth environment of plants due to the stagnation of air and water in the soil, the decay of organic matter, and the generation of harmful gases due to this decay.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Disclosure of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] Although the technology of Patent Document 1 is an extremely excellent soil ventilation drainage system, there has been a demand for a more improved soil ventilation drainage system that can regenerate the rainwater infiltration function over the entire soil environment in the ground and prevent landform collapse.

[0006] Conventional systems based on the ratio of the volume of the water collection pipe to the volume of the collection tank (mesh) were designed considering the proportion of existing materials that make up the system. However, noticing the shortcomings of these conventional systems, the inventors diligently researched and studied how to create a more efficient and sustainable system.

[0007] In other words, with conventional soil drainage systems, the problem is whether the movement of water in the surface ground stagnates or is eroded. Regarding the stagnation of water movement in the surface ground, measures have been considered to deal with it by dealing with how to manage the stagnation, and regarding erosion, measures have been considered to reduce the erosive force. However, based on the understanding that the circulatory functions in nature are aeration, water permeability, water retention, and air retention functions associated with a constant flow of air and water, the inventors have found that these circulatory functions are nothing more than isobaric functions → constant acceleration motion. Furthermore, they have found that when this state is maintained (hereinafter referred to as the "resting state" in this specification), a circulatory soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system is formed.

[0008] The inventor focused on the Shigarami structure, a structure that changes the direction of water flow and suppresses water pressure by driving piles into a river and interlocking crossbeams. In order to restore rainwater infiltration function and prevent topographic collapse across the entire soil environment, the inventor utilized the Shigarami structure not only in rivers but also in the soil of a predetermined area targeted for ground improvement. Reconsidering the perspective of linear drainage and exhaust for water and air, the inventor invented a soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system that incorporates diverse, irregular, streamlined, ripple-shaped, and helical structures due to vortex flow. To specifically realize this system, A structure with a shigarami structure, for example, We concluded that the development of hollow components and gratings is necessary.

[0009] The objective of the present invention is to provide a system that can handle water flow or air flow at a constant velocity, such as a soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system, that can be suitably used in such a system. A Shigarami structure with a Shigarami structure The purpose is to provide 。

[0010] In this specification, the term "shigarami (fence) structure" originally refers to a structure in which stakes are driven into the ground in a river and bamboo or wood is laid horizontally across them. However, in this specification, it refers not only to rivers but also to a structure in soil improvement in which bamboo, wood, or other materials are laid horizontally within a certain area.

[0011] Furthermore, in this specification, "random structure" refers to a composite structure among the above-mentioned Shigarami structures that follows the vortex moment of air and water, such as a streamlined, wave-like, or helical shape, in which the thickness of each material constituting the structure is uneven, yet the balance is not disrupted, and even if the assembly method appears random at first glance, it represents a calculated disorder. In this specification, the term "pore" refers not only to circular holes but also to pore-like gaps created by interlocking structures.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0012] The aforementioned problem is solved by a Shigarami structure equipped with a Shigarami structure used in a soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system for ground improvement, wherein the Shigarami structure is arranged in a longitudinal groove formed in a predetermined area to be improved, the outer surface of the Shigarami structure is formed of gaps and at least one or more materials having longitudinal, transverse, or diagonal straight or curved lines of different lengths and widths, and the area ratio of the materials constituting the gaps to the gaps is formed such that the total area of ​​the materials constituting the gaps is less than or equal to the total area of ​​the gaps. Furthermore, it is preferable that the upper surface of the end face of the aforementioned shigarami structure, such as a hollow member, is an open surface, and that a member having a shigarami structure, such as a grating, is placed on this open surface.

[0013] In this way, since the material forming the gap and the area ratio of the gap are such that the total area of the material forming the gap ≤ the total area of the gap, the area of the holes or gaps (opening surfaces) through which water and air flow is formed to be larger. As a result, water and air can smoothly pass through as a vortex. Also, since the total area of the material forming the gap ≤ the total area of the gap, water and air can ventilate, penetrate, and drain through the gap. There is less clogging caused by earth and sand or small stones blocked by the material forming the gap, and maintenance is easy.

[0014] In this case, it is preferable that the shigarami structure placed in the vertical groove formed in the predetermined area to be improved is connected to the shigarami structure placed in the horizontal long groove formed in the predetermined area to be improved.

[0015] In this way, a Shigarami structure, equipped with a Shigarami structure that ensures the ventilation of air and water, is placed in the vertical holes (slots) or long trenches formed in the soil of the target area. By placing the Shigarami structure in the improved area of ​​the soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system, the ventilation of air and water is ensured, and the soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system that constitutes the ground improvement system functions more effectively.

[0016] Furthermore, the upper surface at the end of the aforementioned shigarami structure is preferably an open surface, and this open surface is preferably covered with a grating, which is a member having a surface equipped with the shigarami structure. Because it is equipped with a shigarami structure, it is possible to ensure more reliable ventilation of air and water.

[0017] Furthermore, it is preferable that a slit is formed in the shorter direction of the material in a part of the material forming the shigarami structure that covers the open surface. With such a slit, when pressure from water, air, soil, etc. is applied to the grating, which is a member having a surface equipped with the shigarami structure, the grating deforms due to the presence of the slit, allowing the pressure exceeding the predetermined limit to be released. This prevents the grating from being destroyed by excessive pressure and allows the pressure from water, air, soil, etc. to be smoothly avoided.

[0018] child If configured as such, the grating itself becomes a well - girder structure as a three - dimensional structure with the grating frame. With this well - girder structure, the wind pressure can be adjusted more effectively. 。

[0019] This As a Shigarami structure possessing a Shigarami structureThe hollow member is a member with different lengths and widths, and has an irregular surface composed of at least one or more members of vertical, horizontal, diagonal straight lines or curves. Therefore, the hollow member itself, which is a shigarami structure with a shigarami structure, is different from the conventional structures that emphasize regularity. It can achieve ventilation, penetration, and drainage in the soil in a state consistent with the irregular environment of nature, and can regenerate the rainwater penetration function and prevent terrain collapse over the entire soil environment in the ground.

[0020] Thus, As a Shigarami structure possessing a Shigarami structure In the hollow member, air and water flow as vortices and flow as uniformly accelerated motions. Therefore, different from regular structures, when it comes to the soil penetration of water and air, it conforms to the natural state and does not interfere, and it is possible to smoothly circulate and penetrate drainage as a soil penetration air-water vein in a vortex.

[0021] As described above, It is a Shigarami structure that has a Shigarami structure. When the hollow member is arranged so as to face the vertical (longitudinal) direction or the horizontal direction, it can be utilized as a permeable open channel drainage path, an underground drainage pipe, a penetration tub, etc. When the hollow member arranged vertically (vertical hole) and the hollow member arranged horizontally (long groove) are connected, the hollow member arranged horizontally is arranged over a certain area in the soil of the long groove in the target area to which the soil ventilation penetration drainage system is applied. The outer surface of the hollow member is composed of irregularly incorporated irregular incorporated members, which are members with different lengths and widths and at least one or more members of vertical, horizontal, and diagonal straight lines or curves, and gaps formed between these irregular incorporated members.

[0022] Also A part of a member (grating) having a surface with a shigarami structure covering the open surface has a short-side direction of the material. When a cut is formed, A grating is a component that has a surface with a shigarami structure. When a pressure of water, air, earth and sand, etc. is applied above a predetermined level, due to the cut, the grating is deformed and it is possible to release a pressure above a predetermined level, preventing the destruction of the grating and smoothly avoiding the pressure of water, air, earth and sand, etc. As described above, according to the present invention A component (grating) having a surface with a shigarami structure.By using this method, surface drainage is performed by the grating, and the property of the hollow members to allow wind to pass through easily can be utilized to mitigate wind load (wind pressure). Furthermore, a grid structure can be applied to adjust wind pressure in the three-dimensional structure of the grating frame that makes up the grating. [Effects of the Invention]

[0023] As a Shigarami structure possessing a Shigarami structure Hollow member teeth, Unlike conventional structures, it is possible to ensure that the flow and drainage of water and air do not obstruct natural conditions and that the flow and drainage are smooth. In particular, since the area of ​​the openings through which water and air pass, i.e., the space, is equal to or greater than the total area of ​​the materials constituting the hollow member, water and air can pass through smoothly, and clogging by soil and pebbles is reduced, making maintenance easy. Furthermore, because it has a shigarami structure, when the amount of air or water is at a predetermined level, it is possible to create a structure that allows air and water to form vortices and escape smoothly. In this way, it can greatly contribute to the functional regeneration of the earth's environment. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0024] [Figure 1] This is a schematic cross-section illustrating a part of an embodiment according to the present invention. [Figure 2] (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating an example of a part of an embodiment according to the present invention, where (a) is a cross-section viewed from the side and (b) is a cross-section viewed from above. [Figure 3] Figures (a) to (f) are schematic diagrams illustrating the parts that constitute the hollow member as a Shigarami structure with a Shigarami structure. [Figure 4] (a) and (b) are explanatory diagrams showing an example of a laterally positioned hollow member as a Shigarami structure with a Shigarami structure. [Figure 5] This diagram shows the general layout of hollow members placed in vertical holes, with (a) being a single unit and (b) illustrating the connections between hollow members before they are arranged vertically and horizontally. [Figure 6] This is an explanatory diagram for arranging hollow members in vertical holes and long trenches in a ground improvement area. [Figure 7] This is an explanatory diagram showing how to place hollow members in vertical holes and long grooves, and then install gratings. [Figure 8] This is an explanatory diagram showing how to arrange a different type of grating than that shown in Figure 7, by placing hollow members in vertical holes and long grooves. [Figure 9] This diagram illustrates the arrangement of hollow members in vertical holes and long grooves, and shows how to arrange gratings differently from those shown in Figures 7 and 8. [Figure 10] This is an explanatory diagram of soil formation during ground improvement. [Figure 11] This is an illustrative diagram showing a partial cross-section of a soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system. [Figure 12] This is an explanatory diagram showing how to place a hollow member in a vertical opening and then install a grating. [Figure 13] This is an explanatory diagram showing how to place a hollow member in a vertical opening and how to place a different grating than the one shown in Figure 12. [Figure 14] This is an explanatory diagram showing how to place a hollow member in a vertical opening and how to arrange a different grating than those shown in Figures 12 and 13. [Figure 15] This is an explanatory diagram showing the placement of a hollow member in a vertical hole. [Figure 16] This is an explanatory diagram showing a hollow member placed individually in a vertical hole and then backfilled. [Figure 17] This is an explanatory diagram showing a hollow member placed individually in a vertical hole and then backfilled. [Figure 18] This is an explanatory diagram showing a hollow member placed individually in a vertical hole and then backfilled. [Figure 19] This is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system used for ground improvement. [Figure 20] This is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line II in Figure 19. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The components in the following embodiments can be configured to produce a more synergistic clogging-removing function by considering the diversity that comes into play with the original properties of the shape, quality, and weight of the materials constituting the components. In other words, by using diversity (for example, three or more types) in a set, a synergistic effect function is produced that is greater than when each component is arranged individually.

[0026] First, the soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system will be explained using Figures 19 and 20. Figure 19 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system used in ground improvement, and Figure 20 is a partial cross-sectional view thereof (following line II). In the figures, reference numeral 10 denotes: As a Shigarami structure possessing a Shigarami structure The vertical hollow member, symbol P is , similarly showing a Shigarami structure that also has a Shigarami structure. The horizontal hollow member, reference numeral 40, is , as a member having a surface with a grafted structure It's a grating.

[0027] Thus, the soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system, used for ground improvement, comprises at least one vertical hole formed in a predetermined area of ​​the soil in the target area, and / or a long trench formed over the target area, and the vertical hole and / or long trench having a lattice structure that ensures the ventilation of air and water. A structure equipped with It is arranged in a shigarami structure A structure equipped with It is composed of members of different lengths and widths, and has an irregular shape consisting of at least one or more members that are straight or curved in the vertical, horizontal, or diagonal directions.

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-section illustrating a part of an embodiment according to the present invention, and Figures 2(a) and (b) are schematic diagrams illustrating an example illustrating a part of an embodiment according to the present invention, where (a) is a cross-section viewed from the side and (b) is a cross-sectional view viewed from above.

[0029] The entangled structure Equipped structureThe materials (components and materials) that form the system will be combined in three ways: (1) shape, (2) quality, and (3) weight. These three types of combinations will be put into practical use based on diversity and empirical methods. The scale of the system to be adopted will be determined by considering the natural conditions of the target area, including the amount of water collected and the soil pressure at the site, including human land use, and then put into practical use. For example, the three types of target areas (fields) are topography, quality, and weight (earth pressure), and the three types of target areas (fields) are determined by assuming that they also include human-induced conditions such as land use.

[0030] The Shigarami structure in this invention can also be understood as a structure created as a result of the combination of rotational and reciprocating motion due to the pressure of air and water flow. Specifically, it is a structure created by the three-dimensional meandering motion of the fluid energy of air and water in the vertical and horizontal directions, such as wave-like or helical forms. Considering these conditions, it is possible to specify certain structural conditions of the material.

[0031] To create a complex structure, diversity is necessary rather than monolithic, and this diversity can be largely achieved through combinations based on three types and three variations. First, the material is divided into three types: shape, texture, and weight, and three variations are combined for each. For example, the three variations of shape could be large, medium, and small, and the three variations of weight could be three types from light to heavy. These combinations of three types and three variations are then put into practical use through empirical methods, based on the principle of diversity.

[0032] Considering the natural conditions of the area to be improved, including the amount of water collected, and the artificial conditions, including human land use and the resulting soil pressure, the scale of the soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system will be determined, focusing on the topography, quality, and weight (soil pressure) of the area.

[0033] Figure 1 shows the area to which the soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system S is applied, with vertical shafts H arranged in the vertical direction. As a Shigarami structure possessing a Shigarami structure A hollow member 10 and a long groove M (in the lateral direction, see Figures 6 to 9) arranged between the hollow member 10 and the long groove M As a Shigarami structure possessing a Shigarami structure Long hollow member P (Hereafter, hollow member 10, hollow member P, and shigarami structure will be used interchangeably as appropriate.) This indicates a state in which two things are connected. In the area to which the soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system S used for ground improvement is applied (for example, Figures 19 and 20), vertical shafts H as shown in Figure 1 are excavated at predetermined locations and intervals in the soil D. The diameter, depth, spacing, and topography of the vertical shafts H are selected according to the degree of deterioration due to the functional state of the soil D, such as water permeability, aeration, pressure resistance, water retention / air retention, and mud filtering.

[0034] As shown in Figures 1 and 5 to 9, the hollow members 10 and P have an irregular shape formed on their outer surfaces, which are made of at least one material with varying lengths and widths, and which have straight or curved lines in the vertical, horizontal, or diagonal directions, as shown in Figure 3.

[0035] At this time, a long groove (passage) M is excavated in conjunction with the vertical shaft H, for arranging the long hollow member P (see Figures 4(a) and 4(b)) (see Figures 7-9). This long groove (passage) M is excavated in a so-called random manner, and the bottom surface is not smoothed out, but rather a groove is created in which wedge-shaped irregularities are formed alternately on the left and right sides. It is preferable to excavate the groove M for arranging the long hollow member P in a gently meandering curve, but if it is excavated to a certain width, the long hollow member P can be arranged in a non-linear manner within that width. Therefore, the groove M may be a linear groove as long as it has a certain width.

[0036] The long, hollow member P is a structure with a ribbed structure that ensures the ventilation of air and water, as shown in Figures 4(a) and 4(b). In this example, it is a member such as a corrugated pipe, and its surrounding surface has an irregular shape composed of at least one or more members of vertical, horizontal, or diagonal straight or curved lines, making it flexible.

[0037] In the example shown in Figure 1, a hollow member 10 placed in a vertical shaft H is connected to a long hollow member P. The long trench M is excavated with a slope that takes into account the relative constant velocity of the long hollow member P, so that water flows smoothly through the hollow member 10 at a constant velocity corresponding to the water volume, water pressure, and soil pressure. At this time, the depth of the long trench M is determined to prevent backflow. As shown in Figure 20, the bottom of the long hollow member P is constructed to be higher than the water level inside the hollow member 10 placed in the vertical shaft H so that drainage can proceed smoothly.

[0038] In this example, the long hollow member P is a long member (pipe-shaped) such as a corrugated pipe, whose outer surface is composed of unspecified surfaces. The diameter of the long member (pipe-shaped) is 80 to 100 mm, and more functionally speaking, it is a mesh structure made up of a combination of spiral curves, and is configured to be bent during installation.

[0039] In this example, the hollow member 10 and the hollow member P are connected at a position off-center from the center of the hollow member 10, as shown in Figure 2(b). With this configuration, the flow from the hollow member P becomes a vortex-like flow within the hollow member 10 and flows smoothly. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2(a), the vertical connection points of the hollow member 10 and the hollow member P are such that the higher-positioned hollow member P is connected at a higher position on the hollow member 10, and the lower-positioned hollow member P is connected at a lower position on the hollow member 10. As a result, the water and air flows mix within the hollow member 10 on different surfaces.

[0040] Furthermore, the connection between the hollow member 10 located in the vertical hole H and the hollow member P located in the elongated groove M is such that the tip of the hollow member P located in the elongated groove M is connected downwards to the hollow member 10 located in the vertical hole H at a position off-center from the center of the hollow member 10 located in the vertical hole H. This guides the flow of water and air downwards from the hollow member 10 located in the vertical hole H, preventing it from moving upwards.

[0041] Furthermore, the hollow member P positioned in the long groove M is connected to the hollow member 10 positioned in the vertical hole H, but in this case, the two hollow members P are connected in such a way that their connection positions are different in terms of the outer surface and height of the hollow member 10.

[0042] As shown in Figure 1, the bottom of the vertical shaft H is covered with permeable, lightweight sand 20, gravel, crushed stone, and plant branches and leaves to prevent mud from entering. Then, the filler material 60 is placed at the bottom of the vertical shaft H where the sand bedding 20 is installed. The sand bedding 20 is made of permeable, lightweight sand to prevent mud from entering, and the filler material 60 is placed after the sand bedding 20. This filler material 60 is made of a mixture of charcoal, pumice, sand, etc. The filler material 60 will be described later. A mud-preventing material 70 is placed on top of the filler material 60. This mud-preventing material 70 is made up of branches and brushwood from felled trees. Furthermore, multiple layers of lean concrete 30 are placed on top.

[0043] Before the lean concrete 30 hardens, a hollow member 10, which ensures water permeability and ventilation around its outer circumference, is installed so that its lower end is fixed by the lean concrete 30 and other support members through appropriate hardening. The diameter of the hollow member 10 is smaller than the diameter of the vertical hole H, preferably in the range of about half or two-thirds (relative selection). Reference numeral 80 denotes backfill soil, and reference numeral 90 denotes planting such as grass.

[0044] The material of the hollow member 10 (hollow member P) can be anything, such as concrete, resin, or metal, but preferably an organic material, such as a natural material like wood, is most preferred. A lightweight and pressure-resistant material that does not compact the surrounding soil due to the weight of the hollow member 10 is desirable. Furthermore, the hollow member 10 (hollow member P) is constructed by joining together multiple materials 11 that have irregular shapes and ensure ventilation, as shown in Figures 3(a) to (f), and is formed as a shigarami structure.

[0045] The Shigarami structure of this embodiment is formed of irregularly shaped fence-like frame members 12. Although the irregularly shaped fence-like frame members 12 are depicted in plan view in Figures 3(a) to (f), they can be arranged three-dimensionally to form a material 11 consisting of irregularly shaped surfaces. Furthermore, with the lattice structure, it is possible to apply the lattice structure under the grating 40 to create a three-dimensional structure for the grating frame. Reference numeral 13 denotes the opening surface formed by the frame material 12. In addition, cuts 14 are formed in the frame material 12 at predetermined positions, and when the pressure applied to the frame material 12 is large, it deforms to allow for smooth flow.

[0046] In this example, the area of ​​the opening surface (openings between frame members 12: gaps) 13 through which water and air flow is equal to or greater than the total area of ​​the material (frame member) 12 constituting the hollow member 10 (hollow member P). In other words, the area ratio of the fence-like frame (frame member) 12 constituting the gap 13 to the gap 13 is set such that the total area of ​​the material constituting the gap 13 is less than or equal to the total area of ​​the gap, and water and air flow through the gap 13 as soil infiltration aqueducts with constant acceleration motion, forming vortices.

[0047] Then, a highly permeable and permeable filler material 60 is filled into the annular space between the bottom of the hollow member 10 (hollow member P), the vertical hole H, and the hollow member 10. The highly permeable and permeable filler material 60 is mainly made of carbonized material obtained by dry distillation, mixed with pumice, sand, or crushed carbonized material, etc., to reduce the overall weight of the construction including the filler material 60 and prevent the soil from being compacted by its weight. Carbonized material obtained by dry distillation includes wood charcoal, bamboo charcoal, etc. Carbonized material obtained by dry distillation has pores of various sizes and a porous structure, so its surface area is very large and it has a very large capacity to purify water and air. Furthermore, it has very high aeration, water permeability, air retention, and water retention functions in a compacted state.

[0048] Therefore, even if air containing organic gases or water containing dissolved harmful substances flows into the filler material 60 from the surrounding soil, the carbonized material has the function of absorbing and purifying organic gases and harmful substances, preventing the accumulation of organic gases and harmful substances in the filler material 60, and maintaining aeration and water permeability over the medium to long term. When air and water circulate appropriately in the pores of the carbonized material obtained by dry distillation, bacteria that decompose organic gases and harmful substances are naturally generated, and the effect is further enhanced. Furthermore, if these bacteria are attached in advance, the effect can be expected to be synergistic. In addition to the above filler material, it is also effective to use it insofar as the soil itself maintains its granular structure.

[0049] When seeping rainwater penetrates around the hollow member 10 (hollow member P), air is pushed out from within the soil before the rainwater moves. If this air does not move smoothly into and around the hollow member 10 when pushed out by the water pressure of the rainwater, the rainwater that is pushed out afterward will be affected by the resistance of the air, and the water collection will be weakened. Therefore, by ensuring that the opening surface is made of multiple gaps (holes) of varying sizes, it is possible to release the air pressure associated with various water pressures.

[0050] As shown in Figure 1, a long hollow member (pipe-shaped) P is connected to the hollow member 10 placed in the vertical hole, thereby connecting a flexible long hollow member (pipe-shaped) P that ensures water permeability and air permeability. This long hollow member P is placed in a passage (long groove M) formed in the soil D. The long hollow member P is not a mesh cylinder, but rather a structure that follows the vortex moment of air and water, and is formed as a composite structure such as a streamlined, wave-like, or helical shape, as long as it can withstand the pressure of the surrounding soil D (it will not collapse under pressure). In other words, instead of a structure based on fixed rules, it can be formed with a random, haphazard structure, without being defined as a specific one. This prevents the long hollow member P itself from becoming clogged, resulting in excellent breathability and water permeability.

[0051] In the above-described embodiment, a hollow member 10 with a lattice structure was explained. However, a hollow member 10 can also be made of an irregularly shaped surface that ensures air permeability and water permeability, i.e., air permeation, permeation, and drainage. For example, it can have an outer surface that forms the outer shape, and the outer surface can be made of an irregularly shaped assembled member made of members of different lengths and widths, at least one of which is a straight or curved line in the vertical, horizontal, or diagonal directions, and the gap 13 formed between these assembled members. In this case, the area ratio of the material (assembled member) constituting the gap 13 to the gap 13 is set such that the total area of ​​the material (assembled member) constituting the gap 13 is less than or equal to the total area of ​​the gap 13.

[0052] Hollow member 10, which is an irregularly shaped three-dimensional structure placed in a vertical hole. end face side The top surface is open, and a grating 40 is installed to cover this open top surface. The grating 40 is made of the same material as the hollow member 10 (hollow member P) mentioned above, and its shape is as shown in Figures 3(a) to (f), following the vortex flow of air and water in the hollow member 10, and is composed of a composite structure such as a streamlined, wave-like, or spiral shape, the aforementioned rippled structure, or a so-called random structure. The material used for the grating 40 is iron (galvanized), stainless steel, aluminum, FRP, or natural materials such as wood.

[0053] In other words, the plan view shape of the grating 40 is a polyhedron structure, formed by combining irregularly shaped members of different lengths, etc., as shown in Figures 3(a) to (f), combining members of different lengths, etc., and combining members of different outer perimeters, etc., to form an ellipse, isosceles triangle, or scalene triangle, and is formed to match the shape of the open surface on the upper surface of the hollow member 10. Furthermore, the corners 15 of the component (see Figures 3(a), (c), and (e)) are streamlined to prevent water, air, and other fluids that obstruct flow from getting caught. Furthermore, although not shown in the diagram, a configuration can also be used in which various frame members consisting of outer perimeters of different lengths are combined to form an unequal-sided pentagon to match the shape of the upper surface of the hollow member 10.

[0054] Generally, "rainwater infiltration tanks" are designed to efficiently allow rainwater from the surface to infiltrate the soil. The bottom of the tank is made of gravel or other material that allows water to easily penetrate the soil, temporarily storing the rainwater that falls on the surface and gradually allowing it to seep into the ground. By installing rainwater infiltration tanks, it becomes possible for rainwater to reach unsaturated geological layers and aquifers, and the supply of sufficient water can lead to the revival of springs. Furthermore, since rainwater that has seeped into the soil slowly reaches rivers over time, it has the effect of mitigating urban flooding caused by a sudden influx of large amounts of water. In other words, it is important to construct facilities that mimic the infiltration and dispersion functions of natural water veins. Here, as an indirect measure, in order to regenerate and improve the functions of the watershed, it is important to promote soil aggregation, which involves homogenizing the soil layer, regenerating and stabilizing the plant root layer, regenerating the water retention and aeration functions of the soil layer, regenerating the pressure resistance function of the soil layer, and regenerating meteorological functions.

[0055] Therefore, by using the hollow member 10 according to the present invention as a rainwater infiltration basin (a facility that can allow rainwater that falls in residential areas, etc., to permeate into the ground), the rate of infiltration can be slowed down, so each individual facility does not need to be huge. The effect is best achieved by distributing the vertical holes (vertical holes) over a wide area so that small amounts of rainwater can permeate and be processed in many places. For this reason, the rainwater infiltration basin is suitable for use in individual houses, as it is easy to install and manage, small, and inexpensive.

[0056] Hollow member 10 end faceThe top surface is covered with a grating 40, but the upper parts of the vertical holes H and long grooves M are not backfilled in principle, as shown in Figures 16 to 18. If unavoidable, the function of the blocked areas can be replaced elsewhere, allowing water and air to escape. Relatively, the distribution is made uniform. Furthermore, filler material 60 is placed in the target area to which the soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system is applied, allowing for leveling and the placement of plants, etc. In this case as well, the soil is formed without backfilling in principle, as described above. The filler material 60, which has high aeration and water permeability, is made by mixing carbonized material obtained by dry distillation, natural materials, etc., with pumice, sand, etc., as the main material, making the overall weight light, preventing soil compaction due to its weight, and ensuring the joints and mutual aeration and water permeability functions. The carbonized material obtained by dry distillation is wood charcoal, bamboo charcoal, etc., and it is preferable that it is made of at least two or more materials in the aforementioned irregular structure.

[0057] As a structure with a Shigarami structure While the hollow member 10 has been described, a long hollow member P can also be constructed in a similar manner. This is because if the hollow member P is arranged laterally along a long groove M, it can be used as an underground drainage system. In this case, the hollow member 10 and the long hollow member P can be joined at predetermined intervals. When joined with the long hollow member P, a hollow member 10 larger than the long hollow member P is placed at predetermined intervals and positions, making it possible to handle a relatively large amount of rainwater. This allows for a configuration that can handle large amounts of rainwater in a short period of time, such as during torrential downpours.

[0058] In this example, the approximate dimensions of the hollow member 10 placed in the vertical hole H are as follows: the upper diameter is 250mm to 300mm, the lower diameter (bottom surface) is 100mm to 150mm, and the depth (height) is 250mm to 350mm. In other words, it is configured such that the ratio of the upper diameter:depth (height):lower diameter (bottom side) is 3:3:2. In addition, the frame at the upper end of the hollow member 10 and the surrounding parts of the hollow member 10 also have structures such as grids, lattices, and braces in some parts.

[0059] The connection between the hollow member 10 positioned in the vertical hole H and the hollow member P positioned in the long groove M is made by cutting a section of the mesh of the hollow member 10 positioned in the vertical hole H, away from the center, as shown in Figure 5(b), to form a connecting hole 16. In this example, two connecting holes 16 are formed: one slightly above the lower end (bottom side) of the hollow member 10, away from the center of the hollow member 10, and another at the center in the height direction, away from the center of the diameter in the width direction of the hollow member 10.

[0060] The hollow member P, positioned in the elongated groove M, is inserted into the connecting hole 16 from both sides to connect with the hollow member 10. At this time, as shown in Figure 2(a), one end of the hollow member P connected to the hollow member 10 positioned in the vertical hole H is connected downwards, and the other end of the hollow member P is connected to the hollow member 10 positioned in the vertical hole H at different positions in the vertical direction, both facing downwards. As a result, the flow of water and air from the long hollow member P located in the long groove M enters the hollow member 10 located in the vertical hole H, creating a vortex-like flow that allows for smooth circulation.

[0061] Figures 6 to 9 show the process of arranging the hollow members 10 and P. In Figure 6, after excavating the vertical shaft H and the long trench M, charcoal or similar material is laid down, and the hollow members 10 and P are placed in the soil (it is advisable to devise a method of fixing them so that they penetrate the soil, allowing plant roots to grip the soil in each location while exerting tension). Then, as described above, the hollow members 10 and P are connected. Figure 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the arrangement of the hollow members 10 and P in the vertical shaft H and the long trench M, and the placement of the grating 40. Figure 8 is an explanatory diagram showing how to position a grating 40 with a cut 14 formed at a predetermined position, and Figure 9 shows an example in which a cut 14 is also formed in the hollow member 10.

[0062] Figure 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the formation of the surface layer with the grating in place, where the surface layer forms a 5 cm thick layer of soil. Reference numeral 80 indicates backfill soil, and reference numeral 90 indicates planting such as grass. In other words, hollow members 10 and P are placed in the vertical holes H and long trenches M, mud intrusion prevention material is placed, and then the grating is placed.

[0063] Figure 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic cross-section of a vertical shaft H with a hollow member P placed in it. This shows an example where the hollow member P is placed in the vertical shaft H, omitting the hollow member 10. Reference numeral 50 denotes backfill soil.

[0064] Figures 12 to 18 show examples in which a hollow member 10 is used individually in a vertical shaft H. Figure 19 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic cross-section of an example in which a soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system is applied, and Figure 20 is an explanatory diagram of section II of Figure 19, which is a schematic cross-section of an example in which a soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system is applied. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0065] 10 Hollow member 11 Irregularly shaped components 12. Fence-like frame (frame material) 13 Opening surface (gap) 14 cuts 15 corners 16 connecting holes 17 Fixing member (long pin) 20 Bedding sand 30. Lean concrete 40 Grating 50 Backfill soil 60 Filling material 70 Mud infiltration prevention material 80 Backfill soil 90. Planting of lawns, etc. S Soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system H Vertical hole (vertical hole) P Long hollow member (pipe-shaped) M Long trench (passageway)

Claims

1. A Shigarami structure having a Shigarami structure used in a soil aeration, infiltration, and drainage system for ground improvement, wherein the Shigarami structure is arranged in a longitudinal groove formed in a predetermined area to be ground improved, and the outer surface of the Shigarami structure is formed of gaps and at least one or more materials having longitudinal, transverse, or diagonal straight lines or curves of different lengths and widths, and the surface of the Shigarami structure is formed such that the area ratio of the materials constituting the gaps to the gaps is such that the total area of ​​the materials constituting the gaps is less than or equal to the total area of ​​the gaps.

2. The Shigarami structure according to Claim 1, characterized in that the upper surface on the end face side of the Shigarami structure is an open surface, and a member having a surface equipped with a Shigarami structure is arranged on the open surface.

3. The Shigarami structure according to claim 2, characterized in that a part of the member having a surface equipped with a Shigarami structure arranged on the open surface has a cut formed in the short direction of the material.

4. The Shigarami structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the Shigarami structure is formed in which a frame that forms a gap is made up of multiple types of grids.

5. The Shigarami structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a vertically arranged Shigarami structure is placed in a vertical groove formed in a predetermined area to be improved, and a Shigarami structure is placed in a horizontally long groove formed in a predetermined area to be improved is connected to it.

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