Disassembly method
The method addresses noise and vibration issues in concrete disassembly by using intersecting pressure directions in angled insertion parts to enhance crushing efficiency, particularly for slabs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- JP · JP
- Patent Type
- Patents
- Current Assignee / Owner
- KAJIMA CORP
- Filing Date
- 2022-08-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-01
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for disassembling concrete members generate noise and vibration, and are inefficient due to incomplete crushing between adjacent holes.
A demolition method involving the insertion of pressurizing mechanisms into the concrete member at angled insertion parts, applying pressure in intersecting directions to increase the crushing area and efficiency.
The method suppresses noise and vibration while efficiently crushing concrete by expanding the crushing area through synergistic pressure application, suitable for slabs without clamping surfaces.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to a method for disassembling concrete members and the like.
Background Art
[0002] In building renovation work, it may be necessary to disassemble a portion about several centimeters deep from the surface of a concrete member, such as a structure located below a window frame or a steel door frame, or a remaining structure after the disassembly of a wall or a slab. Generally, an electric pick is used when disassembling the surface layer of such a concrete member.
[0003] On the other hand, in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 11(a), rod-shaped hydraulic crushers (not shown) are inserted on both sides of a V-shaped crushing hole 102 formed in a concrete member 101, and pressure is applied from each hydraulic crusher to the surface side of the concrete member 101 as indicated by the arrows, so that the concrete located inside the crushing hole 102 is pushed out toward the surface of the concrete member 1 and crushed. A method is disclosed.
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents
[0004]
Patent Document 1
Summary of the Invention
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0005] When disassembling using an electric pick as described above, noise, vibration, etc. are generated, which becomes a problem when performing renovation work while using the building.
[0006] On the other hand, while the method described in Patent Document 1 makes it possible to dismantle the concrete member 101 quietly, there were issues in terms of efficiency during dismantling. For example, Figure 11(b) shows the portion R1 on the surface of the concrete member 101 where the concrete is crushed using the method in Figure 11(a). In the method in Figure 11(a), this portion R1 is roughly triangular (sector-shaped) in plane with the opening of the crushing hole 102 as its vertex. Therefore, concrete may remain uncrushed in the portion between adjacent crushing holes 102 (see reference numeral R2 in Figure 11(b)), and in this case, it was necessary to crush the remaining concrete using a separate method.
[0007] This invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a demolition method that can suitably demolish concrete members while suppressing noise, vibration, etc. [Means for solving the problem]
[0008] The present invention, for achieving the aforementioned objective, is a demolition method for demolishing a concrete member, comprising the steps of: (a) providing at least two insertion parts for inserting a pressurizing mechanism into the concrete member at an angle in the plane of the thickness direction of the concrete member from the surface of the concrete member so that their tips are not continuous; and (b) inserting a pressurizing mechanism into each of the two insertion parts and simultaneously applying pressure to the surface side of the concrete member with both pressurizing mechanisms to crush the concrete between the two insertion parts, wherein in step (b), the directions in which pressure is applied to the surface side of the concrete member by both pressurizing mechanisms intersect or face each other in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the concrete member. Limited to one direction This is a demolition method characterized by the following:
[0009] In this invention, noise and vibration during demolition can be suppressed by applying pressure to the concrete using a pressurizing mechanism inserted into the insertion section to crush it. Furthermore, by defining the insertion section into which the pressurizing mechanism is inserted and the direction of pressure applied by the two pressurizing mechanisms as described above, and operating these pressurizing mechanisms simultaneously, the synergistic effect of both pressurizing mechanisms creates additional areas where the concrete is crushed, increasing the crushing area per operation, and thus enabling efficient demolition of concrete members.
[0010] For example, in step (a), a crushing hole is provided as the insertion part, and in step (b), the pressurizing mechanism is inserted into each of the two crushing holes formed in the same direction, and the direction in which pressure is applied to the surface side of the concrete member by both pressurizing mechanisms intersects with a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the concrete member. This allows for the efficient demolition of concrete members using pressurizing mechanisms such as hydraulic crushers.
[0011] Alternatively, in step (a), a slit is provided as the insertion portion, and in step (b), a plate-shaped pressurizing mechanism is inserted into each of the two slits that are parallel in their longitudinal directions, and it is desirable that the directions in which pressure is applied to the surface side of the concrete member by both pressurizing mechanisms are opposite in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the concrete member. In this case, in step (b), it is also desirable that the positions of both pressurizing mechanisms in the longitudinal direction of the slit are partially offset. This allows for the efficient demolition of concrete members using plate-shaped pressurizing mechanisms such as plate jacks. Furthermore, by shifting the insertion position of the pressurizing mechanism and applying pressure, the area where the concrete is crushed is further expanded due to the synergistic effect of both pressurizing mechanisms, making the demolition of concrete members more efficient.
[0012] The concrete member is, for example, a slab. The demolition method of the present invention can be suitably applied to the demolition of slabs that do not have a clamping surface and cannot be demolished with a crusher or the like. [Effects of the Invention]
[0013] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a dismantling method and the like that can suitably dismantle a concrete member while suppressing noise, vibration, and the like.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0014] [Figure 1] A diagram showing the crushing holes 3a and 3b formed in the concrete member 1. [Figure 2] A diagram showing the hydraulic breaker 4. [Figure 3] A diagram for explaining the method of dismantling the concrete member 1. [Figure 4] A diagram for explaining the method of dismantling the concrete member 1. [Figure 5] An example of dismantling the planar dismantling range of the concrete member 1. [Figure 6] A diagram showing the plate jack 7. [Figure 7] A diagram showing the slits 6a and 6b formed in the concrete member 1. [Figure 8] A diagram for explaining the method of dismantling the concrete member 1. [Figure 9] A diagram for explaining the method of dismantling the concrete member 1. [Figure 10] An example of partially shifting the position of the plate jack 7. [Figure 11] A diagram showing the concrete member 101 and the crushing hole 102.
Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention
[0015] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0016] [First Embodiment] FIG. 1(a) is a view showing the surface of a concrete member 1 to be disassembled by the disassembling method according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the concrete member 1 is a slab, and a hydraulic breaker is inserted into the crushing holes 3a, 3b (insertion portions) provided from the surface of the concrete member 1, and pressure is applied to the surface side of the concrete member 1 by the hydraulic breaker, thereby crushing the concrete in the surface layer portion which is a part of the concrete member 1 in the thickness direction, and removing the crushed debris after crushing.
[0017] The disassembling range of the concrete member 1 is in a strip shape as indicated by reference numeral 2 in FIG. 1(a), and a plurality of crushing holes 3a, 3b are formed at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the disassembling range 2 on both sides of the strip-shaped disassembling range 2. The crushing holes 3a, 3b on both sides of the disassembling range 2 are arranged so that the positions in the longitudinal direction of the disassembling range 2 correspond to each other. The crushing holes 3a, 3b can be formed, for example, by drilling the concrete member 1 from the surface.
[0018] FIGS. 1(b) and (c) respectively show cross-sections in the thickness direction of the concrete member 1 taken along lines A-A and B-B in FIG. 1(a). The crushing holes 3a, 3b extend in the width direction of the disassembling range 2 from both sides of the disassembling range 2 toward the inside of the disassembling range 2 as shown in FIG. 1(a) in a plane (a plane orthogonal to the thickness direction), but in the plane of the thickness direction, they are formed so as to extend obliquely downward as shown in FIG. 1(c). On the other hand, the adjacent crushing holes 3a, 3a and the crushing holes 3b, 3b in the longitudinal direction of the disassembling range 2 are formed in the same direction.
[0019] Also, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1(c), there is a gap between the tips (bottom ends) of the crushing holes 3a, 3b on both sides of the disassembling range 2, and the tips of these crushing holes 3a, 3b are not continuous. The same applies to the tips of the adjacent crushing holes 3a, 3a or the crushing holes 3b, 3b in the longitudinal direction of the disassembling range 2 (see FIG. 1(b)).
[0020] After forming crushing holes 3a and 3b in the concrete member 1 in this manner, the concrete in the demolition area 2 is crushed using a wedge-shaped hydraulic crusher 4 shown in Figure 2(a). The hydraulic crusher 4 is a small pressurizing mechanism having a wedge-shaped wedge portion 41 and a blade portion 42 at its end. As shown in Figure 2(b), by pushing the wedge portion 41 toward the tip using hydraulic pressure, the blade portions 42 on both sides of the wedge portion 41 can be spread outwards.
[0021] As shown in Figure 3(a), the ends of the hydraulic crusher 4 are inserted into the adjacent crushing holes 3a, 3a in the longitudinal direction of the demolition area 2, and the wedge portions 41 of each hydraulic crusher 4 are pushed in simultaneously to spread the blade portions 42. This simultaneously applies pressure indicated by arrow E to the surface (free surface) side of the concrete member 1, as shown in Figure 3(b). Figure 3(b) is a cross-section of the concrete member 1 in the thickness direction along line AA in Figure 3(a), and the hydraulic crusher 4 is not shown.
[0022] As shown in Figure 3(b), in this embodiment, the direction in which pressure E is applied is not directly above each crushing hole 3a, 3a, but rather, as shown in Figure 3(a), pressure is applied in a plane in a direction that intersects within the demolition range 2. Due to these pressures E, the concrete within the demolition range 2 between the crushing holes 3a, 3a is pushed out toward the surface side of the concrete member 1 and crushed, causing cracks to form and separating (crushing) it from the remaining concrete. The hydraulic crusher 4 applies pressure to both the surface side and the bottom side of the concrete member 1 from the crushing hole 3a, but since there is no free surface in this direction, the pressure is limited to crushing the concrete of the hole wall.
[0023] Figure 3(c) shows the crushed concrete portion 5 at this time. In the longitudinal direction of the demolition area 2, the crushed portion 5 is the area between the crushing holes 3a, 3a into which the hydraulic crusher 4 was inserted, and in the width direction of the demolition area 2, it is the area from these crushing holes 3a, 3a to the center of the width direction of the demolition area 2.
[0024] This crushing section 5 is larger than the section 51 that can be crushed when each hydraulic crusher 4 is operated individually. This is because when two hydraulic crushers 4 are operated simultaneously, in addition to the section 51 that can be crushed when one hydraulic crusher 4 is operated individually, the synergistic effect of operating both hydraulic crushers 4 simultaneously causes additional concrete crushing in the section 52 sandwiched between the above section 51.
[0025] In this manner, after crushing the concrete in the crushing section 5 using adjacent crushing holes 3a, 3a in the longitudinal direction of the demolition area 2, the positions of the crushing holes 3a, 3a into which the hydraulic crusher 4 is inserted are shifted in the longitudinal direction of the demolition area 2, as shown in Figure 4(a), and the concrete is crushed again using the same procedure.
[0026] In this embodiment, one of the crushing holes 3a, 3a used in this process is the same as one of the crushing holes 3a used in Figure 3(a). For example, the left crushing hole 3a used in Figure 4(a) is the same as the right crushing hole 3a used in Figure 3(a), but the direction in which pressure E is applied to the concrete is different, so it is possible to apply pressure using the hole wall that has not been crushed. As a result, as shown in Figure 4(b), the crushed portion 5 of the concrete is continuous with the crushed portion 5 in Figure 3(c) in the longitudinal direction of the demolition range 2.
[0027] Similarly, by shifting the positions of the crushing holes 3a, 3a used along the longitudinal direction of the demolition area 2 and crushing the concrete with the hydraulic crusher 4, the crushed concrete sections 5 are arranged in a strip-like pattern, as shown in Figure 4(c). Subsequently, by repeating the above procedure for the crushing hole 3b on the opposite side in the width direction of the demolition area 2, the entire concrete in the demolition area 2 can be crushed, as shown in Figure 4(d).
[0028] The size of the crushing holes 3a and 3b will vary depending on the hydraulic crusher 4, etc., but for example, the diameter is about 20 mm and the depth is about 60 mm. In addition, the spacing between adjacent crushing holes 3a, 3a and crushing holes 3b, 3b in the longitudinal direction of the demolition area 2 will be about 100 mm to 200 mm, and the angle between the crushing holes 3a and 3b in the plane in the thickness direction of the concrete member 1 will be about 45°, but this is not limited to this.
[0029] As described above, in the first embodiment, noise and vibration during demolition can be suppressed by applying pressure to the concrete with the hydraulic crushers 4 inserted into the crushing holes 3a and 3b and crushing it. Furthermore, by setting the direction of pressure applied by the two hydraulic crushers 4 and the crushing holes 3a and 3b into which the hydraulic crushers 4 are inserted as described above, and operating these hydraulic crushers 4 simultaneously, an additional portion 52 of the concrete is crushed due to the synergistic effect of both hydraulic crushers 4, increasing the crushing area per operation, and thus enabling efficient demolition of the concrete member 1.
[0030] However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, in this embodiment, a strip-shaped demolition area 2 is set, but the demolition area 2 is not limited to this, and a planar demolition area 2 extending vertically and horizontally on the surface of the concrete member 1 may be set. In this case, as shown in Figure 5(a), three or more rows (three rows in the example of Figure 5(a)) of crushing holes 3a, 3b, 3c, ... can be formed on the surface of the concrete member 1, and the above procedure can be performed for each row of crushing holes 3a, 3b, 3c, ... As a result, as shown in Figure 5(b), the crushed portion 5 of the concrete will spread vertically and horizontally, making it possible to crush the concrete in the planar demolition area 2.
[0031] In this embodiment, the concrete member 1 to be demolished is a slab. The demolition method of the present invention can be suitably applied to the demolition of slabs that do not have a clamping surface and cannot be demolished by crushers or the like, but the concrete member 1 to be demolished is not limited to a slab. For example, it may be a concrete wall or the like.
[0032] Furthermore, the hydraulic crusher 4 is not limited to the one shown in Figure 2(a), but can be any device that can be inserted into the crushing holes 3a and 3b and pressurize the concrete. For example, as disclosed in Figure 7 of the aforementioned Patent Document 1, it may be a device in which a protruding part provided on a rod-shaped body is made to protrude to the outside of the body by hydraulic pressure.
[0033] Furthermore, the pressurizing mechanism used for crushing concrete is not limited to a hydraulic crusher. Below, another example of the present invention with a different pressurizing mechanism used for crushing concrete will be described as a second embodiment. The differences between the second embodiment and the first embodiment will be described, and similar components will be denoted by the same reference numerals in the figures, etc., and their descriptions will be omitted.
[0034] [Second Embodiment] The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that it uses a plate jack 7, illustrated in Figure 6(a), to dismantle the concrete member 1. The plate jack 7 is a small, plate-shaped pressurizing mechanism formed by welding the outer peripheries of two metal plates 71 together to form a bag-like structure. An example of such a mechanism is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2007-8601, etc.
[0035] The plate jack 7 is also provided with an inlet 72 for supplying fluid to the inside of the two metal plates 71. By supplying fluid such as water through the inlet 72, the two metal plates 71 bulge outwards and expand, as shown in Figure 6(b).
[0036] When demolishing the concrete member 1, first, as shown in Figure 7(a), two slits 6a and 6b (insertion parts) are formed along the longitudinal direction of the strip-shaped demolition area 2 on both sides of the demolition area 2. The longitudinal directions of these slits 6a and 6b are parallel. The slits 6a and 6b can be formed, for example, by cutting the concrete with a concrete cutter.
[0037] Figures 7(b) and 7(c) show cross-sections of the concrete member 1 in the thickness direction along lines CC and DD in Figure 7(a), respectively. The slits 6a and 6b are formed to extend in the width direction of the demolition area 2 from both sides of the demolition area 2 toward the interior of the demolition area 2 in the plane, and to extend diagonally downward in the thickness direction plane. In this embodiment, there is a gap between the ends of the slits 6a and 6b on both sides of the demolition area 2, and the ends of these slits 6a and 6b are not continuous.
[0038] After forming slits 6a and 6b in the concrete member 1 in this manner, plate jacks 7 are inserted into the corresponding positions in the longitudinal direction of each of the slits 6a and 6b, as shown in Figure 8(a). By simultaneously expanding these plate jacks 7, pressure indicated by arrow G can be applied to the surface side of the concrete member 1, as shown in Figure 8(b). Figure 8(b) is a cross-section of the concrete member 1 in the thickness direction along line DD in Figure 8(a), and the plate jacks 7 are not shown.
[0039] As shown in Figure 8(a), the pressure G applied from the two plate jacks 7 is in opposing directions within the demolition area 2 in the plane. Due to these pressures G, the concrete within the demolition area 2 between the slits 6a and 6b is pushed out toward the surface side of the concrete member 1 and crushed, causing cracks to form and separating (fracturing) from the remaining concrete.
[0040] Figure 8(c) shows the crushed concrete portion 5 at this time. In the longitudinal direction of the demolition area 2, the crushed portion 5 corresponds to the length of the plate jack 7, and in the width direction of the demolition area 2, it is the entire portion between slits 6a and 6b.
[0041] This crushed portion 5 is also larger than the portion 51 that can be crushed when each plate jack 7 is operated individually. When the two plate jacks 7 are operated simultaneously, in addition to the portion 51 that can be separated when each plate jack 7 is operated individually, the synergistic effect of operating both plate jacks 7 simultaneously causes additional concrete crushing in the portion 52 sandwiched between the above portion 51.
[0042] Next, as shown in Figure 9(a), the insertion position of the plate jacks 7 into each slit 6a and 6b is shifted in the longitudinal direction of slits 6a and 6b to be adjacent to the previously crushed section 5, and the concrete is crushed again using the same procedure. As a result, as shown in Figure 9(b), the crushed concrete section 5 becomes continuous with the crushed section 5 in Figure 8(c) in the longitudinal direction of the demolition area 2. Similarly, by shifting the position of the plate jacks 7 in the longitudinal direction of slits 6a and 6b and crushing the concrete with the plate jacks 7, the entire concrete in the demolition area 2 can be crushed, as shown in Figure 9(c).
[0043] The sizes of slits 6a and 6b will vary depending on the plate jack 7, but for example, the width should be about 5 mm and the depth 30 mm or more. Also, the angle of slits 6a and 6b in the plane in the thickness direction of concrete member 1 should be about 45°, but this is not limited to this.
[0044] In this second embodiment as well, the same effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained by crushing the concrete as described above using the plate jacks 7 inserted into the slits 6a and 6b.
[0045] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 10(a), it is also possible to partially shift the insertion position of the plate jacks 7 in the longitudinal direction of the slits 6a and 6b between the two slits 6a and 6b. As a result, as shown in Figure 10(b), when the plate jacks 7 are operated individually, the crushing of concrete occurs not only between the sections 51 that can be crushed, but also in the areas adjacent to the longitudinal direction of the slits 6a and 6b in those sections 51, due to the synergistic effect of both plate jacks 7 operating simultaneously. This expands the area 5 that can be crushed at once, making the demolition work more efficient.
[0046] Preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the attached drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications or alterations can be conceived within the scope of the technical idea disclosed herein, and these will naturally also fall within the technical scope of the present invention. [Explanation of Symbols]
[0047] 1. 101: Concrete Member 2: Demolition scope 3a, 3b, 3c, 102: Fracture hole 4: Hydraulic crusher 5: Crushed portion 6a, 6b: Slit 7: Plate jack
Claims
1. A demolition method for dismantling concrete members, (a) A step of providing at least two insertion portions for inserting a pressurizing mechanism into the concrete member, at an angle from the surface of the concrete member in the plane in the thickness direction of the concrete member, such that their tips are not continuous, (b) A step in which a pressurizing mechanism is inserted into each of the two insertion parts, and pressure is applied simultaneously to the surface side of the concrete member by both pressurizing mechanisms, thereby crushing the concrete between the two insertion parts. It has, A demolition method characterized in that, in step (b), the direction in which pressure is applied to the surface side of the concrete member by both pressurizing mechanisms is limited to a direction that intersects or faces the plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the concrete member.
2. In step (a) above, a crushing hole is provided as the insertion part, The demolition method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (b) above, the pressurizing mechanism is inserted into each of the two crushing holes formed in the same direction, and the direction in which pressure is applied to the surface side of the concrete member by both pressurizing mechanisms intersects in a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the concrete member.
3. In step (a) above, a slit is provided as the insertion portion, The demolition method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (b) above, a plate-shaped pressurizing mechanism is inserted into each of the two slits whose longitudinal directions are parallel, and the direction in which pressure is applied to the surface side of the concrete member by both pressurizing mechanisms is opposite to the plane perpendicular to the thickness direction of the concrete member.
4. The dismantling method according to claim 3, characterized in that in step (b), the positions of both pressurizing mechanisms in the longitudinal direction of the slit are partially offset.
5. The demolition method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the concrete member is a slab.