Aqueous dispersion, and film and laminate formed using same

Abstract

This aqueous dispersion comprises a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), the aqueous dispersion being characterized in that the content of the nonionic surfactant (B) is 0.1-200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A), and is at least 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C).

Description

Aqueous dispersion, film and laminate using the same

[0001] The present invention relates to an aqueous dispersion useful as a water- and oil-resistant coating agent or a heat-sealable coating agent. More specifically, the present invention relates to an aqueous dispersion that has low viscosity, excellent storage stability, and excellent workability, and that can impart water- and oil-resistant properties and heat-sealable properties to a substrate when used as a coating agent. The present invention also relates to a water- and oil-resistant coating agent or a heat-sealable coating agent comprising the aqueous dispersion, and a film and a laminate using the aqueous dispersion.

[0002] Conventionally, food packaging materials used for confectionery, fried foods, etc. have been made of pulp substrates such as paper or plastic substrates that have been given water and oil resistance by applying a coating agent, and the coating agent used is a fluorine-based compound, paraffin wax, etc. These packaging materials are required to have water and oil resistance from the viewpoint of stain prevention, and in many cases, heat sealability is also required from the viewpoint of fixing the package.

[0003] While such fluorine-based compounds have excellent water and oil resistance, there are concerns that they are harmful to the environment and the human body, and in recent years their use has been increasingly prohibited or avoided.In addition, paraffin wax has the problem of not being able to provide satisfactory performance due to its poor water and oil resistance.

[0004] In view of these problems, for example, Patent Document 1 describes a waterproof and moisture-proof coating agent for cardboard that is an aqueous dispersion containing a natural hydrocarbon wax, a plant sterol, and a low-HLB sucrose fatty acid ester. Patent Document 2 describes a paper paint that contains liquid paraffin, a sucrose fatty acid ester, and a water-soluble resin. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 describes a waterproof and oil-resistant paper coating agent that is a composition in which a low-HLB sucrose fatty acid ester is mixed with an aqueous polyvinyl alcohol solution.

[0005] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-302065 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-111703 Special Publication No. 2020-500222

[0006] However, even when the aqueous dispersions described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 are used as coating agents, satisfactory water resistance and oil resistance cannot be obtained, and further improvement in water resistance and oil resistance is required. Furthermore, Patent Document 3 does not describe the properties of the dispersion obtained, and the inventors' investigations have revealed that only a slurry with extremely high viscosity and low dispersion stability can be obtained, making industrial application of this dispersion difficult. Moreover, neither document makes any mention of heat sealability.

[0007] In light of this background, an object of the present invention is to provide an aqueous dispersion that is excellent in productivity, storage stability, and workability, and that, when used as a coating agent, can impart sufficient water and oil resistance and heat sealability to a substrate.

[0008] The present inventors have discovered that, in an aqueous dispersion containing a binder resin, a nonionic surfactant, and a wax, by controlling the content of the nonionic surfactant relative to the binder resin and wax components to a specific ratio, it is possible to impart sufficient water and oil resistance and heat sealability to the substrate when the dispersion is applied to the substrate to form a coating film, and have achieved the present invention. The gist of the present invention is as follows: [1] to

[23]

[0009] [1] An aqueous dispersion containing a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), wherein the content of the nonionic surfactant (B) is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A), and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C).

[0010] [2] The aqueous dispersion according to [1], wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, and polyoxyethylene alkyl amines.

[0011] [3] An aqueous dispersion containing a binder resin (A), a surfactant (B'), and a wax component (C), wherein the surfactant (B') contains at least one of a sucrose fatty acid ester and a sorbitan fatty acid ester, and the content of the surfactant (B') is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A) and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C).

[0012] [4] The aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [3], further comprising an anionic surfactant (D).

[0013] [5] The aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the binder resin (A) is a radical polymerization resin selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic resin, styrene resin, vinyl resin, olefin resin, and copolymers containing monomers of these resins.

[0014] [6] The aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [5], further containing pulp fibers.

[0015] [7] The aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [6], which has a viscosity of 5,000 mPa·s or less as measured at 25°C and a shear rate of 100 rpm using a Brookfield viscometer.

[0016] [8] The aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the average particle size of the emulsion measured at 25°C using a laser diffraction device is less than 100 μm.

[0017] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention preferably further satisfies the following constituent requirements (1) to (10). (1) The polyol fatty acid ester of the nonionic surfactant (B) is at least one selected from sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters. (2) The anionic surfactant (D) is a fatty acid metal salt. (3) The binder resin (A) is at least one of a chain polymerization resin, a polycondensation resin, and a natural resin. (4) The binder resin (A) is at least one of a polyester resin and a polyamide resin, which are polycondensation resins. (5) The binder resin (A) is at least one of a starch resin, a rosin resin, and a terpene resin, which are natural resins. (6) The HLB values ​​of the nonionic surfactant (B) and the surfactant (B') are 9 or less. (7) The melting points of the nonionic surfactant (B) and the surfactant (B') are 0°C or higher. (8) The wax component (C) is an ester compound having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid and a structural moiety derived from an aliphatic alcohol. (9) The melting point of the wax component (C) is 40°C or higher. (10) The total content of the binder resin (A), the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B'), and the wax component (C) is 50% by mass or higher, and the content of the wax component (C) is 0.1 to 40 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A).

[0018] [9] A water-resistant and oil-resistant coating agent comprising the aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [8].

[0019]

[10] A coating agent for paper, plastic, or fiber, comprising the aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [8].

[0020]

[11] A heat-sealable coating agent comprising the aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [8].

[0021]

[12] A film comprising a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), wherein the content of the nonionic surfactant (B) is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A) and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C).

[0022]

[13] A film comprising a binder resin (A), a surfactant (B'), and a wax component (C), wherein the surfactant (B') contains at least one of a sucrose fatty acid ester and a sorbitan fatty acid ester, and the content of the surfactant (B') is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A) and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C).

[0023]

[14] A film comprising a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), characterized in that the film contains a phase (X) having birefringence.

[0024]

[15] A film comprising a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), wherein the surface roughness Ra of the film surface measured by a scanning probe microscope is 10 to 100 nm.

[0025]

[16] The film according to any one of

[12] to

[15] , having a film thickness of 0.1 to 30 μm.

[0026]

[17] The film according to any one of

[12] to

[16] , which is a water-resistant and oil-resistant film.

[0027]

[18] The film according to any one of

[12] to

[17] , which is a heat-sealable film.

[0028] The membrane of the present invention also preferably further adopts the above-mentioned constituent elements (1) to (10).

[0029]

[19] A packaging material having the film according to any one of

[12] to

[18] .

[0030]

[20] A food packaging material having the film according to any one of

[12] to

[18] .

[0031]

[21] A laminate having a coating film formed on a surface of a substrate using the aqueous dispersion according to any one of [1] to [8].

[0032]

[22] A laminate having a substrate and the film according to any one of

[12] to

[18] .

[0033]

[23] The laminate according to

[21] or

[22] , wherein the substrate is paper, plastic, or fiber.

[0034] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is an aqueous dispersion system excellent in productivity, storage stability, and workability, and when used as a coating agent, it is capable of imparting sufficient water and oil resistance and heat sealability to a substrate.

[0035] The present invention will be described in detail below.

[0036] [Aqueous Dispersion] The aqueous dispersion according to a first embodiment of the present invention is an aqueous dispersion containing a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), characterized in that the content of the nonionic surfactant (B) is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A) and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C). The aqueous dispersion according to a second embodiment of the present invention is an aqueous dispersion containing a binder resin (A), a surfactant (B'), and a wax component (C), characterized in that the surfactant (B') contains at least one of a sucrose fatty acid ester and a sorbitan fatty acid ester, and the content of the surfactant (B') is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A) and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C). Hereinafter, the aqueous dispersion according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be referred to as "aqueous dispersion 1," and the aqueous dispersion according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be referred to as "aqueous dispersion 2," and these will be collectively referred to as "aqueous dispersions of the present invention."

[0037] [Mechanism] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention comprises a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B) or a specific surfactant (B'), and a wax component (C), wherein the content of the nonionic surfactant (B) or the specific surfactant (B') is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A), and the content of the nonionic surfactant (B) or the specific surfactant (B') is 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C), and thereby the aqueous dispersion has excellent stability as an aqueous dispersion, water- and oil-resistance when formed into a film, and also excellent heat-sealability.

[0038] Although the mechanism by which the aqueous dispersion of the present invention achieves the above-mentioned properties is not clear, it is important that both the nonionic surfactant (B) or the specific surfactant (B') and the wax component (C) are contained, and that the nonionic surfactant (B) or the specific surfactant (B') is contained in a certain amount or more relative to the wax component (C), which is thought to be the reason why an appropriate mixing and phase separation state is achieved when mixed with the binder resin (A), and as a result, high water and oil resistance can be obtained when the dispersion of the present invention is formed into a membrane.Furthermore, it is thought that by keeping the composition ratio of the binder resin (A) to the nonionic surfactant (B) or the specific surfactant (B') within a certain range, the above-mentioned appropriate phase separation state is also achieved on the membrane surface when the dispersion of the present invention is formed into a membrane, and this allows excellent heat sealing properties to be obtained.

[0039] [Binder Resin (A)] The binder resin (A) (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "component (A)") used in the present invention is preferably at least one of synthetic resins such as chain polymerization resins and polycondensation resins, and natural resins.

[0040] Examples of chain polymerization resins include (meth)acrylic resins, styrene resins, vinyl resins, polyester resins, amino resins, epoxy resins, urethane resins, polyether resins, polyamide resins, phenolic resins, silicone resins, olefin resins, and copolymers containing monomers of these resins (e.g., styrene-(meth)acrylic resins, (meth)acrylic-urethane resins, vinyl acetate-(meth)acrylic resins, ethylene-(meth)acrylic resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate resins, (meth)acrylic-silicone resins, etc.). Here, "(meth)acrylic" means either or both of "acrylic" and "methacrylic." Examples of polycondensation resins include polyamide resins, polyester resins, and polycarbonate resins. Preferred natural resins are at least any of starch, rosin, and terpene resins.

[0041] Among these, from the viewpoint of imparting water and oil resistance and heat sealability, (meth)acrylic resins, styrene resins, vinyl resins, polyester resins, olefin resins, and copolymers containing monomers of these resins are preferred, and (meth)acrylic resins and copolymers thereof, and polyester resins and copolymers thereof are more preferred.

[0042] Specific examples of (meth)acrylic resins include "Tocryl BCX-8111", "Tocryl W-168", "Tocryl X-4403", "Tocryl W-463", "Tocryl BCX-1160 R-2", "Tocryl BCX-8104", "Tocryl X-4402", and "FILLHARMO NS215" (all manufactured by Toyochem Co., Ltd.), "PE-1126", "JE-1056", "JE-1113", "KE-1148", "M-141", and "PE-2273" (all manufactured by Seiko PMC Corporation), "3401MA", "MT404-8", "3MF-320", "3MF-333", "SE-1658F", and "SE-2978F" (all manufactured by Taisei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.), "Aquabrid 46777", and "Aquabrid UX-100," "Aquabrid UX-110" (all manufactured by Daicel Miraize Co., Ltd.), "Boncoat AB-782-E," "Boncoat AC-501," "Boncoat R-3380-E" (all manufactured by DIC Corporation), "Mowinyl 727," "Mowinyl 6520," and "Mowinyl 743N" (all manufactured by Japan Coating Resins Co., Ltd.).

[0043] Specific examples of styrene resins include "Boncoat SK-105E" (both manufactured by DIC Corporation).

[0044] Examples of vinyl resins include vinyl acetate resins, vinyl alcohol resins, and vinyl chloride resins. Specific examples of vinyl acetate resins include "Polysol S-5J," "Polysol AX-590W," "Polysol AX-751," "Polysol AX-428J," "Polysol AX-510ZL," "Polysol AX-951," "Polysol BX-7057Z," and "Polysol AM-200" (all manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.).

[0045] Specific examples of vinyl alcohol resins include "Gohsenol N-300," "Gohsenol NL-05," "Gohsenol AL-06R," "Gohsenol GH-22," "Gohsenol GH-20R," "Gohsenol GH-17R," "Gohsenol GM-14R," "Gohsenol GL-05," "Gohsenol GL-03," "Gohsenol KH-20," "Gohsenol KH-17," "Gohsenol KL-17," "Gohsenol KL-05," "Gohsenol KL-03," "Gohsenol NK-05R," "Gohsenex Z-100," "Gohsenex Z-200," "Gohsenex Z-300," "Gohsenex Z-410," "Gohsenex K-434," "Gohsenex L-3266," and "Gohsenex Examples of such a polymer include "CKS-50," "GOHSENX T-330H," "GOHSENX T-350," "GOHSENX LW-100," "GOHSENX LW-200," and "GOHSENX WO-320N" (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), "EXCEVAL RS-4104," "EXCEVAL RS-2117," "EXCEVAL RS-2817," "EXCEVAL RS-1113," "EXCEVAL RS-1713," "EXCEVAL RS-1717," and "EXCEVAL HR-3010" (all manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.).

[0046] Specific examples of vinyl chloride resins include "Viniblan 985," "Viniblan HD-057," and "Viniblan 871-8" (all manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).

[0047] Specific examples of polyester resins include "NICHIGO POLYESTER WR-901," "NICHIGO POLYESTER WR-905," "NICHIGO POLYESTER WR-961," and "NICHIGO POLYESTER W-1031" (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), "Vylonal MD-1200," "Vylonal MD-1500," "Vylonal MD-2000," "Vylonal MD-1480," and "Vylonal MD-1985" (all manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd.), and "Sepolsion ES" (all manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd.).

[0048] Specific examples of amino resins include "BECKOPOX EH 613w / 80WA" and "BECKOPOX VEH 2106w / 80WA" (both manufactured by Daicel Allnex Co., Ltd.).

[0049] Specific examples of epoxy resins include "BECKOPOX EP 2307w / 45WAMP," "BECKOPOX EP 2384w / 57WA," and "BECKOPOX EM 2120w / 45WA" (manufactured by Daicel Allnex Co., Ltd.), and "ADEKA RESIN EM Series" (manufactured by ADEKA Corporation).

[0050] Specific examples of urethane resins include "WBR-016U" and "WBR-3004" (all manufactured by Taisei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.), "DAOTAN VTW 1265 / 36WA", "DAOTAN VTW 6450 / 30WA", "DAOTAN VTW 6492 / 35WA", and "DAOTAN VTW 7001 / 36WA" (all manufactured by Daicel-Allnex Corporation), and "HYDRAN HW-171" and "HYDRAN HW-350" (all manufactured by DIC Corporation).

[0051] Specific examples of polyether resins include "SN Thickener 601," "Nopal 710N," "SN Thickener A-801," and "SN Thickener A-816" (all manufactured by San Nopco Ltd.).

[0052] The polyether resin may be a urethane-modified polyether resin, and specific examples thereof include "SN Thickener 603," "SN Thickener 607," "SN Thickener 612," "SN Thickener 612N," "SN Thickener 619," "SN Thickener 621N," "SN Thickener 621TF," "SN Thickener 623N," "SN Thickener 624N," "SN Thickener 625N," "SN Thickener 629N," "Nopal 700N," and "SN Thickener A-814" (all manufactured by San Nopco Ltd.).

[0053] Specific examples of polyamide resins include "Sepolsion NE205" and "Sepolsion PA" (both manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd.), "AQ Nylon A-90", "AQ Nylon P-70", "AQ Nylon P-95", and "AQ Nylon T-70" (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.).

[0054] Specific examples of silicone resins include "DOWSIL 8024," "DOWSIL SH 7024," and "DOWSIL SH 7025 EX" (all manufactured by Dow Corporation).

[0055] Specific examples of olefin resins include "AQUACER 532," "AQUACER 513," "AQUACER 517," "AQUACER 552," "AQUACER 593," "AQUACER 1547," and "AQUACER 2500" (all manufactured by BYK Corporation), "Sepolsion G" (all manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd.), "Arrowbase SB-1200," "Arrowbase SE-1200," "Arrowbase SD-1200," "Arrowbase DA-1010," "Arrowbase DC-1010," and "Arrowbase YA-6010" (all manufactured by Unitika Ltd.).

[0056] Specific examples of styrene-(meth)acrylic resins include "Tocryl S-171," "Tocryl BCX-3101," "Tocryl W-172," "FILLHARMO GS400," and "FILLHARMO GS500" (all manufactured by Toyochem Co., Ltd.), "Polysol TI-3052," and "Polysol AM-610" (all manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.), "TE-1048," "PE-1304," "HE-1335," "RE-1075," and "NE-2260" (all manufactured by Seiko PMC Corporation), and "Mowinyl 752," "Mowinyl 972," and "Mowinyl 6720" (all manufactured by Japan Coating Resins Co., Ltd.).

[0057] Specific examples of the (meth)acrylic-urethane resin include "3DR-9057", "3DR-1000", "WEM-200U", "WEM-3000", and "WEM-505C" (all manufactured by Taisei Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.).

[0058] Specific examples of vinyl acetate-(meth)acrylic resins include "Polysol 747L" (both manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.), "Vinyblan A68J1", "Vinyblan A68J1N", and "Vinyblan A70J2M" (all manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.).

[0059] Specific examples of ethylene-(meth)acrylic resins include "AQUATEX AC-3100" (both manufactured by Japan Coating Resins Co., Ltd.), "AQUACER 1061" and "AQUACER 1055" (both manufactured by BYK).

[0060] Specific examples of ethylene-vinyl acetate resins include "Polysol AM-3000," "Polysol EVA AD-21," "Polysol EVA AD-5," "Polysol EVA AD-56," "Polysol HG-600H," "Polysol EVA ADE-107," and "Polysol EVA M-260F" (all manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.), "Aquatex EC-1200," "Aquatex EC-1700," and "Aquatex EC-1800" (all manufactured by Japan Coating Resins Co., Ltd.), "Sepolsion VA406" (all manufactured by Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd.), "Vinyblan 3483Y" (all manufactured by Nissin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), "Sumikaflex S-201HQ," "Sumikaflex S-305HQ," "Sumikaflex S-465HQ," and "Sumikaflex S-752" (both manufactured by Sumitomo Chemtex Co., Ltd.).

[0061] Specific examples of the (meth)acrylic-silicone resin include "Polysol AP-3900" (both manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.), "Aquabrid ASi-91" and "Aquabrid 4790" (both manufactured by Daicel Miraize Co., Ltd.), "Mowinyl LDM7523", "Mowinyl 7110" and "Mowinyl HS-531" (all manufactured by Japan Coating Resins Co., Ltd.).

[0062] These binder resins (A) may be used alone or in combination of two or more of the same or different binder resins (A).

[0063] [Nonionic Surfactant (B) / Surfactant (B')] The surfactant (B) used in the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "Component (B)") is a nonionic surfactant in Aqueous Dispersion 1, and is at least one surfactant selected from the group consisting of sucrose fatty acid esters and sorbitan fatty acid esters in Aqueous Dispersion 2 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "Specific Surfactant (B')" or simply "Component (B')"). While known nonionic surfactants can be used as the nonionic surfactant, at least one selected from polyol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, and polyoxyethylene alkylamines is preferred in terms of improving water dispersibility, film-forming properties, and the water and oil resistance of the coating film. Here, the polyol fatty acid ester is preferably at least one selected from sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, glycerin fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, and polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters. In terms of improving water dispersibility, film-forming properties, and water and oil resistance of the coating film, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, and glycerin fatty acid esters are preferred, and sucrose fatty acid esters and sorbitan fatty acid esters are more preferred, with sucrose fatty acid esters being particularly preferred.

[0064] As the sucrose fatty acid ester, any known general sucrose fatty acid ester can be used, as long as at least one of the eight hydroxyl groups of sucrose forms an ester structure with a fatty acid.

[0065] For example, sucrose fatty acid esters can be used in which the structural moiety derived from a fatty acid is derived from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically, a structural moiety derived from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, or erucic acid. Depending on the intended use of the sucrose fatty acid ester, the structural moiety derived from the fatty acid may be selected from those having a structural moiety derived from only one type of fatty acid, and those having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid obtained by combining two or more types of fatty acids in a specific ratio.

[0066] Specific examples of sucrose fatty acid esters include "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-370," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-570," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-970," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-1170," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-1570," "Ryoto Sugar Ester S-1670," "Ryoto Sugar Ester P-170," "Ryoto Sugar Ester P-1670," "Ryoto Sugar Ester M-1695," "Ryoto Sugar Ester O-170," and "Ryoto Sugar Ester Examples of suitable sucrose fatty acid esters include "Ryoto Sugar Ester O-1570," "Ryoto Sugar Ester L-195," "Ryoto Sugar Ester L-595," "Ryoto Sugar Ester L-1695," "Ryoto Sugar Ester B-370," "Ryoto Sugar Ester ER-190," and "Ryoto Sugar Ester POS-135" (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and "DK Ester F-160," "DK Ester F-140," "DK Ester F-110," "DK Ester F-70," and "DK Ester F-50" (all manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.). Among these, the use of sucrose fatty acid esters that are solid at 0°C or higher is preferred, as this broadens the range of application of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention industrially. These sucrose fatty acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0067] As the sorbitan fatty acid ester, a known general sorbitan fatty acid ester can be used, and it is sufficient that at least one of the four hydroxyl groups of sorbitan forms an ester structure with a fatty acid.

[0068] For example, sorbitan fatty acid esters can be used in which the structural moiety derived from a fatty acid is derived from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically, a structural moiety derived from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, or erucic acid. Depending on the intended use of the sorbitan fatty acid ester, the structural moiety derived from the fatty acid may be selected from those having a structural moiety derived from only one type of fatty acid, and those having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid obtained by combining two or more types of fatty acids in a specific ratio.

[0069] Specific examples of sorbitan fatty acid esters include "RHEODOL SP-L10," "RHEODOL SP-P10," "RHEODOL SP-S10V," "RHEODOL SP-S20," "RHEODOL SP-S30V," "RHEODOL SP-O10V," "RHEODOL SP-O30V," "RHEODOL SP-L10," "RHEODOL AS-10V," "RHEODOL AO-10V," "RHEODOL AS-15V," "Emersol L-10V," "Emersol P-10V," "Emersol S-10V," "Emersol O-10V," "Emersol L-120V," "Emersol O-120V," "Emersol S-120V," "RHEODOL TW-L120," "RHEODOL TW-L106," "RHEODOL TW-P120," "RHEODOL TW-S120V," and "RHEODOL TW-S106V, RHEODOR TW-S320V, RHEODOR TW-O120V, RHEODOR TW-O106V, RHEODOR TW-O320V, RHEODOR TW-IS399C, RHEODOR Super TW-L120 (all manufactured by Kao Corporation), Rikemal L-250A, Rikemal S-300W, Rikemal OV-250, Rikemal OR-85, Rikemal B-150, Poem S-60V, Poem S-65V, Poem O-80V, Poem C-250 (all manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.), Sorbon S-10E, Sorbon S-20, Sorbon S-40, Sorbon S-60, Sorbon S-80, Sorbon Examples of suitable sorbitan fatty acid esters include "Nonion S-85" (manufactured by Toho Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), "Nonion CP-08R", "Nonion LP-20R", "Nonion PP-40R Pellets", "Nonion SP-60R Pellets", "Nonion OP-80R", "Nonion OP-83RAT", and "Nonion OP-85R" (manufactured by NOF Corporation). Among these, the use of a sorbitan fatty acid ester that is solid at 0°C or higher is preferred, as this broadens the range of application from the viewpoint of industrial use of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention. These sorbitan fatty acid esters may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0070] As the glycerin fatty acid ester, a known general glycerin fatty acid ester can be used, as long as at least one of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerin forms an ester structure with a fatty acid.

[0071] For example, a glycerin fatty acid ester can be used in which the structural moiety derived from a fatty acid is derived from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically a structural moiety derived from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, or erucic acid. Depending on the intended use of the glycerin fatty acid ester, the structural moiety derived from the fatty acid can be selected from those having a structural moiety derived from only one type of fatty acid, and those having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid obtained by combining two or more types of fatty acids in a specific ratio.

[0072] The glycerin fatty acid ester may be a glycerin organic acid fatty acid ester (or an organic acid monoglyceride) or a polyglycerin fatty acid ester. A glycerin organic acid fatty acid ester is a monoglyceride in which one fatty acid is bonded to glycerin, and an organic acid (e.g., acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or diacetyltartaric acid) is further bonded to the hydroxyl group of the monoglyceride. The polyglycerin fatty acid ester has an average degree of polymerization of glycerin of, for example, 2 to 10, and may contain one or more types of fatty acid residues.

[0073] Specific examples of glycerin fatty acid esters include "RHEODOL MS-50," "RHEODOL MS-60," "RHEODOL MO-60," "RHEODOL MS-165V," "EXCEL S-95," "EXCEL VS-95," "EXCEL O-95R," "EXCEL O-95N," "EXCEL 200," "EXCEL 122V," "EXCEL P-40S," "EXCEL 84," "STEP SS," "HOMOTEX PT," and "EXCEPARL G-MB" (all manufactured by Kao Corporation), "RIQUEMAL S-100," "RIQUEMAL S-100P," "RIQUEMAL S-100A," "RIQUEMAL H-100," "POEM V-100," "POEM PV-100," "RIQUEMAL B-100," "RIQUEMAL HC-100," and "RIQUEMAL OL-100(E)", "Poem M-100", "Poem M-200", "Poem M-300", "Rikemar S-200", "Rikemar HS-200K", "Poem V-200", "Poem P-200", "Poem B-200", "Poem OL-200VM", "Poem B-10", "Poem B-30", "Poem K-30", "Poem W-60", "BIOCIZER", "Rikemar PL-004", "Poem G-002", "Poem J-4081V", "Poem PR-100", "Poem PR-300", "Rikemar L-71-D", "Rikemar S-71-D", "Rikemar O-71-D(E), Poem DL-100, Poem DM-100, Poem DS-100A, Poem DO-100V, Poem J-4081V, Poem PR-100, Poem PR-300 (all manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.), Ryoto Polyglycerol CA-F4, Ryoto Polyglycerol L-10D, Ryoto Polyglycerol L-7D, Ryoto Polyglycerol M-10D, Ryoto Polyglycerol M-7D, Ryoto Polyglycerol O-50D, Ryoto Polyglycerol O-50D, Ryoto Polyglycerol B-100D, Ryoto Polyglycerol B-70D (all manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and SY Glyster DAS-7S", "SY Glister TS-5S","SY Glister PS-5S", "SY Glister MS-3S", "SY Glister TS-3S", "SY Glister PS-3S", "SY Glister DAO-7S", "SY Glister PO-5S", "SY Glister MO-3S", "SY Glister PO-3S", "SY Glister MCA-150", "SY Glister HB-750", "SY Glister DDB-750", "SY Glister OE-750", "SY Glister CV-1L", "SY Glister CV-23", "SY Glister THL-15", "SY Glister THL-17", "SY Glister THL-44", "SY Glister THL-50", "SY Glister THL-55", "SY Glister GP-120", "SY Glister GP-170", "SY Glister GP-450," "SY Glyster CR-350H," "SY Glyster CR-310," "SY Glyster CR-500," "SY Glyster CR-ED," "SY Glyster CRS-75" (all manufactured by Sakamoto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), "SANSOFT Q-123H-C," "SANSOFT A-143E-C," "SANSOFT A-173E-C," "SANSOFT A-186E-C," "SANSOFT Q-175S-C," "SANSOFT Q-185S-C" (all manufactured by Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd.), "MONOGLY D," "MONOGLY MB," "MONOGLY M-14," "MONOGLY H," "UNIGLY GL-106," "UNIGLY GS-106," "UNIGLY GO-102R," "UNIGLY GO-106" (all manufactured by NOF Corporation), "PGLE ML10," "PGLAL" ML04" (all manufactured by Daicel Corporation). Among these, the use of a glycerin fatty acid ester that is solid at 0°C or higher is preferred, as this broadens the range of application of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention from the viewpoint of industrial use. These glycerin fatty acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0074] As the propylene glycol fatty acid ester, a known general propylene glycol fatty acid ester can be used, and it is sufficient that one of the two hydroxyl groups of propylene glycol forms an ester structure with a fatty acid.

[0075] For example, a propylene glycol fatty acid ester can be used in which the structural moiety derived from a fatty acid is a structural moiety derived from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically a structural moiety derived from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, or erucic acid.

[0076] Specific examples of propylene glycol fatty acid esters include "Kaohomotex PS-200V" (manufactured by Kao Corporation), "Type BP," "Rikemal PP-100," "Rikemal PS-100," "Rikemal PO-100V," and "Rikemal PB-100" (all manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.). Among these, the use of propylene glycol fatty acid esters that are solid at temperatures of 0°C or higher is preferred, as this broadens the range of application from the viewpoint of industrial use of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention. These propylene glycol fatty acid esters may be used alone or in combination of two or more types.

[0077] As the polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, any known general polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester can be used, as long as one of the two hydroxyl groups of the polyethylene glycol forms an ester structure with a fatty acid.

[0078] For example, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters can be used in which the structural moiety derived from a fatty acid is a structural moiety derived from a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically a structural moiety derived from lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, or erucic acid.

[0079] Specific examples of polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters include "Nonion L-2," "Nonion S-2," "Nonion S-4," "Nonion S-6," "Nonion O-2," and "Nonion O-4" (all manufactured by NOF Corporation), and "Leofat O / 15" and "Leofat 60 / 15" (all manufactured by Lion Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.). Among these, the use of polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters that are solid at 0°C or higher is preferred, as this broadens the range of application from the viewpoint of industrial use of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention. These polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.

[0080] As the polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, any known general polyoxyethylene alkyl ether can be used, provided that one of the two hydroxyl groups of the polyethylene glycol forms an ether structure with an aliphatic alcohol.

[0081] For example, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers can be used in which the structural moiety derived from an aliphatic alcohol is a structural moiety derived from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol having 10 to 30 carbon atoms (preferably 12 to 28 carbon atoms, more preferably 12 to 22 carbon atoms), specifically a structural moiety derived from lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, palmityl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, or erucyl alcohol.

[0082] Specific examples of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers include "EMULGEN 102KG," "EMULGEN 103," "EMULGEN 306P," and "EMULGEN 404" (all manufactured by Kao Corporation), "NONION K-204," "NONION K-220," "NONION P-208," "NONION E-202," "NONION E-205," "NONION E-212," "NONION S-202," and "NONION MN-811" (all manufactured by NOF Corporation), "Paionin D-1103-D," "Paionin D-1103-S," "Newkalgen D-1203," "Paionin D-1803," "Paionin D-1402," and "Paionin D-1502" (all manufactured by Takemoto Yushi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.). Among these, it is preferable to use polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers that are solid at temperatures of 0° C. or higher, since this widens the range of application of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention from the viewpoint of industrial use. These polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.

[0083] As the polyoxyethylene alkylamine, a known general polyoxyethylene alkylamine can be used, for example, a polyoxyethylene alkylamine represented by the general formula R—N—[(CH ２ CH ２ O) ｍ -H] ２ (R is a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and the two m's may be the same or different).

[0084] Specific examples of polyoxyethylene alkylamines include "Amit 102," "Amit 302," and "Aminone L-02" (all manufactured by Kao Corporation), "Stahome FK," "Stahome F," "Stahome T," "Stahome DL," "Stahome DF-1," "Stahome DF-2," "Stahome DF-4," "Stahome DFC," "Stahome DO," "Stahome DOS," "Stahome MF Pellet," "Stahome LIPA," "Nymid MF-203," "Nymid MF-210," and "Nymid MT-215" (all manufactured by NOF Corporation), "Liponol C / 12," "Liponol C / 15," "Liponol C / 25," "Liponol O / 12," "Liponol O / 15," "Liponol T / 12," "Liponol T / 15," "Liponol T / 25," "Liponol HT / 12," and "Liponol HT / 14" (both manufactured by Lion Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.). Among these, the use of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers that are solid at temperatures of 0°C or higher is preferred, as this broadens the range of application of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention from the viewpoint of industrial use. These polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0085] The HLB value of the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') used in the present invention is preferably 9 or less, more preferably 7 or less, and even more preferably 6 or less. When such an HLB value is not too high, the coating film formed tends to have excellent water resistance. On the other hand, the lower limit of the HLB value of the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') is preferably 1 or more from the viewpoint of improving oil resistance. The HLB value can also be adjusted to fall within the above-mentioned preferred range by mixing two or more types of nonionic surfactants, one with a high HLB value and one with a low HLB value.

[0086] As described above, the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') of the present invention preferably has a melting point of 0°C or higher, which allows for a broader range of application in terms of industrial use of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention and facilitates improved water and oil resistance when formed into a film. The melting point of the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') is more preferably 5°C or higher, even more preferably 10°C or higher, particularly preferably 15°C or higher, even more preferably 25°C or higher, and most preferably 40°C or higher. From the viewpoint of considering the processing temperature and decomposition temperature, the melting point of the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') is preferably 200°C or lower, more preferably 150°C or lower, even more preferably 100°C or lower, particularly preferably 85°C or lower, and most preferably 70°C or lower.

[0087] These nonionic surfactants (B) or surfactants (B') may be used alone or in combination of the same or different types of surfactants.

[0088] [Wax (C)] The wax (C) used in the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "component (C)") is solid at room temperature (23°C in the present invention) and becomes liquid when heated, and is distinguished from liquid paraffin, which is liquid at room temperature. The melting point of wax component (C) is usually above room temperature, preferably above 40°C, and more preferably above 60°C. On the other hand, it is usually below 200°C, preferably below 150°C, more preferably below 100°C, and particularly preferably below 90°C. If the melting point is high, the resulting coating film is less likely to become sticky, and the oil resistance targeted in the present invention is more easily achieved. On the other hand, if the melting point is low, the coating tends to have excellent dispersibility in water.

[0089] Examples of such wax (C) include hydrocarbon waxes such as solid paraffin, microcrystalline wax, ceresin wax, polyethylene wax, and polypropylene wax, hardened oils such as hydrogenated castor oil and hydrogenated jojoba oil, natural waxes containing fatty acid ester compounds as the main component such as carnauba wax, rice bran wax, beeswax, montan wax, and candelilla wax, and synthetic waxes such as synthetic fatty acid esters and synthetic fatty acid amides. Among these, fatty acid ester compounds having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid and a structural moiety derived from a fatty alcohol are preferred.

[0090] The number of carbon atoms in the structural moiety derived from the fatty acid is usually 10 to 40, preferably 12 to 38, more preferably 14 to 36, and particularly preferably 16 to 34. When the number of carbon atoms is large, the water- and oil-resistance tends to be excellent when the aqueous dispersion is coated on a substrate, and when the number of carbon atoms is small, the dispersibility in water tends to be excellent. Examples of the fatty acids include lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecylic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eleostearic acid, arachidic acid, eicosaedic acid, mead acid, arachidonic acid, behenic acid, tricosylic acid, lignoceric acid, nervonic acid, pentacosanoic acid, cerotic acid, heptacosanoic acid, montanic acid, nonacosanoic acid, melissic acid, hentriacontanoic acid, dotriacontanoic acid, tritriacontanoic acid, tetratriacontanoic acid, pentatriacontanoic acid, hexatriacontanoic acid, heptatriacontanoic acid, octatriacontanoic acid, nonatriacontanoic acid, and tetracontanoic acid.

[0091] The number of carbon atoms in the structural moiety derived from the aliphatic alcohol is usually 12 to 40, preferably 14 to 38, more preferably 16 to 36, and particularly preferably 18 to 34. When the number of carbon atoms is large, the wax tends to have excellent water and oil resistance when the aqueous dispersion is coated on a substrate, whereas when the number of carbon atoms is small, the wax tends to have excellent dispersibility in water.

[0092] Examples of the aliphatic alcohols include lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, pentadecyl alcohol, 1-hexadecanol, palmitoleyl alcohol, 1-heptadecanol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, elaidolinoleyl alcohol, ricinoleyl alcohol, nonadecyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, heneicosanol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, and lignoceryl alcohol. Examples of the alcohol include stearyl alcohol, ceryl alcohol, 1-heptacosanol, montanyl alcohol, 1-nonacosanol, myricyl alcohol, 1-dotriacontanol, and 1-tetratriacontanol, and preferred are stearyl alcohol, nonadecyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, heneicosanol, behenyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol, ceryl alcohol, 1-heptacosanol, montanyl alcohol, 1-nonacosanol, myricyl alcohol, 1-dotriacontanol, and 1-tetratriacontanol.

[0093] The ester compound having a structural moiety derived from a fatty acid and a structural moiety derived from an aliphatic alcohol may be a reaction product of the fatty acid and the aliphatic alcohol.

[0094] Examples of ester compounds having a structural portion derived from a fatty acid and a structural portion derived from an aliphatic alcohol include lauric acids such as lauryl laurate, tridecyl laurate, myristyl laurate, pentadecyl laurate, hexadecan-1-yl laurate, palmitoleyl laurate, heptadecan-1-yl laurate, stearyl laurate, isostearyl laurate, elaidyl laurate, oleyl laurate, linoleyl laurate, elaidolinoleyl laurate, ricinoleyl laurate, nonadecyl laurate, arachidyl laurate, heneicosane laurate, behenyl laurate, erucyl laurate, lignoceryl laurate, seryl laurate, heptacosan-1-yl laurate, montanyl laurate, nonacosan-1-yl laurate, myricyl laurate, dotriacontan-1-yl laurate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl laurate; Lauryl myristate, tridecyl myristate, myristyl myristate, pentadecyl myristate, hexadecan-1-yl myristate, palmitoleyl myristate, heptadecan-1-yl myristate, stearyl myristate, isostearyl myristate, elaidyl myristate, oleyl myristate, linoleyl myristate, elaidolinoleyl myristate, ricinoleyl myristate, myristate myristic acids such as nonadecyl myristate, arachidyl myristate, heneicosane myristate, behenyl myristate, erucyl myristate, lignoceryl myristate, seryl myristate, heptacosan-1-yl myristate, montanyl myristate, nonacosan-1-yl myristate, myricyl myristate, dotriacontan-1-yl myristate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl myristate;Lauryl pentadecylate, tridecyl pentadecylate, myristyl pentadecylate, pentadecyl pentadecylate, hexadecan-1-yl pentadecylate, palmitoleic pentadecylate, heptadecan-1-yl pentadecylate, stearyl pentadecylate, isostearyl pentadecylate, elaidyl pentadecylate, oleyl pentadecylate, linoleyl pentadecylate, elaidolinoleyl pentadecylate, ricinoleyl pentadecylate, pen Pentadecylic acids such as nonadecyl pentadecylate, arachidyl pentadecylate, heneicosane pentadecylate, behenyl pentadecylate, erucyl pentadecylate, lignoceryl pentadecylate, seryl pentadecylate, heptacosan-1-yl pentadecylate, montanyl pentadecylate, nonacosan-1-yl pentadecylate, myricyl pentadecylate, dotriacontan-1-yl pentadecylate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl pentadecylate; Lauryl palmitate, tridecyl palmitate, myristyl palmitate, pentadecyl palmitate, hexadecan-1-yl palmitate, palmitoleyl palmitate, heptadecan-1-yl palmitate, stearyl palmitate, isostearyl palmitate, elaidyl palmitate, oleyl palmitate, linoleyl palmitate, elaidyl palmitate, ricinoleyl palmitate, palmitic acid, palmitic acids such as nonadecyl palmitate, arachidyl palmitate, heneicosane palmitate, behenyl palmitate, erucyl palmitate, lignoceryl palmitate, seryl palmitate, heptacosan-1-yl palmitate, montanyl palmitate, nonacosan-1-yl palmitate, myricyl palmitate, dotriacontan-1-yl palmitate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl palmitate;Lauryl palmitoleate, tridecyl palmitoleate, myristyl palmitoleate, pentadecyl palmitoleate, hexadecan-1-yl palmitoleate, palmitoleic acid, heptadecan-1-yl palmitoleate, stearyl palmitoleate, isostearyl palmitoleate, elaidyl palmitoleate, oleyl palmitoleate, linoleyl palmitoleate, elaidolinoleyl palmitoleate, ricinoleyl palmitoleate, palmitoleic acid, Palmitoleic acids such as nonadecyl lumitoleate, arachidyl palmitoleate, heneicosane palmitoleate, behenyl palmitoleate, erucyl palmitoleate, lignoceryl palmitoleate, seryl palmitoleate, heptacosan-1-yl palmitoleate, montanyl palmitoleate, nonacosan-1-yl palmitoleate, myricyl palmitoleate, dotriacontan-1-yl palmitoleate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl palmitoleate; Margaric acids such as lauryl margarate, tridecyl margarate, myristyl margarate, pentadecyl margarate, hexadecan-1-yl margarate, palmitoleyl margarate, heptadecan-1-yl margarate, stearyl margarate, isostearyl margarate, elaidyl margarate, oleyl margarate, linoleyl margarate, elaidolinoleyl margarate, ricinoleyl margarate, nonadecyl margarate, arachidyl margarate, heneicosane margarate, behenyl margarate, erucyl margarate, lignoceryl margarate, seryl margarate, heptacosan-1-yl margarate, montanyl margarate, nonacosan-1-yl margarate, myricyl margarate, dotriacontan-1-yl margarate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl margarate;Stearic acids such as lauryl stearate, tridecyl stearate, myristyl stearate, pentadecyl stearate, hexadecan-1-yl stearate, palmitoleic stearate, heptadecane-1-yl stearate, stearyl stearate, isostearyl stearate, elaidyl stearate, oleyl stearate, linoleyl stearate, elaidolinoleyl stearate, ricinoleyl stearate, nonadecyl stearate, arachidyl stearate, heneicosane stearate, behenyl stearate, erucyl stearate, lignoceryl stearate, ceryl stearate, heptacosan-1-yl stearate, montanyl stearate, nonacosan-1-yl stearate, myricyl stearate, dotriacontan-1-yl stearate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl stearate; Oleic acids such as lauryl oleate, tridecyl oleate, myristyl oleate, pentadecyl oleate, hexadecan-1-yl oleate, palmitoleic oleate, heptadecan-1-yl oleate, stearyl oleate, isostearyl oleate, elaidyl oleate, oleyl oleate, linoleyl oleate, elaidolinoleyl oleate, ricinoleyl oleate, nonadecyl oleate, arachidyl oleate, heneicosane oleate, behenyl oleate, erucyl oleate, lignoceryl oleate, seryl oleate, heptacosan-1-yl oleate, montanyl oleate, nonacosan-1-yl oleate, myricyl oleate, dotriacontan-1-yl oleate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl oleate;Lauryl vaccenate, tridecyl vaccenate, myristyl vaccenate, pentadecyl vaccenate, hexadecan-1-yl vaccenate, palmitoleic vaccenate, heptadecan-1-yl vaccenate, stearyl vaccenate, isostearyl vaccenate, elaidyl vaccenate, oleyl vaccenate, linoleyl vaccenate, elaidolinoleyl vaccenate, ricinoleyl vaccenate, vaccenate vaccenic acids such as nonadecyl vaccenic acid, arachidyl vaccenic acid, heneicosane vaccenic acid, behenyl vaccenic acid, erucyl vaccenic acid, lignoceryl vaccenic acid, seryl vaccenic acid, heptacosan-1-yl vaccenic acid, montanyl vaccenic acid, nonacosan-1-yl vaccenic acid, myricyl vaccenic acid, dotriacontan-1-yl vaccenic acid, and tetratriacontan-1-yl vaccenic acid; Linoleic acids such as lauryl linoleate, tridecyl linoleate, myristyl linoleate, pentadecyl linoleate, hexadecan-1-yl linoleate, palmitoleic linoleate, heptadecan-1-yl linoleate, stearyl linoleate, isostearyl linoleate, elaidyl linoleate, oleyl linoleate, linoleyl linoleate, elaidolinoleyl linoleate, ricinoleyl linoleate, nonadecyl linoleate, arachidyl linoleate, heneicosane linoleate, behenyl linoleate, erucyl linoleate, lignoceryl linoleate, seryl linoleate, heptacosan-1-yl linoleate, montanyl linoleate, nonacosan-1-yl linoleate, myricyl linoleate, dotriacontan-1-yl linoleate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl linoleate;Lauryl linolenate, tridecyl linolenate, myristyl linolenate, pentadecyl linolenate, hexadecan-1-yl linolenate, palmitoleic linolenate, heptadecane-1-yl linolenate, stearyl linolenate, isostearyl linolenate, elaidyl linolenate, oleyl linolenate, linoleyl linolenate, elaidolinoleyl linolenate, ricinoleyl linolenate, linoleic acid Linolenic acids such as nonadecyl linolenate, arachidyl linolenate, heneicosane linolenate, behenyl linolenate, erucyl linolenate, lignoceryl linolenate, seryl linolenate, heptacosan-1-yl linolenate, montanyl linolenate, nonacosan-1-yl linolenate, myricyl linolenate, dotriacontan-1-yl linolenate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl linolenate; Lauryl eleostearate, tridecyl eleostearate, myristyl eleostearate, pentadecyl eleostearate, hexadecan-1-yl eleostearate, palmitoleic eleostearate, heptadecan-1-yl eleostearate, stearyl eleostearate, isostearyl eleostearate, elaidyl eleostearate, oleyl eleostearate, linoleyl eleostearate, elaidolinoleyl eleostearate, ricinoleyl eleostearate, eleostearate Eleostearic acids such as nonadecyl eleostearate, arachidyl eleostearate, heneicosane eleostearate, behenyl eleostearate, erucyl eleostearate, lignoceryl eleostearate, ceryl eleostearate, heptacosan-1-yl eleostearate, montanyl eleostearate, nonacosan-1-yl eleostearate, myricyl eleostearate, dotriacontan-1-yl eleostearate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl eleostearate;Lauryl arachidate, tridecyl arachidate, myristyl arachidate, pentadecyl arachidate, hexadecan-1-yl arachidate, palmitoleic arachidate, heptadecan-1-yl arachidate, stearyl arachidate, isostearyl arachidate, elaidyl arachidate, oleyl arachidate, linoleyl arachidate, elaidolinoleyl arachidate, ricinoleyl arachidate, arachidyl arachidic acids such as nonadecyl arachidate, arachidyl arachidate, heneicosane arachidate, behenyl arachidate, erucyl arachidate, lignoceryl arachidate, seryl arachidate, heptacosan-1-yl arachidate, montanyl arachidate, nonacosan-1-yl arachidate, myricyl arachidate, dotriacontan-1-yl arachidate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl arachidate; Lauryl eicosaedate, tridecyl eicosaedate, myristyl eicosaedate, pentadecyl eicosaedate, hexadecan-1-yl eicosaedate, palmitoleic eicosaedate, heptadecan-1-yl eicosaedate, stearyl eicosaedate, isostearyl eicosaedate, elaidyl eicosaedate, oleyl eicosaedate, linoleyl eicosaedate, elidelinoleyl eicosaedate, ricinoleyl eicosaedate, eicosaedic acids such as nonadecyl eicosaedic acid, arachidyl eicosaedic acid, heneicosane eicosaedic acid, behenyl eicosaedic acid, erucyl eicosaedic acid, lignoceryl eicosaedic acid, seryl eicosaedic acid, heptacosan-1-yl eicosaedic acid, montanyl eicosaedic acid, nonacosan-1-yl eicosaedic acid, myricyl eicosaedic acid, dotriacontan-1-yl eicosaedic acid, and tetratriacontan-1-yl eicosaedic acid;Mead acids such as lauryl meadate, tridecyl meadate, myristyl meadate, pentadecyl meadate, hexadecan-1-yl meadate, palmitoleic meadate, heptadecan-1-yl meadate, stearyl meadate, isostearyl meadate, elaidyl meadate, oleyl meadate, linoleyl meadate, elaidolinoleyl meadate, ricinoleyl meadate, nonadecyl meadate, arachidyl meadate, heneicosane meadate, behenyl meadate, erucyl meadate, lignoceryl meadate, seryl meadate, heptacosan-1-yl laurate, montanyl meadate, nonacosan-1-yl meadate, myricyl meadate, dotriacontan-1-yl meadate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl mead acid; Lauryl arachidonate, tridecyl arachidonate, myristyl arachidonate, pentadecyl arachidonate, hexadecan-1-yl arachidonate, palmitoleic arachidonate, heptadecan-1-yl arachidonate, stearyl arachidonate, isostearyl arachidonate, elaidyl arachidonate, oleyl arachidonate, linoleyl arachidonate, elaidolinoleyl arachidonate, ricinoleyl arachidonate, arachidonate arachidonic acids such as nonadecyl arachidonate, arachidonic acid arachidonic acid, heneicosane arachidonate, behenyl arachidonate, erucyl arachidonate, lignoceryl arachidonate, seryl arachidonate, heptacosan-1-yl arachidonate, montanyl arachidonate, nonacosan-1-yl arachidonate, myricyl arachidonate, dotriacontan-1-yl arachidonate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl arachidonate;Behenic acids such as lauryl behenate, tridecyl behenate, myristyl behenate, pentadecyl behenate, hexadecan-1-yl behenate, palmitoleic behenate, heptadecan-1-yl behenate, stearyl behenate, isostearyl behenate, elaidyl behenate, oleyl behenate, linoleyl behenate, elaidolinoleyl behenate, ricinoleyl behenate, nonadecyl behenate, arachidyl behenate, heneicosane behenate, behenyl behenate, erucyl behenate, lignoceryl behenate, seryl behenate, heptacosan-1-yl behenate, montanyl behenate, nonacosan-1-yl behenate, myricyl behenate, dotriacontan-1-yl behenate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl behenate; Lauryl tricosylate, tridecyl tricosylate, myristyl tricosylate, pentadecyl tricosylate, hexadecan-1-yl tricosylate, palmitoleyl tricosylate, heptadecan-1-yl tricosylate, stearyl tricosylate, isostearyl tricosylate, elaidyl tricosylate, oleyl tricosylate, linoleyl tricosylate, elaidolinoleyl tricosylate, ricinoleyl tricosylate, tri Tricosylate acids such as nonadecyl cosylate, arachidyl tricosylate, heneicosane tricosylate, behenyl tricosylate, erucyl tricosylate, lignoceryl tricosylate, seryl tricosylate, heptacosan-1-yl tricosylate, montanyl tricosylate, nonacosan-1-yl tricosylate, myricyl tricosylate, dotriacontan-1-yl tricosylate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl tricosylate;Lauryl lignocerate, Tridecyl lignocerate, Myristyl lignocerate, Pentadecyl lignocerate, Hexadecan-1-yl lignocerate, Palmitoleyl lignocerate, Heptadecane-1-yl lignocerate, Stearyl lignocerate, Isostearyl lignocerate, Elaidyl lignocerate, Oleyl lignocerate, Linoleyl lignocerate, Elidelinoleyl lignocerate, Ricinoleyl lignocerate, Lig Lignoceric acids such as nonadecyl lignocerate, arachidyl lignocerate, heneicosane lignocerate, behenyl lignocerate, erucyl lignocerate, lignoceryl lignocerate, seryl lignocerate, heptacosan-1-yl lignocerate, montanyl lignocerate, nonacosan-1-yl lignocerate, myricyl lignocerate, dotriacontan-1-yl lignocerate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl lignocerate; Nervonic acids such as lauryl nervonate, tridecyl nervonate, myristyl nervonate, pentadecyl nervonate, hexadecan-1-yl nervonate, palmitoleic nervonate, heptadecan-1-yl nervonate, stearyl nervonate, isostearyl nervonate, elaidyl nervonate, oleyl nervonate, linoleyl nervonate, elidelinoleyl nervonate, ricinoleyl nervonate, nonadecyl nervonate, arachidyl nervonate, heneicosane nervonate, behenyl nervonate, erucyl nervonate, lignoceryl arachidonate, seryl nervonate, heptacosan-1-yl nervonate, montanyl nervonate, nonacosan-1-yl nervonate, myricyl nervonate, dotriacontan-1-yl nervonate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl nervonate;Lauryl pentacosanoate, tridecyl pentacosanoate, myristyl pentacosanoate, pentadecyl pentacosanoate, hexadecan-1-yl pentacosanoate, palmitoleyl pentacosanoate, heptadecan-1-yl pentacosanoate, stearyl pentacosanoate, isostearyl pentacosanoate, elaidyl pentacosanoate, oleyl pentacosanoate, linoleyl pentacosanoate, elaidolinoleyl pentacosanoate, ricinoleyl pentacosanoate, pen Pentacosanoic acids such as nonadecyl pentacosanoate, arachidyl pentacosanoate, heneicosane pentacosanoate, behenyl pentacosanoate, erucyl pentacosanoate, lignoceryl pentacosanoate, seryl pentacosanoate, heptacosan-1-yl pentacosanoate, montanyl pentacosanoate, nonacosan-1-yl pentacosanoate, myricyl pentacosanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl pentacosanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl pentacosanoate; Lauryl cerotate, tridecyl cerotate, myristyl cerotate, pentadecyl cerotate, hexadecan-1-yl cerotate, palmitoleic cerotate, heptadecan-1-yl cerotate, stearyl cerotate, isostearyl cerotate, elaidyl cerotate, oleyl cerotate, linoleyl cerotate, elaidolinoleyl cerotate, ricinoleyl cerotate, cerotate cerotic acids such as nonadecyl cerotic acid, arachidyl cerotic acid, heneicosane cerotic acid, behenyl cerotic acid, erucyl cerotic acid, lignoceryl cerotic acid, seryl cerotic acid, heptacosan-1-yl cerotic acid, montanyl cerotic acid, nonacosan-1-yl cerotic acid, myricyl cerotic acid, dotriacontan-1-yl cerotic acid, and tetratriacontan-1-yl cerotic acid;Lauryl heptacosanoate, tridecyl heptacosanoate, myristyl heptacosanoate, pentadecyl heptacosanoate, hexadecan-1-yl heptacosanoate, palmitoleic heptacosanoate, heptadecan-1-yl heptacosanoate, stearyl heptacosanoate, isostearyl heptacosanoate, elaidyl heptacosanoate, oleyl heptacosanoate, linoleyl heptacosanoate, elaidyl heptacosanoate, ricinoleyl heptacosanoate, heptacosanoate heptacosanoic acids such as nonadecyl heptacosanoate, arachidyl heptacosanoate, heneicosane heptacosanoate, behenyl heptacosanoate, erucyl heptacosanoate, lignoceryl heptacosanoate, seryl heptacosanoate, 1-yl heptacosanoate heptacosanoate, montanyl heptacosanoate, 1-yl nonacosan heptacosanoate, myricyl heptacosanoate, 1-dotriacontanyl heptacosanoate, and 1-tetratriacontanyl heptacosanoate; Montanic acids such as lauryl montanate, tridecyl montanate, myristyl montanate, pentadecyl montanate, hexadecan-1-yl montanate, palmitoleyl montanate, heptadecan-1-yl montanate, stearyl montanate, isostearyl montanate, elaidyl montanate, oleyl montanate, linoleyl montanate, elaidolinoleyl montanate, ricinoleyl montanate, nonadecyl montanate, arachidyl montanate, heneicosane montanate, behenyl montanate, erucyl montanate, lignoceryl montanate, seryl montanate, heptacosan-1-yl montanate, montanyl montanate, nonacosan-1-yl montanate, myricyl montanate, dotriacontan-1-yl montanate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl montanate;Lauryl nonacosanoate, tridecyl nonacosanoate, myristyl nonacosanoate, pentadecyl nonacosanoate, hexadecan-1-yl nonacosanoate, palmitoleyl nonacosanoate, heptadecan-1-yl nonacosanoate, stearyl nonacosanoate, isostearyl nonacosanoate, elaidyl nonacosanoate, oleyl nonacosanoate, linoleyl nonacosanoate, elaidolinoleyl nonacosanoate, ricinoleyl nonacosanoate, nonacosanoic acid nonacosanoic acids such as nonadecyl nonacosanoate, arachidyl nonacosanoate, heneicosane nonacosanoate, behenyl nonacosanoate, erucyl nonacosanoate, lignoceryl nonacosanoate, seryl nonacosanoate, heptacosan-1-yl nonacosanoate, montanyl nonacosanoate, nonacosane-1-yl nonacosanoate, myricyl nonacosanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl nonacosanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl nonacosanoate; Melissinates such as lauryl melissinate, tridecyl melissinate, myristyl melissinate, pentadecyl melissinate, hexadecan-1-yl melissinate, palmitoleic melissinate, heptadecan-1-yl melissinate, stearyl melissinate, isostearyl melissinate, elaidyl melissinate, oleyl melissinate, linoleyl melissinate, elaidolinoleyl melissinate, ricinoleyl melissinate, nonadecyl melissinate, arachidyl melissinate, heneicosane melissinate, behenyl melissinate, erucyl melissinate, lignoceryl melissinate, seryl melissinate, heptacosan-1-yl melissinate, montanyl melissinate, nonacosan-1-yl melissinate, myricyl melissinate, dotriacontan-1-yl melissinate, tetratriacontan-1-yl melissinate;Lauryl hentriacontanoate, Tridecyl hentriacontanoate, Myristyl hentriacontanoate, Pentadecyl hentriacontanoate, Hexadecan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, Palmitoleic hentriacontanoate, Heptadecan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, Stearyl hentriacontanoate, Isostearyl hentriacontanoate, Elaidyl hentriacontanoate, Oleyl hentriacontanoate, Linoleyl hentriacontanoate, Elaidolinoleyl hentriacontanoate, Ricinoleyl hentriacontanoate, hentriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl triacontanoate, arachidyl hentriacontanoate, heneicosane hentriacontanoate, behenyl hentriacontanoate, erucyl hentriacontanoate, lignoceryl hentriacontanoate, seryl hentriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, montanyl hentriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, myricyl hentriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl hentriacontanoate; Lauryl dotriacontanoate, tridecyl dotriacontanoate, myristyl dotriacontanoate, pentadecyl dotriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, palmitoleyl dotriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, stearyl dotriacontanoate, isostearyl dotriacontanoate, elaidyl dotriacontanoate, oleyl dotriacontanoate, linoleyl dotriacontanoate, elaidyl dotriacontanoate, ricinoleyl dotriacontanoate, dotriacontanoate dotriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl dotriacontanoate, arachidyl dotriacontanoate, heneicosane dotriacontanoate, behenyl dotriacontanoate, erucyl dotriacontanoate, lignoceryl dotriacontanoate, seryl dotriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, montanyl dotriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, myricyl dotriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl dotriacontanoate;Lauryl tritriacontanoate, tridecyl tritriacontanoate, myristyl tritriacontanoate, pentadecyl tritriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, palmitoleic tritriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, stearyl tritriacontanoate, isostearyl tritriacontanoate, elaidyl tritriacontanoate, oleyl tritriacontanoate, linoleyl tritriacontanoate, elaidyl tritriacontanoate, oleyl tritriacontanoate, linoleyl tritriacontanoate, elaidolinoleyl tritriacontanoate, ricinoleyl tritriacontanoate, tri tritriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl tritriacontanoate, arachidyl tritriacontanoate, heneicosane tritriacontanoate, behenyl tritriacontanoate, erucyl tritriacontanoate, lignoceryl tritriacontanoate, seryl tritriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, montanyl tritriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, myricyl tritriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl tritriacontanoate;Lauryl tetratriacontanoate, tridecyl tetratriacontanoate, myristyl tetratriacontanoate, pentadecyl tetratriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate, palmitoleic tetratriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate, stearyl tetratriacontanoate, isostearyl tetratriacontanoate, elaidyl tetratriacontanoate, oleyl tetratriacontanoate, linoleyl tetratriacontanoate, elaidyl tetratriacontanoate, ricinoleyl tetratriacontanoate, tetratriacontanoate tetratriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl tetratriacontanoate, arachidyl tetratriacontanoate, heneicosane tetratriacontanoate, behenyl tetratriacontanoate, erucyl tetratriacontanoate, lignoceryl tetratriacontanoate, seryl tetratriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate, montanyl tetratriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate, myricyl tetratriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl tetratriacontanoate;Lauryl pentatriacontanoate, tridecyl pentatriacontanoate, myristyl pentatriacontanoate, pentadecyl pentatriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate, palmitoleic pentatriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate, stearyl pentatriacontanoate, isostearyl pentatriacontanoate, elaidyl pentatriacontanoate, oleyl pentatriacontanoate, linoleyl pentatriacontanoate, elaidolinoleyl pentatriacontanoate, ricinoleyl pentatriacontanoate, pen pentatriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl pentatriacontanoate, arachidyl pentatriacontanoate, heneicosane pentatriacontanoate, behenyl pentatriacontanoate, erucyl pentatriacontanoate, lignoceryl pentatriacontanoate, seryl pentatriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate, montanyl pentatriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate, myricyl pentatriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl pentatriacontanoate;Lauryl hexatriacontanoate, tridecyl hexatriacontanoate, myristyl hexatriacontanoate, pentadecyl hexatriacontanoate, 1-hexadecane-yl hexatriacontanoate, palmitoleic hexatriacontanoate, 1-heptadecane-yl hexatriacontanoate, stearyl hexatriacontanoate, isostearyl hexatriacontanoate, elaidyl hexatriacontanoate, oleyl hexatriacontanoate, linoleyl hexatriacontanoate, elaidyl hexatriacontanoate, ricinoleyl hexatriacontanoate, hexatriacontanoate Hexatriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl hexatriacontanoate, arachidyl hexatriacontanoate, heneicosane hexatriacontanoate, behenyl hexatriacontanoate, erucyl hexatriacontanoate, lignoceryl hexatriacontanoate, seryl hexatriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl hexatriacontanoate, montanyl hexatriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl hexatriacontanoate, myricyl hexatriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl hexatriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl hexatriacontanoate;Lauryl heptatriacontanoate, tridecyl heptatriacontanoate, myristyl heptatriacontanoate, pentadecyl heptatriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl heptatriacontanoate, palmitoleic heptatriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl heptatriacontanoate, stearyl heptatriacontanoate, isostearyl heptatriacontanoate, elaidyl heptatriacontanoate, oleyl heptatriacontanoate, linoleyl heptatriacontanoate, elidelinoleyl heptatriacontanoate, ricinoleyl heptatriacontanoate, heptatriacontanoate Heptatriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl heptatriacontanoate, arachidyl hexatriacontanoate, heneicosane heptatriacontanoate, behenyl heptatriacontanoate, erucyl heptatriacontanoate, lignoceryl heptatriacontanoate, seryl heptatriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl heptatriacontanoate, montanyl heptatriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl heptatriacontanoate, myricyl heptatriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl heptatriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl heptatriacontanoate;Lauryl octatriacontanoate, tridecyl octatriacontanoate, myristyl octatriacontanoate, pentadecyl octatriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl octatriacontanoate, palmitoleyl octatriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl octatriacontanoate, stearyl octatriacontanoate, isostearyl octatriacontanoate, elaidyl octatriacontanoate, oleyl octatriacontanoate, linoleyl octatriacontanoate, elidelinoleyl octatriacontanoate, ricinoleyl octatriacontanoate, octatriacontanoate octatriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl octatriacontanoate, arachidyl octatriacontanoate, heneicosane octatriacontanoate, behenyl octatriacontanoate, erucyl octatriacontanoate, lignoceryl octatriacontanoate, seryl octatriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl octatriacontanoate, montanyl octatriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl octatriacontanoate, myricyl octatriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl octatriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl octatriacontanoate;Lauryl nonatriacontanoate, tridecyl nonatriacontanoate, myristyl nonatriacontanoate, pentadecyl nonatriacontanoate, hexadecan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate, palmitoleic nonatriacontanoate, heptadecan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate, stearyl nonatriacontanoate, isostearyl nonatriacontanoate, elaidyl nonatriacontanoate, oleyl nonatriacontanoate, linoleyl nonatriacontanoate, elaidyl nonatriacontanoate, ricinoleyl nonatriacontanoate, nonatriacontanoate nonatriacontanoic acids such as nonadecyl triacontanoate, arachidyl nonatriacontanoate, heneicosane nonatriacontanoate, behenyl nonatriacontanoate, erucyl nonatriacontanoate, lignoceryl nonatriacontanoate, seryl nonatriacontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate, montanyl nonatriacontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate, myricyl nonatriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl nonatriacontanoate; Lauryl tetracontanoate, Tridecyl tetracontanoate, Myristyl tetracontanoate, Pentadecyl tetracontanoate, Hexadecan-1-yl tetracontanoate, Palmitoleyl tetracontanoate, Heptadecan-1-yl tetracontanoate, Stearyl tetracontanoate, Isostearyl tetracontanoate, Elaidyl tetracontanoate, Oleyl tetracontanoate, Linoleyl tetracontanoate, Elaidolinoleyl tetracontanoate, Ricinoleyl tetracontanoate, Tetracontanoate tetracontanoic acids such as nonadecyl tetracontanoate, arachidyl tetracontanoate, heneicosane tetracontanoate, behenyl tetracontanoate, erucyl tetracontanoate, lignoceryl tetracontanoate, seryl tetracontanoate, heptacosan-1-yl tetracontanoate, montanyl tetracontanoate, nonacosan-1-yl tetracontanoate, myricyl tetracontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl tetracontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl tetracontanoate;

[0095] Among these, palmitic acids, stearic acids, arachidic acids, behenic acids, tricosylic acids, lignoceric acids, pentacosanoic acids, cerotic acids, heptacosanoic acids, montanic acids, nonacosanoic acids, melissic acids, hentriacontanoic acids, dotriacontanoic acids, and tritriacontanoic acids are preferred, and particularly montanyl palmitate, myricyl palmitate, dotriacontan-1-yl palmitate, tetratriacontan-1-yl palmitate, stearyl stearate, montanyl stearate, myricyl stearate, and stearyl stearate are particularly preferred. Dotriacontan-1-yl phosphate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl stearate, Montanyl arachidate, Myricyl arachidate, Dotriacontan-1-yl arachidate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl arachidate, Behenyl behenate, Lignoceryl behenate, Seryl behenate, Montanyl behenate, Myricyl behenate, Dotriacontan-1-yl behenate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl behenate, Montanyl tricosylate, Myricyl tricosylate, Dotriacontan-1-yl tricosylate, Tetratriacontan-1 tricosylate -yl, Lignoceryl Lignocerate, Seryl Lignocerate, Montanyl Lignocerate, Myricyl Lignocerate, Dotriacontan-1-yl Lignocerate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl Lignocerate, Montanyl Pentacosanoate, Myricyl Pentacosanoate, Dotriacontan-1-yl Pentacosanoate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl Pentacosanoate, Montanyl Cerotinate, Myricyl Cerotinate, Dotriacontan-1-yl Cerotinate, Tetratriacontan-1-yl Cerotinate, Montanyl Heptacosanoate, Myricyl Heptacosanoate sil, dotriacontan-1-yl heptacosanoate, tetratriacontan-1-yl heptacosanoate, montanyl montanate, myricyl montanate, dotriacontan-1-yl montanate, tetratriacontan-1-yl montanate, montanyl nonacosanoate, myricyl nonacosanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl nonacosanoate, tetratriacontan-1-yl nonacosanoate, montanyl melissate, myricyl melissate, dotriacontan-1-yl melissate, tetratriacontan-1-yl melissate, montanyl heptacosanoate,Myricyl hentriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, tetratriacontan-1-yl hentriacontanoate, montanyl dotriacontanoate, myricyl dotriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, tetratriacontan-1-yl dotriacontanoate, montanyl tritriacontanoate, myricyl tritriacontanoate, dotriacontan-1-yl tritriacontanoate, and tetratriacontan-1-yl tritriacontanoate are preferred.

[0096] The number of carbon atoms in the ester compound is usually 22 to 80, preferably 26 to 76, more preferably 32 to 74, and particularly preferably 38 to 70. When the number of carbon atoms is large, the water and oil resistance tends to be excellent when the aqueous dispersion is coated on a substrate, whereas when the number of carbon atoms is small, the dispersibility of the wax in water tends to be excellent.

[0097] The wax component (C) may be used alone or in combination of two or more waxes of the same or different types. Alternatively, a mixture of multiple compounds may be used, such as a natural wax containing the fatty acid ester compound as the main component.

[0098] [Anionic Surfactant (D)] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention preferably further contains an anionic surfactant (D) (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as "component (D)") in addition to the above components (A) to (C).

[0099] As the anionic surfactant (D), a known general anionic surfactant may be used, for example, a fatty acid metal salt, a sulfonic acid metal salt, a sulfate ester salt, a phosphate metal salt, etc. Among these, a fatty acid metal salt is preferred in that it has high aqueous dispersion stability and can easily reduce the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion.

[0100] The carbon number of the fatty acid metal salt is preferably 6 to 30, and more preferably 10 to 28. When the carbon number of the fatty acid metal salt is large, the viscosity-reducing effect tends to be sufficient. On the other hand, when the carbon number is small, the metal salt tends to be easily available. The fatty acid may be linear or branched, and may contain a hydroxyl group.

[0101] As the metal salt, alkali metal salts are preferred, and sodium salts are particularly preferred.

[0102] Specific examples of fatty acid metal salts include sodium melissate, sodium montanate, sodium cerotate, sodium lignocerate, sodium behenate, sodium arachidate, sodium arachidonate, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, sodium oleate, sodium 12-hydroxystearate, sodium palmitate, sodium myristate, sodium laurate, sodium caprate, sodium octanoate, sodium hexanoate, etc. Among these fatty acid metal salts, sodium montanate, sodium behenate, sodium stearate, sodium 12-hydroxystearate, sodium oleate, and sodium laurate are preferred because they are more likely to exhibit their effects.

[0103] These anionic surfactants (D) may be used singly or in combination of two or more kinds in any ratio.

[0104] [Water] The water used in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention may be any water that does not react with the components in the aqueous dispersion to produce components that inhibit dispersion, such as water-insoluble matters, and examples thereof include hard water, soft water, ion-exchanged water, ultrapure water, etc. When the aqueous dispersion of the present invention contains an anionic surfactant (D), it is preferable to use neutral or basic water from the viewpoint of suppressing reaction with the anionic surfactant (D).

[0105] [Content of Each Component] The content of the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention must be 0.1 to 200 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A), and is preferably 0.5 to 150 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 120 parts by mass, particularly preferably 3 to 90 parts by mass, and most preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass. When the content of the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') relative to the binder resin (A) is low, the heat-sealing properties of the resulting coating film tend to be excellent, while when the content is high, the water- and oil-resistance of the resulting coating film tend to be excellent.

[0106] The content of the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') in the present invention must be 2 parts by mass or more relative to 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C), and is preferably 2 to 5,000 parts by mass, more preferably 20 to 4,500 parts by mass, even more preferably 100 to 4,000 parts by mass, and most preferably 200 to 1,500 parts by mass. A high content of the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') relative to the wax (C) results in excellent oil resistance and dispersion stability. On the other hand, a low content of the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') tends to result in excellent water and oil resistance.

[0107] The content of wax (C) in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 40 parts by mass, more preferably 0.3 to 30 parts by mass, and even more preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of binder resin (A). A low content of wax (C) relative to binder resin (A) tends to result in a small particle size and excellent dispersion stability, while a high content tends to result in excellent water and oil resistance of the resulting coating film.

[0108] When the aqueous dispersion of the present invention contains an anionic surfactant (D), the content of the anionic surfactant (D) is preferably 0.5 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 0.7 to 40 parts by mass, even more preferably 1 to 30 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the total of the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') and the anionic surfactant (D). A high content of the anionic surfactant (D) makes it easier to sufficiently improve the dispersibility of the nonionic surfactant (B) or surfactant (B') and the wax (C) in water. On the other hand, a low content of the anionic surfactant (D) tends to result in the aqueous dispersion having low viscosity and excellent fluidity.

[0109] In the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, the total content of the binder resin (A), the nonionic surfactant (B) or the surfactant (B'), and the wax component (C) relative to the components other than water is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more. By having a high total content of the binder resin (A), the nonionic surfactant (B) or the surfactant (B'), and the wax component (C), the effects of the present invention achieved by including these components can be effectively obtained.

[0110] [Pulp Fibers] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention may further contain pulp fibers. By including pulp fibers in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, entanglement with the pulp fibers is expected, thereby improving water and oil resistance. Pulp fibers for use in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention include, for example, wood-derived hardwood pulp or softwood pulp, or non-wood-derived straw pulp, bagasse pulp, kenaf pulp, and the like. Fiber diameters range from those defibrated to the nano-level to those on the order of several centimeters. Fiber lengths also range from nano-order to several centimeters. These pulp fibers may be used alone or in combination of two or more types in any ratio. When the aqueous dispersion of the present invention contains pulp fibers, the content of the pulp fibers is preferably 0.1 to 1,000 times by mass, and more preferably 1 to 100 times by mass, relative to the total amount of the binder resin (A), the nonionic surfactant (B) or the specific surfactant (B'), and the wax component (C). When the pulp fiber content is within these ranges, the above-mentioned effects of including pulp fiber tend to be effectively obtained.

[0111] In the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, a high water content is preferred because the aqueous dispersion tends to have low viscosity and excellent fluidity. On the other hand, a low water content is preferred because the aqueous dispersion tends to exhibit water- and oil-resistance and heat-sealability when coated on a substrate. From this perspective, the water content of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 40% by mass or more, and even more preferably 50% by mass or more, and is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 95% by mass or less, and even more preferably 90% by mass or less.

[0112] For the same reason, the solids concentration of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention (the total amount of components other than water contained in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention) is preferably low so that the aqueous dispersion has low viscosity and excellent fluidity. Therefore, the solids concentration of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably 70% by mass or less, more preferably 65% ​​by mass or less, and particularly preferably 60% by mass or less. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of ensuring the content of each component and ensuring film-forming properties, the solids concentration of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, even more preferably 10% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 15% by mass or more.

[0113] [Other Components] In addition to the above-mentioned components, the aqueous dispersion of the present invention can contain other low-molecular-weight and polymeric emulsifiers, alcohol-based compounds, and the like, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. Specific examples of low-molecular-weight emulsifiers include nonionic low-molecular-weight emulsifiers such as fatty acid diethanolamide, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, and polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether; and anionic low-molecular-weight emulsifiers such as α-sulfofatty acid ester salts, alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfate ester salts, and triethanolamine alkyl sulfate. Specific examples of polymeric emulsifiers include nonionic polymeric emulsifiers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymers, and polymer starch; and anionic polymeric emulsifiers such as styrene-maleate copolymers, formalin-bound naphthalene sulfonates, polyacrylates, carboxymethylcellulose metal salts, olefin-maleate copolymers, polystyrene sulfonates, acrylamide-acrylate copolymers, and alginates. Specific examples of alcohol-based compounds include higher alcohols such as cetanol and stearyl alcohol, and polyols such as (poly)ethylene glycol, (poly)propylene glycol, polytetramethylene ether glycol, polycarbonate diol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, erythritol, sorbitol, and isosorbide. Among these, polyols such as (poly)ethylene glycol, (poly)propylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, polytetramethylene ether glycol, polycarbonate diol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, and isosorbide tend to have high dispersion stability and are therefore preferred.

[0114] The amount of these additives to be added is set appropriately for each additive, but is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 30 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the total of components (A), (B), (C), and (D) used as needed. If the amount is small, the viscosity and particle size of the dispersion tend to be small.

[0115] In addition to the above components, the aqueous dispersion of the present invention may contain other additives such as antifoaming agents, preservatives, smoothing agents, antistatic agents, flame retardants, tackifiers, fillers, ultraviolet absorbers, colorants, antioxidants, functional dyes, inorganic particles, organic solvents, etc. The amount of these additives to be added is determined appropriately for each additive, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 5% by mass or less, of the aqueous dispersion.

[0116] [Viscosity] The viscosity of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably low in terms of excellent workability when handling the aqueous dispersion. Therefore, the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably 5,000 mPa·s or less, more preferably 3,500 mPa·s or less, even more preferably 2,000 mPa·s or less, particularly preferably 1,000 mPa·s or less, and most preferably 500 mPa·s or less. From the viewpoint of improving coatability, the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is usually 0.1 mPa·s or more, preferably 1 mPa·s or more, and even more preferably 10 mPa·s or more. The viscosity in the present invention is a value measured (unit: mPa·s) using a Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of 25°C and a shear rate of 100 rpm.

[0117] [Average particle size of emulsion] The average particle size of the emulsion in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably small from the viewpoint of workability when handling the aqueous dispersion. Therefore, the average particle size of the emulsion in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention is preferably smaller than 100 μm, more preferably 50 μm or less, and even more preferably 10 μm or less. The average particle size in the present invention is a value measured (unit: μm) at a temperature of 25° C. using a laser diffraction device (laser diffraction scattering method).

[0118] [Method for producing aqueous dispersion] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention can be produced in accordance with a known method for producing an aqueous dispersion or emulsion. For example, the components can be mixed in the following order: i) A method in which a nonionic surfactant and a wax component are dispersed in water, and then a binder resin is mixed; ii) A method in which a nonionic surfactant, a wax component, and a binder resin are mixed in advance, and then the mixture is mixed with water; iii) A method in which a binder resin is dispersed in water, and then a nonionic surfactant and a wax component are mixed. Of these, method i) is preferred in terms of workability and productivity.

[0119] The conditions for mixing the components are preferably as follows.

[0120] The mixing time in each step is preferably long in order to easily obtain a liquid in which each component is sufficiently dispersed, and is preferably short in order to improve productivity of the aqueous dispersion. Therefore, the mixing time is usually 10 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 20 minutes to 6 hours.

[0121] The mixing temperature in each step is preferably a temperature at which water is unlikely to solidify or evaporate, and is usually 0 to 100°C, preferably 40 to 90°C. When the mixture is heated to room temperature or higher, cooling can be performed using techniques commonly used for cooling, such as rapid cooling by contact with a refrigerant or natural cooling by contact with an air environment. These methods are selected taking into consideration the production volume and industrial feasibility of the aqueous dispersion to be prepared.

[0122] The pressure in each step may be normal pressure, or may be increased or reduced pressure, and these methods are selected depending on the properties of the aqueous dispersion to be prepared (concentration, viscosity, particle size, production amount, etc.) and the dispersion technique described below.

[0123] The method for dispersing each component in water can be any method that applies various shear forces commonly used in preparing dispersions, such as stirring, shaking, ultrasonic waves, mechanical extrusion, etc. These methods are selected depending on the properties (concentration, viscosity, particle size, production volume, etc.) of the aqueous dispersion to be prepared.

[0124] [Uses] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is useful for various applications, such as an additive for foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc., as well as an antifogging agent, an antistatic agent, a compatibilizer, a paint, a coating agent, an agent for imparting water and oil resistance to paper, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a dispersant for various organic and inorganic particles, and an additive for thermoplastic and thermosetting resins.

[0125] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is suitable for use as a coating agent for various substrates. It is particularly suitable as a coating agent for packaging materials such as food packaging materials. The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is also suitable as a water- and oil-resistant coating agent or a heat-sealable coating agent for various substrates. The substrates to be coated with the aqueous dispersion of the present invention are preferably paper substrates, plastic substrates, fiber substrates, or wood substrates, and are preferably paper substrates or plastic substrates, and are particularly preferably paper substrates. For example, a paper product can be produced having a coating layer formed by applying or impregnating one or both surfaces of a paper substrate with the aqueous dispersion of the present invention. Furthermore, a paper product can be produced by mixing the aqueous dispersion of the present invention with a pulp slurry and then making the resulting paper product. Furthermore, a laminate can be produced having a coating layer formed by applying the aqueous dispersion of the present invention to one or both surfaces of a paper, plastic substrate, or wood substrate. The substrate of the laminate will be described later.

[0126] [Film] Using the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, a film can be formed on a substrate by volatilizing components such as water from the aqueous dispersion. That is, by using aqueous dispersion 1 of the present invention, a film containing a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax component (C) can be obtained, characterized in that the content of the nonionic surfactant (B) is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A) and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C). Furthermore, by using aqueous dispersion 2 of the present invention, a film containing a binder resin (A), a surfactant (B'), and a wax component (C) can be obtained, characterized in that the surfactant (B') contains at least one of a sucrose fatty acid ester and a sorbitan fatty acid ester, and the content of the surfactant (B') is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A) and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C).

[0127] A film according to another embodiment of the present invention is a film containing a binder resin (A), a surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), and is characterized in that the film contains a birefringent phase (X). This film can also be obtained using the aqueous dispersion of the present invention.

[0128] The birefringent phase (X) in the film (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "birefringent phase") is a phase obtained when the surfactant (B) forms a liquid crystal structure such as a lamellar phase. When a coating film having the birefringent phase (X) of the present invention is observed under a polarizing microscope, interference fringes and particles having optical anisotropy are confirmed. By including such a birefringent phase (X) in the film, it is possible to obtain a coating film with excellent water and oil resistance.

[0129] A film according to yet another embodiment of the present invention is a film comprising a binder resin (A), a surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), characterized in that the surface roughness Ra of the film surface measured by a scanning probe microscope is 10 to 100 nm. This film can also be obtained using the aqueous dispersion of the present invention. When the surface roughness Ra of the film of the present invention is 1 nm or more, excellent water and oil resistance can be expected due to the lotus effect. On the other hand, when the surface roughness Ra is 200 nm or less, the effects of the present invention are easily manifested. From these viewpoints, the surface roughness Ra of the film of the present invention is more preferably 1 to 200 nm, and even more preferably 3 to 150 nm.

[0130] Here, the components and compositions in the film of the present invention are the same as the components other than water and their compositions in the aqueous dispersion of the present invention described above.

[0131] The film thickness of the film of the present invention is preferably thick in terms of easily and reliably covering the substrate, having high film strength, and being less likely to chip due to friction, etc. On the other hand, a thin film is preferable in terms of reducing the raw material costs of the film and being less likely to peel off from the substrate when force is applied. Therefore, the film thickness of the film of the present invention is preferably 0.1 μm or more, more preferably 0.2 μm or more, even more preferably 0.5 μm or more, preferably 30 μm or less, more preferably 25 μm or less, even more preferably 20 μm or less, and particularly preferably 15 μm or less. That is, the film thickness of the film of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 30 μm, more preferably 0.2 to 20 μm, and even more preferably 0.5 to 15 μm. The coating amount of the film of the present invention is preferably high in terms of easily and reliably covering the substrate, having high film strength, and being less likely to chip due to friction, etc. On the other hand, a low coating amount is preferable in terms of reducing the raw material costs of the film and being less likely to peel off from the substrate when force is applied. Therefore, the coating amount of the film of the present invention is 0.1 to 100 g / m as the amount of solids after removing volatiles such as water. ２ It is preferable that the density is 0.5 to 50 g / m ２ More preferably, it is 1 to 30 g / m ２ It is particularly preferred that:

[0132] The film of the present invention is excellent in water resistance, oil resistance, and heat sealing property. That is, the film of the present invention is suitable for a water-resistant, oil-resistant film and a heat-sealing film. Furthermore, since the film of the present invention is excellent in water resistance, oil resistance, and heat sealing property, it is preferably used for packaging material applications, and since it is also excellent in safety, it is more preferably used for food packaging material applications. That is, a packaging material having the film of the present invention and a food packaging material having the film of the present invention can be obtained.

[0133] [Laminate] The film of the present invention can be obtained by using the aqueous dispersion of the present invention. Then, the laminate of the present invention can be obtained by laminating the film of the present invention on a substrate. That is, a laminate can be obtained having a coating film formed on the surface of the substrate using the aqueous dispersion of the present invention. Here, the substrate is preferably paper, plastic, fiber, or the like. That is, a laminate can be obtained having at least one substrate of paper, plastic, or fiber and the film of the present invention.

[0134] Examples of the paper substrate include fine paper, medium-quality paper, coated paper, foil paper, glassine paper, paraffin paper, and parchment paper. Examples of the plastic substrate include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, vinyl chloride, polystyrene, acrylic, polycarbonate, polyphenylene sulfide, fluororesin, polyether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, aramid, polyimide, polyamide, cellophane, and triacetyl cellulose. Examples of the fiber include natural fibers such as cotton, silk, hemp, wool, and cashmere, recycled fibers such as rayon, and synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers, nylon fibers, acrylic fibers, and polyurethane fibers.

[0135] Among these, paper substrates, cellophane, and triacetyl cellulose are preferred, as they have a high affinity for water and are easy to coat with an aqueous dispersion, and paper is particularly preferred.

[0136] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. The present invention is not limited to the following examples as long as it does not depart from the gist of the invention. Furthermore, "parts" means parts by mass.

[0137] [Evaluation Method] The evaluation methods for the aqueous dispersions prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples are as follows. The paper substrate was glassine paper (basis weight 25.8 g / m ２ (Shimojima Co., Ltd.) was used.

[0138] <Viscosity of aqueous dispersion> The viscosity of the aqueous dispersion was measured one day after preparation and evaluated according to the following criteria. The viscosity was measured (unit: mPa·s) using a Brookfield viscometer at a temperature of 25°C and a shear rate of 100 rpm. (Evaluation criteria) ◯: 1000 mPa·s or less Δ: more than 1000 mPa·s but less than 5000 mPa·s ×: 5000 mPa·s or more

[0139] <Average particle size of aqueous dispersion> The average particle size of the emulsion was measured one day after the preparation of the dispersion using a laser diffraction device (Horiba, Ltd., "Partica LA-950V2") at 25°C. (Evaluation criteria) ◯: 10 μm or less △: more than 10 μm and less than 30 μm ×: 30 μm or more

[0140] <Water contact angle of coated paper> 2 μL of water was dropped onto a paper substrate coated with the prepared aqueous dispersion or toluene solution, and the water contact angle after 1 second was measured using a solid-liquid interface analyzer ("DropMaster 500" manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.) and evaluated according to the following criteria. The water contact angle of the paper substrate before coating with the aqueous dispersion was 36.1°, and was evaluated as ×. (Evaluation criteria) ◯: 95° or more △: more than 50° and less than 95° ×: 50° or less

[0141] <Water resistance of coated paper> One drop of water was dropped onto a paper substrate coated with the prepared aqueous dispersion or toluene solution, and then the water was wiped off after a certain time (1-minute intervals, maximum 10 minutes) at 23°C. The surface of the coated paper was visually observed, and the time 1 minute before the appearance of a water mark was recorded and evaluated according to the following criteria. The water resistance of the paper substrate before coating with the aqueous dispersion was 0 min, and was rated x. (Evaluation criteria) ◯: 10 min or more △: 1 min or more but less than 10 min x: less than 1 min

[0142] <Water Absorbency of Coated Paper> The water absorbency of the paper substrate coated with the prepared aqueous dispersion or toluene solution was measured in accordance with JIS P8140:1998. Test area: 100 cm ２ The measurement was carried out under the following conditions: contact time: 30 seconds, test temperature: 23°C, and evaluation was carried out according to the following criteria: The water absorbency of the paper substrate before coating with the aqueous dispersion was 16.7 g / m ２ The evaluation was ×. (Evaluation criteria) ２ Less than △ 0.50 or more and 1.0 g / m ２ Less than × 1.0 g / m ２ End

[0143] <Oil resistance of coated paper> The oil resistance of paper substrates coated with the prepared aqueous dispersion or toluene solution was measured using a kit test (J.TAPPI No. 41). Test solutions of kit numbers 1 to 12, consisting of castor oil, toluene, and n-heptane mixed at a predetermined volume ratio, were used, and one drop of this test solution was dropped onto the coated paper. 15 seconds after the drop, the dropped test solution was removed with clean blotting paper, and the surface of the coated paper was visually inspected. The kit number one less than the kit number where oil bleeding occurred on the surface was recorded, and the result was evaluated according to the following criteria. The kit number of the paper substrate before coating with the aqueous dispersion was less than 1, and was evaluated as ×. (Evaluation criteria) ◯: Kit number 4 or more △: Kit number 3 ×: Kit number 2 or less

[0144] <Heat sealability of coated paper> Using a heat sealer, the coated surfaces of the paper substrates coated with the prepared aqueous dispersion or toluene solution were brought into close contact with each other, and heat-sealed at 180°C for 1.2 seconds, and the results were evaluated according to the following criteria: (Evaluation criteria) ◯: Sealed ×: Not sealed

[0145] <Presence or absence of birefringent phase (X) in coating film> The PET film coated with the prepared aqueous dispersion or toluene solution was visually confirmed to have a birefringent phase (X) by observing it with a polarizing microscope, and evaluated according to the following criteria: (Evaluation criteria) ◯: Birefringent phase (X) present in the coating film ×: Birefringent phase (X) absent in the coating film

[0146] [Raw Materials] In the Examples and Comparative Examples, the materials of the components used to prepare the aqueous dispersions are as follows.

[0147] <Binder Resin (A)> (A-1): Acrylic emulsion (trade name: FILLHARMO (registered trademark) NS215, manufactured by Toyochem Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 41% by mass) (A-2): Styrene-acrylic emulsion (trade name: FILLHARMO (registered trademark) GS500, manufactured by Toyochem Co., Ltd., solid content concentration 45.5% by mass) (A-3): Water-based polyester resin (trade name: Nichigo Polyester (registered trademark) WR-905, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, solid content concentration 20% by mass)

[0148] <Nonionic Surfactants (B)> (B-1): Stearic acid-based sucrose fatty acid ester (trade name: RYOTO (registered trademark) Sugar Ester S-370, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) (B-2): Sorbitan monostearate (trade name: EMASOL S-10V, manufactured by Kao Corporation)

[0149] <Wax (C)> (C-1): Rice bran wax (trade name: NatureFine R331, manufactured by DSP Gokyo & Food Chemicals Co., Ltd., melting point 77 to 82°C) (C-2): Solid paraffin (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd., melting point 66 to 68°C)

[0150] <Anionic Surfactant (D)> (D-1): Sodium stearate (trade name: Sodium Stearate, manufactured by Nitto Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.)

[0151] <Other Components (E)> (E-1): Defoaming agent (trade name: XIAMETER (registered trademark) ACP-1500, manufactured by Dow-Toray Industries, Inc.)

[0152] [Preparation of Aqueous Dispersions] <Examples 1 to 10, Comparative Examples 2, 6 to 8> Of the components shown in Tables 1 to 3, all except component (A) were mixed in the amounts (parts) shown in Tables 1 to 3, and the mixture was heated to 90°C and stirred for 120 minutes. The mixture was then quickly cooled to 25°C in an ice bath to obtain an aqueous dispersion. The obtained aqueous dispersion was mixed with component (A) shown in Tables 1 to 3 in the amounts (parts) shown in Tables 1 to 3 at room temperature (23°C) to obtain the desired aqueous dispersion. The viscosity and average particle size of the obtained aqueous dispersion were measured, and the results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

[0153] Comparative Examples 1, 4, and 5 Only the component (A) shown in Tables 2 and 3 was prepared into an aqueous dispersion, and the viscosity and average particle size were measured. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0154] [Preparation of Toluene Solution] Comparative Example 3 The component (B) shown in Table 2 and toluene were mixed in the ratio shown in Table 2 and heated to 40° C. to obtain a toluene solution of the nonionic surfactant (B).

[0155] [Coating and Evaluation] A paper substrate, glassine paper (basis weight 25.8 g / m ２ The aqueous dispersion or toluene solution prepared was coated onto a substrate (manufactured by Shimojima Co., Ltd.) using an applicator (coating amount after drying: 10 g / m ２ ), and then heated and dried at 120°C for 5 minutes to obtain coated paper. The water contact angle, water resistance, water absorbency, oil resistance, and heat sealability of the obtained coated paper were measured, and the results are shown in Tables 1 to 3. Furthermore, the prepared aqueous dispersion or toluene solution was coated onto a PET film (trade name: Lumirror #25-T60, manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) using an applicator (coating amount after drying: 10 g / m ２ ) and then heated and dried at 120°C for 5 minutes to obtain a PET film with a coating film. The obtained PET film with a coating film was observed under a polarizing microscope to confirm the presence or absence of a birefringent phase (X) in the coating film, and the results are shown in Tables 1 to 3.

[0156]

[0157]

[0158]

[0159] Tables 1 to 3 above confirm that Examples 1 to 10 have low water absorbency, high water resistance, and high oil resistance. That is, it is confirmed that the films prepared using the aqueous dispersion of the present invention have water and oil resistance. Furthermore, Examples 1 and 2 also confirm that they have heat sealability. In Examples 1 and 2, the coating films have a birefringent phase (X), whereas when the aqueous dispersion of Comparative Example 1 containing only the binder resin and Comparative Example 2 not containing the wax (C) was coated on a paper substrate, it was confirmed that the coating film did not contain a birefringent phase (X), resulting in high water absorbency, low water resistance, and reduced oil resistance. That is, it is confirmed that the film containing the birefringent phase (X) has water and oil resistance and heat sealability. On the other hand, when the aqueous dispersion of Comparative Example 3 containing only the surfactant (B) component was coated, it was confirmed that the coating film had high water absorbency, low water resistance, and no heat sealability. In Comparative Example 6, in which the content of the surfactant (B) component relative to the wax component (C) was outside (too low) the range for the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, phase separation occurred. In Comparative Example 8, in which the content of the surfactant (B) component relative to the binder resin (A) was outside (too high) the range for the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, the water resistance of the coated paper was evaluated as ×. In Comparative Example 7, in which the content of the surfactant (B) component relative to the binder resin (A) was outside (too low) the range for the aqueous dispersion of the present invention, the water contact angle of the coated paper was low, and the oil resistance of the coated paper was evaluated as △. Example 8 and Comparative Example 4, and Example 9 and Comparative Example 5 demonstrate that even when a styrene-acrylic emulsion or an aqueous polyester resin is used as the binder resin (A), a film with excellent water and oil resistance can be obtained by using the surfactant (B) component and the wax component (C) in combination.

[0160] Although the present invention has been described in detail using specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-048748, filed on March 24, 2022, and is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0161] The aqueous dispersion of the present invention is useful as a water-resistant and oil-resistant coating agent or a heat-sealable coating agent, and is useful in various applications such as an additive for foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc., an anti-fogging agent, an antistatic agent, a compatibilizer, a coating material, an adhesive, a dispersant for various organic and inorganic particles, and an additive for thermoplastic and thermosetting resins.

Claims

1. An aqueous dispersion comprising a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), wherein the content of the nonionic surfactant (B) is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A), and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C).

2. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 , wherein the nonionic surfactant (B) is at least one selected from the group consisting of polyol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, and polyoxyethylene alkyl amines.

3. The aqueous dispersion contains a binder resin (A), a surfactant (B'), and a wax component (C), wherein the surfactant (B') contains at least one of a sucrose fatty acid ester and a sorbitan fatty acid ester, and the content of the surfactant (B') is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A) and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C).

4. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 3, further comprising an anionic surfactant (D).

5. 4. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin (A) is a radical polymerization resin selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic resin, styrene resin, vinyl resin, olefin resin, and copolymers containing monomers of these resins.

6. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 3, further comprising pulp fibers.

7. 4. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, which has a viscosity of 5,000 mPa·s or less as measured at 25°C and a shear rate of 100 rpm using a Brookfield viscometer.

8. 4. The aqueous dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the emulsion has an average particle size of less than 100 μm as measured at 25° C. using a laser diffraction device.

9. A water-resistant and oil-resistant coating agent comprising the aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 3.

10. A coating agent for paper, plastic or fiber, comprising the aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 3.

11. A heat-sealable coating agent comprising the aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 3.

12. A film comprising a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), wherein the content of the nonionic surfactant (B) is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A) and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C).

13. A film comprising a binder resin (A), a surfactant (B'), and a wax component (C), wherein the surfactant (B') comprises at least one of a sucrose fatty acid ester and a sorbitan fatty acid ester, and the content of the surfactant (B') is 0.1 to 200 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the binder resin (A) and 2 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the wax component (C).

14. A film comprising a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), characterized in that the film contains a phase (X) having birefringence.

15. A film comprising a binder resin (A), a nonionic surfactant (B), and a wax component (C), wherein the surface of the film has a surface roughness Ra of 10 to 100 nm as measured by a scanning probe microscope.

16. The membrane according to any one of claims 12 to 15, having a membrane thickness of 0.1 to 30 μm.

17. The film according to any one of claims 12 to 15, which is a water-resistant and oil-resistant film.

18. The membrane of any one of claims 12 to 15, which is a heat-seal membrane.

19. A packaging material comprising the film according to any one of claims 12 to 15.

20. A food packaging material comprising the film according to any one of claims 12 to 15.

21. A laminate having a coating film formed on a surface of a substrate using the aqueous dispersion according to claim 1 or 3.

22. A laminate comprising a substrate and the film according to any one of claims 12 to 15.

23. 22. The laminate of claim 21, wherein the substrate is paper, plastic, or textile.

24. The laminate of claim 22, wherein the substrate is paper, plastic or fiber.