SYSTEM FOR ACTIVATING AND DEACTIVATING DEVICES IN DISTRIBUTED BUILDINGS AND COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for managing electrical or electronic devices commonly used in distributed buildings, through its own radio frequency communication network. This network comprises a master transceiver connected to a server, and n slave transceivers connected to an additional electronic system, which manage the switching on and off of various building services. Implementing the system in distributed buildings does not require specific communication cabling or additional communication networks.

Description

SYSTEM FOR ACTIVATING AND DEACTIVATING DEVICES IN DISTRIBUTED BUILDINGS AND COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention belongs to the field of self-regulating systems that achieve optimal performance according to a predetermined criterion, especially electrical or electronic devices commonly used in distributed buildings via a communication network. The proposed application of the invention is for building automation systems. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In recent years, energy-saving schemes have been developed to increase efficiency. Energy savings are particularly noticeable in high-consumption areas, where small changes can lead to significant reductions in electricity bills. These schemes aim to manage energy use and control various services. They can incorporate a range of elements that provide some level of automation, from a timer to turn a light or appliance on / off at a specific time, to more complex systems capable of interacting with any electrical component in a building. These systems integrate a range of automated processes in electricity, electronics, robotics, computing, and telecommunications to ensure users experience increased comfort, security, energy savings, ease of communication, and entertainment options.Today, these systems are so complex that they are considered at three levels: The first level corresponds to isolated systems, the second to interconnected equipment, and the third to applications and services, including security. These types of systems can be difficult and expensive to install in facilities with distributed buildings. The technologies found to date in the state of the art present several difficulties. Some require the installation of cables for implementation. In other cases, although services can be activated or deactivated remotely, it is not possible to schedule routines or tasks for controlled activation or deactivation at specified times or days. Furthermore, with current systems, it is only possible to connect a minimal number of services to be controlled, and these services must have well-defined characteristics. Patent application MX / a / 2013 / 006085 describes, in general terms, a home automation system capable of connecting to one or more other home automation systems via an interface used to manage the system. The system comprises a multiprocessing board responsible for receiving commands sent through a control interface and distributing them to all connected devices via control terminals. The entire process is wireless and utilizes various transmission media, optimizing system performance by automatically detecting and transmitting the signal through the most efficient medium. Mexican patent No. 342668 discloses a building interface system that includes at least one mobile computing device configured to read building information displays located within the building. The mobile computing device is in wireless communication with a building control system located within the building. The building control system is configured to send control signals to a plurality of field devices within the building. At least one of the mobile computing devices is configured to transmit display data defined by the building information displays to the building control system. The building control system is configured to control the field devices based, at least in part, on the display data or signals received from the mobile computing devices.According to the description, this patent includes an interface for a building where several interconnected mobile devices are distributed. Mexican patent No. 313122 pertains to the control of lighting systems for individual, local, regional, and larger geographic areas. This document describes a system for switching lights on and off via a radio frequency communication network. The system is limited to lighting systems with a centralized control system. Korean patent application No. KR 20160059835 describes a communication system between devices in buildings, where each device has a specific address. Document CN 104536298 aims to provide a communication management system for a building using intelligent communications where each device used has a specific address. U.S. Patent No. 7,956,719 discloses an arrangement for handling communication messages in a building control system, which includes a communication circuit and a control device operatively coupled to the communication circuit. According to the patent description, it is understood to be a communication system between devices in buildings, with bidirectional communication. US Patent No. 6,192,282 presents a communication system with a defined two-level protocol, for use in building automation. Patent application No. CN 102004482 describes an automatic energy saving control system based on Internet of Things technology to perform communication between different devices using RFID and established communication protocols such as TCP / IP. Patent application No. CN 109757018 describes a method for controlling lighting devices in buildings, wireless, based on the Zigbee protocol, where the system used comprises coordinators, routers and terminal nodes, where each terminal node is used for environment detection through a detection signal acquisition module. Patent application No. KR 1018361460000 discloses a method and automatic control system for a building using mobile terminal sensors and short-range RF transmission. Patent application No. KR 1018328370000 relates to a method and system for automatically controlled buildings, where the control of building devices is through sensors and mobile terminals and transmission via a wide area network (WAN). European patent application No. EP 1278338 discloses a system and method for controlling a plurality of household appliances installed in a building, where a computer device is provided to fix the respective private IP address of the household appliances to connect them to an internal internet network equipped with a LAN line previously installed in the building. Communication modules are also provided to store the established private IP address and convert / process the information transmitted and received between the household appliances and the internet network appropriately according to the standards of the appliances and the internet network. Document CN 103809541 provides a method for controlling groups of buildings with different regions or spaces. The method comprises dividing the buildings into a plurality of mutually adjacent and independent spatial regions, establishing node units in each spatial region, and enabling the node units to control the spatial regions. Document JP 2002352361 provides a method and system for managing a building that can be immediately handled with an alarm generated from a building in a certain area by dividing a large area of ​​points into a plurality of areas. CN 208044379 describes a method for performing building monitoring and control of some security elements using a centralized system. CN 106453644 refers to a system for collecting data in buildings, based on the Zigbee and TCP / IP protocol, which includes access control. WO 2013 126967 discloses an RF transmission system for use in buildings that enables the transmission of sensor measurements. CN 106482080 describes a communication system based on the KNX protocol for remote lamp switching. Document JP 2000076571 describes a system for monitoring the amount of energy in different spaces of a building and for controlling air conditioning and heating systems. In general, the search for prior art revealed various precedents related to home and building automation systems for monitoring and controlling devices, in which features known in the prior art can be found. However, one of the relevant features of the system proposed in the present invention is the procedure for information management, that is, the way in which data is sent and received, including how the address of each slave transceiver is designated and the service status information is sent via ASCII characters, with data transmission occurring asynchronously. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The system of the present invention is focused on the management of electrical or electronic devices commonly used in distributed buildings, through its own radio frequency communication network. The system comprises a master transceiver connected to a server that manages communication with n additional slave transceivers. Each of these slave transceivers is connected to an additional electronic system responsible for managing the switching on and off of various services in a group of buildings. The slave transceivers transmit or receive information, and each is based on a microcontroller with a microprocessor and embedded hardware, as well as additional external components. Implementation of the system of the invention does not require any specific communication cabling or additional communication networks. The master transceiver used in the system is responsible for managing communication between the n slave transceivers. It is connected to a server, from which the various services connected to the n slave transceivers can be activated or deactivated, information requests sent to the slave transceivers, status updates sent to the slave transceivers, and information received from the slave transceivers, including the status of the services controlled by each of those slave transceivers. The server stores in its database a record of the status of each of the services controlled by the n slave transceivers, as well as the time and date of their activation. Routines for activating and deactivating the services connected to the slave transceivers can be programmed through the database. The master transceiver comprises a microcontroller, which is its central component. This microcontroller processes information and manages communication between the server and the slave transceivers. The microcontroller includes several internal modules that perform various functions. These modules are: - An oscillator module that performs the function of synchronizing the elements of the master transceiver microcontroller and indicating the speed at which the operations are carried out. - An input / output data module for the slave transceivers, which handles the sending and receiving of data to a communication module with the slave transceivers. Communication between the master transceiver and a slave transceiver is bidirectional and serial to reduce the amount of hardware required in the overall system. This input / output module also includes an input / output data buffer where data is temporarily stored before being transmitted or received, as appropriate, through the communication module with the slave transceivers. - An input / output module for the server, which handles sending and receiving data to and from the server. Communication between the input / output module and the server is bidirectional and serial, reducing the amount of hardware required in the overall system. The module has an input / output buffer where data is temporarily stored and then transmitted or received, as appropriate, through the communication module with the server. - An encoding module that is responsible for ordering the data in the required manner by means of a communication protocol designed in the present invention, which is explained below, before transmitting the data to the slave transceivers or to the server. - A decoder module that is responsible for interpreting the data coming from the slave transceivers or the server, through the standards defined in the protocol described in the present invention, for communication between slave transceivers proposed in this document. - A timer that defines a time base for communication between the master transceiver and the slave transceivers, so that the status of the services connected to the slave transceivers is updated periodically. The sampling period can be modified through the server. The master transceiver also includes: - A communication module with the slave transceivers that is responsible for carrying out the communication between the microcontroller of the master transceiver and the slave transceivers, through the sending and receiving of coded data packets, where the information regarding the states of the services connected to the slave transceivers is found. - A communication module with the server that is responsible for carrying out the communication between the microcontroller of the master transceiver and the server, through the sending and receiving of coded data packets, where the information regarding the states of the services connected to the slave transceivers is found. - An alternating current to direct current converter used to provide the power required by each of the elements of the master transceiver. The n slave transceivers are located in each of the areas to be monitored, such as classrooms, bedrooms, lounges, meeting rooms, offices, and so on. Each slave transceiver is connected to various electrical or electronic devices or equipment, including light fixtures (main lighting, table lamps, etc.), electronic appliances (coffee makers, refrigerators, water dispensers, air conditioners, fans, etc.), access control systems (door opening, alarm activation, etc.), and entertainment systems (projectors, screens, audio systems, etc.). Each of these electrical or electronic devices or equipment can be turned on or off by connecting or interrupting the electrical power supply, a process made possible through the slave transceivers.In addition, the slave transceivers receive information from the master transceiver to update the states of the connected services, switch the states of the services to be controlled between active and inactive, depending on the information received from the master transceiver, store the state information in non-volatile memory to avoid loss of information if there are power failures, and send the information about the states of the connected services when a request is received from the master transceiver. Each slave transceiver comprises: i) a microcontroller that is the central part of said transceiver, comprising an oscillator module, a data input and output module for said transceiver, an encoder module, a decoder module, data input and output ports, a sampling timer, a presence sensor timer, and volatile memory; ii) a communication module that communicates with the master transceiver; iii) a presence sensor; iv) a push-button panel; v) a set of status indicators; vi) a service switching module; and vii) an AC-to-DC converter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a flowchart showing the different conditions involved in the operation of the master transceiver. Figure 2 is a flowchart showing the different conditions involved in the operation of the slave transceiver. Figure 3 is a flowchart showing the hierarchical structure between the server, the master transceiver, the slave transceivers, and the different services. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The following description is intended to highlight the relevant features of the present invention, which should in no way be understood as limitations thereof, but which will assist a person skilled in the art to identify some of the differences and novel advantages of the claimed system with respect to the existing prior art. - Activation with relays The electronic stage for activating services is based on relays, which allows easy connection of services with different electrical power characteristics, allowing alternating or direct current power supply voltages at different levels, thus greatly increasing the flexibility of the system since the power supply of services is with a specific voltage. - Presence sensors The system includes occupancy sensors that determine when a space where a slave transceiver is installed is empty, thus increasing the building's energy efficiency by switching off unused utilities. This is especially noticeable when occupants forget to turn off utilities, particularly for extended periods, such as nights or entire days. The spaces to be switched off when no one is present can be configured directly on the slave transceiver via switches. - Number of buildings and spaces With the current configuration, 224 buildings can be controlled, each with 224 spaces, representing a total of 50,176 controlled spaces. Based on the description of this invention, it will be obvious to a person skilled in the art to make the necessary modification(s) to the current configuration to control a larger number of buildings as needed, for example, by increasing the number of bytes in the building or space identifiers. This quantity is much greater than that allowed by current systems.Furthermore, with the current configuration, it is possible to control six services in each space, but this number can be easily increased by adding an extra encoder to encode the six available bits in the service status information byte, resulting in a total of 32 services controlled per space. This number can be further increased by adding an extra byte for service status information in the inter-transceiver communication protocol. With these features, a large number of services can be controlled, and this number can be easily expanded according to user needs. - Wireless communication The proposed communication system uses radio frequency for data transmission and reception through the air. Therefore, no specific cabling is required for communication between the master transceiver and the slave transceivers, making the installation of the system's various components simple and efficient. - Distributed buildings With the proposed configuration, no specific arrangement of buildings or spaces is required for the implementation of the system; that is, there are no physical or location restrictions for the transceivers, increasing the flexibility of the entire system. - Own communication network A dedicated communication network, specifically designed for the system, is used for communication between the transceivers. No additional network elements, such as routers or repeaters, required in LAN or WAN networks, are needed. This eliminates failures caused by external networks. The system of the present invention increases energy efficiency due to the following: - Local shutdown Each slave transceiver includes a keypad and a set of indicators. The keypad allows you to change the status of each service connected to the slave transceiver, providing local control of the services. This is a significant advantage because it eliminates the need to be at the server or have any additional devices to change the status of a service. Furthermore, the status of the services can be viewed directly on the indicator panel. - Distributed communication systems Since communication is carried out by radio frequency, a distributed communication system can be had, that is, with transceivers located in different places, at different distances. - Flexible communication system The proposed system protocol allows communication between transceiver modules located in different places and is not limited to a maximum number of slave transceivers. Furthermore, transceivers can be added to or removed from the system without changing the overall system configuration or adding additional hardware beyond the transceivers themselves. - Transmission of encoded bytes The way information is transmitted allows for the sending of bytes encoded in four bytes, which facilitates the interpretation of the received data, a function performed by the decoder module. The ease with which the information is encoded allows for an increase in the transmission speed of the entire system, which in turn allows for a decrease in the sampling period, if necessary. - Transmission of encoded byte strings The communication system allows the transmission of byte strings encoded in a single message, which increases communication efficiency and the flexibility of the proposed system. - No additional hardware is required The slave transceiver modules do not require any additional components for connection to the system. Each module connects directly to the AC power outlet. - Asynchronous transmission The communication method does not require a clock signal to control the frequency and phase of the data carrier signals, or any other additional synchronization signal. This allows for increased energy efficiency and a smaller overall system size. System operating mode The system comprises a master transceiver connected to a server that manages communication with n slave transceivers. These slave transceivers are connected to an additional electronic system responsible for controlling the switching on and off of various services across a group of buildings. The slave transceivers transmit or receive information, and each is based on a microcontroller with a microprocessor and embedded hardware, as well as additional external components. The master transceiver comprises a microcontroller, which is its central component. This microcontroller processes information and manages communication between the server and the slave transceivers. The microcontroller includes several internal modules that perform various functions. These modules are: - An oscillator module that performs the function of synchronizing the elements of the master transceiver microcontroller and indicating the speed at which the operations are carried out. - An input / output data module for the slave transceivers, which handles the sending and receiving of data to a communication module with the slave transceivers. Communication between the master and slave transceivers is bidirectional and serial to reduce the amount of hardware required in the overall system. This input / output module also includes a storage register (hereafter referred to as the "buffer") for input and output data from the slave transceivers, where data is temporarily stored before being transmitted or received, as appropriate, through the communication module with the slave transceivers. - An input / output data module for the server, which handles sending and receiving data to and from the server. Communication between the master transceiver and the server is bidirectional and serial, reducing the amount of hardware required in the overall system. The module has an input / output buffer where data is temporarily stored and then transmitted or received, as appropriate, through the communication module with the server. - An encoding module that is responsible for ordering the data in the manner required by the communication protocol (which will be referred to later) designed in the present invention, before transmitting the data to the slave transceivers or the server. - A decoder module that is responsible for interpreting the data coming from the slave transceivers or the server, through the standards defined in the protocol described in the present invention, for communication between transceivers. - A timer that defines a time base for communication between the master transceiver and the slave transceivers, so that the status of the services connected to the slave transceivers is updated periodically. The sampling period can be modified through the server. The master transceiver also includes: - A communication module with the slave transceivers that is responsible for carrying out the communication between the microcontroller of the master transceiver and the slave transceivers, through the sending and receiving of coded data packets, where the information regarding the states of the services connected to the slave transceivers is located. - A communication module with the server that is responsible for carrying out the communication between the microcontroller of the master transceiver and the server, through the sending and receiving of coded data packets, where the information regarding the states of the services connected to the slave transceivers is located. - An alternating current to direct current converter used to provide the power required by each of the elements of the master transceiver. The n slave transceivers are located in each of the n areas to be controlled, for example, classrooms, bedrooms, lounges, meeting rooms, offices, and so on. Various devices are connected to each slave transceiver, such as light fixtures (main lighting, table lamps, etc.), electronic appliances (coffee makers, refrigerators, water dispensers, air conditioners, fans, etc.), access control systems (door opening, alarm activation, etc.), entertainment systems (projectors, screens, audio systems, etc.), and others. Each of these devices is turned on or off by connecting or interrupting the electrical power supply to the slave transceivers.To update the states of connected services, the slave transceivers receive information from the master transceiver when switching the states of the services between active and inactive, depending on the information received from the master transceiver, store the state information in a non-volatile memory, to avoid loss of information if there are power failures, send the information about the states of the connected services, when a request is received from the master transceiver. Each slave transceiver comprises: a) A microcontroller, which is the central part of the slave transceiver, processes information and manages communication between the master and slave transceivers. This microcontroller comprises several internal modules that perform various functions, as described below: i) An oscillator module that has the function of synchronizing the elements of the slave transceiver microcontroller and indicating the speed at which the operations are performed. i) An input / output data module for the slave transceiver, responsible for sending and receiving data to the communication module with the master transceiver. Communication between the slave and master transceivers is bidirectional and serial, reducing the amount of hardware required in the overall system. The module has an input / output data buffer for the master transceiver, where data is temporarily stored and then transmitted or received, as appropriate, through the communication module with the master transceiver. i¡¡) An encoder module that is responsible for ordering the data in the manner required by the communication protocol between slave transceivers designed for this purpose, before transmitting them to the master transceiver. iv) A decoder module that is responsible for interpreting the data from the master transceiver, through the standards defined in the protocol for communication between transceivers designed in the present invention. v) Data input and output ports that are the data input and output pathways of the microcontroller and that help to detect the logic levels coming from the buttons and to activate the services connected to the corresponding slave transceiver, depending on the conditions defined in the button panel (described later) and the server. vi) A sampling timer that defines a time base, which serves as a sampling period to update the status of the services. vii) A timer for a presence sensor that is responsible for defining a time base for periodically checking the status of the presence sensor. viii) A non-volatile memory that stores state information, thus preventing information loss in the event of power failures. b) A communication module with the master transceiver that is responsible for carrying out the communication between the microcontroller of the slave transceiver and the master transceiver, through the sending and receiving of coded data packets, where the information regarding the states of the services connected to the slave transceiver is located. c) A presence sensor that detects the infrared radiation emitted by the human body, allowing it to determine when no one is present in the monitored space (classroom, room, office, etc.). This enables the system to switch off unnecessary services (air conditioning, projector, lights, etc.) to avoid unnecessary energy consumption. The services that are switched off when no one is present can be configured using switches on the slave transceiver, as explained later. d) A keypad that allows changing the status of the services connected to the slave transceiver, so that by pressing the included buttons the services can be turned on or off. There is one button for each service. e) A set of LED status indicators used to indicate the status of each of the services connected to the slave transceiver. Each service has its own LED, which, when lit, indicates that the service is active. f) A service switching module that includes a set of relays, which allow the connected services to be activated or deactivated, by means of signals from the microcontroller. g) An alternating current to direct current converter used to provide the power required by each of the slave transceiver elements. With reference to Figure 1, the master transceiver performs its function as follows: The oscillator module of the master transceiver's microcontroller generates a square wave that serves as a time base for a microprocessor, indicating the period for performing operations. The microcontroller performs a continuous cycle of processes as follows: At the start of the process, the microcontroller waits until the sampling period is complete before requesting data from the n slave transceivers. A timer generates the time base for determining the sampling periods. Once the sampling period is complete, the master transceiver sends a request for information to each of the n slave transceivers, using the distributed transceiver communication protocol, which will be described later. The request information is sent to an encoder, which organizes the data according to the protocol designed for communication within a group of distributed buildings. This allows the encoder to identify the slave transceiver within the group of n transceivers with which communication is to be established by sending a data frame that includes the identifier for the respective building, the identifier of the specific space within that building, and the information request.The encoder sends the data frame to the data input / output (I / O) module of a communication module for the slave transceivers. There, a radio frequency signal is transmitted omnidirectionally to reach the designated slave transceiver. The slave transceiver's data frame is received by the communication module for the slave transceivers, including the building identifier, the space identifier within the building, and the status of the services in the space (active or inactive). The slave transceiver's data frame is then sent to a decoder module, where the received data is interpreted according to the distributed transceiver communication protocol and temporarily stored in the microcontroller to create a backup and prevent data loss. The encoded data frame is then sent to the data input / output (I / O) module for the server.The received data, such as the building identifier, the identifier for the building space, and the status of the services connected to the slave transceiver, is sent to the encoder module, where it is reassembled using the communication protocol between the master transceiver and the distributed slave transceivers. The encoder sends the data frame to the data input / output (I / O) module of the communication module with the server. The data frame is then sent to the communication module with the server, thus completing the process. This same operation is repeated for all interconnected transceivers in the communication system. If the sampling period is not met, but the condition that the request was received from the server is met, the microcontroller performs the sequence of tasks shown below: The communication module with the server receives a data frame containing the building identifier, the identifier for the space within the building, and the status of the services connected to the slave transceiver. This received data frame is sent to the server's data input / output (I / O) module. From there, the received data frame is sent to the decoder module, where it is interpreted according to the communication protocol for distributed slave transceivers and temporarily stored in the microcontroller to create a backup and prevent data loss. The received data is then sent to the encoder module, where it is re-organized using the communication protocol for distributed slave transceivers. This re-organized data includes the building identifier, the identifier for the space within the building, and the status of the services connected to the slave transceiver.The encoded data frame is sent to the data input / output (I / O) module for the slave transceivers. The received information is then sent to the communication module for the n slave transceivers, where it is finally transmitted omnidirectionally via radio frequency to reach the intended slave transceiver. As can be seen in Figure 2, the operation of the slave transceiver is similar to that of the master transceiver; that is, the microcontroller is the element that performs the complete management of the slave transceiver. The oscillator module generates a square wave that serves as the time base for the microprocessor, indicating the period for performing the operations. In this case, the procedure carried out by the slave transceiver's microcontroller is as follows: When the slave transceiver starts operating, the values ​​of the connected states, previously stored in non-volatile memory, are loaded. The status of the keypad buttons is checked to verify if there are any requests for a state change in any of the services. If a change request is made, the relay activation signals are updated to change the state of the corresponding service, simultaneously updating the states on the indicators. The slave transceiver's microcontroller waits until the next sampling period, determined by the sampling timer, is completed before checking the keypad buttons again and verifying if there are any further requests for a state change in any of the services, thus completing a continuous cycle. Each time a data frame is received by the master transceiver in the slave transceiver, the following procedure is performed in the slave transceiver: i) A data frame is received from the master transceiver in the communication module of said master transceiver. The data frame includes the identifier for the building, the identifier for the space in the building, and the operation to be performed, which may be an indication to update statuses or a request for information. i¡) The data frame is sent to the data input / output module for the slave transceiver. iii) The data input / output module sends the data frame to the decoder, where the data is interpreted according to the transceiver communication protocol. The data is temporarily stored in the microcontroller's microprocessor. (iv) Each slave transceiver has unique identification data, corresponding to the building identifier and the space identifier within the building. If the identification data received from the master transceiver differs from the identification data stored in the slave transceiver, the procedure terminates without further action. Otherwise, the following steps are taken: v) If the received data matches the data stored in the slave transceiver, it is verified whether the request is a status update or a request for information. In the event that an information request is made, the following instructions are executed: a) The slave transceiver's microprocessor sends data regarding the status of the services connected to the slave transceiver to the encoder, where it is organized using the communication protocol for distributed slave transceivers. The data sent includes the building identifier, the identifier for the building space, and the status of the services connected to the slave transceiver. b) The encoded data frame is sent to the data input / output module for the slave transceiver. c) The data input / output module sends the encoded data frame to the master transceiver's communication module, where it is finally transmitted to the master transceiver. If a status update is indicated for services on the slave transceiver, the following actions are performed: a) The microprocessor sends the updated states to the output port, to activate or deactivate the required relays, depending on the information received from the master transceiver. b) The LEDs corresponding to the changes required by the master transceiver are turned on or off. Additionally, independently of the two previous processes, the presence sensor continuously measures variations in infrared radiation. Each time a variation is detected, a pulse is sent to the microcontroller to reset the presence sensor timer. If no radiation variation is detected during the period determined by the presence sensor timer, the sensor sends a pulse to the microprocessor, indicating that there are no people in the space, and the configured services are deactivated. Regarding the protocol for communication between transceivers, that is, master transceiver-slave transceivers and master transceiver-server, this can be carried out in the following ways: 1, - Sending information from the master transceiver to the server. A four-byte data frame is organized where the first byte sends the building identifier, encoded in ASCII; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, as they are control characters in computer systems, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify buildings; the second byte sends the identifier of the space within the building; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, as they are control characters in computer systems, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify spaces within each building; the third byte sends the states of the services for the slave transceiver indicated in the first two bytes;A shift of 31 characters corresponding to two bits is used to avoid the 15 control characters of the computer systems, so that in the remaining six bits of the third byte the status of up to six independent services connected to the slave transducer is sent directly using one bit for each service, and in the fourth byte an end-of-string character is sent. 2,- Request for status of services from the master transceiver to the n 20 slave transceivers. A four-byte data frame is organized, where the first byte sends the building identifier, encoded in ASCII; the characters 0 to 31 are avoided, as they are control characters in computer systems, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify buildings, the second byte sends the identifier of the space within the building; the characters 0 to 31 are avoided, as they are control characters in computer systems, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify spaces within each building, the third byte sends a character that indicates the request to the slave transceiver, and the fourth byte sends an end-of-string character. 3.- Request for status update of the master transceiver services to the n slave transceivers. A four-byte data frame is organized, where the first byte sends the building identifier, encoded in ASCII; the characters 0 to 31 are avoided, as they are control characters in computer systems, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify buildings; the second byte sends the identifier of the space within the building; the characters 0 to 31 are avoided, as they are control characters in computer systems, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify spaces within each building; the third byte sends a character that indicates the update of the status of the services to the slave transceiver, and the fourth byte sends an end-of-string character. 4.- Sending information from the respective slave transceiver to the master transceiver and sending information from the master transceiver to the server. A four-byte data frame is organized, where the first byte sends the building identifier, encoded in ASCII; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, as they are control characters in computer systems, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify buildings; the second byte sends the identifier of the space within the building; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, as they are control characters in computer systems, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify spaces within each building; the third byte sends the states of the services for the slave transceiver indicated in the first two bytes;A shift of 31 characters corresponding to two bits is used to avoid the control characters of the computer systems, so that in the remaining six bits of the third byte the status of up to six independent services connected to the slave transducer is sent directly using one bit for each service, and in the fourth byte an end-of-string character is sent. Figure 3 shows the hierarchical structure of the system. As can be seen, the master transceiver is connected to a server that manages communication with n slave transceivers. Each of these slave transceivers is connected to an additional electronic system. This additional electronic system manages the switching on and off of various services across a group of buildings. The slave transceivers transmit and receive information, and each is based on a microcontroller with a microprocessor and embedded hardware, as well as additional external components. From the foregoing, it will be obvious to someone skilled in the field that some components of the system can be replaced by those with the same function. For example, semiconductor elements, such as transistors, can be used to switch the elements, although this would reduce energy efficiency. The communication protocol could also be changed, but considering that, according to the tests, the one used in the present invention provides the greatest energy efficiency by transmitting the minimum required information, the electronic components could be replaced by equivalent devices that perform the same function, as well as additional elements for specific uses, such as motors. The present invention describes embodiments of the invention that should in no way be interpreted as limiting, but rather as illustrative, exemplifying its principles. Any section headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and should not be interpreted as limiting the subject matter described. For the purposes of this disclosure, all identification numbers of components / structural elements / parts or operational assemblies can be found in Figures 1 to 3 unless otherwise indicated. The present invention is not limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein. In fact, various modifications of the invention, in addition to those described herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. These modifications are proposed to fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An electrical or electronic device management system, wherein the system comprises a master transceiver connected to a server that is responsible for managing communication with n slave transceivers, which are connected to an additional electronic system responsible for managing the switching on and off of various services in a group of buildings; wherein the master transceiver comprises a microcontroller that is the central part of said master transceiver, which carries out the processing of information and manages the communication between the server and the slave transceivers; and wherein the slave transceivers carry out the transmission or reception of information and each of them is based on a microcontroller with a microprocessor and embedded hardware, as well as additional external elements. 2 - The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 1, wherein the master transceiver microcontroller comprises the following internal modules: - an oscillator module that performs the function of synchronizing the elements of the master transceiver microcontroller and indicating the speed at which operations are carried out;- an input and output data module for the slave transceivers, which is responsible for sending and receiving data to a communication module with the slave transceivers, the communication between the master transceiver and the slave transceiver being bidirectional and serial, where the input and output module includes a storage register (“buffer”) for input and output data of the slave transceivers, in said storage register data is stored temporarily, which will be transmitted or were received, as appropriate, through the communication module with the slave transceivers;- an input / output data module for the server, which is responsible for sending and receiving data to the server, where communication between the master transceiver and the server is bidirectional and is done serially. This module has an input / output buffer where data is temporarily stored, which is received or transmitted, as appropriate, through the communication module with the server; - an encoder module that is responsible for ordering the data in the required manner through a communication protocol, before transmitting it to the slave transceivers or the server; - a decoder module that is responsible for interpreting the data coming from the slave transceivers or the server, through the rules defined in a protocol, for communication between transceivers;and - a timer that defines a time base for communication between the master transceiver and the slave transceivers, so that the update of the states of the services connected to the slave transceivers is requested periodically, where the sampling period can be modified through the server.; 3. The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 1, wherein the master transceiver further comprises: - a communication module with the slave transceivers that carries out communication between the microcontroller of the master transceiver and the slave transceivers by sending and receiving coded data packets, where the information regarding the states of the services connected to the slave transceivers is located; - a communication module with the server that carries out communication between the microcontroller of the master transceiver and the server, by sending and receiving coded data packets, where the information regarding the states of the services connected to the slave transceivers is located; and - an alternating current to direct current converter that provides the energy required by each of the elements of the master transceiver.

4. The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 2, wherein the communication protocol is carried out by sending information from the master transceiver to the server by organizing a four-byte data frame where the first byte sends the building identifier, encoded in ASCII; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify buildings, the second byte sends the identifier of the space within the building; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify spaces within each building, the third byte sends the states of the services for the slave transceiver indicated in the first two bytes;A shift of 31 characters corresponding to two bits is used to avoid the control characters of the computer systems, so that in the remaining six bits of the third byte the status of up to six independent services connected to the slave transducer is sent directly; and in the fourth byte an end-of-string character is sent.

5. The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 2, wherein the communication protocol is carried out by requesting the status of the services of the master transceiver from the n slave transceivers by organizing a four-byte data frame, wherein in the first byte the building identifier is sent, encoded in ASCII; the use of characters from 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify buildings, in the second byte the identifier of the space within the building is sent; the use of characters from 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify spaces within each building, in the third byte a character is sent that indicates the request to the slave transceiver, and in the fourth byte an end-of-string character is sent.

6. The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 2, wherein the communication protocol is carried out by updating the status of the services of the master transceiver to the n slave transceivers by organizing a four-byte data frame, wherein in the first byte the building identifier is sent, encoded in ASCII; the use of characters from 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify buildings, in the second byte the identifier of the space within the building is sent; the use of characters from 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify spaces within each building, in the third byte a character is sent that indicates the update of the status of the services to the slave transceiver, and in the fourth byte an end-of-string character is sent. 7The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 2, wherein the communication protocol is carried out by sending information from the respective slave transceiver to the master transceiver and sending information from the master transceiver to the server by organizing a four-byte data frame, wherein in the first byte the building identifier is sent, encoded in ASCII; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify buildings, in the second byte the space identifier within the building is sent; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify spaces within each building, in the third byte the service states are sent for the slave transceiver indicated in the first two bytes;A shift of 31 characters corresponding to two bits is used to avoid the control characters of the computer systems, so that in the remaining 20 six bits of the third byte the status of up to six independent services connected to the slave transducer is sent directly, and in the fourth byte an end-of-string character is sent.

8. The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 1, wherein each slave transceiver comprises: a) A microcontroller that is the central part of the slave transceiver, for processing information and managing communication between the master transceiver and the slave transceiver, wherein said microcontroller comprises: i) an oscillator module that has the function of synchronizing the elements of the microcontroller of the slave transceiver and indicating the speed at which operations are performed; ii) a data input and output module for the slave transceiver that is responsible for sending and receiving data to the communication module with the master transceiver, wherein the communication between the slave transceiver and the master transceiver is bidirectional and is carried out serially;The module has an input and output buffer for data from the master transceiver, where data is temporarily stored and received or transmitted, as appropriate, through the communication module with the master transceiver; iii) an encoder module that orders the data in the manner required by the communication protocol between transceivers, before transmitting it to the master transceiver; iv) a decoder module that interprets the data from the master transceiver according to the standards defined in the communication protocol between transceivers;v) data input and output ports, which are the microcontroller's data input and output pathways and help detect logic levels from the buttons and activate the services connected to the corresponding slave transceiver, depending on the conditions defined in a keypad and the server; vi) a sampling timer that defines a time base, which serves as a sampling period to update the status of the services; vii) a presence sensor timer that defines a time base for periodically checking the status of the presence sensor; and viii) a non-volatile memory that stores the status information, thus preventing data loss in case of power failures;b) a communication module with the master transceiver that is responsible for carrying out the communication between the microcontroller of the slave transceiver and the master transceiver, through the sending and receiving of coded data packets, where the information regarding the states of the services connected to the slave transceiver is located; c) a presence sensor that detects the infrared radiation emitted by the human body, in such a way that it can be determined when there are no people inside the space to be controlled so that unnecessary services can be turned off in order to avoid unnecessary energy consumption, where the services that are turned off in the absence of people can be configured through switches included in the slave transceiver;d) a keypad that allows changing the status of the services connected to the slave transceiver, so that by pressing the included buttons the services can be turned on or off; there is one button for each service; e) a set of LED status indicators used to indicate the status of each of the services connected to the slave transceiver; where there is one LED for each service, which, when lit, indicates that the service is active; f) a service switching module that includes a set of relays, which allow activating or deactivating the connected services, through the signals coming from the microcontroller; and g) an AC-to-DC converter used to provide the power required by each of the elements of the slave transceiver.

9. The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 2, wherein the slave transceivers receive information from the master transceiver to switch the states of the services between active and inactive, depending on the information received from the master transceiver, store the state information in a non-volatile memory, and send information about the states of the connected services when a request is received from the master transceiver, in order to update the states of the services connected to said slave transceivers.

10. The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 9, wherein the slave transceivers are located in each of the areas to be controlled, such as classrooms, bedrooms, halls, meeting rooms, offices, among others.

11. The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 9, wherein each of the slave transceivers is connected to the electrical or electronic apparatus or devices or elements, such as luminaires, electronic appliances, access control systems, entertainment systems, or any other device to be controlled, wherein each electrical or electronic apparatus or device or element is switched on or off by connecting or interrupting the electrical power.

12. The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 1, wherein no specific wiring for communication or additional communication networks are required. 13.- The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 1, wherein the server stores in its database the record of each of the services controlled by the slave receivers, as well as the time and date of activation or deactivation. 14.- The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 10, wherein the programming of routines for the activation and deactivation of services connected to slave transceivers is carried out through the database.

15. The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 1, wherein radio frequency is used for data transmission and reception.

16. The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 1, wherein for communication between the master transceiver and the slave transceivers, a clock signal is not required to control the frequency and phase of the carrier signals of the transmitted data, or any other additional synchronization signal. 17.- The electrical or electronic device management system according to claim 1, for use in distributed buildings. 18.- A procedure for managing electrical or electronic devices in building automation systems, where: - an oscillator module of a master transceiver microcontroller generates a square wave, which serves as a time base for a microprocessor that indicates the period for performing management operations; where the microcontroller carries out a continuous cycle of processes as follows: a) at the beginning of the process the microcontroller is waiting until the sampling period is completed to request data from slave transceivers and a timer generates the time base for determining the sampling periods, when the sampling period is completed the master transceiver makes a request for information to each of the slave transceivers, using a communication protocol for distributed slave transceivers;b) The request information is sent to an encoder to organize the information according to the protocol in a group of distributed buildings, so that the transceiver from a group of n slave transceivers with which communication is to be established is identified by sending a data frame that includes the identifier for the respective building, the identifier of the specific space within the respective building and the request for information; c) An encoder sends the data frame to the data input and output module to the communication module with the slave transceivers, where finally a radio frequency signal is transmitted omnidirectionally, so that it can reach the indicated slave transceiver;d) A data frame is received from the slave transceiver in the communication module with the slave transceivers, including the building identifier, the space identifier within the building, and the status of the services in the space, which can be active or inactive; e) The data frame from the slave transceiver is sent to the decoder module, where the received data is interpreted, according to the communication protocol between the master transceiver and the distributed slave transceivers, and is temporarily stored in the microcontroller so that a backup of the information is created; f) The encoded data frame is sent to the data input / output module for the server;g) The received data, such as the building identifier, the identifier for the building space, and the status of the services connected to the slave transceiver, are sent to the encoder module, where they are reorganized using the communication protocol between the master transceiver and the distributed slave transceivers; h) The encoder sends the data frame to the data input / output module of the communication module with the server; ei) The data frame is sent to the communication module with the server, thus ending the process, which is repeated from step a) for all interconnected slave transceivers in the communication system. - An oscillator module of a slave transceiver's microcontroller generates a square wave that serves as a time base for a microprocessor, indicating the period for performing management operations;where the microcontroller of a slave transceiver carries out a continuous cycle of processes as follows: j) when the operation of the slave transceiver is started, the values ​​of the states connected to the respective slave transceiver, which have been previously stored in a non-volatile memory, are loaded; k) the state of the buttons on a keypad is checked to verify if there is any request for a change of state in any of the services; in the event that there is any request for a change of state in any of the services, the activation signals of the relays are updated to change the state of the corresponding service at the same time as the states in the indicators are also updated; l) the microcontroller of the slave transceiver waits until the next sampling period determined by a sampling timer is completed, to check the state of the buttons on the keypad again;(m) check if there is any request for a change of state in any of the services, to complete a continuous cycle; (n) when the operation of the slave transceiver starts, the values ​​of the states connected to the respective slave transceiver, which have previously been stored in the non-volatile memory, are loaded, the state of the buttons on the keypad is checked, to verify if there is any request for a change of state in any of the services; and (ñ) in the event that there is any request for a change of state in any of the services, the activation signals of the relays are updated, to change the state of the corresponding service at the same time as the states in the indicators are also updated;The slave transceiver microcontroller waits until the next sampling period, determined by the sampling timer, is completed to check the status of the buttons on the keypad again and also check if there is any request for a change of state in any of the services, to complete a continuous cycle.

19. The method for managing electrical or electronic devices of claim 18, wherein the communication protocol is carried out by sending information from the respective master transceiver to a slave transceiver, a slave transceiver to the master transceiver, and sending information from the master transceiver to the server by organizing a four-byte data frame, wherein in the first byte the building identifier is sent, encoded in ASCII; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify buildings, in the second byte the identifier of the space within the building is sent; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify spaces within each building, in the third byte the states of the services are sent for the slave transceiver indicated in the first two bytes;A shift of 31 characters corresponding to two bits is used to avoid the control characters of the computer systems, so that in the remaining six bits of the third byte the status of up to six independent services connected to the slave transducer is sent directly, and in the fourth byte an end-of-string character is sent.

20. The method for managing electrical or electronic devices of claim 18, wherein if the sampling period is not met, but the condition that the request from the server was received is met, the microcontroller of the master transceiver performs the sequence of tasks as follows: a) a data frame is received in the communication module with the server, which includes the building identifier, the space identifier in the building, and the status of the services connected to the slave transceiver; b) the received data frame is sent to the data input / output (I / O) module for the server; c) the received data frame is sent to the decoder module, where the received data is interpreted according to the communication protocol for distributed slave transceivers and is temporarily stored in the microcontroller to create a backup of the information;d) The received data is sent to the encoding module, where it is reorganized using the communication protocol for distributed slave transceivers. This data includes the building identifier, the identifier for the building space, and the status of the services connected to the slave transceiver; e) The encoded data frame is sent to the data input / output module for the slave transceivers, where the received information is sent to the communication module for the n slave transceivers, where it is finally transmitted omnidirectionally via radio frequency to reach the indicated slave transceiver.

21. The method for managing electrical or electronic devices of claim 20, wherein the communication protocol is carried out by sending information from the master transceiver to a slave transceiver, a slave transceiver to the master transceiver, and sending information from the master transceiver to the server by organizing a four-byte data frame, wherein in the first byte the building identifier is sent, encoded in ASCII; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify buildings, in the second byte the identifier of the space within the building is sent; the use of characters 0 to 31 is avoided, so that there are 224 possibilities to identify spaces within each building, in the third byte the states of the services are sent for the slave transceiver indicated in the first two bytes;A shift of 31 characters corresponding to two bits is used to avoid the control characters of the computer systems, so that in the remaining six bits of the third byte the status of up to six independent services connected to the slave transducer is sent directly, and in the fourth byte an end-of-string character is sent.

22. The method for managing electrical or electronic devices of claim 18, wherein each time a data frame is received by the master transceiver in the slave transceiver: i) a data frame is received by the master transceiver in the communication module of said master transceiver, wherein the data frame includes the identifier for the building, the identifier for the space in the building and the operation to be performed, which may be an indication of status update or a request for information; ii) the data frame is sent to the data input / output module for the slave transceiver; iii) the data input / output module sends the data frame to the decoder, where the data is interpreted according to the inter-transceiver communication protocol, and the data is temporarily stored in the microprocessor of the microcontroller;iv) If the identification data received from the master transceiver is different from the identification data stored in the slave transceiver, the procedure terminates without taking any further action; otherwise, it is verified whether the request is a status update or a request for information.

23. The method for managing electrical or electronic devices of claim 22, wherein when a request for information is made, the microprocessor of the slave transceiver sends the data concerning the states of the services connected to the slave transceiver to the encoder, where such data is organized using the communication protocol for distributed slave transceivers, the data being sent being the building identifier, the identifier for the building space and the state of the services connected to the slave transceiver, in addition the encoded data frame is sent to the data input and output module for the slave transceiver and the data input and output module sends the encoded data frame to the communication module of the master transceiver.

24. The procedure for managing electrical or electronic devices of claim 22, wherein if a status update is indicated in the services on the slave transceiver, the microprocessor sends the status update to the output port, to activate or deactivate the 5 relays that are required, depending on the information received from the master transceiver and the LEDs that correspond to the changes required by the master transceiver are turned on or off.

25. The procedure for managing electrical or electronic devices of claim 8, wherein the presence sensor continuously measures variations in infrared radiation.

26. The procedure for managing electrical or electronic devices of claim 25, wherein each time the presence sensor detects a variation, a pulse is sent to the microcontroller to reset the timer of said sensor.

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