SYNCHROPHASORIAL MONITORING SYSTEM FOR DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS

Abstract

The synchrophasor monitoring system for electrical power distribution networks of the present invention is based on synchrophasor measurement, which allows obtaining phasor values ​​at various points in the electrical network and ordering them according to a reliable and precise time stamp. The system allows managing and analyzing information on electrical variables of the distribution network, as well as performing data storage and real-time visualization tasks. The system has a module for querying recorded historical data, a real-time monitoring module, and an event detection module with tools that allow querying and graphical visualization of the synchrophasor data stored in the database, facilitating the analysis of load patterns or atypical events.

Description

SYNCHROPHASORIAL MONITORING SYSTEM FOR DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS. Field of invention. The present invention lies in the field of electrical power distribution networks; namely, in recent years distribution networks worldwide have been undergoing changes due to the integration of distributed generation in both the industrial and business sectors, so that in some cases surplus generation can be "sent" to the distribution network; power generation as well as distribution networks must be flexible, knowing that power generation no longer only occurs in large thermoelectric, geothermal, and nuclear plants, but now there are wind farms, solar farms, solar collectors for thermoelectric plants (steam generation is done by means of mirrors that direct sunlight to a collector that heats water), among other novel methods of generating electrical power;Some of these methods share the characteristic of being environmentally friendly by not emitting combustion gases, and they can also be reproduced on a small scale, that is, they can be placed in small spaces within a house, such as the roof, so that at a certain part of the day they will generate more energy than is consumed in the home, which is stored in battery banks, or can be made available or "injected" into the distribution network, thus causing a two-way energy generation as opposed to the unidirectional generation traditionally used;Consumer habits have also changed in recent years. It is evident that more people are now working from home, areas that previously had low electricity demand now experience high demand throughout the day. Meanwhile, demand in office areas has decreased. The global trend towards the increased use of electronic devices, including electric cars, must also be considered. These will test the generation and energy transfer capacity of distribution networks. To meet these and other challenges that will test the flexibility and robustness of the energy transmission system, methods, systems, equipment, and devices are required to monitor, acquire information, improve operation, automate, and control, enabling predictive maintenance and a rapid response to failures or incidents in the distribution network. P7AJ í\ñl77í\77E / YI Background of the invention. One study document is CN207473030U by Peng Junjie et al., which claims a real-time wide-area monitoring system comprising a plurality of synchrophasor measurement systems, a central monitoring and control system, a global positioning system (GPS), and a plurality of relays arranged on a high-voltage bus. The synchrophasor measurement system is used to obtain information from the electrical power distribution network and send it to the central monitoring and control system via Ethernet. The information is analyzed and processed in real time to determine the state of the electrical power distribution network, allowing for early warning of the system's condition.The aforementioned distribution network information includes circuit status information, synchrophasor measurement information, high-voltage bus relay information, and GPS information; the GPS information is used to transmit information via satellite from the synchrophasor measurement system and also provides the measurement system with a standard timestamp; the relays provide information on the status of the synchrophasor measurement system. Another study document is CN109298670A by Wang Zhihua et al., which claims a data acquisition device comprising a data acquisition module, a data processing module, and a data transmission module. The data acquisition module includes a transformer, a first sampling unit, a second sampling unit, and a high-speed sampling unit. The transformer is used to detect the target to be tested. The first and second sampling units are configured to perform signal sampling on the transformer, respectively collecting first and second samples. The data processing module includes a first calculation unit, a second calculation unit, and a communications handling unit.The first computing unit is connected to the first sampling unit, from which it acquires data for processing in order to obtain a first sampling value and initial general information; the second computing unit is connected to the second sampling unit, from which it acquires data for processing in order to obtain a second sampling, a second sampling value, and additional general information; the communications management unit is connected to the first and second computing units respectively, as well as to the high-speed sampling unit, the first sampling value, the second sampling value, and the pulse sampling performance analysis, thereby obtaining monitoring information of the target to be tested; the data transmission module includes: a first buffer unit, a second buffer unit, and a network buffer unit;The first buffer unit is connected to the first collection computing unit and sends the first general information received to the multi-source data fusion protection device and the multi-source data fusion security device;The second buffer unit is connected to the second collection calculation unit and sends the second received general information to the multi-source data fusion security device and the multi-source data fusion protection device. The multi-source data fusion security device performs stable control on the object under test, according to the first general information and the second universal information, and the multi-source data fusion protection device uses the first universal information and the second general information to perform protection control on the object under test;The network buffer unit is connected to the first collection computing unit, the second collection computing unit, and the communication management unit, and receives the first general information, the second universal information, and the monitoring information, which is sent to the multi-source data fusion automation device, so that the multi-source data fusion automation device acquires and broadcasts the first general information, the second universal information, and the monitoring information. P7RJ ί\ΠΙ77ί\77E / YI monitoring information according to the received information display instruction. Information corresponding to the information display instruction. Another study document is MX2013014501 A by Mital Gulabraikanabar a et al., which describes and illustrates a synchrophasor data management system (SDMS). The SDMS includes a synchrophasor processing system (SPS). The SPS includes a phasor data concentrator (PDC) configured to receive a first plurality of inputs from a first phasor measurement unit (PMU). The PDC transforms at least one of the first plurality of inputs into a first time-aligned output by time-aligning the input. The SPS also includes a virtual PMU configured to aggregate the first time-aligned output into a PMU data group. The SPS is configured to transmit the PMU data group to an external PDC, a super PDC, or a combination thereof. Another study document is US9673994B2 by Kanabar Mitalkumar et al., which describes and illustrates, in a first embodiment, a device in a wide-area monitoring system that includes a processor that initiates a synchronized command when an activation event is detected; a synchronized command manager that encodes a control command into the synchronized command, wherein the control command is based at least in part on the activation event; and an output controller that encodes a timestamp, an application ID, a scheduler time, a sender ID, and a receiver ID into the synchronized command, and to generate the synchronized command to enable the sending of the synchronized command to a second device in the wide-area monitoring.A second modality describes a tangible, non-transient, computer-readable medium that stores a plurality of instructions executable by a processor of an electronic device in a wide-area monitoring system.The instructions include instructions for receiving a synchronized command from the wide-area monitoring system through a network interface, wherein the synchronized command is synchronized to a global clock by means of a timestamp encoded in the synchronized command; accepting or rejecting the synchronized command with an input controller based at least in part on a sender ID and a receiver ID encoded in the synchronized command; scheduling the execution of a control command encoded in the synchronized command with a synchronized command manager based, at least in part, on a time scheduler encoded in the synchronized command; and executing the control command encoded in the synchronized command with the processor based at least in part on an application ID encoded in the synchronized command.A third embodiment describes a device in a wide-area monitoring system that includes a synchrophasor measurement unit that generates synchrophasor datasets based, at least in part, on measurements collected by power equipment coupled to the device. The device further includes a synchrophasor data file that stores a generated synchrophasor dataset and a configuration of the synchrophasor measurement unit corresponding to the time the synchrophasor dataset was generated, and that retrieves and sends the stored synchrophasor dataset and configuration to the synchrophasor measurement unit in response to a data retrieval control command, in which the data retrieval control command identifies the stored synchrophasor dataset. Another study document is US10191094B2 by Yao Wenxuan et al., which illustrates and describes a modality in which a synchrophasor measurement method is provided for a device configured to perform synchronized measurements in a power system.The synchrophasor measurement method includes receiving GPS-synchronized samples of a signal detected by the device from the power system; determining a signal distortion level; selecting, based on the distortion level, a calculation method, the calculation method being one of an enhanced zero-crossing (IZC) method or an enhanced phase-locked loop (EPLL) method; performing the selected calculation method to determine at least one signal parameter at a notification frequency, which is at least twice the power system line frequency; and transmitting, at the notification frequency, the at least one parameter to a power system operator to enable the operator to perform at least one monitoring and control of at least one element of the power system. Another embodiment of the present description provides an electronic device for a power system.The electronic device comprises a sensor, a GPS receiver, one or more processors, and storage instructions adapted to be executed by one or more processors to perform the synchrophasor measurement method. Another study document is CN109298670A by Wang Zhihua et al., which claims a multi-source data fusion acquisition device, characterized in that the device comprises: an information acquisition module, an information processing module, and an information transmission module. The information acquisition module includes: a transformer group, a first sampling unit, a second sampling unit, and a high-speed sampling unit, wherein the transformer group is used to detect the target to be measured; the first sampling unit and the second sampling unit are respectively used to perform signal sampling in the transformer group and acquire the first sampling data and the second sampling data, respectively; the high-speed sampling unit is used to sample the pulse signal of the target to be measured to obtain pulse sampling data.The information processing module includes: a first collection and calculation unit, a second collection and calculation unit, and a communications management unit, wherein the first acquisition and calculation unit, connected to the first sampling unit, acquires the first sampling data, and collects and processes the first sampling data to obtain the first sampling value and the first general information; the second acquisition and calculation unit, connected to the second sampling unit, acquires the second sampling data and collects and processes the second sampling data to obtain the second sampling value and the second general information;The communications management unit is connected respectively to the first collection and calculation unit, the second collection and calculation unit, and the high-speed sampling unit, and receives the first sampling value, the second sampling value, and the received sampling value, in the pulse sampling data respectively to obtain the tracking information of the target to be measured; the information transmission module includes: a first buffer unit, a second buffer unit, and a network buffer unit, where the first buffer unit is connected to the first acquisition and calculation unit, and sends the first general information received to the multi-source data fusion protection device and the multi-source data fusion stabilization device;The second buffer unit is connected to the second acquisition and calculation unit, and sends the second received general information to the multi-source data fusion stabilization device and the multi-source data fusion protection device, thus enabling the entire multi-source data fusion stabilization system to perform stable control over the target to be measured based on the first and second general information. This allows the multi-source data fusion protection device to perform stable control based on the first and second general information. The general information then performs protective control over the target to be measured.The network buffer unit is connected to the first collection and calculation unit, the second collection and calculation unit, and the communication management unit. It stores the first received general information, the second general information, and the monitoring information, which is sent to the multi-source data fusion automation device. This allows the multi-source data fusion automation device to obtain and output the first general information, the second general information, and the monitoring information according to the received information display instruction. Another study document is US9330563B2 by Geoffrey B. Rhoads et al.which claims a method comprising: in an interconnection of a distributed generator to an electric network, marking an event with a free-running clock operating at 100 kHz or more, thereby providing a time reference, said event being marked by a zero crossing of an AC power signal produced by said generator, a transmission of a data packet, or a reception of a data packet; establishing a time relationship between the time reference in the interconnection and a time reference associated with the electric network; based on the timing relationship, correlating a first power line measurement in the interconnection with a corresponding second power line measurement from the electric network; detecting a deviation from the first and second power line measurements, and in response to the detection of a deviation exceeding a threshold, triggering interconnection management in the interconnection. Another study document is MX2014001187 A by Nicholas C. Seeley, which describes and illustrates a system for managing an electric power generation and distribution system consisting of a plurality of generators configured to provide distributed electric power generation to the electric power generation and distribution system; and a plurality of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), each IED of the plurality of IEDs being communicatively connected to at least one generator of the plurality of generators, wherein each IED of the plurality of IEDs is configured to control the speed of at least one generator of the plurality of generators based on timing information received from at least one other IED of the plurality of IEDs and a common timing signal. As can be seen from the above, there is a market and state-of-the-art need for a real-time wide-area monitoring system for distribution networks; with which information on electrical variables of the distribution network can be analyzed and processed, and in turn, information storage and real-time visualization tasks can be carried out, which also has an application for querying historical data recorded on a storage server to analyze load patterns or atypical events that can also be consulted or analyzed offline. Brief description. The process is a real-time, wide-area monitoring system for distribution networks; it belongs to the technical field of electrical network monitoring. The monitoring system, based on synchrophasor measurement, is designed to manage and analyze electrical variable information from the distribution network, as well as perform data storage and real-time visualization. The system includes a module for querying historical data recorded on a storage server to analyze load patterns or atypical events.To analyze recorded abnormal events offline, an event detection module was developed capable of detecting behaviors that exceed a measurement threshold, which are presented through data tables; the system also allows the analysis of load patterns or atypical events, analysis and detection of recorded abnormal events, variations in the voltage and frequency profile, calculating the rates of change of voltage (ROCOV) and rate of change of frequency (ROCOF). Brief description of the drawings Figure 1 shows a schematic of the interconnection of the synchrophasor measurement system. Figure 2 illustrates the functional block diagram of a PMU Figure 3 is a phasor representation of equation 2. Figure 4 illustrates a block diagram of the system of the present invention. í\ñl77í\77E / YI Figure 5 shows a flowchart detailing the system blocks of the present invention. Figure 6 shows the order of the columns of the data packet or frame sent by the PMU to the PDC. Figure 7 shows the order of the columns of the sorted data packages within the PDC database. Figure 8 shows the ROCOF rate of change of frequency values ​​for a first illustrative event. Figure 9 shows the ROCOV voltage rate of change values ​​for a first illustrative event. Figure 10 shows a graph of an illustrative post-mortem analysis. Figure 11 shows different graphs that can be built with data retrieved using the Historical Query module. Figure 12 shows different phasor graphs that can be displayed in a remote user interface with data retrieved using the Historical Query module. Figure 13 Electrical network diagram and equipment layout (example). Figure 14 shows the ROCOF rate of change of frequency values ​​for a second illustrative event. Figure 15 shows the ROCOV voltage rate of change values ​​for a second illustrative event. Detailed description of the invention Alterations to the structure described herein may be foreseen by those knowledgeable in the field. However, it should be understood that this description relates to preferred embodiments of the invention, is for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. The description provides illustrative examples of various aspects and embodiments of the present invention and is intended to provide a general overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claimed aspects and embodiments. The accompanying figures are included to provide further illustration and understanding of the different aspects and embodiments and are incorporated into, and form a part of, this specification. The figures, together with the description, serve to explain the described and claimed aspects and embodiments. Certain terms, the scope of which is limited to this document, are defined below. QZR / nn / zznz / R / Yi Approximately. - The use of this term provides a certain additional range with respect to the numerical value to which it is being applied. This additional range is ± 10%. For example, but not limited to, if "approximately 40 cm" is stated, the exact range being described and / or claimed is between 36 cm and 44 cm. Plurality. - Two or more elements of the same kind; multitude, large number of some things, or the greatest number of them. PDC (Phasor Data Concentrator). This is understood as an electronic computing device with communication, temporary storage and data processing capabilities that collects or receives phasor data from at least one PMU as well as other PDCs, in order to transmit it to a storage server, or some other equipment capable of receiving and safeguarding the synchrophasor data packets.The PDC has a buffer or volatile memory that allows it to temporarily store a certain volume of synchrophasor data packets, but it does not permanently store or back them up. The PDC sorts the synchrophasor data packets according to their timestamp and origin, labeling them with a number or code that identifies the PMU from which they originate. It is also responsible for verifying the quality and integrity of the data packets it receives, as well as maintaining synchronization with PMUs and other PDCs, among other functions. A buffer, or volatile memory, is found in some computer or electronic equipment designed for data acquisition, handling, backup, and transfer. It is understood as a memory with a limited capacity that discards older data as new data arrives, so data is only stored momentarily. Storage Server. A computer with hardware and software dedicated to the storage, processing, and protection of data, hosting and safeguarding one or more databases and providing related services thanks to its connection capabilities with other computers. Database. This refers to the collection and organization of data stored on an electronic medium (storage server) with data control and management tools. Data. For the purposes of the present invention, these are the synchrophasor measurement information packets that have been backed up in the storage server database or the synchrophasor data packets that are in the PDC buffer. Communication interface, connection, or communication. The means used to enable two or more computer or electronic devices to communicate both unidirectionally and bidirectionally, and therefore be able to send and receive information or data between them; such means can be wired or wireless, and use various communication protocols known in the field. GPS. Global Positioning System. It is a service owned by the United States of America, which provides users with information on positioning, navigation and timekeeping; the latter being of interest to the present invention, namely, that GPS provides an accurate and reliable timestamp regardless of the geographical location of the equipment, GPS timekeeping is also used by satellite synchronization clocks. pzAvnn / zznz / e / Yi Router, switch, or hub. Electronic communication devices whose function is to interconnect different computer equipment or electronic equipment with communication capabilities; depending on the model and characteristics, these may be able to interconnect with local area networks (LANs) or public external networks (the internet), and may incorporate security technologies such as firewalls, as well as wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi) data transmission and reception means. Remote computing equipment or remote computing device. For the purposes of the present invention, this refers to a computing device, computer, tablet, smartphone, among others, capable of establishing communication with other computing devices, particularly with the storage server of the present invention. VPN (Virtual Private Network), a virtual private network, is a private or "secure" connection used over public external networks (the internet), using encryption and encryption techniques for sending and receiving information and data. User interface. It is a means by which a human can interact with a machine. For the purposes of the present invention, the user interface comprises a screen and keyboard or panel or console, or a touch screen, among others, where data that has been graphed or displayed coherently by means of software or an application is shown so that the user can understand, analyze, study, and, where appropriate, interact with the different equipment that comprises the present invention. Figures 1 to 15 are used interchangeably in this description. Basic concepts: A phasor is a complex number that represents the amplitude and phase of a sinusoidal signal. Therefore, it is a simple and effective tool for analyzing linear circuits excited by sinusoidal sources, since solving using differential equations would complicate the analysis of alternating current circuits. Considering a sinusoidal signal described by equation (1) X(t)=Xmcos(wt+$) ...(1) Where ω is the signal frequency in radians per second, Φ the phase angle in radians, Xm being the peak amplitude of the signal, its RMS value being defined as XmN2; a phasor representation of equation 2 and figure 3 X=Xm^2(cos T>+ / sin <j>)= Xr+jXi ...(2) The main methods for calculating phasors can be classified into two large groups: non-recursive algorithms and recursive algorithms. Non-recursive algorithms are those in which the solution to the problem is not expressed in terms of itself; among the main algorithms of this type are: • Trigonometric algorithms. The phasor estimation process of trigonometric algorithms is done from signals with durations of fractions of a cycle, so that only 2 to 3 voltage and current samples are captured per cycle; on the other hand, it must be considered that the input signal must be of a sinusoidal type at a fundamental frequency and there must be no variation. • Non-trigonometric algorithms. They have the following characteristics: a. Short sampling windows. b. Rapid transient responses. c. Minimum number of calculations. As examples, we can mention: Miki & Mikano: 2 samples of the input signal and constant sampling time. Mann & Morrison: 3 samples of the input signal. Rockefeller & Udren: 3 samples of the input signal. Gilbert & Shovlin: 3 samples of the input signal. • Algorithms based on least squares: As we may recall, least squares refers to a mathematical optimization technique that, given a series of measurements, finds a function that approximates the data. This represents an advantage because it has a fast response to transients, requires fewer calculations, but can present problems with harmonics, and its accuracy depends on the number of samples. Recursive algorithms are considered to be those that are based directly or indirectly on themselves, among which we can mention the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), it being known in the field that phasor meters (PMU 10) use the recursive algorithm of the DFT for the calculation of the phasor, with the DFT the calculations can be done recursively, that is to say that in each acquisition the calculation of the phasor can be done. Among the different methods for calculating the frequency of a system, the following can be mentioned as examples: P7AJ ί\ΠΙ77ί\77Ε / ΥΙΛΙ i. DFT algorithm for frequency calculation: With the DFT, the real and imaginary values ​​of the resulting phasor are obtained; the frequency can be calculated by performing iterations with different factors. ii. Fast Fourier Transform for Frequency Calculation: This exploits the symmetry properties of the discrete-time complex exponential to reduce the number of multiplications. To evaluate a discrete Fourier transform with N samples, the FFT algorithm finds its efficiency when N is a power of 2; however, it suffers from runtime issues. iii. Calculation of the frequency by zero crossing: This consists of detecting a zero crossing with a negative slope and from that moment counting the number Transmission and distribution networks It is a well-known fact that the transmission and distribution network in our country has suffered neglect, in terms of incorporating new technologies that would allow it to operate with fewer losses and downtimes. Users have experienced "blackouts" which, to be repaired, require them to contact the CFE (Federal Electricity Commission) so that they can send someone to inspect the problem, assess it, and request the necessary equipment for its repair. These downtimes and inconveniences are sometimes caused by transformers or other equipment in the distribution network.Added to this problem is distributed generation, which includes "self-generation," referring to small or medium-sized power plants, whether generators in homes, factories, or farms, generally using renewable energy sources (primarily hydroelectric, wind, or solar) that in some cases are connected to the distribution network, generating the phenomenon of bidirectional load in energy transmission systems;If we also consider power factors in electricity consumption, such as reactive loads, in addition to loads with high harmonic distortion content, along with other power quality problems that have a direct impact on phasor measurement, we find that the distribution network is under a great stress for which it was not designed. Looking back, in the middle of the last century, we had no idea of ​​many of the electrical and electronic devices that would be connected, much less that one day we would have the tendency to arrive and recharge the vehicle with which we would go to work the next day; this being a large consumer;These technological advances have changed people's behavior, creating new consumption habits, which directly impact the electrical grid (generation, transmission and distribution), as there are more devices consuming energy, whether in factories, offices or at home, which is constantly testing the limits of said electrical grid. P7RJ í\ñl77í\77E / YILI To alleviate these problems, it is necessary to implement the electrical network. One effort in this regard is the change of electric flow meters from analog to digital (smart or bidirectional meters), which can send data on consumption and network conditions, as well as being able to enable or cut off the supply of electric flow to the user, among other benefits;However, at specific points in the transmission and distribution stages, the installation of phasor measurement units (PMUs) is required. This allows for the acquisition of data on the state of the electrical network with a view to proposing new applications for the operation of the distribution network. These applications enable the monitoring of the operational status of the distribution network, the performance of preventive maintenance to avoid failures, or, in the event of a failure, the identification of the events, as well as the area or equipment involved. This allows maintenance teams to be dispatched to a specific point in the network with the necessary equipment and tools, so that immediate action can be taken without having to wait for a user to report it. Thus, the present invention presents a solution to this problem, helping to have a better operation or operational control of the electrical network in its transmission and distribution stages, anticipating problems or failures in the network, having data for immediate analysis and decision making, in addition to the fact that the data generated is backed up for later study. Figure 1 shows an interconnection scheme of the synchrophasor measurement system of the present invention where the Phasor Measurement Units 10 (PMUs) are arranged at various points of the distribution network, that is, near the final consumption point. It is desirable to place the PMUs 10 at the nodes of the distribution network, such as at the output of the generating plant, at the output of the substations, at the output of the transformers, on the branches or splits to other branches. In a preferred configuration, the PMUs 10 are arranged in the distribution transformers that we commonly see on poles in the street or that are at ground level inside a casing or even in some cases are hidden; they can also be placed in the generation stage right at the output of the generators, at the output of the compensators, at the output of the battery bank, among others;As previously mentioned, in an alternative configuration, PMUs 10 can be located at the output of substations. This is advantageous because, unlike service transformers, substations already have communication and control systems, thus simplifying installation, power supply, and communication connections. In another alternative configuration, PMUs 10 can be located at the output of power generators within the energy distribution network, or even at the input node of a consumer whose facilities are equipped with a power generator, such as a building, house, factory, etc. Placing a PMU 10 at these locations would allow for monitoring the direction and quality of the electrical flow delivered by the distributed generator. In any configuration, a given PMU 10 must be associated with all three phases, that is, it is part of a three-phase system. A PMU 10, for the purposes of the present invention, is understood as a synchrophasor measuring device whose purpose is to measure phasors, voltage and current at a given instant in time; this is achieved by taking current and voltage samples in each phase at a given instant in time, where said samples are transduced into a digital signal with a referenced timestamp obtained from a clock that synchronizes all the PMU 10s, which may be embedded in a global positioning system (GPS).or in an alternative mode, a satellite synchronization clock, or in another mode, an internal clock that can guarantee synchronization with other PMU 10s; in either mode, the PMU 10 is capable of being synchronized with a time reference before being placed in the field; the objective is to obtain digital measurements of both voltage and current of one phase of the electrical distribution network with a timestamp referenced to that of the other PMU 10s that make up the system; in a preferred mode, this data can be transmitted to a control center or data collection center (database) where it can be processed and converted into phasors by different methods, so that magnitudes, voltage and current angles, frequency, and rate of frequency change can be obtained.Among other data of interest. In an alternative mode, the PMU 10 itself collects and converts voltage and current values ​​to digital values ​​(via an analog-to-digital transducer 24). These digital values ​​are then processed by the microprocessor 28 integrated into the PMU, which converts these timestamped digital current and voltage values ​​into phasors with a referenced (synchronized) time stamp. As previously mentioned, the timestamp can be performed by the PMU 10's internal clock, which has been previously synchronized, or by means of a GPS system clock 20, which allows for constant time synchronization. It is evident that the GPS system 20 provides a reliable timestamp, as GPS receivers 20 are referenced to a single time source. Figure 2 illustrates the schematic of a PMU 10 used in the present invention, which consists of a GPS receiver 20, a phase-locked oscillator 22, an analog-to-digital converter or transducer 24, a high-frequency noise filter 26, a microprocessor 28, and a communication interface 30. The GPS receiver 20 provides a "universal" time reference for all PMUs 10 in the system, and it also provides the location of the PMU 10 in question. The phase-locked oscillator 22 keeps the output signal locked to a reference signal. The analog-to-digital converter or transducer 24 converts the voltage or current measurement obtained from each phase into a digital signal that can be received and interpreted by a microprocessor.The high-frequency noise filter 26 attenuates noise on the transmission line or phase before current or voltage sampling or measurement. The communication interface 30 transmits the data collected or processed by the microprocessor 28 to the PDC 12 (Phasor Data Concentrator), and receives control instructions from the PDC 12. The PDC 12 collects data from the various PMUs 10 distributed throughout the network. For information transmission, the PMUs 10 are listed in the PDC 12's memory. Each PMU 10 sends information to the PDC 12 in a predetermined order, preventing the collapse of the transmission and reception of phasor data packets processed by the PMU 10 or, where applicable, synchrophasor data (Voltage, Current, ROCOF, Timestamp (UTC), etc.). The IEEE C37.118-2011 standard is used for the transmission and reception of information from the PMUs 10 to the PDC 12. Returning to Figure 1, the PDC 12 is responsible for managing the final disposition of synchrophasor data through the use of a relational database. Thus, PDC 12, where data handling or management is carried out in order to condition the synchrophasor information for its subsequent backup on the storage server 14, enables its use in data analysis applications, such as offline and post-mortem analysis. This is made possible by the data management and handling of PDC12, thereby organizing the database hosted on the storage server 14. The present invention is provided with a modular system consisting of the following functions: querying historical data stored on the dedicated storage server 14, eliminating duplicate data, interpolation for data loss, filtering signals with a high noise component, calculating indirect parameters, and subsampling data.Storage Server 14, by connecting to a local area network (LAN), a public external network ("internet"), or a virtual private network (VPN) via WiFi, Ethernet, or other means, facilitates bidirectional data transfer with a remote computer. This enables users to view, search, query, and retrieve information from the database using a remote computer connected to Storage Server 14. Examples of this information include the status of the various PMLTs 10, data obtained from the PMUs 10, and graphs or visual aids (e.g., time series and phasor diagrams) that allow users to visualize the behavior of synchrophasor measurements. Meanwhile, the PDC 12 performs detection tasks by monitoring the data obtained and processed from the PMUs 10, analyzing the ROCOV and ROCOF rates of change of voltage and frequency.The data stored on Storage Server 14 can be accessed via an SFTP protocol. As can be seen from figures 4, 5, the synchrophasor monitoring system of the present invention comprises a method for acquiring data collected by the PMU 10, which consists of the following steps: block 31 PDC-PMU Connection, at this point communication is established between the PMU 10 and the PDC12 (server-client respectively) using preferably the TCP / IP protocol and makes requests by means of commands defined in the IEEE C37.118-2011 standard.Once communication is established between PMU10 and PDC12, a check is performed to ensure there are no communication errors. If an error is found, block 37 is activated, disconnecting or turning off communication between PMU10 and PDC12 and sending an alert to the user interface. If there are no errors or problems with communication between PMU10 and PDC12, block 32, Frame Integrity, is activated. In this block, the data sent by PMU10 and received by PDC12 is verified to ensure that the frame or data packets are complete, free of errors, and coherent. Data accuracy and reliability are crucial, as actions or decisions will be made based on this data. For this purpose, the data is verified using a CRC-CCIT algorithm. Next, the data frame or packet in the PDC12 is sectioned, identified, and labeled for transfer to the buffer or temporary memory of the PDC12 itself.Once the data is transferred to the PDC12's buffer or temporary memory, it proceeds to block 34. Here, the data is conditioned, identifying the phasor data with its timestamp. This allows for the removal of duplicate data, ordering it according to its timestamp and the identification code or ID of PMU 10, locating time ranges without a phasor reading, and filtering the signal to eliminate data that may be the product of noise or erroneous readings (curve smoothing). Once these activities are completed, the data is permanently backed up to the hard drive or non-volatile memory of storage server 14 in a database created for this purpose. Block 36 analyzes the data already stored in the database of storage server 14, searching for disturbances or transient events, which may trigger alerts and determine the feasibility of recovering the information for analysis.The Historical Query module 35 has a database structure in which searches can be performed and data packages extracted within specified time ranges. The data is extracted and exported in CSV files, which are compatible with data processing programs such as Excel, allowing for easy manipulation and the generation of graphs. Focusing our attention on block 31 of the PDC-PML Connection, as illustrated in Figure 5, once PMU 10 begins collecting current, voltage, and time readings, it starts calculating phasors, as well as ROCOF values, and printing the timestamp. PMU 10 itself generates a data packet or frame for each data reading at a specific point in time. This data packet or frame, as shown in Figure 6, is a small matrix, preferably 1 row by 10 columns, containing the following values: the first column contains a synchronization word or "SYNC", the second column stores the total number of bytes in the data packet, the third column stores the number assigned to the PMU 10 from which the data packet is being processed, the fourth column is for the timestamp, and the fifth column records the fraction of a second and the number of bytes assigned for the time mantissa.The sixth column contains a sequential number that identifies the data packet; the seventh column contains the phasor value; the eighth column stores the phasor values, frequency, ROCOF, analog and digital outputs, which may include: analog values ​​from the voltage and current sensor, analog temperature values, digital values ​​from the various switches of the PMU 10, as well as the connection status with another device or peripheral; and the tenth column reserves the error control value of the CRC ("Cyclic Redundancy Check") algorithm for data transmission. Once the complete data packet is available, the PMU 10 is ready to connect to the PDC 12. For this purpose, the present invention preferably uses a TCP / IP protocol, which guarantees bidirectional point-to-point connection as well as data transfer.Due to its data traffic management controls and data retransmission when data does not arrive in chronological order or is corrupted; in an alternative mode, other types of protocols or connections can be used, which can be open or closed loop, such as UDP (User Datagram Protocol), spontaneous communication, command-based communication, PMU-ordered communication, time-based communication, among others. Data transmission can also be wired or wireless using media known in the field such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, radio frequency, or via cellular networks (3G, 4G, 5G).among others); in a preferred configuration, PMU 10 may be equipped with a transmission module comprising an antenna that sends data to a switch or router, which will have a dedicated port or socket for each PMU 10. This will prevent data collisions and improve data traffic. In an alternative configuration, the switch or router can be omitted, and PMU 10 can send data directly to PDC 12, either via wired or wireless connection (point-to-point). In this configuration, PDC 12 must be equipped with a protocol that guarantees communication and ensures the safe handling of data traffic from PMU 10, preventing contention and packet loss. Now then,In the preferred mode, a port or "socket" of the "switch" or router is assigned or "registered" to each PMU 10, and as previously mentioned, the TCP / IP communication protocol is used by means of commands defined in the IEEE C37.118-2011 standard, which is illustrated schematically in block 31 of figure 5 and is described here as if it were inserted verbatim. Once communication is established and it has been verified that there are no communication errors between PMUs 10 and PDC 12 through the "switch" or router, we proceed to block 32 of Frame Integrity. This is where it is verified that the data packet or frame is complete, does not contain erroneous data, and has not been corrupted by any problem or error in the transmission of data from PMU 10 to PDC 12;For this, a redundant verification code CRC ("Cyclic Redundancy Check") is used, which allows us to know if the data packet has arrived complete and without errors to the "buffer" or temporary memory of PDC 12. If not, the data packet is discarded and its resending to PMU 10 is required by means of the TCP / IP protocol of block 31. If affirmative, that is, that it has been verified that the data packet has arrived complete to the "buffer" or temporary memory of PDC 12, we proceed to block 33 of Defragmentation and frame decoding, where the packets or frames of data encoded for their transmission are decoded in order to generate the cells of each value in the database, which in a preferred mode are: timestamp, voltage phasors, current, frequency, ROCOF value;Depending on the needs of the user or specific synchrophasor monitoring system, these or other values ​​can be collected by the PMU 10 and stored in the PDC 12 database. The data management block 34 is dedicated to the management of the database in the PDC 12. Once the data packets from the PMUs 10 have been verified and backed up in the database of the PDC 12, the data packets are reviewed again. It should be noted that although the methodology proposed and used in the present invention provides information on losses and manages data as well as errors in the data packets during transmission, such data losses and errors exist, especially considering the high volume of data handled, coupled with the fact that the transmission of the data packets is exposed to environmental factors that can cause noise in the transmission, interruption of the transmission, loss of data, among others;Therefore, it is necessary to condition the data packets to ensure high data reliability, remembering that this data will not only be stored in the database but will also be used later for analysis, decision-making, predictive maintenance of the electrical transmission network, forecasting of events in the electrical transmission network, and analysis of events after they have occurred in order to identify their causes and take measures to prevent them in the future, among other studies or analyses that require reliable transmission network information. Thus, to meet these objectives, the information from the PMUs 10, backed up in the PDC 12 database, undergoes a conditioning process based on two modules;In the first module, duplicate data packets are removed. This is achieved by scanning or searching the timestamps of each data packet stored in the PDC 12 database. If two or more data packets with the same timestamp are found, the duplicates are removed. In the second module, once the PDC 12 database is free of duplicate data, another scan is performed based on the timestamps of the data packets to find inconsistencies or "jumps" between timestamps. This means that there is a gap or time range greater than a permitted gap or range (for example, the permitted gap or range can be approximately between 0.5 seconds and 0.01 seconds, depending on the desired data precision and the storage capacity available on the PDC 12).However, if these "jumps" are found between contiguous data packets, it may mean that one or more data packets have been lost during the transmission of data packets between PMUs 10 and PDC 12. This can be resolved using a linear interpolation technique between contiguous data packets in which the "jump" is found or whose allowed time range between timestamps in the data packets is greater than the allowed range. The data variables to be interpolated are the timestamps, which are missing depending on the allowed range between timestamps, the phasor value, frequency, ROCOF, analog and digital outputs for each PMU 10; thus completing the values ​​that would be missing in the PDC 12 database, which are now backed up in said database. Once the data packets have been backed up in PDC 12 after the removal of duplicates, the interpolation of faulty data, and, where applicable, the smoothing of the phasor signal reported by the PMUs 10, it can be stated with little fear of being wrong that the database managed in module 34 is highly reliable. As a next step, we focus on the detection of events for study. It is evident that it would be extremely tedious to have to observe an infinite number of numbers trying to notice any data packet that contains data outside the "normal," that is, that could contain an event such as a sudden current surge, a voltage drop, an interruption in the power supply in some branch of the transmission system, variations in frequency, among other similar events.One possible solution to this problem is to graph the phasors reported by each PMU 10 and analyze their signal. It's important to remember that the amount of information is enormous, and more data arrives every second, so our visualization capacity is much slower than the rate at which new data packets arrive from the PMU 10. Therefore, we have to use other types of tools, such as the one proposed in the present invention, which is based on a constant analysis of the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) as well as the rate of change of voltage (ROCOV), which is calculated with the line voltage data reported by the PMU 10, according to the following equation: ROCOV= (iV(t) (it P7AJ í\ñl77í\77E / YI Where from: ROCOV: Rate of change of voltage with respect to time. V: Voltage t: Time Thus, for the detection of anomalies such as atypical voltages or currents, instead of having reference values ​​in a tolerance band for voltage and frequency values, there is a tolerance band with reference values ​​for the rates of change of frequency and voltage (ROCOF, ROCOV respectively). In an alternative approach, the tolerance band for the ROCOF and ROCOV values ​​can be obtained from the analysis of the phasor signal of each PMU 10. This allows for the statistical determination of the "normal" values ​​of the ROCOF and ROCOV rates of change for that specific branch of the transmission network being monitored by each PMU 10. In this way, the "window" or range of the tolerance band can be adjusted, and new maximum and minimum reference values ​​for the ROCOF and ROCOV rates of change can be dynamically, automatically, and routinely assigned for each PMU 10.In any case, once the tolerance band is established with its maximum and minimum ROCOF, ROCOV values ​​for each PMU, the values ​​of these change rates are compared in the database backed up in the buffer of PDC 12, sending alarms to the user when ROCOF, ROCOV change rate values ​​are found outside the tolerance range, also backing up in a database of anomalous records the alarm on the storage server 14 the data packets found outside the tolerance range of the ROCOF, ROCOV change rates, for later analysis. In the Historical Data Query block 35, it is possible to connect a remote computer to the storage server to perform searches, queries, or extract and export saved data from the database backed up on storage server 14, as well as from the anomalous database, also backed up on storage server 14. Data searches or queries can be performed by subsampling, based on a specific time period, or any other variable such as ROCOF and ROCOV values, voltage and current phasors, frequency, PMU 10 in particular, etc. Data packets that match the search criteria (for example, ranges of maximum or minimum values, by time range, etc.) will be retrieved.The data can be exported to a remote computer in a CSV file, allowing for subsequent manipulation such as graphical visualization, calculation of indirect variables like voltages, voltage and current sequence components (positive, negative, and zero sequence), power factor, active power, reactive power, apparent power per phase and total, among others. Data can also be subsampled for later export to the remote computer. This subsampling is specifically performed for event detection or situational awareness of the system. It involves generating time series for each signal, reducing the reporting rate from ten frames per second to, for example, one frame per minute. This reduction through subsampling generates three time series per signal: average, minimum, and maximum values ​​for the new time interval.This technique allows for a considerable reduction in the volume of information under analysis without losing the relevant content of the signal. In one. P7AJ ί\ΠΙ77ί\77E / YΙΛΙ preferred alternative mode once the data volume has been reduced by subsampling the remote computing equipment, proceeds to smooth the original signal, that is, if we graph based on the timestamp the phasor data reduced by subsampling of each PMU 10 backed up in the database of the storage server 14 we would obtain a plurality of graphs of the phasors at different points of the transmission network where the PMU's 10 are located, these graphs of the phasor represent the phasor signal of a certain PMU 10 at an instant of time; remembering and taking into account that the data volume has been reduced by way of subsampling a smoothing process of the synchrophasor signal reported by the PMU's 10 is required;In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the smoothing process uses the Savitzky-Golay filter, which has proven to be very effective in reducing noise in high-frequency oscillation signals. If the noise detected in the phasor signal reported by the PMUs 10 is not significant, this module can be omitted. If the Savitzky-Golay filter has been used to smooth the phasor signal reported by the PMUs 10, the data of said smoothed signal is backed up on the remote query equipment connected to the storage server 14. If the data is discarded once the user has finished their study and analysis, the data of said smoothed signal is NOT backed up in the database of the storage server 14 because this could cause data loss or a loss of data fidelity. In the Real-time Monitoring block 38, it is possible to view the data backed up in the database of storage server 14, having a remote computer in communication with it; the remote computer can query and, if necessary, export the data in real time as it arrives at the database of storage server 14; in a preferred mode, the queried data is displayed on the screen or user interface of the remote computer;In an alternative mode, the query data is exported to the remote computer. Once the data is exported from the storage server 14 database to the remote computer, it is displayed on the remote computer's screen or user interface. To facilitate observation and analysis of this data, a user interface like the one shown in Figure 12 can be used, where certain data of interest can be presented graphically. In another alternative mode, the last lines or rows of the database can be displayed on a screen. In either case, the data displayed in the user interface is permanent and is therefore not backed up in the storage server 14 database or on the remote query computer. Example I: In one scenario, data from a distribution network is illustrated in Figure 13, where, as an example, abnormal or out-of-steady-state data indicating an event are shown. Due to the high volume of data, only representative samples from a specific time range of data from a single PMU 10 located in the network used in this example will be used. The aforementioned PMU 10 in this example is located in one of the P7AJ í\ñl77í\7' / e / YI radial outputs in medium voltage of a through electrical substation, a sample of the values ​​obtained by the PMU 10 are shown in Table 1: PA[W] QA [VAR] SA [VA] PB [W] QB [VAR] SB[VA] PC [W] QC [VAR] SC [VA] 11491.5308 12009.40606 11693.3962 11661.70243 11822.47017 11826.06163 11830.34169 11773.9746 11643.45548 11355.59393 12322.48121 12293.49824 11377.16148 10572.17467 10242.68839 10315.91768 10400.0855 10224.11254 10469.60683 10441.50097 10261.29457 10050.97739 •4004.28542 -3669.558 •4068.58318 -4922.32946 -5366.36114 -5406.94344 -5577.8319 -5932.73396 -6119.45271 •6145.94332 •6097.59886 -6272.2623 •6377.25437 •6155.15054 -5740.07056 -5418.01008 -4964.45569 -4972.05238 -4656.81966 -4453.22042 •4346.13151 •4443.09531 12201.60094 12566.79182 12424.13531 12744.4236 13058.71934 13050.56392 13110.64104 13230.95531 1322S.26163 13437.95933 13313.47145 13861.72575 13103.09431 12286.74719 11791.28174 11688.99843 11582.10962 11448.524 11557.85329 11458.62325 11237.7897 11077.52281 12888.43902 11658.04281 11313.65816 11493.81292 12015.433 12492.57314 12835.19245 13199.67312 13441.48578 13470.93904 13829.84854 14036.49704 14403.56158 14289.61691 14019.73977 14101.79001 14117.24177 13917.87099 14455.86051 14425.70297 13902.33714 13185.99408 2752.47982 13197.97598 14928.02103 -2331.45676 11918.54763 14313.48666 •2323.97658 11580.8203 14385.5573 -2485.07666 11777.45565 14232.61451 -2167.12922 12249.29906 13694.75817 -1712.43496 12666.91534 13062.9722 -1620.55474 12993.14565 12704.92759 -1987.9474 13415.41172 12909.71529 -2413.04221 13705.77267 13051.93543 -2534.41336 13757.0421 13057.29648 -2640.84353 14144.18838 12971.18578 •2959.56608 14405.57098 13150.99316 •3313.06608 14826.57544 13259.08492 •3441.96739 14736.55189 13438.25178 -38S1.47266 14588.1584 13291.92535 -4143.33843 14748.3829 13458.52125 -4378.4413 14822.14623 13515.46226 -4379.69332 14629.55215 13735.45527 -4467.79181 15160.78379 13744.18944 -4258.9192 15075.95153 13964.67595 -3853.39232 14452.91843 14219.99742 -3666.38341 13718.33521 14523.25603 -6329.79725 -6199.02615 -5954.50212 -6205.81752 -6477.38117 -6307.68576 -5633.22124 -4859.05621 -4720.9663 -4523.10275 -4495.18657 -4140.19548 -3933.24604 -4053.43968 -4005.33733 -3814.46383 -3586.7471 -3569.71266 -4194.68193 -4741.74633 -4857.88758 -4593.88797 16275.99542 15645.83658 15630.2228 15592.82052 15193.69521 14531.50673 13941.05776 13846.35347 13918.20885 13860.99148 13775.88703 13834.05331 13880.36614 14104.51575 13954.51378 14051.09355 14030.60145 14226.63547 14418.69021 14786.76855 15059.74019 15268.56674 FP-A 0.941087627 0.955650901 0.940187986 0.913728076 0 904133469 0.906259958 0.902336678 0.89032763 0.880658514 0.881947037 0.89311529 0.887723798 0.867489058 0.859858788 0.869199145 0.883029134 0 897994658 0.892038 905020141 0911472641 0.912476712 0.906434856 FP-B 0.975985742 0.973227252 0.977097384 0.975904454 0.980316699 0.985611266 0.987684852 0.984315384 0.980600842 0.979083674 0.973215794 0.974624754 0.971478918 0.969664329 0.960840783 0.955567439 0.951618451 0.951123313 0.953759973 0.957232088 0.961674339 0.960188454 FP-C 0.915694712 0.91396702 0.920064288 0.912194236 0.899876268 0.897487475 0.910845499 0.931480683 0.93731286 0.941881724 0.941083473 0.950314651 0.954685263 0.952020939 0.95255549 0.958248512 0.963266821 0.96471111 0.952012014 0.94374691 0.944166194 0.951193846 PT [kw] 39.30799084 37.98093552 37.39261166 37.38812987 37.53266134 37.38160697 37.37046173 37.88336302 38.1368767 33.38383444 39.12351553 39.48098843 39.03980798 38.30004335 37.55435351 37.87622894 38.03278953 37.87743879 38.66965678 38.8318799 38.38362912 37.7602275 QT [kVAR] -13.0865625 -12.2000409 -12.3470619 -13.6132236 -14.0108715 -13.4270642 -12.8316079 -12.7797376 -13.2534612 -13.2034599 •13.233629 -13.3720239 •13.6235665 -13.6505576 -13.6268806 -13.3758123 -12.9296441 -12.9214584 -13.3192934 -13.453886 -13.0574114 -12.7033667 ST [kVA] 41.67557233 40.13117603 39.6351784 40.11469977 40.50171361 40.248986 40.04484446 40.4927205 40.85224315 41.0559934 41.73354736 42.10135004 41.810C3588 41.12781484 40.33395392 40.48847488 40.43485731 40.30481162 41.13732729 41.32134333 40.75044832 40.06442476 FP-T 0.943171543 0.946433. 0.943424012 0.932043519 0.9266934370.928761472 0.933210472 0.935682942 0.933531825 0.934910343 0.937457396 0.937760714 0.933733173 0.9312410670.931086153 0.935478844 0.94059401. 0.939773138 0.940014818 0.9397536. 0.941919156 0.942489294 PMU 10 is an SEL751a Relay type, equipped with an SEL 2401 satellite synchronization clock and a low-profile GPS antenna where the timestamp is obtained for data synchronization. The serial communication port is connected to a port of a "router or switch" located in the substation, a Port Server SEL 3610, which allows receiving data via serial communication and then sending the data via Ethernet using the TCP / IP communication protocol through commands defined in the IEEE C37.118-2011 standard. Once communication is established between PMU 10 and PDC 12, it is checked for errors, verifying that the data frame or packets are complete, free of erroneous data, and coherent. The data is verified using a CRC-CCIT algorithm. The PDC 12 is a Rack server type 8 core 1.7 GHz Xeon Processors, with 64 GB of RAM and a 16 Tb hard drive. Within the data package in PDC 12, the data is sectioned, identified, and labeled for transfer to the buffer or temporary memory of PDC 12 itself; the data is conditioned, identifying the phasor data with its timestamp, which allows removing duplicate data, ordering them according to their timestamp, locating the time ranges that do not have a phasor reading, filtering the signal to eliminate data that may be the product of noise or erroneous readings (curve smoothing); for the purposes of this example, the storage server 14 is of the type Rack Server ÑAS 32 TB Signology RS816; now, once these activities are completed, the data is saved in the database of the storage server 14, which, as illustrated in table 2. J'C ,Άπί Y VAa 'From / t0~i V VOí 'From¡ VCrr. Y VCa'Deg' !A~ [A' Aa'Degl 3η·4 pd'De / iC-n [A lía '>g' Nrr- A \a 'Deg' 'req 'lif POCO' í'li / s' ¿o oo.ooc 1.00043335 -5:4:499 95.5693602 1.9053339? -24:309254 2.2 -157.0305:3 2.3 97.5970-308 2,1 -31.004352 0.3 -í'úú.jíj'B 60.0'04 9.33 :-:.720.80.wc -1:4.065::: 1.CC34211 95.5959:0? 1.99706073 -2411CÚS 2.25 -150.123672 2.2 94 0 739404 2 -24.0241204 C.C5 4,1768623-3 60.005: 1µ 9.902 on 431701 0 CCC55507 • .00605034 -73.W3401 7 45 -150.3.84)33 ) 35 0300)053 23 -)88484) ¿5 0 1 •67 010 0282 60 00561733 -1~4Γ13571 i 99926635 96 599011 ..JJíDliii ·Ζ3- / 9ΐ..ΐ- 2 2 -148.24137 2 3 97 975783 2.165783 2 1.81627621 69 01 j 93 1-:¿J UU.4UC 1.!W / 2js ·ΐΐ3.;ι?2 / : L99941U / 1 4b.3t>42443 lJJo / / 2l8 -23.49,33.10 2 948243151 2.1) -30X3444 / 0 0.3 -161.492211 cü.0'01 -jju 1 / 20 00.500 1.OO6C5O3-1 -1'3.376959 C 297 '8639'9 1.5060509'1 -22.8667 ' 56 2.15 -1Ί5.16Ί587 12 96 / 803631 2.95 -32.5 / 9928 0 19.5206721 60.006 9.95 :-ío oo toe 1.00532S6S 143.067561 0.94926635 9749Ü934 1.90561733 22.5401597 245 143.774221 2.35 03.5463192 2.35 30.1662279 0.1 67.660596 60.036 0 14 ¿0 00.70C 1.00643335 -142.66356 1.0'9056539 •97.&44Q027 :.50562772 -22.1620'075 24 -147.129832 2.2 97.6721153 2.25 -20.4423923 0.1 -136.4 )344 60.011 9.95 14 ¿0 00.80C 1.00532558 -1^2.352823 0.99926635 98.1992365 1.90590593 21.8239324 2.15 -146.745951 2.35 93.273721 2.2 -26.1734117 0.1 63.506042 C0.W3 -0.33 14 20 00.90C 1.00561733 -142.CO759 1.0'0027674 98491::5 1.90590593 -2:4973755 2.35 -144488497 245 91.7018951 2.1 -30.5787575 0.05 -82.64Q162 69.0 / 9.97 •4 70 oí non 1 00605034 -14 H883S 1 ιΌ'Ι 98.5960365 199677)08 Γ. 38)7840 ) 3 -14) 117)2 ? 35 oo 047)14 ) -27 731'573 0 1 43 5)53040 69 0ú8 -9 97. pzRjnn / zznz / e / Y Table 2. Sample of data backed up in the storage server database 14. The data already available in the database of storage server 14 is analyzed in search of disturbances or transient events, which can issue alerts in addition to the feasibility of being able to recover the information for analysis. From the data in the example under discussion, it is found that the event began at 14:27 and lasted approximately 2 h; however, the event detection block 36 detected the disturbance in the branch or line that serves the PMU 10 located in the transformer under study at 14:28:40.9, as seen in Table 3 and figures 8, 9; from the study, the frequency / ROCOF and the voltage / ROCOV are compared; some atypical values ​​of ROCOF and ROCOV were detected which were listed in Tables 8 and 9. Table 3. Outlier frequency and ROCOF data. UTC ROCOF [Hz / s] Frequency [Hz] 14:28:40.9 -0.6 59.79 14:28:41.1 -1.22 59.625 14:28:41.3 -1.33 59.396 14:28:42.0 -0.73 59.152 14:28:42.2 -0.57 59.079 14:28:42.4 -1.11 58.926 14:28:42.9 -0.76 58.804 Table 4. Voltage and ROCOV details. UTC ROCOV [pu / s] VAm (pu) 14:28:41.4 -0.11556837 0.97400687 14:28:41.6 0.14735012 0.98021349 The activation threshold for outlier detection was set to ±0.5 Hz / s and ±0.1 pu / s for ROCOF and ROCOV, respectively. Frequency was the most fluctuating variable and lasted approximately 2 s; voltage only fluctuated for 1 s. The impact of the event indicated a drastic frequency change, as the ROCOF fluctuation reached values ​​of 1.33 Hz / s. At the transmission level, a power oscillation was implied, which could originate from the distribution network illustrated in Figure 10. This suggests that the event was a power outage. The data analysis suggests implementing island-based PMUs, which could improve the safety and reliability of a distribution system. Additionally, load shedding control could be implemented to mitigate the impact of the outage on the distribution system in this example. Example II In a second scenario, data from a distribution network illustrated in Figure 13 is available, where, as an example, abnormal or out-of-steady-state data indicating an event are shown. Due to the high volume of data, only representative samples from a specific time range of data from a single PMU 10 located in the network used in this example will be used. The aforementioned PMU 10 in this example is located at one of the medium-voltage radial outputs of a through-type electrical substation. A sample of the values ​​obtained by PMU 10 are shown in Table 5. pzAvnn / zznz / e / YiAi Table 5 shows the values ​​collected by a PMU 10. PMU 10 is an SEL751a Relay type, equipped with an SEL 2401 satellite synchronization clock and a low-profile GPS antenna that provides the timestamp for data synchronization. The communication port has a network connection to a port on a Moxa PowerTrans PT 7728 switch located in the substation. This allows data to be received via serial communication and then sent via Ethernet using the TCP / IP communication protocol through commands defined in the IEEE 037.118-2011 standard. Once communication is established between PMU 10 and PDC 12, errors are checked to ensure the data frame or packets are complete, free of erroneous data, and coherent. The data is verified using a CRC-CCIT algorithm. The PDC 12 is a Rack server type 8 core 1.7 GHz Xeon Processors, with 64 GB of RAM and a 16 Tb hard drive. Within the data package in PDC 12, the data is sectioned, identified, and labeled for transfer to the buffer or temporary memory of PDC 12 itself; the data is conditioned, identifying the phasor data with its timestamp, which allows for the removal of duplicate data, ordering them according to their timestamp, locating the time ranges that do not have a phasor reading, and filtering the signal to eliminate data that may be the product of noise or erroneous readings (curve smoothing); for the purposes of this example, the storage server 14 is a Rack Server ÑAS 32 TB Signology RS816; now, once these activities are completed, the data is saved in the database of storage server 14, which, as illustrated in Table 6. Table 6. Sample of data backed up in the storage server database 14. The data already stored in the database of storage server 14 is analyzed for disturbances or transient events, which can trigger alerts, in addition to the feasibility of retrieving the information for analysis. From the data under analysis in the example discussed, the event began at 20:47:57, and the event detection block 36 detected the disturbance in the branch or line served by PMU 10 located in the transformer under study at 20:49:23.2, 26.2 s. This event involved atypical data in the voltage profile, as shown in Fig. 14 and Table 7. Table 7. Outlier frequency and ROCOF data UTC ROCOF (Hz / s Freq [Hz] 20:49:24.800000 0.5 60.152 20:49:25.600000 -0.5 60.12 20:49:26.300000 -0.63 60.051 20:49:26.400000 1.08 60.159 20:49:31.400000 0.52 60.225 20:49:35.500000 -0.62 60.168 20:49:43.600000 -0.65 60.158 20:49:45.500000 -1.88 59.999 20:49:45.600000 1.38 60.137 20:49:46.500000 0.55 60.23 20:49:46.600000 -0.72 60.158 20:49:47.900000 -3.65 59.813 20:49:48.000000 3.88 60.201 20:50:03.300000 2.92 60.513 20:50:03.500000 -4.69 60.21 20:50:41.600000 -0.54 60.158 20:50:41.700000 0.61 60.219 20:50:48.800000 -1.34 60.083 20:50:48.900000 1.3 60.213 20:53:29.100000 -1.94 59.845 20:53:29.200000 2.61 60.106 20:53:29.300000 -0.82 60.024 20:53:35.800000 1.28 60.185 20:53:35.900000 -1.31 60.054 20:54:27.400000 -3.08 59.747 20:54:27.500000 3.02 60.049 20:55:36.300000 -5.83 59.411 20:55:36.400000 14.96 60.907 20:55:36.500000 -8.83 60.024 Table 8. Atypical voltage and ROCOV data LTC ROCOV [pu / sVAm [V] 20:49:23.200000 -C.1445CC6 0.9507681 20:49:23.300000 0.2398709 0.9747285 20:49:25 6CCCCC -C.1445CC6 0.9591398 20:49:28.400000 -C.1864C56 C.9613C49 20:49:29.800000 -0.2239756 0.9513455 20:49:30.300000 C.1358307 C.9776153 20:49:32.300000 -0.1199355 0.9705427 20:49:36.100000 -C.1054854 0.9686663 20:49:36.200000 C.1C54S54 C.9792C31 20:49:39.700000 -C.1314958 C.9690993 20:49:43.400000 -C.1965215 C.9654908 20:49:44.000000 0.1069306 0.9826673 20:49:45.500000 -1.1531146 0.8622876 20:49:45.600000 1.2297006 C.9851211 20:49:46.100000 -C.1184902 0.9695323 20:49:46.500000 0.1575055 0.9784814 20:49:47.900000 1.1574503 1.1014592 20:49:48.000000 -6.2958927 0.4725694 20:49:48.100000 4.9968315 0.9716974 20:49:50.500000 -0.11271 0.9773267 20:49:50.700000 0.1170457 0.9930597 20:50:03.300000 -0.4089367 0.9494691 20:50:03.400000 0.4392813 0.9933484 20:50:26.300000 0.1199355 0.9933484 20:50:26.400000 -0.1011504 0.9832446 20:50:34.3CCCCC C.1C4C4C2 C.991039 20:50:48.800000 -C.3C2CC61 0.9620267 20:50:48.900000 0.1488356 0.9768937 20:53:29.000000 -1.6256318 C.8156658 20:53:29.100000 1.6747621 0.9829559 20:53:35.700000 -1.5215916 0.8266356 20:53:35.800000 1.5620521 0.9826673 20:54:27.300000 -C.3583611 0.9403756 20:54:27.400000 C.4970816 C.99CC286 20:54:27.500000 -C.1575055 0.9742955 20:55:36.300000 -2.3741453 0.7374334 20:55:36.400000 2.3C623C7 C.9678003. The ROCOF and ROCOV line graphs (Figures 14 and 15 and Tables 8 and 9) show the initial disturbance, which lasted approximately 1 minute and 25 seconds, followed by four pronounced aftershocks minutes later, as shown in Figures 14 and 15. As seen in Tables 8 and 9, this event exhibits stronger variations than Example I, studied previously, with maximum absolute values ​​of 14.96 Hz / s and 6.29 pu / s. Analysis suggests that these values ​​could have been caused by a large-magnitude earthquake (above 7 on the Richter scale). The multiple interruptions were likely caused by objects falling onto the tops of the distribution lines, triggering preventative line disconnections. Having described the present invention in sufficient detail to enable a skilled technician to reproduce it, and given its high degree of industrial applicability and inventive step, it should be noted that the aforementioned skilled technician may envision alternative embodiments of the present invention, which should be considered within the scope and spirit of the following claims.< / j>

Claims

1. Synchrophasor monitoring system for electrical power distribution networks comprising: A phasor meter (PMU) connected to a phasor data concentrator (PDC), which receives and sorts the synchrophasor data packets collected by the PMU; The PDC conditions the collected synchrophasor data, eliminating duplicate data, verifying data integrity, and filling in data gaps through interpolation; A storage server connected to the PDC, which receives the conditioned data packets from the PDC for backup in a database; the storage server also having a connection to a remote computer; An event detection module that constantly analyzes the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) as well as the rate of change of voltage (ROCOV);A real-time monitoring module that allows the visualization of data backed up in the database; A historical data query module that allows queries to be made in the database.

2. The synchrophasor monitoring system for electrical power distribution networks according to claim 1, wherein the connection between the PMU and PDC is made by means of “routers” or “switches.” 3. The synchrophasor monitoring system for electrical power distribution networks according to claim 1, wherein the connection between the PDC and the storage server is made by means of “routers” or “switches”.

4. The synchrophasor monitoring system for electrical power distribution networks according to claims 2 or 3, wherein communication between “routers” or “switches” is done using the TCP / IP protocol under the IEEE C37.118-2011 standard.

5. The synchrophasor monitoring system for electrical power distribution networks according to claim 1 wherein the database query is made using a remote computer.

6. The synchrophasor monitoring system for electrical power distribution networks according to claim 1, wherein the database query is made using the moving window average data subsampling technique.

7. The synchrophasor monitoring system for electrical power distribution networks according to claim 1, wherein the real-time monitoring module is carried out by means of a remote computer equipment where different variables from the database are displayed graphically.

8. The synchrophasor monitoring system for electrical power distribution networks according to claim 1 wherein the PMU comprises a GPS (global positioning system) to obtain the timestamp.

9. The synchrophasor monitoring system for electrical power distribution networks according to claim 1 wherein the PMU comprises a clock for obtaining the timestamp.

10. A synchrophasor monitoring method for electric power distribution networks comprising a phasor meter (PMU) in communication with a phasor data concentrator (PDC) which in turn is in communication with a storage server hosting a database, wherein the method comprises the following steps: Collecting data from the electric power distribution network and converting it into synchrophasors by adding a universal timestamp via the PMU; Adding a PMU identifier to the synchrophasor data to form a data packet; Sending the synchrophasor data packet to the PDC; Conditioning the synchrophasor information at the PDC for subsequent backup to the storage server database; Detecting and reporting anomalies within the synchrophasor data at the PDC by monitoring the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) and the rate of change of voltage (ROCOV).

11. A synchrophasor monitoring method for electrical power distribution networks according to claim 10 further comprising an external computing equipment in communication with the storage server.

12. A synchrophasor monitoring method for electrical power distribution networks according to claim 11 wherein the method further comprises: Searching or querying data from the storage server database by means of the external computer equipment; Exporting the data returned by the search or query to the storage server database to the external computer equipment.

13. A synchrophasor monitoring method for electric power distribution networks according to claim 12 wherein the search or query of data can be done by subsampling of data.

14. A synchrophasor monitoring method for electric power distribution networks according to claim 13 wherein the data obtained by subsampling are subjected to a smoothing process.

15. A synchrophasor monitoring method for electric power distribution networks according to claim 14 wherein the smoothing procedure uses a Savitzy-Golay type filter.

16. A synchrophasor monitoring method for electrical power distribution networks according to claim 11 wherein the method further comprises: Querying data from the storage server database by means of external computing equipment; Displaying the query data on a screen of remote computing equipment or in a user interface.

17. A synchrophasor monitoring method for electric power distribution networks according to claim 10 wherein the conditioning of the synchrophasor information comprises: pzfijnn / zznz / e / Yi Removal of duplicate data packets; Detection of missing data packets according to their timestamp; Replacement of missing data packets using linear interpolation.

18. A synchrophasor monitoring method for electrical power communication networks according to claim 10, wherein the detection and reporting of anomalies within the synchrophasor data in the PDC comprises: Establishing a tolerance band of maximum and minimum ROCOF and ROCOV values ​​for each PMU; Comparing the ROCOF and ROCOV values ​​backed up in the PDC buffer database versus the tolerance band; Reporting out-of-tolerance values ​​by means of an alarm; Backing up data packets with out-of-tolerance values ​​in the anomalous log database on the storage server.

19. A synchrophasor monitoring method for electrical power communication networks according to claim 10 wherein the communication between a PMU with a PDC and from a PDC with the storage server uses a TCP / IP communication protocol based on the IEEE C37.118-2011 standard by means of “routers” or “switches”.

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