SILICON-BASED AGRICULTURAL COMPOSITIONS

Abstract

The present invention relates to a liquid fertilizer composition and a method for preparing the same, comprising potassium silicate, a pH regulator, an emulsifier, and a solvent useful in the prevention and control of plant diseases caused by different pathogens.

Description

The present invention belongs to the field of agricultural chemistry, and in particular to liquid fertilizer compositions and a method of preparing them designed for the fertilization and protection of plants against various types of pests, thanks to the strengthening of the cell wall of various plant tissues. DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF THE ART Over time, the implementation of silicon-based fertilizer compositions has been used in a wide variety of plants due to their diverse benefits, with the use of silicon in agriculture likely beginning more than 2000 years ago (A Proposed History of Silicon Fertilization, Maf & Kenkw et al., Studies in Plant Science, 2001, 8, 36). Various studies show that silicon plays a role in plant physiology due to its high tolerance to heavy metal toxicity, mechanical protection against pathogens, and its contribution to plant nutrition, as it has been considered an essential nutrient (Silicon and Plant Diseases, Fabrício R. et al., Springer, 2015).In particular, the use of silicon in agriculture has proven quite important because the plant epidermis is siliceous, which improves the plant's cellular structure, providing support and protection from biotic stresses. The presence of silicon in organic tissue increases resistance to various conditions such as strong winds and rain, as well as to insects (Elements of agricultural chemistry: in a course of lectures for the Board of Agriculture, David H, 1819). One of the most notable effects of silicon is the prevention of numerous plant diseases caused by pathogens through various strategies. Supplementing plant nutrition with silicon has been shown to reduce the impact of several diseases.Additionally, fertilizing plants with silicon has been shown to be a simple and sustainable way to help maintain and improve plant health in agriculture (Minera / nutrition andplant diseases Dah et al., The American Phytopathological Society, 2007, 233-246). One of the best-known ways to incorporate silicon into crop treatment is by spraying silicate solutions onto the plants, as these solutions form a physical barrier on the plant's surface that prevents pathogens from infecting it. Recently, it has been shown that silicates can activate certain defense pathways in plants against pathogens (Silicon and Plant Diseases, Fabrício R. et al., Springer, 2015). CP / L Ln / Lznz / E / YILI Despite the numerous advantages of silicates as agrochemicals mentioned above, mixtures containing silicates are typically unstable because they precipitate at pH values ​​below 9. For this reason, compositions containing silicates as an active ingredient are marketed as sodium or potassium silicates, which exhibit pH values ​​above 9. However, sodium silicates have been shown to increase salinity, electrical conductivity, and compatibility with other elements vital to plant nutrition. On the other hand, patent CN101440001 discloses a liquid fertilizer composition based on water-soluble silicates in concentrations of 15 to 44% w / v, such as sodium silicate and potassium silicate, which also comprises urea, trace element salts such as Fe, Cu, Mg, Zn, Mn, Mo, chelating agents (EDTA), and fulvic acid in concentrations between 10 and 15% w / v. The liquid fertilizer composition has a pH between 5.0 and 6.0. Now, US patent 20100016162 discloses an aqueous foliar composition for reducing fungal or bacterial diseases in crops. The composition comprises a silicon source, such as potassium silicate at a concentration between 2% and 25% w / v; a thiosulfate source at a concentration between 1% and 40% w / v, such as potassium, ammonium, or sodium thiosulfate, to inhibit the polymerization of silicic acid or silicate ions; and a mixture of organic acids, such as fulvic and humic acids, with alcohols, polyamines, or polysaccharides at a concentration between 2% and 30% w / v, with functional groups capable of reversibly binding to or forming complexes with inorganic anions or cations. Furthermore, the patent discloses a composition having a pH of at least 7.0.US patent 5183477 also discloses a foliar spray composition for use on agricultural and horticultural plants comprising an alkali metal silicate selected from KzSiCh (potassium silicate), NazSiCh, Na^SiO, NazSLOs, NazSi^, KHSLOs, K2Si4O3 · H2O, and mixtures thereof. The patent discloses a composition that includes potassium silicate, EDTA salts, citric acid, and water. However, potassium silicate is used in agriculture as a fertilizer and as a preventative against various pests such as fungi and insects. The problem with its use lies in its application in the field, since its alkaline nature causes it to polymerize easily. Furthermore, application results in increased costs due to labor and the reagent itself. Firstly, labor costs increase because more personnel are needed to apply the product, whether alone or in an alkaline mixture, and application time increases because doses would be more frequent. Secondly, the reagent cost is higher because applying potassium silicate alone requires a higher concentration. ce; 1 Ln / Lznz / E / YiAi The present invention describes the preparation of a liquid fertilizer composition comprising potassium silicate, a pH regulator, an emulsifier, and a solvent, wherein the composition is characterized by having a pH between 4.5 and 6 and a particle size of 5 to 40 pm. The silicate fertilizer composition of the present invention is characterized by generating a solid protective layer through foliar application, which prevents pathogens from functioning properly. Furthermore, it exhibits high and perfect compatibility with common agricultural inputs and becomes a constituent of the plant, as the composition enters the plant via stomata or cell walls. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES FIG. 1 Methodology for evaluating the incidence of the pest (Spodoptera Frugiperda}, where 1) is the lower third, 2) is the middle third and 3) is the upper third. FIG. 2 Application times according to phenological stages. FIG. 3 Percentage of incidence of fungal disease (leaf spots) in whole plant. FIG. 4 Percentage of incidence of damage to whole ear of corn by Spodoptera F. FIG. 5 Variable summaries of corn harvest, showing the net weight in Kg. FIG. 6 Yield m2 for each of the treatments. FIG. 7 Percentage of emptying per treatment. FIG. 8 Area of ​​progress of downy mildew disease (Pernospora Sparsa) by treatment, in which the yellow dots are the days of application of Misil K. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a liquid fertilizer composition and a method for its preparation, comprising potassium silicate, a pH regulator, an emulsifier, and a solvent. The composition is characterized by a pH between 4.5 and 6 and a particle size of 5 to 40 microns. Specifically, the composition is characterized by its high and perfect compatibility with agricultural inputs and its usefulness in the prevention and control of plant diseases caused by various pathogens. Therefore, the composition has applications in the agricultural industry as a fertilizer and fungicide with low environmental impact. CP? I Ln / Lznz / E / YIAI DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a liquid fertilizer composition and a method for preparing it, wherein the composition functions as an essential nutrient in plants, producing better growth and reproduction, provides great compatibility with different nutrients, allows systemic entry into the plant via stomata or cell wall, and is used as a pesticide, since the composition creates a protective layer when applied foliarly, which prevents the proper functioning of fungi or pests. In general terms, the composition comprises potassium silicate, a pH regulator, an emulsifier, and a solvent. For the purposes of this invention, potassium silicate is understood to be an inorganic compound, the most common of which has the formula K₂SiO₃. These are white solids or colorless solutions. Potassium silicate is a corrector and enhancer of the physical, chemical, and microbiological structure of soil and plants. The composition of the present invention comprises between 50 and 90% by weight of potassium silicate. The composition of the present invention comprises between 60 and 80% by weight of potassium silicate. pH regulators are solutions that resist changes in pH when small amounts of strong acid or base are added, thus controlling the pH value of a solution. Examples of pH regulators include citric acid, lactic acid, formic acid, glycolic acid, malic acid, 1-naphthoic acid, 3-nitrobenzoic acid, 4-nitrobenzoic acid, nitrous acid, oxoacetic acid, sulfanilic acid, mercaptoacetic acid, humic acids, fulvic acids, amino acids, or mixtures thereof. The composition of the present invention comprises pH regulators from 2 to 20% by weight. The composition of the present invention comprises pH regulators from 5 to 17% by weight. The composition of the present invention comprises pH regulators from 8 to 14% by weight. An emulsifier is a compound or substance that allows or promotes the formation of a mixture of two substances that are normally poorly miscible or difficult to mix. Emulsifiers include methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, sulfonic acid derivatives, sorbitan esters (SPAN), polysorbates (Tween), Perlapon EAM (a mixture of surfactants derived from vegetable oils, anionic and non-ionic surfactants), soybean oil, or mixtures thereof. The composition of the present invention comprises from 1 to 20% w / w of the emulsifier. The composition of the present invention comprises from 5 to 15% w / w of the emulsifier. EC; 1 ίη / ίζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ A solvent is a substance capable of dissolving another substance, commonly known as a solute, resulting in a uniform mixture known as a solution. Solvents include water, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, glycerin, or mixtures thereof. The composition of the present invention comprises solvent from 1 to 50% w / w. The composition of the present invention comprises solvent from 10 to 40% w / w. The composition of the present invention comprises solvent from 20 to 30% w / w. The compositions of the invention are characterized by having a pH between 4.5 and 6. The compositions of the invention are characterized by having a pH between 5 and 5.5. The compositions of the invention are characterized by having a particle size of 5 to 40 μm. The composition of the present invention is characterized by having a particle size of 15 to 30 μm. The compositions of the invention also comprise a dispersant, the function of which is to increase particle separation and prevent agglomeration. Dispersants include polymethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer in copolymeric acrylic solution (atlox 4913), xanthan gum, polyaryl phenol ether phosphate amine salt composition (Kapolgen FL or Perlapon FL), sodium salt of condensed formaldehyde polyalkyl naphthalenesulfonic acid (Perlapon NSS), or mixtures thereof. The composition of the present invention comprises from 0.05 to 25% w / w of dispersant. The composition of the present invention comprises from 5 to 20% w / w of dispersant. The composition of the present invention comprises from 10 to 15% w / w of dispersant. The compositions of the invention also include an antifreeze, whose function is to lower the freezing point of the liquids, preventing the final mixture from freezing at lower temperatures. Antifreezes include propylene glycol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, methanol, or mixtures thereof. The composition of the present invention comprises between 1 and 15% by weight of antifreeze. The composition of the present invention comprises between 5 and 10% by weight of antifreeze. ce / 1 Ln / Lznz / E / YiAi The compositions of the invention also comprise amino acids, including alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, valine, or mixtures thereof. The composition of the present invention comprises from 1 to 15% by weight of amino acids. The composition of the present invention comprises from 5 to 10% by weight of amino acids. Additionally, the compositions of the invention also comprise chelating agents, wherein a chelating agent is an organic substance capable of inactivating a metal ion by forming a cyclic or ring structure in which the metal occupies the center of the structure, thus preventing the metal ion from its normal chemical action upon being chelated or sequestered. Chelating agents include citric acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), hydroxyethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), nitriolotriacetic acid (NTA), malic acid, fumaric acid, and mugineic acid, or mixtures thereof. The composition of the present invention comprises 1 to 25% w / w of chelating agents. The composition of the present invention comprises 5 to 10% w / w of chelating agents. The compositions of the invention also comprise nutrients, where nutrients are those chemical elements that plants need to grow, maintain themselves, and produce fruits and seeds. Plants obtain nutrients from the air, soil, and water. Nutrients are divided into two types: macronutrients, which are needed in large quantities and include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; and micronutrients, which are needed in small quantities and include calcium, magnesium, manganese, sulfur, zinc, iron, copper, boron, cobalt, and molybdenum.Additionally, chemical sources containing nutrients include potassium phosphite, phosphorous acid, boric acid, hydrated lime, potassium carbonate, urea, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc oxide, copper oxide, zinc nitrate, triple superphosphate, ground phosphate rock, calcium aluminum phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, manure, poultry manure, calcium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, or mixtures thereof. The composition of the present invention comprises from 1 to 50% weight by weight of chemical nutrient sources. The composition of the present invention comprises from 10 to 40% weight by weight of chemical nutrient sources. The composition of the present invention comprises from 20 to 30% weight by weight of chemical nutrient sources. The compositions of the invention also comprise fulvic acids, which are a naturally occurring substance produced in the soil through the decomposition of organic matter and absorbed by plants. These are considered a fraction of bast-soluble humus that remains in solution after acidification. The composition of the present invention comprises fulvic acids from 1 to 15% weight by weight. The composition of the present invention comprises fulvic acids from 5 to 10% weight by weight. ce / 1 ίη / ίζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ The compositions of the present invention comprise preservatives, which are substances that stop or minimize deterioration caused by the presence of different types of microorganisms. These preservatives include potassium sorbate, calcium sorbate, sodium sorbate, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, calcium benzoate, potassium bisulfite, calcium bisulfite, or mixtures thereof. The composition of the present invention comprises preservatives from 0.01 to 5% weight by weight. The composition of the present invention comprises preservatives from 1 to 4% weight by weight. The composition of the present invention comprises preservatives from 2 to 3% weight by weight. The compositions of the present invention comprise potassium silicate, citric acid, lactic acid, perlapon EAM, soybean oil, atlox 4913, xanthan gum, propylene glycol and water, wherein said composition is a silicate-based composition. In another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise a silicate-based composition and additional ingredients comprising amino acids, chelating agents, nutrients, fulvic acids, and moisturizing agents, or a mixture thereof, wherein the silicate-based composition comprises from 10 to 98% weight by weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 20 to 88% weight by weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 30 to 78% weight by weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 40 to 68% weight by weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise a silicate-based composition, and furthermore potassium phosphite, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, EDTA, xanthan gum, and potassium sorbate, wherein the silicate-based composition comprises from 10 to 98% w / w of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 20 to 88% w / w of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 30 to 78% w / w of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 40 to 68% w / w of the composition. In another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise a silicate-based composition, and furthermore, hydrated lime, phosphorous acid, potassium carbonate, zinc sulfate, EDTA, boric acid, urea, xanthan gum, potassium sorbate, and water, wherein the silicate-based composition comprises from 10 to 98% w / w of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 20 to 88% w / w of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 30 to 78% w / w of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 40 to 68% w / w of the composition. In another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise a silicate-based composition, and furthermore, fulvic acid, xanthan gum, potassium sorbate, and water, wherein the silicate-based composition comprises from 10 to 98% weight / weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 20 to 88% weight / weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 30 to 78% weight / weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 40 to 68% weight / weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise a silicate-based composition, and furthermore amino acids, xanthan gum, potassium sorbate, and water, wherein the silicate-based composition comprises from 10 to 98% weight / weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 20 to 88% weight / weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 30 to 78% weight / weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the silicate-based composition comprises from 40 to 68% weight / weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the particle size of the suspension in the compositions of the invention is between 2 and 15 pm. The present invention also includes the method for preparing the liquid compositions of the present invention. The method includes: a) Stir the solvent in a mixing tank; b) mix the emulsifier and dispersants in a mixing tank; c) incorporate the mixture from b) with the solvent from a) and stir; d) add to the mixture of c) the pH regulators and antifreeze; e) add potassium silicate; f) add the dispersant to the mixture obtained in e) g) recirculation; h) grinding; i) second grinding; j) mix the product obtained from i) with a dispersant. For the purposes of the present invention, the mixing tank consists of an open container and a mechanical agitator or impeller mounted on a shaft and driven by an electric motor. Additionally, an agitator is mounted on a shaft suspended from the top, allowing a speed of ce / l Ln / Lznz / E / YiAi 750 to 950 rpm. The shaft is driven by a motor, connected to it, but more frequently, through a reduction gearbox. Step b) of the method of the invention comprises mixing the emulsifiers and dispersants in an additional container, stirring the mixture for 5 to 30 minutes at a speed of 750 to 950 rpm until the solution is emulsified. Step c) of the method of the invention comprises turning on the mixing tank of step a) and adding the mixture of step b) and starting the stirring process at a speed of 750 to 950 rpm. The agitators in the mixing tank include paddle or blade agitators. These agitators consist of a flat blade attached to a rotating shaft, where the liquid flow has a large radial component in the plane of the blade and also a large rotational component. Paddle or blade agitators are useful for simple mixing operations, such as mixing miscible liquids or dissolving solid products. Step d) of the method of the invention comprises adding the pH regulators and antifreeze and mixing them for 15 to 20 minutes until a homogeneous solution is obtained. Step e) of the method of the invention comprises slowly adding the potassium silicate and stirring at a speed of 750 to 950 rpm for 15 to 25 minutes. Step f) of the method of the invention comprises adding the dispersant and stirring the mixture for 30 to 60 minutes at a speed of 750 to 950 rpm. The method of the present invention also includes measuring the density and pH of the composition. After carrying out the chemical process, with the help of an emulsifier, the mixture obtained in stage f) is passed to the grinding equipment by means of a recirculation process. Step h) of the method of the invention comprises performing a first grinding with a colloid mill seeking a particle reduction of approximately 40 to 80 pm. A colloid mill is used for micro-crushing, mixing, emulsifying, homogenizing, and dispersing using a high-speed rotating rotor and a stator with straight or cross teeth. Operating the mill generates high-frequency vibrations within the grinding chamber, thus... CP JI ίη / ίZΖΠZ / E / YΙΛΙ introducing the mixture begins an action reinforced by the cavitation effects caused by the drop in hydrodynamic potential that accompanies the vibrations. Step i) of the method of the invention comprises performing a second grinding with a colloidal mill or zirconium bead mill until a particle size of approximately 5 to 30 pm is obtained. The grinding stages can be carried out in a ball mill, which comprises a fixed cylindrical container, similar to those familiar to anyone with a basic understanding of the subject. The cylinder's axis can be either horizontal or at a slight angle to the horizontal. It is partially filled with balls. The abrasive media are made of ceramic or zirconium (beads between 0.6 mm and 2 mm). The inner surface of the cylinder is typically lined with an abrasion-resistant material such as manganese steel. The ball mill rotates around a horizontal axis, partially filled with the material to be ground plus the abrasive media. An internal cascade effect reduces the material to a fine powder. Additionally, ball mills are used to obtain extremely fine particle sizes in classic crushing and mixing processes. Furthermore, the centrifugal force in ball mills is extremely high, resulting in very short grinding times. Ball mills offer the advantage of powerful and rapid crushing down to the submicron range, and their adjustable energy and speed ensure reproducible results. Additionally, ball mills are suitable for long-term testing where both dry and wet grinding can be performed. Ball mills are used in the present invention to obtain a mineral particle size between 0 to 30 μm and 0 to 200 μm. The critical speed is the minimum rotational speed reached by the mill, so that the centrifugal force created is sufficient to ensure that the balls adhere to the mill linings, where ball mills usually work at speeds between 72 to 77% of the critical speed depending on the diameter of the mill. The charge volume indicates the volume occupied by the ball charge inside the mill, also considering the empty spaces between the balls, and is expressed as a percentage of the total internal volume. The charge volume with the mill at rest (empty) is less than when the mill is rotating (loaded) with the same ball charge, where the CQJ L Ln / Lznz / E / YILI ball mills work with a filling degree between 40 to 45% (overflow discharge) and can reach up to 50% in some cases (grill discharge). The type of material for grinding includes soft, hard, brittle, fibrous-dry or wet material. Step j) of the method of the invention comprises stirring 0.5 to 3 grams / L of dispersant and stirring for 30 to 60 minutes. EXAMPLES EXAMPLE 1: Preparation of the liquid fertilizer composition: To prepare a liquid silicate-based fertilizer composition, the solvent is added to the reaction tank. Immediately, agitation begins at a speed of 750 to 950 rpm, and the previously mixed emulsifiers and dispersants are added. The resulting mixture is stirred for 10 minutes until the solution emulsifies. pH regulators and antifreeze are then added to the emulsion, maintaining constant agitation for 15 to 30 minutes until the pH regulators are completely dissolved and a homogeneous solution is obtained. Small portions of potassium silicate are then added, maintaining constant agitation for 5 to 30 minutes.Subsequently, the resulting mixture is transferred to a grinding unit via a recirculation process (an emulsifier can be used optionally). The grinding process begins in a colloid mill, yielding a particle size of approximately 40 to 80 µm. Immediately afterward, the particles are passed through a zirconium bead mill until the particle size is reduced to 10 µm. The dispersants are mixed with the resulting particles and stirred for 30 minutes. The final volume of the suspension is checked and adjusted with water if necessary. Finally, a 100 cm³ sample is taken, and its density and pH are measured. EXAMPLE 2: Preparation of the silicate-based liquid fertilizer composition: To prepare a liquid silicate-based fertilizer composition, 120 cm³ of water is added to the reaction tank. Immediately, agitation begins in the tank, and 60 cm³ of soybean oil, 20 g of Perlapon EAM, and 15 g of Atlox 4913 are added. The resulting mixture is stirred for 10 minutes until the oil emulsifies. 80 CP / L ίη / ίZPZ / E / YILI g of lactic acid, 90 g of propylene glycol, and 135 g of citric acid are mixed with constant stirring for 10 to 40 minutes until the citric acid is completely dissolved and a homogeneous solution is obtained. Small portions of potassium silicate (900 g) are then added, maintaining constant stirring for another 10 to 40 minutes. The resulting mixture is then transferred to a grinding unit via a recirculation process using an emulsifier. The grinding process begins with a colloid mill, yielding particles of approximately 30 to 100 µm. The particles are then immediately passed through a zirconium bead mill until the particle size is reduced to 10 µm. One gram of previously hydrated xanthan gum is mixed with the formed particle and stirred for 10–30 minutes. The final volume of the suspension is checked and adjusted with water if necessary.Finally, a 100 cm3 sample is taken and the density and pH of the suspension are measured. EC; i Ln / Lznz / E / YiAi Preparation of the silicate-based liquid fertilizer composition Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Potassium silicate 63.55 % W / W 57.94 % w / v 59.16 % w / v 65.27 % w / v 50.49% w / v pH regulator 15.18 % W / W 13.84% W / W 14.13 % W / W 15.59 % w / w 12.06 % W / W citric acid lactic acid 9.53 % w / w 8.69 % w / w 8.87 % w / w 9.79 % w / w 7.57 % w / w 5.65 % w / w 5.15 % w / w 5.26 % w / w 5.80 % . w / w 4.49 % w / w Emulsifier 5.31 % w / w 4.84% w / w 4.94 % w / w 5.45 % w / w 4.22 % w / w soybean oil perlapon EAM 3.90 % w / w 3.55 % w / w 3.63 % w / w 4.00 % w / w 3.10% w / w 1.41 % w / w 1.29 % w / w 1.31 % w / w 1.45 % w / w 1.12 % w / w Solvent (water) 8.47 % w / w 16.55 % w / w 14.79 % w / w 5.99 % w / w 27.29 % w / w Dispersant 1.13 % w / w 1.03 % W / W 1.05 % W / W 1.16 % w / w 0.90 % W / P atlox 4913 rubber xanthan 1.06 % w / w 0.97 % w / w 0.99 % w / w 1.09 % w / w 0.84 % w / w 0.07 % w / w 0.06 % w / w 0.07 % w / w 0.07 % w / w 0.06 % w / w Antifreeze (propylene glycol) 6.36 % w / w 5.79 % W / W 5.92 % W / W 6.53 % W / W 5.05% W / W This silicate base is employed in the examples described below. EXAMPLE 7: Preparation of the liquid fertilizer composition based on silicate and Cu / Zn (SIKONFERT Copper Zinc): To prepare a liquid silicate-based Cu / Zn fertilizer composition, 150 L of potassium phosphite is added to the mixing tank. Agitation is started, and 25.2 kg of copper sulfate, 27 kg of zinc sulfate, and 15 kg of EDTA are added, maintaining agitation for 30 minutes. Subsequently, 135 L of the silicate base prepared in Examples 1 through 6 are added, and the mixture is stirred for another 30 minutes. Finally, 0.75 kg of xanthan gum (previously hydrated with 0.15 kg of potassium sorbate) is added to the mixture, and it is stirred for 1 hour. EC; i Ln / Lznz / E / YiAi Preparation of a liquid fertilizer composition based on silicate and Cu / Zn Example 7 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Silicate base 38.23% w / w 34.13% w / w 21.80% w / w 43.44% w / w Additional ingredients 61.77% w / w 65.87% w / w 78.20% w / w 56.56% w / w Potassium phosphite 42.48% w / w 46.93% w / w 61.03% w / w 39.10% w / w Copper sulfate 7.14% w / w 7.17% w / w 7.32% w / w 7.30% w / w Zinc sulfate 7.65% w / w 7.25% w / w 5.23% w / w 5.56% w / w EDTA 4.25% w / w 4.27% w / w 4.36% w / w 4.34% w / w % w / w EXAMPLE 11: Preparation of a liquid fertilizer composition based on silicate and phosphite (SIKONFERT phosphite): To prepare a liquid fertilizer composition based on silicate and phosphite, 20,195 L of water are added to the mixing tank, agitation is started, and 27 kg of hydrated lime is added. Subsequently, 72.6 kg of phosphorous acid and 9 kg of potassium carbonate are slowly added. The solution is stirred and allowed to settle for 24 hours. After this time, a filtration process is performed. To the filtrate, 27 kg of zinc sulfate are added while stirring constantly. Then, 15 kg of EDTA, 9 kg of boric acid, 21 kg of urea, and 39 L of the silicate base prepared in Examples 1 to 6 are added, and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes. Finally, 1.2 kg of xanthan gum (previously hydrated with 0.15 kg of potassium sorbate) is added, and the mixture is stirred for another 30 minutes. Preparation of silicate and phosphite based liquid fertilizer composition Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 Example 14 Silicate base 12.98 % w / w 24.58 % w / w 32.46 % w / w 14.09 % w / w Additional ingredients 87.02 ° / w / w 75.42 % w / w 67.54 % w / w 85.91 % w / w water 43.27 % w / w 39.33 % w / w 23.80 % w / w 43.75 % w / w Hydrated lime 6.49 % w / w 3.69 % w / w 6.49 % w / w 5.93 % w / w phosphorous acid 17.45 % w / w 9.91 % w / w 17.45 % w / w 15.87 % w / w Potassium carbonate 2.16 % w / w 2.46 % w / w 2.16 % w / w 2.22 % w / w Zinc sulphate 6.49 % w / w 7.37 % w / w 6.49 % w / w 6.67 % w / w EDTA 3.61 % w / w 4.10 % w / w 3.61 % w / w 3.71 % w / w Boric acid 2.16 % w / w 2.46 % w / w 2.16 % w / w 2.22 % w / w Urea 5.05 % w / w 5.74 % w / w 5.05 % w / w 5.19 % w / w Xanthan gum 0.29 % w / w 0.33% w / w 0.29% w / w 0.30% w / w Potassium sorbate 0.04 % w / w 0.04 % w / w 0.04 % w / w 0.04 % w / w CC / I Ln / Lznz / E / YIAI EXAMPLE 15: Preparation of liquid fertilizer composition based on silicate and fulvic acids (MISILK360): To prepare a liquid fertilizer composition based on silicate and fulvic acids, 5.39 L of water are added to the mixing tank with constant agitation. 257.74 L of silicate base, previously prepared in Examples 1 to 6, and 21.67 kg of fulvic acid are then added. Subsequently, 0.35 kg of xanthan gum (previously hydrated with 0.56 kg of potassium sorbate) is added to the solution. Finally, the final volume of the suspension is checked and adjusted with water if necessary. Preparation of a liquid fertilizer composition based on silicate and fulvic acids Example 15 Example 16 Example 17 Example 18 Silicate base 90.58% w / w 67.91% w / w 61.83% w / w 75.50% w / w Additional ingredients 9.42% w / w 32.09% w / w 38.17% w / w 24.50% w / w Water 1.83% w / w 23.39% w / w 19.43% w / w 16.99% w / w Fulvic acid 7.38% w / w 8.49% w / w 18.55% w / w 7.31% w / w Xanthan gum 0.02% w / w 0.02% w / w 0.02% w / w 0.02% w / w Potassium sorbate 0.19% w / w 0.19% w / w 0.18% w / w 0.19% w / w CQJ L Ln / Lznz / E / YILI EXAMPLE 19: Preparation of a liquid fertilizer composition based on silicate and amino acid (NITROSIL K): To prepare a liquid fertilizer composition based on silicate and amino acids, 5.44 L of water are added to the mixing tank and the stirring process begins. Then, 267.37 L of the silicate base prepared previously in Examples 1 to 6 and 16.69 kg of 80% free amino acids are added. Subsequently, 0.3 kg of xanthan gum (previously hydrated with 0.6 kg of potassium sorbate) is added to the solution, and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour. Preparation of a liquid fertilizer composition based on silicate and amino acids Example 19 Example 20 Example 21 Example 22 Silicate base 87.82% w / w 75.97% w / w 73.95% w / w 66.48% w / w Additional ingredients 12.18% w / w 24.03% w / w 26.05% w / w 33.52% w / w Water 1.67% w / w 4.75% w / w 14.79% w / w 28.49% w / w Amino acids 10.24% w / w 18.99% w / w 10.97% w / w 4.75% w / w Xanthan gum 0.09% w / w 0.09% w / w 0.10% w / w 0.09% w / w Potassium sorbate 0.18% w / w 0.19% w / w 0.20% w / w 0.19% w / w EXAMPLE 23: Effect of using silicate-based liquid fertilizer composition for the control of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in corn. The evaluation was conducted in the municipality of Puerto Gaitán, Meta, at an altitude of 300 meters above sea level, on 200 hectares of the BM709 maize variety. A completely randomized design was used with two treatments: Silicon F at 1.0 L / ha and a commercial control without application, with 5 replicates. The evaluation was carried out on 10 plants, with 4 applications per treatment at 15-day intervals, using 175 L / ha of water per application. A random sample of 50 plants per treatment was taken, and two evaluations were performed. In the first evaluation, the percentage of Spodoptera frugiperda incidence was assessed on the three sections of the plant, as shown in Figure 1, where 1) is the lower third, 2) is the middle third, and 3) is the upper third. Subsequently, a second evaluation was conducted to assess the percentage of pest incidence and damage to the entire plant, and finally, the final yield per hectare (kg / ha) was obtained. Applications were made during the phenological stages (v2-v3), (v4-v5), (v6-v7), and (v8-v9), as shown in Figure 2. EC; i Ln / Lznz / E / YiAi PHENOLOGICAL STAGE V2-V3 1st application Seedling growth V4-V5 2nd application Vegetative growth V6-V7 3rd application Vegetative growth V8-V9 4th application Vegetative growth Table 1. Phenological stages of Maize. The number of larvae and the percentage of damage caused by Spodoptera Frugiperda were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's mean comparison tests using the statistical program Infostat, version 2017, to establish differences between treatments. TREATMENTS INCIDENCE MECHANICAL DAMAGE BY SPOTTER % AVERAGE TOTAL LOWER THIRD MIDDLE THIRD UPPER THIRD SILICON F 3.3 3.0 7.1 4.5% COMMERCIAL PATTERN 16.4 18.6 28.5 21.2% Table 2. Percentage of incidence of damage by pest (Spodoptera Frugiperda). As can be seen in Table 2, the percentage of damage by Spodoptera Frugiperda on the plant thirds is much more marked on the control treatment with 21.2% compared to 4.5% of the plants treated with the product SILICIO F, with the lower and middle thirds being the least affected by the pest, which shows us that the product SILICIO F has a preventive effect on the attack of Spodoptera Frugiperda. Additionally, Graph 1 shows the significant differences between the treatments applied to the corn crop, with the SILICON F treatment showing the lowest percentage of damage to the plant thirds compared to the PATRON treatment. COMMERCIAL. Likewise, in Table 3, the comparison of means by Tukey with a significance level of 95% shows that there are significant differences between treatments and between thirds of the plant for the damage caused by Spodoptera Frugiperda. CP / L Ln / Lznz / E / YIAI SILICON F % Spodoptera Damage COMMERCIAL CONTROL % Spodoptera Damage MEDIUM 2.96 a LOWER 16.42 a LOWER 3.34 a MEDIUM 18.58 a UPPER 7.10 b UPPER 28.50 b Table 3. Tukey's comparison of means (means with a common letter are not significantly different (p>0.05)). Now, the second evaluation was conducted to assess the percentage of disease incidence in the entire plant according to a scale where 1 is completely healthy and 9 is completely affected. As shown in Figure 3, the incidence of the fungal complex had a lower impact on corn plants treated with SILICON F compared to the COMMERCIAL CONTROL treatment, with a difference of 30%. Statistically, it also showed significant differences in the Tukey's mean comparison. Figure 4 shows that Spodoptera attack on the ear of corn in the treatment with SILICIO F was 8.1% compared to the COMMERCIAL CONTROL which was 20.8%, this shows a reduction in damage to the ears of the plants treated with SILICIO F of 38% compared to the COMMERCIAL STANDARD. Additionally, regarding the yield evaluation, once the weight in kilograms of the plots was obtained, the greatest yield gain per hectare was observed in the treatment using the SILICIO F product, with an advantage of 889 kg over the standard treatment. As shown in Table 4, there are significant differences in the yield variables. TTO GROSS WEIGHT TARE NET WEIGHT FINAL WEIGHT HARVESTED AREA (Ha) AVG / Ha COMMERCIAL STANDARD 58280 18360 39920 38330 18.3 4074 SILICON F 50840 17970 32870 31261 12.2 4889 Table 4. Performance variables for each of the treatments. In this regard, Tukey's mean comparison with a significance level of 95% for the performance variables shows significant differences between treatments. ce / l ίη / ίζηζ / Ε / γίΛΐ TTO PESO BRUTO PESO NETO PESO FINAL PROM / Ha Tratamiento Finca a 56650 a 38775 a 37274, 5 a 4074 a SILICIO F b 49505 a 31280 a 29823, 5 a 4889 b Tabla 5. Comparación de medidas Tukey (medias con una letra común no son significativamente diferente (p>0,05)). Por último, se realizó un análisis foliar como se observa en la Tabla 6 a 9 a continuación: No. Lab. Identification NPK Ca Mg SS₂O₂ Lot Variety % 108376 (107693) Tecnosil (oil + silicon) + Sikonfert sulfur (silicon + sulfur) Not specified 2.68 0.27 1.97 0.39 0.66 0.14 1.8 108377 (107694) Silicon F Not specified 2.3 0.2 1.68 0.41 0.09 0.1 2.7 108378 (107695) Control Not specified 2.35 0.24 1.9 0.39 0.05 0.18 2.3 Medium level 3.00-3.50 0.25-0.45 2.00-2.50 0.25-0.50 0,13- 0,30 0,15- 0,50 - Rango Pat. Teórico 154 3,08- 3,56 0,46- 0,55 3,56- 4,16 0,44- 0,50 0,16- 0,20 0,28- 0,36 - Pat. Experimental 154 3,22 0,49 3,95 0,46 0,19 0,32 - Note: Pattern 154 corresponds to a sample from the Analytical Exchange program with the Wageningen University in the Netherlands and is used to evaluate the accuracy of chemical analyses Table 6. Foliar analysis for the determination of the percentage of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and SiOz absorbed by the plant. CP JI ίη / ίΖΠΖ / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ No. Lab. Identification Fe Mn Cu Zn B Na Lot Variety ppm 108376 (107693) Tecnos¡l+ Not specified 82 83 10 29 10 155 sikonfert sulfur 108377 (107694) Silicon F Not specified 71 91 5.3 24 9.1 110 108378 (107695) Control Not specified 81 141 9.4 36 9.2 140 Average level 30.0- 200 20.0300 3.0015.0 15.0- 60.0 4.0025.0 100-200 Pat. Range Theoretical 154 307- 343 76-84 6.5-7.5 37-41 2.86- 3.38 2568- 3012 Experimental Pat. 154 335 79 6.8 38 2.96 2854 Note: Pattern 154 corresponds to a sample from the Analytical Exchange program with the Wageningen University in the Netherlands and is used to evaluate the accuracy of chemical analyses Table 7. Foliar analysis for the determination of the concentration (ppm) of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Na absorbed by the plant. No. Lab. Identification Sat. K Sat. Ca Sat. Mg Lot Variety % 108376 (107693) Tecnos¡l+ sikonfert sulfur Not specified 67.4 26 6.59 108377 (107694) Silicon F Not specified 60.7 28.9 10.4 108378 (107695) Control Not specified 67.4 27.00 5.69 Average level 56.3-68.9 16.8-22 14.4-21.7 Table 8. Foliar analysis for the determination of the percentage of saturated K, Ca and Mg absorbed by COJ L Ln / Lznz / Ε / ΥΙΛΙ the plant. No. Lab. Identification Ca / Mg Ca / K Mg / K (Ca+Mg) / KN / SN / P Ca / B Fe / Mn Lot Variety 108376 (107693) Tecnosil+ sikonfert sulfur Not specified 3.95 0.39 0.1 0.48 19.1 9.93 390 0.99 108377 (107694) Silicon F Not specified 2.77 0.48 0.17 0.65 23 11.5 451 0.78 108378 (107695) Control Not specified 4.74 0.4 0.08 0.48 13.1 9.79 424 0.57 Medium level 1.01- 1.17 0.240.39 0.21- 0.39 0.45-0.78 7-20 7.78- 12 200- 625 0.671.5 Table 9. Foliar analysis for the determination of Ca / Mg, Ca / K, Mg / K, (Ca+Mg) / K, N / S, N / P, Ca / B and Fe / Mη absorbed by the plant. where it is evident that the concentration of silicon in the leaves increases with a value of 2.71% for the SILICON F treatment, while the COMMERCIAL PATTERN treatment obtained 2.25%. In conclusion, the product SILICIO F had a favorable effect on corn plants (Figure 5), thus confirming once again the advantages of silicon in terms of physical and mechanical resistance against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae attacks on stalks, leaves, and ears. SILICIO F showed a better response to pest and disease attacks, reducing damage by 30%. Additionally, SILICIO F helped reduce damage by 29% in the middle third of the plant where the ear develops. Finally, it was observed that the SILICIO F treatment resulted in less light penetration in the planting furrow and that the leaves exhibited greater turgor and thickness. EXAMPLE 24: Effect of SIKONFERT Cu / Zn applications on growth and development in rice cultivation Oriza Sativa L The trial was conducted in two phases, the first evaluating the phytotoxicity of the product and the second evaluating the performance variables from different doses: - Phytotoxicity Test Phytotoxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the effect of the SIKONFERT Cu / Zn product on rice plants. The tests were carried out in the municipality of Ibagué, Tolima, on rice planted using traditional broadcast methods, over an area of ​​400 m². The NTC 736 scale was used for the phytotoxicity test, simulating conventional applications. CQJ L Ln / Lznz / E / YILI Grade Description 0 Plants identical to the standard 1 Slight chlorosis and presence of spots (small dots) 2 Marked chlorosis and slight distinguishable reduction in growth; presence of a few spots 3 Inhibition of growth, marked chlorosis and morphological abnormalities 4 Severely affected plant, with no possibility of recovery. Some green tissue remains. 5 Necrosis and death of the plant Table 10. Phytotoxicity scale according to INCONTEC NTC 736. Three applications were made with a dose of 2.5 L / Ha, which corresponds to double the maximum dose to be evaluated, where the applications were made every 15 days over strips of 20 meters. ITEM Pattern Without application Sikonfert Cu / Zn (Tl) Dose 0.5 L / Ha Sikonfert Cu / Zn (T-2) Dose 0.75 L / Ha Sikonfert Cu / Zn (T-3) Dose 1.0 L / Ha Sikonfert Cu / Zn (T-4) Dose 1.25 L / Ha Volume of HzO / Ha 400 L H2O / Ha Table 11. Treatments The field design that is carried out is shown below in Table 12. ce / l Ln / Lznz / E / YiAi INFORMATION ON THE STATISTICAL DESIGN TITLE: EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF THE FOLIAR FERTILIZER SIKONFERT COPPER ZINC IN RICE CULTIVATION (Qrvza sativa) Trial Characteristic Type: Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) Total area of ​​the experiment: 400 m2 Plot dimensions Experimental unit area 5 m x 4 m = 20 m2 Area per replicate 5 m x 4 m x 5 Treatments = 60 m2 Total area of ​​the trial 5 m x 4 m x 5 Treatments x 4 Replicates = 180 m2 Area to be harvested 400 m2 Treatment 5 Replicates 4 Table 12. Statistical design. Three applications were made at 30 DDS (maximum tillering), 50 DDS (primordium formation) and 65 DDS (maximum booting). Now, regarding yield, the best response was obtained by applying the dose of 1.25 L / Ha of Paddy rice (8855 kg / Ha), 506 kg / Ha more compared to the standard treatment which obtained 8349 kg / Ha. This increase corresponds to 6.0% with the application of the product on the established dates, helping to improve the number of panicles per m2, the number of full grains, the better weight of a thousand grains and decreasing the percentage of empty grains, as shown in Figure 6. The number of panicles per m2 was affected and varied slightly due to the traditional (broadcast) sowing system used by the farmer. On average, we found between 300 and 350 panicles per m2. It is worth noting that the plants with the highest application of the SIKONFERT Cu / ZN product showed more upright panicles with greater structural consistency. The weight of the grains was affected by the applications of the SIKONFERT Cu / Zn product, especially at the higher doses of 1 and 1.25 L / Ha, increasing the weight in grams of the grains by between 7.0 and 10%. The milling index (IP) is the multiplication between the evaluator, which is the whole, and the white (rp), which is the result of threshing when the rice is polished. When discussing milling analysis, the most important term is IP, which, as NTC 519 states, corresponds to the percentage of whole grains processed, resulting from the hulling and polishing of dry, impurity-free hulled rice. CP? L Ln / Lznz / E / YIAI TTo Yield g / m2 No. of grains per panicle No. of panicles / m2 Weight of 1000 grains % varieation IP pattern 834.9 a 97.0 a 313.7 a 24.7 a 3.1% 53.41 0.5 L / Ha 849.8 a 97.3 ab 318.2 a 25.0 a 3.4% 59.65 0.75 L / Ha 855.9 b 100.3 b 320.1 a 25.0 a 2.6% 59.74 1.0 L / Ha 885.0 b 98.9 b 346.0 b 27.5 b 2.0% 63.83 1.25 L / Ha 885.5 b 108.5 c 343.2 b 26.5 b 2.0% 68.26 Table 13. Performance components of rice seed variety (fedearroz 67), (means with a common letter are not significantly different (p>0.05)). TTO WEIGHT OF 1000 GRAINS WEIGHT OF EMPTY GRAINS WEIGHT OF FULL GRAINS %EMPTYNESS Standard 24.7 0.74 24.0 3.1% T1 25.0 0.82 24.1 3.4% T-2 25.0 0.62 24.4 2.6% T-4 26.5 0.53 26.0 2.% T-3 27.5 0.55 27.0 2.0% Table 14. Percentage of vanishing per treatment. In the milling analysis for the three treatments, Table 14 and Figure 7 show differences in the hulling index, white grain, broken white grain, whole grain, and broken grain. The 1 L / Ha treatment exhibited the lowest percentage of broken whole grain and white grain compared to the control group. This benefit is attributed to the SKINOFERT Cu / Zn product, whose composition, enriched with elements such as silicon, copper, and zinc, aids in nutrient mobilization, improving grain filling and quality. ce / l Ln / Lznz / E / YiAi INTEGRAL SAMPLE INTEGRAL MATCH WHITE RP MATCH IP EVALUATOR Pattern 79.89 14.3 68.56 15.16 53.41 77.9 T-2 71.47 10.9 74.28 12.67 59.65 80.3 Tl 78.17 19.7 74.53 21.2 59.74 84.7 T-3 84.82 15.5 78.49 18.77 64.83 82.6 T-4 83.41 9.3 80.69 11.72 68.26 84.6 Table 15. Milling analysis. Regarding the estimated cost-benefit ratio projection, the cost was determined according to the yield per m2 obtained at the time of the trial evaluation, considering the value of one liter of SKINOFERT Cu / Zn fertilizer of $25,000 pesos (hypothetical). Net profit was determined for each treatment by subtracting the total application cost from gross profit. Selling prices were taken from the mill's report for the harvest date. Profit is the percentage obtained from the difference in net profit between the treatments treated with SIKONFERT 15 Cu / Zn and the control treatment. Treatment Production per g / m2 Yield kg / Ha No. of bags (62.5) / Ha *Selling price (Tn) Application cost / Ha Net profit % profit Standard 834.9 8348.7 133.6 $8,348,712 $8,348,712 Tl 849.8 8498.5 136.0 $8,498,485 $37,500 $8,460,985 1.3 T-2 855.9 8559.5 137.0 $8,559,470 $56,250 $8,503,220 1.9 T-3 885.0 8850.0 141.6 $8,850,000 $75,000 $8,775,000 5.1 T-4 885.5 8855.2 141.7 $8,855,227 $93,750 $8,761,477 4.9 Table 16. Estimated cost-benefit ratio projection (*Source, Fedearroz: $1,000,000 per ton). In conclusion, the applied doses of SKINOFERT Cu / Zn on the rice crop had a positive effect on yield compared to the rootstock treatment. Furthermore, SKINOFERT Cu / Zn stimulated plant growth and development, resulting in more upright leaves, enhanced leaf color, stronger stems, a greater number of tillers, and fewer stained and empty grains. Finally, the application of SKINOFERT Cu / Zn increased grain weight and the number of panicles per square meter. EXAMPLE 25: Evaluation of the effect of MISILK360 on the contribution of physical-mechanical resistance to the attack of hairy midge in rose var Orange Crush. A liquid solution of Misil K was applied to 40 rose beds, Orange Crush variety, in full production, at a dose of 15 cc / bed, with a frequency of two weeks and for 16 weeks. The application was carried out in a 40-bed module. The sprayer's discharge was connected to the module's air relief valve, injecting the Misil K mixture in a proportion of 30 liters plus the equivalent 130 liters of fertilized irrigation water. To determine silicon accumulation in the plant, a foliage sample was taken at the beginning of the trial and another at the end of the 16-week trial. The Misil K product can be applied alone or in a mixture with other products scheduled for general crop management, including fertilization and / or pest control. Downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa, Berke / ey) incidence was measured in the field by comparing the incidence levels in the beds of varieties treated with silicon and adjacent beds of the same variety that were not treated with silicon. CQJ L Ln / Lznz / E / YILI The data obtained from the percentage of downy mildew incidence on rose plants showed significant differences between treatments, where the effectiveness of the applications of the product Mil Misil K can be seen, reducing the incidence of the disease by 96%, showing healthier plants with better vigor. 2017 2018 WEEK / YEAR PERCENTAGE 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 7.5 7.5 10 37.5 12.5 10 20 10 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 2.5 0 DRENCH-MISSILE-K APPLICATION 2nd 3rd 4th x 5th 6th 7th 8th ROSE CULTIVATION. Variety ORANGE CRUSH. BLOCK 20 WEEK / YEAR 30 31 3d 33 34| 35| 36 37 38| 39| 40 41 42 43| 44| 45 46| 47 48| 49 sd 51 sd i 2 3 4 5 PERCENTAGE 10θ| 1θθ|76.4|73.^46.3|46.3|46.3| 7θ| 71|47.2|41.s|57.2|41.^21.8|27.2| 29|32.τ| 19 18| 6.3 1.8| 0.9 oddo (*Applications began in week 37. The level of downy mildew was at 10% between week 1A and week 2, then dropped to 2.5%, and fell to 0, remaining at that level until week 2 of year 18 when application was suspended, after which it rose again. *The pattern (without application of Misil K) remained at high levels, although fungicides were applied in both areas for downy mildew control.) Table 17. Data collection template for each of the rose cultivation treatments, Orange Crush variety, block 13. As shown in Figure 8, the progression of the disease over several days can be observed for each treatment, with the Misil K treatment exhibiting the lowest percentage of downy mildew incidence compared to the farm treatment. According to Table 17, comparing means using the Fisher LDS test with a 95% significance level, there are significant differences. ce / 1 Ln / Lznz / E / YiAi Treatments % incidence Downy Mildew Missile K 1.25 a Treatment farm 37.5 b Table 18. Comparison of means LDS FISHER ((means with a common letter are not significantly different (p>0.05)). Now, Table 19 shows the disease progression for each of the treatments. The calculations obtained yield an approximate daily growth rate of 1.25% for the Misil K treatment and 37.6% for the farm treatment: again, the effectiveness of the Misil K product in providing mechanical resistance to the plants is verified. week / year DDA* MISSILE K ABCPE Missile K TREATMENT FARM ABCPE TREATMENT FARM 37 7 10 70 46.3 324.1 38 14 2.5 43.8 46.3 324.1 39 21 2.5 17.5 70 407.1 40 28 0 8.8 71 493.5 41 35 0 0 47.2 413.7 42 42 0 0 41.8 311.5 43 49 0 0 57.2 346.5 44 56 0 0 41.8 346.5 45 63 0 0 21.8 222.6 46 70 0 0 27.2 171.5 47 77 0 0 29 196.7 48 84 0 0 332.7 216 49 91 0 0 19 181 50 98 0 0 18 129.5 51 105 0 0 6.3 85.1 52 112 0 0 1.8 28.4 1 119 0 0 0.9 9.5 TOTAL 140 4207 STANDARDIZED 1.25 37.6 Table 19. Area of ​​disease progress Downy mildew (Pernospora Sparsa). (*DAD: days after application, *45: for this week it was not possible to apply Misil K). N* LABORATORY IDENTIFICATION READING NPK Ca M SiO2 Fe Mn Cu Zn B Na Mo a LOT / VARIETY DATE % (PERCENTAGE) ppm (Chlorides) V-17 / 048876 Orange Crush INITIAL OCT.25-2017 4.68 0.67 2.65 1.56 0.4 0.51 0.1907 141 186 <5 79.5 77.2 <250 <1 512 V-18 / 0033280 Orange Crush FINAL JANUARY 25 / 18 3.99 0.46 1.89 1.16 0.32 0.35 0.295 171 194 <5 137 74.5 <250 <1 566 LEVEL MEDIUM 3.00-5,( 0.20-0,· 1.60-2.5 1.00-2,( 0.30-0.4 0.20-0.4 0 80.0-15 100-300 7.00-17, 15.0-50 35.0-70, 1000-250 0 Table 20. Laboratory foliar analysis, evaluation of the product Misil K 15 cc / bed (of 32 m2). Application every two weeks. Number of applications: 8. In conclusion, during the 16 weeks of application with Misil K, the percentage of disease incidence remained constant across the bi-weekly application frequency in rose plants compared to the control treatment, with a 96% difference (keeping in mind that the control was in a different block under slightly different environmental conditions and with much higher disease pressure, but maintaining the principle of using the same variety and substrate). The control period has an approximate effect of 15 days, since, as shown in Table 18, the incidence of the disease will resume in week 3 of 2018 when the silicon applications end. Finally, the foliar analysis shows the cumulative effect of silicon in the leaf; the second application showed an increase of 1043 ppm compared to the initial application. This indicates that the formulation is mobile within the plant.

Claims

1. A liquid fertilizer composition comprising: a) potassium silicate, in a concentration of 50% to 90% (w / w); b) a pH regulator, in a concentration of 13% to 20% (w / w); c) an emulsifier, in a concentration of 1% to 4% (w / w); d) a solvent, which is water, in a concentration of 10% to 13% (w / w). The composition is characterized by having a pH of 4.5 to 6 and a particle size of 5 to 40 µm.

2. The fertilizer composition according to claim 1, further comprising: a) a dispersant, in a concentration between 0.5% and 4% (w / w); b) an antifreeze, in a concentration between 0.5% and 2% (w / w) 3. The fertilizer composition according to claim 1, which is further mixed with amino acids, fulvic acids, Cu / Zn, sulfur and phosphites.

4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the pH regulator can be selected from the group comprising: lactic acid, citric acid, humic acids, fulvic acids, amino acids, or a mixture thereof.

5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the emulsifier can be selected from the group comprising: perlapon EAM and soybean oil, or a mixture thereof.

6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the dispersant can be selected from the group comprising: atlox 4913 and xanthan gum or a mixture thereof.

7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the antifreeze can be selected from the group comprising: propylene glycol, or a mixture thereof.

8. The fertilizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises potassium silicate, citric acid, lactic acid, Perlapon EAM, soybean oil, Atlox 4913, propylene glycol, xanthan gum, and water. ce / l Ln / Lznz / E / YiAi 9. The fertilizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the pH is preferably between 5 and 5.

5.

10. The fertilizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the suspension is preferably 10 to 15 μm.

11. A method for preparing the liquid fertilizer composition according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) Add the solvent to the mixing tank; mix the emulsifiers and dispersants in a separate container; turn on the mixing tank of step a) and add the mixture of step b); add the pH regulators and antifreeze and mix for 15 to 20 minutes; slowly add the potassium silicate and stir for 15 to 25 minutes; add 0.5% and 4% dispersant; measure the density and pH of the composition; perform a first grinding with a colloid mill; perform a second grinding with a colloid mill or zirconium bead mill.