Moulded building block to be fitted between a building wall and a floor or ceiling panel, and section of a building with such a moulded building block

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated building block for arrangement between a reinforced building wall (120) and a reinforced floor or ceiling slab (110), for supporting the building wall (120) on the floor or ceiling slab (110) or for supporting the ceiling slab (110) on the building wall (120), comprising a prefabricated body (2, 2`) made of a mineral building material, with a base surface (4) for placing the prefabricated body (2, 2`) on the floor or ceiling slab (110) or above the building wall (120), and a bearing surface (6) extending substantially parallel to the base surface for the ceiling slab or for placing the building wall (120) on it, wherein the prefabricated body (2, 2`) has at least one insulating body section; and the shaped body (2, 2`) has a surface structure on its base (4) and / or its bearing surface (6) for transmitting a shear force between the shaped block and the building wall arranged below and / or above the shaped block (1, 1').the floor or ceiling slab.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a precast element for placement between a reinforced concrete building wall and a reinforced concrete floor or ceiling slab for supporting the building wall on the floor or ceiling slab or for supporting the ceiling slab on the building wall. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a building section comprising a floor or ceiling slab, a building wall arranged substantially vertically on the floor or ceiling slab or below the ceiling slab, and at least one precast element arranged between the floor or ceiling slab and the building wall.

[0002] Connecting elements are known from the prior art that can be used to connect a building wall to a floor or ceiling slab located above or below it. Such connecting elements are intended to transfer compressive forces in a vertical direction from the cast and reinforced floor or ceiling slab to the building wall located below or above it, which is also cast and reinforced, or in the reverse direction. In addition to the vertical transfer of compressive forces, thermal decoupling is also intended to be achieved between the ceiling or floor slab and a building wall located above or below it.

[0003] European patent EP 2 405 065 B1 discloses an arrangement for connecting a building wall to a floor or ceiling slab. The arrangement comprises a compressive force-transmitting and insulating connecting element for connecting two cast components with an insulating body for thermally separating the components. The insulating body comprises compression elements made of a concrete material that penetrate the insulating body from the lower to the upper support surface. With the help of the compression elements in the insulating body, vertical compressive forces are introduced from a building wall arranged above the connecting element into a floor or ceiling slab below. The compression elements, arranged at intervals from one another within the insulating body, are penetrated by rod-shaped, transverse force-transmitting elements that protrude essentially vertically from the upper and lower support surfaces.The transverse force-transmitting elements in such a connecting element are intended to absorb forces acting in a longitudinal direction or in a plane parallel to the floor or ceiling slab. The transverse force-transmitting elements are completely and directly enclosed by the compression elements in the insulation body. Such connecting elements are usually prefabricated separately, which is relatively complex.

[0004] Furthermore, the prior art shown in EP 2 405 065 B1 exhibits identical load-deformation behavior of the connecting elements, which results in deformation and force transmission not being decoupled from each other. This could result in uneven force distribution along the building wall and, potentially, uneven expansion of the cast building wall in its longitudinal direction.

[0005] The present invention is therefore based on the object of addressing at least one of the above-mentioned problems. In particular, it is intended to demonstrate a method for connecting a building wall to a floor or ceiling slab that improves the transmission of shear forces in the longitudinal direction of the building wall to the floor or ceiling slab. In particular, it is intended to propose at least one alternative to the known wall connection systems.

[0006] According to the invention, a preformed building block according to claim 1 is proposed. The invention thus relates to a preformed building block for arrangement between a reinforced building wall and a reinforced floor or ceiling slab. The preformed building block comprises a preformed body made of a mineral building material. It has a support surface for setting up the preformed body on the floor or ceiling slab or for setting up above the building wall. Furthermore, a support surface running essentially parallel to the support surface is provided for placing the ceiling slab thereon or for setting up the building wall thereon. The preformed body has at least one insulating body section, and the preformed body has a surface structure on its support surface or its support surface, or on both surfaces, for transmitting a shear force. The shear force is transmitted between the preformed building block and the cast building wall or ceiling slab arranged below or above the preformed building block.the cast floor or ceiling slab. The shear force is transferred in particular from the building wall arranged above the precast block, via the precast block into the floor or ceiling slab, or from the ceiling slab arranged above the precast block, via the precast block, into the building wall below. The building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab can be made of a mineral building material. According to one variant, they are made of in-situ concrete, i.e. they are cast on the construction site. According to another variant, the wall and ceiling can be partially prefabricated as reinforced precast concrete elements and then assembled and cast on the construction site to form large-format elements.

[0007] What is proposed is a prefabricated building block which, with its prefabricated body, forms a type of base body made of a mineral building material, such as concrete. The prefabricated body achieves force transmission between the floor or ceiling slab and the building wall. As a type of base body, the prefabricated body forms an essential part of the prefabricated building block. It thus gives the prefabricated building block its fundamental strength for the desired force transmission, particularly for force transmission in the vertical direction. The prefabricated body or base body thus forms the load-bearing structure in the prefabricated building block. For this purpose, the prefabricated body, in one embodiment, can have an external shape similar to a cuboid or a cube. Therefore, the prefabricated body, which is made of a mineral building material, can be similar in shape to a brick.However, the molded block according to the invention has improved strength properties compared to a brick, since the molded body is made of a mineral building material, in particular concrete. In one embodiment, the height of the molded body essentially corresponds to the outer height of the molded block. In one embodiment of the invention, the molded body is preferably surrounded in its longitudinal and transverse directions by an insulating body that determines the outer dimensions.

[0008] A surface structure for transmitting a shear force is provided on the contact surface or bearing surface of the formed body. This is preferably transmitted in a horizontal direction between the formed building block and the building wall or floor or ceiling slab arranged below or above the formed building block. In this way, for example, a building wall provided with reinforcement is fixed relative to the floor or ceiling slab arranged below or above it. By means of the surface structure according to the invention, vertical compressive forces can nevertheless be transmitted from a ceiling slab into a building wall or into a ceiling or floor slab located below it, without allowing large compensating movements between the building wall and the floor or ceiling slab in the horizontal plane. The surface structure on the contact surface or bearing surface is preferably designed in such a way that a positive connection is achieved between the contact orConnecting surfaces are created between the molded body of the precast block and the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab. The form fit is achieved particularly by the fact that the building wall, floor, or ceiling slab is cast from concrete, so that the concrete adapts to the surface structure of the molded body.

[0009] According to a preferred development of the invention, the shaped body has a surface structure on its contact surface and its support surface for transmitting a shear force, wherein the shear force projecting between the building wall and the shaped body and / or between the floor or ceiling slab in the transverse and / or longitudinal direction of the shaped building block preferably has a value above 100 kN / m. In particular, a value above 200 kN / m is proposed. The shaped building block has a predetermined longitudinal and transverse direction and is intended to be arranged with its longitudinal direction parallel to the longitudinal direction of the building wall. In a particularly preferred embodiment, shear forces with a value above 600 kN / m can be transmitted in the longitudinal direction of the wall. In this way, a sufficiently high shear force transmission can be achieved between the shaped building block according to the invention and a reinforced floor or ceiling slab or a building wall arranged below or above it.Such a surface structure can prevent or reduce potential relative movement between different building components. This can further improve the fixation of the building wall relative to the floor or ceiling slab.

[0010] The transferable shear forces are determined by the shear stresses in the connection area between the precast block and the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab, which are greater than 0.5 N / mm² relative to the wall's base area. For example, for a 20 cm thick wall and a precast block of the same width, the calculation 0.5 N / mm²*1000 mm*200 mm results in a shear force of 100 kN / m.

[0011] To form the surface structure on the contact surface and / or support surface, the shaped body preferably has a predetermined surface roughness with an average roughness depth Rz > 1.5 mm or a maximum profile peak height R p ≥ 1.1 mm, preferably with an average roughness depth Rz ≥ 3 mm or a maximum profile peak height R p ≥ 2.2 mm. With such a predetermined surface roughness, the respective surface of the shaped body is formed correspondingly rough or fissured. This can create an increased connection structure due to the interlocking of the contact or connecting surfaces of the building components.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab is made of in-situ concrete with a predetermined aggregate size, and the surface roughness of the support or bearing surface of the molded body corresponds to at least a quarter, preferably half, of the grain size of the largest grain of the grain mixture of the in-situ concrete. During the production of the floor or ceiling slab or the building wall and the connection to the molded block, it can thus be ensured that the in-situ concrete used to manufacture the components engages sufficiently into the depressions of the surface structure formed on the support or bearing surface. This promotes a positive connection between the contact surfaces, and the achieved positive connection can prevent any relative movement of the building wall to the molded block.

[0013] Preferably, the surface roughness at the contact surfaces of the molded body has a predetermined minimum value to prevent material failure of the cast-in-place concrete floor or ceiling slab or the cast-in-place concrete building wall under correspondingly high shear forces. Such a surface structure is preferably formed over at least half, preferably more than three-quarters of the total area of ​​the support or bearing surface of the molded body. This allows the shear forces to be transferred from the building wall to the molded body and / or from the floor or ceiling slab to the molded body to be transferred with a value greater than 100 kN / m.

[0014] A preferred embodiment of the molded component according to the invention provides that the surface structure has at least one transfer projection projecting substantially vertically on the support surface, preferably on the support surface and the bearing surface of the molded body. This allows for targeted interlocking of regions of the molded body and the building wall or floor or ceiling slab to be produced. This transfer projection, with which a positive connection in the shear direction of the building wall can be achieved, preferably has precisely predetermined dimensions on the support and / or bearing surface. During casting of the building wall or floor or ceiling slab to be produced, it can adapt to the transfer projection, thus enabling the positive connection to be achieved.

[0015] Preferably, one or more transfer projections are formed on the support and / or bearing surface, thus projecting upwards or downwards when the precast block is positioned as intended. The material forming the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab, such as in-situ concrete, flows around these transfer projections during casting, resulting in a form-fit connection after the material has hardened.

[0016] The transfer projection is preferably designed as at least one profile element formed in one piece with the shaped body or at least as a separate profile part inserted into the contact surface and / or support surface of the shaped body. With the one-piece design of the profile element on the shaped body, increased strength of the shaped body and of the profile element protruding therefrom as a transfer projection can be achieved. An alternative design of the transfer projection provides that the shaped body is produced with, for example, a recess in the form of a depression on its contact or support surface. A separate profile part is then inserted into the recess on the contact or support surface of the shaped body, the dimensions of the profile part being selected so that it adheres sufficiently to the contact or support surface.The support surface of the shaped body protrudes and thus ensures sufficient form fit with the building wall or floor or ceiling slab to be arranged above or below.

[0017] Preferably, the one-piece profile elements or the profile parts to be inserted separately into the support surface and / or bearing surface of the molded body extend substantially transversely to the direction of extension of a building wall to be brought into contact with the molded component according to the invention. The profile elements are thus formed or arranged in the longitudinal direction of the molded component, in particular at predetermined intervals on the support surface and / or bearing surface of the molded body. This particularly promotes the transmission of shear force in the longitudinal direction of the building wall. The profile elements themselves preferably extend in the transverse direction of the molded component.

[0018] A further development of the molded component according to the invention provides that the transfer projection has side flanks for transmitting shear force, which preferably extend at an obtuse angle β to the support or contact surface, in particular in the range of 91-135°, or are oriented at a right angle to the contact surface and / or bearing surface. This angle specification refers to the surfaces. The transfer projections arranged on the support and / or contact surface thus form a predetermined, fixed geometry. At an obtuse angle, the concrete can be poured more effectively.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the side flanks of the transfer projection are each aligned at right angles to the support and / or bearing surface, so that a relative movement of the building parts to the molded block and of the building parts in the horizontal plane to each other can be effectively hindered, even if the building parts move in the vertical direction to each other.

[0019] The transfer projection preferably covers more than 20%, more preferably more than 40%, of the entire base area of ​​the support surface or bearing surface of the prefabricated block, or occupies such a part. On the contact surfaces of the prefabricated block, a sufficiently high proportion of the base area is therefore designed as a connecting area, so that shear forces can preferably be transferred in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the building wall provided with reinforcement, but preferably in the longitudinal direction of the wall with a value above 100 kN / m, preferably with a value above 200 kN / m. In a particularly preferred embodiment, shear forces with a value above 600 kN / m can be transferred in the longitudinal direction of the wall. The proportion of the connecting area of ​​more than 20% of the base area results in improved structural strength of the building wall connected to the support surface or bearing surface.Building parts that can be brought into contact with the support surface can be achieved, which are preferably produced using in-situ concrete and can have a lower strength than the molded block than the molded body of the molded block itself.

[0020] In particular, the transfer projection is designed as an interlocking joint with diagonally running side flanks or as a single projection with vertical side flanks on the contact and / or support surface. The height of the transfer projection above the base area on the contact surface and / or support surface is preferably equal to or greater than 10 mm. The minimum height of 10 mm enables effective interlocking of the material regions on the support surface and / or contact surface of the preformed block with the respectively interacting material regions of the contact surfaces of the building components. The preformed block preferably has a uniform arrangement of profile elements, preferably formed integrally with the preformed body, on the contact surfaces of its preformed body. The transfer projections designed as profile elements are preferably evenly spaced from one another on the base area of ​​the preformed body.In one embodiment, each profile element formed integrally with the molded body has a width at the height of the base surface and a height dimension projecting from the base surface, with the width corresponding to a maximum of eight times the height dimension. Thus, the width of the profile element in its foot area at the base surface is used as the basis. It was recognized that with these proportional dimensions, the toothed joint formed on the contact and / or support surface has a correspondingly limited maximum spacing between the individual transfer projections, depending on the respective height of the transfer projections.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, at least two profile elements of the same height and a predetermined distance from one another are provided on the support and / or bearing surface, wherein the distance is preferably at least four times up to approximately eight times the height. The bearing and / or bearing surface therefore have a preferably pronounced structured surface, whereby a secure form fit can be achieved in the contact area between the preformed block and the building wall or floor or ceiling slab arranged above or below it. Preferably, the profile elements, if they are elongated, extend transversely to the long side of the preformed block, which is aligned parallel to the building wall to be constructed. In one embodiment, the profile elements formed on the support and / or bearing surface have a length that essentially corresponds to the width of the preformed block.In another embodiment, the profile elements arranged at predetermined intervals on the molded body have a length that is shorter than the width of the molded component according to the invention. In a further embodiment of the molded component according to the invention, one or more transmission projections formed integrally with the molded body protrude in a pin-like manner from the support or contact surface, which preferably have side flanks running perpendicular to the contact or contact surface for the transmission of thrust.

[0022] According to a preferred development of the preformed component, the preformed body has, at least in some regions, a material layer with elastic properties, preferably an elastomer layer, on its support surface and / or bearing surface for transmitting forces from or to the building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab. The elastic layer on at least one of the contact surfaces of the preformed component with the building wall or floor or ceiling slab arranged below or above it can provide flexibility with respect to the transmission of forces from or to the preformed component. This allows for the compensation of slight relative movements between the building wall and the preformed body, which may be thermally induced, for example.

[0023] In addition, the material layer with its elastic properties, which can also be referred to simply as an elastic layer, enables improved thermal and / or acoustic decoupling of the building components coupled to one another. In one embodiment, the elastic layer is formed over the entire surface or in certain regions on the contact and / or support surface having the surface structure for transmitting a shear force. According to a further development of the preformed component, the elastic material layer is preferably arranged on the essentially flat surface regions of the base surface of a contact or support surface having a transmission projection. In a further embodiment of the preformed component according to the invention, the elastic material layer is arranged wholly or partially on a side flank or side of a transmission projection protruding from the contact or support surface.

[0024] In a further embodiment, the preformed block, preferably the preformed body, comprises at least one lead-through region for a tension element extending from the first contact region to the second contact region. With the aid of the lead-through region, a tension element can be guided, in particular vertically, through the preformed block, which tension element then extends from a building wall through the preformed block according to the invention into a floor or ceiling slab after the completion of a building section. With the aid of the tension element, tensile forces can be transmitted between the building parts through the preformed block, and the building parts can thus be fixed or stabilized vertically relative to one another. At least one lead-through region is proposed; preferably, several lead-through regions are provided in the preformed block.In one embodiment, the penetration areas are openings in the prefabricated prefabricated block suitable for the subsequent insertion of tension elements on a construction site, such as a steel tension element, also known as reinforcing steel, or a threaded rod or a tension element made of fiber composite materials. In one embodiment, stainless steel is also used to form the tension element.

[0025] In another embodiment, the tension elements are cast into the molded body, preferably made of concrete material, directly during the production of the preform. The tension elements are already mounted in the preform, and the completed preform is delivered to a construction site with the tension elements preferably cast into it. The lead-through area preferably has a clear dimension relative to the outer dimensions of the tension element that is larger than the outer dimensions of the tension element. The ratio of the clear dimension of a lead-through area still present as a lead-through opening to the outer dimension, in particular to the outer diameter of the tension element, is preferably in the range of 1.1 to 6.

[0026] According to a further embodiment of the preformed module, a separating or sealing body is provided for the tension element, which is preferably made of an elastic material and is fixedly arranged in the feedthrough area. In one embodiment, the separating or sealing body enables decoupling of the tension element from a shear force acting transversely to the longitudinal direction of the tension element. Preferably, the separating or sealing body is a component of the preformed module, which is arranged in the feedthrough area, in particular during production of the preformed module. In a preferred embodiment, the sealing body is inserted into the feedthrough area such that it rests against the inner wall surface of the feedthrough area from the inside. Preferably, the shaped body of the preformed module forms a positive connection with the sealing body arranged in the feedthrough area.This prevents the sealing body from being accidentally pulled out of the feedthrough area in the longitudinal direction.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the separating or sealing body is designed as a sleeve body and comprises an elastic material whose inner diameter expands when the tension element is passed through the feedthrough area. The inner surface of the sealing body, designed as a sleeve body, rests against the tension element passed through the feedthrough area.

[0028] The molded body is preferably made essentially of a concrete material, preferably of ultra-high-strength fiber concrete. In one embodiment, the concrete used to form the molded body preferably has a thermal conductivity of more than 1.6 watts per meter*Kelvin (W / m*K). The concrete used to form the molded body is preferably not lightweight concrete and / or, in particular, has no significant thermal insulation properties. In particular, all feedthrough openings in the molded body are enclosed or surrounded by the concrete material, whereby the molded body obtains its necessary compressive strength in the feedthrough area. A proposed fiber concrete preferably has steel fibers with a diameter of 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, particularly preferably 0.16 mm to 0.24 mm.

[0029] A further development of the molded component provides for at least one insulating body section to be arranged in the molded body and / or on regions of the molded body. With the aid of the insulating body section arranged within the molded body and / or on outer surface regions of the molded body, the insulating effect of the molded component according to the invention can be further increased. This reduces heat transfer from the building wall toward the floor or ceiling slab, or in the opposite direction.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, the insulating body section has the shape of a cuboid, which is completely accommodated inside the molded body consisting of a mineral building material, such as concrete. In another embodiment, as an alternative or in addition to the insulating body section accommodated by the molded body, a further insulating body section is provided, which is arranged in particular on the side surfaces of the molded body and encases it or surrounds it like a frame. The insulating body sections surrounding the molded body like a frame can also form contact areas between the molded building block and the building wall or floor or ceiling slab. The insulating body sections are preferably made of an insulating foam.

[0031] According to a preferred development, the mineral building material has a σ / λ ratio greater than 10, preferably greater than 20, particularly preferably greater than 45. The building material used to form the shaped body has a ratio between its compressive strength, measured in N / mm 2 , and its thermal conductivity, measured in W / mK, which is at least greater than 10. Since λ is greater than 1.6 W / mK, the compressive strength is at least greater than 16 N / mm 2 , preferably greater than 32 N / mm 2 , particularly preferably greater than 72 N / mm 2 , which was determined by means of the compressive strength test on a test cube (cube compressive strength) or on cylindrical test specimens (cylindrical compressive strength). Due to the different geometries of the test specimens, predetermined conversion factors must be taken into account between the two compressive strength tests for a direct comparison.

[0032] Furthermore, the invention relates to a building section comprising a floor or ceiling slab, a building wall arranged substantially vertically on or below the floor or ceiling slab, and at least one shaped building block arranged between the floor or ceiling slab and the building wall according to one of the embodiments described above.

[0033] At least one preformed module is thus arranged in the connection area between the building wall and the floor or ceiling slab. Preferably, several preformed modules are provided there, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, the connection area is formed entirely from the preformed modules according to the invention. With several preformed modules, these thus form an arrangement of preformed modules, wherein the preformed modules are arranged in particular in a row one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the building wall between the wall and the floor or ceiling slab arranged below or above it.

[0034] Here too, the provision of a surface structure for transferring a shear force is proposed. This can improve the transfer of force from the building wall to the underlying floor or ceiling slab or from the floor or ceiling slab to the building wall below it. Relative movements, particularly in the horizontal plane and thus in the connecting plane between the building sections, can be avoided. The building wall and / or floor or ceiling slab can be made from a mineral building material. According to one variant, they are made from in-situ concrete, i.e. they are poured on the construction site. According to another variant, the building wall and ceiling can be at least partially prefabricated as reinforced precast concrete elements and then assembled and poured on the construction site to form large-format elements.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the building section has at least one tension element extending through the prefabricated block between the building wall and the floor or ceiling slab. By means of one, preferably several, such tension elements, tensile forces acting within the building section can be reliably absorbed and transmitted through the one or more prefabricated blocks. Furthermore, the transmission of shear forces acting in the longitudinal direction of the building wall can be further improved by means of the tension elements acting in the vertical direction.

[0036] In addition, by means of an elastomer layer arranged on the contact or support surface of the molded body, depending on its layer thickness, preferably a thermal and / or acoustic decoupling of the building parts of the building section from one another can be improved.

[0037] The preferred embodiments or further developments described for the molded component according to the invention are also preferred embodiments of the building section according to the invention.

[0038] The invention is described in more detail below using possible embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures. Herein: Figure 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a building section according to the invention in the longitudinal direction of a building wall; Figure 2 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a building section of the Figure 1contained in the molded building block according to the invention; Figure 3 shows a sectional view of a further embodiment of a building section according to the invention in the longitudinal direction of a building wall; Figure 4 shows a section of a molded building block according to an embodiment in a sectional view with a contact area; Figure 5 shows a section of a molded building block according to a further embodiment in a sectional view with a contact area, and Figure 6 shows a perspective view of a further embodiment of a molded building block according to the invention.

[0039] Figure 1 shows a building section 100 according to the invention in a sectional view. The building section 100 comprises a floor slab 110, which could also be designed as a ceiling slab, a preformed block 1 arranged on the floor slab 110 and a load-bearing concrete wall 120 arranged above the preformed block 1. The view of the Figure 1is in the longitudinal direction of this concrete wall 120. Both the floor slab 110 and the load-bearing concrete wall 120 are provided with a reinforcement (not shown in detail), which is arranged in the interior of the floor slab and the building wall, respectively. From the building wall 120, vertically acting compressive forces D are transmitted through the formwork block 1, which in Figure 2 indicated by an arrow, are transferred to the floor or ceiling plate 110.

[0040] Furthermore, several lead-through areas 10 extend in the mold body 2 of the mold block 1, such as Figure 1 illustrated, several tension elements 130. The implementation areas 10 are in Figure 2 shown. The tension elements 130 each extend from the base plate 110 through the preformed block 1 to the vertically extending building wall 120. Vertically directed tensile forces can be transferred by means of the tension elements 130 from the building wall 120 to the base plate 110 and in the reverse direction.

[0041] The preformed block 1 comprises a preformed body 2 made of a mineral building material, such as a concrete material, wherein the concrete material is a non-thermally insulating concrete with a thermal conductivity λ greater than 1.6 W / mK. The preformed block 1 comprises a support surface 4 facing the floor slab 110 and a bearing surface 6 facing the building wall 120. The support surface 4 and the bearing surface 6 are substantially plane-parallel to one another. In this embodiment, at least one insulating body 8 is arranged inside the preformed body 2, which, as Figure 1 indicates, extends parallel between the contact surface 4 and the support surface 6. The insulating body 8 runs here into the plane of the drawing.

[0042] In Figure 2A molded component 1 according to the invention is shown according to one embodiment, the molded body 2 of which has a substantially rectangular support surface 4 and a likewise substantially rectangular bearing surface 6. The molded body 2 forms a base surface on the support surface 4 and the bearing surface 6, which can also be referred to here as contact surfaces or connecting areas, which is determined by the external dimensions of the molded body, in particular by its side lengths a and b. Furthermore, lead-through areas 10 are provided on the molded body 2, which extend from the support surface 4 to the bearing surface 6.

[0043] The lead-through areas 10 designed as lead-through openings are designed to accommodate tension elements 130 ( Figure 1), namely a tension element 130 which extends through the respective feedthrough region. The feedthrough region 10 can have a clear dimension which is larger by a predetermined amount than the external dimensions, in particular the external diameter of the tension element 130. The resulting cavity between the wall surface of the feedthrough region 10 and the surface of the tension element 130 can be filled with a casting compound (not shown) or other body. Preferably, the cavity between the wall surface of the feedthrough region 10 and the surface of the tension element 130 is filled completely and over the entire height of the molded body 2 from the contact surface 4 to the support surface 6.

[0044] How Figure 2As further shown, at least one transmission projection 12, 12' is arranged on the surface of the support surface 4 and / or the bearing surface 6. The transmission projection 12, 12' is designed as a type of profile element, which is preferably formed integrally with the shaped body 2. The transmission projections are used, in particular, to transmit shear forces acting between the building wall 120 and the floor or ceiling slab 110.

[0045] In order to improve the force transmission at the contact surface 4 and / or the support surface 6 to the building wall 120 or the floor slab 10, a material layer 14, 14' made of an elastic material is provided at least in some areas on the first and / or second contact area. Figure 2 As illustrated, the material layers can cover only partial areas of the contact surface 4 and / or the support surface 6 or can completely cover the first and / or second contact area.

[0046] As in Figure 2 As further shown, at least one insulating body section 8 is arranged in the interior of the shaped body 2.

[0047] Figure 3 shows a further embodiment of a building section 100' according to the invention in a sectional view with a base plate 110, a molded block 1' arranged on the base plate 110 and a load-bearing building wall 120 arranged above the molded block 1'. The Figure 3 The base plate 110 shown and the load-bearing building wall 120 made of concrete have a reinforcement (not shown in detail) inside the base plate 110 and the building wall 120, respectively. The form block 1' comprises a form body 2', via which vertically acting compressive forces D, similar to the form body 2 in Fig. 2, transferred from the building wall 120 into the floor slab 110. Here, too, the floor slab 110 can be designed as a ceiling slab. On the one hand, this can mean that the floor slab 110 also functions as a ceiling slab, because it also closes off a floor as a ceiling slab and serves as a floor slab for the next floor. On the other hand, it can also mean that the preformed block 1 according to Figure 1 or the mold block 1' according to Figure 3 on a building wall 120 and under the floor slab 110, which then forms a ceiling slab.

[0048] How Figure 3As further illustrated, several tension elements 130 run through the lead-through areas 10' in the preformed building block 1'. The tension elements 130 extending from the floor or ceiling slab 110 through the preformed building block 1' to the vertically extending building wall 120 are designed to transmit tensile forces acting in the vertical direction and hold the superimposed building parts 110, 120 at a predetermined distance above one another. The preformed building block 1' can be inserted into the preformed body 2', similar to Fig. 2 shown, have an insulating section or body 8.

[0049] The molded body 2' of the molded block 1' is made of a mineral building material, namely a non-heat-insulating concrete. The molded body 2' has a contact surface 4 and a support surface 6, which run essentially parallel to each other and on each of which a substantially vertically projecting transfer projection 22, 22' is provided. At least one lead-through area 10' extends through the molded body 2' for the tension element. The transfer projection 22, 22' is formed in one piece with the molded body 2' as a type of profile element. The transfer projections 22, 22' have vertically extending side surfaces or flanks 24, which in the Figure 5 shown embodiment are partially covered by a material layer 26 with elastic properties. In the exemplary embodiment of the Fig. 5The flat surface 16, 16' of the molded body 2' is not always covered by the elastic layer. The material layer 26 serves, in particular, in the longitudinal direction of a building wall 120 to be arranged on the molded block 1' to compensate for shear forces in the longitudinal or horizontal direction and enables a relative movement depending on the layer thickness between the building wall 120 and the floor or ceiling slab 110. For the projection 22, 22', an oblique flank can also be provided, as shown in Figure 4 is still shown, namely as transmission projection 12 or 12'.

[0050] Figure 4shows an exemplary embodiment of the molded body 2 on the contact surface 4 and / or the support surface 6. The contact surface 4 and / or the support surface 6 has transfer projections 12, 12' designed as profile elements and can be referred to as a toothed joint, with surfaces 16, 16' offset parallel to one another and flanks 18 running obliquely thereto. With the toothed joint at the contact area of ​​the contact surface 4 and / or the support surface 6, a positive connection can be created between the contact areas of the molded component and a floor or ceiling slab or the building wall 120 arranged above it. The same or a different design can also be provided downwards. The surface of the contact area 4, 6 is covered with a material layer 20 with elastic properties, which in the embodiment shown has different layer thicknesses, for example in a range from 1 mm to approximately 20 mm.The surfaces 16 extend to the side flanks 18 of the transmission projections 12, 12' at an obtuse angle β of approximately 91° to approximately 135°.

[0051] Preferably, an elastomer is used as the material layer 20, which is compressed when a force is applied and returns almost to its original shape after the force acting on the elastomer is removed. Fig. 4 further shows, the layer thickness of the material layer 20 varies. In the embodiment shown, the layer thickness on the surface 16' forming the base of the toothed joint is greater than the layer thickness on the oblique flank 18 formed as a tooth flank and greater than on the surface 16 forming a plateau of the toothed joint. In addition, the different layer sections of the material layer on the various surfaces / flanks 16, 16', 18 can have different elasticities or degrees of hardness.

[0052] The Figure 5shown, reference to the shaped body 2' in Fig. 3 The embodiment has a contact area (in Figure 5 not indicated) and a support surface 6 which has one or more transfer projections 22 projecting from the surface of the shaped body 2'.

[0053] The transfer projection(s) 22 are designed as a type of cuboid-shaped material projection, which is formed in particular in one piece or integrally with the molded body. In contrast to the Figure 4 In the embodiment shown, the transfer projection 22 has flanks 24 running essentially at right angles to the base surface of the contact surface 4 and / or the support surface 6. Thus, a right angle (90°) is provided there, whereas the Figure 4 shows an obtuse angle β.

[0054] The rectangular arrangement enables a secure positive connection between the preformed block 1 and a floor or ceiling slab to be brought into contact with it, or the building wall 120. The positive connection and the associated shear force transmission can be ensured even if the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab move vertically relative to the contact area of ​​the preformed block 1. The vertical flank shape of the transmission projection 22 enables a permanent positive connection.

[0055] In the embodiment shown, the Figure 5 In the left section of the image, a material layer 26 with elastic properties is applied to the surfaces 16, 16' and the flank 24 of the transfer projection 22 at the contact area 4, 6, which layer has a uniform layer thickness there. In the right section of the image of Fig. 5In the embodiment shown, instead of the entire contact area 4, 6, only the flanks 24 of the transmission projection 22 of the shaped body 2' are covered with the material layer 26 made of elastic material.

[0056] Figure 6 shows a molded block 1" with a molded body 2" made of a concrete material, which has a substantially rectangular shape in the area of ​​its contact surfaces 4, 6 to a respective floor slab or building wall. In contrast to the Figure 2In the embodiment shown, the shaped body 2" has a material constriction 28 over its height in cross-section in at least one of its main longitudinal directions. The shaped body 2" of the shaped module 1" has, in particular in a cross-section running transversely to the longitudinal side a`, an outer contour which preferably tapers uniformly from the contact region 4 to approximately the middle of the shaped module, and which preferably widens uniformly again from the middle of the shaped module to the contact region 6 of the shaped module. The longitudinal sides a` of the shaped body 2" thus have a type of wedge-shaped depression.

[0057] Preferably, the Figure 6The molded component 1" shown has two insulating body sections 30, 30' extending to both longitudinal sides a' of the molded body 2", which are connected to the surface areas of the wedge-shaped depressions on the molded body 2" or are inserted therein. The insulating body sections 30, 30' determine at least the external dimensions of the molded component 1" in the direction of its side length b. In the present embodiment, the insulating body sections 30, 30' have the same height as the molded body 2" between the two contact areas 4, 6. The insulating body sections are preferably made of an insulating foam, such as EPS, PUR or XPS.

[0058] Preferably, the Figure 6The molded component 1" shown further has, at its contact regions 4, 6 of the molded body 2", substantially vertically projecting transfer projections 22' which, in the embodiment shown, have a cuboid shape. The transfer projection has dimensions in the direction of the long side a` and in the direction of the long side b` of the molded component 1" that are smaller than the dimensions of the molded body 2" at the level of the contact regions. The length of the transfer projection is to be understood as its dimension in the direction of or parallel to the long side a` of the molded component. The width of the transfer projection is to be understood as its dimension parallel to the long side b` of the molded component 1". The length of the transfer projection 22' has a ratio to the length of the molded component in the range between approximately 0.5 and 0.9.The width of the transfer projection 22' has a ratio of approximately 0.3 to 0.8 to the width of the molded body 2" at the level of the contact areas.

[0059] In the embodiment shown, the molded body 2" and the transmission projections 22' projecting from the contact areas 4, 6 have two feedthrough areas 10' each for a tension element 130. In the embodiment shown, the tension elements 130 are cast directly with the molded body 2" and the transmission projections 22'. The tension elements 130 are concreted into the molded body 2" and the transmission projections 22' projecting therefrom directly during the manufacture of the molded block, preferably using a concrete material.

[0060] For a better comparison of similar or identical components, they may be designated with the same reference symbols. Reference sign list

[0061] 1, 1', 1" preform block 2, 2', 2" preform body 4 contact area 6 support surface 8 insulating body section 9 insulation 10, 10' penetration area 12, 12' transfer projection 14, 14' material layer 16, 16' surface 18 flank 20 material layer 22, 22' transfer projection 24 flank 26 material layer 28 material necking 30, 30' insulating body sections 100 building section 110 floor or ceiling slab 120 building wall 130 tension element

Claims

1. A preformed building block for placement between a reinforced building wall (120) and a reinforced floor or ceiling slab (110), for supporting the building wall (120) on the floor or ceiling slab (110) or for supporting the ceiling slab (110) on the building wall (120), comprising - a preformed body (2, 2') made of a mineral building material, with - a support surface (4) for placing the preformed body (2, 2') on the floor or ceiling slab (110) or above the building wall (120), and - a support surface (6) running substantially parallel to the support surface for the ceiling slab or for placing the building wall (120) thereon, wherein the preformed body (2, 2') has at least one insulating body section; and the shaped body (2, 2') has on its support surface (4) and / or its bearing surface (6) a surface structure for transmitting a shear force between the shaped block and the building wall or structure arranged below and / or above the shaped block (1, 1').the floor or ceiling slab.

2. Mould block according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaped body (2, 2') has a surface structure on its support surface and its bearing surface (4, 6) for transmitting a shear force, wherein the shear force transmittable between the building wall and the shaped body and / or between the floor or ceiling slab preferably has a value above 100 kN / m, preferably a value above 200 kN / m, particularly preferably in the longitudinal direction of the building wall a value above 600 kN / m.

3. Mould block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaped body (2, 2') for forming the surface structure on the contact surface and / or support surface (4, 6) has a predetermined surface roughness with an average roughness depth Rz ≥ 1.5 mm or a maximum profile peak height Rp ≥ 1.1 mm, preferably with an average roughness depth Rz ≥ 3.0 mm or a maximum profile peak height Rp ≥ 2.2 mm.

4. Mould block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the building wall or the floor or ceiling slab is made of in-situ concrete with a predetermined aggregate, and the surface roughness of the contact or support surface (4, 6) corresponds to at least a quarter, preferably half, of the grain size of the largest grain of the grain mixture of the in-situ concrete.

5. Mould block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surface structure has at least one transfer projection (12, 12', 22, 22`) protruding from the contact surface, preferably from the contact surface and the support surface (4, 6) of the shaped body.

6. Mould block according to claim 5, characterized in thatthe transmission projection (12, 12`, 22, 22`) is designed as at least one profile element formed in one piece with the shaped body (2, 2`) or is designed at least as a separate profile part inserted into the contact surface and / or support surface (4, 6) of the shaped body.

7. Mould block according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the transmission projection (12, 12', 22, 22`) has side flanks for transmitting thrust, which preferably run at an obtuse angle β to the support or contact surface (4, 6), in particular in the range of 91 to 135° or are aligned at a right angle to the contact surface and / or support surface.

8. Mould block according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the transmission projection (12, 12', 22, 22`) covers or occupies more than 20%, preferably more than 40%, of the total base area of ​​the contact surface or support surface (4, 6).

9. Mould block according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the profile element is designed as a toothed joint with obliquely running side flanks or as a single projection with vertical side flanks on the contact surface and / or support surface (4, 6), wherein the height of the profile element above the base surface on the contact surface and / or support surface (4, 6) is preferably equal to or greater than 10 mm.

10. Moulded block according to at least one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that on the contact surface and / or the support surface (4, 6) at least two profile elements with the same height and a predetermined distance from one another are provided, wherein the distance has at least four times, preferably eight times, the value of the height.

11. Mould block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in thatthe shaped body (2, 2') has on its contact surface and / or support surface (4, 6) at least in some regions a support layer made of a layer material with soft-elastic properties, preferably an elastomer layer.

12. Mould block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the molded component, preferably the molded body (2, 2') has at least one lead-through region (10, 10') for a tension element (130), which extends in particular from the contact surface (4) to the support surface (6), wherein the lead-through region preferably terminates in a surface region on the contact surface and the support surface (4, 6), which are substantially plane-parallel to one another.

13. Mould block according to claim 12, characterized by a separating or sealing body for the tension element made of a preferably elastic material, which is fixedly arranged in the feed-through area (10, 10').

14. Mould block according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaped body (2, 2') is made essentially of a concrete material, preferably of an ultra-high-strength fiber concrete and / or that the mineral building material has a sigma / lambda ratio of greater than 10, preferably greater than 20, particularly preferably greater than 45.

15. Building section (100) comprising - a floor or ceiling slab (110), - a building wall (120) arranged substantially vertically on or below the floor or ceiling slab (110), - at least one molded block (1, 1') arranged between the floor or ceiling slab (110) and the building wall (120) according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the building section (100) in particular, is characterized by a tension element (130) extending between the building wall (120) and the floor or ceiling slab (110) through the prefabricated block (1, 1').