Method for testing arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices for resistance to background interference

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fire safety and can be used to test devices for protection against arc breakdown and spark gaps installed in electrical networks or electrical installations in premises, structures, buildings, aircraft, ships, railway transport and other objects for resistance to background interference. The claimed method for testing arc fault and spark gap protection devices for resistance to background interference consists in the fact that the diagnosed protection device is connected to an electric circuit comprising an arc fault generation source, an adjustable load, and also sources of background interference connected in parallel to the circuit, one of which is connected in the immediate vicinity of the tested protection device before the arc generator, and the second in the immediate vicinity of the adjustable load, after the arc generator, a current is passed through the electric circuit, the strength of which is determined by the size and nature of the adjustable load – active, inductive or mixed – and is 2.5-63.0 A, the resistance of the tested protection device to background interference is judged by its failure to operate in the mode without generating an electric arc for a set time and operation with opening the circuit and disconnection of the time meter in the mode with generating an electric arc for a set time. The response / non-response time is determined in advance using the interpolation method. The proposed method for testing arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices for resistance to background interference expands the range of methods for the specified purpose and improves the quality of testing arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices for the purpose of preventing fires associated with the occurrence of electric arcs in contact connections with defects and / or high transition resistances.EFFECT: testing of arc flashover and spark gap protection devices for resistance to background interference, increasing the reliability of electrical networks and electrical installations, as well as their fire safety.5 cl, 3 dwg, 9 tbl

Description

[0001] The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, as well as fire safety, and can be used to test devices for protection against arc breakdown and spark gaps installed in electrical networks or electrical installations in premises, structures, buildings, aircraft, ships, railway transport and other objects for resistance to background interference.

[0002] A technical solution is known (Patent RU2739576 C1, IPC H01H69 / 00 published 28.12.2020) that proposes a method for testing arc fault and spark gap protection devices by generating an electric arc, the current of which is determined by the magnitude and nature of the load on the adjustable load unit. When an electric arc occurs, a timing device is started. When a serviceable arc fault occurs, the arc triggers the protection device, disconnecting the timing device and stopping the arc. The timing device records the tripping time of the protection device. This method only tests the protection device for arc faults and spark gaps in the protected circuit, and does not take into account the appearance of background interference sources in the network from various modern equipment. Thus, loads that create background interference include:

[0003] - household appliances containing electric motors (vacuum cleaners, hand-held power tools, hair dryers, meat grinders, blenders, washing machines, etc.);

[0004] - electronically commutated power supplies;

[0005] - electronic dimmers for incandescent lamps;

[0006] - fluorescent, fluorescent and halogen lamps.

[0007] The presence of the above-mentioned electrical equipment results in background interference in the power supply network of consumers. The interference from these sources is similar in spectral composition to the spectrum generated by arcing faults and spark gaps. Background interference from loads may be interpreted by the arcing fault and spark gap protection device (hereinafter referred to as the protection device) as an actual arcing fault, leading to false tripping. If a real arcing fault occurs in the network, the presence of loads generating background interference distorts the overall frequency spectrum, and the protection device does not trip, since the tripping criteria are not met.

[0008] The claimed invention solves the technical problem of ensuring safe testing of all types of arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices of any type and manufacturer, domestic and foreign, for immunity to background interference, improving the quality of testing of arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices, as well as expanding the arsenal of methods for testing arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices, in a way that simultaneously allows testing of protection devices for effective operation during arc-fault and spark-gap protection, as well as for immunity to background interference, eliminating the shortcomings of the analogue.

[0009] The technical result is the implementation of the specified purpose, ensuring the testing of arc fault and spark gap protection devices and their resistance to background interference, improving the quality of testing of arc fault and spark gap protection devices, increasing the reliability of electrical networks and electrical installations, as well as their fire safety.

[0010] The technical result is achieved by connecting the tested arc fault and spark gap protection devices to background interference in the claimed method. The device being tested is connected to an electrical circuit containing an arc generator, an adjustable load, and parallel-connected sources of background interference. One of these sources is connected in close proximity to the tested device before the arc generator, and the other is connected in close proximity to the adjustable load after the arc generator. This arrangement of the background interference is necessary to test the protection device for arcs and arc faults under various background interference conditions that occur in practice.It should be noted that testing of protection devices from various manufacturers revealed protection devices that do not respond to arcing when the background interference source is located before the generator, devices that do not respond to arcing when the background interference source is located after the generator, and devices that do not respond to arcing when both of these background interference source locations are present. This necessitates the two sources of background interference used in the claimed method and their specified locations. A current is passed through the electrical circuit, the strength of which is determined by the magnitude and nature of the regulated load (active, inductive, or mixed) and ranges from 2.5 to 63.0 A.The immunity of the tested protective device to background interference is assessed by its response in two modes: failure to trip in the non-arc mode, and tripping within a specified time with circuit opening in the arc-generating mode using an arc generator. When a generated arc occurs, the timing device is activated. When the arc strikes a functioning protective device, the timing device trips, disabling the timing device and stopping the arc. The timing device records the tripping time. This method for testing arc-fault and spark gap protection devices for immunity to background interference eliminates false tripping of the tested protective device due to background interference or its failure to trip at the required time.

[0011] The essence of the claimed invention is explained by figures 1-3, which show:

[0012] Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a device for implementing a method for testing arc flashover and spark gap protection devices for resistance to background interference.

[0013] Fig. 2 shows an oscillogram of the current without sources of background interference and electric arc when the load current flows through the tested protective device.

[0014] Fig. 3 shows oscillograms of currents with different sources of background interference when the load current flows through the device under test.

[0015] a) - power supply with electronic switching - configuration A;

[0016] b) - power supply with electronic switching - configuration B;

[0017] c) - compressor;

[0018] g) - electronic regulator (thyristor type) of lamp luminous intensity - configuration B;

[0019] d) - electronic regulator (thyristor type) of lamp luminous intensity - configuration D;

[0020] e) - halogen lamps of 12 W with a total power of at least 300 W, powered by an electronic transformer - configuration B;

[0021] g) - electric hand drill - configuration D;

[0022] z) - two fluorescent lamps of 40 W each - configuration D.

[0023] The obtained current oscillograms can be used to analyze the transient processes of current components, as well as to determine the operating algorithm and response criteria of protection devices.

[0024] The proposed method is implemented using a device, the block diagram of which is shown in Fig. 1, and contains: an automatic switch 1 from short-circuit and overload currents, a protection device 2, a source (generator) 3 of an electric arc; a command generation unit 4 of a time meter, consisting of a starter and a limit switch; a time meter 5; an adjustable load 6, an electric current meter 7, sources 8, 9 of background interference.

[0025] The claimed method is intended for conducting tests necessary to confirm the immunity to background interference of protection devices against serial arc breakdown and spark gaps.

[0026] The claimed method is used to carry out various types of checks, such as:

[0027] - checking the proper operation when a series arc occurs unexpectedly in the circuit;

[0028] - checking the proper operation in case of input of load with serial arc breakdown;

[0029] - checking the proper operation in case of switching on to a sequential arc breakdown.

[0030] Conducting tests on

[0031] - resistance to background interference with a connected load that creates background interference;

[0032] and with the appropriate connection it is possible to check for

[0033] - resistance to background interference with electromagnetic interference filter;

[0034] - resistance to background interference with line impedance.

[0035] In addition, using the claimed method, tests are carried out to ensure that the protection device will not operate in a situation where it should not operate:

[0036] - crosstalk;

[0037] - for short-term interference;

[0038] - with multiple interference loads.

[0039] The method for testing arc fault and spark gap protection devices for resistance to background interference is carried out as follows in two modes.

[0040] I mode without generation of electrical arc breakdowns.

[0041] When circuit breaker 1 is turned on, mains voltage is supplied to the input of protection device 2. When protection device 2 is turned on, a signal is generated to turn on command generation unit 4 of time meter 5 - the starter is triggered, preparing the circuit of time meter 5 by closing the contacts, and current flows through the closed electrodes of arc generator 3 and the connected adjustable load 6, measured by current meter 7. Electric arc source 3 operates in the conductor mode and does not generate an arc. The strength of the flowing current is determined by the size and nature of the adjustable load (active, inductive or mixed) and is 2.5-63.0 A. Arc current is measured by electric current meter 7. Background interference source 8 is installed in close proximity to protection device 2. Background interference source 9 is installed in close proximity to adjustable load 6.When the load current flows, a properly functioning protection device (2) should not trip due to background interference sources (8, 9) in the circuit. If the protection device (2) malfunctions, it trips and opens the circuit.

[0042] II mode with generation of electric arc breakdowns.

[0043] When circuit breaker 1 is turned on, mains voltage is supplied to the input of protection device 2. When protection device 2 is turned on, a signal is generated to turn on the command generation unit 4 of the time meter - the starter is triggered, preparing the circuit of time meter 5, for example, a stopwatch (by closing contacts), and current flows through the closed electrodes of arc generator 3 and the connected adjustable load 6, measured by current meter 7, for example, an ammeter. Using electric arc source 3, an arc is generated by separating the electrodes, while the limit switch is triggered, and the time meter 5 starts. The strength of the flowing current is determined by the size and nature of the adjustable load (active, inductive or mixed) and is 2.5-63.0 A. Arc current is measured by electric current meter 7. Source 8 of background interference is installed in the immediate vicinity of protection device 2.Source 9 of background interference is installed in close proximity to adjustable load 6. When an electric arc occurs, timing meter 5 is activated. When the arc is active, the protective device trips, disabling the timing meter and stopping the arc. The timing meter records the trip time of the protective device. If the protective device malfunctions, no tripping occurs, and the circuit is forcibly opened.

[0044] The proposed invention is illustrated by an example of its implementation by checking the resistance of protection devices to background interference with a connected load that creates background interference.

[0045] To implement the claimed method, a test bench was created for testing arc flashover and spark gap protection devices for resistance to background interference, for low arc currents - up to 63 A, designed as follows.

[0046] The stand base is mounted on a frame made of metal profiles. All elements are screwed to the dielectric base (in this case, a dielectric plastic measuring 1000x600x45mm). The current path between the elements is provided by connecting wires. The stand weighs 18 kg. Elements 6, 9, and 10 of the device are connected via sockets (not shown in the diagram) and can be connected to the circuit via toggle switches (not shown in the diagram).

[0047] When implementing the invention, the following list of test equipment (TE) and measuring instruments (MI) was used:

[0048] Double-pole circuit breaker (VA47-29, Russia);

[0049] Starter (PML-1100, Russia);

[0050] Stopwatch PV 53L, Russia;

[0051] Ammeter E-539, Russia;

[0052] Oscilloscope-Multimeter FLUKE 123B, Romania;

[0053] Flexible current transformers of the AmpFLEX series, model A100, France;

[0054] Meter IVTM-7, JSC "EKSIS" Russia;

[0055] Terminals for connecting tested protection devices and various types of loads (ZMT, Ukraine);

[0056] Sockets for connecting adjustable loads and sources of background interference (RDE-47, China);

[0057] Toggle switches (E-SG, China);

[0058] DIN rail for installing the tested UZDP (KEAZ, Russia)

[0059] Arc generator (in-house production in accordance with RU199462 U1, 09 / 02 / 2020).

[0060] The operating principle of the stand is based on the fact that when an arc current flows through the test object (UZDP), it should trigger / not trigger.

[0061] Tests for the immunity of the UZDP to background interference, checking the proper operation of the UZDP using the example of switching on an arc breakdown are carried out as follows.

[0062] Tests are conducted under specific standard climatic conditions, determined using the IVTM-7 measuring device. In our case, temperature: +21°C, humidity: 47%, and atmospheric pressure: 762 mmHg. Changing climatic conditions may alter the device's response time.

[0063] Technical characteristics of the implemented claimed device:

[0064] Power supply voltage 198-242 B Load current: internal load 0-3 A external load 0-63 A Operating time under load 0-10 sec Permissible absolute measurement error: time ± 0.03 sec current ±1.6 A

[0065] The proper operation of the UZDP is checked in different connection configurations of background interference sources A-D, namely:

[0066] Configuration A: The background interference source 9 is installed behind the arc generator, there is no adjustable load;

[0067] Configuration B: The background interference source 8 is installed in close proximity to the protective device being tested, and the adjustable load is installed behind the arc generator;

[0068] Configuration C: The background interference source 9 is installed behind the arc generator, and the adjustable load is in close proximity to the protective device being tested;

[0069] Configuration D: Both the background interference source 9 and the adjustable load are installed behind the arc generator.

[0070] The first series of tests is carried out without a load creating background interference. The tested arc-fault and spark-gap protection device 2 is mounted on a DIN rail and connected to the test terminals using special wires included in the test bench kit. The arc-fault protection device (UZDP) and arc generator 3 are connected in a circuit as shown in Fig. 1 with a current set using an active adjustable load 6. Circuit breaker 1 is disconnected during circuit assembly. The test voltage is the rated voltage of arc-fault and spark-gap protection device 2. Each arc-fault and spark-gap protection device 2 is tested three times at 2.5 A for a rated voltage of 230 V.

[0071] The results of testing six samples of the arc-fault and spark gap protection device 2, from one of the manufacturers present on the Russian market, without a load that creates background interference, are presented in Table 1.

[0072] The data in Table 1 show that all test samples in the test without a load that creates background interference correspond to the response time established by the interpolation method.

[0073] Table 1.

[0074] Response time Conclusion Sample 1 0,05 Corresponds 0,09 0,1 Sample 2 0,15 Corresponds 0,11 0,1 Sample 3 0,1 Corresponds 0,1 0,11 Sample 4 0,14 Corresponds 0,12 0,1 Sample 5 0,09 Corresponds 0,1 0,11 Sample 6 0,16 Corresponds 0,12 0,11

[0075] Then a second series of tests is conducted with loads generating background interference, using the same active load. Arc and spark gap protection device 2, if present, adjustable active load 6, arc generator 3, and background interference sources 8 and 9 are connected in each of the configurations A-D.

[0076] The circuit is assembled in accordance with the specified configuration, depending on the connected load that generates background interference. The corresponding load is connected to sockets (not shown in the diagrams) depending on the configuration. When circuit breaker 1 is turned on, mains voltage is applied to the input of the tested device 2 for protection against arc breakdown and spark gaps, which is then turned on. The current meter displays the flowing current. Current begins to flow through the still-closed arc generator 3 and the connected adjustable load 6 through the sockets, depending on the required configuration, and is measured by an ammeter. The current magnitude is determined by the circuit configuration and the nature of the load. The arc generator's electrodes are manually opened by a manual drive, creating a spark gap followed by the formation of a stable electric arc. If it is necessary to record the arc current oscillogram, an oscilloscope is used.When exposed to an arc, the arc-fault and spark-gap protection device 8 under test trips, shuts down automatically, and ceases burning. The oscilloscope records a current waveform, which, like a stopwatch, is used to determine the response time of the arc-fault and spark-gap protection device 2 under test. Based on the measured time, the arc-fault and spark-gap protection device 2's immunity to background interference is assessed, and a conclusion is issued regarding the serviceability of the arc-fault and spark-gap protection device 8.

[0077] The arc and spark gap protection devices 2 are tested with each of the following loads that create background interference:

[0078] - vacuum cleaner: 5-7 A for rated voltage of 230 V universal motor full load - start and operation;

[0079] - power source(s) with electronic commutation: full load current of at least 2.5 A for the nominal voltage of the UZDP of 230 V with a minimum total harmonic distortion factor of 100% and individual minimum harmonic current components of the 3rd order - 75%, 5th order - 50% and 7th order - 25%. The power source(s) is(are) turned on;

[0080] - Capacitor Start Motor (Air Compressor Type): Peak Starting Current 65A ±10% for 230V UZDP Rated Voltage, Load Start (The Compressor Operates Without Air Pressure in the Air Receiver) and Control. For 230V UZDP Rated Voltage, a 2.2kW Capacitor Start Motor (Air Compressor Type) is used;

[0081] - Electronic regulator (thyristor type) of tungsten filament incandescent lamps for 120 V 1000 W UZDP with a filter coil to control a 1000 W load consisting of four 150 W lamps and four 100 W lamps. Electronic regulator (thyristor type) of tungsten filament incandescent lamps for 230 V 600 W UZDP with a filter coil to control a 600 W load consisting of tungsten lamps; the regulator is turned on at the maximum setting, conduction angles of 60 °, 90 °, 120 °, and at the minimum setting that causes the lamps to glow;

[0082] - two 40W fluorescent lamps with an additional 5A active load;

[0083] - 12 W halogen lamps with a total power of at least 300 W. Powered by an electronic transformer, with an additional active load of 5 A;

[0084] - electric hand tool (eg drill) with a power of at least 600 W.

[0085] Limiting values ​​of the tripping criterion of the UZDP for low arc currents - up to 63 A, at which the UZDP must trip due to an arc breakdown - the time specified in Table 2, established for the option with an arc generator.

[0086] Table 2. Limit values ​​of tripping time for UZDP at U n = 230 V

[0087] Arc test current, A (actual value) 2.5 5.0 10.0 16.0 32.0 63.0 Maximum shutdown time, s 2.50 1.25 0.625 0.375 0.3 0.3

[0088] If the test current to which the AFDD is subjected does not correspond to the values ​​in Table 2, then the permissible tripping time shall be determined by linear interpolation between the tripping time values ​​above and below the actual test current.

[0089] For configurations A or C, this test is not required for conditions in which the load current generating background interference, measured before arcing in the circuit, is less than 2.5 A (rms) for a 230 V AFDD. The test voltage is the rated voltage of the AFDD. Each AFDD is tested three times for each load configuration. In the first and second test series with the arc generator, the electrodes should initially touch each other, closing the circuit. Then, the electrodes are slowly moved apart by lateral adjustment until an arc is formed.

[0090] The results of testing 6 samples present on the Russian market with loads creating various background interference are presented in Tables 3-9.

[0091] The maximum tripping time for configurations A-D is obtained by interpolation.

[0092] The data in Table 3 show that none of the tested samples exhibits immunity to background interference (5.1 A vacuum cleaner), and requires improvement.

[0093] Table 3

[0094] 5.1 A vacuum cleaner Configuration A - 5.1 A; T МАХ off=1.24 s Configuration B - 7.6 A; Configuration C - 7.6 A; Configuration D - 7.6 A; T МАХ off=0.925 s

[0095] Conf.A Conf.B Conf.C Conf.D Conclusion Sample 1 0,04 1,2 0,13 0,31 Does not correspond 0,04 0,68 0,13 0,16 0,04 0,9 0,24 0,34 Sample 2 0,04 1,41 0,05 0,05 Does not correspond 0,06 1,91 0,05 0,18 0,09 It didn't work. 0,15 0,09 Sample 3 1,08 1,56 0,12 0,06 Does not correspond 0,05 It didn't work. 0,11 0,05 0,04 It didn't work. 0,08 0,14 Sample 4 0,06 It didn't work. 0,06 0,35 Does not correspond 0,06 It didn't work. 0,21 0,19 0,06 It didn't work. 0,24 0,19 Sample 5 0,04 It didn't work. 0,28 0,08 Does not correspond 0,23 It didn't work. 0,17 0,05 0,3 It didn't work. 0,39 0,05 Sample 6 0,05 It didn't work. 0,11 0,22 Does not correspond 0,07 It didn't work. 0,04 0,06 0,05 It didn't work. 0,12 0,06

[0096] Table 4

[0097] Electronically commutated power supply(s) Configuration A - 2.6 A; T МАХ off = 2.45 s; Configuration B - 5.1 A; Configuration C - 5.1 A; Configuration D - 5.1 A. T МАХ off = 1.24 s

[0098] Conf.A Conf.B Conf.C Conf.D Conclusion Sample 1 0,1 It didn't work. 0,26 0,07 Does not correspond 0,17 It didn't work. 0,23 0,05 0,14 It didn't work. 0,23 0,04 Sample 2 0,09 It didn't work. 0,24 0,08 Does not correspond 0,07 It didn't work. 0,29 0,12 0,08 It didn't work. 0,38 0,07 Sample 3 0,2 It didn't work. 0,16 0,05 Does not correspond 0,15 It didn't work. 0,17 0,07 0,15 It didn't work. 0,13 0,06 Continuation of Table 4 Sample 4 0,1 It didn't work. 0,06 0,05 Does not correspond 0,08 It didn't work. 0,11 0,04 0,05 It didn't work. 0,16 0,04 Sample 5 0,08 It didn't work. 0,09 0,04 Does not correspond 0,18 It didn't work. 0,1 0,05 0,15 It didn't work. 0,09 0,04 Sample 6 0,12 It didn't work. 0,24 0,08 Does not correspond 0,08 It didn't work. 0,08 0,1 0,1 It didn't work. 0,22 0,07

[0099] The data in Table 4 show that none of the test samples exhibit immunity to background interference (electronically switched power supply(s)).

[0100] Table 5

[0101] Air compressor motor Configuration A - 8.5A; T МАХ off = 0.81 s; Configuration B - 11 A; Configuration C - 11 A; Configuration D - 11 A; T МАХ off = 0.55 s

[0102] Conf.A Conf.B Conf.C Conf.D Conclusion Sample 1 0,4 It didn't work. 0,36 0,41 Does not correspond 0,38 It didn't work. 0,62 0,27 0,36 It didn't work. 0,05 0,42 Sample 2 0,12 It didn't work. It didn't work. 0,22 Does not correspond 0,05 It didn't work. It didn't work. 0,22 0,42 It didn't work. It didn't work. 0,24 Sample 3 0,06 0,84 0,13 0,15 Does not correspond 0,13 It didn't work. 0,16 0,1 0,09 It didn't work. 0,09 0,07 Sample 4 0,05 It didn't work. 0,68 0,24 Does not correspond 0,14 It didn't work. 0,41 0,12 0,32 It didn't work. 0,52 0,17 Sample 5 0,25 It didn't work. 0,5 0,4 Does not correspond 0,08 It didn't work. 0,27 0,33 0,41 It didn't work. 0,21 It didn't work. Continuation of Table 5 Sample 6 0,05 0,21 It didn't work. 0,21 Does not correspond 0,1 It didn't work. It didn't work. 0,08 0,07 It didn't work. It didn't work. 0,08

[0103] The data in Table 5 shows that none of the test samples exhibits immunity to background interference (air compressor motor).

[0104] Table 6

[0105] Electronic dimmer (thyristor type) for tungsten filament incandescent lamps for 230V, 600W UZDP with filter coil for controlling a 600W load consisting of tungsten lamps; the dimmer is on at the maximum setting, conduction angles of 60°, 90°, 120°, and at the minimum setting causing the lamps to glow

[0106] Configuration A Configurations B, C, D IMAX= 2.53 A; TMAX trip = 2.49 s I60= 2.4 A; TMAX trip ≤ 2.5 s I90 = 2.06 A; TMAX trip ≤ 2.5 s I120= 1.77 A; TMAX trip ≤ 2.5 s IMIN= 1.2 A; TMAX trip ≤ 2.5 s IMAX= 5.4 A; TMAX off = 1.2 s I60= 5.36 A; TMAX off = 1.205 s I90 = 5.22 A; TMAX off = 1.22 s I120= 4.06 A; TMAX off = 1.37 s IMIN= 3.53 A; TMAX off = 1.43 s

[0107] Conf.A Conf.B Conf.C Conf.D Conclusion max 60° 90° 120° min max 60° 90° 120° min max 60° 90° 120° min max 60° 90° 120° min Sample 1 0,2 0,18 0,08 0,24 0,06 It didn't work 1,48 1,36 0,54 0,3 0,24 0,24 0,1 0,28 0,25 0,1 0,15 0,58 0,28 0,19 Does not correspond 0,24 0,36 0,15 0,18 0,18 1,44 1,12 1,20 0,48 0,48 0,12 0,15 0,08 0,15 0,24 0,19 0,36 0,32 0,38 0,08 0,19 0,36 0,32 0,38 0,08 1,29 1,14 0,42 0,36 0,8 0,28 0,15 0,2 0,1 0,27 0,18 0,3 0,18 0,43 0,06 Sample 2 0,5 0,22 0,36 0,14 0,2 It didn't work 0,52 0,54 0,6 1,42 0,14 0,18 0,12 0,15 0,22 0,38 0,3 0,32 0,1 0,16 Does not correspond 0,74 0,14 0,06 0,44 0,24 1,17 1,0 0,66 0,54 1,44 0,16 0,12 0,11 0,24 0,26 0,24 0,34 0,98 1,06 0,2 0,3 0,38 0,07 0,28 0,26 1,3 2,12 0,4 0,05 1,33 0,27 0,08 0,18 0,24 0,16 0,3 0,7 0,46 0,25 0,16 Sample 3 0,07 0,3 0,22 0,14 0,12 2,14 1,4 It didn't work 0,7 0,76 0,12 0,14 0,3 0,24 0,14 0,26 0,33 1,52 0,2 0,14 Does not correspond 0,14 0,13 0,07 0,04 0,06 0,94 1,32 0,32 0,8 1,27 0,18 0,24 0,24 0,28 0,24 0,26 0,3 1,68 0,84 0,19 0,08 0,09 0,08 0,06 0,05 0,8 1,2 0,97 0,46 2,22 0,16 0,15 0,2 0,18 0,22 0,14 0,26 1,38 1,22 0,14 Sample 4 0,26 0,14 0,05 0,03 0,05 0,28 0,22 0,16 0,24 0,32 0,22 0,12 0,08 0,1 0,11 0,06 0,11 0,2 0,13 0,05 Corresponds 0,05 0,12 0,07 0,06 0,03 0,53 0,24 0,16 0,36 0,52 0,16 0,12 0,14 0,12 0,1 0,13 0,14 0,15 0,12 0,08 0,06 0,9 0,05 0,04 0,08 0,22 0,18 0,41 0,24 0,36 0,14 0,13 0,12 0,13 0,09 0,16 0,15 0,16 0,11 0,06 Sample 5 0,08 0,3 0,12 0,1 0,36 It didn't work 1,2 0,72 0,75 0,6 0,26 0,84 0,35 0,18 0,16 0,23 0,22 0,16 0,36 0,2 Does not correspond 0,28 0,03 0,14 0,05 0,4 2,76 0,45 0,32 0,46 1,36 0,32 1,32 0,24 0,48 0,09 0,2 0,28 0,36 0,3 0,18 0,19 0,22 0,16 0,28 0,27 1,98 1,35 0,46 0,6 0,98 0,34 0,34 0,26 0,1 0,15 0,15 0,16 0,24 0,24 0,17 Sample 6 0,18 0,14 0,06 0,21 0,16 1,94 0,65 1,06 1,44 1,53 0,19 0,22 0,09 0,24 0,38 0,41 0,23 0,26 0,3 0,11 Does not correspond 0,22 0,1 0,12 0,2 0,24 1,44 0,5 0,48 1,83 1,4 0,3 0,22 0,22 0,38 0,12 1,25 0,3 0,31 0,08 0,17 0,07 0,04 0,06 0,2 0,23 0,82 1,05 0,71 2,64 1,36 0,3 0,57 0,2 0,2 0,18 0,26 0,22 0,36 0,16 0,14

[0108] ***For Configuration A or C, this test is not required for conditions where the load current producing the background noise, measured before arcing occurs in the circuit, is less than 2.5A (rms) for a 230V AFDD.

[0109] The data in Table 6 show that of the tested samples, sample 4 exhibits immunity to background interference (electronic regulator (thyristor type) of tungsten filament incandescent lamp luminosity for 230 V, 600 W UZDP with a filter coil for controlling a 600 W load consisting of tungsten lamps), the remaining samples 1-3 and 5-6 do not exhibit this.

[0110] Table 7

[0111] Two 40W fluorescent lamps with an additional 5A active load; Configuration A - 5.1A; T МАХ off=1.24 s; Configuration B - 7.6 A; Configuration C - 7.6 A; Configuration D - 7.6 A. T МАХ off=0.925 s

[0112] Conf.A Conf.B Conf.C Conf.D Conclusion Sample 1 0,09 0,9 0,04 0,51 Corresponds 0,18 0,71 0,25 0,08 0,23 0,43 0,04 0,13 Sample 2 0,21 1,68 0,08 0,08 Does not correspond 0,26 4,02 0,13 0,18 0,34 It didn't work 0,87 0,18 Sample 3 1,06 1,15 0,08 0,18 Does not correspond 0,11 3,58 0,07 0,32 0,06 3,4 0,11 0,43 Sample 4 0,09 0,64 0,13 0,2 Corresponds 0,13 0,74 0,05 0,06 0,14 0,9 0,04 0,3 Sample 5 0,07 It didn't work 0,05 0,32 Does not correspond 0,11 1,98 0,17 0,11 0,14 2,5 0,43 0,09 Sample 6 0,14 1,56 0,06 0,06 Does not correspond 0,44 Don't fight 0,06 0,08 0,13 2,2 0,12 0,04

[0113] The data in Table 7 show that of the tested samples, samples 1 and 4 exhibit immunity to background interference (two 40 W fluorescent lamps with an additional 5 A active load), while samples 2-3 and 5-6 do not.

[0114] Table 8

[0115] 12V halogen lamps with a total power of 300W, powered by an electronic transformer, with an additional active load of 5A

[0116] Configuration A - 6.3 A;T МАХ откл =1.09 s;Configuration B - 8.8 A; Configuration C - 8.8 A; Configuration D - 8.8 A;T МАХ откл =0.775 s

[0117] Conf.A Conf.B Conf.C Conf.D Conclusion Sample 1 0,11 It didn't work 0,08 0,13 Does not correspond 0,12 0,96 0,11 0,07 0,16 0,98 0,13 0,12 Sample 2 0,26 It didn't work 0,14 0,12 Does not correspond 0,27 It didn't work 0,12 0,35 0,04 It didn't work 0,27 0,18 Sample 3 0,2 0,42 0,06 0,07 Corresponds 0,13 0,75 0,09 0,05 0,08 0,45 0,09 0,05 Sample 4 0,04 0,4 0,04 0,04 Corresponds 0,06 0,54 0,06 0,04 0,11 0,28 0,05 0,06 Sample 5 0,07 0,27 0,08 0,08 Does not correspond 0,12 1,23 0,08 0,07 0,06 0,52 0,06 0,08 Sample 6 0,04 1,05 0,04 0,07 Does not correspond 0,04 1,34 0,07 0,08 0,08 0,66 0,07 0,08

[0118] The data in Table 8 show that of the tested samples, sample 3 exhibits immunity to background interference (12 V halogen lamps with a total power of 300 W, powered by an electronic transformer, with an additional active load of 5 A), while samples 1-2 and 4-6 do not.

[0119] Table 9

[0120] 680W Electric Hand Tool

[0121] Configuration A - 0.93 A;T МАХ откл ≤ 2.5 s; Configuration B - 3.5 A; Configuration C - 3.5 A; Configuration D - 3.5 A.T МАХ откл =2.0 s

[0122] Conf.B Conf.D Conclusion Sample 1 It didn't work 0,08 Does not correspond It didn't work 0,06 It didn't work 0,06 Sample 2 It didn't work 0,04 Does not correspond It didn't work 0,04 It didn't work 0,11 Sample 3 It didn't work 0,03 Does not correspond It didn't work 0,04 It didn't work 0,04 Sample 4 1,88 0,04 Does not correspond It didn't work 0,06 It didn't work 0,06 Sample 5 It didn't work 0,04 Does not correspond 2,44 0,04 It didn't work 0,03 Sample 6 It didn't work 0,03 Does not correspond It didn't work 0,03 It didn't work 0,05

[0123] For configuration A or C, this test is not required for conditions where the load current producing background noise, measured before arcing occurs in the circuit, is below 2.5 A (rms) for a 230 V AFDD.

[0124] The data in Table 9 show that none of the tested samples exhibits immunity to background interference (680 W electric hand tool) and requires further improvement.

[0125] Thus, the proposed invention ensures a safe and effective test of the resistance to background interference of all types of arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices of domestic and foreign manufacturers, and also expands the arsenal of methods for testing arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices in a way that simultaneously has the ability to test arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices for resistance to background interference.

[0126] The proposed method for testing arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices for resistance to background interference allows for improving the quality of testing of arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices in order to prevent fires associated with the occurrence of an electric arc in contact connections with defects and / or high transition resistances.

Claims

1. A method for testing arc-fault and spark-gap protection devices for resistance to background interference, which consists in connecting the diagnosed protection device to an electric circuit containing an arc-fault generation source, an adjustable load, and sources of background interference connected in parallel to the circuit, one of which is connected in the immediate vicinity of the tested protection device before the arc generator, and the second in the immediate vicinity of the adjustable load, after the arc generator, a current is passed through the electric circuit, and the resistance of the tested protection device to background interference is judged by its failure to operate in the mode without generating an electric arc and operation with opening the circuit within a set time in the mode with generating an electric arc.

2. A method for testing arc-fault and spark gap protection devices for resistance to background interference according to paragraph 1, characterized in that an arc generator is used as a source for generating an arc-fault.

3. A method for testing arc-fault and spark gap protection devices for resistance to background interference according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the sources of background interference can be included in the circuit simultaneously or one after the other.

4. A method for testing arc flashover and spark gap protection devices for resistance to background interference according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the current passed through the electrical circuit is determined by the size and nature of the adjustable load - active, inductive or mixed - and is 2.5-63.0 A.

5. A method for testing arc flashover and spark gap protection devices for resistance to background interference according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the response time is set in advance by interpolation.

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