6xxx series aluminum alloy forming method and aluminum alloy part prepared using same, and automobile

Abstract

A 6XXX series aluminum alloy forming method. The method comprises: heating a 6XXX series aluminum alloy raw material, wherein the heating temperature is lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, and controlling the heat obtained by the aluminum alloy raw material per unit mass to reach a preset heat range; and carrying out subsequent treatment on the heated aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy part. Also provided are an aluminum alloy part prepared using the forming method and an automobile comprising the aluminum alloy part. According to the forming method, the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material is lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, so that the strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy raw material is not melted, and the quality can be guaranteed in the subsequent treatment of the material.

Description

A forming method for 6XXX series aluminum alloy and aluminum alloy parts and automobiles obtained therefrom

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese application No. 202310086707.8 filed on January 18, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This specification relates to the field of aluminum alloy processing, and in particular to a forming method of a 6XXX series aluminum alloy and aluminum alloy parts and automobiles obtained therefrom. Background Art

[0004] In recent years, with the increasing demand for lightweight vehicles, aluminum alloys have played an increasingly important role in lightweighting in the aviation, automotive and other fields. 6XXX series aluminum alloys, due to their excellent formability, are widely used in complex parts.

[0005] Currently, the hot forming production process for 6XXX series aluminum alloys requires the temperature to reach above the solid solution temperature and the heating time is 10 minutes to 30 minutes. There are common problems such as high sheet heating temperature and long heating time, resulting in low overall production efficiency and high energy consumption. At the same time, in terms of formability, the product surface is prone to wrinkling and cracking, and it is impossible to achieve both high ductility and strength.

[0006] Therefore, it is desirable to provide a forming method for a 6XXX series aluminum alloy and aluminum alloy parts and automobiles obtained therefrom, which can take into account both easy machinability, high ductility and high strength.

[0007] Summary of the Invention

[0008] One or more embodiments of the present specification provide a forming method for a 6XXX series aluminum alloy, the method comprising: heating a 6XXX series aluminum alloy raw material for a preset time, the heating temperature being lower than the solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, and controlling the heat obtained by a unit mass of the aluminum alloy raw material to reach a preset heat range; and performing subsequent processing on the heated aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy part.

[0009] In some embodiments, the preset heat range is 320 kJ / kg-450 kJ / kg.

[0010] In some embodiments, the preset heat range is 370kJ / kg-400kJ / kg.

[0011] In some embodiments, the heating temperature is 50°C-100°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material.

[0012] In some embodiments, the heating temperature is 70°C-90°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material.

[0013] In some embodiments, heating the 6XXX series aluminum alloy raw material includes: when the heating temperature is 50°C-100°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, heating the aluminum alloy raw material for a preset time by a heating device, wherein the preset time is 1 min-8 min.

[0014] In some embodiments, when the heating temperature is 50°C-100°C lower than the solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, the aluminum alloy raw material is heated for a preset time by a heating device, including: when the heating temperature is 70°C-90°C lower than the solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, the preset time is 2min-5min.

[0015] In some embodiments, the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is 0.8 mm-5.0 mm, and the preset time is related to the thickness.

[0016] In some embodiments, the thickness is 0.8 mm to 3 mm.

[0017] In some embodiments, the preset time increases with the increase of the thickness, and the preset time increases by 0s-120s for every 1mm increase in the thickness.

[0018] In some embodiments, when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is less than 1 mm, the preset time is 0s-240s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than 2 mm, the preset time is 120s-300s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than 3 mm, the preset time is 180s-360s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 3 mm and less than 4 mm, the preset time is 240s-420s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 4 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm, the preset time is 300s-480s.

[0019] In some embodiments, the subsequent processing includes: transferring the heated aluminum alloy raw material to a mold, performing stamping and pressure-holding cooling to obtain a drawn part; and heating the drawn part to obtain the aluminum alloy part.

[0020] In some embodiments, the stamping start temperature is 80%-88% of the heating temperature.

[0021] In some embodiments, the transfer time of the transfer is less than 15 seconds.

[0022] In some embodiments, the stamping speed of the stamping equipment in the stamping forming is not less than 80 mm / s.

[0023] In some embodiments, the punching speed is 120 mm / s-330 mm / s.

[0024] In some embodiments, the cooling rate during the pressure-maintaining cooling does not exceed 60° C. / s.

[0025] In some embodiments, the pressure of the pressure-maintaining cooling is 0.8 MPa-2 MPa.

[0026] In some embodiments, the pressure-maintaining cooling includes: cooling the formed part after stamping to below 200° C. and performing natural air cooling.

[0027] In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy raw material is pretreated before being heated; the pretreatment includes spraying a lubricant on the surface of the aluminum alloy raw material so that the friction coefficient between the mold and the aluminum alloy raw material is no higher than 0.2.

[0028] In some embodiments, at a temperature of 20° C., the dynamic viscosity of the lubricant is no more than 50 mPa·s, and the density of the lubricant is 0.97 g / cm 3 -0.99g / cm 3 , the pH value of the lubricant is 9-10.

[0029] In some embodiments, the 6XXX series aluminum alloy includes at least one of a 6014 aluminum alloy, a 6016 aluminum alloy, a 6061 aluminum alloy, or a 6082 aluminum alloy.

[0030] In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy raw material is a T4 aluminum alloy or an O aluminum alloy.

[0031] One or more embodiments of the present specification provide an aluminum alloy part, which is prepared by the aforementioned 6XXX series aluminum alloy forming method.

[0032] One or more embodiments of the present specification provide a car comprising the aforementioned aluminum alloy parts.

[0033] In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy parts are located at one or more of the four door inner panels, four door outer panels, side panels, and structural reinforcements of the vehicle body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] This specification will be further described in the form of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting, and in these embodiments, like numbers represent like structures, wherein:

[0035] FIG1 is an exemplary flow chart of a forming method of a 6XXX series aluminum alloy according to some embodiments of the present specification;

[0036] FIG2 is an exemplary flow chart of subsequent processing according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0037] FIG3 is a partial photograph of an aluminum alloy part obtained according to Example 1 of this specification;

[0038] FIG4 is a partial photograph of an aluminum alloy part obtained according to Comparative Example 1 of this specification;

[0039] FIG5 is a partial photograph of an aluminum alloy part obtained according to Comparative Example 2 of this specification;

[0040] FIG6 is a partial photograph of an aluminum alloy part obtained according to Comparative Example 3 of this specification;

[0041] FIG7 is a partial photograph of an aluminum alloy part obtained according to Comparative Example 4 of this specification;

[0042] FIG8 is a partial photograph of an aluminum alloy part obtained according to Comparative Example 5 of this specification;

[0043] FIG9 is a partial photograph of an aluminum alloy part obtained according to Comparative Example 6 of this specification;

[0044] FIG10 is a partial photograph of an aluminum alloy part obtained according to Comparative Example 7 of this specification;

[0045] FIG11 is a partial photograph of an aluminum alloy part obtained according to Comparative Example 8 of this specification;

[0046] FIG12 is a partial photograph of an aluminum alloy part obtained according to Comparative Example 9 of this specification. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, the following briefly describes the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely examples or embodiments of this specification. Those skilled in the art can apply this specification to other similar scenarios based on these drawings without inventive effort. Unless otherwise apparent from the context or otherwise noted, the same reference numerals in the figures represent the same structure or operation.

[0048] It should be understood that the terms "system," "device," "unit," and / or "module" used herein are a method for distinguishing different components, elements, parts, portions, or assemblies at different levels. However, if other terms can achieve the same purpose, the terms may be replaced by other expressions.

[0049] As used in this specification and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" do not refer to the singular but also include the plural. Generally speaking, the terms "comprises" and "include" only indicate the inclusion of the steps and elements specifically identified, and these steps and elements do not constitute an exclusive list. A method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.

[0050] Flowcharts are used throughout this specification to illustrate the operations performed by systems according to embodiments of this specification. It should be understood that preceding or following operations do not necessarily need to be performed in exact order. Instead, the steps may be processed in reverse order or simultaneously. Furthermore, other operations may be added to these processes, or one or more operations may be removed from these processes.

[0051] Some hot forming processes for 6XXX series aluminum alloys require heating to temperatures above the solution temperature for 10-30 minutes. These processes, on the one hand, present high heating temperatures and long heating times, leading to low production efficiency and high energy consumption. On the other hand, the inventors have discovered that the resulting products are prone to surface wrinkling and cracking, and lack the ability to achieve both high ductility and strength.

[0052] After repeated experiments and research, the inventors finally discovered that the cause of these quality issues is that, because the primary strengthening factor in 6XXX series aluminum alloys is Mg2Si, naturally aged aluminum contains α phase and coarse Mg2Si phases. Above the solution temperature, the Mg2Si phase melts, resulting in numerous pores in the sheet. This leads to quality issues during subsequent processing. For example, under the force of subsequent stamping, these pores act as crack initiation points, gradually expanding during subsequent drawing, reducing the material's elongation.

[0053] To address these issues, the present invention provides a forming method for 6XXX series aluminum alloys. In this forming method, the aluminum alloy raw material is heated to a temperature below its solution temperature. This prevents the reinforcing phases in the raw material from melting, ensuring quality during subsequent material processing. For example, during the stamping process, deformation is relatively uniform, ensuring high elongation. Because the solution temperature is not reached, the material's microstructure remains unchanged, maintaining its strength.

[0054] 6XXX series aluminum alloy refers to an aluminum alloy material composed of aluminum, magnesium, silicon and other elements. For example, 6XXX series aluminum alloy may include 6061 aluminum alloy, 6063 aluminum alloy, 6014 aluminum alloy and the like. 6XXX series aluminum alloy has excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and machinability, and is commonly used in aerospace, shipbuilding, automobile, construction, electronics and other fields. In the embodiments of this specification, 6XXX series aluminum alloy raw materials can be used, and 6XXX series aluminum alloy parts can be obtained by a forming method. In addition, it should be noted that the forming method of the embodiments of this specification is specifically proposed based on the study of the composition and material properties of 6XXX series aluminum alloys.

[0055] In some embodiments, the 6XXX series aluminum alloy may include at least one of 6014 aluminum alloy, 6016 aluminum alloy, 6061 aluminum alloy, or 6082 aluminum alloy. The forming methods described herein can be used to hot-form these aforementioned 6XXX series aluminum alloys, resulting in aluminum alloy parts with high ductility and strength. Of course, the forming methods described herein can also be used to form other 6XXX series aluminum alloys, such as 6181 aluminum alloy and 6063 aluminum alloy.

[0056] In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy raw material may be a T4 aluminum alloy or an O aluminum alloy.

[0057] Compared with the aluminum alloy in the T6 state, the aluminum alloy in the T4 state or the aluminum alloy in the O state can exhibit better ductility at the heating temperature described later. This is because the plastic deformation mechanisms of the two materials in the heat-treated state are different.

[0058] The strengthening phase of the T6 aluminum alloy is relatively coarse after T6 heat treatment. Since the mechanism of dislocation and its interaction is a bypass mechanism (also known as the Orowan mechanism), dislocation loops are formed, which have a strong hindering effect on dislocation movement and a high work hardening rate. Therefore, the plasticity of the material is poor. However, the strengthening phase of the T4 aluminum alloy and the Guinier Preston zone (GPzone) of the O aluminum alloy do not form large particles. The mechanism of dislocation and its interaction is a cutting mechanism. The work hardening rate is small, the hindering effect on dislocation movement is small, and the plasticity of the material is better.

[0059] Therefore, in some embodiments of the present specification, by selecting T4 aluminum alloy or O aluminum alloy as the aluminum alloy raw material and making the heating temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material lower than the solid solution temperature, the heated aluminum alloy raw material can exhibit better processing performance.

[0060] FIG1 is an exemplary flow chart of a forming method for a 6XXX series aluminum alloy according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG1 , process 100 includes the following steps. In some embodiments, process 100 can be performed by a forming apparatus for a 6XXX series aluminum alloy.

[0061] Step 110 , heating the 6XXX series aluminum alloy raw material, wherein the heating temperature is lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, and the heat obtained by the unit mass of the aluminum alloy raw material is controlled to reach a preset heat range.

[0062] In step 110, heating the 6XXX series aluminum alloy raw material according to a preset heating temperature can improve the plasticity of the aluminum alloy raw material, reduce the deformation resistance in the subsequent forming process, and increase the degree of deformation that can be achieved by the aluminum alloy raw material in the subsequent forming process.

[0063] In the embodiments of this specification, the heating temperature is lower than the solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material. The solid solution temperature refers to the temperature at which the aluminum alloy raw material is subjected to solid solution treatment. Solid solution treatment refers to a heat treatment process in which other alloying elements in the alloy (such as magnesium, silicon, etc. in 6XXX series aluminum alloys) are dissolved in the matrix by high temperature to form a solid solution. Since the heating temperature is lower than the solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, this not only improves the plasticity of the aluminum alloy raw material, but also prevents the Mg2Si strengthening phase of the aluminum alloy raw material from melting. The heating temperature can be related to the grade of the aluminum alloy raw material, or it can be related to the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material. For example, different grades of aluminum alloy raw materials have different solid solution temperatures. For aluminum alloy raw materials with higher solid solution temperatures, the heating temperature can be higher; for another example, the thicker the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material, the higher the heating temperature can be. For more specific instructions on the setting of the heating temperature, please refer to the relevant content below.

[0064] The preset heat range refers to a preset range of heat that a unit mass of the aluminum alloy raw material needs to absorb. In some embodiments, the preset heat range can be 320kJ / kg-450kJ / kg.

[0065] By setting the preset heat range to 320kJ / kg-450kJ / kg, it can be ensured that the heat absorbed by the unit mass of the aluminum alloy raw material is within a reasonable range, avoiding adverse effects on the processing performance and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy raw material due to excessive or insufficient heat absorption (for example, excessive heat absorption causes the strengthening phase of the aluminum alloy raw material to dissolve and produce pores, leading to crack formation and reducing the elongation of the material; for example, insufficient heat absorption increases the hindering effect of strengthening relative dislocations, etc.).

[0066] In some embodiments, the preset heat range is 370 kJ / kg-400 kJ / kg.

[0067] By setting the preset heat range to 370kJ / kg-400kJ / kg, the processing process can be better realized on the basis of the aforementioned larger range, so that the mechanical properties and processing performance of the finished product obtained by processing are better, and the quality of the finished product is guaranteed.

[0068] In some embodiments, the heating temperature may be 50° C. to 100° C. lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material.

[0069] By setting the heating temperature to be 50°C-100°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, it can be ensured that the strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy raw material does not melt.

[0070] In some embodiments, the heating temperature can be maintained within a temperature fluctuation range, which can be preset based on the specific performance or processing requirements of the selected equipment. In some embodiments, the temperature fluctuation range can be ±10°C.

[0071] Preferably, in some embodiments, the heating temperature may be 70° C.-90° C. lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material.

[0072] By setting the heating temperature to be 70°C-90°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, it can be ensured that the strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy raw material exists in a stable state, neither generating a large number of pores nor achieving a small hindering effect of secondary relative dislocations.

[0073] In some embodiments, the preset time for heating may be related to the heating temperature. For example, under the premise that the heating temperature is lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, the higher the heating temperature is, the shorter the preset time for heating may be. In some embodiments, the preset time for heating may be related to the power (such as effective heating power) of the heating device. For example, the higher the effective power of the heating device is, the shorter the preset time for heating may be. In some embodiments, the preset time for heating may also be related to the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material. For example, the thicker the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is, the longer the preset time for heating may be. For a more specific explanation of the preset time setting for heating, please refer to the relevant content below.

[0074] In some embodiments, when the heating temperature is 50°C-100°C below the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, the aluminum alloy raw material is heated by the heating equipment for a predetermined time, preferably 1-8 minutes. It is understood that if the predetermined time is too short, the temperature difference on the sheet surface will be too large, affecting the local forming effect; if the predetermined time is too long, the grain size will be coarse, resulting in a decrease in the elongation of the material at high temperatures and reduced forming quality. Therefore, the above heating time can ensure the forming effect and quality.

[0075] In some embodiments, the effective heating power of the heating device is between 320 kW h and 400 kW h. The effective heating power is a parameter reflecting the heating power of the heating device, and can be calculated by multiplying the total power of the heating device by the heating efficiency. When the heating temperature and heating time are limited, further consideration of the effective heating power of the heating device can prevent the heating efficiency of the heating device from affecting the final heating effect. In other words, by comprehensively considering the effective heating efficiency of the heating device, the heating temperature, and the heating time, the amount of heat obtained per unit mass of the aluminum alloy raw material can be more accurately controlled, thereby ensuring that the aluminum alloy raw material reaches the ideal state after heating.

[0076] In some embodiments, the effective heating power of the heating device is 350KW.h-370KW.h.

[0077] By setting the effective heating power of the heating equipment to 350KW.h-370KW.h, it is possible to limit the effective heating power range to a smaller range on the basis of the aforementioned larger range to achieve precise control of the heating effect of the aluminum alloy raw material, so that the heat obtained by the aluminum alloy raw material is within an appropriate range, thereby ensuring good performance and a high yield of the finished workpiece.

[0078] In some embodiments, when the heating temperature is 70°C-90°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, the preset time is 2 minutes to 5 minutes. In some embodiments, in this scenario, the effective heating power of the heating device can also be 350KW.h-370KW.h.

[0079] By setting the preferred range of the preset time to 2min-5min, better formability and ductility can be obtained on the basis of the aforementioned larger range of heating temperature and preset time. The strengthening phase in the aluminum alloy raw material exists stably in a certain concentration state, without a large amount of pores being generated, and the hindering effect of secondary relative dislocations can be small, and the formability and ductility of the aluminum alloy raw material can be improved.

[0080] In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy stock may have a certain thickness. Thickness refers to the distance between two opposing upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum alloy stock. For example, when the aluminum alloy stock is in the form of a plate, thickness refers to the distance between two vertical surfaces of the aluminum alloy stock when the aluminum alloy stock is placed along a horizontal plane.

[0081] In some embodiments, the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is 0.8 mm to 5.0 mm. By limiting the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material to the above range, it can be ensured that the aluminum alloy raw material can be heated uniformly during the heating process and is easy to form in the subsequent forming process.

[0082] In some embodiments, the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material may also be 0.8mm-4.5mm; the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material may also be 0.8mm-4.0mm; the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material may also be 0.8mm-3.5mm; preferably, the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material may be 0.8mm-3.0mm.

[0083] In the embodiments of this specification, by setting the preferred range of the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material to 0.8 mm-3.0 mm, it is possible to further ensure that the heating effect of the aluminum alloy raw material is more uniform and the temperature difference is reduced on the basis of the aforementioned larger thickness range.

[0084] In some embodiments, the preset heating time may be related to the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material. For example, the preset heating time may be positively correlated with the thickness, and the greater the thickness, the longer the preset heating time.

[0085] In some embodiments, the preset time increases with increasing thickness, with the preset time increasing by 0s-120s for every 1mm increase in thickness. For example, when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is 1mm, the heating time is 120s-240s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is 2mm, the heating time is 180s-300s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is 3mm, the heating time is 240s-360s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is 4mm, the heating time is 300s-420s; and when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is 5mm, the heating time is 360s-480s.

[0086] In some embodiments, when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is less than 1 mm, the preset time is 0s-240s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than 2 mm, the preset time is 120s-300s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than 3 mm, the preset time is 180s-360s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 3 mm and less than 4 mm, the preset time is 240s-420s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 4 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm, the preset time is 300s-480s.

[0087] In some embodiments of the present specification, by setting the preset time to increase with increasing thickness, as well as the related specific range values, the influence of thickness on heating time can be taken into account, so that the user can adjust the heating time in time based on the thickness, ensuring that all parts of the aluminum alloy raw material can be heated to achieve ideal forming performance, avoiding adverse effects on subsequent forming processes.

[0088] In some embodiments, the 6XXX series aluminum alloy raw material can be heated by a heating device based on a set heating temperature to control the amount of heat obtained by a unit mass of the aluminum alloy raw material to reach a preset heat range.

[0089] In some embodiments, the heating device heats by circulating hot air.

[0090] It can be understood that the heating device here is a device for heating aluminum alloy raw materials, which is heated by hot air circulation. Different from traditional hot forming equipment that uses heat radiation for heating, it can improve heating efficiency and shorten heating time.

[0091] Step 120 , performing subsequent processing on the heated aluminum alloy raw material to obtain aluminum alloy parts.

[0092] Subsequent processing refers to other processing processes required for forming after heating, such as stamping, cooling, polishing, etc.

[0093] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG2 , the subsequent processing may include the following two steps:

[0094] Step 121, transferring the heated aluminum alloy raw material into a mold, performing stamping and pressure-holding cooling to obtain a drawn part;

[0095] In step 122, the drawn part is heated to obtain an aluminum alloy part.

[0096] In some embodiments, the temperature at which stamping begins is 80%-88% of the heating temperature. By limiting the temperature at which stamping begins to fall within this range, it is possible to avoid the impact of low temperatures during stamping on the quality of the finished product. It is also possible to avoid excessively high temperatures causing the aluminum alloy raw material to become too coarse, which in turn reduces the elongation of the material at high temperatures and reduces the forming quality. In some embodiments, the temperature at which stamping begins is 82%-87% of the heating temperature. In some embodiments, the temperature at which stamping begins is 84%-86% of the heating temperature.

[0097] In some embodiments, the transfer time for the transfer may be less than 15 seconds.

[0098] It is understood that limiting the transfer time can control the stamping temperature. In some embodiments of this specification, by setting the transfer time to less than 15 seconds, the temperature loss during the stamping process can be kept within a reasonable range, preventing the temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material from being too low during the subsequent stamping process, thereby avoiding affecting the subsequent process flow.

[0099] Stamping refers to a forming process in which a workpiece of the desired shape and size is obtained by applying external force to the raw material through stamping equipment and dies, causing it to undergo plastic deformation or separation. Stamping equipment can include presses, etc.

[0100] In some embodiments, the stamping speed of the stamping equipment during stamping is not less than 80 mm / s. Understandably, a stamping speed that is too low may result in insufficient strain in the mold, poor plastic deformation, and cracking. In some embodiments of this specification, by setting the stamping speed to not less than 80 mm / s, the stamping effect can be ensured and cracking can be avoided.

[0101] In some embodiments, the punching speed may be 80 mm / s-500 mm / s, 80 mm / s-450 mm / s, 100 mm / s-400 mm / s, 120 mm / s-350 mm / s, and preferably 120 mm / s-330 mm / s.

[0102] It is understandable that when the target shape of the stamping is relatively simple (for example, the part is a large flat plate, etc.), the stamping speed should be kept low. Too high a stamping speed may cause wrinkles on the surface of the part; when the target shape of the stamping is relatively complex (for example, the part is an irregular shape with many openings and grooves, etc.), too low a stamping speed may cause the raw material to have too little strain in the mold, affecting the plastic deformation and easy cracking, and too high a stamping speed may cause the part to break. Therefore, the stamping speed of the stamping equipment in stamping should be kept within an appropriate range.

[0103] In some embodiments of the present specification, by setting the preferred range of the stamping speed to 120mm / s-330mm / s, better processing effects can be further obtained on the basis of the aforementioned larger range of stamping speeds, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the stamping process and the yield of the formed parts obtained, and avoiding the occurrence of the aforementioned adverse phenomena.

[0104] In some embodiments, the stamping speed can be determined based on the target shape of the stamping. The target shape may refer to the shape of the part to be obtained after stamping. In some embodiments, the stamping speed can be determined based on the ratio of the drawn part area to the stamping area. The drawn part area refers to the surface area of ​​the drawn part obtained after stamping. The stamping area may refer to the area of ​​the projection of the target shape of the stamping parallel to the surface of the drawn part. In some embodiments, when the ratio of the drawn part area to the stamping area is greater than 1.2, the stamping speed may be 120mm / s-330mm / s. In some embodiments, when the ratio of the drawn part area to the stamping area is less than or equal to 1.2, the stamping speed may be 80mm / s-180mm / s.

[0105] In some embodiments, the punching speed can be determined based on the target shape by looking up a table. The table records different shapes and their corresponding punching speeds, and the parameters in the table are set based on experience.

[0106] In some embodiments, the forming device may determine the stamping speed based on the target shape information and the stamping speed determination model. The target shape information may refer to information related to the target shape. For example, the target shape information may include the dimensions of the target shape, a part drawing, etc.

[0107] The punching speed determination model refers to a model used to determine the punching speed. In some embodiments, the punching speed determination model can be a machine learning model, such as a neural network (NN) model or a convolutional neural network (CNN) model. In some embodiments, the input of the punching speed determination model can be target shape information; the output of the punching speed determination model can be the punching speed.

[0108] In some embodiments, the stamping speed determination model can be trained using multiple labeled training samples. The training samples may include target shape information for the sample parts. The labels may include the optimal stamping speed corresponding to the target shape information for the sample parts. This optimal stamping speed can be determined through repeated experiments. The user can set different stamping speeds for stamping sample parts and select the stamping speed corresponding to the part with the best formed shape as the optimal stamping speed.

[0109] In some embodiments of the present specification, by setting the stamping speed based on the target shape of the stamping forming, a more reasonable stamping speed can be determined according to the shape of the workpiece; based on the target shape information, the stamping speed is determined by the stamping speed determination model, and various factors affecting the stamping speed can be comprehensively considered, making the stamping speed determination process more intelligent and efficient, and the results more accurate.

[0110] Pressure-holding cooling refers to the process of maintaining a certain pressure value in the mold during the cooling process of the part after it is formed to prevent the part from deforming due to cooling shrinkage.

[0111] In some embodiments, the pressure of the pressure-maintaining cooling may be 0.8 MPa-2 MPa. Preferably, the pressure of the pressure-maintaining cooling may be 1 MPa.

[0112] In some embodiments of the present specification, by setting the pressure of the pressure-holding cooling to 0.8 MPa-2 MPa, the pressure-holding process can be carried out smoothly, and shrinkage or cracking of the workpiece caused by pressure discomfort can be avoided.

[0113] In some embodiments, the cooling rate of the pressure-maintaining cooling does not exceed 60° C. / second.

[0114] In some embodiments, cooling can be performed using a cooling medium. A cooling medium can refer to a substance used for cooling. For example, a cooling medium can include a liquid such as water or ethanol. In some embodiments, the cooling medium can be a room temperature liquid.

[0115] Understandably, when the cooling medium temperature is too low, the cooling rate is rapid, which can easily cause large temperature differences on the surface of the formed part, leading to cracking due to uneven heating and cooling. When the cooling medium temperature is too high, the aluminum alloy surface becomes more viscous, easily sticking to the mold inserts and causing wear, while also hindering the smoothness of the formed part surface. In some embodiments of this specification, by setting the cooling rate to no more than 60°C / second, the aluminum alloy surface viscosity can be moderate, the temperature difference can be minimized, and good forming results can be achieved.

[0116] In some embodiments, the pressure-maintaining cooling may include cooling the formed part after stamping to below 200° C. and performing natural air cooling. The formed part refers to a workpiece having a formed shape after the raw material is stamped.

[0117] Understandably, if natural air cooling is used initially, it may result in excessive cooling speed, large temperature differences on the surface of the formed part, and cracking. In some embodiments of this specification, by cooling the formed part to below 200°C after stamping and then cooling it with natural air, the temperature drop can be more uniform throughout the cooling process, ensuring that the mechanical properties of the drawn part are not affected.

[0118] A drawn part refers to a workpiece obtained by stamping, pressure holding and cooling, which can be stretched and extended.

[0119] In some embodiments, the forming equipment can heat and keep the obtained drawn part warm to obtain an aluminum alloy part. In some embodiments, the heating temperature of the drawn part can be 150-220° C., and the holding time of the drawn part can be 0.2 h-10 h.

[0120] In some embodiments, before heating the aluminum alloy raw material, the forming equipment may pre-treat the aluminum alloy raw material; the pre-treatment may include spraying a lubricant on the surface of the aluminum alloy raw material so that the friction coefficient between the mold and the aluminum alloy raw material is no higher than 0.2.

[0121] In some embodiments of the present specification, by spraying lubricant on the surface of the aluminum alloy raw material so that the friction coefficient between the mold and the aluminum alloy raw material is no more than 0.2, the friction between the surface of the aluminum alloy raw material and the mold can be reduced, thereby avoiding adverse effects on forming.

[0122] In some embodiments, at a temperature of 20° C., the dynamic viscosity of the lubricant may be no more than 50 mPa·s, and the density of the lubricant may be 0.97 g / cm3 -0.99g / cm 3 , the pH value of the lubricant can be 9-10.

[0123] In some embodiments of the present specification, by setting specific parameters of the lubricant, a liquid lubricant with a low viscosity coefficient and easy to clean can be selected to obtain a better lubrication effect.

[0124] It is understandable that the strengthening phase of 6XXX series aluminum alloy is mainly Mg2Si. The aluminum alloy after natural aging contains α phase and coarse Mg2Si phase. When hot forming 6XXX series aluminum alloy, if the heating temperature is close to the solid solution temperature or above the solid solution temperature, Mg2Si will dissolve and produce a large number of pores. Under the action of stamping, these pores can serve as crack initiation points, gradually expanding during the subsequent drawing of the material, reducing the elongation of the material; when the heating temperature is much lower than the solid solution temperature, the Mg2Si content is relatively high, and the hindering effect on dislocations increases, resulting in the inability to significantly improve the elongation.

[0125] In some embodiments of the present specification, a 6XXX series aluminum alloy raw material is heated for a preset time at a temperature lower than the solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material; and the heated aluminum alloy raw material is subsequently processed to obtain aluminum alloy parts. This allows the Mg2Si strengthening phase to stably exist at a certain concentration without generating a large amount of pores, while minimizing the hindering effect of secondary relative dislocations. This significantly improves the ductility of the material, allows for both high ductility and strength during processing, and avoids wrinkling and cracking on the product surface.

[0126] By setting up subsequent processing, including transferring the heated aluminum alloy raw material to a mold for stamping and cooling under pressure, to obtain a drawn part, and then heating it to obtain an aluminum alloy part, the heated aluminum alloy raw material can be subjected to multiple process treatments to achieve the transformation from raw material to part. Through the coordination of various processes, parts with good elongation and high mechanical strength are obtained, and the processing process is simpler, with higher overall production efficiency and lower energy consumption.

[0127] The aluminum alloy parts obtained by combining the aforementioned process steps and related parameters (heating temperature 50°C-100°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, preset time 1min-8min, transfer time 10s-15s, stamping speed not less than 80mm / s, cooling speed not exceeding 60°C / s, etc.) have good elongation ability before and after fracture, and the elongation after fracture can reach 104.3-109.5%.

[0128] Aluminum alloy parts refer to parts made of 6XXX series aluminum alloy after forming, such as inner door panels, outer door panels, and door window frames.

[0129] Example 1

[0130] This embodiment provides a forming method for forming a 6XXX series aluminum alloy, using a 6014 aluminum alloy raw material with a thickness of 1.1 mm as the aluminum alloy raw material. The solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy is 540° C. The forming method specifically comprises the following steps:

[0131] (1) spraying a lubricant on the surface of the aluminum alloy raw material so that the friction coefficient between the mold and the aluminum alloy raw material is not higher than 0.2;

[0132] (2) heating the aluminum alloy raw material by a heating device at a temperature of 450°C (90°C lower than the solution temperature) for a preset time of 90 seconds;

[0133] (3) The aluminum alloy raw material is transferred from the heating device to the mold, and the transfer time is 12 seconds. The mold is driven by the stamping equipment to complete the stamping forming, and the stamping speed is 100 mm / s, and then the mold is subjected to pressure-holding cooling, and the cooling rate is 10 ° C / s, and the pressure holding pressure is 1 MPa. After the temperature drops to below 200 ° C, the mold is cooled by natural air to obtain a drawn part.

[0134] (4) The formed drawn part is heated to 180°C and kept warm for 1.5 hours to obtain an aluminum alloy part.

[0135] Example 2

[0136] This embodiment provides a forming method for a 6XXX series aluminum alloy, using a 6181 aluminum alloy raw material with a thickness of 1.5 mm as the aluminum alloy raw material. The aluminum alloy has a solution temperature of 540° C. The forming method includes the following specific steps:

[0137] (1) spraying a lubricant on the surface of the aluminum alloy raw material so that the friction coefficient between the mold and the aluminum alloy raw material is not higher than 0.2;

[0138] (2) heating the aluminum alloy raw material by a heating device at a temperature of 450°C (90°C lower than the solution temperature) for a preset time of 4 minutes;

[0139] (3) The aluminum alloy raw material is transferred from the heating device to the mold, and the transfer time is 13 seconds. The mold is driven by the stamping equipment to complete the stamping forming, and the stamping speed is 180 mm / s. Then, the mold is subjected to pressure-holding cooling, and the cooling rate is 30°C / s, and the pressure holding pressure is 1 MPa. After the temperature drops to below 200°C, the mold is cooled by natural air to obtain a drawn part.

[0140] (4) The formed drawn part is heated to 180°C and kept warm for 1.5 hours to obtain an aluminum alloy part.

[0141] Example 3

[0142] This embodiment provides a forming method for a 6XXX series aluminum alloy, using a 6016 aluminum alloy raw material with a thickness of 1.1 mm as a raw material. The solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy is 540° C. The specific steps of the forming method include:

[0143] (1) spraying a lubricant on the surface of the aluminum alloy raw material so that the friction coefficient between the mold and the aluminum alloy raw material is not higher than 0.2;

[0144] (2) heating the aluminum alloy raw material by a heating device at a temperature of 450°C (90°C lower than the solution temperature) for a preset time of 7 minutes;

[0145] (3) The aluminum alloy raw material is transferred from the heating device to the mold, and the transfer time is 10s; the mold is driven by the stamping equipment to complete the stamping forming, the stamping speed is 80mm / s, and then the mold is subjected to pressure-holding cooling, the cooling rate is 20℃ / s, and the pressure holding pressure is 1MPa. After the temperature drops to below 200℃, the mold is cooled by natural air to obtain a drawn part;

[0146] (4) The formed drawn part is heated to 190°C and kept warm for 8 hours to obtain an aluminum alloy part.

[0147] Example 4

[0148] This embodiment provides a forming method for a 6XXX series aluminum alloy, using a 6082 aluminum alloy raw material with a thickness of 1.5 mm as a raw material. The solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy is 540° C. The specific steps of the forming method include:

[0149] (1) spraying a lubricant on the surface of the aluminum alloy raw material so that the friction coefficient between the mold and the aluminum alloy raw material is not higher than 0.2;

[0150] (2) heating the aluminum alloy raw material by a heating device at a temperature of 450°C (90°C lower than the solution temperature) for a preset time of 5 minutes;

[0151] (3) The aluminum alloy raw material is transferred from the heating device to the mold, and the transfer time is 14 seconds. The mold is driven by the stamping equipment to complete the stamping forming, and the stamping speed is 90 mm / s. Then, the mold is subjected to pressure-holding cooling, and the cooling rate is 40°C / s, and the pressure holding pressure is 1 MPa. After the temperature drops to below 200°C, the mold is subjected to natural air cooling to obtain a drawn part.

[0152] (4) The formed drawn part is heated to 220°C and kept warm for 3 hours to obtain an aluminum alloy part.

[0153] Example 5

[0154] This embodiment provides a forming method for a 6XXX series aluminum alloy, using a 6014 aluminum alloy raw material with a thickness of 1.1 mm as a raw material. The solid solution temperature of the aluminum alloy is 540° C. The specific steps of the forming method include:

[0155] (1) spraying lubricating oil on the surface of the aluminum alloy raw material so that the friction coefficient between the mold and the aluminum alloy raw material is not higher than 0.2;

[0156] (2) heating the aluminum alloy raw material by a heating device at a temperature of 450°C (90°C lower than the solution temperature) for a preset time of 1 minute;

[0157] (3) The aluminum alloy raw material is transferred from the heating device to the mold, and the transfer time is 8 seconds. The mold is driven by the stamping equipment to complete the stamping forming, and the stamping speed is 110 mm / s. Then, the mold is subjected to pressure-holding cooling, and the cooling rate is 60°C / s, and the pressure holding pressure is 1 MPa. After the temperature drops to below 200°C, the mold is subjected to natural air cooling to obtain a drawn part.

[0158] (4) The formed drawn part is heated to 150°C and kept warm for 10 hours to obtain an aluminum alloy part.

[0159] Comparative Example 1

[0160] This comparative example provides a forming method for a 6XXX series aluminum alloy, which differs from Example 1 in that, in step (2), the heating temperature is 540° C. (solution temperature) and the preset time is 10 minutes.

[0161] Comparative Example 2

[0162] This comparative example provides a thermoforming process, which differs from Example 1 in that, in step (2), the heating temperature is 540° C. (solution temperature) and the preset time is 90 s.

[0163] Comparative Example 3

[0164] This comparative example provides a thermoforming process, which differs from Example 1 in that, in step (2), the heating temperature is 520°C (20°C lower than the solution temperature) and the preset time is 90s.

[0165] Comparative Example 4

[0166] This comparative example provides a thermoforming process, which differs from Example 1 in that, in step (2), the heating temperature is 450°C (lower than the solution temperature of 90°C) and the preset time is 15 minutes.

[0167] Comparative Example 5

[0168] This comparative example provides a thermoforming process, which differs from Example 1 in that, in step (3), the transfer time is 20 s.

[0169] Comparative Example 6

[0170] This comparative example provides a thermoforming process, which differs from Example 1 in that, in step (3), the cooling rate is 80°C / second.

[0171] Comparative Example 7

[0172] This comparative example provides a thermoforming process, which differs from Example 1 in that, in step (3), the stamping speed is 50 mm / s.

[0173] Comparative Example 8

[0174] This comparative example provides a thermoforming process, which differs from Example 1 in that, in step (2), the heating temperature is 400°C (lower than the solution temperature of 140°C).

[0175] Comparative Example 9

[0176] This comparative example provides a thermoforming process, which differs from Example 1 in that, in step (2), the heating temperature is 300°C (lower than the solution temperature of 240°C).

[0177] Test example

[0178] (1) The heated aluminum alloy raw materials obtained in step (2) of each embodiment and comparative example were naturally air-cooled for 12 seconds and then heated according to the standard GB / T228.2-2021 for 1 second. -1 The high temperature tensile test was carried out at a strain rate of 1000 nm to obtain the elongation. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0179] (2) For the drawn parts obtained in step (3) of each embodiment and comparative example, A50 specimens were prepared in accordance with GB / T228.1-2021 standard and tensile tests were performed to obtain the tensile strength and yield strength of the parts after stamping. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0180] (3) The surface conditions of the aluminum alloy parts finally obtained in each embodiment and comparative example were observed. The results are shown in Table 2 and Figures 3 to 12.

[0181] Table 1 Elongation and strength of each embodiment and comparative example

[0182] Table 2 Parts status of each embodiment and comparative example

[0183] As can be seen from the two tables above, the aluminum alloy raw material heated using the embodiments of this specification exhibits excellent elongation after fracture, resulting in aluminum alloy parts that are well formed, have excellent mechanical properties, and exhibit no surface wrinkling or cracking. Comparative Example 1, using a conventional hot forming process, produces parts with mechanical properties similar to those of Example 1. However, because the elongation after fracture of the heated aluminum alloy raw material is significantly lower than that of the embodiment, the resulting part exhibits defects. In Comparative Example 2, the aluminum alloy raw material reached the solution temperature. However, due to the short heating time of the aluminum alloy raw material, the solution was not fully dissolved, resulting in uneven microstructure, poor elongation, reduced strength, and defects on the part surface. In Comparative Example 3, although the aluminum alloy raw material did not reach the solution temperature, at this heating temperature, some of the secondary phase particles contained therein had begun to melt due to their low melting point. Therefore, the melting of these secondary phases caused pores to appear inside the material. In addition, not all secondary phases melted evenly, resulting in pores. These pores formed crack initiation points under the action of external forces, resulting in poor overall elongation of the aluminum alloy raw material. As the external force increased, the material broke at these pores. Therefore, the overall formability of Comparative Example 3 was relatively poor, and the parts obtained had large-area cracking. Comparative Example 4 used the heating temperature of the embodiment, but its heating time was too long, which had a significant impact on the elongation after fracture, the part state, and the strength. The first two steps of Comparative Examples 5-7 are the same as those of Example 1, so the measured elongation after fracture is basically the same as that of Example 1. However, the parameters of the subsequent steps are changed. Since the temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material decreases after it comes out of the furnace, if the transfer time is too long, the cooling rate is too fast, or the forming speed is too slow, the raw material temperature will drop outside the optimal range during the forming process, resulting in poor formability of the raw material, which is ultimately reflected in the fact that the part state has many defects; in Comparative Examples 8-9, the aluminum alloy raw material is far below the solid solution temperature. At this time, there are more strengthening phase components, and the hindering effect on dislocations is increased. As a result, although the strength is excellent, the elongation cannot be significantly improved, and the product has wrinkles and cracks.

[0184] One or more embodiments of this specification also provide an aluminum alloy part, produced by the forming method of a 6XXX series aluminum alloy described in any of the aforementioned embodiments. The aluminum alloy part produced by the forming method of a 6XXX series aluminum alloy described in the aforementioned embodiments can achieve both mechanical and ductility properties.

[0185] One or more embodiments of this specification also provide a car comprising the aforementioned aluminum alloy parts. By using the aforementioned aluminum alloy parts in the car, the strength of the car can be ensured, and the car can be better protected against external forces such as wind pressure and impact.

[0186] In some embodiments, the aluminum alloy parts may be located in one or more of the four door inner panels, four door outer panels, side panels, and structural reinforcements of the vehicle body. For example, the aluminum alloy parts may be used in the left front door outer panel, the right rear door inner panel, the side panel outer panel, and the chassis reinforcement.

[0187] By using the aforementioned aluminum alloy parts in one or more of the four door inner panels, four door outer panels, side panels, and structural reinforcements of the vehicle body, the strength of the vehicle body can be ensured, making it not easily deformed, strong and durable.

[0188] While the basic concepts have been described above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the detailed disclosure is merely illustrative and does not limit this specification. Although not explicitly stated herein, various modifications, improvements, and revisions to this specification may be made by those skilled in the art. Such modifications, improvements, and revisions are suggested in this specification and remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this specification.

[0189] This specification also uses specific terms to describe the embodiments of this specification. For example, "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a feature, structure, or characteristic associated with at least one embodiment of this specification. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" two or more times in different locations in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, certain features, structures, or characteristics of one or more embodiments of this specification may be appropriately combined.

[0190] In addition, unless expressly stated in the claims, the order of the processing elements and sequences, the use of alphanumeric characters, or the use of other names described in this specification are not intended to limit the order of the processes and methods of this specification. Although the above disclosure discusses some of the invention embodiments currently considered useful through various examples, it should be understood that such details are for illustrative purposes only, and the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, the claims are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent combinations that are consistent with the spirit and scope of the embodiments of this specification. For example, although the system components described above can be implemented by hardware devices, they can also be implemented only by software solutions, such as installing the described system on an existing server or mobile device.

[0191] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the presentation of this specification and thus facilitate understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention, the foregoing descriptions of the embodiments of this specification sometimes combine multiple features into a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not imply that the subject matter of this specification requires more features than those recited in the claims. In fact, an embodiment may have fewer features than all of the features of a single disclosed embodiment.

[0192] In some embodiments, numbers are used to describe the quantity of components and attributes. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of the embodiments are modified by the modifiers "about", "approximately" or "substantially" in some examples. Unless otherwise stated, "about", "approximately" or "substantially" indicate that the numbers are allowed to vary by ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the description and claims are approximate values, which may change according to the required characteristics of individual embodiments. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should take into account the specified significant digits and adopt the general method of retaining digits. Although the numerical domains and parameters used to confirm the breadth of their range in some embodiments of this specification are approximate values, in specific embodiments, the settings of such numerical values ​​are as accurate as possible within the feasible range.

[0193] Each patent, patent application, patent application publication, and other materials, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, and documents, cited in this specification is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. This includes application history documents that are inconsistent with or conflict with the content of this specification, as well as documents (currently or subsequently attached to this specification) that limit the broadest scope of the claims of this specification. It should be noted that if the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in the accompanying materials are inconsistent or conflicting with the content of this specification, the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in this specification will control.

[0194] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are intended only to illustrate the principles of the embodiments of this specification. Other variations may also fall within the scope of this specification. Therefore, by way of example and not limitation, alternative configurations of the embodiments of this specification may be considered consistent with the teachings of this specification. Accordingly, the embodiments of this specification are not limited to the embodiments explicitly described and illustrated in this specification.

Claims

1. A forming method for 6XXX series aluminum alloy, characterized in that, The method includes: heating an aluminum alloy raw material of the 6XXX series, where the heating temperature is lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, and controlling the heat obtained per unit mass of the aluminum alloy raw material to reach a preset heat range; performing subsequent processing on the heated aluminum alloy raw material to obtain an aluminum alloy part.

2. The shaping method according to claim 1, wherein The preset heat range is 320 kJ / kg - 450 kJ / kg.

3. The shaping method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preset heat range is 370 kJ / kg - 400 kJ / kg.

4. The shaping method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating temperature is 50°C - 100°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material.

5. The shaping method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The heating temperature is 70°C - 90°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material.

6. The shaping method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The heating of the 6XXX series aluminum alloy raw material includes: when the heating temperature is 50°C - 100°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, heating the aluminum alloy raw material by a heating device for a preset time, and the preset time is 1 min - 8 min.

7. The shaping method according to claim 6, characterized in that, when the heating temperature is 50°C - 100°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, heating the aluminum alloy raw material by a heating device for a preset time, including: the heating temperature is 70°C - 90°C lower than the solution temperature of the aluminum alloy raw material, and the preset time is 2 min - 5 min.

8. The shaping method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The effective heating power of the heating device is 320 KW.h - 400 KW.h.

9. The shaping method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is 0.8 mm - 5.0 mm, and the preset time is related to the thickness.

10. The shaping method according to claim 9, wherein, The thickness is 0.8 mm - 3 mm.

11. The shaping method according to claim 9, wherein, The preset time increases with the increase of the thickness, and for each 1 mm increase in the thickness, the preset time increases by 0 s - 120 s.

12. The shaping method according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is less than 1 mm, the preset time is 0 s - 240 s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than 2 mm, the preset time is 120 s - 300 s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 2 mm and less than 3 mm, the preset time is 180 s - 360 s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 3 mm and less than 4 mm, the preset time is 240 s - 420 s; when the thickness of the aluminum alloy raw material is greater than or equal to 4 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm, the preset time is 300 s - 480 s.

13. The shaping method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The subsequent processing includes: transferring the heated aluminum alloy raw material to a mold, performing stamping forming and pressure holding and cooling to obtain a drawn part; heating the drawn part to obtain the aluminum alloy part.

14. The shaping method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The temperature at which the stamping forming starts is 80% - 88% of the heating temperature.

15. The shaping method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The transfer time of the transfer is less than 15 s.

16. The shaping method according to claim 13, characterized in that, In the stamping forming, the stamping speed of the stamping equipment is not less than 80 mm / s.

17. The shaping method according to claim 16, characterized in that, The stamping speed is 1200 mm / s - 330 mm / s.

18. The shaping method according to claim 13, characterized in that, In the pressure holding and cooling, the cooling speed does not exceed 60°C / s.

19. The shaping method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The pressure of the pressure holding and cooling is 0.8 MPa - 2 MPa.

20. The shaping method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The pressure holding and cooling includes: waiting for the formed part after stamping forming to cool down to below 200°C, and performing natural air cooling.

21. The shaping method according to claim 13, characterized in that, Before heating the aluminum alloy raw material, performing pretreatment on the aluminum alloy raw material; The pretreatment includes spraying a lubricant on the surface of the aluminum alloy raw material so that the friction coefficient between the mold and the aluminum alloy raw material is not higher than 0.

2.

22. The shaping method according to claim 21, characterized in that, At a temperature of 20 °C, the dynamic viscosity of the lubricant is not more than 50 mPa·s, the density of the lubricant is 0.97 g / cm3 - 0.99 g / cm3, and the pH value of the lubricant is 9 - 10.

23. The shaping method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 6XXX series aluminum alloy includes at least one of 6014 aluminum alloy, 6016 aluminum alloy, 6061 aluminum alloy or 6082 aluminum alloy.

24. The shaping method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy raw material is T4 - state aluminum alloy or O - state aluminum alloy.

25. An aluminum alloy part, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy part is prepared by the forming method of the 6XXX series aluminum alloy according to any one of the preceding 1 - 22.

26. A vehicle, characterized in that, The automobile includes the aluminum alloy part described in claim 23.

27. The vehicle according to claim 26, characterized in that, The aluminum alloy part is located at one or more of the inner panels of the four doors, the outer panels of the four doors, the side panels, and the structural reinforcement members of the automobile body.

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