Systems and methods for stimulating facial muscles

Abstract

The disclosure relates to systems, methods and computer readable media for use in the treatment of various mood and other psychological disorders, as well as behavioral application, epilepsy application, Parkinson application, depression treatment, anxiety treatment, treatment and monitoring of sleep disorders, stress monitoring, speech therapy, general health tracking, dietary regimens' tracking, physiotherapy, post-stroke rehabilitation, awareness and alertness tracking, controlling portable computing devices, and in controlling gaming consoles. Specifically, the disclosure relates to computerized and networked systems, methods, uses and computer-readable media for activating facial muscles, in order to emulate a facial expression configured to ameliorate a mood disorder, hence ameliorating symptoms of, for example, mild depression and anxiety.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR STIMULATING FACIAL MUSCLESBACKGROUND

[0001] The disclosure is directed generally, to systems, methods and computer readable media for use in the treatment of various mood and other psychological disorders, as well as behavioral application, epilepsy application, parkinson application, depression treatment, anxiety treatment, treatment and monitoring of sleep disorders, stress monitoring, speech therapy, general health tracking, dietary regimens’ tracking, physiotherapy, post-stroke rehabilitation, awareness and alertness tracking, controlling portable computing devices, and in controlling gaming consoles. Specifically, the disclosure is directed to computerized and networked systems, methods and computer-readable media for activating facial muscles, in order to emulate a facial expression configured to ameliorate a mood disorder, hence ameliorating symptoms of, for example, mild depression and anxiety.

[0002] Depressive and anxiety disorders are conditions that affects high number of people at some point during their lives, with high prevalence, depending on the country and the reporting rigor. Although a number of pharmaceutical interventions are available, some people afflicted are partially or completely resistant to these treatments, with a substantial number of patients unable to achieve improvement. In addition, anti-depressant dings have a number of side effects, including nausea, insomnia and weight gain. Alternative and / or complementary forms of treatments, such as therapy can be expensive and additional methods are therefore needed. Moreover, it is desirable to develop methods to modulate a mood aspect or parameter of an individual without reliance on pharmaceutical interventions.

[0003] More specifically, albeit pharmaceutical interventions are available, some patients are partially or completely resistant to these treatments. Up to 50% of patients do not achieve full remission. In addition, anti-depressant drugs have many side effects. In addition to the stigma and social shame and limitations in certain societies.

[0004] Likewise, systems and methods such as cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), repetitive TMS (rTMS), biofeedback, and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) do not exhibit a significant effect on anxiety disorders and stress. TMS is a noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells in the brain toimprove symptoms of depression mainly. It is used to treat anxiety when there is a comorbidity between depression and anxiety. Biofccdback is a technique used to learn to control some of the body's functions, such as heart rate. During biofeedback, the subject is connected to electrical sensors that help enabling the patient to receive information about the body. Likewise, Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a brain stimulation technique that delivers a low electric current to the scalp. A fixed current between 1 and 2 mA is typically applied. tDCS works by applying a positive or negative current via electrodes to a specific area. tDCS is a neuromodulation technique that produces immediate and lasting changes in brain function. However, tDCS is currently not FDA approved. The mechanisms and neural correlates underlying tDCS have not been explored fully. Further experimental animal, neurophysiological and imaging studies are necessary to understand better the mechanisms and neural correlates of tDCS. tDCS has a high potential for misuse, such as recreational use, unsupervised medical use, and unethical use. Its long-term effects are also not well established.

[0005] These and other issues are addressed by the disclosed technology.SUMMARY

[0006] Disclosed, in various exemplary implementations, are computerized systems, methods and computer-readable media for stimulating facial muscles, in order to emulate a facial expression configured to ameliorate a mood disorder as well as having behavioral application, epilepsy application, parkinson application, depression treatment, anxiety treatment, treatment and monitoring of sleep disorders, stress monitoring, speech therapy, general health tracking, dietary regimens’ tracking, physiotherapy, post-stroke rehabilitation, awareness and alertness tracking, controlling portable computing devices, and in controlling gaming consoles.

[0007] In an exemplary implementation provided herein is a computerized system for treating mood disorder in a subject in need thereof, the system comprising: a plurality of electrode pairs, each electrode pair operable to stimulate a predetermined facial muscle, the plurality of electrode pairs sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined location configured to induce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the predetermined facial muscles in the subject; a stimulator; a programmable sensor; and at least one processor, in communication with the plurality of electrode pairs, the stimulator, and the programmable sensor, the processor further being in communication with a non-transitoiy memoiy device, storing thereon a processor-readable media with a set of executable instructions configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: using theprogrammable sensor, receive a triggering signal; and using the stimulator, activate at least one electrode pair configured to induce FES in the subject. Same predetermined muscles can also be stimulated by a configuration of multiple electrode spread on predetermined positions, each electrode activated separately or in conjunction with other electrodes together creating multi-polar stimulation.

[0008] In another exemplary implementation, provided herein is a method of treating a mood disorder in a subject in need thereof, implemented in a system comprising: a plurality of electrode pairs, each electrode pair operable to stimulate a predetermined facial muscle, the plurality of electrode pairs sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined location configured to induce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the predetermined facial muscles in the subject; a stimulator; a programmable sensor; and at least one processor, in communication with the plurality of electrode pairs, the stimulator, and the programmable sensor, the processor further being in communication with a non-transitory memory device, storing thereon a processor-readable media with a set of executable instructions configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: using the programmable sensor, receive a triggering signal; and using the stimulator, activate at least one electrode pair configured to induce FES in the subject, the method comprising: using the programmable sensor, receiving a trigger signal associated with the mood disorder; using the stimulator, inducing a FES pattern configured to treat the mood disorder. Same predetermined muscles can also be stimulated by a configuration of multiple electrode spread on predetermined positions, each electrode activated separately or in conjunction with other electrodes together creating multi-polar stimulation.

[0009] In yet another exemplary implementation, provided herein is a method of positioning a plurality of electrode pairs on a face of a subject, each electrode pair operable to stimulate a predetermined facial muscle, the plurality of electrode pairs is sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined location configured to induce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the predetermined facial muscles in the subject, the method, implemented in a system comprising: the plurality of electrode pairs, a programmable sensor, an imaging module, and a central processing module (CPM) in communication with the plurality of electrode pairs, the programmable sensor, and the imaging module, the method comprising: manually attaching a first half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a first estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a first half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a first estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; manuallyattaching a second half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a first estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’ s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a second half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a first estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; using the CPM, causing the first and second electrode pairs to affect FES of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the zygomatic major muscle; using the imaging module, capturing an image of a first resulting facial expression; manually attaching a first half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a second estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a first half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a second estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; manually attaching a second half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a second estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a second half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a second estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; using the CPM, causing the first and second electrode pairs to affect FES of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the zygomatic major muscle; using the imaging module, capturing an image of a second resulting facial expression; analyzing the first image and the second image; determining at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, at least one position in the second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each half-pair electrode position configured to cause an EFS pattern to affect a predetermined facial expression; optionally, rendering each of the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, on a captured image of the subject face. Same predetermined muscles can also be stimulated by a configuration of multiple electrode spread on predetermined positions, each electrode activated separately or in conjunction with other electrodes together creating multi-polar stimulation.

[0010] In an exemplary implementation, provided herein is a method of affecting a predetermined facial expression in a subject in need thereof, induced by a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of predetermined facial muscles, the method, implemented in a system comprising: a first array of a plurality of electrode, a second array of a plurality of electrode, each of the pluralityof electrode pairs in the second array being associated with a corresponding electrode in the first array, a programmable sensor, an imaging module, and a central processing module (CPM) in communication with the first array, the second array, the programmable sensor, and the imaging module, the method comprising: manually attaching the first array of the plurality of electrode on a first side of the subject’ s face, the first array sized, shaped and configured to affect FES of the subject’ s orbicularis oculi muscle, and the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each on the first side of the subject’s face; manually attaching the second array of the plurality of electrode on a second side of the subject’s face, the first array sized, shaped and configured to affect FES of the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each on the second side of the subject’s face; using the CPM, affecting a multi-polar stimulation of a predetermined combination of electrodes in the first array and the second array; using the imaging module, capturing a stream of images of the resulting facial expressions; analyzing the stream of images; determining an electrode combination in the first array, and an electrode combination in the second array configured to cause a resulting EFS pattern to affect the predetermined facial expression. Same predetermined muscles can also be stimulated by a configuration of multiple electrode spread on predetermined positions, each electrode activated separately or in conjunction with other electrodes together creating multi-polar stimulation.

[0011] In another exemplary implementation, provided herein is use of a computerized system for recognition of muscles motion in a subject, using indirect sensing, the system comprising: a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a predetermined location on a subject configured to provide a signal upon motion of at least one muscle, the plurality of electrodes forming a force sensors array, a vibration sensors array, a light sensors array or a mechanical sensors array; and at least one processor, in communication with the plurality of electrodes, the processor further being in communication with a non-transitory memory device, storing thereon a processor-readable media with a set of executable instructions configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: using the plurality of electrodes, detecting a motion of the at least one muscle.

[0012] These and other features of the computerized and networked systems, methods and computer-readable media for activating facial muscles, in order to emulate a facial expression configured to ameliorate a mood disorder, will become apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the figures and examples, which are exemplary, not limiting.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0013] For a better understanding of the computerized systems, methods and computer- readable media for stimulating facial muscles, in order to emulate a facial expression configured to ameliorate a mood disorder, reference is made to the accompanying examples and figures, in which:

[0014] FIG. 1, is a schematic illustrating an exemplary implementation of the position of electrode pairs;

[0015] FIG. 2, is a schematic illustration of an exemplary implementation of a system disclosed;

[0016] FIG. 3, is a schematic illustration of various exemplary implementation (A-F) of the waveforms used in the systems and methods disclosed;

[0017] FIG. 4A, is a schematic illustration of an exemplary sensor positioning implementation, FIG. 4B, is a schematic illustration of an exemplary array of sensors integrated within a headphone, with FIG. 4C being a schematic illustration of an exemplary Muscles movements recorded by the indirect sensor placed in the subject’s ear and FIG. 4D, is a schematic illustration of an exemplary array of sensors integrated within a sticker placed on the subject’s neck, where FIG. 4E, illustrating an exemplary array of sensors integrated within a sticker placed on the subject’s waist, while FIG. 4F, is a schematic illustration of an exemplary array of sensors integrated within a sticker placed on the subject’s wrist;

[0018] FIG. 5, is a schematic illustration of an exemplary positioning methodology implementation;

[0019] FIG. 6, is a schematic illustration of electrode manual positioning implementation;

[0020] FIG. 7, is a schematic illustration of an exemplary electrode array implementation;

[0021] FIG. 8, is a schematic illustration of an exemplary flow chart for sensor training and electrode positioning;

[0022] FIG. 9, is a schematic illustration of another exemplary flow chart for sensor training and electrode positioning;

[0023] FIG. 10, is a schematic illustration of an exemplary flow chart for sensor training and determining electrode array combination;

[0024] FIG. 11, is a schematic illustration of another exemplary flow chart for sensor training; and

[0025] FIG. 12A, illustrates the less effective positioning and polarity of the electrode pair along the zygomatic major muscles, with FIG. 12B, illustrating the more effective positioning and polarity of the electrode pair along the zygomatic major muscles, both as a function of position, polarity and pulse amplitude.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Provided herein are exemplary implementations of computerized systems, and computer-readable media for electrically activating facial muscles, in order to emulate a facial expression configured to ameliorate a mood disorder, as well as other indications capable of being addressed by the system.

[0027] In certain exemplary implementations, the systems and methods disclosed can be used as drug-free, non-invasive wearable devices in the course of treatment of anxiety, sleep disorders, emotional disorders, and Insomnia. As well as for Alzheimer, and Dementia patients who experience anxiety and cognitive impairment (memory).

[0028] The disclosure aims to provide a device and a method for the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders through the stimulation of facial muscles. The device uses multipolar electrical fields, optionally combined with patient biofeedback. Anxiety is generally referred to as a feeling of uneasiness, nervousness, or fear. Everyone feels anxious sometimes, but feeling that way often, or all the time - can affect one’s health. Anxiety seems to be more common in people with Dementia who have good insight and awareness of their condition. Anxiety has a negative impact on cognitive impairment and is associated with agitation and poor quality of life. Anxiety can make symptoms of dementia worse - particularly symptoms that affect a subject’s attention, planning, organizing and decision-making.

[0029] It was previously shown that faking a smile can help for example to put a subject in need thereof in a better mood. Smiling (even fake or forced smiling) makes the subject use facial muscles that can help “trick” the brain into feeling more positive. Thus, stimulating specific facial muscles can improved mood.

[0030] In an exemplary implementation, provided herein are devices and methods for the treatment of various neurological, health, nutritional, behavioral, and psychiatric diseases through the stimulation of facial muscles. The devices use multipolar electrical fields optionally combined with patient feedback. In certain exemplary implementations, the systems disclosed stimulate facialmuscles with electrical fields that can include feedback, and can be used to treat a myriad of brain neurological and psychological disorders. Anxiety, stress, depression, and also deal with stressors (for example, before giving a lecture). The systems and methods disclosed use Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) as means to generate FES, which is the underpinning technology that relies on bursts of short pulses of electrical charge that generate an electrical field which triggers action potentials in afferent and efferent neural pathways. The externally triggered efferent pathways directly activate muscles that are innervated by neurons or activate actual nerves. It is noted, that stimulation of the muscles can also be done by others methods such as mechanical- device pushing the muscles, vibration, and chemical stimulation.

[0031] The feedback sensed by the devices, systems and computer-readable media disclosed included can be, for example heartbeat rate, blood oxygen level (saturation), echocardiogram data, (ECG) and body temperature. Additionally, feedback sensed by the devices, systems and computer- readable media disclosed included can be bioimpedance parameters (referring to the measure of the opposition to the flow of an electric current through biological tissues), such as conductance and electrodermal activity in the head and neck region, providing insights into sympathetic nervous system activity, stress responses, and emotional arousal.

[0032] Furthermore, feedback sensed by the devices, systems and computer-readable media disclosed used to induce Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) or Electrical muscles stimulation (EMS) as means to generate FES, is configured in an exemplary implementation, to synchronize with the subject’s desired breathing rate in relaxed circumstances. In other words, the devices, systems and computer-readable media disclosed included can be used to induce the subject to inhale and exhale at rates that are associated with relaxation, as compared to breathing rate under stress, thereby forcing (or “nudging” the subject toward relaxation.

[0033] Accordingly and in exemplary implementation (see e.g., FIG. 2), provided herein is a computerized system 10 for treating mood disorder in a subject in need thereof, the system comprising: a plurality of electrode pairs lOli, 101 ’i, 102j, 102 ’j each electrode pair lOli, 101 ’i, 102j, 102’j operable to stimulate a predetermined facial muscle (see e.g., FIG. 1, where A is the orbicularis oculi muscle, and B is the Zygomatic major muscle), the plurality of electrode pairs lOli, 101 ’i, 102j, 102’j sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined location configured to induce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the predetermined facial muscles in the subject; a stimulator 501; a programmable sensor (see e.g., 402, FIG. 4A); and at least one processor 505, incommunication with the plurality of electrode pairs 101 i, 101 ’i, 102j, 102’j, the stimulator 501 , and the programmable sensor 402, the processor 505 further being in communication with a non-transitory memory device (e.g., a portable computing device, such as a smartphone 500), storing thereon a processor-readable media with a set of executable instructions configured, when executed by the at least one processor 505 to: using the programmable sensor 402, receive a triggering signal; and using the stimulator 501, activate at least one electrode pair lOli, 101 ’i, 102j, 102’j configured to induce FES in the subject.

[0034] In all the exemplary implementation described throughout this invention, the ‘plurality of electrode pairs’ or ‘electrode pairs’ configuration could also be replaced by a configuration of multielectrodes (or multi-polar stimulation) each activated by a different current (or voltage) to induce stimulation. The electrical field activated by these multitudes of electrodes leads to the stimulation of a set of predetermined muscles and the inhibition of the stimulation of other predetermined muscles.

[0035] The term "system" shall also be taken to include any collection of systems or subsystems that individually or jointly execute a set, or multiple sets, of instructions to perform one or more functions. Also, the term "system" refers to a logical assembly arrangement of multiple devices, and is not restricted to an arrangement wherein all of the component devices are in the same housing, or physical location. Additionally, the term “module” is used herein to refer to components, such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components and task components, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, hardware, microcode, circuitry, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables. The functionality provided for in the components and modules may be combined into fewer components and modules or further separated into additional components and modules. Further, the term “module” or “component” can also refer to sub systems, meaning structural components or portions of the HSG, mechanical systems, electrical systems, hydraulic systems, and pneumatic systems.

[0036] Furthermore, in the context of the disclosure, the term “operable” means the system and / or the device and / or the module, and / or the sub-system, and / or the program, or a certain element or step is fully functional, sized, adapted and calibrated, comprises elements for, and meets applicable operability requirements to perform a recited function when activated, coupled, implemented, actuated, effected, realized, or when an executable program is executed by at least one processor associated with the system and / or the module, and / or the device. In relation to systems and circuits, the term "operable" means the system and / or the circuit is fully functional and calibrated, comprises logic for,having the hardware firmware, and software necessary, as well as the circuitry for, and meets applicable operability requirements to perform a recited function when executed by at least one processor.

[0037] In an exemplary implementation, the plurality of electrode pairs lOli, 101’i, 102j , 102 ’j are operable to induce Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) configured to affect the FES of the predetermined facial muscle. TENS and / or EMS refers to a treatment modalities that uses electric current to activate nerves. During TENS / EMS, pulsed electrical currents are generated by a portable pulse generator and delivered across the intact surface of the skin. The FES is configured to trigger for example, at least a partial Duchenne smile, referring to contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle, lifts the cheeks, pushes the skin surrounding the eye towards the eye socket narrowing the eye opening, bagging or wrinkling the skin below the eye, and causes crows' feet and also involves the contraction of the zygomatic major muscle (which raises the comers of the mouth).

[0038] In an exemplary implementation, Facial Action Coding System, which classifies and labels observable human facial movements in respect to muscular motion can be used as part of the systems and methods disclosed. Its components are assigned as AU or action units. For example, AU 6 is associated with orbicularis oculi, the muscle present in eyes orbiting area and cheek raiser, while AU 12 is associated with zygomaticus major (see e.g., B, FIG. 1), the muscle that pulls lip corners. To wit, the orbicularis oculi and zygomatic major combine to generate a Duchenne smile. For instance, facial region of muscles, zygomaticus, is associated with display of positive felt emotion during pleasurable acts.

[0039] Turning back to FIG. 2, and adding FIG.s 12A and 12B, in an exemplary implementation, the sensor 402 (which can also contain the stimulator (and pulse generator PG) 501) can be attached to the subject’s mandible mental protuberance (chin). Electrodes pairs 10 li, 101 ’i, 102j, 102’j will be positioned to cover different points on the face to stimulate required muscles. Additional electrode pairs can be included to make sure that a predetermined subset of them will be selected at the end to bring an optimal stimulation. Same predetermined muscles can also be stimulated by a configuration of multiple electrode spread on predetermined positions, each electrode activated separately or in conjunction with other electrodes together creating multi-polar stimulation.

[0040] Accordingly, the predetermined facial muscle to which FES is applied and which is stimulated, are the two orbicularis oculi muscles (on each side of the face, and two zygomatic majormuscles (again, on each side of the face), each predetermined facial muscle being stimulated through a corresponding plurality of electrode pairs lOli, 101’i, 102j, 102’j, the same predetermined facial muscles could also be stimulated through multi-polar stimulation The sensor 402, can be used for direct measurement of muscles movements such the orbicularis oculi and zygomatic major or any of the facial skeletal muscles. Measurement can be conducted by, for example, at least one of: a direct measurement by surface sensor on the face muscles; a direct measurement by surface electrodes on the face muscles; and a measurement by image processing on pictures and / or videos taken by an imaging module, for example one in a portable computing device such as a smartphone.

[0041] As further illustrated in FIG. 2, in an exemplary implementation, the system is a wireless wearable stimulation box that generates electrical currents to the many electrode pairs lOli, 101 ’i, 102j, 102’j, attached to adhesive pads (note: electrodes could also be configured in multielectrodes configuration to deliver multi-polar stimulation). The stimulation box is operable to accommodate the electrode pairs. During charging the box can be plugged for example, into a USB cable for charging.

[0042] In another exemplary implementation, the following are the stimulation parameters used:Voltage amplitude - 1.5 V- 80VCurrent amplitude - 5mA - 20 mAPulse width / duration - 100 .s - 100msPulse frequency - 30 Hz- 200Hz

[0043] As illustrated in FIG.s 12A, and 12B, and in another exemplary implementation, the plurality of electrode pairs configured to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles 102j, 102’j are positioned with a lower electrode 1020j, 1020’j in each plurality of electrode pair 102j, 102’j disposed above the subject’s lip line 5012, and an upper electrode 102 Ij, 1021 ’j in each plurality of electrode pair 102j, 102’j disposed between about 0.1 cm. and about 5 cm. above the lower electrode, along the zygomatic major muscle. Furthermore, the lower electrode 1020j, 1020’j in each plurality of electrode pair 102j, 102’j is positive electrode, and the upper electrode 102 Ij, 1021’j in each plurality of electrode pair 102j, 102’j is a negative electrode, where each electrode pair 102j, 102’j operable to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles using monophasic pulses (see e.g., FIG. 3 A-C), carried out such that an unidirectional electrical current is configured to flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode. In another exemplary implementation, multiple electrodes could be placed toutilize the same effects, by activating these electrodes in multipolar configuration or other configurations such that the activation of the subset of the electrodes creates a positive electrical field closer to the lower side of the zygomatic major muscles (closer to the nose area, or closer to the lips) or any desired electrical field distributions along the face. Accordingly, and in another exemplary implementation, stimulation of the Zygomaticus major muscle (as well as the orbicularis oculi muscle) could each be isolated and stimulated using for example tri-polar stimulation. For example, a single cathode can be active and can send current to a first anode and a second anode that can share an equal potential difference. Tri-polar stimulation may be beneficial because it can more effectively localize the electrical field and limit the amount of current spread thus reducing side effects.

[0044] As illustrated in FIG. 12A; stimulation following placement of a lower (cathode) electrode 1020j in line with lip line 5012 of the subject, at a stimulation amplitude of 9 milli-ampere (mA) (top), caused EFS activation of the Buccinator muscle (the upper lip), resulting in discomfort to the subject, while repeating the stimulation at higher amplitude of 15 mA, caused EFS of the Buccinator muscle as well as the Levator labii Superioris (close to the nose) while inducing a very small motion of the Zygomaticus major. Conversely, as depicted in FIG. 12B, stimulation following placement of the lower (anode) electrode 1020j above the lip line 5012 of the subject, at an amplitude of 9 mA (top), caused EFS small activation of the Zygomaticus major muscle, without other side effects, while repeating the stimulation at higher amplitude of 15 mA (12B, bottom), caused effective EFS of the Zygomaticus major muscle. It is to be noted that the same effects accomplished in Fig. 12A and Fig. 12B could be accomplished by monophasic / biphasic, or tri-polar stimulation, or any other stimulation given that the first phase of the stimulation waveforms are creating the required polarity of the electrical field at the desired locations. In other words, the electrical field created by the stimulation creates positive and negative areas in the facial tissue, it is desired that areas on the face will see desired polarities in the initial phase of the stimulation waveform that activates the desired muscle. For example, in biphasic pulse stimulation this means that the pulses sent to the stimulation electrode required to create a positive field must be initially positive creating the electrical fields at the required locations that leads to desired muscles activation. In a configuration having a pair of electrode trying to stimulate the Zygomaticus major muscle the lower electrode or the one closer to the lips or the nose should act as an anode thus should have an initial positive electrical pulse. In another configuration, three electrodes can be used, an electrode that is lower, near the lips or closer to the nose will act as an anode, another one further along, more lateral or upper will act as a cathodeand another third anode activated by a smaller electrical field next or on a tissue that is not intended to be stimulated, this ‘inhibitory anode’ will prevent the stimulation of unwanted area, or in other words prevent stimulation of unwanted tissue. The same effects can also be accomplished by multielectrodes configuration activating multi-polar stimulation, that create anodal current at places where less activation is desirable and cathodal stimulation at places where more stimulation is desired.

[0045] Turning now to FIG. 3, illustrating an exemplary implementation whereby the plurality of electrode pairs (or multiple electrodes) are operable to deliver pulsed electric signal (stimulation waveforms) using a plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses, the biphasic pulses are symmetric and / or asymmetric. Likewise, the monophasic pulse can have a Gaussian waveform (A) triangular waveform B, a square waveform (C), or a combination thereof, whereas the biphasic pulse has a sinusoidal waveform (D), a triangular waveform (E), or a combination thereof. Likewise, a symmetrical or asymmetrical bi-phasic square pulse (F) can be used, as well as ‘Modulated waveform’ which is a sequence of pulsed or sinusoidal, or other AC waveform that is modulated by another waveform (through amplitude modulation as described in G, Frequency modulation -not described-, or other forms of modulations) (G) or “saw tooth” bi-phasic waveform are used. Another appropriate monophasic and biphasic forms can be used.

[0046] As illustrated and in certain exemplary implementations, the symmetrical bi-phasic square pulse (F) can be implemented using the following protocol:• Voltage amplitude - 1.5V-80V• Current amplitude - 1mA - 15mA• Pulse width / duration - 100 ps• Pulse frequency - 70Hz• Working time - 4 sec• Rest time (between pulses) - 6 secTreatment session of 20 minutes, 1 session / day

[0047] Additionally, or alternatively, the ‘Modulated waveform’ pulse waveform (G), characterized by a high-frequency burst of electrical pulses delivered in rapid succession, with each burst containing a series of shorter pulses. The bursts are delivered in trains, with intervals between bursts, allowing for muscle recovery can be implemented using the following protocol:■ Voltage amplitude - 1.5V-80V■ Current amplitude - 1mA - 7mA■ Frequency - 20- 100Hz■ Carrier wave - 1000-2000 Hz■ Pulse Width 100 p.s■ Working time - 4 sec■ Rest time (between pulses) - 6 sec Treatment session of 20 minutes, 1 session / day

[0048] Also, “sawtooth” bi-phasic wave-form can be implemented using the following protocol:• Voltage amplitude - 1.5V-80V• Current amplitude - 1mA - 7mA• Frequency - 10-50Hz• Pulse Width 200ms• Working time - 4 sec• Rest time (between pulses) - 6 sec

[0049] Turning now to FIG. 4A-4F, illustrating another exemplary implementation of system 10, where a programmable sensor 402 is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned in the subject’s external acoustic meatus (ear canal), for example as an earphone (see e.g., FIG. 4B) having an array 4020 of sensing elements. The sensor 402 in FIG. 4A, can be configured for indirect measurement of muscles movements and their position for example “Face muscles” (see e.g., FIG.s 4C, 4D) such as the orbicularis oculi and zygomatic major or any of the skeleton (skeletal) muscles. Additionally, or alternatively, Eye tracking can also be used. In certain exemplary implementation sensor 402, the indirect sensor will be integrated with Headphones / headset, or as an adhesive pad 403 attached on the neck or behind the ear’ (see e.g., FIG.s 4D, 5). The Sensor measurement could be based measuring changes of at least one of: light, vibration, mechanical, and force. Movement of facial muscles or other muscles around the body could introduce subtle movements, forces, vibrations or optical properties at other locations in the body where the sensor is placed. For example, movements of facial muscles could introduce subtle movements within the ear canal, thus placing of a force sensor within the ear canal can sample these subtle movements and indirectly determine the movements of the facial muscles. The sensor 402 described in Fig. 4A- Fig. 4E could consist of at least one sensing element or an array of sensing elements.

[0050] Turning now to FIG. 4E, illustrating another exemplary implementation of the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned in the subject’s waist, for example as a sticker 404 with an array of sensing elements 4040. The sensor 404 in FIG. 4E, can be configured for indirect measurement of muscles movements and positions for example “Skeleton (skeletal)muscles” such the quadriceps femoris and peroneus longus. Additionally, or alternatively, the programmable sensor 402 is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned in other parts of the subject’s Body, the sensor can be configured for indirect measurement of muscles movements or any other skeleton (skeletal) muscles. The Sensor measurement could be based measuring changes of at least one of: light, vibration, electrophysiological, mechanical, and force.

[0051] In certain exemplary implementations (see e.g., FIG. 11), the sensor installed in the ear canal 976 is programmable and can be calibrated, so the indirect measurement for example, for the force meter are correlated with any of other direct measurement of facial expression such as a camera system measuring of facial expressions. For example, the sensor 402, can be programmed or calibrated by instructing 977 the subject to make a predetermined set of facial expressions, for example, a Duchenne smile, a smile involving only the eyes, a smile involving only the lips, a frown, and a surprise, then recording the signal response from the sensor 402, as well as, using an imaging module, capturing an image of each of the facial expressions 978, the captured signal is analyzed and correlated 979 with the facial expression instructed, with this correlation between the sensor and the analyzed expressions, the sensor can now operate independent of the vision system detecting the calibrated facial expressions. Moreover, the sensor can be used in the monitoring of several indications.

[0052] For example, as a part of behavioral application where the sensor can detect Smile (Duchenne, Genuine or fake smiles) for example or detect lazy muscle in the body or conduct Eye tracking or detect any other form of facial expression. In addition, as part of Epilepsy application, the sensor can be programmed to detect (and report) Epileptic seizures, an emergency alarm will be activated and / or warning notification will be sent to relevant and assistances for help, seizures might induce muscular expression, tone changes or relaxations that indirectly is projected unto subtle changes and forces to the inner ear sensor thus indirectly detecting such changes and with special algorithms determining the occurrence of an epileptic seizure. The sensor can be programed to conduct Eye tracking and Muscles reactions during seizures. Moreover, for Parkinson application where sensors can be placed on the subject’s ear, arm, wrist, thigh and waist (see e.g., FIG. 4A-4F), and to be programmed to indirectly sense (and report) Muscles rigidity, measure gait, record face expressionsand to provide feedback in close loop with the Pulse Generator (PG). The reported feedback can be shared with the physicians for follow up and to be used for advanced PG calibration as well. In all these applications, the sensor can be calibrated to the actual expression, muscles movements, tones and positions with data relevant to what it is trying to detect prior to it being activated in a detection mode.

[0053] In treating depression, or in the use of complimentary medicine, where the sensor can be programmed to indirectly detect facial expressions such as anger and stress and to provide mood status report. Similarly, in the treatment of anxiety. Likewise, in the treatment (and monitoring) of sleep disorders, where the sensor can be programmed to measure sleep quality and teeth grinding.

[0054] In other exemplary indications the sensor can be used to indirectly detect or monitor stress, where the programmable sensor can be used as a Stress meter and monitor the speech speed / quality and provide real-time, online advice to deal with stressors such as presentation and stage fright. Speech therapy can also be addressed using the programmable sensor disclosed, as well as tracking general health, dietary regimens, physiotherapy and rehabilitation post stroke.

[0055] In addition, the sensor can be programmed to be part of an awareness and alertness tracking application where it can be measuring the relaxation of the face muscles and the lower jaw, the tracking application provides alarms (voice, vibration...) where the user loses his or her alertness, it can be very helpful to prevent car accidents, and prevent embarrassing situation of alertness loss or sleeping during meetings or lectures.

[0056] In certain exemplary implementations, the programmable sensor can be used as a remote control to control standard electrical devices, for example to use as remote for Smail TV turn on / off, increase / decrease volume using facial expression or eye motion. The same can apply for controlling gaming consoles.

[0057] In an exemplary implementation, provided herein is an application for a portable computing device operable to conduct facial detection, used to control the device stimulation parameters (e.g., duration, amplitudes, pulse width, and waveform shape). The application configured to deliver paradigms for cognitive behaviors and brain computer interface to increase the effectiveness of therapy, such as for depression and / or anxiety. As illustrated in FIG. 5 the application is operable to perform facial detection, detecting which electrode pair, or group of electrode pairs, or a configuration of electrodes should be activated and thus driving the therapy’s effectiveness. The application is further operable to recognize patterns related to different facial expressions such a smile,anger and other facial expression using direct / indirect sensor. The application is also operable to track the mood and report statistics regarding the patient.

[0058] In an exemplary implementation, and as illustrated in FIG.s 6-10, the systems disclosed are used to implement the methods described. Accordingly, provided herein is a method of treating a mood disorder in a subject in need thereof, implemented in a system comprising: a plurality of electrode pairs, each electrode pair operable to stimulate a predetermined facial muscle, the plurality of electrode pairs sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined location configured to induce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the predetermined facial muscles in the subject; a stimulator; a programmable sensor; and at least one processor, in communication with the plurality of electrode pairs, the stimulator, and the programmable sensor, the processor further being in communication with a non-transitory memory device, storing thereon a processor-readable media with a set of executable instructions configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: using the programmable sensor, receive a triggering signal; and using the stimulator, activate at least one electrode pair configured to induce FES in the subject, the method comprising: using the programmable sensor, receiving a trigger signal associated with the mood disorder; using the stimulator, inducing a FES pattern configured to treat the mood disorder. Note: As mentioned earlier and elsewhere in the invention, instead of using plurality of electrode pairs configuration one can use plurality of electrodes configuration activating multi-polar stimulation.

[0059] In another exemplary implementation, provided herein is a method of positioning a plurality of electrode pairs on a face of a subject, each electrode pair operable to stimulate a predetermined facial muscle, the plurality of electrode pairs is sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined location configured to induce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the predetermined facial muscles in the subject, the method, implemented in a system comprising: the plurality of electrode pairs, a programmable sensor, an imaging module, and a central processing module (CPM) in communication with the plurality of electrode pairs, the programmable sensor, and the imaging module, the method comprising: manually attaching a first half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a first estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a first half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a first estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; manually attaching a second half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a first estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a second half-pair electrode of asecond electrode pair along a first estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; using the CPM, causing the first and second electrode pairs to affect FES of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the zygomatic major muscle; using the imaging module, capturing an image of a first resulting facial expression; manually attaching a first half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a second estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a first half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a second estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; manually attaching a second half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a second estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a second half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a second estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; using the CPM, causing the first and second electrode pairs to affect FES of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the zygomatic major muscle; using the imaging module, capturing an image of a second resulting facial expression; analyzing the first image and the second image; determining at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, at least one position in the second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each half-pair electrode position configured to cause an EFS pattern to affect a predetermined facial expression; optionally, rendering each of the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, on a captured image of the subject face. Note: As mentioned earlier and elsewhere in the invention, instead of using plurality of electrode pairs configuration one can use plurality of electrodes configuration activating multi-polar stimulation.

[0060] As illustrated in FIG. 8, during the initial treatment session- the subject with the help of practitioner put 801 the electrodes on the place expected to stimulate the specific muscle, followed by a photo that will be taken by the computerized application to provide a reference for the place of the face and the electrodes placement. Once placed, the electrode pairs are tested 802, and if successful in inducing the sought facial expression 803 (e.g., achieving Duchenne marker), using the imaging module associated with the application to capture 802 the position of the electrode pairs. Otherwise, relocating the electrode pairs and repeating the process until the placement and positioning is effective.Once the effective position is determined, certain features can be extracted from the sensor and the image captured, such as, for example, force, vibration, light, eye geometry (aspect ratio of eyes) and the like. These features are then used to train the sensor for all other indications. Note: As mentioned earlier and elsewhere in the invention, instead of using plurality of electrode pairs configuration one can use plurality of electrodes configuration activating multi-polar stimulation.

[0061] Turning now to FIG. 9, where in the second treatment session and on, the patient places 902 the electrodes (see e.g., FIG. 5, 6), the app will scan 903 the face with the electrodes places and will predict 904 if the electrode pairs are in the right place. If 905 it is wrong 906 the options can be: а.) give directions to the subject where is the proper place to locate the electrode pairs (see e.g., FIG. б, correcting from 601p locations to 602q); orb.) using the imaging module of the portable computing device500 (e.g., smartphone) equipped with an augmented reality capabilities, rendering the proper location for the electrode pairs 5100n on a real-time captured image of the subject. Note: As mentioned earlier and elsewhere in the invention, instead of using plurality of electrode pairs configuration one can use plurality of electrodes configuration activating multi-polar stimulation.

[0062] Additionally or alternatively, multi-polar stimulation 952 can be carried out (see e.g., FIG.s 7, and 10), whereby app 510 (see e.g., FIG.5) captures 953 the face profile with the electrodes and decide on behalf of the patient which electrodes combination is the best 954 for having optimal stimulation results. The app will make the decision on which electrodes combination work and which electrode combination do not. In this case an adhesive pad 701, 701’ containing many electrodes 7010m, 7011k (more than 3 on each side of the face). The adhesive pad 701, 701’ will be attached 951 to the face on each side. Electrode pairs 7010m, 7011k will cover different points on the face in order to stimulate required muscles. Extra electrode pairs 7010m, 7011k are included in certain exemplary implementations and will be selected to stop the spread of excitation electrical field to unwanted facial regions. The electrode pairs can be configured to stimulate each muscle in two ways, along the muscle and across it in order to produce accurate FES. Note: As mentioned earlier and elsewhere in the invention, instead of using plurality of electrode pairs configuration one can use plurality of electrodes configuration activating multi-polar stimulation. The algorithm could determine a configuration of electrodes each with a stimulation current (or voltage) to create the desired facial muscles activation.

[0063] In this configuration and in an exemplary implementation, the stimulation parameters can be:EXAMPLE I: Treatment Parameters:Voltage amplitude - 1.5V-80VCurrent amplitude - 1mA - 12mAPulse width / duration - 100 p.sPulse frequency - 70HzWorking time - 2 secRest time (between pulses) - 1 secStimulation Waveform- Biphasic, symmetricTreatment session of 20 minutes, 1 session / day

[0064] Accordingly and in yet another exemplary implementation, provided herein is a method of affecting a predetermined facial expression in a subject in need thereof, induced by a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of predetermined facial muscles, the method, implemented in a system comprising: a first array of a plurality of electrodes, a second array of a plurality of electrodes, each of the plurality of electrodes in the second array being associated with a corresponding electrode in the first array, a programmable sensor, an imaging module, and a central processing module (CPM) in communication with the first array, the second array, the programmable sensor, and the imaging module, the method comprising: manually attaching the first array of the plurality of electrode on a first side of the subject’ s face, the first array sized, shaped and configured to affect FES of the subject’ s orbicularis oculi muscle, and the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each on the first side of the subject’s face; manually attaching the second array of the plurality of electrode on a second side of the subject’s face, the first array sized, shaped and configured to affect FES of the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each on the second side of the subject’s face; using the CPM, affecting a multi-polar stimulation of a predetermined combination of electrodes in the first array and the second array; using the imaging module, capturing a stream of images of the resulting facial expressions; analyzing the stream of images; determining an electrode combination in the first array, and an electrode combination in the second array configured to cause a resulting EFS pattern to affect the predetermined facial expression.

[0065] The term “in need thereof’ refers in the context of the disclosure, to a subject exhibiting depression, anxiety or related symptoms.

[0066] In the context of the disclosure, the term “processor” can include, but is not necessarily being limited to, an instruction execution system such as a computer / processor basedsystem, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a computing device, or a hardware and / or software system that can fetch or obtain the logic from a non-transitory storage medium or a non- transitory computer-readable storage medium and execute the instructions contained therein. The processor can also include any controller, state-machine, microprocessor, or any other analogue, digital and / or mechanical implementation thereof. In addition, the computer program (software and / or firmware), can comprise program code means for carrying out the steps of the methods described herein, as well as a computer program product comprising program code means stored on a medium that can be read by a computer, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD, USB memory stick, or a storage medium that can be accessed via a data network, and may contain secured data sought to be transferred.

[0067] In an exemplary implementation non-transitory memory device, interchangeable with the terms “non-transitory storage medium” and / or “non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” refers to, any media that can contain, store, or maintain programs, information, and data. Non- transitory storage medium and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium may include any one of many physical media such as, for example, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or semiconductor media. More specific examples of suitable non-transitory storage medium and non- transitory computer-readable storage medium include, but are not limited to, a magnetic computer diskette such as floppy diskettes or hard drives, magnetic tape, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a flash drive, a compact disc (CD), or a digital video disk (DVD). The memory device may comprise other types of memory as well, or combinations thereof. In addition, the memory medium may be located in a first computer in which the programs are executed, and / or may be located in a second different computer which connects to the first computer over a network, such as the Internet. In the latter instance, the second computer may further provide program instructions to the first computer for execution. The term “memory device” can also include two or more memory devices which may reside in different locations, e.g., in different computers that are connected over a network.

[0068] Additionally or alternatively, non-transitory memory device(s) may also comprise volatile memory. The term volatile memory may be used herein to refer to memory accessed by the processor in order to execute an operating system and / or one or more programs or executables on the device. Volatile memory may refer to and / or may be described as one or more of processor memory, program memory, dynamic memory, RAM, and / or the like.

[0069] Further, the processor may be operably coupled to the various modules and components with appropriate circuitry, may also be used herein, the tcrm(s) “operably coupled to”, “coupled to”, and / or “coupling” includes direct coupling between items and / or indirect coupling between items via an intervening item (e.g., an item includes, but is not limited to, a component, an element, a circuit, an engine, and / or a module) where, for indirect coupling, the intervening item does not modify the information of a signal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and / or power level. As may further be used herein, inferred coupling (i.e., where one element is coupled to another element by inference) includes direct and indirect coupling between two items in the same manner as “coupled to”. As may even further be used herein, the term “operable to” or “operably coupled to” indicates that an item includes one or more of power connections, input(s), output(s), etc., to perform, when activated, one or more its corresponding functions and may further include inferred coupling to one or more other items. As may still further be used herein, the term “associated with”, includes direct and / or indirect coupling of separate items and / or one item being embedded within another item.

[0070] It is noted that the term “imaging module” as used herein means a unit that includes a plurality of built-in image and / or optic sensors and outputs electrical signals, which have been obtained through photoelectric conversion, as an image, while the term “module” refers to software, hardware, for example, a processor, or a combination thereof that is programmed with instructions for carrying an algorithm or method. The modules described herein may communicate through a wired connection, for example, a hard-wired connections, a local area network, or the modules may communicate wirelessly. The imaging module may comprise charge coupled devices (CCDs), a complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) or a combination comprising one or more of the foregoing. If static images are captured, the imaging module can comprise a digital frame camera, where the field of view (FOV) can be predetermined by, for example, the camera size and the distance from the subject’s face. The cameras used in the imaging modules of the systems and methods disclosed, can be a digital camera. The term “digital camera” refers in an embodiment to a digital still camera, a digital video recorder that can capture a still image of an object and the like. The digital camera can comprise an image capturing unit or module, a capture controlling module, a processing unit (which can be the same or separate from the central processing module).

[0071] Capturing the image can be done with, for example image capturing means such as a CCD solid image capturing device of the full-frame transfer type, and / or a CMOS-type solid image capturing device, or their combination.

[0072] The systems used herein can be computerized systems further comprising, together with the central processing module (CPM); a display module; and a user interface module. The Display modules, which can include display elements, which may include any type of element which acts as a display. A typical example is a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). LCD for example, includes a transparent electrode plate arranged on each side of a liquid crystal. There are however, many other forms of displays, for example OLED displays and Bi-stable displays. New display technologies are also being developed constantly. Therefore, the term display should be interpreted widely and should not be associated with a single display technology. Also, the display module may be mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) of an electronic device, arranged within a protective housing and the display module is protected from damage by a glass or plastic plate arranged over the display element and attached to the housing.

[0073] Additionally, “user interface module” broadly refers to any visual, graphical, tactile, audible, sensory , or other means of providing information to and / or receiving information from a user or other entity. For example, a set of instructions which enable presenting a graphical user interface (GUI) on a display module to a user for displaying and changing and or inputting data associated with a data object in data fields. In an embodiment, the user interface module is capable of displaying any data that it reads from the imaging module.

[0074] Unless specifically stated otherwise, as apparent from the following discussions, it is appreciated that throughout the specification discussions utilizing terms such as “processing,” “loading,” “in communication,” “transferring”, “receiving”, “sending”, “detecting,” “calculating,” “determining”, “analyzing,” or the like, refer to the action and / or processes of a computer or computing system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulate and / or transform data represented as physical, such as a transistor architecture into other data similarly represented as physical and structural layers.

[0075] As may also be used herein, the terms “module”, “processing circuit”, and / or “processing unit” may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices. Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller, digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, field programmable gate array, programmable logic device,state machine, logic circuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and / or any device that manipulates signals (analog and / or digital) based on hard coding of the circuitry and / or operational instructions (in other words, firmware). The processor, processing circuit, and / or processing unit may have an associated memory and / or an integrated memory element, which may be a single memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and / or embedded circuitry of the processing module, module, processing circuit, and / or processing unit. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory, random access memory, transient memory, non-transient memory, static memory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and / or any device that stores digital information.

[0076] Note that if the processor, module, processing circuit, and / or processing unit includes more than one processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located or may be distributed (e.g., cloud computing via indirect coupling via a local area network and / or a wide area network). Still further it is noted that, the memory element may store, and processor, module, processing circuit, and / or processing unit executes, hard coded and / or operational instructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and / or functions illustrated in one or more of FIG.s. 8-11 elements. Such a memory device or memory element can be and is included in an exemplary implementation as an article of manufacture.

[0077] The term "comprising" and its derivatives, as used herein, are intended to be open ended terms that specify the presence of the stated features, elements, components, groups, integers, and / or steps, but do not exclude the presence of other unstated features, elements, components, groups, integers and / or steps. The foregoing also applies to words having similar meanings such as the terms, "including", "having" and their derivatives.

[0078] The terms “a”, “an” and “the” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, and are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The suffix “(s)” as used herein is intended to include both the singular' and the plural of the term that it modifies, thereby including one or more of that term (e.g., the transceiver(s) includes one or more transceiver).

[0079] While particular' aspects of the present subject matter described herein have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications may be made without departing from the subject matter described herein and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of the subject matter describedherein. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) arc generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.).

[0080] It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to claims containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and / or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations).

[0081] Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that typically a disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms unlesscontext dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be typically understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”

[0082] When an ordinal number (such as “first”, “second”, “third” and so on) is used as an adjective before a term, that ordinal number is used (unless expressly specified otherwise) merely to indicate a particular’ feature, such as to distinguish that particular feature from another feature that is described by the same term or by a similar- term, but that ordinal number does not have any other meaning or limiting effect — it is merely a convenient name. For example, a “first widget” may be so named merely to distinguish it from, e.g., a “second widget”. Thus, the mere usage of the ordinal numbers “first” and “second” before the term “widget” does not indicate any other relationship between the two widgets, and likewise does not indicate any other characteristics of either or both widgets. For example, the mere usage of the ordinal numbers “first” and “second” before the term “widget” (1) does not indicate that either widget comes before or after any other in order or location; (2) does not indicate that either widget occurs or acts before or after any other in time; and (3) does not indicate that either widget ranks above or below any other, as in importance or quality. The mere usage of ordinal numbers does not define a numerical limit to the features identified with the ordinal numbers. For example, the mere usage of the ordinal numbers “first” and “second” before the term “widget” does not indicate that there are exactly two widgets.

[0083] Reference throughout the specification to “one exemplary implementation”, “another exemplary implementation”, “an exemplary implementation”, and so forth, when present, means that a particular element (e.g., feature, structure, and / or characteristic) described in connection with the exemplary implementation is included in at least one exemplary implementation described herein, and may or may not be present in other exemplary implementations. In addition, it is to be understood that the described elements may be combined in any suitable manner in the various exemplary implementations .

[0084] Accordingly and in an exemplary implementation, provided herein is a computerized system for treating mood disorder (or other applications) in a subject in need thereof, the system comprising: a plurality of electrodes, , the plurality of electrodes sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined location configured to induce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of predetermined facial muscles in the subject; a stimulator; a programmable sensor; and at least one processor, in communication with the plurality of electrodes, the stimulator, and the programmable sensor, the processor further being in communication with a non-transitorymemory device, storing thereon a processor-readable media with a set of executable instructions configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: using the programmable sensor, receive a triggering signal; and using the stimulator, activate at least one electrode pair configured to induce FES in the subject, wherein (i) the plurality of electrodes are operable to induce Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and / or Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) configured to affect the FES of predetermined facial muscles, (ii) the FES is configured to trigger at least partial Duchenne smile, wherein (iii) the predetermined facial muscle to which FES is applied to two orbicularis oculi muscles, and two zygomatic major muscles, each predetermined facial muscle being stimulated through a corresponding plurality of electrodes, (iv) the plurality of electrodes are operable to deliver pulsed electric signal using a plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses, wherein (v) the plurality of electrodes configured to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles are positioned with a lower electrode in each plurality of electrodes disposed above the subject’s lip line (close to the nose, to the lips, or to the mouth), and an upper electrode in each plurality of electrodes disposed between about 0.1 cm. and about 5 cm. above the lower electrode, along the zygomatic major muscle (or lateral to the lower electrode, away from the lips, nose or mouth), (vi) the lower electrode in each plurality of electrodes is positive electrode, and the upper electrode in each plurality of electrodes is a negative electrode, wherein (vii) each electrodes are operable to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles using biphasic (or monophasic, or many other stimulation paradigms) pulses, carried out such that an unidirectional electrical current is configured to flow from the positive electrode (anode) to the negative electrode, wherein (viii) the biphasic pulses are symmetric, (ix) non- symmetric, wherein (x) the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having less than 150 volts, for example, between 1 volt (V) and 75 V, or between 5V and 60V, such as between 20V and 40V, or (xi) wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having a potential of between 1.5 volts (V) and 150V, (xii) having a current amplitude of between 5 milliamp (mA) and 30 mA, for example between 5 mA and 18 mA, or between 9 mA and 15 mA, (xiii) having a pulse duration of between 100 s and 400 ms (not including rest time between pulses), for example, between 100 ps and 250 ms, (xiv) having a frequency of between 10 Hz and 200 Hz, for example, between 20 Hz, and 100 Hz, or 70 Hz, wherein (xv) the monophasic pulse has a Gaussian waveform, triangular waveform, a square waveform, or a combination thereof, (xvi) the biphasic pulse has a sinusoidal waveform, a triangular waveform, a symmetric square waveform, a modulated pulse waveform, a saw-tooth wave form or a bi-phasic wave form comprising one or more of the foregoing, wherein(xvii) the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned on the subject’ s mandible mental protuberance, (xviii) in the subject’s external acoustic meatus, (xix) the programmable sensor is operable to detect a facial muscle contraction; and communicate the facial muscle contraction to the at least one processor, wherein (xx) the set of executable instructions are further configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: analyze the facial muscle contraction; correlate the facial muscle contraction with a predetermined FES pattern; using the plurality of electrode pairs, affect the predetermined EFS pattern, wherein (xxi) the system comprises between 2 and 20 electrodes , wherein (I vii) the programmable sensor is further operable to receive physiological feedback, (Ixviii) the physiological feedback is: a heart beat, a body temperature, a blood saturation level, a bioimpedance signal, or a physiological feedback data comprising one or more of the foregoing, and wherein (Ixix) the plurality of electrode pairs are operable to induce the TENS AND / OR EMS configured to affect the FES at a frequency synchronized with a predetermined breathing rate, (Ixx) the predetermined breathing rate is associated with a relaxed state of the subject.

[0085] In another exemplary implementation, provided herein is a method of treating a mood disorder in a subject in need thereof, implemented in a system comprising: a plurality of electrodes pairs, the plurality of electrodes sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined locations configured to induce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of a predetermined facial muscles in the subject; a stimulator; a programmable sensor; and at least one processor, in communication with the plurality of electrode pairs, the stimulator, and the programmable sensor, the processor further being in communication with a non-transitory memory device, storing thereon a processor-readable media with a set of executable instructions configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: using the programmable sensor, receive a triggering signal; and using the stimulator, activate at least one electrode pair configured to induce FES in the subject, the method comprising: using the programmable sensor, receiving a trigger signal associated with the mood disorder; using the stimulator, inducing a FES pattern configured to treat the mood disorder, wherein (xxii) the plurality of electrodes are operable to induce Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) configured to affect the FES of the predetermined facial muscles, (xxiii) the FES is configured to trigger at least partial Duchenne smile, wherein (xxiv) the predetermined facial muscles to which FES is applied to two orbicularis oculi muscles, and two zygomatic major muscle, each predetermined facial muscle being stimulated through a corresponding plurality of electrode configuration, (xxv) the plurality of electrodesconfiguration are operable to deliver pulsed electric signal using a plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses, wherein (xxvi) the plurality of electrodes arc configured to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles are positioned with a lower electrode in each plurality of electrode pair disposed above the subject’s lip line (close to the nose, to the lips, or to the mouth), and an upper electrode in each plurality of electrodes disposed between about 0.1 cm. and about 5 cm. above the lower electrode, along the zygomatic major muscle (or away from the nose or lip, or lateral to the lower electrode), (xxvii) the lower electrode in each plurality of electrode pair is positive electrode, and the upper electrode in each plurality of electrode pair is a negative electrode, (xxviii) each electrode configuration operable to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles using biphasic and / or monophasic pulses, carried out such that an unidirectional electrical current is configured to flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, wherein (xxix) the biphasic pulses are symmetric, (xxx) non-symmetric (asymmetric), (xxxi) the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having less than 150 volts, for example, between 1 volt (V) and 75 V, or between 5V and 60V, such as between 20V and 40 V, or (xi) wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having a potential of between 1.5 volts (V) and 80V, (xxxii) having a current amplitude of between 5 milliamp (mA) and 30 mA, for example between 5 mA and 18 mA, or between 9 mA and 15 mA, (xxxiii) having a pulse duration of between 100 ps and 400 ms (not including rest time between pulses), for example, between 100 ps and 250 ms, (xxxiv) having a frequency of between 10 Hz and 200 Hz, for example, between 20 Hz, and 100 Hz, or 70 Hz, wherein (xxxv) the monophasic pulse has a Gaussian waveform, triangular waveform, a square waveform, or a combination thereof, (xxxvi) the biphasic pulse has a sinusoidal waveform, a triangular waveform, a symmetric square waveform, a modulated pulse waveform, a saw-tooth wave form or a bi-phasic wave form comprising one or more of the foregoing, wherein (xxxvii) the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned on the subject’s mandible mental protuberance, (xxxviii) in the subject’s external acoustic meatus, (xxix) the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned on the subject’s neck or behind the ear, wherein (xl) the programmable sensor is operable to detect a facial muscle contraction; and communicate the facial muscle contraction to the at least one processor, wherein (xli) the set of executable instructions are further configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: analyze the facial muscle contraction; correlate the facial muscle contraction with a predetermined FES pattern; using the plurality of electrode pairs, affect the predetermined EFS pattern, (xlii) comprising between 2 and 20 electrodes, and (xliii) further comprising actuating a portion of theelectrode pairs configured to minimize the stimulation of muscles other than those directly affecting the FES pattern.

[0086] In yet another exemplary implementation, provided herein is a method of positioning a plurality of electrode pairs on a face of a subject, each electrode pair operable to stimulate a predetermined facial muscle, the plurality of electrode pairs is sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined location configured to induce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the predetermined facial muscles in the subject, the method, implemented in a system comprising; the plurality of electrode pairs, a programmable sensor, an imaging module, and a central processing module (CPM) in communication with the plurality of electrode pairs, the programmable sensor, and the imaging module, the method comprising: manually attaching a first half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a first estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a first half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a first estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; manually attaching a second half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a first estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a second half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a first estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; using the CPM, causing the first and second electrode pairs to affect FES of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the zygomatic major muscle; using the imaging module, capturing an image of a first resulting facial expression; manually attaching a first half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a second estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a first half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a second estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; manually attaching a second half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a second estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a second half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a second estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; using the CPM, causing the first and second electrode pairs to affect FES of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the zygomatic major muscle; using the imaging module, capturing an image of a second resulting facial expression; analyzing the first image and the second image; determining at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, at least one position in the second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and at least one position in the firstfacial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each half-pair electrode position configured to cause an EFS pattern to affect a predetermined facial expression; optionally, rendering each of the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, on a captured image of the subject face, wherein (xliv) the first estimated position for manually attaching the first half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and the first estimated position for manually attaching the first half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair in the second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle is each above a lip line of the subject, (xlv) the second estimated position for manually attaching the second half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and the second estimated position for manually attaching the second half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair in the second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle is each between about 1 cm. and about 5 cm. above the corresponding first half pair electrode, along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle of the subject, wherein (xlvi) the predetermined facial expression is at least a partial Duchenne smile, wherein (xlvii) the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned on the subject’s mandible mental protuberance, (xlviii) positioned in the subject’s external acoustic meatus, wherein (il) wherein the programmable sensor is operable to detect a facial muscle contraction; and communicate the facial muscle contraction to the CPM, whereby (1) the step of capturing the image of the first resulting facial expression, and the step of capturing the image of the second resulting facial expression, are each preceded, followed, or performed simultaneously with a step of: using the programmable sensor, detecting the facial muscles position; communicating the facial muscles position to the CPM; using the CPM, correlating the facial muscle contraction with the first, and second captured image respectively, wherein (li) the step of manually attaching the first halfpair electrode of the first electrode pair along the first estimated position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and the first half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair along the first estimated position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, is preceded by: instructing the subject to make a predetermined set of a plurality of facial expressions; using the imaging module, capturing an image of each of the set of the plurality of facial expressions; using the programmable sensor, detecting the facial muscles position; communicating the facialmuscles position to the CPM; using the CPM, correlating the facial muscle contraction with each of the captured images of each of the plurality of facial expressions, and wherein (lii) the step of determining the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, wherein each halfpair electrode position configured to cause an EFS pattern to affect the predetermined facial expression, further comprises; comparing the image of the first resulting facial expression, and the image of the second resulting facial expression with each of the set of the plurality of facial expressions images captured in response to the step of instructing the subject to make the predetermined set of a plurality of facial expressions; and positioning the at least one first half-pair electrode of the first electrode pair in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one first half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, the at least one second half-pair electrode of the first electrode pair in the second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one second half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair in the second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, in a position configured to emulate the muscle position associated with the image of the predetermined facial expression.

[0087] In an exemplary implementation, provided herein is a method of affecting a predetermined facial expression in a subject in need thereof, induced by a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of predetermined facial muscles, the method, implemented in a system comprising: a first array of a plurality of electrode, a second array of a plurality of electrode, each of the plurality of electrode pairs in the second array being associated with a corresponding electrode in the first array, a programmable sensor, an imaging module, and a central processing module (CPM) in communication with the first array, the second array, the programmable sensor, and the imaging module, the method comprising: manually attaching the first array of the plurality of electrode on a first side of the subject’ s face, the first array sized, shaped and configured to affect FES of the subject’ s orbicularis oculi muscle, and the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each on the first side of the subject’s face; manually attaching the second array of the plurality of electrode on a second side of the subject’s face, the first array sized, shaped and configured to affect FES of the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each on the second side of the subject’s face;using the CPM, affecting a multi-polar stimulation of a predetermined combination of electrodes in the first array and the second array; using the imaging module, capturing a stream of images of the resulting facial expressions; analyzing the stream of images; determining an electrode combination in the first array, and an electrode combination in the second array configured to cause a resulting EFS pattern to affect the predetermined facial expression, wherein (liii) the predetermined facial expression is at least a partial Duchenne smile, wherein (liv) the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned on the subject’s mandible mental protuberance, (Iv) positioned in the subject’s external acoustic meatus, (Ivi) positioned in the subject’s neck or behind the ear, wherein (Ivii) the programmable sensor is operable to detect a facial muscle contraction; and communicate the facial muscle contraction to the CPM, whereby (Iviii) the step of capturing the stream of images of the resulting facial expressions is preceded, followed, or performed simultaneously with a step of: using the programmable sensor, detecting the facial muscles position; communicating the facial muscles position to the CPM; using the CPM, correlating the facial muscle contractions with the captured image stream, (lix) the step of manually attaching the first array of the plurality of electrode on a first side of the subject’s face is preceded by: instructing the subject to make a predetermined set of a plurality of facial expressions; using the imaging module, capturing an image of each of the set of the plurality of facial expressions; using the programmable sensor, detecting the facial muscles position; communicating the facial muscles position to the CPM; using the CPM, correlating the facial muscle contraction with each of the captured images of each of the plurality of facial expressions, further comprising (lx) comparing the stream of images of the resulting facial expressions with each of the set of the plurality of facial expressions images captured in response to the step of instructing the subject to make the predetermined set of a plurality of facial expressions, and wherein (Ixi) the electrode combination of the first array, and the electrode combination of the second array is configured to cause the resulting EFS pattern to affect the facial expression most closely correlated with an image captured from the set of the plurality of facial expressions made by the subject in response to the step of instructing.

[0088] In another exemplary implementation, provided herein is a computerized system for recognizes facial expression and muscles motion using indirect sensing, the system comprising: a plurality of electrode pairs, each electrode pair operable to sense a predetermined facial muscle, the plurality of electrode pairs sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a predetermined location on a subject’s head configured to provide a signal upon motion of the muscle, forming a force sensorarray; a programmable sensor in communication with the plurality of electrode pairs; and at least one processor, in communication with the plurality of electrode pairs, and the programmable sensor, the processor further being in communication with a non-transitory memory device, storing thereon a processor-readable media with a set of executable instructions configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: using the plurality of electrode pairs, detecting a motion of facial muscle; and using the programmable sensor, recognizing at least one facial expression, wherein (Ixii) the force sensor array is implemented within a headphone, (Ixiii) is implemented within a Sticker, used (Ixiv) in the monitoring of at least one of: behavioral application, epilepsy application, Parkinson application, depression treatment, anxiety treatment, treatment and monitoring of sleep disorders, stress monitoring, speech therapy, general health tracking, dietary regimens’ tracking, physiotherapy, post-stroke rehabilitation, awareness and alertness tracking, controlling portable computing devices, and in controlling gaming consoles, (Ixv) in the monitoring of at least one of wellness applications: eating habits monitoring, eating quality analysis, sleep monitoring, and sleep quality analysis, and (Ixvi) in the monitoring of at least one of the following applications: speech recognition application, facial expression recognition, remote control and video gaming.

[0089] Although the foregoing disclosure has been described in terms of some exemplary implementations, other exemplary implementations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the disclosure herein. Moreover, the described exemplary implementations have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel methods, programs, devices and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms without departing from the spirit thereof. Accordingly, other combinations, omissions, substitutions and modifications will be apparent to the skilled artisan in view of the disclosure herein.

Claims

What is claimed:

1. A computerized system for treating mood disorder in a subject in need thereof, the system comprising: a. a plurality of electrodes, sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined location configured to induce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the predetermined facial muscles in the subject; b. a stimulator; c. a programmable sensor; and d. at least one processor, in communication with the plurality of electrodes, the stimulator, and the programmable sensor, the processor further being in communication with a non- transitory memory device, storing thereon a processor-readable media with a set of executable instructions configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: i. using the programmable sensor, receive a triggering signal; and ii. using the stimulator, activate at least one electrode pair configured to induce FES in the subject.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of electrodes are operable to induce Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and / or Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) configured to affect the FES of the predetermined facial muscles.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the FES is configured to trigger at least a partial Duchenne smile.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the predetermined facial muscle to which FES is applied to a combination of two orbicularis oculi muscles, and two zygomatic major muscles, each predetermined facial muscle being stimulated through a corresponding plurality of electrodes.5 The system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of electrodes are operable to deliver pulsed electric signal using a plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses.6 The system of claim 4, wherein the plurality of electrodes configured to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles are positioned with a lower electrode in each plurality of electrodes disposed above the subject’s lip line, and an upper electrode in each plurality of electrode pair disposed between about 0.1 cm. and about 5 cm. above the lower electrode, along the zygomatic major muscle.7 The system of claim 4, wherein the plurality of electrodes configured to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles arc positioned with an electrode in each plurality of electrodes disposed closer to the lips, and an electrode in each plurality of electrodes disposed between about 0.1 cm. and about 5 cm. away from the lip area.8 The system of claim 6 or 7, wherein the lower electrode in each plurality of electrodes is positive electrode, and the upper electrode in each plurality of electrodes is a negative electrode.9 The system of claim 8, wherein each electrode pair operable to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles using monophasic pulses, earned out such that an unidirectional electrical current is configured to flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.10 The system of claim 8, wherein the electrical field created by the activated stimulation is positive near the lip area.11 The system of claim 8, wherein the electrical field created by the activated stimulation is positive near’ in the lower electrode.12 The system of claim 5, wherein the biphasic pulses are symmetric.13 The system of claim 5, wherein the biphasic pulses are non-symmetric.14 The system of claim 5, wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having less than 150 volts.15 The system of claim 5, wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having a potential of between 1.5 volts (V) and 180V.16 The system of claim 5, wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having a current amplitude of between 5 milliamp (mA) and 30 mA.17 The system of claim 5, wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having a pulse duration of between 100 ps and 100ms.18 The system of claim 5, wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having a frequency of between 30 Hz and 200 Hz.19 The system of claim 5, wherein the monophasic pulse has a Gaussian waveform, triangular waveform, a square waveform, or a combination thereof.20 The system of claim 5, wherein the biphasic pulse has a sinusoidal waveform, a triangular waveform, a symmetric square waveform, a modulated waveform, a saw-tooth wave form or a biphasic wave form comprising one or more of the foregoing.21 The system of claim 1 , wherein the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned on the subject’s mandible mental protuberance.22 The system of claim 1, wherein the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned in the subject’s external acoustic meatus.23 The system of claim 21, or 22 wherein the programmable sensor is operable to detect a facial muscle contraction; and communicate the facial muscle contraction to the at least one processor.24 The system 23, wherein the set of executable instructions are further configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: a) analyze the facial muscle contraction; b) correlate the facial muscle contraction with a predetermined FES pattern; and c) using the plurality of electrode pairs, affect the predetermined EFS pattern.25 The system of Claim 1, comprising between 2 and 20 electrode pairs.26 A method of treating a mood disorder in a subject in need thereof, implemented in a system comprising: a plurality of electrodes, each electrode operable to stimulate a predetermined facial set of muscles, the plurality of electrode sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined location configured to induce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of a predetermined facial muscles in the subject; a stimulator; a programmable sensor; and at least one processor, in communication with the plurality of electrodes, the stimulator, and the programmable sensor, the processor further being in communication with a non-transitory memory device, storing thereon a processor-readable media with a set of executable instructions configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: using the programmable sensor, receive a triggering signal; and using the stimulator, activate at least one electrode pair configured to induce FES in the subject, the method comprising: a) using the programmable sensor, receiving a trigger signal associated with the mood disorder; and b) using the stimulator, inducing a FES pattern configured to treat the mood disorder.27 The method of claim 26, wherein the plurality of electrodes are operable to induce Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and or Electrical muscle stimulation configured to affect the FES of the predetermined facial muscle.28 The method of claim 24, wherein the FES is configured to trigger at least a partial Duchenne smile.29 The method of claim 27, wherein the predetermined facial muscle to which FES is applied to two orbicularis oculi muscles, and two zygomatic major muscle, each predetermined facial muscle being stimulated through a corresponding plurality of electrode pairs.30 The method of claim 29, wherein the plurality of electrodes are operable to deliver pulsed electric signal using a plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses.31 The method of claim 30, the plurality of electrodes configured to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles are positioned with a lower electrode in each plurality of electrode pair disposed above the subject’s lip line, and an upper electrode in each plurality of electrode pair disposed between about 0.1 cm. and about 5 cm. above the lower electrode, along the zygomatic major muscle.32 The method of claim 31, wherein the plurality of electrodes configured to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles are positioned with an electrode in each plurality of electrodes disposed closer to the lips, and an electrode in each plurality of electrodes disposed between about 0.1 cm. and about 5 cm. away from the lip area.33 The method of claim 31 or 32, wherein the lower electrode in each plurality of electrodes is positive electrode, and the upper electrode in each plurality of electrodes is a negative electrode34 The method of claim 29, wherein each electrode pair operable to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles using monophasic pulses, carried out such that an unidirectional electrical current is configured to flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.35 The method of claim 33, wherein each electrode pair operable to stimulate the zygomatic major muscles using monophasic pulses, carried out such that an unidirectional electrical current is configured to flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.36 The method of claim 33, wherein the electrical field created by the activated stimulation is positive near’ in the lower electrode.37 The method of claim 30, wherein the biphasic pulses are symmetric38 The method of claim 30, wherein the biphasic pulses are non- symmetric.39 The method of claim 30, wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having less than 80 volts.40 The method of claim 30, wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having a potential of between 1.5 volts (V) and 150V.41 The method of claim 30, wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having a current amplitude of between 5 milliamp (mA) and 30 mA.42 The method of claim 30, wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having a pulse duration of between 100 ps and 100ms.43 The method of claim 30, wherein the plurality of biphasic and / or monophasic pulses are generated having a frequency of between 30 Hz and 200 Hz.44 The method of claim 30, wherein the monophasic pulse has a triangular waveform, a square waveform, or a combination thereof.45 The method of claim 30, wherein the biphasic pulse has a sinusoidal waveform, a triangular waveform, or a combination thereof.46 The method of claim 26, wherein the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned on the subject’s mandible mental protuberance.47 The method of claim 26, wherein the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned in the subject’s external acoustic meatus.48 The method of claim 26, wherein the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned on the subject’s neck or behind the ear.49 The method of claim 47, or 48 wherein the programmable sensor is operable to detect a facial muscle contraction; and communicate the facial muscle contraction to the at least one processor.50 The method of claim 47, wherein the set of executable instructions are further configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: a. analyze the facial muscle contraction; b. correlate the facial muscle contraction with a predetermined FES pattern; and c. using the plurality of electrode pairs, affect the predetermined EFS pattern.51 The method of claim 26, wherein the system comprises between 2 and 20 electrodes.52 The method of claim 51, further comprising actuating a portion of the electrode pairs configured to minimize the stimulation of muscles other than those directly affecting the FES pattern.53 A method of positioning a plurality of electrode pairs on a face of a subject, each electrode pair operable to stimulate a predetermined facial muscle, the plurality of electrode pairs is sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a subject’s face at a predetermined location configured toinduce a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the predetermined facial muscles in the subject, the method, implemented in a system comprising: the plurality of electrode pairs, a programmable sensor, an imaging module, and a central processing module (CPM) in communication with the plurality of electrode pairs, the programmable sensor, and the imaging module, the method comprising: a) manually attaching a first half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a first estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a first halfpair electrode of a second electrode pair along a first estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; b) manually attaching a second half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a first estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a second half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a first estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; c) using the CPM, causing the first and second electrode pairs to affect FES of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the zygomatic major muscle; d) using the imaging module, capturing an image of a first resulting facial expression; manually attaching a first half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a second estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a first half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a second estimated position in a first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; e) manually attaching a second half-pair electrode of a first electrode pair along a second estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and a second half-pair electrode of a second electrode pair along a second estimated position in a second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle; f) using the CPM, causing the first and second electrode pairs to affect FES of the orbicularis oculi muscle, and the zygomatic major muscle; g) using the imaging module, capturing an image of a second resulting facial expression; h) analyzing the first image and the second image; i) determining at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, at least one position in the second facial side along the subject’sorbicularis oculi muscle, at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each half-pair electrode position configured to cause an EFS pattern to affect a predetermined facial expression; and j) optionally, rendering each of the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, on a captured image of the subject face.54 The method of claim 53, wherein the first estimated position for manually attaching the first half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and the first estimated position for manually attaching the first half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair in the second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle is each above a lip line of the subject.55 The method of claim 54, wherein the second estimated position for manually attaching the second half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and the second estimated position for manually attaching the second halfpair electrode of the second electrode pair in the second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle is each between about 1 cm. and about 5 cm. above the corresponding first half pair electrode, along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle of the subject.56 The method of claim 53, wherein the predetermined facial expression is at least a partial Duchenne smile.57 The method of claim 53, wherein the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned on the subject’s mandible mental protuberance.58 The method of claim 53, wherein the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned in the subject’s external acoustic meatus.59 The method of claim 57, or 58 wherein the programmable sensor is operable to detect a facial muscle contraction; and communicate the facial muscle contraction to the CPM.60 The method of claim 59, whereby the step of capturing the image of the first resulting facial expression, and the step of capturing the image of the second resulting facial expression, are each preceded, followed, or performed simultaneously with a step of:a) using the programmable sensor, detecting the facial muscles position; b) communicating the facial muscles position to the CPM; and c) using the CPM, correlating the facial muscle contraction with the first, and second captured image respectively.61 The method of claim 60, wherein the step of manually attaching the first half-pair electrode of the first electrode pair along the first estimated position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and the first half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair along the first estimated position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, is preceded by: a) instructing the subject to make a predetermined set of a plurality of facial expressions; b) using the imaging module, capturing an image of each of the set of the plurality of facial expressions; c) using the programmable sensor, detecting the facial muscles position; d) communicating the facial muscles position to the CPM; e) using the CPM, correlating the facial muscle contraction with each of the captured images of each of the plurality of facial expressions.62 The method of claim 61, wherein the step of determining the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the second facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, and the at least one position in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, wherein each half-pair electrode position configured to cause an EFS pattern to affect the predetermined facial expression, further comprises: a) comparing the image of the first resulting facial expression, and the image of the second resulting facial expression with each of the set of the plurality of facial expressions images captured in response to the step of instructing the subject to make the predetermined set of a plurality of facial expressions; and b) positioning the at least one first half-pair electrode of the first electrode pair in the first facial side along the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one first half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair in the first facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, the at least one second half-pair electrode of the first electrode pair in the second facial side along the subject’sorbicularis oculi muscle, the at least one second half-pair electrode of the second electrode pair in the second facial side along the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, in a position configured to emulate the muscle position associated with the image of the predetermined facial expression.63 A method of affecting a predetermined facial expression in a subject in need thereof, induced by a functional electrical stimulation (FES) of predetermined facial muscles, the method, implemented in a system comprising: a first array of a plurality of electrodes, a second array of a plurality of electrode, each of the plurality of electrodes in the second array being associated with a corresponding electrode in the first array, a programmable sensor, an imaging module, and a central processing module (CPM) in communication with the first array, the second array, the programmable sensor, and the imaging module, the method comprising: a) manually attaching the first array of the plurality of electrode on a first side of the subject’s face, the first array sized, shaped and configured to affect FES of the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each on the first side of the subject’s face; b) manually attaching the second array of the plurality of electrode on a second side of the subject’s face, the first array sized, shaped and configured to affect FES of the subject’s orbicularis oculi muscle, and the subject’s zygomatic major muscle, each on the second side of the subject’s face; c) using the CPM, affecting a multi-polar stimulation of a predetermined combination of electrodes in the first array and the second array; d) using the imaging module, capturing a stream of images of the resulting facial expressions; e) analyzing the stream of images; f) determining an electrode combination in the first array, and an electrode combination in the second array configured to cause a resulting EFS pattern to affect the predetermined facial expression.64 The method of claim 63, wherein the predetermined facial expression is at least a partial Duchenne smile.65 The method of claim 63, wherein the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned on the subject’s mandible mental protuberance.66 The method of claim 63, wherein the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned in the subject’s external acoustic meatus.67 The method of claim 63, wherein the programmable sensor is shaped, sized and adapted to be positioned in the subject’s neck or behind the car.68 The method of claim 66, or 67 wherein the programmable sensor is operable to detect a facial muscle contraction; and communicate the facial muscle contraction to the CPM.69 The method of claim 68, whereby the step of capturing the stream of images of the resulting facial expressions is preceded, followed, or performed simultaneously with a step of: a) using the programmable sensor, detecting the facial muscles position; b) communicating the facial muscles position to the CPM; c) using the CPM, correlating the facial muscle contractions with the captured image stream.70 The method of claim 69, wherein the step of manually attaching the first array of the plurality of electrode on a first side of the subject’s face is preceded by: a) instructing the subject to make a predetermined set of a plurality of facial expressions; b) using the imaging module, capturing an image of each of the set of the plurality of facial expressions; c) using the programmable sensor, detecting the facial muscles position; d) communicating the facial muscles position to the CPM; e) using the CPM, correlating the facial muscle contraction with each of the captured images of each of the plurality of facial expressions.71 The method of claim 70, further comprising: comparing the stream of images of the resulting facial expressions with each of the set of the plurality of facial expressions images captured in response to the step of instructing the subject to make the predetermined set of a plurality of facial expressions.72 The method of claim 71, wherein the electrode combination of the first array, and the electrode combination of the second array is configured to cause the resulting EFS pattern to affect the facial expression most closely correlated with an image captured from the set of the plurality of facial expressions made by the subject in response to the step of instructing.73 Use of a computerized system for recognition of muscles motion in a subject, using indirect sensing, the system comprising: a. a plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes sized, adapted and configured to be attached to a predetermined location on a subject configured to provide a signal upon motion of atleastone muscles, the plurality of electrodes forming one or a combination of a force sensors array, a vibration sensors array, a mechanical sensors array or a light sensors array; and b. at least one processor, in communication with the plurality of electrodes, the processor further being in communication with a non-transitory memory device, storing thereon a processor- readable media with a set of executable instructions configured, when executed by the at least one processor to: using the plurality of electrodes, detecting a motion of at least one muscle.74 The use of claim 67 wherein at least one of the plurality of electrode is attached on a face of the subject.75 The system of claim 74, wherein the set of executable instructions is further configured, when executed, to determine at least one facial expression corresponding to at least one muscle motion.76 The use of claim 75, wherein the sensors array is implemented within a headphone.77 The use of claim 75, wherein the sensors array is implemented within a Sticker78 The use of claim 75, for the monitoring of at least one of: behavioral application, epilepsy application, parkinson application, depression treatment, anxiety treatment, treatment and monitoring of sleep disorders, stress monitoring, speech therapy, smile tracking, general health tracking, dietary regimens’ tracking, physiotherapy, post-stroke rehabilitation, awareness and alertness tracking, controlling portable computing devices, and in controlling gaming consoles.79 Use of the system of claim 78, in the monitoring of at least one of wellness applications: eating habits monitoring, eating quality analysis, sleep monitoring, and sleep quality analysis.80 Use of the system of claim 78, in the monitoring of at least one of the following applications: speech recognition application, facial expression recognition, remote control and video gaming.81 The system of claim 1, wherein the programmable sensor is further operable to receive physiological feedback.82 The system of claim 81, wherein the physiological feedback is: a heartbeat (hb), a body temperature, a blood saturation level, a bioimpdance signal, or a physiological feedback data comprising one or more of the foregoing.83 The system of claim 2, wherein the plurality of electrodes are operable to induce the TENS and / or EMS configured to affect the FES at a frequency synchronized with a predetermined breathing rate.84 The system of claim 83, wherein the predetermined breathing rate is associated with a relaxed state of the subject.

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