Method and mechanical device for the joint movement of pistons in a two-piston engine

Abstract

A method for joint movement consists in that pistons are moved along guides disposed in the same plane on the same vertical straight line and are caused to move jointly in the same direction at different variable speeds such that as the pistons move in one or the other direction, the upper piston moves at a higher speed than the lower piston, resulting in an increase in the working volume between the pistons as they move jointly in one direction (upwards), or a decrease in the working volume between the pistons as they move jointly in the opposite direction (downwards). A mechanical device for implementing this method is provided in the form of two kinematically connected mechanisms mounted one inside the other, an internal mechanism and an external mechanism, each containing two symmetrically mounted three-hinged rods.

Description

[0001] Method and mechanical device for the joint movement of pistons in a two-piston engine

[0002] The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to lever mechanisms of heat engines and can find application in various machines for driving rotating working bodies.

[0003] A method of joint movement of pistons in a V-shaped engine is known, in which both pistons move together along different planes along intersecting guides in opposite directions: when one piston goes up, the other piston moves down (A.F. Krainev. Mechanics of machines. Fundamental dictionary / / M.: Mechanical engineering. - 2020, p. 440, diagrams (a) and (b)) - analogue.

[0004] The disadvantage of the known method is the movement of the pistons in intersecting directions in opposite directions, leading to a discrepancy between the thermodynamic cycle of the engine and the ideal Carnot cycle of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation of the driven cranks, which leads to low engine efficiency.

[0005] The closest in technical essence to the achieved effect is the method of joint movement of pistons in a two-piston opposed engine, which consists in the fact that both pistons are simultaneously moved along different rectilinear guides located in parallel planes and set to them a counter movement with the same speed for both pistons (I. I. Artobolevsky. Mechanisms in modern technology. Vol. 2. Rocker-lever and crank-slider mechanisms. Moscow: Nauka. - 1979 - p. 487, diagram 1496) prototype.

[0006] The disadvantages of this method of piston movement in an opposed engine are the lack of the ability to regulate the thermodynamic cycle when both pistons move at the same speed to bring it closer to the ideal Carnot cycle with the highest efficiency (Kuchling H., Handbook of Physics. / / Moscow: Mir. - 1982 - pp. 185-187).

[0007] Other disadvantages of the said prototype in the form of a mechanical device for the joint movement of pistons in a two-piston opposed engine, made in the form of a double crank mechanism located in different planes, are the complexity of the design and the large spatial dimensions of the engine.

[0008] The invention is based on the technical problem of simplifying the design of the engine, reducing its dimensions and increasing the efficiency of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation of the cranks.

[0009] The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of joint movement of pistons in a two-piston engine, the said pistons are moved along guides located in one plane on one vertical straight line and impart to them joint movement in the same direction for both pistons with unequal variable speeds in such a way that when moving the said pistons both in one direction and in the other, the upper piston is moved at a higher speed than the lower piston to ensure an increase in the working volume between these pistons during their joint movement in one direction or a decrease in the working volume between these pistons during their joint opposite movement in the other direction.

[0010] With regard to the mechanical device for the joint movement of pistons, implementing the method specified in the invention, this mechanical device is made in the form of two mechanisms installed one inside the other and kinematically connected to each other, containing two three-hinged connecting rods of the same length, installed symmetrically to the vertical guide of both pistons for the kinematic connection of the lower and upper pistons with the driven cranks through cylindrical hinges made with axes of rotation parallel to each other.

[0011] The essence of the invention is explained by the drawing in Fig. 1.

[0012] Fig. 1 shows a general view of a mechanical device that implements the proposed method of joint movement of pistons in a two-piston engine, in which, during their joint movement in one direction, one of them moves at a higher speed compared to the speed of the other piston.

[0013] The specified mechanical device for the joint movement of the upper 1 and lower 2 pistons with rods contains a closed kinematic chain of lever links 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, pivotally connected to each other and to the rods of both coaxially located upper 1 and lower 2 pistons, as well as to both driven cranks 11 and 12 with rotation axes Su and SD • This mechanical device is made in the form of two external mechanisms GCPDL and internal mechanisms MEPFN installed one inside the other and kinematically connected to each other, where the external mechanism GCPDL contains two three-hinged connecting rods ACG and BDL of the same length (AG=BL), and the internal mechanism MEPFN also contains two other three-hinged connecting rods CEP and PFD also of the same length (CP=PD), which are installed symmetrically by a vertical guide in the form of a straight line O3O4.Connecting rods ACG, BDL and CEP, PFD kinematically connect the rod of the lower piston 2 and the rod of the upper piston 1 with the driven cranks 11 and 12, as well as the internal MEPFN and external GCPDL mechanisms to each other through cylindrical joints A, C, G, L, D, B, E, M, T, N, F and P, made with parallel axes of rotation, which, together with pistons 1 and 2, are installed on one side of the driven cranks 11 and 12.

[0014] The proposed mechanical device, which implements the claimed method of joint movement of pistons in a two-piston engine, operates as follows.

[0015] When the upper piston 1 moves in the plane along a vertical straight line 0304 with a higher speed ' than the movement of the lower piston 2 with a lower speed V2 in one direction (for example, upwards) the required increase in the working volume between pistons 1 and 2 occurs, and with their joint movement in the other direction (for example, downwards along the straight line O3O4), on the contrary, the required decrease in the working volume between pistons 1 and 2 occurs, which ensures the approximation of the thermodynamic cycle of the engine to the ideal Carnot cycle and leads to an increase in the efficiency of the thermal two-piston engine (Kuhling X., Handbook of Physics. / / M.: Mir. - 1982 - pp. 185-187).

[0016] The positive effect achieved in the proposed invention is as follows:

[0017] 1) Simplification of the design and assembly process of the proposed mechanical device for the joint movement of both pistons by arranging all the lever links and guides of these pistons in one plane and by making all the hinge joints of the chain with parallel axes of rotation.

[0018] 2) Reduction of the spatial dimensions of a thermal two-piston engine due to the location of both pistons and both mechanisms on the same side of the driven cranks.

[0019] 3) An increase in the efficiency of the process of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy of rotation of the driven cranks in this two-piston engine (and, consequently, the possibility of increasing the output power of the heat engine) is achieved by implementing a method of joint movement of both pistons, in which, during the movement of the upper piston at a higher speed, U1 > U2 > the required (according to the Carnot cycle according to the graph in the book by Kuchling H., Handbook of Physics. / / M.: Mir. - 1982 - p. 185) increase in the working volume between pistons 1 and 2 occurs during their joint upward movement, and then during the joint movement of both pistons with V > V2 in the opposite direction (i.e. downwards) - the required decrease in the working volume between these coaxially installed pistons 1 and 2 occurs according to the Carnot cycle.

Claims

Invention formula 1. A method for the joint movement of pistons in a two-piston engine, which consists in the fact that the reciprocating motion of the pistons along guides is converted into the rotational motion of the driven cranks, characterized in that the pistons are moved along guides located in the same plane on the same vertical straight line and impart to them a joint movement in the same direction for both pistons with unequal variable speeds in such a way that when the said pistons are moved both in one direction and in the other, the upper piston is moved at a higher speed than the lower piston to ensure an increase in the working volume between these pistons during their joint movement in one direction or a decrease in the working volume between these pistons during their joint opposite movement in the other direction.

2. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that in the process of joint movement of both pistons along the guide in one direction, the ratio of the speeds of their movement is changed, for example, from a minimum at the beginning of their movement to a maximum in the middle of this movement. A mechanical device for the joint movement of pistons in a two-piston engine, containing a closed kinematic chain of lever links pistons that are connected to each other and to the rods of both coaxially located pistons, characterized in that the mechanical device is made in the form of two pistons installed one inside the other kinematically 6 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) interconnected external and internal mechanisms, containing two three-hinged connecting rods of the same length, installed symmetrically vertically on the guide of both pistons for the kinematic connection of the lower and upper pistons with driven cranks through cylindrical hinges made with axes of rotation parallel to each other, and when moving the pistons in either direction, the upper piston moves at a higher speed than the lower piston.

4. A mechanical device according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the outer and inner mechanisms, together with the lower and upper pistons, are installed on one side of the driven cranks. 7 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Images