Treatment of delirium, altered arousal states, inattention and consequences using attention awareness through movement technique

Abstract

A method for treating delirium, comprising: performing a first set of actions for optimizing environment and enhancing sensory experience of a person experiencing the delirium; providing a set of commands to the person for enabling the person to perform corresponding second set of actions; eliciting an outcome corresponding to at least one of, the second set of actions performed by the person in response to the corresponding set of commands by using an Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique; and performing a set of activities by a healthcare professional based on the elicited outcome for the corresponding set of commands.

Description

TREATMENT OF DELIRIUM, ALTERED AROUSAL STATES, INATTENTION AND CONSEQUENCES USING ATTENTION AWARENESS THROUGH MOVEMENT TECHNIQUECROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims benefit and priority to US Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 472,405, filed on June 12, 2023, entitled, “METHOD FOR TREATING DELIRIUM, INATTENTION AND CONSEQUENCES USING ATTENTION AWARENESS THROUGH MOVEMENT (AATM) TECHNIQUE” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD

[0002] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a treatment of a neuropsychiatric disorder and particularly to a method for treating delirium, altered arousal states, inattention and consequences using Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique. It is hypothesized that the AATM may alter a function of one or more of brains major arousal systems, particularly an Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS). The ARAS consists of a network of neurons, located in an area of the brainstem. Sensory tracks in this area such as vision, hearing, pain, touch and temperature converge. It is purported that a function of the ARAS, in conjunction with the thalamus, is to process these impulses, filter out less relevant stimuli, and allow an overriding impulse to pass through to a cortex of the brain. It has been suggested that there is dysregulation of neuronal activity in the ARAS in the delirium. This disclosure proposes that an intervention could work by stimulating a vestibular system, as well as sensory and motor neurons in the ARAS in a sustained manner, which could lead to possible, temporary regulation of neuronal activity in this system.BACKGROUND

[0003] Delirium is a condition where the brain experiences sudden dysfunction due to the presence of a new physiological stressor. This complex syndrome poses significant risks to neurologic health, as it is independently associated with higher rates of morbidity and mortality, predictive of long-term cognitive dysfunction, and imposes substantial costs on organizations. Extensive data reveals that delirium is common, affecting around 30% of general inpatients and up to 80% of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Cost of delirium to hospitals varies significantly, with an estimated range of $16,303 to $64,421 per delirious patient per year in total healthcare expenses. These costs can be primarily attributed to various factors such as, higher rates of hospital complications, prolonged hospital stays, increased re-hospitalization rates, and extended stays in post-acute rehabilitation facilities. Consequently, an overall impact of delirium on a national healthcare system amounts to a substantial burden, estimated to range from $38 billionto $152 billion annually. Moreover, the patients diagnosed with delirium face a heightened susceptibility to long-term cognitive impairment. Extensive research has demonstrated a correlation between prolonged period of uninterrupted delirium and poorer overall cognitive function, including executive functioning. Notably, persistent deficits have been observed in both older and younger patients. A study investigating this phenomenon revealed that 66% of individuals aged 18 and above who experienced uninterrupted delirium during their hospitalization exhibited cognitive scores after 12 months ranging from those typically associated with moderate traumatic brain injury to mild Alzheimer's disease.

[0004] Postpartum delirium is a phenomenon experienced by some mothers after giving birth. It manifests as difficulties in concentration, discerning reality, and acquiring new information, often accompanied by inattention and a diminished sense of self-awareness and awareness of their surrounding environment. Consequently, a normal process of mother-baby bonding is significantly affected. The reduced bonding and attachment, combined with challenges of sleep deprivation and decreased attentiveness, can contribute to a development of postpartum depression. It is important to note that postpartum depression is recognized as the foremost complication arising from childbirth in some parts of the world such as the United States of America.

[0005] Delirium not only causes significant emotional distress to the patients, families, and caregivers, but it also leaves lasting traumatic effects. The patients who have vivid memories of their delirium often describe it as a nightmarish experience, stating that they would not wish it upon anyone, and it can lead to development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) that persists for years. For families, it can be terrifying to witness their loved ones in a state where they are unable to respond appropriately and may even display combative and aggressive behaviors.

[0006] Nurses and other healthcare providers also face an increased care burden when attending to delirious patients. Providing care for these individuals requires additional time and resources, as many of them struggle with even the most basic tasks such as eating, drinking, and using a bathroom. Patients experiencing delirium often have a reduced awareness of their bodily functions, making it challenging for them to communicate pain, a need to urinate, or manage their own saliva. Additionally, delirious patients may exhibit aggression towards both their family members and healthcare staff, adding to the complexity of providing care in these situations.

[0007] Patients experiencing delirium are at a heightened risk of falls, aspiration, and other injuries, both to themselves and others. Their diminished awareness and confusion can result in accidental dislodgement of lines, tubes, and drains, which are vital for their care. In severe cases,the use of antipsychotic medications and restraints may be necessary to ensure delivery of lifesaving interventions and maintain the safety of the patient and those around them.

[0008] Delirium frequently occurs in patients during end-of-life processes, impairing their ability to effectively communicate with their loved ones and express their final thoughts, wishes, and farewells. This can be a significant challenge for both the patients and their families, as it hinders the opportunity for meaningful interaction and closure during this important time.

[0009] Emerging research has established a significant association between delirium and the development of dementia. These studies suggest that delirium may contribute to up to 10% of all dementia cases globally, thereby amplifying the burden on healthcare systems and significantly affecting individuals’ quality of life. Considering these findings, it becomes increasingly urgent for society and communities to prioritize a prevention of dementia and a preservation of cognitive function as a crucial objective.

[0010] Further, various medications have been used to manage delirium, such as antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, and cholinesterase inhibitors. These medications aim to address underlying causes, manage symptoms, and promote stabilization. However, these medications can have a range of side effects, including sedation, confusion, dizziness, blurred vision, gastrointestinal disturbances, and increased risk of falls. Elderly individuals, who are more prone to delirium, are particularly vulnerable to these side effects. Moreover, some individuals might experience adverse reactions from these medications, such as increased agitation or worsening confusion. Such reactions can further complicate the management of delirium.

[0011] Further, various non-pharmacological treatments, such as optimizing daily routines, addressing vision and hearing impairments, and promoting patient mobility, can effectively reduce an occurrence of delirium. However, once the patient develops delirium, these standard treatments have limited impact. Moreover, effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments for delirium management can vary among individuals. Different people may respond differently to these treatments, and there is no guarantee that every individual will experience significant improvements in delirium symptoms.

[0012] There is thus a need for the development of a safe and effective treatment that is specifically designed for the delirium phenotype on a global scale for overcoming the aforementioned issues more efficiently.SUMMARY

[0013] Embodiments in accordance with this disclosure provide a method for treating delirium. The method comprising: performing a first set of actions for optimizing environment and enhancing sensory experience of a person experiencing the delirium; providing a set of commandsto the person for enabling the person to perform corresponding second set of actions; eliciting an outcome corresponding to at least one of, the second set of actions performed by the person in response to the corresponding set of commands by using an Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique; and performing a set of activities by a healthcare professional based on the elicited outcome for the corresponding set of commands.

[0014] Embodiments in accordance with this disclosure further provide a method for treating delirium. The method comprising: performing a first set of actions for optimizing environment and enhancing sensory experience of a person experiencing the delirium; providing a set of commands to the person for enabling the person to perform corresponding second set of actions; eliciting an outcome corresponding to at least one of, the second set of actions performed by the person in response to the corresponding set of commands by using an Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique; performing a set of activities by a healthcare professional based on the elicited outcome for the corresponding set of commands; and selecting a specific range of movement and / or one or more physical activities for the person based on a condition, and cognitive and physical abilities of the person.

[0015] Embodiments in accordance with this disclosure further provide a method for treating delirium. The method comprising: performing a first set of actions for optimizing environment and enhancing sensory experience of a person experiencing delirium; providing a set of commands to the person for enabling the person to perform corresponding second set of actions; eliciting an outcome corresponding to at least one of, the second set of actions performed by the person in response to the corresponding set of commands by using an Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique; performing a set of activities by a healthcare professional based on the elicited outcome for the corresponding set of commands; and encouraging the person to perform attentive activities.

[0016] Embodiments of this disclosure may provide a number of advantages depending on its particular configuration. First, embodiments of the present application may provide a method that may focus on improving attention, awareness, and cognitive function through increased, sustained, sensory stimuli and movement-based exercises.

[0017] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method that may treat individuals experiencing delirium, a state of acute confusion often seen in hospitalized patients, as well as individuals with brain stem dysfunction, altered arousal states, inattention or attention deficit disorders.

[0018] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method that may offer structured involvement of specific cranial nerves and trigger activation in one or more key arousalsystems within the brain.

[0019] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method that may activate the reticular activating system and thalamus by providing prolonged stimulation to sensory and motor neurons.

[0020] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method to treat delirium and its sequelae by normalizing arousal levels, increasing attention and overall awareness in patient’s delirium as part of a delirium management program at hospitals, in acute rehab facilities, nursing care facilities, and at home.

[0021] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method to treat delirium that increases end of life communication and decreased anxiety at end of life.

[0022] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method to treat delirium that decreases inpatient complications.

[0023] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method that mitigates emotional distress.

[0024] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method that prevents and / or treats complications arising from Parkinson’s disease by stimulating sensory and motor neurons to increase attention and awareness of self and surrounding environment.

[0025] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method that treats and interrupts a Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) episode, thereby decreasing anxiety.

[0026] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method that treats an anxiety episode, thereby improving quality of life.

[0027] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method that treats a depressive episode by focusing attention and awareness to the physical body.

[0028] Next, embodiments for the present application may provide a method that treats a catatonic episode by normalizing arousal levels, increasing attention and awareness of self and surrounding environment in patients in a catatonic state.

[0029] Next, embodiments for the present application may provide a method that treats dementia by stimulating sensory and motor impulses to increase attention and awareness of self and surrounding environment.

[0030] Next, embodiments for the present application may provide a method that treats attention deficit disorder / attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by normalizing sensory and motor impulses to increase attention to oneself and surrounding environment.

[0031] Next, embodiments for the present application may provide a method that treats decreased arousal and inattention in persons from various causes, including but not limited to, working off-shift, night shifts (perform intervention prior to driving home may increase the likelihood of safe arrival), at work or at home when there has been a lack of sleep at night (perform the intervention at work to increase attention and increase arousal, when person is otherwise inattentive / sleepy).

[0032] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method that prevents postpartum depression, dementia, and provides long-term cognitive function.

[0033] Next, embodiments of the present application may provide a method to treat traumatic brain injury and its sequelae by normalizing arousal levels, increasing attention and overall awareness in patient’s delirium as part of a delirium management program at hospitals, in acute rehab facilities, nursing care facilities, and at home.

[0034] These and other advantages will be apparent from the present application of the embodiments described herein.

[0035] The preceding is a simplified summary to provide an understanding of some embodiments of the present disclosure. This summary is neither an extensive nor exhaustive overview of the invention and its various embodiments. The summary presents selected concepts of the embodiments of this disclosure in a simplified form as an introduction to the more detailed description presented below. As will be appreciated, other embodiments are possible utilizing, alone or in combination, one or more of the features set forth above or described in detail below.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] The above and still further features and advantages of embodiments of this disclosure will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of embodiments thereof, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and wherein:

[0037] FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of a clinical process for treating delirium, altered arousal states, inattention and consequences of the delirium by using an Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique, according to an embodiment;

[0038] FIG. IB illustrates a pictorial representation of a first set of actions for creating different environments to enhance beneficial stimuli, according to an embodiment;

[0039] FIG. 1C illustrates a pictorial representation of the first set of actions for removing or decreasing irrelevant stimuli, according to an embodiment;

[0040] FIG. ID illustrates a pictorial representation of encouraging awareness of a face of a person in a clinical setting, according to an embodiment;

[0041] FIG. 2A illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a first action of a second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0042] FIG. 2B illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a second action of the second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0043] FIG. 2C illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a third action of the second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0044] FIG. 2D illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a fourth action of the second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0045] FIG. 2E illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a fifth action of the second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0046] FIG. 2F illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a sixth action of the second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0047] FIG. 2G illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a seventh action of the second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0048] FIG. 2H illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing an eighth action of the second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0049] FIG. 21 illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a ninth action of the second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0050] FIG. 2J illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a tenth action of the second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0051] FIG. 2K illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing an eleventh action of the second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0052] FIG. 2L illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a twelfth action of the second set of actions, according to an embodiment;

[0053] FIG. 3A illustrates a pictorial representation of the person ambulating in a hallway, according to an embodiment;

[0054] FIG. 3B illustrates a pictorial representation of the person standing and marching in place, according to an embodiment;

[0055] FIG. 3C illustrates a pictorial representation of the person in a standing position, according to an embodiment;

[0056] FIG. 3D illustrates a pictorial representation of the person sitting and marching in place, according to an embodiment;

[0057] FIG. 3E illustrates a pictorial representation of the person sitting at an edge of a bed, according to an embodiment;

[0058] FIG. 3F illustrates a pictorial representation of an active Range of Motion (ROM) with holds, according to an embodiment;

[0059] FIG. 3G illustrates a pictorial representation of a passive Range of Motion (ROM) with holds, according to an embodiment;

[0060] FIG. 4 illustrates a pictorial representation of attentive activities, according to an embodiment;

[0061] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method for treating the delirium, altered arousal states, inattention and consequences of the delirium by using the Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique, according to an embodiment; and

[0062] FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate a flowchart of a method for evaluating an outcome of the second set of actions of the person for assisting the person in performing the second set of actions by using the Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique, according to an embodiment.

[0063] While embodiments are described herein by way of example using several illustrative drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize the invention is not limited to the embodiments or drawings described. It should be understood the drawings and the detailed description thereto are not intended to limit the invention to the particular form disclosed, but to the contrary, the invention is to cover all modification, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of embodiments of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

[0064] The headings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the description or the claims. As used throughout this application, the word "may" is used in a permissive sense (z.e., meaning having the potential to), rather than the mandatory sense (i.e. , meaning must). Similarly, the words “include”, “including”, and “includes” mean including but not limited to. To facilitate understanding, like reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate like elements common to the figures.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] Embodiments will be described below in conjunction with an exemplary method of treating delirium, altered arousal states, inattention and consequences of the delirium using Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique. Embodiments are not limited to any particular type of method of treating delirium, altered arousal states, inattention and consequences of the delirium using Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique. Those skilled in the art will recognize the disclosed techniques may be used in any method of treating delirium, altered arousal states, inattention and consequences of the delirium using Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique.

[0066] The phrases “at least one”, “one or more”, and “and / or” are open-ended expressions that are both conjunctive and disjunctive in operation. For example, each of the expressions “at least one of A, B and C”, “at least one of A, B, or C”, “one or more of A, B, and C”, “one or more of A, B, or C” and “A, B, and / or C” means A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and Ctogether, B and C together, or A, B and C together.

[0067] The term “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity. As such, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein. It is also to be noted that the terms “comprising”, “including”, and “having” can be used interchangeably.

[0068] FIG. 1 A illustrates a block diagram of a clinical process 100 for treating delirium, altered arousal states, inattention and consequences of the delirium by using an Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique 102 (hereinafter referred to as the AATM 102), according to an embodiment. According to embodiments, the AATM 102 may be a technique that engages one or more persons including, but not limited to, individuals experiencing the delirium, individuals with inattention, brain stem dysfunction, altered arousal states or attention deficit disorders in one or more specific movement exercises, individuals in homes or workplaces who have decreased attention and / or arousal from a variety of factors, and so forth. Embodiments are intended to include or otherwise cover any type of the persons experiencing a similar kind of disorders. In an embodiment, the AATM 102 may be utilized in an acute nursing facility, a skilled nursing facility, the homes, the workplaces, an outside building, and so forth for treating the persons.

[0069] In such embodiment, the AATM 102 may be designed to enhance attend onal control, increase self-awareness, decrease anxiety, and promote cognitive flexibility in the persons. In an embodiment, the AATM 102 may interrupt a delirious episode, which in turn may decrease the length and / or the severity of the delirium, reduce delirium burden, reduce inpatient complications such as falls and aspiration pneumonia, decrease length of stay, reduce re-admission rates, allow for some persons to return home versus going to a skilled nursing facility, improve cognitive outcomes and significantly reduce costs of care. Further, in an embodiment, the AATM 102 may offer a structured involvement of specific cranial nerves and trigger activation in one or more key arousal systems within the brain.

[0070] In an embodiment, prior to implementing the AATM 102 on the person, a first set of actions 104 may be performed to optimize an environment and sensory inputs by enhancing beneficial stimuli, removing or decreasing irrelevant stimuli, and encouraging awareness of face of the person in a clinical setting.

[0071] In an embodiment, upon performing the first set of actions 104, a set of commands 106a- 1061 (hereinafter collectively referred to as the commands 106 and individually referred to as the command 106) may be given to the person experiencing the delirium to evaluate cognitive and physical capabilities. Further, in an embodiment, the commands 106 may be given to the person for enabling the person to perform corresponding second set of actions (not shown).

[0072] In such embodiment, the commands 106 may closely follow a part of a standard “neurologic check” as it engages many of the same cranial nerves. While the standard neurologic check is done to determine a neurologic ability and elicit deficits of the person, this intervention is done with the intent of stimulating the vestibular system as well as sensory and motor neurons in an exaggerated and sustained manner to promote awareness of self and the surrounding environment. Further, the intervention may also allow the person to become attentive enough to fully perform the second set of actions which the persons are unable to perform due to delirium. In an embodiment, the second set of actions may be performed by the person in response to the commands 106 provided to the person.

[0073] In an embodiment, the commands 106 may be, but not limited to, “Open eyes, look at a healthcare professional, and blink twice”, “Move eyes and hold gaze to all 4 visual quadrants”, “Open mouth fully and close mouth”, “Stick out tongue as much as possible and move tongue fully back and forth”, “Turn head fully to left and hold, turn head fully to right and hold”, “Fully shrug shoulders up and down”, “Fully wiggle fingers and thumbs”, “Fully open and close hands”, “Fully lift both arms over head and hold”, “Fully wiggle toes”, “Dorsi / plantar flex feet fully”, and “Bend left knee up towards chest, grasping with both arms; bend right knee up towards chest, grasping with both arms and repeat for a first predefined amount of time”. In a preferred embodiment, the first predefined amount of time may be 3 seconds.

[0074] In an embodiment, an outcome 108 corresponding to at least one of, the second set of actions that may be performed by the person in response to the corresponding commands 106 may be elicited by using the AATM 102. In such embodiment, the outcome 108 may be one of, a successful elicitation of a desired response or failed to produce the desired response.

[0075] Further, in an embodiment, a set of activities may be performed by the healthcare professional based on the elicited outcome 108 for the corresponding commands 106. In such embodiment, the set of activities performed for the successful outcome of the corresponding commands 106 may be, but not limited to, “blink faster”; “close eyes tight for a first pre-defined amount of time”, “open eyes up wide - wider”, “hold gaze longer”, “open mouth wider” or “repeat several times”, “wiggle the tongue faster” or “wiggle the tongue slower” or “hold the tongue to the right or hold the tongue to the left”, “gently placing the hands on sides of the head of the person to provide the additional stretch”, “raise shoulders higher” or “repeat several times”, “wiggle fingers faster” or “wiggle fingers slower” or “wiggle thumbs only”, “open hands wider” or “make a fist and hold it” or “squeeze my hands and hold it” or “repeat several times”, “placing hands by the healthcare worker on the arms of the person and gently give the arms the slight extra stretch while holding the arms in the raised position for a second pre-defined amount of time”,“wiggle toes faster” or “wiggle toes slower” or “repeat several times”, “press on my hands harder like you are stepping on the gas” or “flex your foot up against my hands harder” or “repeat several times”, placing hands of the healthcare worker on the lower legs / knees of the person and gently give the legs a slight extra stretch while holding the legs in the bent position for the second predefined amount of time as well as additional commands such as “bend knee up more” or “repeat several times”.

[0076] Further, in an embodiment, the set of activities performed for the failure outcome of the corresponding commands 106 may be, but not limited to, “placing the warm washcloth on the eyes of the person”, “creating stimuli to attract the attention of the person to each visual quadrant”, “using the thumb to gently and carefully open the mouth of the person and gently close the mouth of the person”, “using the cold mouth swab to stimulate the attention of the person towards the mouth and the tongue”, “gently use the hands to turn the head of the person to the left and right and hold that position for the second pre-defined amount of time”, “gently but firmly grasp upper arms of the person and assist in raising the shoulders upward”, “taking an initiative to wiggle the fingers and thumb of the person”, “taking the initiative to slowly open and close the hands of the person, demonstrating the desired movement”, “placing hands on the arms of the person and gently give the arms the slight extra stretch while holding the arms in the raised position for the second pre-defined amount of time”, “taking the initiative to gently wiggle the toes of the person to demonstrate the desired movement”, “demonstrating the movement by gently dorsi-flexing his / her own feet (bringing the toes toward a body) and holding the position for the first pre-defined amount of time, followed by the plantar flexion (pointing the toes away from the body) and holding that position for the first predefined amount of time”, “gently grasping the left leg followed by the right leg of the person and assisting in bending the knee up towards the chest and encouraging the person to grasp the left knee and right knee respectively with both arms”.

[0077] Further, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may proceed to a next command of the commands 106, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome 108 as the successful desired response for the corresponding command 106 upon performing an activity of the set of activities for the corresponding command 106 for a predefined number of times.

[0078] Further, in an embodiment, a Movement to Capacity (MTC) 110 of the person may be selected based on a condition and capabilities of the person. As used herein, the term “Movement to Capacity (MTC)” 110 refers to a range of movement or physical activity options based on the condition and capabilities of the person. In such embodiment, the physical activity options may be, but not limited to, ambulating in a hallway 300a (as shown in FIG. 3A), ambulating short distances, standing and marching in place 300b (as shown in FIG. 3B), standing 300c (as shownin FIG. 3C), sitting and marching in place 300d (as shown in FIG. 3D), sitting at an edge of a bed 300e (as shown in FIG. 3E), active Range of Motion (ROM) with holds 300f (as shown in FIG. 3F), and passive Range of Motion (ROM) with holds 300g (as shown in FIG. 3G).

[0079] Further, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may encourage the person to perform attentive activities 112. The attentive activities 112 may be further described in detail in conjunction with FIG. 4.

[0080] FIG. IB illustrates a pictorial representation of the first set of actions 104 for creating different environments to enhance beneficial stimuli, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the environment may be created to enhance the beneficial stimuli and sensory experience of the person. In such embodiment, the environment may be created to adjust physical environment by performing the first set of actions 104 such as, but not limited to, turning on lights 104a, raising shades 104b of a window or a door, correcting any vision deficits 104c for example by using spectacles, correcting hearing impairments 104d that the person may have for example by using hearing aids, inserting dentures 104e, and speaking slightly louder and more clearly to ensure better communication with an inattentive person. Additionally, if possible, the person may be positioned in an upright sitting position, to promote orientation in space and normalized arousal levels, by engaging the vestibular system, in an embodiment. Further, if possible, the person may be brought outside a room to further enhance the beneficial stimuli.

[0081] FIG. 1C illustrates a pictorial representation of the first set of actions 104 for removing or decreasing the irrelevant stimuli, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, unnecessary sensory stimuli may be minimized or eliminated that may potentially distract or overwhelm the person, in an embodiment. In such embodiment, the sensory stimuli may be reduced by performing an additional first set of actions 104 such as, but not limited to, turning off a television or device 104f, discontinuing a use of certain medical devices such as Sequential Compression Devices (SCDs) 104g, removing automatic blood pressure cuffs 104h, silence bedside alarms, removing extra blankets 104i that may cause decreased arousal and attention or disorientation, removing mitts 104j , if able, asking family and other persons to not speak during the intervention so there is just one voice for the person to focus on and so forth. Embodiments are intended to include or otherwise cover any other type of the first set of actions 104 that may be beneficial to remove or decrease the irrelevant stimuli.

[0082] FIG. ID illustrates a pictorial representation of encouraging awareness of the face of the person in the clinical setting, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the person may be informed about placing a warm washcloth on the face 104k and performing a mouthcare 1041. In such embodiment, the warm washcloth may be placed on the face of the person to create a soothingsensation similar to being at a spa, traveling first class on an airplane, or visiting a barbershop. Further, the mouthcare may be performed to increase sensory awareness in a facial region of the person. Further, reassurance may be provided to the person that an experience is intended to be enjoyable and encourage the person to communicate any discomfort or concerns the person may have. Further, as an exemplary embodiment, the warm washcloth may be applied to forehead and cheeks of the person, and exerts gentle but firm pressure. The washcloth may be held over the forehead and cheeks in a sustained manner for at least 5 seconds, or longer, if possible, to help the person to focus sensations, attention and awareness of the face. This may be repeated several times if the person is inattentive.

[0083] FIG. 2A illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a first action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the first action), according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the first action may be “open eyes, look at the healthcare professional, and blink twice” in response to a first command 106a. In other words, the person may be instructed to open the eyes, direct gaze towards the healthcare professional, and blink twice. In an embodiment, the outcome 108 of the first action may be obtained to determine whether the person succeeds in eliciting a first desired response 200a or failed to produce the first desired response 200b. In an embodiment, the person may be instructed to perform the first action to evaluate cognitive and physical capabilities as well as test an ability of the person to follow visual cues and demonstrate responsiveness. In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the first desired response 200a, then the healthcare professional may perform a first activity of the set of activities (hereinafter referred to as the first activity) by additional commands such as “blink faster”; “close eyes tight for a first predefined amount of time”, “open eyes up wide - wider”. In a preferred embodiment, the first pre-defined amount of time may be 3 seconds. These additional commands are intended to increase attention and awareness of the eyes and eyelids. However, if the person is inattentive or fails to produce the first desired response 200b, then the healthcare professional may need to perform a first activity of the set of activities by placing the warm or cold washcloth on the eyes of the person. Further, if the person is still unable to open the eyes or focus on the face of the healthcare professional, then the healthcare professional may gently open eyelids of the person and hold the eyelids open for a certain period of time until the person is able to focus on the face of the healthcare professional.

[0084] In an embodiment, the healthcare professional may keep the eyelids open only for the first pre-defined amount of time without blinking, to ensure comfort of the person and prevent any potential discomfort or irritation.

[0085] Further, in case the person is still unable to focus on the face of the healthcare professionalafter a first attempt, the first activity including various steps such as, placing the warm washcloth, gently opening the eyelids, and holding the eyelids open may be repeated up to three times to give the person additional opportunities to respond. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may proceed to a second command 106b, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome 108 as the successful desired response 200b for the first command 106a even after a predefined number of attempts. In a preferred embodiment, the predefined number of attempts may be three.

[0086] FIG. 2B illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a second action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the second action), according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the second action may be “move eyes and hold gaze to all 4 visual quadrants” in response to the second command 106b. In other words, the person may be instructed to move the eyes and maintain the gaze in each of the four visual quadrants (up, down, left, and right) to assess the cognitive and physical ability to move eyes and hold gaze to the second command. In an embodiment, the outcome 108 of the second action may be obtained to determine whether the person succeeds in eliciting a second desired response 200c or failed to produce the second desired response 200d. In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the second desired response 200c, then the healthcare professional may perform a second activity by an additional command such as “hold gaze longer”. This additional command is intended to increase attention and awareness of the eyes and eye movements. However, if the person is inattentive or fails to produce the second desired response 200d, the healthcare professional may need to perform a second activity by creating stimuli to attract the attention of the person to each visual quadrant. In an embodiment, the attention stimuli may be created by shaking a menu, shaking a piece of paper loudly, clapping hands, turning on a flashlight or penlight, moving fingers in a noticeable way, and so forth. In such embodiment, if the person is able to track and maintain continuous eye contact with the healthcare professional, then the healthcare professional may slowly move a head or body of the person to each of the four visual quadrants to encourage the person to track movements of the healthcare professional with the eyes of the person.

[0087] Further, in case the person is still unable to move the eyes to the second command 106b in all the four visual quadrants after the first attempt, then the second activity including various steps such as, use of movement and noise or light may be repeated by the healthcare professional until the person is able to respond in all four visual quadrants. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may proceed to a third command 106c, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome 108 as the successful desired response 200d for the second command 106b evenafter the predefined number of attempts.

[0088] FIG. 2C illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a third action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the third action), according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the third action may be “open mouth fully and close mouth” to the third command 106c. In other words, the person may be prompted to open mouth as wide as possible and then close the mouth upon receiving the third command 106c to evaluate the cognitive and physical ability of the person as well as to execute simple jaw movements. In an embodiment, an outcome 108 of the third action may be obtained to determine whether the person succeeds in eliciting a third desired response 200e or failed to produce the third desired response 200f.

[0089] In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the third desired response 200e, then the healthcare professional may perform a third activity by additional commands such as “open mouth wider” or “repeat several times”. These additional commands are intended to increase attention and awareness of the mouth and mouth movements. However, if the person is inattentive or fails to elicit the third desired response 200f, the healthcare professional may perform a third activity by using a thumb to gently and carefully open the mouth of the person. Upon fully opening of the mouth of the person, the healthcare professional may proceed to gently close the mouth of the person. This completes the third activity.

[0090] Further, in case the person is still unable to follow the third command of the set of commands 106c after the first attempt, then the third activity may be repeated up to three times. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may proceed to a fourth command 106d, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome 108 as the successful desired response 200f for the third command 106c even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0091] FIG. 2D illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a fourth action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the fourth action), according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the fourth action may be “stick out tongue as much as possible and move tongue fully back and forth” to the fourth command 106d. In other words, the person may be requested to extend the tongue as far as the person can and then move the tongue back and forth to determine cognitive capabilities as well as check mobility and coordination of the tongue. In an embodiment, an outcome 108 of the fourth action may be obtained to determine whether the person succeeds in eliciting a fourth desired response 200g or failed to produce the fourth desired response 200h.

[0092] In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the fourth desired response 200g, then the healthcare professional may perform a fourth activity by additional commands such as “wigglethe tongue faster” or “wiggle the tongue slower” or “hold the tongue to the right” or “hold the tongue to the left”. These additional commands are intended to increase attention and awareness of the tongue and tongue movements. However, if the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the fourth desired response 200h, the healthcare professional may perform a fourth activity by using a cold mouth swab to stimulate the attention of the person towards the mouth and the tongue. The cold sensation may help in bringing awareness and focus to an area, in an embodiment.

[0093] Further, in case, the person is still unable to elicit the fourth desired response 200h after the first attempt, then the fourth activity may be repeated until the person is able to stick out the tongue and wiggle the tongue back and forth to the fourth command 106d. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may proceed to a fifth command 106e, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome 108 as the successful desired response 200h for the fourth command 106d even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0094] FIG. 2E illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a fifth action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the fifth action), according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the fifth action may be “turn head fully to left and hold; turn head fully to the right and hold” to the fifth command 106e. In other words, the person may be guided to rotate the head completely to the left and maintain that position, followed by rotating the head fully to the right and holding that position. This assesses cognitive ability as well as head and neck control of the person. In an embodiment, an outcome 108 of the fifth action may be obtained to determine whether the person succeeds in eliciting a fifth desired response 200i or failed to produce the fifth desired response 200j .

[0095] In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the fifth desired response 200i, then the healthcare professional may perform a fifth activity by gently placing the hands on sides of the head of the person to provide an additional gentle stretch. In such embodiment, the healthcare professional may hold the head in the turned position for 3-5 seconds, allowing for a deeper stretch. The fifth activity is repeated for both left and right sides. In an embodiment, the healthcare professional may inform the person that if the person experiences any discomfort or the stretch does not feel pleasant, then the person may communicate this to the healthcare professional and the healthcare professional may adjust as necessary. If the healthcare professional notices visual cues of discomfort, the healthcare professional may adjust as necessary.

[0096] In another embodiment, if the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the fifth desired response 200j, then the healthcare professional may gently use the hands on the sides of the head to turn the head of the person to the left and hold that position for 3-5 seconds. The healthcareprofessional may repeat the same activity to the right side, holding for 3-5 seconds.

[0097] FIG. 2F illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable and incapable of performing a sixth action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the sixth action), according to an embodiment. Further, in an embodiment, the sixth action may be “fully shrug shoulders up and down” to a sixth command 106f. In other words, the person may be instructed to raise and lower the shoulders fully upon receiving the sixth command 106f to test cognitive ability as well as the ability of the person to perform controlled shoulder movements. In an embodiment, an outcome 108 of the sixth action may be obtained to determine whether the person succeeds in eliciting a sixth desired response 200k or failed to produce the sixth desired response. 2001

[0098] In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the sixth desired response 200k, then the healthcare professional may perform a sixth activity by additional commands such as “raise shoulders higher” or “repeat several times”. These additional commands are intended to increase attention and awareness of the shoulders and shoulder movements. However, if the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the sixth desired response 2001, then the healthcare professional may perform the sixth activity by gently but firmly grasp upper arms of the person and assist in raising the shoulders upward. The healthcare professional may hold the shoulders in the raised position for approximately 3 seconds. In an embodiment, the healthcare professional may inform the person that if the person experiences any discomfort, then the person may communicate this to the healthcare professional and the healthcare professional may adjust as necessary. If the healthcare professional notices visual cues of discomfort, the healthcare professional may adjust as necessary.

[0099] Further, in case, the person is still unable to fully shrug the shoulders after the first attempt, then the sixth activity may be repeated by the healthcare professional until the person is able to fully shrug the shoulders up and down to the sixth command 106f. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may proceed to a seventh command 106g, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome 108 as the successful desired response 2001 for the sixth command 106f even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0100] FIG. 2G illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a seventh action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the seventh action), according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the seventh action may be “fully wiggle fingers and thumbs” to the seventh command 106g. In other words, the person may be asked to move the fingers and the thumbs vigorously in response to the seventh command 106g. In an embodiment, an outcome 108 of the seventh action may be obtained to determine whether theperson succeeds in eliciting a seventh desired response 200m or failed to produce the seventh desired response 200n.

[0101] In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the seventh desired response 200m, then the healthcare professional may perform a seventh activity by additional commands such as “wiggle fingers faster” or “wiggle fingers slower” or “wiggle thumbs only”. These additional commands are intended to assess cognitive ability as well as to increase attention and awareness of the fingers and finger movements. However, if the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the seventh desired response 200n, the healthcare professional may perform the seventh activity by taking an initiative to wiggle the fingers and thumb of the person. By gently moving the fingers and the thumb of the person, the healthcare professional may demonstrate a desired action to the person.

[0102] Further, in case, the person remains inattentive or unresponsive, the healthcare professional may use additional stimuli to capture the attention of the person. The stimuli may include, but not limited to, using a washcloth, water, touch, or sensory ball to increase sensory input and engage the focus of the person.

[0103] Further, in case, the person is still unable to fully wiggle the fingers and the thumbs, then the seventh activity may be repeated by the healthcare professional until the person is able to fully wiggle the fingers and the thumbs. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may proceed to an eighth command 106h, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome 108 as the successful desired response 200n for the seventh command 106g even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0104] FIG. 2H illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing an eighth action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the eighth action), according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the eighth action may be “fully open and close hands” to the eighth command 106h. In other words, the person may be guided to fully open and then close the hands to the eighth command 106h. In an embodiment, an outcome 108 of the eighth action may be obtained to determine whether the person succeeds in eliciting an eighth desired response 200o or failed to produce the eighth desired response 200p.

[0105] In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the eighth desired response 200o, then the healthcare professional may perform an eighth activity by additional commands such as “open hands wider” or “make a fist and hold it” or “squeeze my hands and hold it” or “repeat several times”. These additional commands are intended to assess cognitive ability and increase attention and awareness of the hands and hand movements. However, if the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the eighth desired response 200p, the healthcare professional may perform the eighthactivity by taking the initiative to slowly open and close the hands of the person, demonstrating the desired movement. By gently manipulating the hands, the healthcare professional may provide a visual and physical example of the eighth activity.

[0106] Further, in an embodiment, if the person remains inattentive or unresponsive, the healthcare professional may use additional stimuli to capture the attention of the person. The stimuli may include, but not limited to, using the washcloth, the water, clay, and so forth to increase the sensory input and engage the focus of the person.

[0107] Further, in case, the person is still unable to fully open and then close the hands, then the eighth activity may be repeated by the healthcare professional until the person is able to fully open and then close the hands. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may proceed to a ninth command 106i, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome 108 as the successful desired response 200p for the eighth command 106h even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0108] FIG. 21 illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a ninth action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the ninth action), according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the ninth action may be “fully lift both arms over head and hold” to the ninth command 106i . In other words, the person may be prompted to raise both arms fully overhead and maintain that position for 3-5 seconds as instructed. In an embodiment, an outcome 108 of the ninth action may be obtained to determine whether the person succeeds in eliciting a ninth desired response 200q or failed to produce the ninth desired response 200r.

[0109] In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the ninth desired response 200q, then the healthcare professional may perform a ninth activity by placing hands of the healthcare professional on the arms of the person and gently give the arms a slight extra stretch while holding the arms in the raised position for 3-5 seconds. This additional gentle stretch is intended to provide attention and awareness of the arms, and position in space, in addition to therapeutic benefits and enhanced flexibility. The ninth activity is performed with both left and right sides together, if possible, in an embodiment. In an embodiment, the healthcare professional may inform the person that this extra stretch should feel good. The healthcare professional may explain that if the person experiences any discomfort or the stretch does not feel pleasant, the person may communicate this to the healthcare professional. If the healthcare professional notices visual cues of discomfort, the healthcare professional may adjust as necessary.

[0110] In another embodiment, if the person is inattentive or unable to lift the arms 200r, then the healthcare professional may place the hands on the arms of the person and gently raise the armsabove the head of the person, providing assistance in the movement. The healthcare professional may repeat the ninth activity until the person is able to perform the action of lifting the arms all the way up to the ninth command 106i. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may proceed to a tenth command 106j, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome 108 as the successful desired response 200r for the ninth command 106i even after the predefined number of attempts.[OHl] FIG. 2J illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a tenth action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the tenth action), according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the tenth action may be “fully wiggle toes” to the tenth command 106j . In other words, the person may be requested to wiggle the toes actively in response to the tenth command 106j. This evaluates cognitive ability as well as toe control of the person. In an embodiment, an outcome 108 of the tenth action may be obtained to determine whether the person succeeds in eliciting a tenth desired response 200s or failed to produce the tenth desired response 200t.

[0112] In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the tenth desired response 200s, then the healthcare professional may perform a tenth activity by additional commands such as “wiggle toes faster” or “wiggle toes slower” or “repeat several times”. These additional commands is intended to increase attention and awareness of the toes and toe movements. However, if the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the tenth desired response 200t, the healthcare professional may perform the tenth activity by taking the initiative to gently wiggle the toes of the person to demonstrate the desired movement.

[0113] Further, in case, the person is still inattentive and unable to fully wiggle the toes 200t, then the tenth activity may be repeated by the healthcare professional until the person is able to fully wiggle the toes. Further, in case, the person remains inattentive or unresponsive, the healthcare professional may use additional stimuli to capture the attention of the person. The stimuli may include, but not limited to, using a washcloth, water, touch, or sensory ball to increase sensory input and engage the focus of the person.

[0114] Furthermore, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may proceed to an eleventh command 106k, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome 108 as the successful desired response 200t for the tenth command 106j even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0115] FIG. 2K illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing an eleventh action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the eleventh action), according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the eleventh action may be “dorsi / plantar flex feet fully” to the eleventh command 106k. In other words, the person may beprompted to perform dorsi / plantar flexion of the feet upon receiving the eleventh command 106k. In an embodiment, an outcome 108 of the eleventh action may be obtained to determine whether the person succeeds in eliciting an eleventh desired response 200u or failed to produce the eleventh desired response 200v.

[0116] In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the eleventh desired response 200u, then the healthcare professional may perform an eleventh activity by additional commands such as “press on my hands harder like you are stepping on the gas” or “flex your foot up against my hands harder” or “repeat several times”. These additional commands are intended to assess cognitive ability as well as to increase attention and awareness of the foot and foot movements.

[0117] In an embodiment, if the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the eleventh desired response 200v, then the healthcare professional may perform the eleventh activity by demonstrating a movement by gently dorsi-flexing own feet (bringing the toes toward a body) and holding a position for 3 seconds, followed by plantar flexion (pointing the toes away from the body) and holding that position for 3 seconds. This serves as a visual and kinesthetic demonstration for the person. The healthcare professional may repeat the eleventh activity until the person is able to dorsi / plantar flex the feet to the eleventh command 106k. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the healthcare professional may proceed to a twelfth command 1061, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome 108 as the successful desired response 200v for the eleventh command 106k even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0118] FIG. 2L illustrates a pictorial representation of the person capable or incapable of performing a twelfth action of the second set of actions (hereinafter referred to as the twelfth action), according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the twelfth action may be “bend left knee up towards chest and hold for 3 seconds, grasping with both arms; bend right knee up towards chest and hold for 3 seconds, grasping with both arms and repeat for a total of 3 times” to the twelfth command 1061. In other words, the twelfth action may be a series of movements where the person may be required to bend left knee up towards a chest, grasp the left knee with both arms, and hold a position for 3-5 seconds. This is followed by the same movement with the right knee and the series of movements is repeated three times. In an embodiment, an outcome 108 of the twelfth action may be obtained to determine whether the person succeeds in eliciting a twelfth desired response lOOw or failed to produce the twelfth desired response 200x.

[0119] In an embodiment, if the person is able to elicit the twelfth desired response 200w, then the healthcare professional may perform a twelfth activity by placing his / her hands on the lower legs / knees of the person and gently give the legs a slight extra stretch while holding the legs in the bent position for 3-5 seconds as well as additional commands such as “bend knee up more” or“repeat several times”. These additional commands are intended to assess cognitive ability as well as to increase attention and awareness of the legs and leg movements. In an embodiment, if the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the twelfth desired response 200x, then the healthcare professional may perform a twelfth activity to assist the person with the movement. The healthcare professional may gently grasp the left leg of the person and assist in bending the knee up towards the chest. Additionally, the person may be encouraged to grasp the left knee with both arms, reinforcing the movement. The healthcare professional may hold the position for 3-5 seconds to allow the person to maintain the posture. Following the completion of the left knee movement, the healthcare professional may gently grasp the right leg of the person and assist in bending the knee up towards the chest. Similarly, the person may be encouraged to grasp the right knee with both arms. Again, the position may be held for 3-5 seconds. In an embodiment, the twelfth activity may be repeated for a total of three times.

[0120] Further, in case, where the person is extremely inattentive, it may be necessary to involve two healthcare professionals to perform the twelfth activity with assistance and support. This ensures the safety and comfort of the person during the movement.

[0121] In an embodiment, caveats may be provided to keep in mind while conducting a process described above.

[0122] In an exemplary embodiment, if the person becomes sleepier during the process, then the healthcare professional may re-apply the warm washcloth to the face of the person. This may help increase arousal levels and promote attention to the face and the comfort of the person. Once the person is more awake and responsive, then the healthcare professional may continue eliciting the outcome 108 from where the healthcare professional left off, or begin again.

[0123] Further, in another exemplary embodiment, it is recommended to sit the person up as soon as it is feasible during the process. This helps in stimulating vestibular inputs, increasing arousal levels and engagement of the person. If necessary, multiple healthcare professionals or caregivers may be involved to safely assist the person in sitting at an edge of a bed, if possible. This ensures the safety of the person and minimizes a risk of falls or discomfort to the person.

[0124] In yet another exemplary embodiment, if the healthcare professional enters room and notices that the person is displaying behavior that makes the healthcare professional feel unsafe, it is important not to initiate or proceed with the process. The safety of both the person and the healthcare professional is paramount, and alternative strategies or interventions may be considered.

[0125] Further, in another exemplary embodiment, if at any point during the process, the healthcare professional feels unsafe due to behavior of the person, environment, or any otherfactors, it is essential to stop the process immediately. The healthcare professional may prioritize his / her safety and seek assistance or appropriate measures to ensure a secure environment.

[0126] In yet another exemplary embodiment, if the person has a present or prior injury or any current movement restrictions that may impede a safe execution of the specific outcome 108, then it is important to either skip that particular outcome 108 or modify it to ensure the safety of the person.

[0127] FIG. 3 A illustrates a pictorial representation of the person ambulating in the hallway 300a, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the ambulating in the hallway 300a may involve walking with the person in a premises such as, but not limited to, a hospital, a facility, home hallway or outside. The ambulating in hallway 300a may be suitable for the persons having a physical or physiologic capacity and stability to walk longer distances with assistance or supervision. Further, in an embodiment, the ambulating short distances may involve walking shorter distances that may be selected for the persons having limited endurance or require closer supervision during mobility activities.

[0128] FIG. 3B illustrates a pictorial representation of the person standing and marching in place 300b, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the standing and marching in place 300b may involve the person standing in one place and performing marching movements, lifting knees alternatively. It helps in improving balance, strength, and coordination and may be beneficial for the persons having difficulty in walking longer distances.

[0129] FIG. 3C illustrates a pictorial representation of the person in a standing position 300c, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the standing position 300c may involve the person remaining in the standing position 300c that may reinforce arousal pathways, position in space, improve weight-bearing, balance, and stability. Standing exercises may be chosen for the persons who are unable to walk or have limited mobility but may tolerate weight-bearing activities.

[0130] FIG. 3D illustrates a pictorial representation of the person sitting and marching in place 300d, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the sitting and marching in place 300d may involve the person sitting on a chair or the edge of the bed and performs marching movements with legs. In such embodiment, the sitting and marching may be suitable for the persons having difficulty in standing or walking.

[0131] FIG. 3E illustrates a pictorial representation of the person sitting at an edge of the bed 300e, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, sitting at the edge of the bed 300e may involve the person sitting at the edge of the bed, which may engage the vestibular system and arousal pathways and help promote balance and functional sitting abilities. In such embodiment,the sitting at the edge of the bed may often selected for the persons who are not able to lift legs up and down or tolerate standing or walking activities.

[0132] FIG. 3F illustrates a pictorial representation of the active Range of Motion (ROM) with holds 300f, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the active Range of Motion (ROM) 300f with holds may involve the person actively performing range of motion exercises for their joints and holding each position for 3-5 seconds. In such embodiment, the active ROM exercises may be performed by the person without assistance. In such embodiment, the active ROM exercises may be suitable for persons who have contraindications to being placed in an upright position, for example a low blood pressure.

[0133] FIG. 3G illustrates a pictorial representation of the passive Range of Motion (ROM) with holds 300g, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the passive Range of Motion (ROM) with holds 300g may involve the healthcare professional or caregiver moving the joints of the person through full range of motion and holding each position for 3-5 seconds. In such embodiment, the passive ROM exercises may be suitable for the persons who have severe inattention, severe decreased arousal levels, and have limited mobility or require assistance in moving the joints.

[0134] FIG. 4 illustrates a pictorial representation of the attentive activities 112, according to an embodiment. In an embodiment, the person may be encouraged to perform the attentive activities 112 such as, but not limited to, painting 400a, puzzles 400b, clay therapy 400c, sketching 400d, art 400e, therapeutic horticulture 400f, music therapy 400g, engaging with therapeutic animals 400h, reverie harp, games, yoga, exercises, dancing, writing, drawing, knitting, woodworking, working with tools, video games, handwork, playing catch with a ball, activities of daily living, and so forth. Embodiments are intended to include or otherwise cover any type of the attentive activities 112.

[0135] In an embodiment, some of person vignettes may be described as below:

[0136] In one of, the person vignettes, a person with severe bleeding due to blood thinner usage, low blood pressure, and fainting necessitating blood transfusions was admitted to the observation unit of a hospital. Despite being stable and cognitively intact initially, after a few days in the hospital, the person experienced a dramatic change in mental status. The person became highly disoriented, started hallucinating, and repeatedly tried to leave the bed unassisted. Due to confusion, the person was unable to comprehend instructions from healthcare professionals, safely move around, or get the rest the person needed. This sudden alteration was extremely distressing for the family members to witness.

[0137] However, in the morning after the confusion of the person began, a trained healthcareprofessional performed the intervention specifically designed to address acute delirium. Remarkably, within 3-4 minutes, the confusion was completely subsided. The person regained the ability to communicate normally, ambulate, and follow instructions. However, later that morning, the person once again displayed signs of confusion. The healthcare professional administered the acute delirium intervention again, and this time the delirium of the person resolved within 2 minutes. The second intervention completely restored the mental state of the person, and the person did not experience any further issues for rest of hospital stay. As planned, the person was discharged home with full cognitive function. The family members of the person was amazed to witness immediate effectiveness of the intervention and his return to normal cognition.

[0138] Further, in another person vignette, the person ‘B’ had been helped into a chair in a hospital room, but breakfast remained untouched once more. The person ‘B’ displayed complete unawareness of the surroundings and failed to respond appropriately to the healthcare professional's attempts to communicate. Throughout the admission, the person ‘B’ had been unable to even stand up due to severe inattention and decreased awareness.

[0139] After the person ‘B’ disregarded the breakfast, the acute delirium intervention was conducted. Almost immediately, the person ‘B’ became more alert and actively engaged. The person ‘B’ was capable of following instructions and safely standing with assistance. As the person ‘B’ stood, the person ‘B’ began looking around and unexpectedly asked, "Do I have a chest tube?" This was an aspect that the healthcare professional had been trying to explain to the person ‘B’, but the person ‘B’ decreased arousal level and inattention prevented the person ‘B’ from understanding. The healthcare professional then engaged in a discussion, clarifying reasons behind the chest tube, and the person posed some insightful questions. Upon sitting back down, the person ‘B’ exclaimed, "I'm starving!". Despite the person ‘B’ diminished appetite in recent days, now the person ‘B’ was aware of bodily sensations, could recognize and express hunger, as well. The person ‘B’ eagerly devoured a chocolate ice cream before a second breakfast tray arrived, the person ‘B’ could now actively participate in the care, and felt like a normal self once again.

[0140] In yet another person vignette, the person ‘C’ was admitted to the hospital with a cervical fracture resulting from a fall, and had pre-existing severe dementia. She displayed extreme confusion, occasional combative behavior, and repeatedly attempted to get up without assistance. Eventually, due to her persistent attempts to remove her cervical collar, the person had to be fitted with mitts for safety. Initially, it was believed that the difficulties of the person were solely attributed to her existing dementia, as she was considered to be functioning at her baseline.However, she tested positive for the delirium during a screening, prompting the intervention of the trained healthcare professional. The acute delirium intervention was implemented, and within a matter of minutes, it was as if the person transformed into an entirely different individual. She became cooperative, engaged in conversation, and was able to actively participate in her own care, despite her underlying dementia. It became evident that her profound confusion stemmed from an overlaying delirium rather than solely her existing dementia.

[0141] In another person vignette, the person experiencing the delirium in the hospital exhibited restlessness and repeatedly touched his back. The healthcare professional initially attributed this behavior to chronic back pain. However, assessing the person proved challenging due to his constant fidgeting and inability to follow commands. To address this, the trained healthcare professional performed the acute delirium intervention. Surprisingly, within 2 minutes, the person expressed an urgent need to use a bathroom. Despite his urgency, he was unable to urinate naturally, leading the healthcare professional to catheterize him. To everyone's surprise, a significant amount of 1200 Milliliters (mL) of urine was drained from the bladder. Throughout the morning, the person had been asked multiple times if he needed to use the bathroom, and the healthcare professional had even provided a urinal on several occasions. Nonetheless, it was the intervention that allowed the person to become aware of his bodily sensations and effectively communicate the needs.

[0142] In yet another vignette, the person arrived at a facility in a combative and delirious state due to adjustments made to their antipsychotic medication, necessitating the use of restraints. The acute delirium intervention was administered, and after two treatments by the healthcare professionals, the person exhibited a significant improvement in self-awareness and became capable of following safety instructions provided by the staff. Consequently, the restraints were no longer required. The condition of the person continued to improve, as evidenced by their ability to walk in a hallway and actively participate in their own treatment plan.

[0143] In another person vignette, an extremely confused person in the hospital was found trying to climb over a headboard, without a gown on, with a wound vac wrapped around him. Despite redirection attempts, the person was completely inattentive and could not follow commands. A trained healthcare professional performed the acute delirium intervention. The healthcare professional performed the set of commands with the person, and within minutes, the person became more aware of himself. The person was then able to sit at the edge of the bed, take his regular morning medications, ambulate in the hallway, and eat breakfast.

[0144] In yet another person vignette, a young person arrived in a severely hypoactive delirious state following an overdose of an unidentified substance. Despite the application of standardmedical measures, his mental condition did not show any improvement over several days. On a third day of his hospitalization, an individual trained in an acute delirium protocol performed the intervention. Coincidentally, a neurologist happened to be present in the room at the same time. The neurologist, who had never witnessed this particular intervention before, was enthusiastic about witnessing a "new delirium work". Initially, the neurologist conducted an assessment of the person, but due to the inability of the person to participate, only reflexes and pupil responses could be evaluated. Subsequently, the delirium trainer initiated the acute delirium protocol, and within a span of 5-6 minutes, the person awoke, cooperated, spoke in complete sentences, and even walked in the hallway. The neurologist was thoroughly impressed by a remarkable outcome 108.

[0145] FIG. 5 illustrate a flowchart of a method 500 for treating the delirium, inattention and consequences of the delirium by using the AATM 102, according to an embodiment.

[0146] At step 502, the first set of actions 104 may be performed to optimize the environment by enhancing the beneficial sensory inputs, removing or reducing the irrelevant stimuli, and encouraging the awareness of the face of the person in the clinical setting.

[0147] At step 504, the commands 106 may be provided to the person for enabling the person to perform the corresponding second set of actions.

[0148] At step 506, the outcome 108 corresponding to at least one of, the second set of actions that may be performed by the person in response to the corresponding commands 106 may be elicited by using the AATM 102.

[0149] At step 508, the set of activities may be performed by the healthcare professional based on the elicited outcome 108 for the corresponding commands 106.

[0150] Further, at step 510, the Movement to Capacity (MTC) 110 for the person may be selected based on the condition and capabilities of the person.

[0151] At step 512, the person may be encouraged to perform the attentive activities 112.

[0152] FIGs. 6A-6B illustrate a flowchart of a method 600 for evaluating the outcome 108 of the second set of actions of the person for assisting the person in performing the second set of actions by using the AATM 102, according to an embodiment.

[0153] At step 602, the first action such as, “open eyes, look at healthcare professional, and blink twice” may be performed by the person in response to the first command 106a. The outcome 108 of the first action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the first desired response 200a, then the healthcare professional may perform the first activity by the additional commands such as “blink faster”; “close eyes tight for 3 seconds” “open eyes up wide - wider”. If the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the first desired response 200b, then the healthcareprofessional may need to perform the first activity by placing the warm washcloth on the eyes of the person. The first activity is repeated, in case the person is unable to focus on the face of the healthcare professional after the first attempt. The healthcare professional may proceed to the second command 106b, in case the person is unable to elicit the first desired response 200b even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0154] At step 604, the second action such as, “move eyes and hold gaze to all 4 visual quadrants” may be performed by the person in response to the second command 106b. The outcome 108 of the second action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the second desired response 200c, then the healthcare professional may perform the second activity by additional commands such as “hold gaze longer”. If the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the second desired response 200d, then the healthcare professional may need to perform the second activity by creating stimuli to attract the attention of the person to each visual quadrant. The second activity is repeated in case the person is still unable to move the eyes to the second command 106b in all the four visual quadrants after the first attempt. The healthcare professional may proceed to the third command 106c, in case the person is unable to elicit the second desired response 200d even after three attempts.

[0155] At step 606, the third action such as, “open mouth fully and close mouth” may be performed by the person in response to the third command 106c. The outcome 108 of the third action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the third desired response 200e, then the healthcare professional may perform the third activity by additional commands such as “open mouth wider” or “repeat several times”. If the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the third desired response 200f, then the healthcare professional may perform the third activity by using the thumb to gently and carefully open the mouth of the person. Upon fully opening of the mouth of the person, the healthcare professional may proceed to gently close the mouth of the person. Repeat the third activity, in case, the person is still unable to follow the third command 106c after the first attempt. The healthcare professional may proceed to the fourth command 106d, in case the person is unable to elicit the third desired response 200f even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0156] At step 608, the fourth action such as, “stick out tongue as much as possible and move tongue fully back and forth” may be performed by the person in response to the fourth command 106d. The outcome 108 of the fourth action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the fourth desired response 200g, then the healthcare professional may perform the fourth activity by additional commands such as “wiggle the tongue faster” or “wiggle the tongue slower” or “hold the tongue to the right” or “hold the tongue to the left”. If the person is inattentive orunable to elicit the fourth desired response 200h, the healthcare professional may perform the fourth activity by using the cold mouth swab to stimulate the attention of the person towards the mouth and the tongue. Repeat the fourth activity, in case, the person is still unable to elicit the fourth outcome 108 after the first attempt. The healthcare professional may proceed to the fifth command 106e, in case the person is unable to elicit the fourth desired response 200h even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0157] At step 610, the fifth action such as, “turn head fully to left and hold; turn head fully to the right and hold” may be performed by the person in response to the fifth command 106e. The outcome 108 of the fifth action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the fifth desired response 200i, then the healthcare professional may perform the fifth activity by gently placing the hands on sides of the head of the person to provide the additional stretch. If the person is inattentive or unable to turn the head fully 200j, then the healthcare professional may gently use the hands to turn the head of the person to the left and right and hold that position for 3-5 seconds.

[0158] At step 612, the sixth action such as, “fully shrug shoulders up and down” may be performed by the person in response to the sixth command 106f. The outcome 108 of the sixth action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the sixth desired response 200k, then the healthcare professional may perform the sixth activity by additional commands such as “raise shoulders higher” or “repeat several times”. If the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the sixth desired response 2001, the healthcare professional may perform the sixth activity by gently but firmly grasp upper arms of the person and assist in raising the shoulders upward. Repeat the sixth activity, in case, the person is still unable to fully shrug the shoulders after the first attempt. The healthcare professional may proceed to the seventh command 106g, in case the person is unable to elicit the sixth desired response 2001 even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0159] At step 614, the seventh action such as, “fully wiggle fingers and thumbs” may be performed by the person in response to the seventh command 106g. The outcome 108 of the seventh action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the seventh desired response 200m, then the healthcare professional may perform the seventh action by additional commands such as “wiggle fingers faster” or “wiggle fingers slower” or “wiggle thumbs only”. If the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the seventh desired response 200n, the healthcare professional may perform the seventh activity by taking an initiative to wiggle the fingers and thumb of the person. In case, the person remains inattentive or unresponsive, the healthcare professional may use additional stimuli to capture the attention of the person. Repeat the seventh activity, in case, the person is still unable to fully wiggle the fingers and the thumbs. Thehealthcare professional may proceed to the eighth command 106h, in case the person is unable to elicit the seventh desired response 200n even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0160] At step 616, the eighth action such as, “fully open and close hands” may be performed by the person in response to the eighth command 106h. The outcome 108 of the eighth action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the eighth desired response 200o, then the healthcare professional may perform the eighth activity by additional commands such as “open hands wider” or “make a fist and hold it” or “squeeze my hands and hold it” or “repeat several times”. If the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the eighth desired response 200p, the healthcare professional may perform the eighth activity by taking the initiative to slowly open and close the hands of the person, demonstrating the desired movement. If the person remains inattentive or unresponsive, the healthcare professional may use the additional stimuli. Repeat the eighth activity, in case, the person is still unable to fully open and then close the hands. The healthcare professional may proceed to the ninth command 106i, in case the person is unable to elicit the eighth desired response 200p even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0161] At step 618, the ninth action such as, “fully lift both arms over head and hold” may be performed by the person in response to the ninth command 106i. The outcome 108 of the ninth action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the ninth desired response 200q, then the healthcare professional may perform the ninth activity by placing his / her hands on the arms of the person and gently give the arms the slight extra stretch while holding the arms in the raised position for 3-5 seconds. Repeat the ninth activity, in case, the person is inattentive or unable to lift the arms 200r. The healthcare professional may proceed to the tenth command 106j , in case the person is unable to elicit the ninth desired response 200r even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0162] At step 620, the tenth action such as, “fully wiggle toes” may be performed by the person in response to the tenth command 106j. The outcome 108 of the tenth action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the tenth desired response 200s, then the healthcare professional may perform the tenth activity by additional commands such as “wiggle toes faster” or “wiggle toes slower” or “repeat several times”. If the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the tenth desired response 200t, the healthcare professional may perform the tenth activity by taking the initiative to gently wiggle the toes of the person to demonstrate the desired movement. Repeat the tenth activity, in case, the person is still inattentive and unable to fully wiggle the toes. The healthcare professional may proceed to the eleventh command 106k, in case the person is unable to elicit the tenth desired response 200t even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0163] At step 622, the eleventh action such as, “dorsi / plantar flex feet fully” may be performedby the person in response to the eleventh command 106k. The outcome 108 of the eleventh action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the eleventh desired response 200u, then the healthcare professional may perform the eleventh activity by additional commands such as “press on my hands harder like you are stepping on the gas” or “flex your foot up against my hands harder” or “repeat several times”. If the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the eleventh desired response 200v, then the healthcare professional may perform the eleventh activity by demonstrating the movement by gently dorsi-flexing his / her own feet (bringing the toes toward a body) and holding the position for 3 seconds, followed by the plantar flexion (pointing the toes away from the body) and holding that position for 3 seconds. Repeat the eleventh action, in case, the person is unable to dorsi / plantar flex the feet. The healthcare professional may proceed to the twelfth command 1061, in case the person is unable to elicit the eleventh desired response 200v even after the predefined number of attempts.

[0164] At step 624, the twelfth action such as, “bend left knee up towards chest, grasping with both arms; bend right knee up towards chest, grasping with both arms and repeat for a total of 3 times” may be performed by the person in response to the twelfth command 1061. The outcome 108 of the twelfth action may be elicited to determine if the person is able to elicit the twelfth desired response 200w, then the healthcare professional may perform the twelfth activity by placing his / her hands on the lower legs / knees of the person and gently give the legs a slight extra stretch while holding the legs in the bent position for 3-5 seconds as well as additional commands such as “bend knee up more” or “repeat several times”. If the person is inattentive or unable to elicit the twelfth desired response 200x, then the healthcare professional may perform the twelfth activity by gently grasping the left leg of the person and assist in bending the knee up towards the chest. Additionally, the person may be encouraged to grasp the left knee with both arms, reinforcing the movement. The healthcare professional may hold the position for 3-5 seconds to allow the person to maintain the posture. Following the completion of the left knee movement, the healthcare professional may gently grasp the right leg of the person and assist in bending the knee up towards the chest. Similarly, the person may be encouraged to grasp the right knee with both arms. Again, the position may be held for 3-5 seconds. The twelfth activity may be repeated for a total of three times.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A method for treating delirium, comprising: performing a first set of actions for optimizing environment and enhancing sensory experience of a person experiencing the delirium; providing a set of commands to the person for enabling the person to perform corresponding second set of actions; eliciting an outcome corresponding to at least one of, the second set of actions performed by the person in response to the corresponding set of commands by using an Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique; and performing a set of activities by a healthcare professional based on the elicited outcome for the corresponding set of commands.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first set of actions are selected from raising shades, turning on lights, correcting vision impairments, correcting hearing impairments, speaking slightly louder, inserting dentures, turning off a television, discontinuing a use of certain medical devices such as Sequential Compression Devices (SCDs), removing automatic blood pressure cuffs, silence bedside alarms, removing extra blankets, removing mitts, placing a warm washcloth on a face of the person, performing mouthcare, or a combination thereof.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of commands are selected from “Open eyes, look at healthcare professional, and blink twice”, “Move eyes and hold gaze to all 4 visual quadrants”, “Open mouth fully and close mouth”, “Stick out tongue as much as possible and move tongue fully back and forth”, “Turn head fully to left and hold, turn head fully to right and hold”, “Fully shrug shoulders up and down”, “Fully wiggle fingers and thumbs”, “Fully open and close hands”, “Fully lift both arms over head and hold”, “Fully wiggle toes”, “Dorsi / plantar flex feet fully”, “Bend left knee up towards chest, grasping with both arms; bend right knee up towards chest, grasping with both arms and repeat for a first predefined number of times”, or a combination thereof.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the outcome is selected from one of, successful elicitation of a desired response or failed to produce the desired response.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the set of activities performed for the successful outcome of the corresponding set of commands are selected from “blink faster”, “close eyes tight for a first pre-defined amount of time”, “open eyes up wide - wider”, “hold gaze longer”, “open mouth wider” or “repeat several times”, “wiggle the tongue faster” or “wiggle the tongue slower” or “hold the tongue to the right or hold the tongue to the left”, “gently placing the hands on sides ofthe head of the person to provide the additional stretch”, “raise shoulders higher” or “repeat several times”, “wiggle fingers faster” or “wiggle fingers slower” or “wiggle thumbs only”, “open hands wider” or “make a fist and hold it” or “squeeze my hands and hold it” or “repeat several times”, “placing hands by the healthcare worker on the arms of the person and gently give the arms the slight extra stretch while holding the arms in the raised position for a second pre-defined amount of time”, “wiggle toes faster” or “wiggle toes slower” or “repeat several times”, “press on my hands harder like you are stepping on the gas” or “flex your foot up against my hands harder” or “repeat several times”, placing hands of the healthcare worker on the lower legs / knees of the person and gently give the legs a slight extra stretch while holding the legs in the bent position for the second pre-defined amount of time as well as additional commands such as “bend knee up more” or “repeat several times”.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the set of activities performed for the failure outcome of the corresponding set of commands are selected from “placing the warm washcloth on the eyes of the person”, “creating stimuli to attract the attention of the person to each visual quadrant”, “using the thumb to gently and carefully open the mouth of the person and gently close the mouth of the person”, “using the cold mouth swab to stimulate the attention of the person towards the mouth and the tongue”, “gently use the hands to turn the head of the person to the left and right and hold that position for the second pre-defined amount of time”, “gently but firmly grasp upper arms of the person and assist in raising the shoulders upward”, “taking an initiative to wiggle the fingers and thumb of the person”, “taking the initiative to slowly open and close the hands of the person, demonstrating the desired movement”, “placing hands on the arms of the person and gently give the arms the slight extra stretch while holding the arms in the raised position for the second predefined amount of time”, “taking the initiative to gently wiggle the toes of the person to demonstrate the desired movement”, “demonstrating the movement by gently dorsi-flexing his / her own feet (bringing the toes toward a body) and holding the position for the first pre-defined amount of time, followed by the plantar flexion (pointing the toes away from the body) and holding that position for the first predefined amount of time”, “gently grasping the left leg followed by the right leg of the person and assisting in bending the knee up towards the chest and encouraging the person to grasp the left knee and right knee respectively with both arms”.

7. The method of claim 4, further comprising proceeding to a next command of the set of commands, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome as the successful desired response for a corresponding command of the set of commands upon performing an activity of the set of activities for the corresponding command of the set of commands for a predefined number of times.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting a specific range of movement and / or one or more physical activities for the person based on a condition and cognitive and physical abilities of the person.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the one or more physical activities are selected from ambulating in hallway, ambulating short distances, standing and marching in place, standing, sitting and marching in place, sitting at an edge of a bed, active Range of Motion (ROM) with holds, and passive Range of Motion (ROM) with holds.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising encouraging the person to perform attentive activities.

11. A method for treating delirium, comprising: performing a first set of actions for optimizing environment and enhancing sensory experience of a person experiencing the delirium; providing a set of commands to the person for enabling the person to perform corresponding second set of actions; eliciting an outcome corresponding to at least one of, the second set of actions performed by the person in response to the corresponding set of commands by using an Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique; performing a set of activities by a healthcare professional based on the elicited outcome for the corresponding set of commands; and selecting a specific range of movement and / or one or more physical activities for the person based on a condition and cognitive and physical abilities of the person.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first set of actions are selected from raising shades, turning on lights, correcting vision impairments, correcting hearing impairments, speaking slightly louder, inserting dentures, turning off a television, discontinuing a use of certain medical devices such as Sequential Compression Devices (SCDs), removing automatic blood pressure cuffs, silence bedside alarms, removing extra blankets, removing mitts, placing a warm washcloth on a face of the person, performing mouthcare, or a combination thereof.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the set of commands are selected from “Open eyes, look at healthcare professional, and blink twice”, “Move eyes and hold gaze to all 4 visual quadrants”, “Open mouth fully and close mouth”, “Stick out tongue as much as possible and move tongue fully back and forth”, “Turn head fully to left and hold, turn head fully to right and hold”, “Fully shrug shoulders up and down”, “Fully wiggle fingers and thumbs”, “Fully open and close hands”, “Fully lift both arms over head and hold”, “Fully wiggle toes”, “Dorsi / plantar flex feet fully”,“Bend left knee up towards chest, grasping with both arms; bend right knee up towards chest, grasping with both arms and repeat for a first predefined number of times”, or a combination thereof.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the outcome is selected from one of, successful elicitation of a desired response or failed to produce the desired response.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising proceeding to a next command of the set of commands, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome as the successful desired response for a corresponding command of the set of commands upon performing an activity of the set of activities for the corresponding command of the set of commands for a predefined number of times.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more physical activities are selected from ambulating in hallway, ambulating short distances, standing and marching in place, standing, sitting and marching in place, sitting at an edge of a bed, active Range of Motion (ROM) with holds, and passive Range of Motion (ROM) with holds.

17. The method of claim 11, further comprising encouraging the person to perform attentive activities.

18. A method for treating delirium, comprising: performing a first set of actions for optimizing environment and enhancing sensory experience of a person experiencing the delirium; providing a set of commands to the person for enabling the person to perform corresponding second set of actions; eliciting an outcome corresponding to at least one of, the second set of actions performed by the person in response to the corresponding set of commands by using an Attention Awareness Through Movement (AATM) technique; performing a set of activities by a healthcare professional based on the elicited outcome for the corresponding set of commands; and encouraging the person to perform attentive activities.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising proceeding to a next command of the set of commands, in case the person is unable to elicit the outcome as a successful desired response for a corresponding command of the set of commands upon performing an activity of set of activities for the corresponding command of the set of commands for a predefined number of times.

20. The method of claim 18, further comprising selecting a specific range of movement and / or one or more physical activities for the person based on a condition and cognitive and physical abilities of the person.

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