Pesticidal compositions comprising chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram

Abstract

Disclosed herein are pesticidal compositions comprising effective amounts of Chlorantraniliprole or Cyantraniliprole and Spinetoram, their applications, and a plant propagule comprising such pesticidal compositions.

Description

[0001] PESTICIDAL COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING CHLORANTRANILIPROLE AND SPINETORAM

[0002] INTRODUCTION

[0003] Disclosed herein are agrochemical compositions comprising Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram. A significant portion of the global crop harvest is lost to the pest damage.

[0004] Although new and effective pesticidal molecules are being produced, controlling pests is a continuing challenge. In addition to growing environmental concerns, it is common for the pests to develop resistance to the existing treatments.

[0005] Accordingly, there is a constant need to develop new pesticidal treatments. Developing mixtures, for example, combinations of pesticidally-active components, is of a particular interest in this regard. Generally, since several active components are present, these mixtures can show activity against a wide variety of pests, e.g., insects, fungi and microorganisms. Use of reduced application rates (dosages) is an advantage of using a mixture of active components. Use of reduced amounts of pesticides not only keeps the costs down but also helps to address the growing environmental concerns.

[0006] Pesticidal mixtures where the pesticides act together and against multiple pests are particularly important because such activity leads to lower use rates and efficiency. It was unexpectedly and surprisingly discovered that the combinations of anthranilic diamides and Spinetoram show an enhanced pesticidal effect against a number of insects.

[0007] SUMMARY

[0008] Disclosed herein are pesticidal compositions comprising either Cyantraniliprole or Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram effective against a number of pests at ratios that have shown to provide unexpected results. In a particular aspect, the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein comprise effective amounts of Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram. Disclosed herein also is a seed treated with or comprising a pesticidal composition comprising effective amounts of Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram. Pesticidal compositions comprising Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram and an additional active compound are also disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0009] Anthranilamides that are useful for controlling invertebrates have been disclosed previously, e.g., in US 7,696,232 B2. These compounds are modulators of ryanodine receptors and have been commercialized since 2008. Chlorantraniliprole and Cyantraniliprole are widely- used insecticides for both seed treatment as well as foliar applications. Chlorantraniliprole was the first anthranilic diamide developed and marketed with activity against Lepidopterans and other chewing insects. Cyantraniliprole is a second generation anthranilic diamide and has a broader action spectrum on Lepidoterans, Dipterans, Coleopterans, Hemipterans and Thysanopterans.

[0010] Spinetoram, a biopesticide, is derived from the extracts of actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinose. Spinetoram comprises two major active ingredients; Spinetoram-J and-L. It has high insecticidal activity and low toxicity towards non-target organisms and has been used to control insect orders Lepidoptera, Diptera and Thysanoptera. Spinetoram is known to activate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and inhibit gamma-amino butyric acid receptors (GABA).

[0011] Disclosed herein are pesticidal compositions comprising effective amounts of anthranilic diamides of Formula I and Spinetoram.

[0012] In particular, disclosed herein are pesticidal compositions comprising effective amounts of either Cyantraniliprole (Formula II) or Chlorantraniliprole (Formula III) and Spinetoram.

[0013] More particularly, disclosed herein are pesticidal compositions comprising effective amounts of Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram at ratios showing unexpected and surprising enhanced results against various pests such as insects and fungi. For example, a combination of Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram shows a greater than expected efficacy against various pests (calculated using the Colby equation).

[0014] The term “effective amounts” means the range of ratios of Chlorantraniliprole or Cyantraniliprole and Spinetoram in which the compounds act in combination to control, prevent, mitigate or eliminate the infestation of pests. One aspect of the disclosed pesticidal compositions is to improve the “plant health”. “Plant health” in this context means a condition of a plant, plant products or plant propagation material that is measured by several aspects by themselves or in combination with each other such as yield (increased biomass and / or increased content of valuable ingredients), quality (for example, improved content or composition of certain ingredients or shelf life), plant vigor (improved plant growth and / or greener leaves, tolerance to abiotic (for example, drought) and / or biotic stress (for example disease) and production efficiency (e.g., harvesting efficiency, processability). These aspects or indicators are well- known in the art and can be determined by the known methods. The term “plant propagation material” means all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers including seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of the plants. Seedlings and young plants that can be transplanted after the germination or after the emergence of the soil may also be included in this definition. These plant propagation materials can be treated prophylactically either at or before planting or transplanting.

[0015] The term “seed” refers to seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruits, tubers, grains, cuttings, cut shoots and the like. The preferred embodiment is true seeds.

[0016] In some aspects, the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein include another active in addition to Chlorantraniliprole or Cyantraniliprole and Spinetoram. The another active is referred to as “component X” throughout this specification. Component X is a compound having pesticidal activity. “Active” or “active ingredient” or “active compound” is used here interchangeably. An exemplary embodiment of such a composition is a composition comprising Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Metalaxyl. Another exemplary embodiment is a composition comprising Cyantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Metalaxyl.

[0017] “Pesticidal activity” in this context means the ability to control, mitigate, eliminate, reduce or prevent infestation of one or more pests of a plant or plant propagation material. The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein comprise pesticidally-effective amounts of the actives. The phrase “pesticidally-effective amount” means the amount of a pesticide needed to achieve an observable effect on a pest, for example, the effects of necrosis, death, retardation, prevention of an infestation, removal, destruction, or otherwise diminishing the occurrence and / or activity of a pest in a locus. This effect may come about when pest populations are repulsed from a locus, pests are incapacitated in, or around, a locus, and / or pests are exterminated in, or around, a locus. A combination of these effects can occur during the course of the treatment. Generally, pest populations, activity, or both are desirably reduced more than fifty percent, preferably more than 90 percent, and most preferably more than 99 percent. In general, a pesticidally-effective amount, for agricultural purposes, is from about 0.0001 grams per hectare to about 5000 grams per hectare, preferably from about 0.0001 grams per hectare to about 500 grams per hectare, and it is even more preferably from about 0.0001 grams per hectare to about 50 grams per hectare. The term “biologically-effective amount” refers to the amount of a biologically active compound (any of the compounds disclosed herein according to any aspect of the invention) sufficient to produce the desired biological effect when applied to (or contacted with) an invertebrate pest to be controlled, to its environment, or to a plant, the seed from which the plant is grown, or the locus of the plant (e.g., growth medium) to protect the plant from injury by the invertebrate pest or for producing another desired effect such as increasing plant vigor.

[0018] In some particular aspects, the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein comprise effective amounts of Cyantraniliprole and Spinetoram, and in addition to the above actives, another active, component X. In some aspects, the component X acts to improve the efficacy of Cyantraniliprole and Spinetoram, or component X may interact with either Cyantraniliprole or Spinetoram individually to improve the efficacy. In some other aspects, the component X does not have any significant effect on the efficacy of Cyantraniliprole and Spinetoram, or itself and Cyantraniliprole or Spinetoram.

[0019] In some preferred aspects, the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein comprise effective amounts of Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram, and in addition to the above actives, another active, component X. In some aspects, the component X acts to improve the efficacy of Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram, or component X may interact with either Chlorantraniliprole or Spinetoram individually to improve the efficacy. In some other aspects, the component X does not have any significant effect on the efficacy of Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram, or itself and Chlorantraniliprole or Spinetoram.

[0020] In some aspects, the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein comprise effective amounts of Cyantraniliprole and Spinetoram and in addition, component X; component X in this case can be one or more of the following: insecticides, nematicides, acaricides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth promoters and simulants and micronutrients. Preferred components are insecticides, nematicides and fungicides.

[0021] In some aspects, the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein comprise effective amounts of Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram and in addition, component X; component X in this case can be one or more of the following: insecticides, nematicides, acaricides, fungicides, herbicides, plant growth promoters and simulants and micronutrients. Preferred components are insecticides, nematicides and fungicides.

[0022] The component X can be one or more of the following compounds: Abamectin, Acephate, Acequinocyl, Acrinathrin, Acynonapyr, Afidopyropen, Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Allethrin, c / / / ? / ?c / -Cypcrmcthrin, Amitraz, Azadirachtin, Azamethiphos, Azinphos-ethyl, Azinphos-m ethyl, Azocyclotin, Azoxy strobin, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PTA4838, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI 600, Bendiocarb, Benfuracarb, Bensultap, Benzoximate, Benzpyrimoxan, Z>e -Cyfluthrin, Z>eta-Cypermethrin, Bifenazate, Bifenthrin, Bioallethrin, Bioresmethrin, Bistrifluron, Broflanilide, Bromopropylate, Buprofezin, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Cadusafos, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Cartap hydrochloride, Chinomethionat, Chlorantraniliprole, Chlordane, Chlorethoxyfos, Chlorfenapyr, Chlorfenvinphos, Chlorfluazuron, Chlormephos, Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-methyl, Chromafenozide, Clofentezine, Clothianidin, Coumaphos, Cyanophos, Cyantraniliprole, Cyclaniliprole, Cycloprothrin, Cyenopyrafen, Cyflumetofen, Cyfluthrin, beta-Cyfluthrin, Cyhalothrin, gamma-Cyhalothrin, lambda-Cyhalothrin, Cyhexatin, Cypermethrin, Cyphenothrin, Cyromazine, d-cis-trans Allethrin, DDVP, Deltamethrin, Demeton-S-methyl, Diafenthiuron, Diazinon, Dichlorvos, Dicofol, Dicrotophos, Diflovidazin, Diflubenzuron, Dimethoate, Dimethylvinphos, Disulfoton, DNOC, d-trans Allethrin, Emamectin benzoate, Empenthrin, Endosulfan, EPN, Esfenv al erate, Ethaboxam, Ethiofencarb, Ethion, Ethiprole, Ethoprophos, Etofenprox, Famphur, Fenamiphos, Fenazaquin, Fenbutatin oxide, Fenitrothion, Fenobucarb, Fenoxycarb, Fenpropathrin, Fenpyroximate, Fenthion, Fenvalerate, Fipronil, Flonicamid, Fluacrypyrim, Flubendiamide, Flucycloxuron, Flucythrinate, Fludioxonil, Flufenoxuron, Flumethrin, Flupyradifurone, Fluopyram, Fluoxastrobin, Flupyradifurone, Fluxametamide, Formetanate, Fosthiazate, Furathiocarb, gcwma-Cyhalothrin, Halfenprox, Halofenozide, Heptenophos, Hexaflumuron, Hexythiazox, Hydramethylnon, Hydroprene, Imicyafos, Imidacloprid, Imiprothrin, Indiflin, Indoxacarb, Inpyrfluxam, Ipconazole, Isocycloseram, Isofenphos, Isoprocarb, Isoxathion, Kadethrin, Kinoprene, / t»n / ?t / «-Cyhalothrin, Lepimectin, Lufenuron, Malathion, Mancozeb, Mecarbam, Metaflumizone, Metalaxyl, Metalaxyl-M, Methamidophos, Methidathion, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Methoprene, Methoxychlor, Methoxyfenozide, Metolcarb, Mevinphos, Milbemectin, Monocrotophos, Naled, Novaluron, Noviflumuron, Omethoate, Oxamyl, Oxathiapiprolin, Oxydemeton-methyl, Parathion, Parathion- methyl, Penicillium bilaiae, Penflufen, Permethrin, Phenothrin, Phenthoate, Phorate, Phosalone, Phosmet, Phosphamidon, Phoxim, Picoxystrobin, Pirimicarb, Pirimiphos-methyl, Prallethrin, Profenofos, Propargite, Propetamphos, Propoxur, Prothioconazole, Prothiofos, Pydiflumetofen, Pyflubumide, Pymetrozine, Pyraclofos, Pyrethrum, Pyridaben, Pyridalyl, Pyridaphenthion, Pyrifluquinazon, Pyrimidifen, Pyriproxyfen, Quinalphos, Resmethrin, Rotenone, Sedaxane, Silafluofen, Spidoxamat, Spinetoram, Spinosad, Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, Spirotetramat, Sulfluramid, Sulfotep, Sulfoxaflor, taz / -Fluvalinate, Tebufenozide, Tebufenpyrad, Tebupirimfos, Teflubenzuron, Tefluthrin, Temephos, Terbufos, Tetrachlorvinphos, Tetradifon, Tetramethrin, Tetraniliprole, t / ze -cypermethrin, Thiabendazole, Thiocyclam, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Thiomethoxam, Thiometon, Thiosultap-sodium, Tolfenpyrad, Tralomethrin, Transfluthrin, Triazamate, Triazophos, Trichlorfon, Triflumezopyrim, Triflumuron, Trimethacarb, Vamidothion, XMC, Xylylcarb, zeta-Cypermethrin, Bacillus thuringiensis delta endotoxins, entomopathogenic bacteria, entomopathogenic viruses and entomopathogenic fungi.

[0023] In some specific aspects, the insecticide is selected from the group consisting of Fludioxonil, Fipronil, Clothianidin, Thiamethoxam, Acetamiprid, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Thiacl oprid, Sulfoxaflor, Methiocarb, Tefluthrin, Bifenthrin, Cypermethrin, Alphacypermethrin, Spinosad, Triflumezopyrim, Flupyradifurone, Abamectin, Thiodicarb, Tetraniliprole and Tioxazafen.

[0024] In some specific aspects, the fungicide is selected from the group consisting of Azoxstrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Picoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Sedaxane, Penthiopyrad, Penflufen, Fluopyram, Fluxapyroxad, Boscalid, Oxathiapiprolin, Metalaxyl, Metalaxyl-M, Ethaboxam, Dimethomorph, Cy proconazole, Difenoconazole, Prothioconazole, Flutriafol, Thiabendazole, Ipconazole, Tebuconazole, Triadimenol, Prochloraz, Fluquinconazole, Tri ti conazole, Fludioxonil, Isocycloseram, Carboxin, Silthiofarm, Ziram, Thiram, Carbendazim, Thiophanate methyl, Fenamidone, Hymexazol and Fluazinam.

[0025] In some specific aspects, the nematicide is selected from the group consisting of Cyclobutrifluram, Fluazaindozoline, Oxamyl, Fluopyram, Fluensulfone, Avermectin, and Emamectin benzoate.

[0026] In some specific aspects, the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein comprise a biological agent selected from the group consisting of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI 600 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PTA4838.

[0027] In some other specific aspects, the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein comprise Cyantraniliprole or Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram and at least one of the following compounds: Penflufen, Prothioconazole, Metalaxyl, Imidacloprid, Pydiflumetofen, Ethaboxam, Mefonoxam, Spinosad, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI 600, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PTA4838, Tefluthrin, Lamda or gamma cyhalothrin, Fluopyram, Bacillus strain MB 1600, Ipconazole, Clothianidin, Thiamethoxam, Picoxystrobin, Flupyradifurone, Penicillium bilaiae, Cyclobutrifluram, Inpyrfluxam, Isocycloseram, Fludioxonil, Azoxystrobin, Azoxystrobin, Oxathiapiprolin, Sedaxane, Difenoconazole, Thiabendazole, Tebuconazole, Pydiflumetofen, Fipronil, Fluoxastrobin, Sluxapyroxad, Trifloxystrobin, Thiram, Fluoxapiprolin, Isoflucypram, Metconazole, Picarbutrazox, Mefentriluconazole, Fluazaindolizine, Abamectin, Burkholderia spp., Brofanilide, Cyclaniliprole, Flupyrimin, Isocycloseram and Tetraniliprole.

[0028] The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may comprise effective amounts of component X. In such instances, the weight ratio of Chlorantraniliprole or Cyantraniliprole and Spinetoram to component X is usually from 1000:500:100 to 100:500:1000; 500:250:125 to 125:250:500; 100:75:50 to 50:75:100; 75:50:25 to 25:50:75.

[0029] In some aspects, the pesticidal compositions comprising effective amounts of Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram have the following weight ratios of Chlorantraniliprole to Spinetoram:

[0030] From about 1000:1 to 1:1000; 1000:1 to 1:1000; 500:1 to 1:500 and 100:1 to 1:100. A person skilled in the art could choose appropriate end points within these ratios; for example, 50:1 to 1:50; 40:1 to 1:40; 30:1 to 1:30; 20:1 to 1:20; 10:1 to 1:10; 5:1 to 1:5; 4:1 to 1:4; 3:1 to 1:3; 2:1 to 1:2 or 1:1.

[0031] In other aspects, the pesticidal compositions comprising effective amounts of Cyantraniliprole and Spinetoram have the following weight ratios of Cyantraniliprole to Spinetoram:

[0032] From about 1000:1 to 1:1000; 1000:1 to 1:1000; 500:1 to 1:500 and 100:1 to 1:100. A person skilled in the art could choose appropriate end points within these ratios; for example, 50:1 to 1:50; 40:1 to 1:40; 30:1 to 1:30; 20:1 to 1:20; 10:1 to 1:10; 5:1 to 1:5; 4:1 to 1:4; 3:1 to 1:3; 2:1 to 1:2 or 1:1.

[0033] The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein comprise effective amounts of an anthranilamide insecticide compound and Spinetoram. The anthranilamide insecticides are ryanodine receptor modulators. Accordingly, the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein comprise either Cyantraniliprole or Chlorantraniliprole, known structurally-similar, ryanodine receptor modulators, and Spinetoram. In particular aspects, the pesticidal compositions comprise Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram.

[0034] The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may comprise and additional active agent / compound addition to either Chlorantraniliprole or Cyantraniliprole and Spinetoram. The additional active compound is an insecticide, fungicide, nematicide, acaricide or a biological agent that can bring about a pesticidal effect or modulate or enhance the plant growth, vigor, or improve any desirable plant properties.

[0035] The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may comprise the following fungicides: Azoxystrobin, Carboxin, Cyanoacetamide Oxime, copper hydroxide, Cyclobutrifluram, Difenoconazole, Dithiocarbamate, Ethaboxam, Fenpicoxamid, Florylpicoxamid, Fipronil, Fludioxonil, Fluopyram, Fluoxapiprolin, Fluoxastrobin, Fluxapyroxad, Inpyrfluxam, Isocycloseram, Isoflucypram, Ipconazole, Mefenoxam, Metalaxyl, Methylorubrum populi strain NLS0089, Methylorubrum populi strain TS601, Metconazole, Myclobutanil, Oxathiapiprolin, Penflufen, Picarbutrazox, Picoxystrobin , Propi conazole, Prothioconazole, Pydiflumetofen, Pyraclostrobin, Sedaxane, Tebuconazole, Thiabendazole, Thiram, Trifloxystrobin and Vismax. The preferred combinations of fungicides are:

[0036] 1). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Azoxystrobin;

[0037] 2). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Cyclobutrifluram;

[0038] 3). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Difenoconazole;

[0039] 4). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Ethaboxam;

[0040] 5). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Fipronil;

[0041] 6). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Fludioxonil;

[0042] 7). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Fluopyram;

[0043] 8). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Fluoxapiprolin;

[0044] 9). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Fluoxastrobin;

[0045] 10). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Fluxapyroxad;

[0046] 11). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Inpyrfluxam;

[0047] 12). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Ipconazole;

[0048] 13). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Mefenoxam;

[0049] 14). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Metalaxyl;

[0050] 15). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Oxathiapiprolin; 16). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Penflufen;

[0051] 17). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Picoxystrobin;

[0052] 18). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Propiconazole;

[0053] 19). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Prothioconazole;

[0054] 20). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Pydiflumetofen;

[0055] 21). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Pyraclostrobin;

[0056] 22). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Sedaxane;

[0057] 23). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Tebuconazole;

[0058] 24). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Thiabendazole;

[0059] 25). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Thiram; and

[0060] 26). Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Trifloxystrobin.

[0061] Preferred nematicides are selected from the group consisting of Abamectin, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain PTE-4838, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain MBI 600, Bacillus pumilus strain BU F-33, Cyclobutrifluram, Fluazaindolizine, Fluensulfone, Oxamyl and Tioxazafen.

[0062] The weight ratio of Chlorantraniliprole or Cyantraniliprole to Spinetoram is between 1:100 to 100:1. And in some specific aspects, the weight ratio of Chlorantraniliprole to Spinetoram is 1 :25 to 25 : 1. In some instances, the weight ratio of Cyantraniliprole to Spinetoram is 1 :25 to 25 : 1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of Chlorantraniliprole to Spinetoram is selected from the group consisting of ratios 1:90 to 90:1; 1:80 to 80:1; 1:70 to 70:1; 1:60 to 60:1; 1:50 to 50:1; 1:40 to 40:1: 1:30 to 30:1; 1:20 to 20:1; and 1:10 to 10:1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of Cyantraniliprole to Spinetoram is selected from the group consisting of ratios 1:90 to 90:1; 1:80 to 80:1; 1:70 to 70:1; 1:60 to 60:1; 1:50 to 50:1; 1:40 to 40:1: 1:30 to 30:1; 1:20 to 20:1; and l:10to 10:1. In some other embodiments, the weight ratio of Chlorantraniliprole to Spinetoram is selected from the group consisting of 1 : 1; 1:2; 1:3; 1 :4; 1:5; 1:6; 1:7; 1:8 and 1 :9. In some other embodiments, the weight ratio of Cyantraniliprole to Spinetoram is selected from the group consisting of 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4;1:5; 1:6; 1:7; 1:8 and The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein can be used to control, mitigate, prevent or eliminate the infestation of an insect. In some instances, the pesticidal compositions can be used to control, mitigate, prevent, reduce or eliminate the infestation of a phytopathogenic fungi.

[0063] Another aspect of the present invention is a plant propagule comprising a pesticidal compositions disclosed herein. In some instances, it is a plant propagule comprising Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram. In some other instances, it is a plant propagule comprising Cyantraniliprole and Spinetoram. In some preferred aspects, the plant propagule is a seed coated with, treated with or comprising the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein. The seeds are preferably selected from the following crops; alfalfa, corn, soybean, canola, cereals, cotton, pulse crops (field beans, field peas, lentils, kidney beans), sorghum, sunflower, or wheat.

[0064] Methods of controlling a pest, methods of protecting a plant or its environment from a pest infestation and / or methods of protecting a plant propagule or its environments for a pest or a pest infestation are within the scope of the invention disclosed herein. For example, a method of controlling a pest, where the method comprises contacting the plant, plant propagation material, soil or water, the pest, its habitat, food supply, with pesticidally-effective amounts of a pesticidal composition disclosed herein. The term “controlling” means limiting or eliminating any type of unfavorable effect of the pest on its environment including its habitat, food supply and the like. For example, controlling a pest may comprise one or more following: repelling, killing, reducing the number, reducing feeding, reducing mobility, interference with the life cycle etc.,

[0065] The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein can be used in a method to control a pest in a crop such as alfalfa, corn, soybean, canola, cereals, cotton, pulse crops (field beans, field peas, lentils, kidney beans), sorghum, sunflower, or wheat comprising contacting the pest, its food supply, habitat, breeding ground or its locus with a compositions disclosed herein.

[0066] Disclosed herein is also a method of protecting a plant or plant propagation material from pests comprising contacting the plant propagation materials with a pesticidal compositions disclosed herein. Contacting, for examples, involves any of the known methods in the art including coating, dipping, dusting, applying on, mixing the pesticide compositions with the plant propagation material. The preferred plant propagation material is a seed.

[0067] The following details are additionally provided:

[0068] Id. A pesticidal composition comprising effective amounts of : A) insecticides selected from the group consisting of Chlorantraniliprole and Cyantraniliprole; and

[0069] B) Spinetoram; against at least one of the pests selected from the group consisting of insects, fungi, acari and nematodes, and wherein A) and B) are present in a weight ratio of 1 : 100 to 100: 1.

[0070] 2d. The pesticidal composition according to Id, wherein the insecticide is Chlorantraniliprole.

[0071] 3d. The pesticidal composition according to Id; wherein the insecticide is Cyantraniliprole.

[0072] 4d. The pesticidal composition according to 1 d-3d, further comprising an additional active compound.

[0073] 5d. The pesticidal composition of 4d, wherein the additional active compound is an insecticide, fungicide, nematicide, acaricide or a biological agent.

[0074] 6d. The pesticidal composition according to Id, 2d and 4d, wherein Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram are present in a weight ratio of 1 :25 to 25: 1.

[0075] 7d. The pesticidal composition according to ld-6d, comprising at least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of Azoxystrobin, Carboxin, cyanoacetamide oxime, copper hydroxide, Cyclobutrifluram, Difenoconazole, Dithiocarbamate, Ethaboxam, Fenpicoxamid, Florylpicoxamid, Fipronil, Fludioxonil, Fluopyram, Fluoxapiprolin, Fluoxastrobin, Fluxapyroxad, Inpyrfluxam, Isoflucypram, Ipconazole, Mefenoxam, Metalaxyl, Methylorubrum populi strain NLS0089, Methylorubrum populi strain TS601, Metconazole, Myclobutanil, Oxathiapiprolin, Penflufen, Picarbutrazox, Picoxystrobin , Propi conazole, Prothioconazole, Pydiflumetofen, Pyraclostrobin, Sedaxane, Tebuconazole, Thiabendazole, Thiram, Trifloxystrobin and Vismax.

[0076] 8d. The pesticidal composition according to ld-6d, comprising at least one nematicide selected from the group consisting of Abamectin, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain PTE-4838, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain MBI 600, Bacillus pumilus strain BUF-33, Cyclobutrifluram, Fluazaindolizine, Fluensulfone, Oxamyl and Tioxazafen.

[0077] 9d. The pesticidal composition according to Id, 2d, 4d-8d comprising Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Metalaxyl. lOd. The pesticidal composition according to Id, 3d, 4d, 5d, 7d and 8d, comprising Cyantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Metalaxyl. 1 Id. The pesticidal composition according any of Id-lOd, wherein the pest is an insect.

[0078] 12d. The pesticidal composition according to any of Id-lOd, wherein the pest is a fungi.

[0079] 13d. A plant propagule comprising the pesticidal composition according to any of Id-lOd.

[0080] 14d. The plant propagule according to 13d, wherein the plant propagule is a seed.

[0081] 15d. The seed according to 14d, wherein the seed is selected from the following crops: a) soybean b) maize c) canola d) rice e) cotton f) oil seed rape g) corn h) sunflower i) canola and j) wheat.

[0082] 16d. A method of controlling a pest wherein the method comprises contacting the plant, plant propagation material, soil or water, the pests, their habitat, or food supply with a pesticidally - effective amount of a pesticidal composition according to any of Id-lOd.

[0083] 17d. A method for controlling pests in alfalfa, com, soybean, canola, cereals, cotton, pulse crops (field beans, field peas, lentils, kidney beans), sorghum, sunflower, or wheat comprising contacting the pest, its food supply, habitat, breeding ground or its locus with a composition according Id-lOd to effectuate the controlling.

[0084] 18d. The method according to 16d-17d, wherein the pest is selected from the group consisting of phytopathogenic fungi, insects, acari and nematodes.

[0085] 19d. A Seed, comprising the pesticidal composition according Id-lOd in an amount of from

[0086] 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed.

[0087] 20d. A method of protecting plants from an attack or infestation by insects, acarids or nematodes comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing with a pesticidally-effective amount of a composition according to Id-lOd.

[0088] 2 Id. A method of protection of plant propagation material from pests comprising contacting the plant propagation material with a composition according any of Id-lOd.

[0089] 22d. The method of 2 Id, wherein the plant propagation material is a seed.

[0090] 23d. Use of a pesticidal composition according to Id-lOd for combating invertebrate pests, combating phytopathogenic fungi, improving health of pants and / or increasing yield, or protecting plants against attack and / or infestation by invertebrate pests or against infection by phytopathogenic fungi.

[0091] The term “pest” means an organism that is detrimental to humans, or human concerns (such as, crops, food, livestock, etc.). For example the organism can be of Phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, or Nematoda or any bacterial or fungal species or any other microorganism. Particular examples are ants, aphids, bed bugs, beetles, bristletails, caterpillars, cockroaches, crickets, earwigs, fleas, flies, grasshoppers, grubs, hornets, jassids, leafhoppers, lice, locusts, maggots, mealybugs, mites, moths, nematodes, plantbugs, planthoppers, psyllids, sawflies, scales, silverfish, slugs, snails, spiders, springtails, stink bugs, symphylans, termites, thrips, ticks, wasps, whiteflies, and wireworms; Fusarium species, Botrytis species, Altemaria species, Colletotrichum species, Rust fungi, Pythium species and phytopthora species; Meloidogyne species, Heterodera species, Pratylenchus species, Xiphinema species.

[0092] Additional examples are pests in:

[0093] (1) Subphyla Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and Hexapoda.

[0094] (2) Classes of Arachnida, Symphyla, and Insecta.

[0095] (3) Order Anoplura. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Haematopinus spp., Hoplopleura spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Polyplax spp., Solenopotes spp., and Neohaematopinis spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Haematopinus asini. Haematopinus suis, Linognathus setosus, Linognathus ovillus, Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus humanus, and Pthirus pubis.

[0096] (4) Order Coleoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Acanthoscelides spp., Agriotes spp., Anthonomus spp., Apion spp., Apogonia spp., Araecerus spp., Aulacophora spp., Bruchus spp., Cerosterna spp., Cerotoma spp., Ceutorhynchus spp., Chaetocnema spp., Colaspis spp., Ctenicera spp., Curculio spp., Cyclocephala spp., Diabrotica spp., Dinoderus spp., Gnathocerus spp., Hemicoelus spp., Heterobostruchus spp., Hypera spp., Ips spp., Lyctus spp., Megascelis spp., Meligethes spp., Mezium spp., Niptus spp., Otiorhynchus spp., Pantomorus spp., Phyllophaga spp., Phyllotreta spp., Ptinus spp., Rhizotrogus spp., Rhynchites spp., Rhynchophorus spp., Scolytus spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sit ophilus spp., Tenebrio spp., and Tribolium spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Agrilus planipennis, Ahasverus advena, Alphitobius diaperinus, Anoplophora glabripennis, Anthonomus grandis, Anthrenus verbasci, Anthrenus falvipes, Ataenius spretulus, Atomaria linearis, Attagenus unicolor, Bothynoderes punctiventris, Bruchus pisorum, Calloso bruchus maculatus, Carpophilus hemipterus, Cassida vittata, Cathartus quadricollis, Cerotoma trifurcata, Ceutorhynchus assimilis, Ceutorhynchus napi, Conoderus scalaris, Conoderus stigmosus, Conotrachelus nenuphar, Cotinis nitida, Crioceris asparagi, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Cryptolestes turcicus, Cylindrocopturus adspersus, Deporaus marginatus, Dermestes lardarius. Dermestes maculatus, Epilachna varivestis, Euvrilletta peltata, Faustinas cubae, Hylobius pales Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus hampei, Lasioderma serricorne, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Limonius canus, Liogenys fuscus, Liogenys suturalis, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lophocateres pusillus, Lyctus planicollis, Maecolaspis joliveti, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha melolontha, Necrobia rufipes, Oberea brevis, Oberea linearis, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus mercator, Oryzaephihis surinamensis, Oulema melanopus, Oulema oryzae, Phyllophaga cuyabana, Polycaon stoutti, Popillia japonica, Prostephanus truncatus, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitona lineatus, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum, Tenebroides mauritanicus, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum, Trogoderma granarium, Trogoderma variabile, Xestobium rufovillosum, and Zabrus tenebrioides .

[0097] (5) Order Dermaptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Forficula auricularia.

[0098] (6) Order Blattaria. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinai, Blatta orientalis, Blatta lateralis, Parcoblatta pennsylvanica, Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Pycnoscelus surinamensis, and Supella longipalpa.

[0099] (7) Order Diptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Aedes spp., Agromyza spp., Anastrepha spp., Anopheles spp., Bactrocera spp., Ceratitis spp., Chrysops spp., Cochliomyia spp., Contarinia spp., Cidex spp., Culicoides spp., Dasineura spp., Delia spp., Drosophila spp., Fannia spp., Hylemya spp., Liriomyza spp., Musca spp., Phorbia spp., Pollenia spp., Psychoda spp., Simulium spp., Tabanus spp., and Tipula spp. A non- exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Agromyza frontella, Anastrepha suspensa, Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqua, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera invadens, Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis capitata, Dasineura brassicae, Delia platura, Fannia canicularis, Fannia scalaris, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Gracillia perseae, Haematobia irritans, Hypoderma lineatum, Liriomyza brassicae, Liriomyza sativa, Melophagus ovinus, Musca autumnalis, Musca domestica, Oestrus ovis, Oscinella frit, Pegomya betae, Piophila casei, Psila rosae, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Rhagoletis mendax, Sitodiplosis mosellana, and Stomoxys calcitrans. (8) Order Hemiptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Adelges spp., Aulacaspis spp., Aphrophora spp., Aphis spp., Bemisia spp., Ceroplastes spp., Chionaspis spp., Chrysomphalus spp., Coccus spp., Empoasca spp., Euschistus spp., Lepidosaphes spp., Lagynotomus spp., Lygus spp., Macrosiphum spp., Nephotettix spp., Nezara spp., Nilaparvata spp., Philaenus spp., Phytocoris spp., Piezodorus spp., Pianococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Saissetia spp., Therioaphis spp., Toumeyella spp., Toxoptera spp., Trialeurodes spp., Triatoma spp., and Unaspis spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Acrosternum hilare, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurodicus dispersus, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Amrasca biguttula biguttida, Aonidiella aurantii, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis glycines, Aphis pomi, Aulacorthum solani, Bactericera cockerelli, Bagrada hilaris, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Blissus leucopterus, Boisea trivittata, Brachycorynella asparagi, Brevennia rehi, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla pyri, Cacopsylla pyricola, Calocoris norvegicus, Ceroplastes rubens, Cimex hemipterus, Cimex lectularius, Coccus pseudomagnoliarum, Dagbertus fasciatus, Dichelops furcatus, Diuraphis noxia, Diaphorina citri, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysdercus suturellus, Edessa meditabunda, Empoasca vitis, Eriosoma lanigerum, Erythroneura elegantula, Eurygaster maura, Euschistus conspersus, Euschistus her os, Euschistus servus, Halyomorpha halys, Helopeltis antonii, Hyalopterus pruni, Helopeltis antonii, Helopeltis theivora, Icerya purchasi, Idioscopus nitidulus, Jacobiasca formosana, Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium corni, Leptocorisa oratorius, Leptocorisa varicornis, Lygus hesperus, Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum granarium, Macrosiphum rosae, Macrosteles quadrilineatus, Mahanarvafrimbiolata, Megacopta cribraria, Metopolophium dirhodum, Mictis longicornis, Myzus persicae, Nasonovia ribisnigri, Nephotettix cincticeps, Neurocolpus longirostris, Nezara viridula, Nilaparvata lugens, Paracoccus marginatus, Paratri oza cockerelli, Parlatoria pergandii, Parlatoria ziziphi, Peregrinus maidis, Phylloxera vitifoliae, Physokermes piceae, Phytocoris californicus, Phytocoris relativus, Piezodorus guildinii, Pianococcus citri, Pianococcus ficus, Poecilocapsus lineatus, Psallus vaccinicola, Pseudacysta perseae, Pseudococcus brevipes, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Saissetia oleae, Scaptocoris castanea, Schizaphis graminum, Sitobion avenae, Sogatella furcifera, Trialeurodes vapor ar iorum, Trialeurodes abutiloneus, Unaspis yanonensis, n Zulia entrerriana. (9) Order Hymenoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Acromyrmex spp., Atta spp., Camponotus spp., Diprion spp., Dolichovespula spp., Formica spp., Monomorium spp., Neodiprion spp., Paratrechina spp., Pheidole spp., Pogonomyrmex spp., Polistes spp., Solenopsis spp., Technomyrmex, spp., Tetramorium spp., Vespula spp., Vespa spp., and Xylocopa spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Athalia rosae, Atta texana, Caliroa cerasi, Cimbex americana, Iridomyrmex humilis, Linepithema humile, Mellifera Scutellata, Monomorium minimum, Monomorium pharaonis, Neodiprion sertifer, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis geminala, Solenopsis molesta, Solenopsis richtery, Solenopsis xyloni, Tapinoma sessile, and Wasmannia auropunctata.

[0100] (10) Order Isoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Coptotermes spp., Cornitermes spp., Cryptotermes spp., Heterotermes spp., Kalotermes spp., Incisitermes spp., Macrotermes spp., Marginitermes spp., Microcerotermes spp., Procornitermes spp., Reticulitermes spp., Schedorhinotermes spp., and Zootermopsis spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Coptotermes acinaciformis, Coptotermes curvignathus, Coptotermes frenchi, Coptotermes formosanus, Coptotermes gestroi, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes aureus, Heterotermes tenuis, Incisitermes minor, Incisitermes snyderi, Microtermes obesi, Nasutitermes corniger, Odontotermes formosanus, Odontotermes obesus, Reticulitermes banyulensis, Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes jlavipes, Reticulitermes hageni, Reticulitermes hesperus, Reticulitermes santonensis, Reticulitermes speratus, Reticulitermes tibialis, and Reticulitermes virginicus.

[0101] (11) Order Lepidoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Adoxophyes spp., Agrotis spp., Argyrotaenia spp., Cacoecia spp., Caloptilia spp., Chilo spp., Chrysodeixis spp., Colias spp., Crambus spp., Diaphania spp., Diatraea spp., Earias spp., Ephestia spp., Epimecis spp., Feltia spp., Gortyna spp., Helicoverpa spp., Heliothis spp., Indarbela spp., Lithocolletis spp., Loxagrotis spp., Malacosoma spp., Nemapogon spp., Peridroma spp., Phyllonorycter spp., Pseudaletia spp., Plutella spp., Sesamia spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp., and Yponomeuta spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Achaea janata, Adoxophyes orana, Agrotis ipsilon, Alabama argillacea, Amorbia cuneana, Amyelois transitella, Anacamptodes defectaria, Anarsia lineatelia, Anomis sabulifera, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Archips argyrospila, Archips rosana, Argyrotaenia citrana, Autographa gamma, Bonagota cranaodes, Borbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Capua reticulana, Carposina niponensis, Chlumetia transver sa, Choristoneura rosaceana, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Conopomorpha cramerella, Corcyra cephalonica, Cossus cossus, Cydia ca y na, Cydia funebrana, Cydia molesta, Cydia nigricana, Cydia pomonella, Darna diducta, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea saccharalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Earias vittella, Ecdytolopha aurantianum, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Ephestia cautella, Ephestia elutella, Ephestia kuehniella, Epinotia aporema, Epiphyas postvittana, Erionota thrax, Estigmene acrea, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euxoa auxiliaris, Galleria mellonella, Grapholita molesta, Hedylepta indicata, Helicoverpa armigera, Helicoverpa zea, Heliothis virescens, Hellula undalis, Keiferia lycopersicella, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera malifoliella, Lobesia botrana, Loxagrotis albicosta, Lymantria dispar, Lyonetia clerkella, Mahasena corbetti, Mamestra brassicae, Manduca sexta, Maruca testulalis, Metisa plana, Mythimna unipuncta, Neoleucinodes elegantalis, Nymphula depunctalis, Operophtera brumata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Oxydia vesulia, Pandemis cerasana, Pandemis heparana, Papilio demodocus, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Perileucoptera coffeella, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Phyllonorycter blancardella, Pieris rapae, Plathypena scabra, Platynota idaeusalis, Plodia interpunctella, Plutella xylostella, Polychrosis viteana, Prays endocarpa, Prays oleae, Pseudaletia unipuncta, Pseudoplusia includens, Rachiplusia nu, Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia inferens, Sesamia nonagrioides, Setora nitens, Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera exigua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera eridania, Thecla basilides, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Trichoplusia ni, Tula absoluta, Zeuzera coffeae, and Zeuzea pyrina.

[0102] (12) Order Mallophaga. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Anaticola spp., Bovicola spp., Chelopistes spp., Goniodes spp., Menacanthus spp., and Trichodectes spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Bovicola bovis, Bovicola caprae, Bovicola ovis, Chelopistes meleagridis, Goniodes dissimilis, Goniodes gigas, Menacanthus stramineus, Menopon gallinae, and Trichodectes canis.

[0103] (13) Order Orthoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Melanoplus spp. and Pterophylla spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Acheta domesticus, Anabrus simplex, Gryllotalpa africana, Gryllotalpa australis, Gryllotalpa brachyptera, Gryllotalpa hexadactyla, Locusta migratoria, Microcentrum retinerve, Schistocerca gregaria, and Scudderia furcata. (14) Order Psocoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Liposcelis decolor, Liposcelis entomophila, Lachesilla quercus, and Trogium pulsatorium.

[0104] (15) Order Siphonaptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Ceratophyllus gallinae, Ceratophyllus niger, Ctenocephalides canis, Ctenocephalides fells, and Pulex irritans.

[0105] (16) Order Thysanoptera. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Caliothrips spp., Frankliniella spp., Scirtothrips spp., and Thrips spp. A non- exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Caliothrips phaseoli, Frankliniella hispinosa, Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentahs, Frankliniella schnitzel, Frankliniella tritici, Frankliniella williamsi, Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Taeniothrips rhopalantennalis, Thrips hawaiiensis, Thrips nigropilosus, Thrips orientalis, Thrips palmi, and Thrips tabaci.

[0106] (17) Order Thysanura. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Lepisma spp. and Thermobia spp.

[0107] (18) Order Acarina. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Acarus spp., Aculops spp., Argus spp., Boophilus spp., Demodex spp., Dermacentor spp., Epitrimerus spp., Eriophyes spp., Ixodes spp., Oligonychus spp., Panonychus spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., and Tetranychus spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Acarapis woodi, Acarus siro, Aceria mangiferae, Aculops lycopersici, Aculus pelekassi, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyomma americanum, Brevipalpus obovatus, Brevipalpus phoenicis, Dermacentor variabilis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Eotetranychus carpini, Liponyssoides sanguineus, Notoedres cati, Oligonychus coffeae, Oligonychus ilicis, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Sarcoptes scabiei, Tegolophus perseaflorae, Tetranychus urticae, Tyrophagus longior, and I'arroa destructor.

[0108] (19) Order Araneae. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Loxosceles spp., Latrodectus spp., and P rax spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Loxosceles reclusa, Latrodectus mactans, and Atrax robustus. (20) Class Symphyla. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Scutigerella immaculata.

[0109] (21) Subclass Collembola. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Bourletiella hortensis, Onychiurus armatus, Onychiurus fimetarius, and Sminthurus viridis.

[0110] (22) Phylum Nematoda. A non-exhaustive list of particular genera includes, but is not limited to, Aphelenchoides spp., Belonolaimus spp., Criconemella spp., Ditylenchus spp., Globodera spp., Heterodera spp., Hirschmanniella spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylenchus spp., and Radopholus spp. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Dirofilaria immitis, Globodera pallida, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera zeae, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Onchocerca volvulus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Radopholus similis, and Rotylenchulus reniformis.

[0111] (23) Phylum Mollusca. A non-exhaustive list of particular species includes, but is not limited to, Arion vulgaris, Cornu aspersum, Deroceras reticulatum, Limax flavus, Milax gagates, and Pomacea canaliculata.

[0112] A particularly preferred pest group to control is sap-feeding pests. Sap-feeding pests, in general, have piercing and / or sucking mouthparts and feed on the sap and inner plant tissues of plants. Examples of sap-feeding pests of particular concern to agriculture include, but are not limited to, aphids, leafhoppers, moths, scales, thrips, psyllids, mealybugs, stinkbugs, and whiteflies. Specific examples of Orders that have sap-feeding pests of concern in agriculture include but are not limited to, Anoplura and Hemiptera. Specific examples of Hemiptera that are of concern in agriculture include, but are not limited to, Aulacaspis spp., Aphrophora spp., Aphis spp., Bemisia spp., Coccus spp., Euschistus spp., Lygus spp., Macrosiphum spp., Nezara spp., and Rhopalosiphum spp.

[0113] Another particularly preferred pest group to control is chewing pests. Chewing pests, in general, have mouthparts that allow them to chew on the plant tissue including roots, stems, leaves, buds, and reproductive tissues (including, but not limited to flowers, fruit, and seeds). Examples of chewing pests of particular concern to agriculture include, but are not limited to, caterpillars, beetles, grasshoppers, and locusts. Specific examples of Orders that have chewing pests of concern in agriculture include but are not limited to, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. Specific examples of Coleoptera that are of concern in agriculture include, but are not limited to, Anthonomus spp., Cerotoma spp., Chaetocnema spp., Colaspis spp., Cyclocephala spp., Diabrotica spp., Hypera spp., Phyllophaga spp., Phyllotreta spp., Sphenophorus spp., Sitophilus spp.

[0114] The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein can be used reduce, eliminate, prevent or control fungal pathogens. Exemplary fungal pathogens are selected from Zymoseptoria tritici, Cochliobolus sativus, Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis, Venturia inaequalis, Ustilago maydis, Uncinula necator, Rhynchos- porium commune, Magnaporthe grisea, Phakopsora pachy- rhizi, Parastagonospora nodorum, Glomerella lagenarium, Cercospora beticola, Alternaria solani, Pyrenophora teres, Blumeria graminisf. sp. tritici, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Fusarium virguliforme, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, and Botrytis cinerea.

[0115] Accordingly, the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein can be used to control, eliminate, prevent or reduce the following fungal diseases: Septoria Leaf Blotch of Wheat (Zymoseptoria tritici), Spot Blotch of Barley (Cochliobolus sativus), Wheat Brown Rust (Puccinia triticina), Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis), Scab of Apple (Venturia inaequalis), Blister Smut of Maize (Ustilago maydis), Powdery Mildew of Grapevine (Uncinula necator), Leaf Blotch of Barley (Rhynchosporium commune), Blast of Rice Magnaporthe grisea), Asian Soy bean Rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), Glume Blotch of Wheat (Parastagonospora nodorum), Anthracnose of Cucurbits (Glomerella lagenarium), Leaf Spot of Beet (Cercospora beticola), Early Blight of Tomato (Alternaria solani), Net Blotch of Barley (Pyrenophora teres), Powdery Mildew of Wheat (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici), Powdery Mildew of Barley (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei), Powdery Mildew of Cucurbits (Erysiphe cichoracearum), Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean (Fusarium virguliforme), Collar Rot or Damping-Off of Seedlings (Rhizoctonia solani), Root Rot (Pythium ultimum), and Grey Mold (Botrytis cinerea)

[0116] Formulations

[0117] A pesticide may not be suitable for application in its pure form. Generally, it is necessary to add other substances so that the pesticide may be used at an appropriate concentration and in an appropriate form, permitting ease of application, handling, transportation, storage, and maximum pesticide activity. Thus, pesticides are formulated into, for example, baits, concentrated emulsions, dusts, emulsifiable concentrates, fumigants, gels, granules, microencapsulations, seed treatments, suspension concentrates, suspoemulsions, tablets, water soluble liquids, water dispersible granules or dry flowables, wettable powders, and ultra-low volume solutions.

[0118] Pesticides are applied most often as aqueous suspensions or emulsions prepared from concentrated formulations of such pesticides. Such water-soluble, water-suspendable, or emulsifiable formulations are either solids, usually known as wettable powders, water dispersible granules, liquids usually known as emulsifiable concentrates, or aqueous suspensions. Wettable powders, which may be compacted to form water dispersible granules, comprise an intimate mixture of the pesticide, a carrier, and surfactants. Generally, the concentration of the pesticide is from about 10% to about 90% by weight. The carrier can be selected from among the attapulgite clays, the montmorillonite clays, the diatomaceous earths, or the purified silicates. Effective surfactants, comprising from about 0.5% to about 10% of the wettable powder, are found among sulfonated lignins, condensed naphthalenesulfonates, naphthalenesulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkyl sulfates, and non-ionic surfactants such as ethylene oxide adducts of alkyl phenols.

[0119] Emulsifiable concentrates of pesticides comprise a convenient concentration of a pesticide, such as from about 50 to about 500 grams per liter of liquid dissolved in a carrier that is either a water miscible solvent or a mixture of water-immiscible organic solvent and emulsifiers. Useful organic solvents include aromatics, especially xylenes and petroleum fractions, especially the high-boiling naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphtha. Other organic solvents may also be used, such as the terpenic solvents including rosin derivatives, aliphatic ketones such as cyclohexanone, and complex alcohols such as 2-ethoxy ethanol. Suitable emulsifiers for emulsifiable concentrates are selected from conventional anionic and non-ionic surfactants.

[0120] Aqueous suspensions comprise suspensions of water-insoluble pesticides dispersed in an aqueous carrier at a concentration in the range from about 5% to about 50% by weight. Suspensions are prepared by finely grinding the pesticide and vigorously mixing it into a carrier comprised of water and surfactants. Ingredients, such as inorganic salts and synthetic or natural gums may, also be added to increase the density and viscosity of the aqueous carrier. It is often most effective to grind and mix the pesticide at the same time by preparing the aqueous mixture and homogenizing it in an implement such as a sand mill, ball mill, or piston-type homogenizer. The pesticide in suspension might be microencapsulated in plastic polymer.

[0121] Oil dispersions (OD) comprise suspensions of organic solvent-insoluble pesticides finely dispersed in a mixture of organic solvent and emulsifiers at a concentration of from about 2% to about 50% by weight. One or more pesticide might be dissolved in the organic solvent. Useful organic solvents include aromatics, especially xylenes and petroleum fractions, especially the high-boiling naphthalenic and olefinic portions of petroleum such as heavy aromatic naphtha. Other solvents may include vegetable oils, seed oils, and esters of vegetable and seed oils. Suitable emulsifiers for oil dispersions are selected from conventional anionic and non-ionic surfactants. Thickeners or gelling agents are added in the formulation of oil dispersions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets.

[0122] Pesticides may also be applied as granular compositions that are particularly useful for applications to the soil. Granular compositions usually contain from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of the pesticide, dispersed in a carrier that comprises clay or a similar substance. Such compositions are usually prepared by dissolving the pesticide in a suitable solvent and applying it to a granular carrier, which has been pre-formed to the appropriate particle size, in the range of from about 0.5 mm to about 3 mm. Such compositions may also be formulated by making a dough or paste of the carrier and molecule, and then crushing and drying to obtain the desired granular particle size. Another form of granules is a water emulsifiable granule (EG). It is a formulation consisting of granules to be applied as a conventional oil-in-water emulsion of the active ingredient(s), either solubilized or diluted in an organic solvent, after disintegration and dissolution in water. Water emulsifiable granules comprise one or several active ingredient(s), either solubilized or diluted in a suitable organic solvent that is (are) absorbed in a water-soluble polymeric shell or some other type of soluble or insoluble matrix.

[0123] Dusts containing a pesticide are prepared by intimately mixing the pesticide in powdered form with a suitable dusty agricultural carrier, such as kaolin clay, ground volcanic rock, and the like. Dusts can suitably contain from about 1% to about 10% of the pesticide. Dusts may be applied as a seed dressing or as a foliage application with a dust blower machine. Additionally, it may be practical to apply a pesticide in the form of a solution in an appropriate organic solvent, usually petroleum oil, such as the spray oils, which are widely used in agricultural chemistry.

[0124] Pesticides can also be applied in the form of an aerosol composition. In such compositions, the pesticide is dissolved or dispersed in a carrier, which is a pressure-generating propellant mixture. The aerosol composition is packaged in a container from which the mixture is dispensed through an atomizing valve.

[0125] Pesticide baits are formed when the pesticide is mixed with food or an attractant or both. When the pests eat the bait, they also consume the pesticide. Baits may take the form of granules, gels, flowable powders, liquids, or solids. Baits may be used in pest harborages.

[0126] Fumigants are pesticides that have a relatively high vapor pressure and hence can exist as a gas in sufficient concentrations to kill pests in soil or enclosed spaces. The toxicity of the fumigant is proportional to its concentration and the exposure time. They are characterized by a good capacity for diffusion and act by penetrating the pest’s respiratory system or being absorbed through the pest’s cuticle. Fumigants are applied to control stored product pests under gas proof sheets, in gas sealed rooms or buildings, or in special chambers.

[0127] Pesticides may be microencapsulated by suspending the pesticide particles or droplets in plastic polymers of various types. By altering the chemistry of the polymer or by changing factors in the processing, microcapsules may be formed of various sizes, solubility, wall thicknesses, and degrees of penetrability. These factors govern the speed with which the active ingredient within is released, which in turn, affects the residual performance, speed of action, and odor of the product. The microcapsules might be formulated as suspension concentrates or water dispersible granules.

[0128] Oil solution concentrates are made by dissolving pesticide in a solvent that will hold the pesticide in solution. Oil solutions of a pesticide usually provide faster knockdown and kill of pests than other formulations due to the solvents themselves having pesticidal action and the dissolution of the waxy covering of the integument increasing the speed of uptake of the pesticide. Other advantages of oil solutions include better storage stability, better penetration of crevices, and better adhesion to greasy surfaces.

[0129] Another embodiment is an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein the emulsion comprises oily globules which are each provided with a lamellar liquid crystal coating and are dispersed in an aqueous phase, wherein each oily globule comprises at least one molecule which is agriculturally active, and is individually coated with a monolameliar or oligolamellar layer comprising: (1) at least one non-ionic lipophilic surface-active agent, (2) at least one non-ionic hydrophilic surface-active agent, and (3) at least one ionic surface-active agent, wherein the globules having a mean particle diameter of less than 800 nanometers.

[0130] Other Formulation Components

[0131] Generally, when the molecules disclosed herein are used in a formulation, such formulation can also contain other components. These components include, but are not limited to, (this is a non-exhaustive and non-mutually exclusive list) wetters, spreaders, stickers, penetrants, buffers, sequestering agents, drift reduction agents, compatibility agents, anti-foam agents, cleaning agents, and emulsifiers. A few components are described forthwith.

[0132] A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples of wetting agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations are: sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates.

[0133] A dispersing agent is a substance that adsorbs onto the surface of particles, helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles, and prevents them from reaggregating. Dispersing agents are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles redisperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates, and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersing agents have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to reaggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersing agents are sodium lignosulfonates. For suspension concentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained using polyelectrolytes, such as sodium-naphthalene-sulfonate-formaldehyde-condensates. Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate phosphate esters are also used. Non-ionics such as alkylarylethylene oxide condensates and EO- PO block copolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersing agents for suspension concentrates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersing agents. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples of dispersing agents used in agrochemical formulations are: sodium lignosulfonates, sodium naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, tristyrylphenol-ethoxylate-phosphate- esters, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl ethoxylates, EO-PO block copolymers, and graft copolymers.

[0134] An emulsifying agent is a substance that stabilizes a suspension of droplets of one liquid phase in another liquid phase. Without the emulsifying agent, the two liquids would separate into two immiscible liquid phases. The most commonly used emulsifier blends contain an alkylphenol or an aliphatic alcohol with twelve or more ethylene oxide units and the oil-soluble calcium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid. A range of hydrophile-lipophile balance (“HLB”) values from about 8 to about 18 will normally provide good, stable emulsions. Emulsion stability can sometimes be improved by the addition of a small amount of an EO-PO block copolymer surfactant.

[0135] A solubilizing agent is a surfactant that will form micelles in water at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration. The micelles are then able to dissolve or solubilize water-insoluble materials inside the hydrophobic part of the micelle. The types of surfactants usually used for solubilization are non-ionics, sorbitan monooleates, sorbitan monooleate ethoxylates, and methyl oleate esters.

[0136] Surfactants are sometimes used, either alone or with other additives such as mineral or vegetable oils as adjuvants to spray-tank mixes to improve the biological performance of the pesticide on the target. The types of surfactants used for bioenhancement depend generally on the nature and mode of action of the pesticide. However, they are often non-ionics such as: alkyl ethoxylates, linear aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, and aliphatic amine ethoxylates. A carrier or diluent in an agricultural formulation is a material added to the pesticide to give a product of the required strength. Carriers are usually materials with high absorptive capacities, while diluents are usually materials with low absorptive capacities. Carriers and diluents are used in the formulation of dusts, wettable powders, granules, and water-dispersible granules.

[0137] Organic solvents are used mainly in the formulation of emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in- water emulsions, suspoemulsions, oil dispersions, and ultra-low volume formulations, and to a lesser extent, granular formulations. Sometimes mixtures of solvents are used. The first main groups of solvents are aliphatic paraffinic oils such as kerosene or refined paraffins. The second main group (and the most common) comprises the aromatic solvents such as xylene and higher molecular weight fractions of C9 and CIO aromatic solvents. Chlorinated hydrocarbons are useful as cosolvents to prevent crystallization of pesticides when the formulation is emulsified into water. Alcohols are sometimes used as cosolvents to increase solvent power. Other solvents may include vegetable oils, seed oils, and esters of vegetable and seed oils.

[0138] Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, oil dispersions, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate and oil dispersion formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are not limited to, montmorillonite, bentonite, magnesium aluminum silicate, and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides in water-based suspension concentrates have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and seaweeds or are synthetic derivatives of cellulose. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenam, alginates, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyethylene oxide. Another good anti-settling agent is xanthan gum.

[0139] Microorganisms can cause spoilage of formulated products. Therefore, preservation agents are used to eliminate or reduce their effect. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to: propionic acid and its sodium salt, sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts, benzoic acid and its sodium salt, g-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt, methyl p- hydroxybenzoate, and l,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT).

[0140] The presence of surfactants often causes water-based formulations to foam during mixing operations in production and in application through a spray tank. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before fdling into bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane, while the nonsilicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

[0141] “Green” agents (e.g., adjuvants, surfactants, solvents) can reduce the overall environmental footprint of crop protection formulations. Green agents are biodegradable and generally derived from natural and / or sustainable sources, e.g. plant and animal sources. Specific examples are: vegetable oils, seed oils, and esters thereof, also alkoxylated alkyl polyglucosides.

[0142] Applications

[0143] Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may be applied to any locus. Particular loci to apply such Pesticidal compositions include loci where alfalfa, almonds, apples, barley, beans, canola, corn, cotton, crucifers, flowers, fodder species (Rye Grass, Sudan Grass, Tall Fescue, Kentucky Blue Grass, and Clover), fruits, lettuce, oats, oil seed crops, oranges, peanuts, pears, peppers, potatoes, rice, sorghum, soybeans, strawberries, sugarcane, sugarbeets, sunflowers, tobacco, tomatoes, wheat (for example, Hard Red Winter Wheat, Soft Red Winter Wheat, White Winter Wheat, Hard Red Spring Wheat, and Durum Spring Wheat), and other valuable crops are growing or the seeds thereof are going to be planted. “Locus” refers to a specific location or site where a pest in present or where a pest is likely to be present. For example, agricultural fields, gardens, homes, animals (livestock or pets), or other areas where pests are commonly found can be such a locus.

[0144] Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may also be applied where plants, such as crops, are growing and where there are low levels (even no actual presence) of pests that can commercially damage such plants. Applying Pesticidal compositions in such locus is to benefit the plants being grown in such locus. Such benefits, may include, but are not limited to: helping the plant grow a better root system; helping the plant better withstand stressful growing conditions; improving the health of a plant; improving the yield of a plant (e.g. increased biomass and / or increased content of valuable ingredients); improving the vigor of a plant (e.g. improved plant growth and / or greener leaves); improving the quality of a plant (e.g. improved content or composition of certain ingredients); and improving the tolerance to abiotic and / or biotic stress of the plant.

[0145] Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may be applied with ammonium sulfate when growing various plants as this may provide additional benefits.

[0146] Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may be applied on, in, or around plants genetically modified to express specialized traits, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (for example, Cry 1 Ab, Cry 1 Ac, CrylFa, Cry 1 A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Abl / Cry35Abl), other insecticidal toxins, or those expressing herbicide tolerance, or those with “stacked” foreign genes expressing insecticidal toxins, herbicide tolerance, nutritionenhancement, or any other beneficial traits.

[0147] The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein can be used as a soil treatment, crop plant treatment or seed treatment.

[0148] The soil treatment can be either in furrow application or application to the pests dwelling place or nest. The applications rates of the active ingredients for these application ranges from 0.0001-500 g per 100 m2, preferably from 0.001 to 20g per 100 m2. Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may also be applied to the soil, and when applied in this manner, root and stem feeding pests may be controlled. The roots may absorb such molecules thereby taking it up into the foliar portions of the plant to control above ground chewing and sap feeding pests.

[0149] Treating crop plants can be done by foliar application. The rate of application of the active ingredients of the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein can be in the range of 0.0001g to 4000g / hectare; it can range from 1 g to 2 kg per hectare or from 1 g to 750 g per hectare, desirably from 1 g to 100 g per hectare, more desirably from 10 g to 50 g per hectare, e.g., 10 to 20 g per hectare, 20 to 30 g per hectare, 30 to 40 g per hectare, or 40 to 50 g per hectare. Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may be applied to the foliar and / or fruiting portions of plants to control pests. Either such compositions will come in direct contact with the pest, or the pest will consume such molecules when eating the plant or while extracting sap or other nutrients from the plant.

[0150] The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein are particularly suitable for the use as a seed application, for example in the treatment of seeds to protect the seeds from pests such as insects, fungi or nematodes, and to protect the resulting seedling’s roots and shoots from the above pests. The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein also relate to method for protection of seeds from pests. Such a method comprises the step of treating the seed before sowing and / or after pregermination with the pesticidal compositions comprising effective amounts of Chorantraniliprole or Cyanatraniliprole and Spinetoram.

[0151] The term “seed treatment” comprises all known methods of treating a seed, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed pelleting, and in-furrow application methods. The preferred method of application involves the application of the pesticidal composition disclosed herein by spraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing of the plants and before emergence of the plants.

[0152] Seed treatments may be applied to all types of seeds, including those from which plants genetically modified to express specialized traits will germinate. Representative examples include those expressing proteins toxic to invertebrate pests, such as Bacillus thuringiensis or other insecticidal toxins, those expressing herbicide tolerance, such as “Roundup Ready” seed, or those with “stacked” foreign genes expressing insecticidal toxins, herbicide tolerance, nutritionenhancement, drought tolerance, or any other beneficial traits. Furthermore, such seed treatments with pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may further enhance the ability of a plant to withstand stressful growing conditions better. This results in a healthier, more vigorous plant, which can lead to higher yields at harvest time. Generally, about 1 gram of such molecules to about 500 grams per 100,000 seeds is expected to provide good benefits, amounts from about 10 grams to about 100 grams per 100,000 seeds is expected to provide better benefits, and amounts from about 25 grams to about 75 grams per 100,000 seeds is expected to provide even better benefits.

[0153] Provided herewith is a seed coated with or comprising the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein. Generally, the seed is coated with the pesticidal compositions. The term “coated with and / or comprising” generally means that the pesticidal compositions is for the most part on the surface of the seed at the time of the application. Greater or lesser amounts of pesticidal compositions may penetrate into the seed, depending on the method of application. When the seed is planted, it may absorb the pesticidal composition.

[0154] Suitable seed is for example, seed of cereals, root crops, oil crops, vegetables, spices, ornamentals, for example seed of durum and other wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize (fodder maize and sugar maize , sweet and field corn), soybeans, oil crops, crucifers, cotton, sunflowers, bananas, rice, oilseed rape, turnip rape, sugarbeet, fodder beet, eggplants, potatoes, grass, lawn, turf, fodder grass, tomatoes, leeks, pumpkin / squash, cabbage, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumbers, melons, Brassica species, melons, beans, peas, garlic, onions, carrots, tuberous plants such as potatoes, sugar cane, tobacco, grapes, petunias, geranium / pelargoniums, pansies and impatiens.

[0155] Also provided herewith a plant propagation material, preferably seed, comprising the active ingredients of the pesticidal compositions disclosed herein. The amount of the active ingredients of the present invention will in general vary from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, more preferably from 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seed, and in particular from 1g to 100 g per 100 kg of seed. For specific crops such as lettuce the rate can be higher. In one embodiment, the plant propagation material comprises a pesticidal mixture or an agrochemical composition according to the disclosure herein. The pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may also be used for improving the health of a plant. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for improving plant health by treating a plant, plant propagation material and / or the locus where the plant is growing or is to grow with an effective and non-phytotoxic amount of a pesticidal composition disclosed herein.

[0156] Systemic movement of pesticides in plants may be utilized to control pests on one portion of the plant by applying (for example by spraying a locus) pesticidal compositions disclosed herein to a different portion of the plant. For example, control of foliar-feeding insects may be achieved by drip irrigation or furrow application, by treating the soil with for example pre- or post-planting soil drench, or by treating the seeds of a plant before planting.

[0157] Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may be used with baits. Generally, with baits, the baits are placed in the ground where, for example, termites can come into contact with, and / or be attracted to, the bait. Baits can also be applied to a surface of a building, (horizontal, vertical, or slant surface) where, for example, ants, termites, cockroaches, and flies, can come into contact with, and / or be attracted to, the bait. Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may be encapsulated inside or placed on the surface of a capsule. The size of the capsules can range from nanometer size (about 100-900 nanometers in diameter) to micrometer size (about 10-900 microns in diameter).

[0158] Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may be applied to eggs of pests. Because of the unique ability of the eggs of some pests to resist certain pesticides, repeated applications of such molecules may be desirable to control newly emerged larvae.

[0159] Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may be applied with one or more active ingredients in a soil amendment.

[0160] Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may be used for controlling endoparasites and ectoparasites in the veterinary medicine sector or in the field of non-human-animal keeping. Such molecules may be applied by oral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drinks, granules, by dermal application in the form of, for example, dipping, spraying, pouring on, spotting on, and dusting, and by parenteral administration in the form of, for example, an injection.

[0161] Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may also be employed advantageously in livestock keeping, for example, cattle, chickens, geese, goats, pigs, sheep, and turkeys. They may also be employed advantageously in pets such as, horses, dogs, and cats. Particular pests to control would be flies, fleas, and ticks that are bothersome to such animals. Suitable formulations are administered orally to the animals with the drinking water or feed. The dosages and formulations that are suitable depend on the species.

[0162] Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may also be used for controlling parasitic worms, especially of the intestine, in the animals listed above.

[0163] Pesticidal compositions herein may also be employed in therapeutic methods for human health care. Such methods include, but are limited to, oral administration in the form of, for example, tablets, capsules, drinks, granules, and by dermal application.

[0164] Pesticidal compositions disclosed herein may also be applied to invasive pests. Pests around the world have been migrating to new environments (for such pests) and thereafter becoming a new invasive species in such new environment. Such molecules may also be used on such new invasive species to control them in such new environments. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

[0165] EXAMPLE 1. Chlorantraniliprole + Spinetoram as a corn seed treatment for efficacy against Agrotis ipsilon

[0166] EXAMPLE 1 : MATERIALS AND METHODS

[0167] Field evaluations were conducted using Corteva Agriscience commercial com hybrid P3898. Hybrid seed were treated with spinetoram, Chlorantraniliprole, or a combination of spinetoram and Chlorantraniliprole together at different rates (Table 1). Non treated seed of hybrid P3898 were used as a control (Table 1). Insecticide seed treatments were applied to com seeds as water plus Maxim XL (fungicide)-based slurries by using a Hege 11 laboratory seed treater (Wintersteiger AG, Ried im Innkreis, Austria). Slurries were created by mixing the treatment components in a sufficient volume of tap water to ensure seed coverage was uniform. Seed treatment slurries were pipetted onto the spinning disk of a Hege 11 seed treater in application volumes of 190-210 mL slurry per 60,000 seeds. Seeds were circulated in the treater bowl for 35-45 seconds to uniformly coat the seed. Treated seed was air dried prior to planting.

[0168] The field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design, four replications of plots 5.00 m in length with 4 rows of 0.50 m in spacing. Into a container (zinc barrier: 1.70 x 1.20 x 0.2 m of length, width, and height) with 20 Plants / plot. At 2 days after emergence (DAE) the 2 central rows were infested with 10 Agrotis ipisilon larvae of 3rdinstar. At 7 days after the infestation, the number of cut plants were recorded for each replication. Activity was determined based upon Colby equation II calculation (Colby, 1967).

[0169] EXAMPLE 1 : RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

[0170] At 7 days after infestation, the average number of cut plants in the non-treated control was 13.9 (Table2). The Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 mg ai / seed treatment averaged 11.7 cut plants, while the Spinetoram rates 0.125 to 0.5 mg ai / seed varied from 9.3 to 16.7 cut plants (Table 2). An enhanced effect was observed when the two insecticides were combined, whereby the combination of Chlorantraniliprole with Spinetoram at different rates had fewer cut plants than expected for all the rates evaluated (Table 2). In combination with 0.5 mg ai / seed of Chlorantraniliprole, the addition of Spinetoram decreased the amount of cut plants in a linear fashion. Chlorantraniliprole at 0.5 mg ai / seed with 0.125 mg ai / seed rate of Spinetoram had 13.3 cut plants, and Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 mg ai / seed with the 0.5 mg ai / seed rate of Spinetoram had the lowest overall value of 7.5 cut plants (Table 2). These data demonstrate an enhanced effect of combining Chlorantraniliprole with Spinetoram as a corn seed treatment to enable more effective efficacy against Agrolis iplisilon inoculation compared to the individual insecticides alone.

[0171] Table 1. Com seed treatments evaluated mAgrotis ipsilon efficacy experiments.

[0172] Description Active ingredient Rate (mg ai / seed)

[0173] Non treated seed

[0174] Dermacor 0.500 Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0175] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.125

[0176] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.25

[0177] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.375

[0178] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.5

[0179] Dermacor 0.500 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0180] Spinetoram 0.125 Spinetoram 0.125

[0181] Dermacor 0.500 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0182] Spinetoram 0.250 Spinetoram 0.25

[0183] Dermacor 0.500 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0184] Spinetoram 0.375 Spinetoram 0.375

[0185] Dermacor 0.500 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0186] Spinetoram 0.500 Spinetoram 0.5

[0187] Table 2. Chlorantraniliprole + Spinetoram insecticide seed treatments on corn plants at 7 days after infestation with Agroiis ipsilon.

[0188] Percent Cut plants, 7 days after infestation

[0189] Seed Treatment (mg ai / seed) Observed Expected1

[0190] Non treated seed 13.9

[0191] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 11.7

[0192] Spinetoram 0.125 13.9

[0193] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.125 13.4 23.9

[0194] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 11.7

[0195] Spinetoram 0.25 13.9

[0196] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.25 11.4 23.9

[0197] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 11.7

[0198] Spinetoram 0.375 16.7

[0199] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.375 8.4 26.4

[0200] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 11.7

[0201] Spinetoram 0.500 9.3

[0202] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.500 7.5 19.9

[0203] 1. Colby equation II (1967) where Expected = X + Y - (X*Y / 100); X = Chlorantraniliprole, Y = Spinetoram

[0204] EXAMPLE 2: Chlorantraniliprole + spinetoram as a com seed treatment for efficacy against Spodoptera jrugiperda

[0205] EXAMPLE 2: MATERIALS AND METHODS

[0206] Greenhouse evaluations were conducted using Corteva Agriscience commercial corn hybrid P3898. Hybrid seed were treated with Spinetoram, Chlorantraniliprole, or a combination of Spinetoram and Chlorantraniliprole together at different rates (Table 3). Insecticide seed treatments were applied to corn seeds as water plus Maxim XL (fungi ci de) -based slurries by using a Hege 11 laboratory seed treater (Wintersteiger AG, Ried im Innkreis, Austria). Slurries were created by mixing the treatment components in a sufficient volume of tap water to ensure seed coverage was uniform. Seed treatment slurries were pipetted onto the spinning disk of a Hege 11 seed treater in application volumes of 190-210 mL slurry per 60,000 seeds. Seeds were circulated in the treater bowl for 35-45 seconds to uniformly coat the seed. Treated seed was air dried prior to planting.

[0207] The greenhouse experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, four replications of plots 0.60 m in length with 0.6 m width. Each pot had 9-10 plants per container (0.60 x 0.60 x 2.00 m of length, width, and height). Plants that were 8 days after emergence (DAE) were infested with 10 Spodoptera frugiperda larvae of 1stinstar. At 14 days after the infestation (DAI), the total number of larvae on each plant were counted. Activity was determined based upon Colby Equation II calculation (Colby, 1967).

[0208] EXAMPLE 2: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

[0209] At 14 days after infestation, the Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 mg ai / seed treatment averaged 15.5 total Spodoptera frugiperda larvae per com plant, and the Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 mg ai / seed averaged 13.6 total larvae (Table 4). The Spinetoram treatments had a dose response from 0.25 mg ai / seed to 0.5 mg ai / seed, where the increase in the rate decreased the total number of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae from 7.4 to 4.8 per plant (Table 4). When Chlorantraniliprole was combined with different rates of Spinetoram, the combination had a positive effect on reducing the total number of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae compared to the expected (Table 4). This effect was observed with both the 0.25 mg ai / seed Chlorantraniliprole plus different rates of Spinetoram, and the 0.5 mg ai / seed Chlorantraniliprole plus different rates of spinetoram seed treatments (Table 4). In general, increasing the rate of spinetoram in combination with Chlorantraniliprole reduced the total number of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae (Table 4). These data demonstrate an enhanced effect of combining Chlorantraniliprole with spinetoram as a com seed treatment to enable more effective efficacy against Spodoptera frugiperda inoculation compared to the individual insecticides alone.

[0210] Table 3. Com seed treatments evaluated in Spodoptera frugiperda efficacy experiments.

[0211] Description Active ingredient Rate (mg ai / seed)

[0212] Dermacor 0.25 Chlorantraniliprole 0.25

[0213] Dermacor 0.5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0214] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.125

[0215] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.25

[0216] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.375

[0217] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.5

[0218] Dermacor 0.25 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.25

[0219] Spinetoram 0.125 Spinetoram 0.125

[0220] Dermacor 0.25 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.25

[0221] Spinetoram 0.25 Spinetoram 0.25

[0222] Dermacor 0.25 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.25

[0223] Spinetoram 0.375 Spinetoram 0.375

[0224] Dermacor 0.25 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.25

[0225] Spinetoram 0.5 Spinetoram 0.5

[0226] Dermacor 0.5 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0227] Spinetoram 0.125 Spinetoram 0.125

[0228] Dermacor 0.5 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0229] Spinetoram 0.25 Spinetoram 0.25

[0230] Dermacor 0.5 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0231] Spinetoram 0.375 Spinetoram 0.375

[0232] Dermacor 0.5 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0233] Spinetoram 0.5 Spinetoram 0.5

[0234] Table 4. Chlorantraniliprole + Spinetoram insecticide seed treatments on corn 14 days after infestation with Spodoptera frugiperda.

[0235] Total number of Spodoptera frugiperda larvae at 14 days after infestation

[0236] Seed Treatment Observed Expected1

[0237] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 15.5

[0238] Spinetoram 0.125 7.1

[0239] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.125 11.6 21.5

[0240] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 15.5

[0241] Spinetoram 0.25 7.4

[0242] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.25 9.2 21.8

[0243] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 15.5

[0244] Spinetoram 0.375 5.9

[0245] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.375 7.5 20.5

[0246] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 15.5

[0247] Spinetoram 0.5 4.8

[0248] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.5 5.5 19.6

[0249] Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 13.6

[0250] Spinetoram 0.125 7.1

[0251] Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 + Spinetoram 0.125 11.4 19.7

[0252] Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 13.6

[0253] Spinetoram 0.25 7.4

[0254] Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 + Spinetoram 0.25 8.5 20.0

[0255] Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 13.6

[0256] Spinetoram 0.375 5.9

[0257] Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 + Spinetoram 0.375 9.4 18.7

[0258] Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 13.6

[0259] Spinetoram 0.5 4.8

[0260] Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 + Spinetoram 0.5 7.0 17.7

[0261] 1 Colby equation II (1967) where Expected = X + Y - (X*Y / 100); X = Chlorantraniliprole, Y = Spinetoram EXAMPLE 3. Chlorantraniliprole + Spinetoram as a corn seed treatment for efficacy against Phyllophaga species

[0262] EXAMPLE 3: MATERIALS AND METHODS

[0263] Field evaluations were conducted using Corteva Agriscience commercial corn hybrid P4285VYHR. Hybrid seed were treated with Spinetoram, Chlorantraniliprole, or a combination of Spinetoram and Chlorantraniliprole together at different rates (Table 5). Non treated seed of hybrid P4285VYHR were used as a control (Table 5). Insecticide seed treatments were applied to corn seeds as water plus Maxim XL (fungi cide)-based slurries by using a Hege 11 laboratory seed treater (Wintersteiger AG, Ried im Innkreis, Austria). Slurries were created by mixing the treatment components in a sufficient volume of tap water to ensure seed coverage was uniform. Seed treatment slurries were pipetted onto the spinning disk of a Hege 11 seed treater in application volumes of 190-210 mL slurry per 60,000 seeds. Seeds were circulated in the treater bowl for 15-25 seconds to uniformly coat the seed. Treated seed was air dried prior to planting.

[0264] The field experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design, four replications of plots 5.00 m in length with 4 rows of 0.50 m in spacing. Plants were naturally infested with Phyllophaga species. At 7,14,21,28,35, and 42 days after the infestation (DAI), the plants were scored visually for the amount of insect feeding damage on a 0-3 scale, where 0 = no visible damage evident, and 3 = severely damaged, missing plants. Activity was determined based upon Colby Equation II calculation (Colby, 1967).

[0265] EXAMPLE 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

[0266] Using a 0-3 rating scale, the Non treated seed had an average Phyllophaga species damage score of 0.19 at 7 DAI that increased to 0.59 at 42 DAI (Table 6). The Chlorantraniliprole at 0.25 mg ai / seed had an average damage score of 0.16 at 7 DAI that increased to 0.47 at 42 DAI (Table 6). The 0.5 mg ai / seed rate of Chlorantraniliprole had a damage score of 0.12 at 7 DAI that increased to 0.4 at 42 DAI (Table 6). The Spinetoram treatments did not have a dose response observed, with damage scores between 0.09 and 0.16 at 7 DAI, that gradually increased to between 0.34 and 0.45 at 42 DAI (Table 4). When different rates of Spinetoram were combined with either 0.25 mg ai / seed or 0.5 mg ai / seed of Chlorantraniliprole, an enhanced effect was observed where the combination had less Phyllophaga species damage than expected (Table 6). This effect was evident at every interval evaluated from 7 to 42 DAI and with all combinations of Chlorantraniliprole + Spinetoram (Table 6). These data demonstrate an enhanced effect of combining Chlorantraniliprole with Spinetoram as a corn seed treatment to enable more effective efficacy against Phyllophaga species inoculation compared to the individual insecticides alone.

[0267] Table 5. Com seed treatments evaluated in Phyllophaga species efficacy experiments.

[0268] Description _ Active ingredient Rate (mg ai / seed)

[0269] Non treated seed

[0270] Dermacor 0.25 Chlorantraniliprole 0.25

[0271] Dermacor 0.5 Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0272] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.125

[0273] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.25

[0274] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.375

[0275] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.5

[0276] Dermacor 0.25 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.25

[0277] Spinetoram 0.125 Spinetoram 0.125

[0278] Dermacor 0.25 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.25

[0279] Spinetoram 0.25 Spinetoram 0.25

[0280] Dermacor 0.25 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.25

[0281] Spinetoram 0.375 Spinetoram 0.375

[0282] Dermacor 0.25 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.25

[0283] Spinetoram 0.5 Spinetoram 0.5

[0284] Dermacor 0.5 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0285] Spinetoram 0.125 Spinetoram 0.125

[0286] Dermacor 0.5 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0287] Spinetoram 0.25 Spinetoram 0.25

[0288] Dermacor 0.5 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0289] Spinetoram 0.375 Spinetoram 0.375

[0290] Dermacor 0.5 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5

[0291] Spinetoram 0.5 Spinetoram 0.5 Table 6. Chlorantraniliprole + spinetoram insecticide seed treatments for on corn plants at 7, 14, 21, 35, and 42 days after infestation with PHYGSP (Phyllophaga species)

[0292] Phyllophaga species plant damage

[0293] (0-3 Scale; 0 = no feeding to 3 = severely damaged plants)

[0294] 7 DAI 14 DAI 21 DAI

[0295] Seed Treatment Observed Expected1Observed Expected1Observed Expected1

[0296] Non treated seed 0.19 0.39 0.45

[0297] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 0.16 0.37 0.37

[0298] Spinetoram 0.125 0.09 0.29 0.32

[0299] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.125 0.12 0.25 0.32 0.66 0.32 0.69

[0300] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 0.16 0.37 0.37

[0301] Spinetoram 0.25 0.09 0.26 0.32

[0302] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.25 0.09 0.25 0.2 0.63 0.24 0.69

[0303] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 0.16 0.37 0.37

[0304] Spinetoram 0.375 0.16 0.2 0.27

[0305] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.375 0.06 0.32 0.15 0.57 0.24 0.64

[0306] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 0.16 0.37 0.37

[0307] Spinetoram 0.500 0.16 0.33 0.33

[0308] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.500 0.16 0.32 0.24 0.7 0.24 0.7

[0309] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 0.12 0.22 0.28

[0310] Spinetoram 0.125 0.09 0.29 0.32

[0311] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.125 0.09 0.21 0.19 0.51 0.19 0.6

[0312] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 0.12 0.22 0.28

[0313] Spinetoram 0.25 0.09 0.26 0.32

[0314] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.25 0.03 0.21 0.18 0.48 0.2 0.6

[0315] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 0.12 0.22 0.28

[0316] Spinetoram 0.375 0.16 0.2 0.27

[0317] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.375 0.06 0.28 0.11 0.42 0.11 0.55

[0318] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 0.12 0.22 0.28

[0319] Spinetoram 0.500 0.16 0.33 0.33

[0320] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.500 0.03 0.28 0.11 0.55 0.15 0.61

[0321] Phyllophaga species plant damage

[0322] (0-3 Scale; 0 = no feeding to 3 = severely damaged plants)

[0323] 28 DAI 35 DAI 42 DAI

[0324] Seed Treatment Observed Expected1Observed Expected1Observed Expected1

[0325] Non treated seed 0.45 0.5 0.59

[0326] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 0.37 0.42 0.47

[0327] Spinetoram 0.125 0.32 0.37 0.43

[0328] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.125 0.32 0.69 0.35 0.79 0.42 0.9

[0329] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 0.37 0.42 0.47

[0330] Spinetoram 0.25 0.39 0.42 0.45

[0331] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.25 0.3 0.76 0.32 0.84 0.36 0.92

[0332] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 0.37 0.42 0.47

[0333] Spinetoram 0.375 0.3 0.34 0.34

[0334] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.375 0.27 0.67 0.3 0.76 0.4 0.81

[0335] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 0.37 0.42 0.47

[0336] Spinetoram 0.500 0.33 0.37 0.41

[0337] Chlorantraniliprole 0.25 + Spinetoram 0.500 0.24 0.7 0.29 0.79 0.34 0.88

[0338] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 0.28 0.31 0.4

[0339] Spinetoram 0.125 0.32 0.37 0.43

[0340] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.125 0.22 0.6 0.25 0.68 0.3 0.83

[0341] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 0.28 0.31 0.4

[0342] Spinetoram 0.25 0.39 0.42 0.45

[0343] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.25 0.23 0.67 0.25 0.73 0.32 0.85

[0344] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 0.28 0.31 0.4

[0345] Spinetoram 0.375 0.3 0.34 0.34

[0346] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.375 0.18 0.58 0.2 0.65 0.25 0.74

[0347] Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 0.28 0.31 0.4

[0348] Spinetoram 0.500 0.33 0.37 0.41 Chlorantraniliprole 0.500 + Spinetoram 0.500 0.18 0.61 0.21 0.68 0.28 0.81

[0349] 1 Colby equation II (1967) where Expected = X + Y - (X*Y / 100); X = Chlorantraniliprole, Y = Spinetoram

[0350] EXAMPLE 4. Chlorantraniliprole + Spinetoram as a soybean seed treatment for efficacy against Helicoverpa armigera

[0351] EXAMPLE 4: MATERIALS AND METHODS

[0352] Greenhouse evaluations were conducted using Corteva Agriscience commercial soybean variety CD2737RR. Seeds were treated with Spinetoram, Chlorantraniliprole, or a combination of Spinetoram and Chlorantraniliprole together at different rates (Table 7). Non treated seed of variety CD2737RR were used as a control (Table 7). Insecticide seed treatments were applied to soybean seeds as water plus Rancona T (fungicide)-based slurries by using a Hege 11 laboratory seed treater (Wintersteiger AG, Ried im Innkreis, Austria). Slurries were created by mixing the treatment components in a sufficient volume of tap water to ensure seed coverage was uniform. Seed treatment slurries were pipetted onto the spinning disk of a Hege 11 seed treater in application volumes of 5-16 mL slurry per kg of seeds. Seeds were circulated in the treater bowl for 35-45 seconds to uniformly coat the seed. Treated seed was ended air dried prior to planting.

[0353] The greenhouse experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design, four replications of plots 0.60 m in length with 0.60 m width. Each plot had 10 plants per container (0.60 x 0.60 x 2.00 m of length, width and height). Different plants that were 7, 14, or 21 days after emergence (DAE) were infested with 10 Helicoverpa armigera larvae of 1stinstar. At 14 days after the infestation, the total number of Helicoverpa armigera larvae were counted. Activity was determined based upon Colby Equation II calculation (Colby, 1967).

[0354] EXAMPLE 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

[0355] The non treated soybean seed had total Helicoverpa armigera of 2.8, 6.3, and 13.8 on plants that were 7, 14, and 21 DAE, respectively (Table 8). The Chlorantraniliprole at 0.05 mg ai / seed had totals of 1.5, 2.5, and 9.8 on plants that were 7, 14, and 21 DAE, respectively (Table 8). The 0.1 mg ai / seed rate of Chlorantraniliprole had totals of 2.0, 4.3, and 5.2 at 7, 14, and 21 DAE, respectively (Table 8). The Spinetoram treatments did not have a dose response evident, with total Helicoverpa armigera ihat varied from 0.3 to 1.5 at 7 DAE, 3.5 to 4.8 at 14 DAE, and 11.5 to 13.5 at 21 DAE (Table 8). When different rates of spinetoram were combined with either 0.25 mg ai / seed or 0.5 mg ai / seed of Chlorantraniliprole, an enhanced effect was observed where the combination had less Helicoverpa armigera than expected (Table 6). This effect was evident at every plant growth stage from 7 to 21 DAE, and for all rates of Spinetoram combined with either 0.05 mg ai / seed or 0.1 mg ai / seed Chlorantraniliprole (Table 6). These data demonstrate an enhanced effect of combining Chlorantraniliprole with Spinetoram as a soybean seed treatment to enable more effective efficacy against Helicoverpa armigera -inoculation compared to the individual insecticides alone.

[0356] Table 7. Soybean seed treatments evaluated in Helicoverpa armigera efficacy experiments.

[0357] Description _ Active ingredient _ Rate (mg ai / seed)

[0358] Non treated seed

[0359] Dermacor 0.05 Chlorantraniliprole 0.05

[0360] Dermacor O. l Chlorantraniliprole 0.1

[0361] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.1

[0362] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.2

[0363] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.3

[0364] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.4

[0365] Dermacor 0.05 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.05

[0366] Spinetoram 0.1 Spinetoram 0.1

[0367] Dermacor 0.05 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.05

[0368] Spinetoram 0.2 Spinetoram 0.2

[0369] Dermacor 0.05 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.05

[0370] Spinetoram 0.3 Spinetoram 0.3

[0371] Dermacor 0.05 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.05

[0372] Spinetoram 0.5 Spinetoram 0.5

[0373] Dermacor O. l + Chlorantraniliprole 0.1

[0374] Spinetoram 0.1 Spinetoram 0.1

[0375] Dermacor O. l + Chlorantraniliprole 0.1

[0376] Spinetoram 0.2 Spinetoram 0.2

[0377] Dermacor O. l + Chlorantraniliprole 0.1

[0378] Spinetoram 0.3 Spinetoram 0.3

[0379] Dermacor 0.1 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.1

[0380] Spinetoram 0.5 Spinetoram 0.5 Table 8. Chlorantraniliprole + spinetoram insecticide seed treatments for soybean plants at 7, 14, and 21 days after emergence (DAE), 14 days after infestation with Helicoverpa armigera.

[0381] Helicoverpa armigera count 14 days after infestation

[0382] 7 DAE 14 DAE 21 DAE

[0383] Seed Treatment Observed Expected1Observed Expected1Observed1Expected1

[0384] Non treated seed 2.8 6.3 13.8

[0385] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.5 2.5 9.8

[0386] Spinetoram 0.1 1.5 4.8 13.2

[0387] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.1 1.7 3.0 3.2 7.2 8.5 21.7

[0388] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.5 2.5 9.8

[0389] Spinetoram 0.2 0.3 4.8 12.7

[0390] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.2 0.7 1.8 3.3 7.2 9.2 21.3

[0391] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.5 2.5 9.8

[0392] Spinetoram 0.3 1.0 3.5 11.5

[0393] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.3 0.7 2.5 4.0 5.9 7.0 20.2

[0394] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.5 2.5 9.8

[0395] Spinetoram 0.5 0.8 3.8 13.5

[0396] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.5 0.2 2.3 2.7 6.2 8.8 22.0

[0397] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1 2.0 4.3 5.2

[0398] Spinetoram 0.1 1.5 4.8 13.2

[0399] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1+ Spinetoram 0.1 1.2 3.5 3.3 8.9 7.8 17.7

[0400] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1 2.0 4.3 5.2

[0401] Spinetoram 0.2 0.3 4.8 12.7

[0402] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1+ Spinetoram 0.2 0.8 2.3 3.0 8.9 8.0 17.2

[0403] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1 2.0 4.3 5.2

[0404] Spinetoram 0.3

[0405] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1+ Spinetoram 0.3

[0406] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1 2.0 4.3 5.2

[0407] Spinetoram 0.5 0.8 3.8 13.5

[0408] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1+ 0.5 0.5 2.8 2.3 7.9 7.7 18.0

[0409] 1 Colby equation II (1967) where Expected = X + Y - (X*Y / 100); X = Chlorantraniliprole, Y = Spinetoram

[0410] Example 5. Chlorantraniliprole + Spinetoram as a soybean seed treatment for efficacy against Phyllophaga species

[0411] EXAMPLE 5: MATERIALS AND METHODS

[0412] Field evaluations were conducted using Corteva Agriscience commercial soybean variety 97R50IPRO. Seed were treated with spinetoram, Chlorantraniliprole, or a combination of Spinetoram and Chlorantraniliprole together at different rates (Table 9). Non treated seed of variety 97R50IPRO were used as a control (Table 9). Insecticide seed treatments were applied to soybean seeds as water plus Rancona T (fungicide)-based slurries by using a Hege 11 laboratory seed treater (Wintersteiger AG, Ried im Innkreis, Austria). Slurries were created by mixing the treatment components in a sufficient volume of tap water to ensure seed coverage was uniform. Seed treatment slurries were pipetted onto the spinning disk of a Hege 11 seed treater in application volumes of 5-16 mL slurry per kg of seeds. Seeds were circulated in the treater bowl for 35-45 seconds to uniformly coat the seed. Treated seed were air dried prior to planting.

[0413] The field experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design, four replications of plots 5.00 m in length with 4 rows of 50 m in spacing. Plants were naturally infested with Phyllophaga species. At 7,14,21,28,35, and 42 days after the infestation (DAI), the plants were scored visually for the amount of insect feeding damage on a 0-3 scale, where 0 = no visible damage evident, and 3 = severely damaged, missing plants. Expected and observed activity was determined based upon Colby Equation II calculation (Colby, 1967).

[0414] EXAMPLE 5: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

[0415] Using a 0-3 scale, the non treated soybean seed had Phyllophaga species damage scores that were 1.9 at 7 DAI and gradually increased to 2.3 at 42 DAI (Table 10). The Chlorantraniliprole at 0.05 mg ai / seed had a damage score of 1.1 at 7 DAI that increased to 1.9 at 42 DAI (Table 10). The 0.1 mg ai / seed rate of Chlorantraniliprole had damage score of 1.3 at 7 DAI that increased slightly to 1.7 at 42 DAI (Table 10). The Spinetoram treatments did not have a dose response evident at any of the DAI evaluated (Table 10). When different rates of Spinetoram were combined with either 0.05 mg ai / seed or 0.1 mg ai / seed of Chlorantraniliprole, an enhanced effect was observed where the combination had less Phyllophaga species damage scores than expected (Table 10). This effect was evident at every evaluation date from 7 DAI to 42 DAI, and for all rates of Spinetoram combined with either 0.05 mg ai / seed or 0.1 mg ai / seed Chlorantraniliprole (Table 10). These data demonstrate an enhanced effect of combining Chlorantraniliprole with spinetoram as a soybean seed treatment to enable more efficacy against Phyllophaga species inoculation compared to the individual insecticides alone.

[0416] Table 9. Soybean seed treatments evaluated in Phyllophaga species efficacy experiments.

[0417] Description Active ingredient Rate (mg ai / seed)

[0418] Non treated seed

[0419] Dermacor 0.05 Chlorantraniliprole 0.05

[0420] Dermacor O. l Chlorantraniliprole 0.1

[0421] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.1

[0422] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.2

[0423] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.3

[0424] Spinetoram Spinetoram 0.4

[0425] Dermacor 0.05 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.05

[0426] Spinetoram 0.1 Spinetoram 0.1

[0427] Dermacor 0.05 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.05

[0428] Spinetoram 0.2 Spinetoram 0.2

[0429] Dermacor 0.05 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.05

[0430] Spinetoram 0.3 Spinetoram 0.3

[0431] Dermacor 0.05 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.05

[0432] Spinetoram 0.5 Spinetoram 0.5

[0433] Dermacor O. l + Chlorantraniliprole 0.1

[0434] Spinetoram 0.1 Spinetoram 0.1

[0435] Dermacor O. l + Chlorantraniliprole 0.1

[0436] Spinetoram 0.2 Spinetoram 0.2

[0437] Dermacor O. l + Chlorantraniliprole 0.1

[0438] Spinetoram 0.3 Spinetoram 0.3

[0439] Dermacor 0.1 + Chlorantraniliprole 0.1

[0440] Spinetoram 0.5 Spinetoram 0.5 Table 10. Chlorantraniliprole + Spinetoram soybean insecticide seed treatments for soybean plants at 7, 14, 21, 35, and 42 days after infestation with Phyllophaga species

[0441] Phyllophaga species plant damage AI

[0442] Seed Treatment Observed Expected1Observed Expected1Observed Expected1

[0443] Non treated seed 1.9 2.1 2.1

[0444] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.1 1.7 1.7

[0445] Spinetoram 0.1 1.7 2.1 2.2

[0446] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.1 1.1 2.8 1.5 3.8 1.6 3.9

[0447] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.1 1.7 1.7

[0448] Spinetoram 0.2 1.4 1.8 1.8

[0449] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.2 0.9 2.5 1.3 3.5 1.5 3.5

[0450] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.1 1.7 1.7

[0451] Spinetoram 0.3 1.5 2.0 2

[0452] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.3 1 2.6 1.5 3.7 1.6 3.7

[0453] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.1 1.7 1.7

[0454] Spinetoram 0.5 1.7 1.9 2

[0455] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.5 0.9 2.8 1.3 3.6 1.8 3.7

[0456] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1 1.3 1.7 1.6

[0457] Spinetoram 0. 1 1.7 2.1 2.2

[0458] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1+ Spinetoram 0.1 1.1 3.0 1.6 3.8 1.5 3.8

[0459] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1 1.3 1.7 1.6

[0460] Spinetoram 0.2 1.4 1.8 1.8

[0461] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1+ Spinetoram 0.2 0.9 2.7 1.4 3.5 1.4 3.4

[0462] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1 1.3 1.7 1.6

[0463] Spinetoram 0.3 1.5 2.0 2.0

[0464] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1+ Spinetoram 0.3 0.8 2.8 1.6 3.7 1.4 3.6

[0465] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1 1.3 1.7 1.6

[0466] Spinetoram 0.5 1.7 1.9 2.0

[0467] Chlorantraniliprole 0.1+ Spinetoram 0.5 0.8 3.0 1.6 3.6 1.3 3.6

[0468] Phyllophaga species plant damage

[0469] (0-3 Scale; 0 = no feeding to 3 = severely damaged plants)

[0470] 28 DAI 35 DAI 42 DAI

[0471] Seed Treatment Observed Expected1Observed Expected1Observed Expected1

[0472] Non treated seed 2.3 2.3 2.3

[0473] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.8 1.8 1.9

[0474] Spinetoram 0.1 2.1 2.1 2.3

[0475] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.1 1.6 3.9 1.6 3.9 1.7 4.2

[0476] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.8 1.8 1.9

[0477] Spinetoram 0.2 1.9 1.9 2.0

[0478] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.2 1.4 3.7 1.6 3.7 1.7 3.9

[0479] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.8 1.8 1.9

[0480] Spinetoram 0.3 1.9 1.9 2.0

[0481] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.3 1.6 3.7 1.6 3.7 1.6 3.9

[0482] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05 1.8 1.8 1.9

[0483] Spinetoram 0.5 2.0 2.1 2.0

[0484] Chlorantraniliprole 0.05+ Spinetoram 0.5 1.5 3.8 1.4 3.9 1.6 3.9

[0485] Chlorantraniliprole 0 .1 1.8 1.7 1.7

[0486] Spinet oram 0.1 2.1 2.1 2.3

[0487] Chlorantraniliprole 0 .1+ Spinetoram 0.1 1.4 3.9 1.4 3.8 1.6 4.0

[0488] Chlorantraniliprole 0 .1 1.8 1.7 1.7

[0489] Spinet oram 0.2 1.9 1.9 2.0

[0490] Chlorantraniliprole 0 .1+ Spinetoram 0.2 1.4 3.7 1.5 3.6 1.6 3.7

[0491] Chlorantraniliprole 0 .1 1.8 1.7 1.7

[0492] Spinetoram 0.3 1.9 1.9 2.0

[0493] Chlorantraniliprole 0 .1+ Spinetoram 0.3 1.4 3.7 1.4 3.6 1.6 3.7

[0494] Chlorantraniliprole 0 .1 1.8 1.7 1.7

[0495] Spinetoram 0.5 2.0 2.1 2.0

[0496] Chlorantraniliprole 0 .1+ Spinetoram 0.5 1.4 3.8 1.4 3.8 1.5 3.7

[0497] 1 Colby equation II (1967) where Expected = X + Y - (X*Y / 100); X = Chlorantraniliprole, Y = Spinetoram

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A pesticidal composition comprising pesticidally-effective amounts of:A) insecticides selected from the group consisting of Chlorantraniliprole and Cyantraniliprole; andB) Spinetoram; against at least one of the pests selected from the group consisting of insects, fungi, acari and nematodes, and wherein A) and B) are present in a weight ratio of 1 : 100 to 100: 1.

2. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the insecticide is Chlorantraniliprole.

3. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1, wherein the insecticide is Cyantraniliprole.

4. The pesticidal composition according to claims 1-3, further comprising an additional active compound.

5. The pesticidal composition of claim 4, wherein the additional active compound is an insecticide, fungicide, nematicide, acaricide or a biological agent.

6. The pesticidal composition according to claims 1, 2 and 4, wherein Chlorantraniliprole and Spinetoram are present in a weight ratio of 1 :25 to 25 : 1.

7. The pesticidal composition according to claims 1-6, comprising at least one fungicide selected from the group consisting of Azoxystrobin, Carboxin, Cyanoacetamide oxime, copper hydroxide, Cyclobutrifluram, Difenoconazole, Dithiocarbamate, Ethaboxam, Fenpicoxamid, Florylpicoxamid, Fipronil, Fludioxonil, Fluopyram, Fluoxapiprolin, Fluoxastrobin, Fluxapyroxad, Inpyrfluxam, Isoflucypram, Ipconazole, Mefenoxam, Metalaxyl, Methylorubrum populi strain NLS0089, Methylorubrum populi strain TS6 1, Metconazole, Myclobutanil, Oxathiapiprolin, Penflufen, Picarbutrazox, Picoxystrobin , Propi conazole, Prothioconazole, Pydiflumetofen, Pyraclostrobin, Sedaxane, Tebuconazole, Thiabendazole, Thiram, Trifloxystrobin and Vismax.

8. The pesticidal composition according to claim 1-6, comprising at least one nematicide selected from the group consisting of Abamectin, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain PTE-4838, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Strain MBI 600, Bacillus pumilus strain BUF-33, Cyclobutrifluram, Fluazaindolizine, Fluensulfone, Oxamyl and Tioxazafen.

9. The pesticidal composition according to claims 1 , 2, 4-8 comprising Chlorantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Metalaxyl.

10. The pesticidal composition according to claims 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8, comprising Cyantraniliprole, Spinetoram and Metalaxyl.

11. The pesticidal composition according any of the claims 1-10, wherein the pest is an insect.

12. The pesticidal composition according to any of the claims 1-10, wherein the pest is a fungi.

13. A plant propagule comprising the pesticidal composition according to any of the claims 1-10.

14. The plant propagule according to claim 13, wherein the plant propagule is a seed.

15. The seed according to claim 14, wherein the seed is selected from the following crops: alfalfa, com, soybean, canola, cereals, cotton, pulse crops, field beans, field peas, lentils, kidney beans, sorghum, sunflower, or wheat.

16. A method of controlling a pest wherein the method comprises contacting the plant, plant propagation material, soil or water, the pests, their habitat, or food supply with a pesticidally - effective amount of a pesticidal composition according to any of the claims 1-10.

17. A method for controlling pests in alfalfa, com, soybean, canola, cereals, cotton, pulse crops, field beans, field peas, lentils, kidney beans, sorghum, sunflower, or wheat, comprising contacting the pest, its food supply, habitat, breeding ground or its locus with a composition according claims 1-10 to effectuate the controlling.

18. The method according to claims 16-17, wherein the pest is selected from the group consisting of phytopathogenic fungi, insects, acari and nematodes.

19. A Seed, comprising the pesticidal composition according claims 1-10 in an amount of from 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed.

20. A method of protecting plants from attack or infestation by insects, acarids or nematodes comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing with a pesticidally-effective amount of a composition according to any of the claims 1-10.

21. A method of protection of plant propagation material from pests comprising contact the plant propagation material with a composition according any of the claims 1-10.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the plant propagation material is a seed.

23. Use of a pesticidal composition according to claims 1 -10 for combating invertebrate pests, combating phytopathogenic fungi, improving health of pants and / or increasing yield, or protecting plants against attack and / or infestation by invertebrate pests or against infection by phytopathogenic fungi.

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