Quantum bit calibration graph construction method and apparatus, device, and storage medium

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of quantum, and discloses a quantum bit calibration graph construction method and apparatus, a device, and a storage medium. The method comprises: acquiring a collection of nodes for performing a calibration process on one or more quantum bits in a quantum chip (410); for at least one first parameter set, acquiring a preconfigured second parameter set (420); acquiring a real-time calibration task (430); determining at least two target parameter sets for constructing a quantum bit calibration graph corresponding to the real-time calibration task (440); and, on the basis of a dependency relationship, determining a connection relationship between calibration nodes respectively corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets, and generating a quantum bit calibration graph (450). The quantum bit calibration graph comprises only calibration nodes related to a calibration target, and can be automatically updated along with real-time change of the calibration target. Therefore, the method provides a less complex and more targeted quantum bit calibration graph, and the quantum bit calibration efficiency is improved.

Description

Method, device, equipment and storage medium for constructing quantum bit calibration map

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202310756562.8 filed on June 25, 2023, entitled “Method, device, equipment and storage medium for constructing quantum bit calibration map”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of quantum technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for constructing a quantum bit calibration map. Background Art

[0003] Quantum computers, based on qubits (qubits), perform efficient parallel computations and can solve problems that are intractable for classical computers. To ensure efficient and stable operation of quantum computers, qubit calibration is required to maintain precise control over the qubit's quantum state.

[0004] Since there are complex dependencies between various links in the qubit calibration process, a rigid directed acyclic graph (DAG) is commonly used in related technologies to represent the above dependencies and drive the qubit calibration process.

[0005] In the above solution, a complete qubit calibration map is constructed for the entire calibration process. However, as the calibration process iterates and evolves, the calibration map will continue to expand, making it bloated, complex, and difficult to read, which in turn affects the efficiency of the qubit calibration process.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides a method, apparatus, device, and storage medium for constructing a quantum bit calibration map. The technical solutions provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0008] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a method for constructing a quantum bit calibration map is provided, the method being executed by a computer device, the method comprising:

[0009] Obtaining a node set for performing a calibration process on one or more qubits in a quantum chip, wherein the node set includes at least two calibration nodes, each calibration node is configured with a corresponding first parameter set, and the first parameter set includes one or more first parameters whose parameter values ​​are adjusted by the calibration node when performing the calibration process;

[0010] For at least one first parameter set, obtaining a preconfigured second parameter set, where the second parameter set includes one or more second parameters, wherein adjustment of a parameter value of at least one first parameter of the at least one first parameter set depends on at least one second parameter, and the at least one first parameter set constitutes a dependent first parameter set;

[0011] Acquire a real-time calibration task, where the real-time calibration task indicates selecting at least one target calibration node from the node set;

[0012] When the first parameter set configured for at least one of the target calibration nodes is the dependent first parameter set, determining at least two target parameter sets for constructing a qubit calibration map corresponding to the real-time calibration task from the first parameter set configured for each of the at least one target calibration node and the second parameter set configured for the dependent first parameter set, the qubit calibration map being used to graphically represent permutations and combinations of the at least one target calibration node selected for the real-time calibration task;

[0013] In response to a dependency relationship between the at least two target parameter sets, a connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets is determined according to the dependency relationship, and the quantum bit calibration graph is generated based on the connection relationship.

[0014] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a device for constructing a quantum bit calibration map is provided, the device comprising:

[0015] a node acquisition module, configured to acquire a node set for performing a calibration process on one or more qubits in a quantum chip, wherein the node set includes at least two calibration nodes, each calibration node is configured with a corresponding first parameter set, and the first parameter set includes one or more first parameters whose parameter values ​​are adjusted by the calibration node when performing the calibration process;

[0016] a parameter acquisition module, configured to acquire, for at least one first parameter set, a preconfigured second parameter set, the second parameter set including one or more second parameters, wherein adjustment of a parameter value of at least one first parameter of the at least one first parameter set depends on at least one second parameter, and the at least one first parameter set constitutes a dependent first parameter set;

[0017] A task acquisition module, configured to acquire a real-time calibration task, wherein the real-time calibration task indicates selecting at least one target calibration node from the node set;

[0018] a parameter determination module configured to, when the first parameter set corresponding to at least one of the target calibration nodes is the dependent first parameter set, determine, from the first parameter set configured for each of the at least one target calibration nodes and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set, at least two target parameter sets for constructing a qubit calibration map corresponding to the real-time calibration task, the qubit calibration map being used to graphically represent permutations and combinations of at least one target calibration node selected for the real-time calibration task;

[0019] A calibration graph construction module is used to determine, in response to a dependency relationship between the at least two target parameter sets, a connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets according to the dependency relationship, and generate the quantum bit calibration graph based on the connection relationship.

[0020] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a computer device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the computer program is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the above-mentioned method for constructing a quantum bit calibration diagram.

[0021] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, in which a computer program is stored. The computer program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned method for constructing a quantum bit calibration diagram.

[0022] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a computer program product is provided, which includes a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor reads and executes the computer program from the computer-readable storage medium to implement the above-mentioned method for constructing a quantum bit calibration diagram.

[0023] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application include at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] By acquiring a node set during a qubit calibration process, obtaining a first parameter set configured for each calibration node, and acquiring a preconfigured second parameter set for at least one first parameter set, at least two target parameter sets for constructing a qubit calibration graph corresponding to a real-time calibration task can be determined from the first parameter set configured for each of the at least one target calibration node and the second parameter set configured for the dependent first parameter set. Based on the dependency relationship between the at least two target parameter sets and the connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets, a parameter set for the quantum chip and a node set including at least two defined calibration nodes are generated. Furthermore, a calibration target defined for the real-time calibration task is acquired, and a qubit calibration graph corresponding to the real-time calibration task is generated based on the quantum chip parameter set, node set, and calibration target. This qubit calibration graph only contains target calibration nodes relevant to the real-time calibration task and can be automatically updated as the target calibration nodes change in real time. Therefore, a less complex and more targeted qubit calibration graph can be provided for the real-time calibration task, thereby improving the efficiency of the qubit calibration process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a directed acyclic graph provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of constructing a calibration image according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an implementation environment of a solution provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG4 is a flowchart of a method for constructing a quantum bit calibration map provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG5 is a flowchart of a calibration node definition provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG6 is a flowchart of automatic construction of a calibration diagram provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG7 is a flowchart of a method for constructing a quantum bit calibration map provided in another embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of a parameter list generation process provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a quantum bit calibration diagram provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of an updated quantum bit calibration diagram provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG11 is a block diagram of a specific solution of a method for constructing a quantum bit calibration diagram provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a sample quantum bit calibration diagram provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG13 is a block diagram of a device for constructing a quantum bit calibration map according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG14 is a structural block diagram of a computer device provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, the implementation methods of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] Before introducing the embodiments of this application, some of the terms used in this application are first explained. The following related explanations can be combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application as optional solutions, and all of them fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application include at least some of the following contents.

[0041] Quantum computing: A method of computing that uses quantum logic to rapidly complete computational tasks, leveraging properties such as superposition and entanglement of quantum states. The fundamental unit of data storage in quantum computing is the qubit.

[0042] Qubit: A quantum information carrier and the fundamental unit of quantum computing. Unlike classical computers, which use 0 and 1 as the fundamental units of binary computing, a qubit's state is described by a linear combination of the computational basis states (0 or 1), often referred to as a superposition.

[0043] Quantum Chip: A chip based on the principles of quantum mechanics and is the central processing unit of a quantum computer.

[0044] Qubit Calibration: Quantum computers utilize qubits for both storage and computation. Qubits are integrated storage and computation structures. Both data storage and computational control require precise control of quantum states. Qubit calibration standardizes this control process. A calibrated qubit can maintain precise control within a certain accuracy range over a period of time.

[0045] Qubit calibration graph: To meet the requirements of formal computation, qubits undergo a series of calibration procedures based on physical models. These typically involve calibrating and setting physical parameters, such as searching for the operating frequency of quantum devices, calibrating the quantum states of isolated qubits and quantum gates, and coordinating the calibration of multi-qubit gates. This graph can be abstracted as a directed graph containing multiple calibration nodes, called a qubit calibration graph. The qubit calibration graph indicates the dependencies between calibration nodes and drives the qubit calibration process.

[0046] Calibration node: During the quantum bit calibration process, the series of physical processes involved in calibrating and setting physical parameters can be used as calibration nodes in the quantum bit calibration diagram. Each calibration node can be defined with one or a cluster of physical processes (for example: measuring a specific frequency, calibrating a specific parameter), and a corresponding parameter model is defined.

[0047] Directed acyclic graph: A graph consisting of a finite number of nodes and directed edges. Starting from any node, passing through a number of directed edges, there is no way to return to the node. A graph that meets the above conditions is a directed acyclic graph. Please refer to Figure 1, which shows the difference between directed acyclic graphs, directed graphs with loops, and undirected graphs. A directed graph refers to a graph with directed edges between nodes, while an undirected graph refers to a graph with undirected edges between nodes. There are no loops in a directed acyclic graph. For example, in the directed acyclic graph shown in Figure 1, starting from node 0, passing through node 1, node 2, and node 4, but ultimately not returning to node 0, while in a directed graph with loops, starting from node 0, passing through node 1, node 2, and node 4, ultimately returning to node 0. When a directed acyclic graph is used as a quantum bit calibration graph, the direction of its directed edges represents the dependency relationship between the calibration nodes, and when calibration is performed, the calibration process corresponding to each calibration node can be executed in the order indicated by the dependency relationship.

[0048] Calibration Automation: The qubit calibration process involves multiple sets of dependent calibration processes across multiple quantum devices, which can be defined as a qubit calibration graph. Each calibration node in these processes requires complex microwave control. Furthermore, the corresponding control parameters are high-dimensional, multi-dependent, and subject to constant drift. Automating the control of these parameters means automating calibration.

[0049] Below is a brief introduction to the construction of quantum bit calibration diagram in related technologies.

[0050] In the related art, a complete rigid directed acyclic graph is generally used as a qubit calibration graph. Because a whole graph is used to define each calibration link, corresponding calibration nodes need to be generated in the whole graph for different calibration targets under different conditions. For example, please refer to Figure 2. If the first dependency condition is met, calibration node B depends on calibration node A, and if the second dependency condition is met, calibration node C depends on calibration node A. Then, in the calibration whole graph, calibration nodes B and C will be included at the same time to characterize their dependency on calibration node A. Furthermore, when the calibration process also includes other calibration tasks in addition to the calibration tasks corresponding to the above-mentioned calibration nodes, the calibration nodes corresponding to the other calibration tasks will also be added to the whole graph. For example, if other calibration tasks have corresponding calibration nodes D that depend on calibration node A. Then, based on the calibration whole graph in Figure 2, a calibration whole graph after adding node D will be obtained. In addition, when there is a circular dependency between calibration nodes, in order to meet the acyclic characteristics of the directed acyclic graph, the corresponding nodes with circular dependencies need to be decomposed into different independent nodes and repeatedly constructed in the graph. For example, if calibration node B depends on calibration node A when the first dependency condition is met, and calibration node A depends on calibration node B when the third dependency condition is met, then calibration nodes A and B need to be decomposed simultaneously, or one of them needs to be decomposed and then repeatedly constructed in the graph to meet the acyclic property of the directed acyclic graph. For example, calibration node B can be decomposed into calibration nodes B1 and B2, resulting in the calibration graph with repeated nodes in Figure 2. Therefore, technicians should be able to foresee that due to the complex dependencies between multiple nodes, the calibration graph corresponding to a complete calibration process will be very complex and difficult to read after long-term evolution.

[0051] The above-mentioned first dependency condition, second dependency condition, and third dependency condition can be determined based on the accuracy of the corresponding parameters of each calibration node, and this application is only used as an example for explanation.

[0052] If quantum bit calibration is performed according to the calibration graph constructed according to the above scheme, when a certain calibration node is run, its preceding calibration node will be run according to the dependency relationship shown in the diagram. For example, please refer to the calibration graph in Figure 2. If calibration node B needs to be run, calibration node A needs to be run first. However, when the above-mentioned first dependency condition is not met, calibration node A is actually invalid, because at this time it can be regarded as calibration node B does not depend on calibration node A, that is, for calibration node B, the calibration task corresponding to calibration node A has been completed. Furthermore, if there are repeated nodes such as B1 and B2 in the calibration graph, the repeated nodes will also be invalidly run. Performing an invalid run on a calibration node means that the calibration node must undergo an invalid parameter sweep, fitting and judgment, which ultimately leads to low efficiency of the entire quantum bit calibration process.

[0053] To solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for temporarily constructing a corresponding quantum bit calibration map based on a real-time calibration task, which will be introduced in detail in the following embodiments.

[0054] Please refer to FIG3 , which shows a schematic diagram of an implementation environment of a solution provided by an embodiment of the present application. The implementation environment of the solution may include: a terminal device 30 and a server 40 .

[0055] The terminal device 30 can be a classical computer, such as a personal computer (PC), or a quantum computer. The terminal device 30 can be installed with a client that runs a target application, such as a qubit calibration map generator, or other applications that provide the function of generating a qubit calibration map.

[0056] Server 40 can be used to provide backend services for the client of a target application (e.g., a qubit calibration map generation program) in terminal device 30. For example, server 40 can be the backend server for the target application (e.g., a qubit calibration map generation program). Server 40 can be a single server, a server cluster consisting of multiple servers, or a cloud computing service center.

[0057] The terminal device 30 and the server 40 can communicate via a network, such as a wireless or wired network.

[0058] Please refer to Figure 4, which shows a flowchart of a method for constructing a qubit calibration map provided by one embodiment of the present application. The execution entity of each step of the method can be a computer device, such as a classical computer or a quantum computer. The method can include at least one of the following steps 410-450:

[0059] Step 410: Obtain a set of nodes for performing a calibration process on one or more quantum bits in a quantum chip.

[0060] The node set includes at least two calibration nodes, each calibration node is configured with a corresponding first parameter set, and the first parameter set includes one or more first parameters whose parameter values ​​are adjusted by the calibration node when performing a calibration process.

[0061] In some embodiments, the quantum chip may be a superconducting quantum chip. In other embodiments, the quantum chip may be a semiconductor quantum chip or an optical quantum chip, which is not limited in this application.

[0062] The calibration node is used to characterize one or a cluster of physical processes in the calibration process of one or more quantum bits in the quantum chip. Each calibration node is configured with a corresponding first parameter set, and the first parameter set includes one or more first parameters. The first parameter refers to the parameter whose parameter value needs to be adjusted by the calibration node during the calibration process. The first parameter includes the parameter that describes the calibration principle of the calibration process and the parameter required to perform the calibration process based on the calibration principle. The parameter that describes the calibration principle of the calibration process refers to the parameter that describes the calibration steps and calibration method of the calibration process. For example, it can include the description parameters of each calibration step of the calibration process and the description parameters of the calibration method of each calibration step. The parameters required to perform the calibration process based on the calibration principle refer to the parameters required to perform each calibration step corresponding to the calibration principle.

[0063] In some embodiments, a third parameter set is also required, which includes one or more third parameters describing the actual state of the quantum chip. For example, the third parameters may include the temperature, voltage parameters, current parameters, chip delay parameters, etc. of the quantum chip.

[0064] In some embodiments, a first mapping can be defined as mapping from the third parameter set to the quantum chip. The first mapping can be represented by an f1 mapping. The f1 mapping is chip_param→chip, where chip_param represents the third parameter set and chip represents the quantum chip. The third parameter set can be obtained from the quantum chip using the inverse mapping of the f1 mapping.

[0065] Step 420: For at least one first parameter set, obtain a preconfigured second parameter set, where the second parameter set includes one or more second parameters, wherein the parameter value adjustment of at least one first parameter of the at least one first parameter set depends on at least one second parameter, and the at least one first parameter set constitutes a dependent first parameter set.

[0066] The parameter value adjustment of the first parameter depends on the second parameter, which means that the parameter value of the first parameter is affected by the change of the parameter value of the second parameter, that is, if the parameter value of the first parameter is to be adjusted, the parameter value of the second parameter needs to be adjusted synchronously. Exemplarily, the parameter value of the first parameter can refer to the numerical size of the first parameter, or it can refer to the numerical representation of the first parameter. Optionally, the parameter value adjustment of a first parameter can depend on only one second parameter, or it can depend on multiple second parameters. The parameter value adjustments of different first parameters can depend on the same second parameter, or they can depend on different second parameters respectively.

[0067] The second parameter set includes one or more second parameters that the calibration node needs to reference when performing the calibration process. The parameter source of the second parameter set can be the third parameter set, or it can also be the first parameter set configured by other calibration nodes. Optionally, the second parameter set can include at least one parameter set, for example, the second parameter set can include only the third parameter set, or it can include only at least one first parameter set configured by other calibration nodes, or it can include the third parameter set and at least one first parameter set configured by other calibration nodes. This application does not limit this. The various parameter sets included in the second parameter set refer to the parameter sets in which at least one parameter on which the parameter value adjustment of the first parameter depends is located. For example, if the parameter value adjustment of the first parameter 1 in the first parameter set depends on the third parameter 1 in the third parameter set, then the third parameter set is included in the second parameter set. If the parameter value adjustment of the first parameter 1 in the first parameter set depends on the third parameter 1 in the third parameter set, and the parameter value adjustment of the first parameter 2 depends on the first parameter 1 in the first parameter set configured by a calibration node, then the third parameter set and the first parameter set are included in the second parameter set.

[0068] Optionally, the second parameter set may also include at least one parameter in at least one parameter set. For example, the second parameter set may include only at least one third parameter in the third parameter set, or may include only at least one first parameter in at least one first parameter set configured by other calibration nodes, or may include at least one third parameter in the third parameter set and at least one first parameter in at least one first parameter set configured by other calibration nodes. This application does not limit this. The parameter sets included in the second parameter set refer to at least one parameter on which the parameter value adjustment of the first parameter depends.

[0069] For the first parameter set configured for each calibration node in the above-mentioned node set, each first parameter set may be pre-configured with a second parameter set or may not be pre-configured with a second parameter set. If the first parameter set is pre-configured with a second parameter set, then there is at least one first parameter in the first parameter set whose parameter value adjustment depends on at least one second parameter in the second parameter set. It is possible that there is a first parameter in the first parameter set whose parameter value adjustment depends on one or more second parameters in the second parameter set, or there are multiple first parameters in the first parameter set whose parameter value adjustments depend on one second parameter in the second parameter set at the same time, or there are multiple first parameters in the first parameter set whose parameter value adjustments depend on different second parameters in the second parameter set respectively. For example, it is possible that the parameter value adjustment of the first parameter 1 in the first parameter set depends on the second parameter 1 and the second parameter 2 in the second parameter set, or the parameter value adjustment of the first parameter 1 and the first parameter 2 in the first parameter set depends on the second parameter 1 in the second parameter set at the same time, or the parameter value adjustment of the first parameter 1 in the first parameter set depends on the second parameter 1 in the second parameter set, and the parameter value adjustment of the first parameter 2 in the first parameter set depends on the second parameter 2 in the second parameter set. If the first parameter set does not configure the second parameter set, it means that the parameter value adjustment of each first parameter in the first parameter set does not depend on any second parameter.

[0070] In addition, if the first parameter set preconfigures the second parameter set, that is, the parameter value adjustment of at least one first parameter of the first parameter set depends on at least one second parameter, it can also be said that the calibration node corresponding to the first parameter set depends on the second parameter set.

[0071] In the embodiment of the present application, the first parameter set pre-configured with the second parameter set may be referred to as a dependent first parameter set, and the first parameter set not configured with the second parameter set may be referred to as an independent first parameter set.

[0072] Please refer to FIG5 , which shows a flowchart of a calibration node definition provided by an embodiment of the present application. The flowchart includes three steps: defining a calibration node, opening calibration parameters, and declaring parameter dependencies.

[0073] When defining a calibration node, illustratively, a unique name may be defined for the calibration node through the following code.

[0074] message CalibrationNode{

[0075] string node_name;

[0076] }

[0077] When opening calibration parameters, for example, a unique name can be defined for the first parameter set of the calibration node through the following code. In addition, the corresponding parameter calibration principle is defined, including its physical process, analytical function, and equations of hyperparameters in the analytical function.

[0078] When declaring parameter dependencies, illustratively, the second parameter set of the calibration node can be declared by the following code, that is, the second parameter set configured by the first parameter set of the calibration node is declared, and the verification Boolean expression of the second parameter set of this node is defined.

[0079] Boolean expressions are expressions used in programming languages ​​that evaluate to Boolean values. Boolean values ​​can only be 0 or 1, meaning they are either true or false. The following examples describe the role of defining and validating Boolean expressions when declaring parameter dependencies.

[0080] Step 430: Acquire a real-time calibration task, where the real-time calibration task indicates selecting at least one target calibration node from a node set.

[0081] The real-time calibration task is the calibration task to be performed at the current moment in a complete quantum bit calibration process. The real-time calibration task is constantly changing as the calibration process progresses, that is, the calibration task at different moments in the calibration process is changing. Therefore, the target calibration node of the real-time calibration task is also constantly changing. The target calibration node refers to the calibration node in the real-time calibration task that needs to adjust the parameter value of at least one first parameter of the first parameter set configured therein. For example, if the real-time calibration task needs to adjust the parameter values ​​of the first parameter 1 and the first parameter 2, the first parameter 1 is a parameter in the first parameter set 1, and the first parameter 2 is a parameter in the first parameter set 2, then the target calibration node includes the calibration node 1 corresponding to the first parameter set 1 and the calibration node 2 corresponding to the first parameter set 2.

[0082] In some embodiments, the calibration target corresponding to the real-time calibration task is determined based on the real-time calibration task. The calibration target is used to indicate at least one target calibration node. The calibration target may only include at least one target calibration node in the node set, or may only include at least one target first parameter set, or may include at least one target calibration node and at least one target first parameter set, wherein the target first parameter set refers to the first parameter set for which the parameter value of at least one first parameter is to be adjusted by the real-time calibration task. If the calibration target includes the target first parameter set, it is necessary to determine the calibration node corresponding to the target first parameter set, and the calibration node corresponding to the target first parameter set can be determined as the target calibration node of the real-time calibration task. For example, if the calibration target includes target first parameter set 1 and target first parameter set 2, target first parameter set 1 corresponds to calibration node 1, and target first parameter set 2 corresponds to calibration node 2, then the target calibration nodes of the real-time calibration task include calibration node 1 and calibration node 2.

[0083] In some embodiments, a qubit calibration graph is constructed by acquiring a calibration target corresponding to a real-time calibration task, thereby calibrating at least one first parameter in a first parameter set configured for the calibration target. If the calibration target includes a target calibration node, at least one first parameter in a first parameter set configured for each target calibration node is calibrated. If the calibration target includes a target first parameter set, at least one first parameter in each target first parameter set is calibrated, or the Boolean expression corresponding to each target first parameter set may be calibrated.

[0084] Please refer to Figure 6, which shows a flow chart for automatically constructing a calibration map according to one embodiment of the present application. The flow includes three steps: defining a calibration target, introducing chip parameters, and constructing an automatic calibration map.

[0085] When defining a calibration target, illustratively, a calibration node and a Boolean expression of a target first parameter set may be defined as the calibration target through the following code.

[0086] When introducing chip parameters, it is necessary to combine the calibration target and the third parameter set to achieve adaptive parameter matching, which can be achieved, for example, by the following code.

[0087] See the example below for how to construct an automatic calibration map.

[0088] Step 440, when the first parameter set corresponding to the configuration of at least one target calibration node is a dependent first parameter set, at least two target parameter sets for constructing a quantum bit calibration diagram corresponding to the real-time calibration task are determined from the first parameter set configured for each of the at least one target calibration nodes and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set. The quantum bit calibration diagram is used to graphically represent the arrangement and combination of at least one target calibration node selected for the real-time calibration task.

[0089] When the first parameter set configured for the target calibration node in at least one target calibration node is a dependent first parameter set, that is, when the first parameter set configured for the target calibration node in at least one target calibration node is pre-configured with a second parameter set, at least two target parameter sets are determined from the first parameter sets configured for each of the at least one target calibration node, and the second parameter sets configured for each of the dependent first parameter sets. The target parameter set is the parameter set required to construct the qubit calibration graph corresponding to the real-time calibration task. For example, if the real-time calibration task corresponds to target calibration node 1 and target calibration node 2, first parameter set 1 configured for target calibration node 1 is a dependent first parameter set, first parameter set 1 is configured with second parameter set 1, and first parameter set 2 configured for target calibration node 2 is an independent first parameter set, then at least two target parameter sets are determined from first parameter set 1, first parameter set 2, and second parameter set 1.

[0090] In some embodiments, at least two target parameter sets may also include a third parameter set, that is, at least two target parameter sets are determined from the third parameter set, the first parameter set configured for each of at least one target calibration node, and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set.

[0091] The qubit calibration diagram is used to graphically represent the arrangement and combination of at least one target calibration node selected for a real-time calibration task, wherein the arrangement and combination includes a sorting method of the at least one target calibration node and a distribution method of the at least one target calibration node. The sorting method refers to the order in which the at least one target calibration node is arranged. For example, if the real-time calibration task corresponds to target calibration node 1, target calibration node 2, and target calibration node 3, the sorting method can be target calibration node 1, target calibration node 2, and target calibration node 3 from left to right. The distribution method refers to the position distribution of the at least one target calibration node in the calibration diagram. For example, in the qubit calibration diagram shown in Figure 1, the five calibration nodes are distributed in a pentagonal shape, wherein calibration node 0 is located in the first row of the pentagon, calibration node 1 and calibration node 4 are located in the second row of the pentagon, and calibration node 1 is located to the left of calibration node 4. Calibration nodes 2 and calibration node 3 are located in the third row of the pentagon, and calibration node 2 is located to the left of calibration node 3.

[0092] Referring to FIG. 7 , in some embodiments, step 440 may include at least one of sub-steps 442 to 446 .

[0093] Sub-step 442: constructing a parameter list, the parameter list including a first parameter set configured for each of at least one target calibration nodes and a second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set.

[0094] The parameter list includes a third parameter set, a first parameter set configured for each of at least one target calibration node, and a second parameter set configured for each dependent first parameter set. For example, if the real-time calibration task corresponds to target calibration node 1 and target calibration node 2, first parameter set 1 configured for target calibration node 1 is a dependent first parameter set, first parameter set 1 is configured with second parameter set 1, and first parameter set 2 configured for target calibration node 2 is an independent first parameter set, then the parameter list includes the third parameter set, first parameter set 1, first parameter set 2, and second parameter set 1. In some embodiments, each parameter set in the parameter list can be added or removed based on changes to the node set during the construction of the qubit calibration map, as will be described in the following embodiments.

[0095] In some embodiments, a second mapping can be defined as mapping from the first parameter set of the calibration node to the calibration node. The second mapping can be represented by an f2 mapping. The f2 mapping is cali_param → calibrate_node, where cali_param represents the first parameter set and calibrate_node represents the target calibration node. The first parameter set configured for the target calibration node can be obtained from the target calibration node using the inverse mapping of the f2 mapping.

[0096] In some embodiments, for the calibration target corresponding to the real-time calibration task, the process of constructing the parameter list can refer to Figure 8, which shows a schematic diagram of the parameter list generation process provided by an embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, the calibration target is first divided into a node target and a parameter target, the node target is used to indicate the target calibration node in the calibration target, and the parameter target is used to indicate the target first parameter set in the calibration target, and then the node target is used to obtain the first parameter set of the node target configuration through the inverse mapping of the f2 mapping. Finally, if the first parameter set of the node target and the parameter target do not have a dependent first parameter set, the first parameter set of the node target, the parameter target and the third parameter set are merged to obtain a parameter list. If the first parameter set of the node target and the parameter target do have a dependent first parameter set, the first parameter set of the node target, the parameter target, the third parameter set and the second parameter set of the dependent first parameter set configuration are merged to obtain a parameter list.

[0097] Exemplarily, if the calibration target contains only one calibration node A, and the first parameter set of calibration node A is parameter set a, then the parameter list includes parameter set a, the third parameter set, and the second parameter set configured with dependency on the first parameter set; if the calibration target contains only one parameter set b, then the parameter list includes parameter set b and the third parameter set, and the second parameter set configured with dependency on the first parameter set; if the calibration target contains calibration node A and calibration node B, as well as parameter set c and parameter set d, and the first parameter sets corresponding to calibration node A and calibration node B are parameter set a and parameter set b respectively, then the parameter list includes parameter set a, parameter set b, parameter set c, parameter set d, the parameter set of the quantum chip, and the second parameter set configured with dependency on the first parameter set.

[0098] Sub-step 444: for each parameter set included in the parameter list, if the parameter set meets the first condition, add a first tag to the parameter set.

[0099] In some embodiments, step 444 can also be expressed as traversing each parameter set included in the parameter list. If the parameter set can successfully use the f2 mapping, a first mark is added to the parameter set. The condition for the parameter set to successfully use the f2 mapping is that the parameter set satisfies the first condition.

[0100] The first condition is a condition for adding the calibration node corresponding to the parameter set included in the parameter list to the qubit calibration graph. The first flag is used to indicate that the calibration node corresponding to the parameter set included in the parameter list should be added to the qubit calibration graph. The calibration node corresponding to the parameter set is the calibration node corresponding to the parameter set when it is used as the first parameter set.

[0101] In some embodiments, the first condition includes: the parameter set is a dependent first parameter set and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set passes verification or has a first flag added, or the parameter set is not a dependent first parameter set.

[0102] The parameter set is not a dependent first parameter set, which means that the parameter set is not configured with a second parameter set.

[0103] Exemplarily, if parameter set a in the parameter list is the dependent first parameter set, and parameter set a is configured with a second parameter set, the second parameter set is parameter set b, and parameter set b passes verification but is not added with the first mark, then parameter set a meets the first condition.

[0104] Whether the second parameter set configured with the dependent first parameter set passes verification depends on whether the dependent first parameter set meets the reference requirement of the calibration node. In some embodiments, the reference requirement may be an accuracy requirement for the second parameter in the second parameter set configured with the dependent first parameter set. When the accuracy of the second parameter meets the accuracy requirement, the verification is considered passed; when the accuracy of the second parameter does not meet the accuracy requirement, the verification is considered failed.

[0105] In some embodiments, when declaring dependent parameters for a calibration node, a check Boolean expression for the second parameter set can be defined. When the check Boolean expression outputs a correct result, the check passes; when the check Boolean expression outputs an error, the check fails. For example, if the second parameter set configured by the first parameter set of the calibration node includes a parameter x, and the check Boolean expression corresponding to the second parameter set is x>10, then when the value of x is less than or equal to 10, the check fails; when the value of x is greater than 10, the check passes.

[0106] In addition, it should be noted that the verification Boolean expression may involve one, multiple or all second parameters in the second parameter set. This application only uses this as an example and does not limit it.

[0107] In addition, it should be noted that, for the third parameter set, since it does not have a pre-configured second parameter set, the third parameter set must meet the first condition.

[0108] By setting multiple first conditions, the above method can comprehensively mark the parameter sets corresponding to all calibration nodes in the parameter list that should be added to the quantum bit calibration map, thereby ensuring the integrity of the construction of the quantum bit calibration map.

[0109] In some embodiments, if the parameter set is a dependent first parameter set and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set fails verification, the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set is added to the parameter list.

[0110] The second parameter set configured by the dependent first parameter set should not already be in the parameter list. For example, if parameter set a in the parameter list is the dependent first parameter set, the second parameter set configured by the dependent first parameter set is parameter set b, and parameter set b fails the verification, and parameter set b is not in the parameter list, then parameter set b is added to the parameter list.

[0111] In some embodiments, a third mapping can be defined as mapping from the second parameter set to the calibration node corresponding to the first parameter set on which the second parameter set depends. This third mapping can be represented by an f3 mapping. The f3 mapping is requied_param → calibrate_node, where requied_param represents the second parameter set and calibrate_node represents the calibration node. Furthermore, it should be noted that the f3 mapping is successful only if the second parameter set has a corresponding calibration node, i.e., the first parameter set with a corresponding calibration node is defined as the second parameter set configured by the other first parameter sets.

[0112] In some embodiments, if a parameter set in a parameter list is a dependent first parameter set, and a second parameter set configured by the dependent first parameter set fails verification, and the second parameter set has a corresponding calibration node, the second parameter set is added to the parameter list. For example, if the first parameter set of calibration node B is parameter set b, and the first parameter set of calibration node C is parameter set c, then the process of adding parameter set b and parameter set c to the parameter list in the above example can be described as first applying f3 mapping to parameter set b and parameter set c, adding the results obtained by applying f3 mapping, i.e., calibration node B and calibration node C, to an intermediate node set, and then applying f3 inverse mapping to the calibration nodes in the intermediate node set, and adding parameter set b and parameter set c obtained by f3 inverse mapping to the parameter list.

[0113] In addition, since the first condition includes that the second parameter set configured by the dependent first parameter set has been added with a first mark, for the second parameter set added to the parameter list, it should be determined first whether the second parameter set meets the first condition, and then re-determined whether the parameter set in the above parameter list meets the first condition.

[0114] Exemplarily, if parameter set a in the parameter list is configured with a second parameter set, which is parameter set b, and parameter set b is added to the parameter list through the above method, and parameter set b meets the first condition, then when parameter set a is re-evaluated, parameter set a also meets the first condition.

[0115] Failure of the second parameter set to pass verification means that the second parameter set does not meet the reference requirements of the calibration node and needs to be calibrated to meet the reference requirements. In other words, the calibration node corresponding to the second parameter set needs to be added to the qubit calibration graph as a predecessor node of the calibration node corresponding to the dependent first parameter set. Therefore, through the above method, the first parameter set configured for at least one target calibration node and the second parameter set corresponding to the dependent first parameter set are added to the parameter list, ensuring the integrity of the qubit calibration graph construction.

[0116] In addition, when there are circular dependencies between calibration nodes, due to the different reference requirements between calibration nodes, setting up a verification link can avoid loops in the qubit calibration graph. For example, if the first parameter set of calibration node A is parameter set a, the second parameter set configured by parameter set a is parameter set b, and the first parameter set of calibration node B is parameter set b, the second parameter set configured by parameter set b is parameter set a. For the first and third dependency conditions that cannot be met simultaneously, when the first dependency condition is met, calibration node B depends on calibration node A, that is, parameter set b depends on parameter set a. When the third dependency condition is met, calibration node A depends on calibration node B, that is, parameter set a depends on parameter set b. After the verification process is introduced, the above situation can be seen as follows: for calibration node A, when the third dependency condition is met, parameter set b of calibration node B, on which it depends, fails verification; when the third dependency condition is not met, parameter set b of calibration node B, on which it depends, passes verification; for calibration node B, when the first dependency condition is met, parameter set a of calibration node A, on which it depends, fails verification; when the first dependency condition is not met, parameter set a of calibration node A, on which it depends, passes verification. Because the first and third dependency conditions cannot be met simultaneously, for calibration nodes A and B, parameter sets a and b cannot simultaneously pass verification when used as the second parameter set. This ultimately avoids the appearance of a loop in the qubit calibration graph where calibration nodes A and B are mutually dependent.

[0117] In some embodiments, if the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set passes verification, the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set is not added to the parameter list.

[0118] Exemplarily, if parameter set a in the parameter list is the dependent first parameter set, and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set is parameter set b, and parameter set b passes verification, then parameter set b is not added to the parameter list.

[0119] Passing verification for the second parameter set means that it meets the reference requirements for the calibration node and does not require recalibration. In other words, the calibration node corresponding to the second parameter set does not need to be added to the qubit calibration graph as a predecessor of the calibration node corresponding to the dependent first parameter set. In the above method, by not adding the verified second parameter to the parameter list, the generated qubit calibration graph retains only the necessary calibration nodes, thereby reducing the complexity of the qubit calibration graph and improving the efficiency of the qubit calibration process.

[0120] In some embodiments, when the second parameter set corresponding to the dependent first parameter set configuration fails to pass verification and does not have a corresponding calibration node, the second parameter set corresponding to the dependent first parameter set configuration is moved from the parameter list to the error parameter list, which is used to record the error parameter set in which the error occurs.

[0121] A parameter set error means that a second parameter set configured on a dependent first parameter set fails verification and has no corresponding calibration node. A second parameter set having no corresponding calibration node means that no calibration node defines the second parameter set as the first parameter set of a certain calibration node.

[0122] In some embodiments, the parameter set error may also be expressed as a failure to use f3 mapping for the second parameter set configured in correspondence to the dependent first parameter set.

[0123] For example, if parameter set a in the parameter list is the dependent first parameter set, parameter set b is the second parameter set configured corresponding to the above-mentioned dependent first parameter set, and parameter set b is the parameter set that has not passed the verification, then when parameter set b does not have a corresponding calibration node, it is deemed that parameter set b fails to use f3 mapping, and parameter set a is moved from the parameter list to the error parameter list.

[0124] The above method can avoid adding the second parameter set that fails the verification and has no corresponding calibration node as a preceding node to the quantum bit calibration map by removing the erroneous parameter set from the parameter list, thereby improving the accuracy of the generated quantum bit calibration map.

[0125] In some embodiments, when at least one error parameter set is recorded in the error parameter list, error prompt information is displayed, where the error prompt information is used to indicate the error parameter set recorded in the error parameter list.

[0126] Exemplarily, the error prompt information may be a pop-up window, which displays the error parameter set recorded in the error parameter list.

[0127] Through the above method, the parameter set with errors can be intuitively prompted, allowing users to quickly determine the calibration nodes that need to be checked or redefined, thereby improving the accuracy of the quantum bit calibration map.

[0128] Sub-step 446: Determine the at least two parameter sets with the first mark added to the parameter list as at least two target parameter sets for constructing the quantum bit calibration map corresponding to the real-time calibration task.

[0129] Step 450: In response to a dependency relationship between at least two target parameter sets, determine a connection relationship between calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets according to the dependency relationship, and generate a quantum bit calibration graph based on the connection relationship.

[0130] The existence of a dependency relationship between at least two target parameter sets means that, among the at least two target parameter sets, the parameter value adjustment of at least one parameter in one target parameter set depends on at least one parameter in the other target parameter set. Optionally, there may be only one set of dependencies between the at least two target parameter sets, that is, there is only a mapping relationship between two target data sets in the at least two target parameter sets, and the two target parameter sets include a dependent first parameter set and a second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set. For example, if there is only a dependency relationship between target parameter set 1 and target parameter set 2 among the at least two target parameter sets, then if target parameter set 1 is the dependent first parameter set, then target parameter set 2 is the second parameter set preconfigured by target parameter set 1, or if target parameter set 2 is the dependent first parameter set, then target parameter set 1 is the second parameter set preconfigured by target parameter set 2. Optionally, there may be multiple groups of dependencies in at least two target parameter sets, that is, there is a mapping relationship between two target data sets in at least two target parameter sets. For example, there is a dependency relationship between target parameter set 1 and target parameter set 2, and a dependency relationship between target parameter set 3 and target parameter set 4 in at least two target parameter sets. If target parameter set 1 is the dependent first parameter set, target parameter set 2 is the second parameter set pre-configured for target parameter set 1. If target parameter set 3 is the dependent first parameter set, target parameter set 4 is the second parameter set pre-configured for target parameter set 3.

[0131] "There is a dependency relationship between at least two target parameter sets" means that there is a dependency relationship between at least two target parameter sets, and does not mean that every target parameter set has a dependency relationship with at least one target parameter set. For example, one of the at least two target parameter sets may not have a dependency relationship with any other target parameter set.

[0132] Based on the dependency between the two target parameter sets, a connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the two target parameter sets is determined, where the connection relationship indicates the direction of a directed edge between the calibration nodes corresponding to the two target parameter sets. A qubit calibration graph is generated based on the directions of the directed edges between the calibration nodes corresponding to at least two target parameter sets.

[0133] If there is a target parameter set among at least two target parameter sets that has no dependency relationship with any other target parameter set, then there is no connection relationship between the calibration node corresponding to the target parameter set and the calibration nodes corresponding to the other target parameter sets. In this case, the calibration node corresponding to the target parameter set is not included in the generated quantum bit calibration graph.

[0134] The calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets each include at least one target calibration node corresponding to the real-time calibration task. Optionally, in the case where there is a target parameter set as a dependent first parameter set in the calibration nodes of the at least two target parameter sets, the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets each may also include calibration nodes corresponding to the second parameter sets configured by each dependent first parameter set. For example, if the at least two target parameter sets include target parameter set 1, target parameter set 2, and target parameter set 3, wherein the calibration nodes corresponding to target parameter set 1 and target parameter set 2 are target calibration nodes, and there is a dependency relationship between target parameter set 1 and target parameter set 3, then the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets each also include a calibration node corresponding to target parameter set 3, and the calibration node corresponding to target parameter set 3 is not a target calibration node.

[0135] In addition, the second parameter set configured in dependence on the first parameter set may correspond to only one calibration node or to multiple calibration nodes. For example, if the second parameters in the second parameter set are all first parameters in a first parameter set, or are all third parameters in a third parameter set, then the second parameter set corresponds to the calibration node corresponding to the first parameter set, or corresponds to the chip node corresponding to the third parameter set. If the second parameters in the second parameter set are respectively the first parameters in two first parameter sets, then the second parameter set corresponds to the calibration nodes corresponding to the two first parameter sets, or if the second parameters in the second parameter set are respectively the first parameters in a first parameter set and the third parameters in a third parameter set, then the second parameter set corresponds to the calibration node corresponding to the first parameter set and the chip node corresponding to the third parameter set.

[0136] Referring to FIG. 7 , in some embodiments, step 450 may include at least one of sub-steps 452 - 456 .

[0137] Sub-step 452: determining at least one set of a first target parameter set and a second target parameter set having a dependency relationship from at least two target parameter sets.

[0138] Alternatively, the first target parameter set may be a dependent first parameter set, and the second target parameter set may be a second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set. Alternatively, the second target parameter set may be a dependent first parameter set, and the first target parameter set may be a second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set.

[0139] Sub-step 454, if the first target parameter set is the dependent first parameter set and the second target parameter set is the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set, then determine that there is a connection relationship between the calibration node corresponding to the first target parameter set and the calibration node corresponding to the second target parameter set, and the connection relationship is that the calibration node corresponding to the second target parameter set points to the calibration node corresponding to the first target parameter set.

[0140] Assuming that the first target parameter set is the dependent first parameter set and the second target parameter set is the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set, the direction of the directed edge between the calibration node corresponding to the first target parameter set and the calibration node corresponding to the second target parameter set is from the calibration node corresponding to the second target parameter set to the calibration node corresponding to the first target parameter set.

[0141] For a calibration node, its first parameter set depends on its second parameter set. Therefore, the dependency relationship between calibration nodes can be characterized by the dependency relationship between parameter sets. For example, if the first parameter set of calibration node A is parameter set a, and the second parameter set on which this first parameter set depends is parameter set b, and parameter set b includes the first parameter set of calibration node B and the first parameter set of calibration node C, then calibration node A has a dependency relationship on calibration node B and calibration node C. Furthermore, the connection relationship between calibration node A, calibration node B, and calibration node C is that calibration node B and calibration node C are respectively connected to calibration node A, and the direction is that calibration node B and calibration node C point to calibration node A, respectively.

[0142] Sub-step 456: Use the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets as nodes in the qubit calibration graph, and construct directed edges between the nodes in the qubit calibration graph based on the connection relationship to obtain the qubit calibration graph.

[0143] The calibration nodes corresponding to at least one of the first and second target parameter sets, which are in a dependent relationship, are used as nodes in the qubit calibration graph. If a target parameter set in the at least two target parameter sets does not have a dependent relationship with any other target parameter set, then the target parameter set is not used as a node in the qubit calibration graph.

[0144] In some embodiments, based on the connection relationship, the direction of the directed edge between at least one group of calibration nodes corresponding to the first target parameter set and the calibration nodes corresponding to the second target parameter set with a dependency relationship is determined; and according to the direction of the directed edge between at least one group of calibration nodes corresponding to the first target parameter set and the calibration nodes corresponding to the second target parameter set with a dependency relationship, a quantum bit calibration graph is obtained.

[0145] Based on the connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to at least one set of first target parameter sets and second target parameter sets with a dependent relationship, the direction of the directed edges between the calibration nodes corresponding to at least one set of first target parameter sets and second target parameter sets with a dependent relationship is determined, thereby determining the direction of the directed edges between each node in the quantum bit calibration graph, and finally obtaining a directed acyclic graph as the above-mentioned quantum bit calibration graph.

[0146] In addition, it should be noted that, in some embodiments, for the third parameter set in the parameter list, a chip node can be introduced into the quantum bit calibration map as its corresponding calibration node, so that the quantum bit calibration map is more complete.

[0147] For example, if the quantum bit calibration diagram only includes chip node S, calibration node A, calibration node B, calibration node C and calibration node D, where calibration node A depends on chip node S, calibration node B and calibration node C depend on calibration node A respectively, and calibration node C also depends on calibration node D, then a quantum bit calibration diagram as shown in Figure 9 can be generated.

[0148] In the quantum bit calibration graph obtained by the above method, directed edges between the nodes in the quantum bit calibration graph are constructed, and only calibration nodes corresponding to at least two target parameter sets with a dependency relationship are included, so that the complexity of the obtained quantum bit calibration graph is lower and the graphical representation is clearer.

[0149] The technical solution provided by this application obtains a set of nodes in the qubit calibration process, obtains a first parameter set configured for each calibration node, and obtains a pre-configured second parameter set for at least one first parameter set. This allows at least two target parameter sets to be determined for constructing a qubit calibration graph corresponding to a real-time calibration task from the first parameter set configured for each of the at least one target calibration node and the second parameter set configured for the dependent first parameter set therein. Based on the dependency relationship between the at least two target parameter sets and the connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets, a qubit calibration graph is generated. This qubit calibration graph only contains target calibration nodes related to the real-time calibration task and can be automatically updated as the target calibration nodes change in real time. Therefore, a less complex and more targeted qubit calibration graph can be provided for the real-time calibration task, thereby improving the efficiency of the qubit calibration process.

[0150] In some embodiments, after generating the qubit calibration map, the method further comprises:

[0151] 1. According to the connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets contained in the quantum bit calibration graph, the calibration process of the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets is performed in sequence.

[0152] For example, when performing quantum bit calibration according to the quantum bit calibration diagram shown in Figure 9, before executing the calibration process corresponding to calibration node B, the calibration process corresponding to calibration node A must be executed first; before executing the calibration process corresponding to calibration node C, the calibration processes corresponding to calibration nodes A and calibration nodes D must be executed first.

[0153] In addition, it should be noted that the chip node in the quantum bit calibration diagram is only used to indicate the dependency between the target parameter sets and does not have a corresponding calibration process.

[0154] 2. For any calibration node corresponding to a target parameter set, a calibrated target parameter set is obtained based on the calibration process of the calibration node corresponding to the target parameter set;

[0155] After completing the calibration process for a calibration node, the target parameter set for that calibration node may change due to the series of parameter calibration and settings. For example, for calibration node D in Figure 9, if parameter x is included in its target parameter set, then after completing the corresponding calibration process, parameter x may change from 9 to 11.

[0156] 3. Update the qubit calibration map based on the calibrated target parameter set.

[0157] The update to the quantum bit calibration diagram may be at least one of adding new calibration nodes, removing existing calibration nodes, and changing the connection relationship between calibration nodes, which is not limited in this application.

[0158] Compared to the target parameter set before calibration, the target parameter set after calibration may change from being able to pass verification to failing verification, or vice versa, when used as the second parameter set on which the first parameter set of other calibration nodes depends. This results in a corresponding change in the qubit calibration map.

[0159] For example, for calibration node D in FIG9 , if its first parameter set is parameter set d, parameter set d contains parameter x, the value of parameter x before calibration is 9, and the value of parameter x after calibration is 11, and for calibration node C, its second parameter set includes parameter set d, and a verification Boolean expression x>10 exists for this second parameter set. Then, after calibration of calibration node D is completed, parameter set d, which originally could not pass the verification Boolean expression for calibration node C, can now pass the verification. Since no other calibration nodes in the calibration graph depend on calibration node D, calibration node D can be removed from the qubit calibration graph at this time, resulting in the updated qubit calibration graph shown in FIG10 .

[0160] Through the above method, during the qubit calibration process, the qubit calibration map can be dynamically adjusted according to the parameter changes of the calibration nodes that have been running, thereby realizing the feedback of the qubit calibration process on the qubit calibration map generation process, and further improving the accuracy and immediacy of the qubit calibration map generation.

[0161] In addition, in some embodiments, the quantum bit calibration diagrams of all calibration nodes that have completed execution can be archived as data to provide a reference for subsequent quantum bit calibration processes.

[0162] Please refer to Figure 11, which shows a block diagram of a specific solution of a method for constructing a quantum bit calibration diagram provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0163] In this solution, after inputting the parameter list, first determine whether all parameter sets in the parameter list have been added with the first mark. If not, select any parameter set in the parameter list that has not been added with the first mark. First determine whether the parameter set can be successfully mapped using f2. If so, add the first mark to the parameter set. If not, then determine whether the second parameter set configured by the parameter set can be successfully mapped using f3. If the f3 mapping is successful, the parameter list is updated accordingly. For the specific update method, please refer to the above embodiment, which will not be described in detail here. If not, the parameter set is moved from the parameter list to the error parameter list. Finally, when all parameter sets in the parameter list have been added with the first mark, first determine whether the error parameter list is empty. If so, directly generate the quantum bit calibration map. If not, prompt the error parameter set in the error parameter list and generate the quantum bit calibration map.

[0164] The following is a specific example to further illustrate the method for constructing a qubit calibration map provided by an embodiment of the present application. In this example, for ease of explanation, the second parameter set and the first parameter set of each calibration node each contain only one parameter, and each parameter is directly referred to as the second parameter or the first parameter.

[0165] First, assume that a quantum chip is defined using the following code:

[0166] That is, param5 is the third parameter of the quantum chip.

[0167] Afterwards, assume that calibration node 1 is defined by the following code:

[0168] That is, the name of calibration node 1 is Node1, the first parameter is param1, the second parameters are param3 and param5, and a corresponding check Boolean expression param3>20 is defined.

[0169] Assume that calibration node 2 is defined by the following code:

[0170] That is, the name of calibration node 2 is Node2, the first parameter is param2, the second parameters are param1 and param4, and corresponding check Boolean expressions param1>10 and param4>10 are defined.

[0171] Assume that calibration node 3 is defined by the following code:

[0172] That is, the name of calibration node 3 is Node3, and the first parameter is param3.

[0173] And, assuming the calibration target is entered via the following code:

[0174] That is, the calibration targets are Node1 and param2.

[0175] And, suppose the value of param1 is 9, the value of param2 is 2, the value of param3 is 11, the value of param4 is 11, and the value of param5 is 10.

[0176] Based on the above calibration targets, a parameter list can be constructed, which includes: param1 (the first parameter of Node1), param2, and param5 (the third parameter of the quantum chip).

[0177] For param5, since it is the third parameter of the quantum chip, its corresponding chip node Chip_Node does not have any second parameter, so param5 meets the first condition, the first mark is added to param5, and Chip_Node is added to the quantum bit calibration map.

[0178] For param1, since its corresponding calibration node Node1 has a second parameter param3 without the first mark added, and param3=11, it does not satisfy the verification Boolean expression of param3>20, and its second parameters param3 and param5 both have corresponding calibration nodes, param3 can be added to the parameter list.

[0179] For param3, since its corresponding calibration node Node3 does not have the second parameter, param3 meets the first condition, a first mark is added to param3, and Node3 is added to the quantum bit calibration graph.

[0180] At this time, for param1, since its second parameters param3 and param5 are both added with the first mark, it also meets the first condition, the first mark is added to param1, and Node1 is added to the quantum bit calibration map.

[0181] For param2, since its corresponding calibration node Node2 has the second parameters param1 and param4, param1 has been added with the first mark, param4=11, which satisfies the verification Boolean expression of param4>10, so it meets the first condition, adds the first mark to param2, and adds Node2 to the quantum bit calibration diagram.

[0182] Finally, four calibration nodes, Node1, Node2, Node3, and Chip_Node, are added to the qubit calibration diagram. Based on the defined parameter dependency between them, the qubit calibration diagram sample shown in Figure 12 can be obtained.

[0183] The following are device embodiments of the present application, which can be used to implement the method embodiments of the present application. For details not disclosed in the device embodiments of the present application, please refer to the method embodiments of the present application.

[0184] Please refer to Figure 13, which shows a block diagram of a device for constructing a qubit calibration map according to one embodiment of the present application. This device has the function of implementing the above-mentioned method for constructing a qubit calibration map. This function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The device can be a computer device or can be provided within a computer device. The device 1300 may include: a node acquisition module 1310, a parameter acquisition module 1320, a task acquisition module 1330, a parameter determination module 1340, and a calibration map construction module 1350.

[0185] A node acquisition module 1310 is configured to acquire a node set for performing a calibration process on one or more quantum bits in a quantum chip, wherein the node set includes at least two calibration nodes, each calibration node is configured with a corresponding first parameter set, and the first parameter set includes one or more first parameters whose parameter values ​​are adjusted by the calibration node when performing the calibration process.

[0186] The parameter acquisition module 1320 is used to obtain a preconfigured second parameter set for at least one first parameter set, where the second parameter set includes one or more second parameters, wherein the parameter value adjustment of at least one first parameter of the at least one first parameter set depends on at least one second parameter, and the at least one first parameter set constitutes a dependent first parameter set.

[0187] The task acquisition module 1330 is configured to acquire a real-time calibration task, where the real-time calibration task indicates selecting at least one target calibration node from the node set.

[0188] The parameter determination module 1340 is used to determine at least two target parameter sets for constructing a quantum bit calibration diagram corresponding to the real-time calibration task from the first parameter set configured for each of the at least one target calibration node and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set when the first parameter set corresponding to the at least one target calibration node is the dependent first parameter set. The quantum bit calibration diagram is used to graphically represent the arrangement and combination of at least one target calibration node selected for the real-time calibration task.

[0189] The calibration diagram construction module 1350 is used to determine the connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets according to the dependency relationship in response to the dependency relationship between the at least two target parameter sets, and generate the quantum bit calibration diagram based on the connection relationship.

[0190] In some embodiments, the parameter determination module 1340 is configured to:

[0191] Constructing a parameter list, the parameter list including a first parameter set configured for each of the at least one target calibration node and a second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set therein;

[0192] For each parameter set included in the parameter list, if the parameter set satisfies a first condition, adding a first mark to the parameter set, wherein the first condition includes: the parameter set is the dependent first parameter set and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set passes verification or has been added with the first mark, or the parameter set is not the dependent first parameter set;

[0193] The at least two parameter sets to which the first mark is added in the parameter list are determined as the at least two target parameter sets for constructing the quantum bit calibration map corresponding to the real-time calibration task.

[0194] In some embodiments, the parameter determination module 1340 is further configured to:

[0195] If the parameter set is the dependent first parameter set and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set fails verification, the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set is added to the parameter list.

[0196] In some embodiments, if the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set passes verification, the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set is not added to the parameter list.

[0197] In some embodiments, the parameter determination module 1340 is further configured to:

[0198] When the second parameter set corresponding to the dependent first parameter set configuration fails to pass the verification and it does not have a corresponding calibration node, the second parameter set corresponding to the dependent first parameter set configuration is moved from the parameter list to the error parameter list, and the error parameter list is used to record the error parameter set in which the error occurs.

[0199] In some embodiments, the parameter determination module 1340 is further configured to:

[0200] In a case where at least one of the error parameter sets is recorded in the error parameter list, error prompt information is displayed, where the error prompt information is used to indicate the error parameter set recorded in the error parameter list.

[0201] In some embodiments, the calibration map construction module 1350 is configured to:

[0202] Determining, from the at least two target parameter sets, at least one first target parameter set and a second target parameter set having the dependency relationship;

[0203] If the first target parameter set is the dependent first parameter set and the second target parameter set is the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set, then determining that the connection relationship exists between the calibration node corresponding to the first target parameter set and the calibration node corresponding to the second target parameter set, and the connection relationship is that the calibration node corresponding to the second target parameter set points to the calibration node corresponding to the first target parameter set;

[0204] The calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets are used as nodes in the qubit calibration graph, and directed edges between the nodes in the qubit calibration graph are constructed based on the connection relationship to obtain the qubit calibration graph.

[0205] In some embodiments, the calibration map construction module 1350 is configured to:

[0206] Based on the connection relationship, determining a direction of a directed edge between at least one set of calibration nodes corresponding to the first target parameter set and calibration nodes corresponding to the second target parameter set having the dependency relationship;

[0207] The quantum bit calibration graph is obtained according to the direction of the directed edge between at least one set of calibration nodes corresponding to the first target parameter set and the calibration nodes corresponding to the second target parameter set that have the dependency relationship.

[0208] In some embodiments, the apparatus 1300 further includes a calibration map updating module, wherein the calibration map updating module is configured to:

[0209] executing calibration processes of the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets in sequence according to a connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets contained in the qubit calibration graph;

[0210] For any calibration node corresponding to the target parameter set, obtaining the calibrated target parameter set based on the calibration process of the calibration node corresponding to the target parameter set;

[0211] The quantum bit calibration map is updated according to the calibrated target parameter set.

[0212] It should be noted that the apparatus provided in the above embodiments, when implementing its functions, is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the apparatus and method embodiments provided in the above embodiments are based on the same concept. The specific implementation process is detailed in the method embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0213] Please refer to FIG14 , which exemplarily shows a structural block diagram of a computer device provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0214] Typically, the computer device 1400 includes a processor 1401 and a memory 1402 .

[0215] The processor 1401 may include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, and the like. The processor 1401 may be implemented in at least one hardware form of DSP (Digital Signal Processing), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or PLA (Programmable Logic Array). The processor 1401 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor. The main processor is a processor for processing data in an awake state, also known as a CPU (Central Processing Unit); the coprocessor is a low-power processor for processing data in a standby state. In some embodiments, the processor 1401 may be integrated with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the display screen. In some embodiments, the processor 1401 may also include an AI processor for processing computing operations related to machine learning.

[0216] Memory 1402 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be tangible and non-transitory. Memory 1402 may also include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices and flash memory storage devices. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in memory 1402 stores a computer program, which is loaded and executed by processor 1401 to implement the above-described method for constructing a qubit calibration map.

[0217] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the structure shown in FIG. 14 does not limit the computer device 1400 , and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or adopt a different component arrangement.

[0218] In some embodiments, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided, wherein the storage medium stores a computer program, and the computer program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned method for constructing a quantum bit calibration diagram.

[0219] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium may include: ROM (Read-Only Memory), RAM (Random-Access Memory), SSD (Solid State Drives), or an optical disk, etc. Among them, the random access memory may include ReRAM (Resistance Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).

[0220] In some embodiments, a computer program product is also provided, which includes a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor reads and executes the computer program from the computer-readable storage medium to implement the above-mentioned method for constructing a quantum bit calibration diagram.

[0221] It should be understood that the "multiple" mentioned in this article refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and subsequent associated objects are in an "or" relationship. In addition, the step numbers described in this article only illustrate a possible execution sequence between the steps. In some other embodiments, the above steps may not be executed in the order of the numbers, such as two steps with different numbers are executed at the same time, or two steps with different numbers are executed in the opposite order to the diagram. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0222] The above are merely exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a quantum bit calibration map, the method being executed by a computer device, the method comprising: Acquire a node set for performing a calibration process on one or more quantum bits in a quantum chip, wherein the node set includes at least two calibration nodes, each calibration node is configured with a corresponding first parameter set, and the first parameter set includes one or more first parameters whose parameter values ​​are adjusted by the calibration node when performing the calibration process; For at least one first parameter set, obtaining a preconfigured second parameter set, the second parameter set comprising one or more second parameters, wherein the parameter value adjustment of at least one first parameter of the at least one first parameter set depends on at least one second parameter, and the at least one first parameter set constitutes a dependent first parameter set; Acquire a real-time calibration task, wherein the real-time calibration task indicates selecting at least one target calibration node from the node set; When the first parameter set corresponding to at least one of the target calibration nodes is the dependent first parameter set, determining at least two target parameter sets for constructing a quantum bit calibration graph corresponding to the real-time calibration task from the first parameter set configured for each of the at least one target calibration node and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set, the quantum bit calibration graph being used to graphically represent an arrangement and combination of at least one target calibration node selected for the real-time calibration task; In response to a dependency relationship between the at least two target parameter sets, a connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets is determined according to the dependency relationship, and the quantum bit calibration graph is generated based on the connection relationship.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The determining, from the first parameter set configured for each of the at least one target calibration node and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set, at least two target parameter sets for constructing a quantum bit calibration graph corresponding to the real-time calibration task comprises: Constructing a parameter list, the parameter list comprising a first parameter set configured for each of the at least one target calibration node and a second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set therein; For each parameter set included in the parameter list, if the parameter set satisfies a first condition, adding a first mark to the parameter set, wherein the first condition includes: the parameter set is the dependent first parameter set and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set passes verification or has been added with the first mark, or the parameter set is not the dependent first parameter set; At least two parameter sets with the first mark added to the parameter list are determined as the at least two target parameter sets for constructing the quantum bit calibration map corresponding to the real-time calibration task.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The method further comprises: If the parameter set is the dependent first parameter set and the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set fails verification, the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set is added to the parameter list.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: If the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set passes verification, the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set is not added to the parameter list.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: The method further comprises: When the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set fails to pass verification and does not have a corresponding calibration node, the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set is moved from the parameter list to the error parameter list, and the error parameter list is used to record the error parameter set in which the error occurs.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The method further comprises: In the case where at least one of the error parameter sets is recorded in the error parameter list, error prompt information is displayed, where the error prompt information is used to indicate the error parameter set recorded in the error parameter list.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: Determining the connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets according to the dependency relationship, and generating the quantum bit calibration graph based on the connection relationship, includes: Determine, from the at least two target parameter sets, at least one set of a first target parameter set and a second target parameter set having the dependency relationship; If the first target parameter set is the dependent first parameter set and the second target parameter set is the second parameter set configured corresponding to the dependent first parameter set, it is determined that there is the connection relationship between the calibration node corresponding to the first target parameter set and the calibration node corresponding to the second target parameter set, and the connection relationship is that the calibration node corresponding to the second target parameter set points to the calibration node corresponding to the first target parameter set; The calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets are used as nodes in the qubit calibration graph, and directed edges between the nodes in the qubit calibration graph are constructed based on the connection relationship to obtain the qubit calibration graph.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The step of using the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets as nodes in the qubit calibration graph, and constructing directed edges between the nodes in the qubit calibration graph based on the connection relationship to obtain the qubit calibration graph includes: Based on the connection relationship, determine the direction of the directed edge between at least one set of calibration nodes corresponding to the first target parameter set and calibration nodes corresponding to the second target parameter set that have the dependency relationship; The quantum bit calibration graph is obtained according to the directions of the directed edges between at least one set of calibration nodes corresponding to the first target parameter set and calibration nodes corresponding to the second target parameter set that have the dependency relationship.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: After generating the quantum bit calibration diagram, the method further includes: According to the connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets respectively contained in the qubit calibration graph, sequentially execute the calibration process of the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets respectively; For any calibration node corresponding to the target parameter set, based on the calibration process of the calibration node corresponding to the target parameter set, obtaining the calibrated target parameter set; The quantum bit calibration map is updated according to the calibrated target parameter set.

10. A device for constructing a quantum bit calibration map, the device comprising: A node acquisition module, used to acquire a node set for performing a calibration process on one or more quantum bits in a quantum chip, wherein the node set includes at least two calibration nodes, each calibration node is configured with a corresponding first parameter set, and the first parameter set includes one or more first parameters whose parameter values ​​are adjusted by the calibration node when performing the calibration process; a parameter acquisition module, configured to acquire, for at least one first parameter set, a preconfigured second parameter set, the second parameter set comprising one or more second parameters, wherein the parameter value adjustment of at least one first parameter of the at least one first parameter set depends on at least one second parameter, and the at least one first parameter set constitutes a dependent first parameter set; A task acquisition module, used to acquire a real-time calibration task, wherein the real-time calibration task indicates selecting at least one target calibration node from the node set; a parameter determination module, configured to, when the first parameter set corresponding to at least one of the target calibration nodes is the dependent first parameter set, determine the first parameter set configured for each of the at least one target calibration nodes and the first parameter set corresponding thereto; In the second parameter set configured by the dependent first parameter set, at least two target parameter sets are determined for constructing a quantum bit calibration graph corresponding to the real-time calibration task, the quantum bit calibration graph being used to graphically represent an arrangement and combination of at least one target calibration node selected for the real-time calibration task; A calibration diagram construction module is used to determine the connection relationship between the calibration nodes corresponding to the at least two target parameter sets according to the dependency relationship in response to the dependency relationship between the at least two target parameter sets, and generate the quantum bit calibration diagram based on the connection relationship.

11. A computer device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the computer program is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

12. A computer-readable storage medium, wherein a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

13. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program is stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor reads and executes the computer program from the computer-readable storage medium to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

Images