Antenna module and electronic device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of electronics, and specifically discloses an antenna module and an electronic device. The antenna module comprises a floor, a first radiator, and a second radiator. The first radiator comprises a first radiation part and a second radiation part. The second radiation part is located between the first radiation part and the second radiator, and a gap is formed between the second radiation part and the second radiator. A first connection point of a connection portion between the first radiation part and the second radiation part is connected to the floor, and the end portion of the second radiator distant from the second radiation part is connected to the floor. The second radiator is coupled to the second radiation part. The second radiator, the second radiation part, and the floor constitute a first slot antenna. The first radiation part and the second radiation part constitute a wire antenna.

Description

Antenna modules and electronic devices

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications:

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on June 28, 2023, with application number 202310772594.7 and invention name “Antenna Module and Electronic Device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of electronic technology, and in particular to an antenna module and an electronic device. Background Art

[0004] With the continuous development of antenna technology, antenna modules are increasingly used in people's lives. However, due to the limited space required to install antenna modules, the size of antenna modules is usually small, resulting in poor radiation performance of antenna modules.

[0005] Currently, the specific absorption ratio (SAR) is commonly used to measure the impact of antenna module radiation signals on the human body. Improving the radiation performance of an antenna module tends to increase the SAR, which in turn leads to a greater absorption of the antenna module's electromagnetic radiation energy by the human body. This suggests that it is currently difficult to achieve both the radiation performance of the antenna module and the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation energy by the human body, resulting in poor antenna module performance.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application aims to provide an antenna module and an electronic device to solve the problem of poor radiation performance of current antenna modules.

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application proposes an antenna module, comprising: a floor, a first radiator and a second radiator, the first radiator comprising a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion, the second radiating portion being located between the first radiating portion and the second radiator, and a gap being provided between the second radiating portion and the second radiator, the first connection point of the connecting portion between the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion being connected to the floor, and the end of the second radiator away from the second radiating portion being connected to the floor; wherein the second radiator is coupled to the second radiating portion, the second radiator, the second radiating portion and the floor constitute a first slot antenna; the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion constitute a wire antenna.

[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application proposes an electronic device, comprising: the antenna module in the above-mentioned first aspect.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present application, a second radiator is coupled to a second radiating portion. The second radiator, the second radiating portion, and the floor constitute a first slot antenna, and the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion constitute a wire antenna. In this way, the first slot antenna and the wire antenna can reuse the second radiating portion, thereby reducing the size of the antenna module. At the same time, the first slot antenna and the wire antenna can be cascaded to achieve a hybrid of slot antenna mode and wire antenna mode, thereby constructing multiple high-efficiency and low-SAR hybrid resonant modes. This enhances the radiation performance of the antenna module and reduces SAR, thereby reducing the human body's absorption of the electromagnetic radiation energy of the antenna module, thereby enhancing the performance of the antenna module.

[0011] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0013] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0014] FIG2 a is a current distribution diagram of a wire antenna in an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0015] FIG2 b is a current distribution diagram of a slot antenna in an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0016] FIG2c is a current distribution diagram of a wire antenna in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0017] FIG2 d is a current distribution diagram of a slot antenna in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0018] FIG3 a is a magnetic field distribution diagram of a wire antenna in an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0019] FIG3 b is a magnetic field distribution diagram of a slot antenna in an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0020] FIG3 c is a magnetic field distribution diagram of a wire antenna in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] FIG3 d is a magnetic field distribution diagram of a slot antenna in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] FIG4 is a diagram of the radiation efficiency of an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] FIG5 a is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram in an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] FIG5 b is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] FIG5c is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] FIG5 d is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram in another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG8a is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG8b is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of the antenna module shown in FIG8a provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG8c is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG8 d is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of the antenna module shown in FIG8 c provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG8e is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG8f is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of the antenna module shown in FIG8e provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG9 is a diagram of radiation efficiency of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG10 is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG11 is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG12 is a diagram of radiation efficiency of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG13 is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG14 is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG16 is a diagram of radiation efficiency of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG17 is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG18 is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG19 is a diagram of radiation efficiency of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] FIG20 a is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] FIG20 b is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] FIG20c is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG20 d is a current distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG21 a is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG21 b is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] FIG21c is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG21 d is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG22 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] FIG23 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG24 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] FIG25 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG26 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] FIG27 is a schematic structural diagram of a frame of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] FIG28 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] FIG29 is a diagram showing radiation efficiency of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] FIG30 a is a current distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] FIG30 b is a current distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] FIG30c is a current distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0065] FIG31 is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] FIG32 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] FIG33 is a diagram of radiation efficiency of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] FIG34 is a current distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] FIG35 is a SAR hotspot distribution diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] FIG36 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0071] FIG37 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] FIG38 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] FIG39 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0074] FIG40 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0075] Figure 41 is a schematic structural diagram of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Specific embodiments

[0076] The following describes exemplary embodiments of the present application in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although exemplary embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present application and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 1 , the antenna module includes: a floor 40, a first radiator 10, and a second radiator 20. The first radiator 10 includes a first radiating portion 11 and a second radiating portion 12. The second radiating portion 12 is located between the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiator 20, and a gap is provided between the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20. A first connection point 13 of the connection portion between the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 is connected to the floor 40, and an end of the second radiator 20 away from the second radiating portion 12 is connected to the floor 40.

[0078] The second radiator 20 is coupled to the second radiating portion 12 , and the second radiator 20 , the second radiating portion 12 and the floor 40 constitute a first slot antenna 200 ; the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 constitute a wire antenna 100 .

[0079] Among them, the wire antenna 100 can be understood as the first radiator 10 in Figure 1, the length of the first radiating part 11 can be L1, and the length of the second radiating part 12 can be L2; the first slot antenna 200 can be understood as: a radiator formed by coupling the second radiator 20 and the second radiating part 12, and a slot antenna formed by being enclosed with the floor 40, and the length of the second radiator 20 can be L3.

[0080] The working principle of the embodiment of the present application can be described as follows:

[0081] The second radiator 20 is coupled to the second radiating portion 12, and the second radiator 20, the second radiating portion 12, and the floor 40 form a first slot antenna 200, while the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 form a wire antenna 100. In this way, the first slot antenna 200 and the wire antenna 100 can reuse the second radiating portion 12, thereby reducing the size of the antenna module. At the same time, the first slot antenna 200 and the wire antenna 100 can be cascaded to achieve a hybrid of slot antenna mode and wire antenna mode, thereby constructing multiple high-efficiency and low-SAR hybrid resonant modes. This enhances the radiation performance of the antenna module and reduces SAR, namely, reduces the human body's absorption of the electromagnetic radiation energy of the antenna module, thereby enhancing the performance of the antenna module.

[0082] The first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 may be integrally formed, that is, the first radiator 10 may be integrally formed, thereby enhancing the connection strength between the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12, that is, enhancing the overall strength of the first radiator 10.

[0083] Optionally, a first end of the second radiator 20 is grounded, and the first end is the end of the second radiator 20 away from the second radiating portion 12. In this way, compared with grounding other positions of the second radiator 20, the length of the first slot antenna 200 can be increased, thereby further enhancing the radiation performance of the first slot antenna 200.

[0084] It should be noted that according to the human body's absorption mechanism of electromagnetic waves, for human muscle tissue, the component of electromagnetic waves entering the human body is mainly the tangential component of the magnetic field. Therefore, the antenna resonance mode with opposite current distribution can construct a magnetic field with a phase difference of 180°, so that part of the magnetic field is offset by each other, so that the current distribution of the antenna module can often form more dispersed hotspots, thereby obtaining better SAR performance, that is, the human body absorbs less electromagnetic radiation energy from the antenna module, reducing the impact on the human body.

[0085] Optionally, the current distribution of the slot differential mode (SDM) of the slot antenna is shown in Figure 2d, the magnetic field distribution is shown in Figure 3d, and the hotspot distribution is shown in Figure 5d; the current distribution of the wire common mode (WCM) of the wire antenna is shown in Figure 2a, the magnetic field distribution is shown in Figure 3a, and the hotspot distribution is shown in Figure 5a. Since the current distributions of SDM and WCM are opposite, these two modes can be called "low SAR modes".

[0086] In addition, antenna resonant modes with co-directional current distributions often form concentrated hotspots due to the same phase of the magnetic fields they generate. This leads to an enhanced magnetic field after superposition, resulting in poor SAR performance. Examples include the slot common mode (SCM) of slot antennas and the wire differential mode (WDM) of wire antennas. The current distribution of the SCM is shown in Figure 2b, the magnetic field distribution is shown in Figure 3b, and the hotspot distribution is shown in Figure 5b. The current distribution of the WDM is shown in Figure 2c, the magnetic field distribution is shown in Figure 3c, and the hotspot distribution is shown in Figure 5c. Since the current distributions of the SCM and WDM are in the same direction, these two modes can be referred to as "high SAR modes."

[0087] However, antenna patterns with reverse current distribution often struggle to achieve good antenna efficiency, resulting in some radiation cancellation in the far field, and thus a poor user experience. As shown in Figure 4, the radiation efficiency of low-SAR patterns is often lower than that of high-SAR patterns. Consequently, SDM and WCM have dispersed SAR hotspots but low radiation efficiency, while SCM and WDM have high radiation efficiency but concentrated SAR hotspots, resulting in poor SAR performance. This suggests that current antenna modules struggle to achieve both good radiation performance and the human body's absorption of their electromagnetic radiation energy, resulting in poor performance.

[0088] As an optional embodiment, referring to FIG6 , the distributed currents on the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 are reversed, and the wire antenna 100 is in a common mode (Wire Common Mode, WCM); the distributed currents on the second radiator 20 and the second radiating portion 12 are reversed, and the first slot antenna 200 is in a differential mode (Slot Differential Mode, SDM).

[0089] Among them, since both WCM and SDM are low SAR modes, they have excellent SAR performance, but the radiation efficiency is low due to the reverse distribution current on the first radiation part 11 and the second radiation part 12, and the reverse distribution current on the second radiator 20 and the second radiation part 12, resulting in low radiation efficiency of WCM and SDM.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present application, the second radiating portion 12 is reused by the first slot antenna 200 and the linear antenna 100, so that the WCM and SDM are mixed, thereby obtaining two SAR hotspots, that is, the antenna module exhibits a dual-hotspot characteristic, thereby increasing the radiation bandwidth and radiation performance of the antenna module, and at the same time, improving the SAR performance of the antenna module.

[0091] As an optional embodiment, referring to FIG7 , the distributed currents on the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 are in opposite directions, and the wire antenna 100 is in the common mode WCM; the distributed currents on the second radiator 20 and the second radiating portion 12 are in the same direction, and the first slot antenna 200 is in the common mode SCM.

[0092] In the embodiment of the present application, since the WCM is a low SAR mode and the SCM is a high SAR mode, the second radiating portion 12 is reused by the first slot antenna 200 and the linear antenna 100, thereby mixing the WCM and the SCM, and thus two SAR hotspots can also be obtained, that is, the antenna module exhibits a dual-hotspot characteristic, which increases the radiation bandwidth and radiation performance of the antenna module, and at the same time, improves the SAR performance of the antenna module.

[0093] It should be noted that the above two methods, by mixing a low SAR mode or a high SAR mode into the low SAR mode, can improve the problem of low radiation efficiency of the low SAR mode itself, thereby making the radiation efficiency of the entire antenna module higher and the SAR performance better.

[0094] It should be noted that the WCM, SDM, and SCM described above are related to the antenna's operating frequency, which is not specifically limited. Optionally, when the operating frequency of the wire antenna 100 is 2.33 GHz, the wire antenna 100 is in the WCM; when the operating frequency of the first slot antenna 200 is 2.58 GHz, the first slot antenna 200 is in the SDM; and when the operating frequency of the first slot antenna 200 is 1.9 GHz, the first slot antenna 200 is in the SCM. Furthermore, when the operating frequency of the wire antenna 100 is 3.16 GHz, the wire antenna 100 is in the WDM.

[0095] As an optional embodiment, referring to Figures 6 and 7, the second radiating portion 12 includes a second connection point 14, which is electrically connected to the feed source of the antenna module; or, referring to Figure 15, the first radiating portion 11 includes a third connection point 15, which is electrically connected to the feed source.

[0096] In the embodiment of the present application, the second connection point 14 or the third connection point 15 is electrically connected to the feed source, thereby increasing the diversity and flexibility of the position of the electrical connection to the feed source.

[0097] As an optional embodiment, the first distance and the second distance are both within a preset range, the first distance is the distance between the first connection point 13 and the midpoint of the first radiator 10, and the second distance is the distance between the second connection point 14 and the midpoint of the first radiator 10.

[0098] The first connection point 13 may be referred to as a grounding point, and the second connection point 14 may be referred to as a feeding point.

[0099] The first and second distances are both within the preset range. This can be understood as referring to Figure 8a , where the first connection point 13 and the second connection point 14 are both located in the central region of the first radiator 10. Thus, due to the symmetry of the first radiator 10, the current distribution on the first radiator 10 is completely symmetrical, and the reverse current ratio is close to 1. Referring to Figure 8b , the SAR hotspot map exhibits a relatively ideal multi-hotspot characteristic. In this case, the common-mode mode of the wire antenna is "highly pure," resulting in better SAR performance for the wire antenna.

[0100] If the first connection point 13 or the second connection point 14 is located away from the center of the first radiator 10, as shown in Figures 8c and 8e, the structural symmetry of the first radiator 10 is weakened, and the proportion of reverse current in the WCM mode current distribution decreases, resulting in a "low purity" mode. Consequently, magnetic field cancellation is relatively inadequate. See Figures 8d and 8f. Figure 8d shows the hotspot distribution diagram of Figure 8c, and Figure 8f shows the hotspot distribution diagram of Figure 8e. The double hotspot phenomenon in the SAR hotspot diagram is weakened, thereby reducing the SAR performance of the wire antenna.

[0101] In the embodiment of the present application, the first distance and the second distance are both within a preset range, that is, the first connection point 13 and the second connection point 14 are both located in the middle area of ​​the first radiator 10, thereby further enhancing the SAR performance of the antenna module.

[0102] As an optional implementation, the length of the first radiating portion 11 is L1, the length of the second radiating portion 12 is L2, and the length of the second radiator 20 is L3, satisfying L3>L1>(L2+L3) / 2.

[0103] The common mode of wire antenna 100 is a quarter-wave mode, and its resonant frequency is primarily determined by the size of L1. The differential mode of wire antenna 100 is a half-wave mode, and its resonant frequency is primarily determined by the aperture size (L1 + L2) / 2 of wire antenna 100. The common mode of first slot antenna 200 is a quarter-wave mode, and its frequency is primarily determined by the size of L3. The differential mode of first slot antenna 200 is a half-wave mode, and its frequency is primarily determined by the aperture size (L2 + L3) / 2. Therefore, to achieve a good WCM and SCM hybrid, L1 must be designed to be close to L3 in size. To ensure good WCM mode purity, L2 must be close to L1, that is, L1 ≈ L3, and L2 must be close to L1 in size.

[0104] Similarly, to achieve a good mix of WCM and SDM, L1 should be designed to be close to (L2 + L3) / 2. Therefore, in the actual design process, if you want to take into account the mix of WCM and SCM as well as the mix of WCM and SDM, the size of L1 can be designed within the range of L3 > L1 > (L2 + L3) / 2.

[0105] In the implementation manner of the present application, L3>L1>(L2+L3) / 2, so that the antenna module can take into account a mixture of WCM and SCM, or a mixture of WCM and SDM, thereby making the radiation performance and SAR performance of the antenna module better.

[0106] Alternatively, see Figure 9, which shows the S parameters of the hybrid-mode low-SAR antenna module, the linear antenna 100, and the first slot antenna 200. The S parameter curve for the first slot antenna 200, shown in curve B1, includes two resonant modes: an SCM at 1.9 GHz and an SDM at 2.58 GHz. The S parameter curve for the linear antenna 100, shown in curve B2, has two resonant modes: a WCM at 2.33 GHz and a WDM at 3.16 GHz. The S parameter curve for the hybrid-mode antenna, shown in curve B3, indicates three resonant modes.

[0107] It's worth noting that the WCM of wire antenna 100 is located between the SCM and SDM of first slot antenna 200. Therefore, in a hybrid-mode antenna, the first mode should be an SCM-WCM hybrid, as shown in Figure 10 for the current distribution diagram; the second mode should be a WCM-SDM hybrid, as shown in Figure 12 for the current distribution diagram. Figure 13 shows the radiation efficiency of the hybrid-mode antenna, where C1 represents the radiation efficiency of first slot antenna 200, C2 represents the radiation efficiency of wire antenna 100, and C3 represents the radiation efficiency of the hybrid-mode antenna (i.e., the cascaded combination of first slot antenna 200 and wire antenna 100 in the antenna module).

[0108] Figures 13 and 14 show the SAR hotspot diagrams of the hybrid-mode antenna. Because the first resonant mode incorporates a WCM within the SCM, the SAR hotspot diagram exhibits dual hotspot characteristics while maintaining the high radiation efficiency of the SCM. Similarly, the second mode incorporates a WCM within the SDM. The WCM mode fills the gap in radiation efficiency in the SDM mode, resulting in higher radiation efficiency and a dual hotspot characteristic in the SAR hotspot diagram. This creates two hybrid resonant modes with high radiation efficiency and low SAR.

[0109] It should be noted that, in order to enhance the SAR performance of the antenna module, two high SAR modes may be mixed to construct two hotspots, which may also enhance the SAR performance of the antenna module.

[0110] As an optional embodiment, the distributed currents on the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 are in the same direction, and the wire antenna 100 is in WDM; the distributed currents on the second radiator 20 and the second radiating portion 12 are in the same direction, and the first slot antenna 200 is in SCM.

[0111] In the embodiment of the present application, since both WDM and SCM are high SAR modes, by mixing the two high SAR modes, two hotspots can be constructed on the antenna module, which can also enhance the SAR performance of the antenna module.

[0112] As an optional implementation, the second radiating portion 12 or the first radiating portion 11 is electrically connected to a feed source of the antenna module.

[0113] In the embodiment of the present application, the second radiating portion 12 or the first radiating portion 11 is electrically connected to the feed source of the antenna module, thereby increasing the diversity and flexibility of the electrical connection position with the feed source of the antenna module.

[0114] As an optional embodiment, the length of the first radiating portion 11 is L1, the length of the second radiating portion 12 is L2, the length of the second radiator 20 is L3, and the difference between (L1+L2) / 2 and L3 is less than or equal to the preset difference.

[0115] The specific value of the preset difference is not limited here. Optionally, the preset difference can be 0, that is, in this case (L1+L2) / 2 is equal to L3.

[0116] In addition, optionally, (L1+L2) / 2 is close to L3, that is, the two are not equal, but the difference is small, less than or equal to the preset difference.

[0117] In the embodiment of the present application, the difference between (L1+L2) / 2 and L3 is less than or equal to the preset difference, so that the mixing effect of the SAR mode of the antenna module can be better, thereby improving the SAR performance of the antenna module.

[0118] Optionally, when L1>L3>(L1+L2) / 2, Figure 16 shows the S-parameters of the hybrid-mode antenna, demonstrating that the hybrid-mode antenna has three resonant modes. Curve D1 represents the S-parameters of the first slot antenna 200; curve D2 represents the S-parameters of the linear antenna 100; and curve D3 represents the S-parameters of the hybrid antenna (i.e., the cascaded first slot antenna 200 and linear antenna 100 in the antenna module). Referring to Figure 3 , the frequency of the SCM lies between the WCM and WDM frequencies, closer to the WDM frequency. Therefore, the second resonant mode of the hybrid is an SCM-WDM hybrid, a mixture of two high-SAR modes. The first resonant mode is a WCM-SCM hybrid, and because the SCM is farther from the WCM, the first resonant mode contains fewer SCM components. Figure 17 shows the current distribution of the second resonant mode of the hybrid-mode antenna. As shown in Figure 17 , the second resonant mode is clearly an SCM-WDM hybrid mode, a mixture of two high-SAR modes. Furthermore, the first resonant mode is primarily a WCM mode. Figure 18 shows a SAR hotspot diagram of the second resonant mode in the hybrid-mode low-SAR antenna. As shown in Figure 18, the second resonant mode exhibits distinct multiple hotspot characteristics. Therefore, this mode also exhibits high efficiency and low SAR, demonstrating that the antenna module in this embodiment exhibits both good radiation performance and good SAR performance.

[0119] As an optional embodiment, referring to FIG25 , the antenna module further includes a third radiator 30, the first radiating portion 11 is located between the third radiator 30 and the second radiating portion 12, and there is a gap between the third radiator 30 and the first radiating portion 11, referring to FIG32 , the third radiator 30 is coupled to the first radiating portion 11 and constitutes a second slot antenna 300.

[0120] In this embodiment of the present application, the third radiator 30 is coupled to the first radiating portion 11 to form a second slot antenna 300. That is, the antenna module in this embodiment can be composed of a wire antenna 100, a first slot antenna 200, and a second slot antenna 300. Therefore, this embodiment can have more low-SAR modes, further enhancing the SAR performance of the antenna module.

[0121] Alternatively, the S-parameters and efficiency of the antenna module of the above embodiment are shown in Figure 19 , where curve E1 represents the antenna module's radiation efficiency, curve E2 represents the antenna module's total system efficiency, and curve E3 represents the antenna module's S-parameter curve. As shown in Figure 19 , the antenna module has four resonant modes, high radiation efficiency, and no significant efficiency dips within the band.

[0122] In addition, the current distribution of the antenna module of the above embodiment is shown in Figures 20a, 20b, 20c and 20d, indicating that the four resonant modes of the antenna are all mixed modes. For example, referring to Figure 20a, the resonant mode at the first resonance of 1.68 GHz is WCM+SCM, referring to Figure 20b, the resonant mode at the second resonance of 2.1 GHz is WCM+SDM, referring to Figure 20c, the resonant mode at the third resonance of 2.65 GHz is WDM+SCM, and referring to Figure 20d, the resonant mode at the fourth resonance of 3.86 GHz is WDM+SDM.

[0123] The 5mm-Body-SAR heat map of the antenna module is shown in Figures 21a, 21b, 21c and 21d, wherein Figure 21a is the SAR heat map of the first resonance, Figure 21b is the SAR heat map of the second resonance, Figure 21c is the SAR heat map of the third resonance, and Figure 21d is the SAR heat map of the fourth resonance. The SAR heat maps of the first, second and third resonances all show obvious multi-hotspot distribution phenomena, and the electromagnetic energy entering the human body is more dispersed, and the SAR peak is lower. The SAR hotspot performance of the fourth resonance is more concentrated, and the reason is that WDM accounts for a higher proportion in the hybrid mode, so it shows high SAR characteristics. In order to show the advantages more clearly, Table 1 lists the normalized SAR performance comparison of the dual parasitic hybrid mode low SAR antenna (i.e., the antenna module in this embodiment) and the traditional IFA antenna, showing that the hybrid mode low SAR antenna has three resonance modes showing obvious low SAR characteristics, and the -5dB normalized SAR value is lower than 0.72, which is at least 2dB lower than the normalized SAR value of the IFA antenna, i.e., the SAR performance of the antenna module in the embodiment of the present application is better.

[0124] Table 1

[0125] As an optional embodiment, referring to FIG20c, the distributed currents on the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 are in the same direction, and the wire antenna 100 is in WDM; the distributed currents on the third radiator 30 and the first radiating portion 11 are in the same direction, and the second slot antenna 300 is in SCM.

[0126] In the embodiment of the present application, by constructing the second slot antenna 300, the SAR performance of the antenna module can be further enhanced. In addition, the linear antenna 100 is in WDM and the second slot antenna 300 is in SCM, which can further enhance the diversity and flexibility of SAR mode mixing.

[0127] As an optional embodiment, referring to FIG20d, the distributed currents on the first radiating portion 11 and the second radiating portion 12 are in the same direction, and the wire antenna 100 is in WDM; the distributed currents on the third radiator 30 and the first radiating portion 11 are in the same direction, and the second slot antenna 300 is in SDM.

[0128] In the embodiment of the present application, the SAR performance of the antenna module can be further enhanced by constructing the second slot antenna 300. In addition, the wire antenna 100 is in WDM and the second slot antenna 300 is in SDM, which can further enhance the diversity and flexibility of SAR mode mixing.

[0129] As an optional implementation, referring to FIG. 22 and FIG. 23 , the second radiator 20 is grounded via the first tuning switch 21 .

[0130] In an embodiment of the present application, a first tuning switch 21 is provided on the second radiator 20, so that the aperture of the first slot antenna 200 can be adjusted, and then the operating frequency of the resonant mode of the first slot antenna 200 and the antenna module can be adjusted to achieve wide frequency coverage of the antenna module, that is, to increase the bandwidth of the antenna module.

[0131] As an optional implementation, referring to FIG. 24 and FIG. 25 , the second radiator 20 is grounded via the first tuning switch 21 , and the third radiator 30 is grounded via the second tuning switch 31 .

[0132] In the embodiment of the present application, a first tuning switch 21 is provided on the second radiator 20, and a second tuning switch 31 is provided on the third radiator 30, so that the apertures of the first slot antenna 200 and the second slot antenna 300 can be adjusted, and then the operating frequencies of the resonant modes of the first slot antenna 200, the second slot antenna 300 and the antenna module can be adjusted, thereby achieving wide frequency coverage of the antenna module, that is, increasing the bandwidth of the antenna module.

[0133] An embodiment of the present application also provides an electronic device, including the antenna module in the above embodiment. Since the electronic device provided by the embodiment of the present application includes the antenna module in the above embodiment, it has the same beneficial technical effects as the above embodiment, and the specific structure of the antenna module can refer to the relevant description of the above embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0134] Refer to Figure 26, which is an exploded view of the electronic device. As shown in Figure 26, the electronic device may include: a back cover 1000, a mainboard bracket 2000, a mainboard 3000, a frame 4000, a metal plate 5000 and a display screen 6000. The above-mentioned frame 4000 can also be referred to as a middle frame, and the frame 4000 can be made of metal material. In this way, the frame 4000 can also be referred to as a metal middle frame, and the metal plate 5000 can be referred to as a ground plate.

[0135] It should be noted that the location of the antenna module on the electronic device is not limited here. Optionally, the antenna module can be provided on the frame 4000 of the electronic device, and the frame 4000 can also be referred to as the middle frame. Specifically, it can be located on the straight frame body included in the frame 4000 or at the corner of the frame 4000. Referring to Figure 27, the frame 4000 includes a straight frame body 4001, a first corner frame body 4002 and a second corner frame body 4003, and the antenna module can be located on at least one of the straight frame body 4001, the first corner frame body 4002 and the second corner frame body 4003.

[0136] As an optional embodiment, referring to Figure 28, the electronic device also includes a frame body 4000, the frame body 4000 includes a first frame body portion 4004 and a second frame body portion 4005, the first frame body portion 4004 and the second frame body portion 4005 are connected to each other and are perpendicular to each other, the first radiation portion 11 is located on the first frame body portion 4004, and the second radiation portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are both located on the second frame body portion 4005.

[0137] In the embodiment of the present application, the first slot antenna 200 of the antenna module is located on the straight frame of the frame 4000, and the wire antenna 100 is located at a corner of the frame 4000. Because the SAR performance of the antenna module on different sides of the frame 4000 is measured independently, the antenna module's higher SAR mode can be placed at the corner of the frame 4000, further improving SAR performance by allocating near-field energy to the antenna module on different sides. This can further enhance the SAR performance of the antenna module.

[0138] It should be noted that the specific structure in which the first radiating portion 11 is located on the first frame portion 4004 and the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are both located on the second frame portion 4005 is not limited here. Optionally, the specific structure can be seen in Figures 36, 37, 38 and 39.

[0139] Optionally, Figure 29 is a schematic diagram of the S parameters and efficiency of the above-mentioned antenna module, wherein the curve shown by F1 is the efficiency curve of the total system of the antenna module, the curve shown by F2 is the radiation efficiency curve of the antenna module, and the curve shown by F3 is the S parameter curve of the antenna module. According to Figure 29, it can be seen that the antenna module has three resonant modes and the in-band radiation efficiency is relatively high.

[0140] Figures 30a, 30b and 30c are current distribution diagrams of the antenna module, respectively. The three resonant modes of the hybrid-mode low SAR antenna located at the corner of the frame 4000 are all hybrid modes, wherein Figure 30a is used to represent the current distribution diagram of the first resonance 1.8 GHz, Figure 30b is used to represent the current distribution diagram of the first resonance 2.55 GHz, and Figure 30c is used to represent the current distribution diagram of the third resonance 3 GHz.

[0141] Figure 31 shows the SAR hotspot distribution. It's noteworthy that when the antenna module is located at the corner of the frame 4000, the SAR performance of the third resonance is improved compared to when the antenna module is located within the straight frame of the frame 4000. This is because the resonant mode of the third resonance is primarily WDM, and therefore primarily excited by the linear antenna. Since the linear antenna is located on the first frame portion 4004 and the second frame portion 4005, respectively, when measuring the SAR performance on the first frame portion 4004, some energy is concentrated on the second frame portion 4005, resulting in a reduction in the peak SAR hotspot. Similarly, when measuring the SAR performance on the second frame portion 4005, some energy is concentrated on the first frame portion 4004, also resulting in a reduction in the peak SAR hotspot. Thus, placing the first radiating element 11 on the first frame portion 4004 and the second radiating element 12 on the second frame portion 4005—that is, placing the linear antenna at the corner of the frame 4000—can further enhance the SAR performance of the antenna module.

[0142] As shown in Table 2, the SAR peak values ​​of the three resonant modes of the antenna module located at the corner are normalized to -5 dB and compared with the SAR performance when the antenna module is located in the straight frame of frame 4000. This shows that when the antenna module is located at the corner, the normalized SAR values ​​of the three resonant modes of the antenna module are all low, and there are three resonant modes with relatively low SAR values.

[0143] Table 2

[0144] As an optional implementation, when the antenna module further includes a third radiator 30 , the third radiator 30 is located on the first frame portion 4004 .

[0145] In the embodiment of the present application, the near-field energy of the antenna module is distributed by utilizing the different corner positions of the frame 4000 , thereby further enhancing the SAR performance of the antenna module.

[0146] It should be noted that the specific structure of the third radiator 30 located in the first frame portion 4004 is not limited here. For example, please refer to the structures shown in Figures 40 and 41.

[0147] Optionally, Figure 33 shows the S parameters and efficiency of the antenna module. The curve shown by G1 is the curve of the total system efficiency of the antenna module, the curve shown by G2 is the curve of the radiation efficiency of the antenna module, and the curve shown by G3 is the curve of the S parameters of the antenna module. It can be seen that the antenna module has four resonant modes and has a high radiation efficiency within the band.

[0148] Figure 34 shows the modal current distribution of the antenna module, specifically, the current distribution diagrams for the four resonant modes. Figure 35 shows the SAR hotspot distribution diagram of the antenna module. It is noteworthy that when the antenna module is located at a corner, the SAR performance of the fourth resonance is significantly improved compared to when the antenna module is located within a straight frame. This is because the fourth resonance is primarily excited by the linear antenna, which is partially distributed on the first frame portion 4004 and partially distributed on the second frame portion 4005. Therefore, the near-field energy distribution between different faces of the antenna reduces the SAR peak, thereby further enhancing the SAR performance of the antenna module.

[0149] As shown in Table 3, the -5dB normalized SAR performance of the corner antenna module is calculated. This shows that the -5dB normalized SAR of the four resonant modes of the corner antenna module is low, and the SAR performance of the fourth resonant mode is significantly improved compared to when the antenna module is located in a straight frame.

[0150] Table 3

[0151] As an optional embodiment, the electronic device also includes a frame body 4000, the frame body 4000 includes a first frame body portion 4004 and a second frame body portion 4005, the first frame body portion 4004 and the second frame body portion 4005 are connected to each other and are perpendicular, referring to Figures 22 and 23, the first radiating portion 11, the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are all located on the first frame body portion 4004, or the first radiating portion 11, the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are all located on the second frame body portion 4005.

[0152] In the embodiment of the present application, the first radiating portion 11, the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are all located on the first frame portion 4004, or the first radiating portion 11, the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20 are all located on the second frame portion 4005. In this way, the diversity and flexibility of the setting positions of the first radiating portion 11, the second radiating portion 12 and the second radiator 20 can be further increased.

[0153] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or device comprising the element.

[0154] Each embodiment in this specification is described in a related manner. Similar portions between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The embodiments of the apparatus, electronic device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product containing instructions thereof are generally similar to the method embodiments, so their description is relatively simple. For related portions, reference can be made to the description of the method embodiments.

[0155] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application are included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna module, wherein: include: A floor, a first radiator and a second radiator, wherein the first radiator includes a first radiating portion and a second radiating portion, the second radiating portion is located between the first radiating portion and the second radiator, and a gap is provided between the second radiating portion and the second radiator, a first connection point of a connection portion between the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion is connected to the floor, and an end of the second radiator away from the second radiating portion is connected to the floor; The second radiator is coupled to the second radiating portion, and the second radiator, the second radiating portion and the floor constitute a first slot antenna; the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion constitute a line antenna.

2. The antenna module according to claim 1, wherein: The distributed currents on the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are opposite, and the wire antenna is in a common mode WCM; The distributed currents on the second radiator and the second radiating portion are opposite to each other, and the first slot antenna is in a differential mode SDM.

3. The antenna module according to claim 1, wherein: The distributed currents on the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are opposite, and the wire antenna is in a common mode WCM; The distributed currents on the second radiator and the second radiating portion are in the same direction, and the first slot antenna is in a common mode SCM.

4. The antenna module according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: The second radiating portion includes a second connection point, and the second connection point is electrically connected to a feed source of the antenna module; Alternatively, the first radiating portion includes a third connection point, and the third connection point is electrically connected to the feed source.

5. The antenna module according to claim 4, wherein: The first distance and the second distance are both within a preset range, the first distance is the distance between the first connection point and the midpoint of the first radiator, and the second distance is the distance between the second connection point and the midpoint of the first radiator.

6. The antenna module according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: The length of the first radiating portion is L1, the length of the second radiating portion is L2, and the length of the second radiator is L3, satisfying L3>L1>(L2+L3) / 2.

7. The antenna module according to claim 1, wherein: The distributed currents on the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are in the same direction, and the wire antenna is in a differential mode WDM; The distributed currents on the second radiator and the second radiating portion are in the same direction, and the first slot antenna is in a common mode SCM.

8. The antenna module according to claim 7, wherein: The second radiating portion or the first radiating portion is electrically connected to a feed source of the antenna module.

9. The antenna module according to claim 7, wherein: The length of the first radiating portion is L1, the length of the second radiating portion is L2, the length of the second radiator is L3, and the difference between (L1+L2) / 2 and L3 is less than or equal to a preset difference.

10. The antenna module according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna module also includes a third radiator, the first radiating portion is located between the third radiator and the second radiating portion, and there is a gap between the third radiator and the first radiating portion. The third radiator is coupled to the first radiating portion to form a second slot antenna.

11. The antenna module according to claim 10, wherein: The distributed currents on the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are in the same direction, and the linear antenna is in a differential mode WDM; The distributed currents on the third radiator and the first radiating portion are in the same direction, and the second slot antenna is in a common mode SCM.

12. The antenna module according to claim 10, wherein: The distributed currents on the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are in the same direction, and the wire antenna is in a differential mode WDM; The distributed currents on the third radiator and the first radiating portion are in the same direction, and the second slot antenna is in a differential mode SDM.

13. The antenna module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The second radiator is grounded through a first tuning switch.

14. The antenna module according to claim 10, wherein: The second radiator is grounded through a first tuning switch, and the third radiator is grounded through a second tuning switch.

15. An electronic device, wherein: An antenna module comprising any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. The electronic device according to claim 15, wherein: The electronic device also includes a frame, which includes a first frame portion and a second frame portion, the first frame portion and the second frame portion are interconnected and perpendicular, the first radiating portion is located on the first frame portion, and the second radiating portion and the second radiator are both located on the second frame portion.

17. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein: When the antenna module further includes a third radiator, the third radiator is located on the first frame portion.

18. The electronic device according to claim 15, wherein: The electronic device also includes a frame, which includes a first frame portion and a second frame portion, the first frame portion and the second frame portion are interconnected and perpendicular, the first radiating portion, the second radiating portion and the second radiator are all located on the first frame portion, or the first radiating portion, the second radiating portion and the second radiator are all located on the second frame portion.

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