Photovoltaic solar panel

Abstract

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic solar panel that rotates about a horizontal shaft to adjust the inclination thereof according to the altitude of the sun. The advantage of the invention lies in the inclusion in a photovoltaic solar panel of at least one surface that is able to fold and slide without consuming electricity and only using gravity. For this purpose, the photovoltaic solar panel includes a mechanical retaining device provided with a rocking piece that acts on a retaining lug and a releasing lug, wherein a ball rolls along the rocking piece, the position of the ball defining a locked or unlocked position, thereby preventing the foldable surface from sliding in the locked position and allowing the foldable surface to slide in the unlocked position.

Description

[0001]DESCRIPTION Photovoltaic solar panel. TECHNICAL SECTOR The present invention relates to a photovoltaic solar panel that rotates around a horizontal axis to adjust its inclination depending on the altitude of the sun in order to capture solar radiation at all times, making it possible to protect the crops located below the mobile photovoltaic panels or plates, i.e., plant well-being. To this end, the present invention is based on a system of surfaces that can be deployed by gravity, without requiring electrical consumption and that make it possible to protect the crops located below the photovoltaic panels. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The growing demand for energy and food is causing the responses to each of these problems to begin to converge in terms of the proposals or solutions that are being developed. Most of the energy that is expected to be generated in the future will require huge amounts of land,Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to find solutions that make land use compatible, since failure to achieve the aforementioned convergence of solutions will lead to imbalances in food production. Agrivoltaism is one of the solutions being used to address the land demand that both activities, energy and food production, require. This technology refers to the use of the same space for the generation of energy and food, so that both processes, within certain restrictions dependent on the type of crop and the energy generation system,they result in a reasonable electrical production and at the same time a guarantee of results in food production due to the protection that the photovoltaic structure installed in the same soil provides to the crop located below it. The increasing number of patents that are being published applicable to agrivoltaism emphasize the arrangement of the panels, such as patent WO 2015 / 145351 that claims an installation of mobile photovoltaic panels on the crop, or CH 706132 A2 that does so with fixed panels, or patent WO 2013 / 117722 that also claims a system of panels on the crop with the possibility of rotation, this is in addition to the precursor patents requested in 2013 by the Fraunhofer Institute. Of the aforementioned patents,and from the numerous publications that have been written in relation to the protection that agrivoltaic systems provide to the crops located beneath them, it can be deduced that the surface of the photovoltaic panels has great impacts on the crops located beneath them, both positive and negative. The most relevant impacts are: decrease in maximum temperature, increase in minimum temperature, decrease in evapotranspiration, decrease in crop water consumption, decrease in the temperature of the photovoltaic panel and consequently increase in its efficiency, modification of the surface wind pattern on the crop, ability to avoid hail impacts on the crop, ability to modify the pattern of rainwater on the soil, ability to modify the pattern of radiation received by the plant, ability to modify the behavior patterns of certain pollinators, ability to control the growth of unwanted weeds,and other capacities or impacts, which will begin to appear as the first parks are being installed in France, Japan, the USA and Germany. As an example of the decrease in water consumption in crops located under solar panels, the following references are cited: - Ali, A. (2022). Effect of Agrivoltaic Systems Development on Sweet Potato Growth . Agrivoltaics conference . Piacenza . - Elnaz Hassanpour Adeh, JS (2018). Remarkable agrivoltaics influence on soil moisture, micrometeorology and water-use efficiency. PLoS ONE 13(11). - Emily M. Ott, CA (2020). Environmental Analysis of Agrivoltaic Systems. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. - Hadi A.AL agele, KP (2021). A Case study of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicon Var. Legend) Production and Water Productivity in Agrivoltaic System. Sustainability, - Richard J. Randle-Boggis,EL (2021). Agrivoltaics in East Africa: Opportunities and challenges. In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing LLC, 2361(1), 090001. - Stefano Amaducci, XY (2018). Agrivoltaic systems to optimize land use for electric energy production. Applied Energy 220, 545-561. The documents WO2021075640A1, WO2023026278A1 and WO2021205114A1 are in the state of the art, which disclose, among others, so-called agrivoltaic systems that use photovoltaic panels in a crop environment, combining agricultural activity with the collection of solar energy. However, none of them includes the solution proposed in the present invention, which is provided with foldable surfaces arranged under the photovoltaic solar panel, which can slide by gravity in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the photovoltaic solar panel. From the foregoing, it is clear that the surface area occupied by the panels in relation to the crop,both in area and position, it is relevant, being therefore desirable that the area covered by panels / floor ratio be adjustable, economical and easy to manage and maintain, since by controlling said panel / floor ratio it is possible to increase or decrease the intensity, the moment and the form that said panel, as an additional surface to that of the photovoltaic solar panel has with respect to the aforementioned effects. EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is the protection of the crop that is located below the mobile photovoltaic panels, that is to say the well-being of the plants is sought, thanks to a photovoltaic solar panel that includes deployable surfaces, slidable by gravity, and that do not require electrical consumption for its operation. That is to say,The advantage of the invention lies in the possibility of deploying or extending foldable surfaces without using electricity and only taking advantage of the force of gravity. The present invention proposes a system that allows the surface of the photovoltaic solar panel to be expanded, having in its lower part one or two foldable surfaces that can be installed underneath the photovoltaic solar panel, such that said foldable surface can be deployed on one or both sides of the axis of rotation of the photovoltaic solar panel, such that it allows increasing the surface that is exposed to radiation or the effects of the weather. Said foldable surface has as its main characteristic that it is possible to deploy it or fold it without the need for any type of actuator that consumes energy, using for its deployment the simple force of gravity,taking advantage of the variable angle allowed by current photovoltaic solar panel systems mounted on a rotating axis such that the panel rotates around a horizontal axis to adjust its inclination depending on the altitude of the sun. Thus, the photovoltaic solar panel rotates on its axis of rotation, such that when it rotates to one side it is possible to act on a mechanism called a mechanical retention device intended to release the deployable surface so that it can be deployed in that direction. Specifically, the photovoltaic solar panel is formed by at least the following elements: - at least one deployable surface, arranged under a photovoltaic solar panel, slidable by gravity in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the photovoltaic solar panel, - linear guides arranged on the deployable surface, - a release retainer fixed to the deployable surface,- a limit switch retainer fixed to the fold-out surface, - a mechanical retaining device integral with the photovoltaic solar panel provided with a tilting part on its axis, which has a projection and two lugs at its ends: a retaining lug and a release lug, and where the tilting part is moved by a ball whose position defines a locked or unlocked position, such that the release lug in the locked position faces the release retainer and prevents the fold-out surface from sliding, while in the unlocked position the retaining lug faces the limit switch retainer after the fold-out surface has slipped, From this configuration,The sliding of the fold-out surface on one or both sides of the photovoltaic solar panel runs through the linear guides arranged on the fold-out surface. The mechanical retention device generates the locking and unlocking of the sliding of the fold-out surface depending on the position of the tilting piece defined by the position of the ball, which is modified according to the rotation of the photovoltaic solar panel. The present invention also contemplates, in the case of installing two fold-out surfaces, the inclusion of two mechanical retention devices linked to the fold-out surfaces so that when the photovoltaic solar panel rotates on its rotation axis, it can be kept deployed or extended, if desired. Although the invention described optionally allows increasing the energy capacity of the photovoltaic panel, the different configurations that allow the invention have as their main objective the protection of the crop,Therefore, depending on the same, the configuration and materials to be used will be different. Thus, among other options, the present invention contemplates the following embodiments: - Photovoltaic panels with transparent deployable panels or those that include light to offer an emissive surface. In this second case, the light consists of electronic lights, preferably modulable in spectrum, which are arranged on the lower face of the deployable surface to photostimulate the photosynthetic behavior of a crop in different environmental and temporal conditions according to its phenological progress. - Photovoltaic panels with opaque deployable panels (light-transmissive surface) to protect from rain, wind, hail, shade. Thus, the deployable surface can be a passive or active surface in terms of its light-transmissive, light-emissive, thermal and electrical function. Thus,The fold-out surface may consist of a board made of a rigid material that provides protection to the crop and is integrated with a solar panel, an opaque panel, a transparent panel, or a panel with photochromic or thermochromic behavior to control the amount of light or radiation reaching the crop. If the fold-out surface is integrated with a solar panel, it serves a dual purpose: increasing the surface area and increasing electrical energy production. If the fold-out surface is an active surface,This can be used to store heat that will be radiated emissively during its cooling period, allowing the climate of the areas near said surfaces to be tempered, thus enabling the fight against frost in crops. If the surface is light-emissive, light generated preferably by LEDs or equivalent elements can be emitted to illuminate the crop, improving its growth. Finally, if the surface is light-transmissive, the amount of light that said deployable surface allows to be projected onto the crop can be controlled. For example, the deployable surface can be provided on its upper part with a reflective surface finish to reflect light, generating a greater albedo effect. Thus, if the photovoltaic solar panels are bifacial, they acquire more radiation and therefore generate more electrical energy. Also, and on the other hand,In cities, there is a problem related to the increase in temperature due to heat capture by asphalt surfaces, sidewalks, roofs, and vehicles located on the ground. The scarcity of trees prevents proper cooling of these surfaces and also causes heat accumulation in areas close to the ground, between 0 and 100 cm, causing pets and children to be exposed to extreme temperatures due to radiation from the ground, sidewalks, and roadways, of the energy accumulated therein. Therefore, the deployable surface located beneath the photovoltaic solar panel could be an active thermally conductive surface, even porous (the porosity would allow water to be stored in the sheet for spaced evaporation), which allows cooling the area below it.thanks to the temperature reduction generated in the lower part of the fold-out surface through forced convective evaporation of water deposited in a controlled manner thereon. Said forced convective evaporation will be generated, preferably, by a blower powered by the photovoltaic solar panel that acts on both parts (upper and lower parts) of the fold-out surface. Thus, the photovoltaic solar panel is provided with water metering nozzles, surface water detectors, and a control device that allow water to be supplied to the upper part of the fold-out surface so that the natural evaporation of the supplied water causes cooling of the lower and upper parts of the fold-out surface. Thus, the water deposited on the upper part of the fold-out surface evaporates.The water dosing nozzles are controlled by a water blowing and dosing control device that adjusts the speed of the air flow across the foldable surface and controls the amount of water deposited on the top so as to prevent dripping. The blower is preferably powered by the energy produced by the photovoltaic solar panel. The applications of the present invention are aimed at cooling urban spaces beyond merely covering them by taking advantage of part of the energy generated by photovoltaic solar panels, cooling crops, greenhouses and, in general, any area that requires shade and climate control of temperature and humidity. In this sense, optionally,The photovoltaic solar panel of the invention is provided with a thermal actuating component positioned beneath the fold-out surface to heat a volume of air and influence the creation of a microclimate that can be controlled and adapted to ambient conditions. Finally, by taking advantage of the movement of the fold-out surface, the photovoltaic solar panel can be cleaned thanks to the extension movement of the fold-out surface. Thus, the device of the invention optionally includes a rotating brush that is attached to the fold-out surface, such that the rotating brush is arranged in contact with the surface of the photovoltaic solar panel. In this way,the rotating brush is enabled to move over the surface of the photovoltaic solar panel when the foldable surface slides for dust removal on the surface of the photovoltaic solar panel. It should be noted that said rotating brush may be integrated by another cleaning element that fulfills an equivalent function and whose objective will be to move over the photovoltaic solar panel to remove dust, when the folding and refolding process of the foldable surface is carried out. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To complement the description that follows and in order to aid in a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes,the following has been represented: Figure 1. - Shows a side elevational view of a photovoltaic solar panel according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, where the mechanical retention device is in the locked position and the fold-out surface is not extended. Figure 2. - Shows a view of the invention represented in the previous figure, where the mechanical retention device is in the unlocked position and the fold-out surface is extended. Figure 3. - Shows a detail of the invention represented in Figure 2, taken from the opposite side. Figure 4. - Shows a side elevational view of a photovoltaic solar panel according to the preferred embodiment of the invention represented in the previous figures, where the mechanical retention device is in the locked position and the fold-out surface is not extended,the inclination of the photovoltaic solar panel being arranged differently than that shown previously. Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the mechanical retention device that participates in the photovoltaic solar panel object of the invention. Figure 6 shows a bottom perspective view of the photovoltaic solar panel according to the preferred embodiment of the invention represented in the previous figures, where a detail of the blower and the rotating brush attached to the foldable surface and in contact with the surface of the photovoltaic solar panel can be seen. Figure 7 shows a bottom perspective view of the photovoltaic solar panel according to the preferred embodiment of the invention represented in the previous figures,where a detail of the water detectors can be seen. Figure 8 shows a bottom perspective view of the photovoltaic solar panel according to the preferred embodiment of the invention represented in the previous figures, where the foldable surface is in the extended position. Figure 9 shows a diagram illustrating the variables involved in the blowing control device. Figure 10 shows a diagram illustrating the variables involved in the electronic angle control device of the photovoltaic solar panel. PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION According to a preferred embodiment of the invention represented in the figures mentioned above, the photovoltaic solar panel (1), which rotates around a horizontal axis to adjust its inclination depending on the altitude of the sun, is formed by the following elements: - A foldable surface (3), arranged under a photovoltaic solar panel (1),slidable by gravity in the direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation (2) of the photovoltaic solar panel (1). In an optional embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic solar panel may include two fold-out surfaces (3). - Linear guides (22) arranged on the fold-out surface (3). - A release retainer (31) fixed to the fold-out surface (3). - A limit switch retainer (5) fixed to the fold-out surface (3). - A mechanical retention device (7) integral with the photovoltaic solar panel (1) provided with a tilting piece (6) on its axis (9), which has a projection (10) and two lugs at its ends: a retention lug (30) and a release lug (23), and where the tilting piece (6) is moved by a ball (8) whose position defines a locked or unlocked position,so that the release pin (23) in the locked position faces the release retainer (31) and prevents the sliding of the fold-out surface (3), while in the unlocked position the retaining pin (30) faces the limit switch retainer (5) after the sliding of the fold-out surface (3). Thus, the sliding of the fold-out surface (3) on one or both sides of the photovoltaic solar panel (1) runs through the linear guides (22) arranged on the fold-out surface (3), while the mechanical retaining device (7) generates the locking and unlocking of the sliding of the fold-out surface (3) depending on the position of the tilting piece (6) defined by the position of the ball (8) which is modified according to the rotation of the photovoltaic solar panel (1). The linear guides (22) will preferably be arranged in the lower part of the fold-out surface (3),located on the sides or in the central part of the foldable surface, perpendicular to the axis of rotation (2) on which the photovoltaic solar panel (1) follows the sun. Said linear guides (22) will be provided with their corresponding limit switch retainers (5) and release retainers (31) with the aim that the foldable surface (3) does not move out of its position. Thus, when the photovoltaic solar panel (1) is rotated on its axis of rotation (2), the linear guides (22) guide the movement of the aforementioned foldable surfaces (3) to one or both sides of the photovoltaic solar panel (1) with the aim of expanding the exposed surface on one or both sides of the axis of rotation (2) of the photovoltaic solar panel (1). As detailed above,a working angle system based on the mechanical retention device (7) allows the folding surface (3) to be released so that gravity allows it to slide towards the ground until it reaches the maximum sliding stop thanks to the limit switch (5), which is stopped by the retention pin (30) thus allowing the photovoltaic solar panel assembly (1) and folding surfaces (3) to rotate about the rotation axis (2) with the folding surface (3) remaining extended. Optionally, said release pin (23) and the retention pin (30) are electromechanically activated for controlled regulation by a retraction locking device (24) on both sides of the folding surfaces (3). As indicated above,the mechanical retention device (7) - shown in detail in figure 5 - is based on the generation of an imbalance in a ball (8) of a calculated mass located inside a box that constitutes the mechanical retention device (7). The aforementioned mechanical retention device (7) is integral with the photovoltaic solar panel assembly (1) and the fold-out surface (3), which, from a certain angle of inclination of the fold-out surfaces (3), will make the tilting piece (6) supporting the lugs tilt on its axis (9),as the photovoltaic solar panel (1) and the fold-out surface (3) are rotated. From a calculated angle, the ball (8) due to its weight will go up / over the projection (10) moving abruptly in the direction determined by gravity, causing the tilting piece (6) to tilt, causing the release pin (23) to stop holding the release retainer (31) fixed to the structure that supports the photovoltaic solar panels (1) and allowing, when released, the fold-out surface (3) to unfold or extend by gravity. By tilting the solar panel (1) on its axis of rotation (2) in the opposite direction, and through the action of gravity, following the process described, the fold-out surface (3) is secured thanks to the retaining pin (30), which faces the end-of-travel retainer (5),the solar panel (1) - fold-out surface (3) assembly being able to rotate about the rotation axis (2), the assembly remaining connected until another angle, also calculated, is exceeded, the ball (8) due to its weight will move and will go up / overcome the projection (10) again. At that moment, the sudden movement of the ball (8) in the direction determined by gravity, allows it to return to its initial location within the mechanical retention device (7). Thus, it allows the tilting support piece (6) to tilt in the opposite direction, causing, with its change of position, the retention pin (30) to occupy its lower position when the fold-out surface (3) is introduced under the solar panel (1) and the release pin (23) to rise,causing the release retainer (31) to be locked by the release pin (23) so that from this moment on the fold-out surface (3) will remain fixed underneath the solar panel (1). Both locking and unlocking positions defined by the position of the tilting piece (6) are illustrated in figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 8. In an alternative embodiment, an electromechanical retraction locking device (24) is activated to lock the fold-out surface (3) so that it remains fixed, so that when the photovoltaic solar panel (1) is rotated on its rotation axis (2) by lifting the fold-out surface (3) it will not be retracted again. In this way, the aforementioned system allows, if desired, to deploy two fold-out surfaces (3) to cover both sides of the photovoltaic solar panel (1) or to deploy the fold-out surface (3) to one side or the other as desired. The locking of the fold-out surface (3), additionally,It can also be carried out by an electronic angle control device (17) that manages the angle information provided by a tracker, responsible for rotating the photovoltaic solar panel (1) on its rotation axis (2) and consequently the entire system located below it. To do this, as can be seen in Figure 10, the electronic angle control device (18) of the solar panel (18) must determine the angle that the photovoltaic solar panel (1) must adopt based on agronomic, atmospheric, temperature or other signals (represented in Figure 10 as X1,X2 and X3) and determine whether the deployment or retention of the deployable surfaces (3) is to be carried out by acting - as appropriate depending on the chosen configuration - on the release pin (23) and the electromechanical retraction locking device (24). Thus, the tracker (19) brings the photovoltaic solar panel (1) to the activation angle of the mechanical retention device (7) such that the release pin (23) allows the deployable surface (3) to slide. If the chosen configuration is by means of an electromechanical device, an electromechanical retainer controlled by the electronic angle control device (18) will determine the angle from which the electromechanical systems release their retention on the release pin (23), acting to allow the deployable surface (3) to be guided downwards by the guides (22) until it reaches the end-of-travel retainer (5). Optionally, the deployable surfaces (3) are provided with,at least one blower (12) that generates an air current over the lower part (15) and the upper part (16) of the foldable surface (3). As can be seen in figure 9, the blower (12) is controlled by a blowing control device (17) that based on the signals provided by surface water detectors (14), temperature and relative humidity, allows the dosing of water to the upper part (16) carried out by means of water dosing nozzles (13). The detail of this configuration is shown in figures 6 and 7. Well, the blower (12) is powered by the energy generated by the photovoltaic solar panels (1) and generates a wind current that runs through both the lower part (15) and the upper part (16) so that the dosed water, or other liquid, on the upper part (16) by means of water dosing nozzles (13), or other liquid,controlled by the blowing control device (17) and dosing of water, or other liquid, is evaporated cooling the lower part (15) and the upper part (16) of the foldable surface (3). The wind current generated by the blower (12) on the lower part (15) and the upper part (16) causes this wind to cool, the air mass that travels through both sides being cooled and that due to its speed, orientation and density descends to cool, either the crop or the people or pets that are below it. The blowing control device (17) and water dosing manages the amount of water, or other liquid, that is supplied to the foldable surface (3) with the aim of avoiding or reducing dripping from the foldable surface (3). To do this, at a defined distance from the upper edge of the foldable surface (3) surface water detectors (14), conductivity sensors or others can be located,which connected to the blowing control device (17) and dosing of water or other liquid allow modulating the contribution of water to be evaporated in the upper part of the deployable surface (3). One of the main problems of photovoltaic installations is the dust and dirt that accumulates on the photovoltaic solar panels (1), the constructive arrangement of the present invention optionally allows the mechanical energy generated during the deployment of the deployable surface (3) when rotating the structure around the axis of rotation (2) can be used to clean the solar panel (1), action that when performed practically daily will allow the solar panel (1) to hardly accumulate dirt, therefore improving the electrical conversion performance. As shown in figure 6, the preferred arrangement of the present invention will consist of, at least,a rotating brush (25) attached to the deployable surface (3) at its part furthest from the rotation axis (2). Preferably, the rotating brush (25) is attached to the deployable surface (3) by means of a fixed L-shaped piece (26), which is fixed by welding, screwed construction or other to the deployable surface (3). In this way, when the deployable surface (3) is deployed or retracted, the rotating brush (25) accompanying the aforementioned surface will travel over the photovoltaic solar panel (1) and thanks to friction the rotating brush (25) will rotate while traveling over the surface of the photovoltaic solar panel (1). Another of the main problems presented by photovoltaic structures is that, acting as a water collection surface,the collected liquid falls down the lower edges of the photovoltaic solar panel (1) without being able to be used. The present invention also affects the resolution of the problem posed by constructively presenting on the lower edge of the fold-out surface (3) a water collection channel with an inlet that, by means of connected tubes, collects the water deposited on the surface of the photovoltaic solar panels (1) which in turn pour the deposited liquid onto the fold-out surface (3) located in its lower part to store the collected water in a tank.,

Claims

CLAIMS 1st.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1) of those that rotate around a rotation axis to adjust its inclination according to the altitude of the sun, characterized in that it comprises: - at least, a foldable surface (3), arranged under a photovoltaic solar panel (1), slidable by gravity in the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis (2) of the photovoltaic solar panel (1), - linear guides (22) arranged on the foldable surface (3), - a release retainer (31) fixed to the foldable surface (3), - a limit switch retainer (5) fixed to the foldable surface (3), - a mechanical retention device (7) integral with the photovoltaic solar panel (1) provided with a tilting piece (6) on its axis (9), which has a projection (10) and two lugs at its ends: a retention lug (30) and a release lug (23),and where the tilting piece (6) is moved by a ball (8) whose position defines a locking or unlocking position, so that the release pin (23) in the locked position faces the release retainer (31) and prevents the sliding of the fold-out surface (3), while in the unlocked position the retaining pin (30) faces the end-of-travel retainer (5) after the sliding of the fold-out surface (3), where the sliding of the fold-out surface (3) on one or both sides of the photovoltaic solar panel (1) runs through the linear guides (22) arranged on the fold-out surface (3),and where the mechanical retention device (7) generates the locking and unlocking of the sliding of the fold-out surface (3) depending on the position of the tilting piece (6) defined by the position of the ball (8) which is modified according to the rotation of the photovoltaic solar panel (1). 2nd.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that the linear guides (22) are arranged on the sides or in the central part of the fold-out surface (3)., 3rd.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with fold-out surfaces (3) that fold out on one or both sides of the photovoltaic solar panel. 4th.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that the release pin (23) and the retention pin (30) are electromechanically activated for controlled regulation by an electromechanical retraction locking device (24) on both sides of the fold-out surfaces (3). 5th.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that the fold-out surface (3) is provided on its upper part (16) with a reflective surface finish to reflect light, generating a greater albedo effect. 6th.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that it has water dosing nozzles (13), surface water detectors (14) and a control device (17) that allow water to be supplied to the upper part (16) of the fold-out surface (3) so that the natural evaporation of the water supplied causes the cooling of the lower part (15) and the upper part (16) of the fold-out surface (3). 7th.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that it has at least one blower (12) that generates an air current on the lower part (15) and the upper part (16) of the foldable surface (3), where the blower (12) is controlled by a control device (17) that based on the signals provided by surface water detectors (14), temperature and relative humidity, allows the dosing of water to the upper part (16) carried out by means of water dosing nozzles (13).8th.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a rotating brush (25) attached to the fold-out surface (3) in such a way that the rotating brush (25) is arranged in contact with the surface of the photovoltaic solar panel (1), allowing the rotating brush (25) to move over the surface of the photovoltaic solar panel (1) when the fold-out surface (3) slides to remove dust from the surface of the photovoltaic solar panel (1). 9th.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 8, characterized in that the rotating brush (25) is attached to the fold-out surface (3), preferably, by means of a fixed L-shaped piece (26). 10th.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a plurality of rotating brushes (25) attached to the fold-out surface (3) preferably by means of fixed L-shaped pieces (26), the rotating brushes (25) being located at intervals to cover the entire surface of the photovoltaic panel (1). 11th.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a water collection channel with an inlet which, by means of connected tubes, collects the water deposited on the surface of the photovoltaic solar panels (1) which in turn pour the deposited liquid onto the fold-out surface (3) located in its lower part to store the collected water in a tank. 12th.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that it has electronic lights, preferably modulable in spectrum, which are arranged on the lower face of the foldable surface (3) to photostimulate the photosynthetic behavior of a crop in different environmental and temporal conditions according to its phenological progress. 13th. - Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that the foldable surface (3) is materialized in a board of a rigid material that provides protection to the crop and that is integrated by a solar panel, an opaque panel, a transparent panel or a panel with photo or thermochromic behavior for the control of the amount of light or radiation that reaches the crop. 14th.- Photovoltaic solar panel (1), according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a thermal actuation component positioned under the foldable surface (3) to heat a volume of air and influence the creation of a microclimate that is controllable and adaptable to environmental conditions.

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