Vehicle interior skin material and vehicle seat

Abstract

In order to provide a vehicle interior skin material which has strength, suppresses the occurrence of wrinkles on the surface, and can cover a three-dimensional object in a state of excellent appearance, a vehicle interior skin material 10 is a laminate in which a backing fabric 1 is bonded to a base material, the vehicle interior skin material 10 being configured such that, with respect to the shear characteristics of the laminate, all of the conditions of a shear angle of 6.4 [degree] to 8.0 [degree] inclusive, and a load of 17.5 [gf / cm] or less are satisfied. Thus, the vehicle interior skin material suppresses the occurrence of wrinkles on the surface while exhibiting an appropriate strength, and can cover a three-dimensional object in a state of excellent appearance.

Description

Vehicle interior skin material and vehicle seat

[0001] The present invention relates to a vehicle interior skin material used as a skin for the interior of a vehicle, and a vehicle seat.

[0002] Genuine leather, artificial leather, cloth, etc. are commonly used as skin materials for vehicle interiors. Conventionally, by specifying appropriate ranges for the shear stiffness, bending stiffness, and tensile strain of skin materials for vehicle interiors using natural leather or synthetic leather, the occurrence of wrinkles has been suppressed, and the surface of a three-dimensional object has been covered with an excellent appearance (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] JP 2016-185721 A

[0004] However, while the skin material of Patent Document 1 is effective in reducing wrinkles on the surface material, it is not sufficient. That is, while the conventional technology can reduce wrinkles on the surface material by setting the strength of the skin material low, it is difficult to fully meet the demand for reducing wrinkles on the surface material while satisfying the required strength. For example, while it is easy to improve the strength by using a laminated structure for the skin material, in this case, the conformability to curved or peripheral surfaces is reduced, causing wrinkles on the back side and even on the surface.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle interior covering material and a vehicle seat that can suppress the occurrence of wrinkles while ensuring strength.

[0006] The invention described in claim 1 is a skin material for vehicle interiors, which is a laminate in which a backing fabric is bonded to a substrate, and is characterized in that the shear properties of the laminate satisfy all of the following conditions: a shear angle of 6.4 degrees or more and 8.0 degrees or less, and a load of 17.5 gf / cm or less.

[0007] The invention of claim 2 is the vehicle interior skin material of claim 1, characterized in that the backing fabric is made of textured yarn.

[0008] The invention of claim 3 is the vehicle interior skin material of claim 1, characterized in that the backing base fabric is a warp knitted fabric made of warp yarns.

[0009] The invention of claim 4 is the vehicle interior skin material of claim 1, characterized in that the warp yarns have a total fineness of 75 denier or more and 100 denier or less.

[0010] The invention of claim 5 is a vehicle seat characterized in that at least a position facing a built-in passenger protection device is covered with the vehicle interior skin material of claim 1.

[0011] The invention of claim 6 is characterized in that in the vehicle seat of claim 5, a part or all of a cushion pad located opposite the occupant protection device is covered with the vehicle interior skin material of claim 1.

[0012] The invention of claim 7 provides the vehicle seat of claim 5, characterized in that an occupant support device mounted thereon is covered with the vehicle interior covering material of claim 1.

[0013] The invention of claim 8 is characterized in that, in the vehicle seat of claim 5, the bulging portion is covered with a skin formed by a plurality of stitching lines, and the entire surface of the skin is partially made of the vehicle interior skin material of claim 1.

[0014] The vehicle interior skin material of claim 1 suppresses wrinkles and enables the surface of a three-dimensional object to be covered with excellent appearance by setting the shear angle and load within the preferred numerical ranges for the shear properties of the laminate. Furthermore, as long as the shear angle and load fall within the preferred numerical ranges, the vehicle interior skin material can cover the surface of an object with suppressed wrinkles without requiring a low strength of the skin material, thereby maintaining high strength. Furthermore, since the skin material is made of a laminate in which a backing fabric is bonded to a substrate, the backing fabric also enables the vehicle interior skin material to maintain high strength.

[0015] In the vehicle interior skin material according to claim 2, the backing fabric is made of textured yarn, which makes it easy to impart stretchability to the vehicle interior skin material and reduces the occurrence of wrinkles caused by the backing fabric.

[0016] In the vehicle interior skin material described in claim 3, the backing fabric is a warp-knitted fabric made of warp yarns, and therefore the stitches are firm and strength is maintained, while stretchability in a predetermined direction is ensured, making it possible to improve folding processability.

[0017] In the vehicle interior skin material described in claim 4, by setting the fineness of all warp threads to 75 denier or more and 100 denier or less, it is possible to ensure high strength while also imparting appropriate bending processability.

[0018] The vehicle seat according to claim 5 is covered with the vehicle interior skin material at least at a position facing the built-in passenger protection device. This allows the surface of the vehicle seat to be covered while preventing wrinkles, thereby maintaining a high level of aesthetic appeal. Furthermore, the shear properties and stretchability of the vehicle interior skin material ensure that the vehicle interior skin material exhibits adequate strength even when the passenger protection device is activated, preventing damage to the vehicle interior skin material and allowing the passenger protection device to maintain its position and operate properly, ensuring that it functions normally and effectively.

[0019] In the vehicle seat of claim 6, the vehicle interior skin material covers part or all of the cushion pad at a position facing the occupant protection device, so that the vehicle interior skin material effectively withstands the pressure applied through the cushion pad when the occupant protection device is activated, allowing the occupant protection device to function normally and effectively.

[0020] In the vehicle seat according to claim 7, the vehicle interior skin material covers the mounted occupant support device, and therefore the vehicle interior skin material can cover the occupant support device while suppressing the occurrence of wrinkles in accordance with the unevenness caused by deformation caused by the occupant support device.

[0021] In the vehicle seat described in claim 8, the portion of the skin formed by the multiple stitching lines covering the bulging portion includes a vehicle interior skin material, and the shear properties of the vehicle interior skin material prevent wrinkles from forming throughout the entire skin, enabling the skin to maintain conformability to the surface of the bulging portion while covering it. Furthermore, since only a portion of the vehicle interior skin material is used, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing costs of the skin.

[0022] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle interior skin material according to the present embodiment; 2 is an explanatory diagram of a method for measuring the shear properties of a vehicle interior skin material; 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between shear angle and shear load, which change correspondingly, for ideal samples; 4 is a list showing the type of yarn, yarn thickness, yarn knitting method, density, and processing conditions of the backing fabric of samples (1) to (15); 5 is a table showing the shear angle, shear load, and wrinkle occurrence state of samples (1) to (15); 6 is a diagram plotting the shear angle and shear load values ​​of samples (1) to (15); 7 is a list showing samples (2) to (15) wound around a core, viewed from the centerline direction and from the radially outer side; 8 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle interior skin material according to a comparative example; 9 is a table showing the shear stiffness of samples (1) to (15); and 10 is a diagram plotting the shear stiffness values ​​in the horizontal and vertical directions of samples (1) to (15). 13 is a diagram showing the tensile strain of samples (1) to (15). It is a diagram plotting the tensile strain in the horizontal and vertical directions of samples (1) to (15). It is a perspective view of a vehicle seat to which a vehicle interior skin material is applied. It is a cross-sectional view of the vehicle seat taken along line A-A in FIG. 13.

[0023] Preferred embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments described below are subject to various limitations that are technically preferable for carrying out the present invention, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments and illustrated examples. This embodiment exemplifies a vehicle interior skin material and a vehicle seat to which the same is applied as a covering material. Vehicles to which the vehicle interior skin material and vehicle seat described below can be applied include any vehicle on which people travel, such as ships, aircraft, and cars. However, this embodiment exemplifies the application of the vehicle interior skin material and vehicle seat to a vehicle, particularly an automobile.

[0024] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle interior skin material 10. As shown in the figure, vehicle interior skin material 10 has a three-layer structure consisting of a backing fabric 1 serving as the lining, a foam layer 2 made of a urethane slab formed on the backing fabric 1, and a PVC top layer 3 serving as the outer surface formed on the foam layer 2. The vehicle interior skin material 10 is used, for example, as a covering material for the surface of a vehicle seat or as a skin material for the interior of a vehicle, with the top layer 3 facing the outer surface during use. Note that reference symbol C in the figure denotes a core around which vehicle interior skin material 10 is wound.

[0025] The backing fabric 1 is formed by warp knitting textured polyester yarn. The foam layer 2 is a urethane slab made of foamed urethane with a density of 0.022 and a residual pressure of 3 [t] (thickness). The top layer 3 is made of PVC and has not been foamed. The vehicle interior skin material 10 is formed by bonding the backing fabric 1, foam layer 2, and top layer 3 together in a laminated state using frame lamination.

[0026] Regarding the shear properties of the vehicle interior skin material 10, when the shear angle and the load indicating the shear force are within respective specified numerical ranges, the vehicle interior skin material 10 covering the surface of a three-dimensional shape deforms and adheres smoothly to the curved surface of the three-dimensional shape, thereby suppressing the occurrence of wrinkles and the like.

[0027] [Method for Measuring Shear Properties] Here, the method for measuring the shear properties will be described. As shown in Figure 2, the vehicle interior skin material 10 is formed into a strip-like sample 20 cm wide in the left-right direction, and both ends of the sample are clamped between chucks H1 and H2. At this time, a gap of 5 cm is secured between chucks H1 and H2, and measurements are performed on a vehicle interior skin material 10 having a width of 20 cm in the left-right direction and a length of 5 cm in the up-down direction. In other words, the vehicle interior skin material 10 has a length equal to or greater than 5 cm in the up-down direction plus the clamping margins between chucks H1 and H2.

[0028] A constant tensile load w (=10 gf / cm) is applied to the two chucks H1 and H2 in a direction in which one moves away from the other (a direction parallel to the plane of the vehicle interior skin material 10 and perpendicular to the width direction: the up-down direction in FIG. 2 ). While maintaining this constant tensile load w, chuck H2 is moved in one direction (the positive direction, e.g., rightward in FIG. 2 ) in the width direction (the left-right direction in FIG. 2 ) so as to maintain a constant shear shear rate (e.g., 0.417 mm / sec), thereby applying a shear load F. The change in the load F and the shear angle φ (° (degrees)) generated in the vehicle interior skin material 10 is measured. During the measurement, the shear angle φ gradually increases, and at a certain point, wrinkles appear in the vehicle interior skin material 10. With the wrinkle occurrence as the limit, chuck H2 is then moved in the opposite direction (toward the left in FIG. 2 ), and a shear load F is applied in the opposite direction. In this case, too, the shear rate is maintained constant. When wrinkles appear in the vehicle interior skin material 10 due to the reverse movement of chuck H2, chuck H2 is turned back and moved in the forward direction (to the right in Figure 2). In this case, too, the shear rate is maintained constant. Then, after passing the point where the shear angle φ is 0 and the shear angle φ has increased by about 1 to 2 degrees in the reverse direction, the measurement of the shear load F is terminated.

[0029] Figure 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the shear angle φ and shear load F, which change correspondingly, obtained by measuring the shear properties of an ideal sample. The horizontal axis represents the shear angle φ, and the vertical axis represents the shear load F. The shear angle φ is positive when it slopes to the right and negative when it slopes to the left. The shear load F is positive when applied to the right of the top end of the sample and negative when applied to the left. The arrows in Figure 3 indicate the direction in which the detection points change, obtained by the measurement operation.

[0030] As shown in the figure, shortly after the chuck H2 moves to the right to start the measurement, the shear angle φ and the shear load F increase while the slope showing the change in shear load F with respect to the shear angle φ remains approximately constant, and the slope becomes larger just before wrinkles appear. Then, as wrinkles appear, the direction of movement of the chuck H2 is reversed. Therefore, at the time of wrinkle appearance, the shear load F reaches its maximum within the measurement range. Then, when the chuck H2 is reversed to the left, the slope of the shear load F with respect to the shear angle φ decreases sharply immediately after the reversal, and then the shear angle φ and the shear load F decrease while the slope remains approximately constant.

[0031] Then, just before the second wrinkle occurs, the downward slope becomes larger, and as the wrinkle occurs, the movement direction of the chuck H2 is reversed again. Therefore, at the time of the wrinkle occurrence, the shear load F is at its minimum within the measurement range. After that, when the chuck H2 is reversed to the right, the slope of the shear load F with respect to the shear angle φ shows a large increasing gradient immediately after the reversal, and thereafter, the shear angle φ and the shear load F increase while maintaining a substantially constant slope. As shown in the figure, the change in the shear load F with respect to the shear angle φ exhibits hysteresis between the forward and reverse directions of the shear load F, but maintains a substantially constant slope except before and after the wrinkle occurrence.

[0032] The slope dF / dφ of the shear load F relative to the shear angle φ is called shear stiffness G. The average value of shear stiffness G over the entire range in the above measurement is one of the indicators showing the shear characteristics of the sample. If the shear stiffness G value is large, the material is less likely to undergo shear deformation, and if the shear stiffness G value is small, the material is more likely to undergo shear deformation.

[0033] The vehicle interior skin material 10 of the present invention satisfies the conditions that, in the above measurement, the absolute value of the shear angle φ immediately before or at the moment when wrinkles occur is 6.4 degrees or more and 8.0 degrees or less, and the absolute value of the shear load F at that time is 17.5 gf / cm or less.

[0034] When the shear angle φ and the shear load F are within the respective predetermined numerical ranges, the vehicle interior skin material 10 deforms to conform to the curved surface of the three-dimensional shape and adheres tightly to it, and can cover the three-dimensional shape with sufficiently reduced wrinkles.

[0035] The vehicle interior skin material 10 achieves the above shear characteristics by selecting the material for the backing fabric 1. That is, the shear characteristics can be adjusted by the type of yarn, yarn thickness, yarn weaving method, yarn density, etc. of the backing fabric 1.

[0036] [Measurement of Tensile Strain] For reference, the tensile strain of the vehicle interior skin material 10 was also measured. As in the case of measuring shear properties, the tensile strain was measured by clamping both ends of a 20 cm wide strip of the vehicle interior skin material 10 between chucks H1 and H2, with a gap of 5 cm between them. A tensile load was then applied to the vehicle interior skin material 10 in the direction in which one of the chucks H1 and H2 moved away from the other (a direction parallel to the plane of the vehicle interior skin material 10 and perpendicular to the width direction: the vertical direction in Figure 2), and the tensile strain generated in the vertical direction was measured. The tensile load was gradually increased from 0 to a maximum of 500 gf / cm, and the strain rate was 4.00 × 10 -3 The strain in the tensile direction was measured when the maximum tensile load of 500 gf / cm was reached, and the ratio to the original length was calculated as a percentage, which was called the tensile strain ε m Let's say.

[0037] [About the Samples] Next, Figure 4 lists the type of yarn, yarn thickness, yarn weaving method, density, processing conditions, etc. used in the backing fabric for Samples (1) to (3), which are comparative examples consisting of vehicle interior skin materials using a conventional backing fabric, and Samples (4) to (15), which are examples of the present invention consisting of vehicle interior skin materials using a new backing fabric. Note that all of the vehicle interior skin materials for Samples (1) to (15) use the same foam layer and top layer, excluding the backing fabric. The foam layer is a foamed urethane slab with a density of 0.022 and a residual pressure of 3 [t], and the top layer is an unfoamed layer made from PVC.

[0038] First, the backing fabric of the comparative example will be described. Sample (1) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 150 denier textured yarn for the front (F), 150 denier raw silk for the middle (M), and 150 denier raw silk for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. Density C indicates the number of stitches per inch in the warp direction (direction along the warp) and is 46. Density W indicates the number of stitches per inch in the weft direction (direction perpendicular to the warp) and is 36.

[0039] Sample (2) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier tenacity yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier tenacity yarn for the back (B). The tenacity yarn is polyester tenacity yarn. The density C is 49 and the density W is 32.

[0040] Sample (3) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier raw silk for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier raw silk for the back (B). The density C is 47 and the density W is 31. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 15 m / min, set condition 15%, set width 175 cm, and effective width 170 cm.

[0041] Hereinafter, we will explain the backing fabric of an example of the invention. Sample (4) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using a 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and a 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 48 and the density W is 31. The processing conditions are a processing temperature of 170°C, a processing speed of 15 m / min, a set condition of 15%, a set width of 175 cm, and an effective width of 170 cm.

[0042] Sample (5) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 50 and the density W is 31. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 15 m / min, set condition 17%, set width 175 cm, and effective width 170 cm.

[0043] Sample (6) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 49 and the density W is 31. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 15 m / min, set condition 12%, set width 166 cm, and effective width 162 cm.

[0044] Sample (7) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 49 and the density W is 31. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 15 m / min, set condition 12%, set width 165 cm, and effective width 161.5 cm.

[0045] Sample (8) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 50 and the density W is 31. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 15 m / min, set condition 15%, set width 176 cm, and effective width 172 cm.

[0046] Sample (9) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 48 and the density W is 31. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 15 m / min, set condition 9%, set width 176 cm, and effective width 172 cm.

[0047] Sample (10) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 50 and the density W is 31. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 20m / min, set condition 15%, set width 176cm, and effective width 172cm.

[0048] Sample (11) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 50 and the density W is 31.5. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 15 m / min, set condition 15%, set width 174 cm, and effective width 170 cm.

[0049] Sample (12) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 50 and the density W is 31.5. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 20m / min, set condition 15%, set width 174cm, and effective width 170cm.

[0050] Sample (13) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 50 and the density W is 32. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 20m / min, set condition 15%, set width 172cm, and effective width 168cm.

[0051] Sample (14) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 48 and the density W is 32. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 15 m / min, set condition 9%, set width 174 cm, and effective width 170 cm.

[0052] Sample (15) is a warp knitted fabric made on a three-bar tricot knitting machine using 100 denier textured yarn for the front (F), no middle (M), and 100 denier textured yarn for the back (B). The textured yarn is polyester textured yarn. The density C is 48 and the density W is 32. The processing conditions are: processing temperature 170°C, processing speed 20 m / min, set condition 9%, set width 174 cm, and effective width 170 cm.

[0053] [Relationship between shear angle and shear load and wrinkle occurrence for each sample] For vehicle interior skin materials using the above-mentioned comparative samples (1) to (3) and the inventive examples (4) to (15) as backing fabrics, the shear angle φ and shear load F were measured according to the shear property measurement method described above, and the values ​​of the shear angle φ and shear load F at or just before wrinkle occurrence are listed in Figure 5. Note that the values ​​shown in Figure 5 for the shear angle φ and shear load F are the average of the absolute values ​​measured when a shear load F was applied in the forward direction (to the right in Figure 2) and the reverse direction (to the left in Figure 2). Furthermore, measurements were taken in both the horizontal and vertical directions of the vehicle interior skin material. The horizontal direction refers to the case where the direction along the warp yarns of the warp knit of the backing fabric is defined as the vertical direction, and both ends in a direction perpendicular to this are clamped with chucks H1 and H2 to measure the shear properties, while the vertical direction refers to the case where both ends in a direction along the warp yarns of the warp knit are clamped with chucks H1 and H2 to measure the shear properties. The values ​​shown in Figure 5 are average values ​​measured in the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0054] Each of the vehicle interior skin materials (1) to (15) was wrapped around a core C (see Figure 1) with an outer diameter of 76 cm, and the results of a test to confirm the occurrence of wrinkles during this process are shown in the "Wrinkles from Winding" column in Figure 5. "Good" indicates "no wrinkles" and "bad" indicates "wrinkles occurred." Figure 8 also shows enlarged cross-sectional views of the wrinkling state of the vehicle interior skin materials (1) to (3). In Figure 8, the vehicle interior skin material is designated by the symbol 10X, and the backing fabric is designated by the symbol 1X.

[0055] Furthermore, Figure 6 shows the shear angle φ and shear load F values ​​for each of samples (1) to (15) at or immediately before wrinkles appear, plotted on a diagram with shear load F on the horizontal axis and shear angle φ on the vertical axis. Figure 7 also shows each of samples (2) to (15) wound around core C, viewed from the centerline of core C (referred to as a cross section) and from the radially outer side of core C (referred to as a side view). In Figure 7, sample (2) is shown in the top row, samples (4) to (15) in the middle row, and sample (3) in the bottom row. Since samples (4) to (15) are visually nearly identical, sample (4) is shown as a representative example.

[0056] As shown in the "rolling wrinkles" column in Figure 5, wrinkles occurred in samples (1) to (3) of the vehicle interior skin material. As shown in Figures 7 and 8, these vehicle interior skin materials (1) to (3) had wrinkles in the backing fabric, and crease-like wrinkles due to the wrinkles in the backing fabric occurred in the top layer on the outer peripheral surface. On the other hand, samples (4) to (15) did not have wrinkles in the backing fabric, and as a result, no crease-like wrinkles occurred in the top layer either, resulting in a smooth peripheral surface.

[0057] 6, it can be seen that samples (4) to (15) that do not develop wrinkles are concentrated in the range where the shear load F is 17.5 gf / cm or less and the shear angle φ is between 6.4° and 8.0°. Furthermore, when the shear load F is 17.5 gf / cm or less but the shear angle φ is less than 6.4°, as in sample (3), wrinkles are unavoidable. Furthermore, it was found that when the shear load F is greater than 17.5 gf / cm, wrinkles are unavoidable even when the shear angle φ is between 6.4° and 8.0°, as in sample (1).

[0058] [Shear Stiffness of Each Sample] For the vehicle interior skin materials of Samples (1) to (3) as comparative examples and the vehicle interior skin materials of Samples (4) to (15) as examples of the present invention, the shear angle φ and shear load F were measured according to the shear property measurement method described above, and the average value of all shear stiffness G within the measurement range (hereinafter simply referred to as "shear stiffness G") was calculated. Note that measurements were taken of the vehicle interior skin materials in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the shear stiffness G was calculated for each.

[0059] Figure 9 is a chart listing the transverse shear stiffness G, longitudinal shear stiffness G, and average values ​​of the transverse and longitudinal shear stiffness G for the vehicle interior skin materials of samples (1) to (15). Figure 10 shows the results of plotting the transverse shear stiffness G values ​​and longitudinal shear stiffness G values ​​for samples (1) to (15) on a diagram with the horizontal axis representing the transverse shear stiffness G values ​​and the vertical axis representing the longitudinal shear stiffness G values.

[0060] As shown in Figure 10, samples (4) to (15) that do not wrinkle are concentrated within a range where the shear stiffness G in the horizontal direction is 3.7 [gf / (cm degree)] or less and the shear stiffness G in the vertical direction is 3.5 [gf / (cm degree)] or less. On the other hand, samples (1) to (3) of the comparative example are concentrated within a range where the shear stiffness G in the horizontal direction is greater than 3.7 [gf / (cm degree)] and the shear stiffness G in the vertical direction is greater than 3.5 [gf / (cm degree)].

[0061] [Tensile Strain of Each Sample] The tensile strain ε of the vehicle interior skin materials of Samples (1) to (3) as comparative examples and the vehicle interior skin materials of Samples (4) to (15) as examples of the present invention was measured according to the tensile strain measurement method described above. m Here, measurements were made in the horizontal and vertical directions of the vehicle interior skin material, and the tensile strain ε m was measured.

[0062] Figure 11 shows the tensile strain ε in the transverse direction for the vehicle interior skin materials of samples (1) to (15). m and longitudinal tensile strain εm and transverse and longitudinal tensile strain ε m 12 shows the results of the vehicle interior skin materials of samples (1) to (15), with the horizontal axis representing the tensile strain ε m The vertical axis is the value of the longitudinal tensile strain ε m The results are plotted on a graph showing the values ​​of

[0063] As shown in Figure 12, samples (4) to (15) that do not develop wrinkles exhibit a tensile strain in the transverse direction, ε m The value of is 6.0% or more, and the longitudinal tensile strain ε m On the other hand, the comparative samples (2) and (3) show that the tensile strain ε in both the transverse and longitudinal directions is concentrated within a range where the value of ε is 6.0% or more. m The value of tensile strain in the transverse direction ε m The value of ε was 6.0% or more, but the longitudinal tensile strain ε m The value of tensile strain ε of the vehicle interior skin material was less than 6.0%. m The condition for wrinkles not to occur is that the tensile strain in both the transverse and longitudinal directions ε m It was found that the value was 6.0% or more.

[0064] [Application of Vehicle Interior Covering Material to Vehicle Seat] Fig. 13 is a perspective view of vehicle seat 40 as a vehicle seat to which vehicle interior cover material 10A is applied, and Fig. 14 is a cross-sectional view of vehicle seat 40 taken along line A-A in Fig. 13. In Figs. 13 and 14, when a person is seated in vehicle seat 40, the left hand side of the person is referred to as left, the right hand side as right, the front as front, the rear as rear, the vertically upward direction as up, and the vertically downward direction as down.

[0065] The seat shown in Figure 13 is a vehicle seat, particularly a vehicle seat 40 installed in a vehicle such as an automobile, on which a vehicle occupant sits. As shown in the figure, the vehicle seat 40 includes a seat cushion 41 that supports the buttocks and thighs of the occupant, a seat back 42 whose lower end is supported by the seat cushion 41 and serves as a backrest, and a headrest 43 that is installed at the upper end of the seat back 42 and supports the head of the occupant. In addition to these, the vehicle seat 40 may also include auxiliary supports such as a neck rest, arm rest, foot rest, ottoman, etc.

[0066] The seat cushion 41 has a cushion frame and a cushion pad (not shown). The seat back 42 has a seat back frame and a cushion pad 421. The vehicle seat 40 has a skin 44 that covers the seat cushion 41 and the seat back 42. In this example, the vehicle interior skin material 10A is used for part of the skin 44. The vehicle interior skin material 10A is the same as the vehicle interior skin material 10 described above.

[0067] 14 , the seat back frame of the seat back 42 includes left and right back side frames 422, 423 spaced apart from each other, an upper pipe frame (not shown) that connects upper ends of the left and right back side frames 422, 423, and a lower frame 424 that connects lower ends of the left and right back side frames 422, 423. The seat back 42 also has bulging portions 425, 426 formed at the left and right ends as a result of the cushion pad 421 enveloping the left and right back side frames 422, 423 and consisting of protruding stripes that extend in the up-down direction.

[0068] An airbag device 45 serving as an occupant protection device is provided inside the left bulging portion 425, on the outer side in the left-right direction (left side) of the left backside frame 422. The airbag device 45 is enclosed in a cushion pad 421 together with the backside frame 422. The airbag device 45 has its components housed in a housing that is somewhat flat in the left-right direction.

[0069] The skin 44 uses the vehicle interior skin material 10A in a portion thereof, and uses a vehicle interior skin material other than the vehicle interior skin material 10A as a whole. The vehicle interior skin material of the skin 44 is the same as the vehicle interior skin material 10 described above, except that the backing fabric 1 is replaced with a conventional backing fabric. The conventional backing fabric corresponds to any of samples (1) to (3) given as comparative examples in the examples described above. Furthermore, only certain portions of the skin 44 use the vehicle interior skin material 10A, which has the same configuration as the vehicle interior skin material 10 described above.

[0070] The skin 44 is constructed by sewing together multiple parts of a vehicle interior skin material along multiple stitching lines so that the portions covering the aforementioned bulges 425, 426 can be covered in accordance with the surface shapes of the bulges 425, 426. The vehicle interior skin material 10A is used as a part that covers region R1 (the shaded area in FIG. 13 ), which is the left side portion of the left bulge 425 and extends over almost the entire left side of the seat back 42. Region R1 is the surface of the cushion pad 421 that encases the airbag device 45 and the left backside frame 422, and corresponds to a position facing the left side of the left surface of the housing of the built-in airbag device 45 from the left side.

[0071] When the airbag device 45 is activated, the airbag is ejected forward from the left end of the left bulge 425 and inflates to protect the seated occupant. The airbag is ejected forward by breaking through the front edge of the vehicle interior skin material 10A covering region R1, which is the seam line that separates the material from other vehicle interior skin materials. As shown in the various samples (4) to (15) described above, the vehicle interior skin material 10A has excellent shear properties and high extensibility. Therefore, the vehicle interior skin material 10A exhibits high durability against the airbag that inflates inside the skin 44 and is ejected to the outside. Furthermore, because the skin 44 faces the left side of the airbag device 45 and completely covers it, it can properly guide the inflated airbag forward while preventing it from projecting leftward.

[0072] The airbag device 45 may be disposed on the right side of the right backside frame 423. In this case, the vehicle interior skin material 10A may be disposed so as to cover the surface of the cushion pad 421 that encases the airbag device 45 and the right backside frame 423, at a position facing the right side of the right surface of the housing of the built-in airbag device 45 from the right side.

[0073] Furthermore, the vehicle seat 40 may be used in a relaxed state, for example, with the seat back 42 reclined rearward and the front end of the seat cushion 41 tilted diagonally upward. When such a position is anticipated, an airbag device may be incorporated in the front end of the seat cushion 41, and an airbag may be deployed upward from the front end of the seat back 42 to protect the seated occupant in a relaxed state. In such a configuration, the vehicle interior skin material 10A may be applied to region R2 of the front end surface of the seat cushion 41. In this case, the vehicle interior skin material 10A is positioned in front of and facing the airbag device. This prevents the airbag from being ejected forward from the front end of the seat cushion 41 and properly guides it upward.

[0074] Furthermore, the vehicle seat 40 may be provided with an occupant support device that incorporates an inflatable bag on the front side of the seat back 42 and inflates the bag to support the back of the seated occupant. In such a configuration, the vehicle interior skin material 10A may be applied to the area R3 on the front side of the seat back 42 where the occupant support device is located. In this case, the vehicle interior skin material 10A is disposed in front of and facing the occupant support device. Therefore, even if the bag of the occupant support device expands and creates irregularities, the vehicle interior skin material 10A can, due to its shear properties and high extensibility, suppress the occurrence of wrinkles and maintain its state of covering the front portion of the seat back 42 in response to the deforming irregularities.

[0075] [Technical Effects of the Embodiments of the Invention] The vehicle interior skin material 10 and the vehicle interior skin material 10A described above can suppress wrinkles and cover the surface of a three-dimensional object with excellent appearance by setting the shear angle and load of the laminate within the preferred numerical ranges described above. In particular, when the vehicle interior skin material 10A is applied to a vehicle seat 40, it can cover curved surfaces such as the side surfaces of the bulge 425 with reduced wrinkles. Furthermore, as long as the shear angle and load are within appropriate numerical ranges, the vehicle interior skin material 10 and the vehicle interior skin material 10A can cover the surface of an object with reduced wrinkles without having to set the strength of the skin material low, thereby maintaining high strength. In particular, since the vehicle interior skin material 10 and the vehicle interior skin material 10A are made of a laminate in which the backing fabric 1 is bonded to the substrate, the backing fabric 1 also allows the vehicle interior skin material 10 and the vehicle interior skin material 10A to maintain high strength.

[0076] Furthermore, since the backing fabric 1 of the vehicle interior skin material 10 and the vehicle interior skin material 10A is made of textured yarn, it is easy to impart stretchability to the vehicle interior skin material 10 and the vehicle interior skin material 10A, and it is possible to reduce the occurrence of wrinkles caused by the backing fabric 1.

[0077] Furthermore, because the backing fabric 1 is a warp-knitted fabric made of warp yarns, the stitches are firm and maintain strength, while ensuring stretchability in a predetermined direction, enabling improved folding processability. Therefore, the vehicle interior covering material 10 and the vehicle interior covering material 10A can conform well to the curved surfaces of the vehicle seat 40, enabling them to cover the vehicle seat 40 while suppressing the occurrence of wrinkles.

[0078] Furthermore, in the vehicle interior skin material 10 and the vehicle interior skin material 10A, by setting the fineness of all warp yarns of the backing base fabric 1 to 100 denier, it is possible to ensure high strength while also imparting appropriate bending processability.

[0079] The vehicle seat 40 is covered with a vehicle interior skin material 10A at a position facing the built-in airbag device 45. This allows the surface of the vehicle seat 40 to be covered while suppressing the occurrence of wrinkles, thereby maintaining a high level of aesthetic appeal. Furthermore, the shear properties and stretchability of the vehicle interior skin material 10A ensure that the vehicle interior skin material 10A exhibits adequate strength even when the airbag device 45 is activated, preventing damage to the vehicle interior skin material 10A and enabling the airbag device 45 to maintain its position and guide the airbag in the appropriate direction, thereby enabling the airbag to function normally and effectively.

[0080] Furthermore, in the vehicle seat 40, the vehicle interior skin material 10A covers the left side surface of the cushion pad 421, which is located opposite the airbag device 45. Therefore, the vehicle interior skin material can effectively withstand the pressure of the airbag applied through the cushion pad 421 when the airbag device 45 is activated, and can guide the airbag in the appropriate direction, allowing it to function normally and effectively.

[0081] Furthermore, since the region R3 covering the occupant support device of the vehicle seat 40 can be covered with the vehicle interior skin material 10A, the vehicle interior skin material 10A can follow the unevenness that expands and contracts in the region R3 caused by the occupant support device, and can cover the region R3 while suppressing the occurrence of wrinkles.

[0082] Furthermore, since the vehicle seat 40 includes the vehicle interior skin material 10A in a portion of the skin 44 formed by the multiple stitching lines that cover the bulge 425, the shear properties of the vehicle interior skin material 10A can suppress the occurrence of wrinkles throughout the entire skin 44 and maintain conformability to the surface of the bulge 425 while covering it. Furthermore, since the use of the vehicle interior skin material 10A is limited to only a portion of the skin 44, the manufacturing cost of the skin 44 can be reduced.

[0083] [Others] The above describes the embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For example, in the embodiments, a component integrally formed from a single member may be replaced with a component divided into multiple members that are connected or fixed to each other. Furthermore, a component formed by connecting multiple members may be replaced with a component integrally formed from a single member. In addition, the details shown in the embodiments may be modified as appropriate within the scope of the invention.

[0084] Furthermore, the vehicle interior skin material 10 may use a material other than the foam layer 2 or the PVC top layer 3 as the substrate material, as long as the shear properties satisfy the aforementioned conditions. Furthermore, the backing fabric 1 may also be made of other materials, as long as the shear properties satisfy the aforementioned conditions. Furthermore, as long as the shear properties of the vehicle interior skin material 10 satisfy the aforementioned conditions, the backing fabric 1 may be a weft-knitted fabric using weft yarns or a fabric using weft and warp yarns. Furthermore, the warp yarns of the backing fabric 1 are not limited to polyester, and may be warp yarns made of other resins, such as nylon. Although the warp yarns of the backing fabric 1 are exemplified as having a fineness of 100 denier, this is not limiting. While a warp fineness of 100 denier is preferred, a fineness in the range of 75 denier to 100 denier can ensure the favorable shear properties of the vehicle interior skin material 10. In the above-described embodiment, the vehicle interior skin material 10A is used to cover the vehicle seat 40, but this is not limiting and the vehicle interior skin material 10A can also be used to cover other parts of the vehicle interior besides the seat. In addition, while the vehicle interior skin material 10A is used in a specific part of the vehicle seat 40, the vehicle interior skin material 10A may be used to cover other parts, or the entire vehicle seat 40 may be covered with the vehicle interior skin material 10A.

[0085] The present invention has industrial applicability to vehicle interior skin materials and vehicle seats.

[0086] REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1, 1X Backing base fabric 2 Foam layer (substrate) 3 Top layer (substrate) 10 Vehicle interior covering material 10A Vehicle interior covering material (vehicle interior covering material) 40 Vehicle seat (vehicle seat) 41 Seat cushion 42 Seat back 43 Headrest 44 Cover 45 Airbag device (occupant protection device) 421 Cushion pad 422, 423 Backside frame 425, 426 Bulging portion C Core F Shear load H1, H2 Chucks R1 to R3 Arrangement area ε m Tensile strain φ Shear angle

Claims

1. A skin material for vehicle interiors, which is a laminate in which a backing fabric is bonded to a substrate, and which satisfies all of the following conditions regarding the shear properties of the laminate: shear angle between 6.4 degrees and 8.0 degrees, and load less than 17.5 gf / cm.

2. The vehicle interior skin material according to claim 1, wherein the backing fabric is made of textured yarn.

3. The vehicle interior skin material according to claim 1, wherein the backing fabric is a warp knitted fabric made of warp yarns.

4. The vehicle interior skin material according to claim 3, wherein the warp yarns have a total fineness of 75 denier or more and 100 denier or less.

5. A vehicle seat, characterized in that at least a position facing a built-in passenger protection device is covered with the vehicle interior covering material according to claim 1.

6. The vehicle seat according to claim 5, wherein a part or all of a cushion pad located opposite the passenger protection device is covered with the vehicle interior covering material.

7. The vehicle seat according to claim 5, wherein a passenger support device mounted thereon is covered with the vehicle interior covering material.

8. The vehicle seat according to claim 5, wherein the bulging portion is covered with a skin formed by a plurality of sewing lines, and at least a portion of the skin is made of the vehicle interior skin material.

Images