Anti-ROR1 antibodies and uses thereof
Antibodies targeting ROR1 with specific complementarity determining regions are developed to address the limited effectiveness of current cancer treatments, achieving high binding affinity and inducing cytotoxicity to suppress tumor growth.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/103509
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-07-04
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Current treatments for cancers, particularly those expressing ROR1, are limited in effectiveness as targeting ROR1 on primary lung cancer cells does not significantly increase cell death.
Development of antibodies or antigen-binding fragments with specificity to the human ROR1 protein, comprising specific heavy and light chain complementarity determining regions, which can be used to treat cancers by binding to ROR1 and potentially inducing cell death.
The antibodies demonstrate high binding affinity to ROR1 and can efficiently induce ROR1-dependent T cell activation and cytotoxicity, thereby suppressing tumor growth in various cancer cells.
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Figure PCTCN2024103509-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
ANTI-ROR1 ANTIBODIES AND USES THEREOF
[0001] CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims the priority of PCT Application No. PCT / CN2023 / 105698, filed July 4, 2023, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0003] REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING
[0004] The content of the electronic sequence listing (375238. xml; Size: 86, 786 bytes; and Date of Creation: July 4, 2024) is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND
[0005] Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1) is a 106-kDa member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. Structurally, the extracellular domain of the ROR1 receptor is composed of three distinct domains: a membrane-distal Immunoglobulin-Like Domain; a membrane-proximal Kringle Domain; and an intervening Frizzled Domain. ROR1 is expressed in the process of embryo and fetal development, and controls cell polarity, cell migration and neurite growth, etc. The expression is gradually reduced according to progress of development, and it is hardly expressed in adults, and it is temporarily expressed in the process of development of B cell, and only little expression has been reported in adipocytes. While ROR1 expression is tightly regulated in normal adult tissues, high levels have been noted in both hematological and solid tumors. ROR1 is normally expressed during early development, but becomes activated by tumor specific mechanisms and may contribute to disease progression in the adult.
[0006] The ligands of ROR1 are believed to be wnt5a and NKX1-2. Wnt5a has been shown to bind to the Frizzled Domain in the extracellular part of ROR1 and, in transfected cells, has been shown to modulate NF-κΒ activation and proliferation of normal and lung tumor cell lines. Binding of NKX1-2 to ROR1 has been shown to play a role in the survival of lung cancer cell lines through both kinase-dependent and kinase-independent mechanisms. ROR1 has been shown to interact with EGFR through the Kringle domain, and this interaction modulates signaling pathways that control apoptosis in lung cancer cell lines. While ROR1 expression does correlate with a worse prognosis in ovarian cancer, no link between ROR1 expression and clinical stage or reduced survival has been shown for lung cancer. Furthermore, although ROR1 siRNA knockdown of lung tumor cell lines leads to reduced viability in vitro, there is no evidence that targeting of ROR1 on primary lung cancer cells results in increased cell death.
[0007] The cancer cell-specific expression of ROR1 indicates that ROR1 can be a potential cancer target for antibody therapy.SUMMARY
[0008] The present disclosure provides antibodies or fragments thereof having binding specificity to the human Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) protein. These antibodies and fragments are useful in the treatment of diseases and conditions such as cancers.
[0009] In one aspect, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are selected from the group consisting of:
[0010] (a) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , or RYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 36) , HCDR2: SISSGGTTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 2) or SISSGGNTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 38) or SISSGGTRYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 39) ,
[0011] HCDR3: DSLYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , DALYYGGSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 40) or DALYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 85) ,
[0012] LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) ,
[0013] LCDR2: RANRLVDG (SEQ ID NO: 5) , RENRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 41) or RANRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 86) , and
[0014] LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) ; and
[0015] (b) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) or NYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 87) , HCDR2: YINPYNGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , YINPYNGVIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 43) or YINPYSGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 88) ,
[0016] HCDR3: RERGVYYGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 9) , RERGVYYGMSE (SEQ ID NO: 44) , RERGVYYGMDF (SEQ ID NO: 45) or RERGVTAGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 89) ,
[0017] LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , or KSSQSLLHSNGKVYLN (SEQ ID NO: 46) or KSSQSLLHSNDKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 90) ,
[0018] LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) or LVSKLSSG (SEQ ID NO: 47) , and
[0019] LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) or YQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 48) .
[0020] In certain embodiments, the antibody is a chimeric antibody or a humanized antibody.
[0021] In certain embodiments, the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are
[0022] (a) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , HCDR2: SISSGGTTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 2) , HCDR3: DSLYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RANRLVDG (SEQ ID NO: 5) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) ,
[0023] (b) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , HCDR2: SISSGGTTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 2) , HCDR3: DALYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 85) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RANRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 86) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) ,
[0024] (c) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , HCDR2: SISSGGTTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 2) , HCDR3: DALYYGGSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 40) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RANRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 86) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) ,
[0025] (d) HCDR1: RYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 36) , HCDR2: SISSGGNTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 38) , HCDR3: DALYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 85) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RENRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 41) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) , or
[0026] (e) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , HCDR2: SISSGGTRYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 39) , HCDR3: DALYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 85) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RENRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 41) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) .
[0027] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 49, 61-64, 75-76, and 78, or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 49, 61-64, 75-76, and 78.
[0028] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 50, 65-68, and 77 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 50, 65-68, and 77.
[0029] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50.
[0030] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68.
[0031] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68.
[0032] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77.
[0033] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77.
[0034] In certain embodiments, the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are
[0035] (a) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYNGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , HCDR3: RERGVYYGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 9) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) ;
[0036] (b) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYNGVIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 43) , HCDR3: RERGVYYGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 9) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLSSG (SEQ ID NO: 47) , and LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) ;
[0037] (c) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYNGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , HCDR3: RERGVYYGMSE (SEQ ID NO: 44) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: YQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 48) ;
[0038] (d) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYNGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , RERGVYYGMDF (SEQ ID NO: 45) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKVYLN (SEQ ID NO: 46) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: YQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 48) ;
[0039] (e) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYSGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 88) , HCDR3: RERGVTAGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 89) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) ;
[0040] (f) HCDR1: NYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 87) , HCDR2: YINPYSGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 88) , HCDR3: RERGVYYGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 9) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) ; or
[0041] (g) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYSGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 88) , RERGVYYGMSE (SEQ ID NO: 44) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNDKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 90) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: YQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 48) .
[0042] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 51, 69-71, 79, 81, 83 and 91-93, or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 51, 69-71, 79, 81, 83 and 91-93.
[0043] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 52, 72-74, 80, 82, 84 and 94, or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 52, 72-74, 80, 82, 84 and 94.
[0044] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51.
[0045] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72.
[0046] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80.
[0047] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 82.
[0048] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 83, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 84.
[0049] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72.
[0050] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 92, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72.
[0051] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93, and a light chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 94.
[0052] In one aspect, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein has specificity to a human ROR1 protein, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3,
[0053] wherein:
[0054] the set of HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 is selected from Table 1, or CDR sets derived from Table 1, Table 3 or Table 5 with one, two, or three amino acid addition, deletion and / or substitution in one or more of the CDRs, and
[0055] the set of LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are selected from Table 1 or CDR sets derived from Table 1, Table 3 or Table 5 with one, two, or three amino acid addition, deletion and / or substitution in one or more of the CDRs.
[0056] In one aspect, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein having specificity to a human ROR1 protein, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof compete with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of the preceding claims.
[0057] In one aspect, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein further comprises a heavy chain constant region, a light chain constant region, an Fc region, or the combination thereof.
[0058] In certain embodiments, the light chain constant region is a kappa or lambda chain constant region.
[0059] In certain embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is of an isotype of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE or IgD.
[0060] In certain embodiments, the isotype is IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4.
[0061] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a bifunctional molecule, comprising a first antigen-binding portion having specificity to a human ROR1 protein and a second portion having specificity to a second protein, wherein the first antigen-binding portion comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein.
[0062] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein or the bifunctional molecule provided herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0063] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an isolated cell comprising one or more polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein or the bifunctional molecule provided herein.
[0064] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide encoding one or more chains of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein or the bifunctional molecule provided herein.
[0065] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of treating a cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein or the bifunctional molecule provided herein. In certain embodiments, the method further comprises administering to the patient a therapy for treating said cancer. In certain embodiments, the said therapy is selected from the group consisting of immunotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
[0066] In certain embodiments, the cancer is selected from the group consisting of bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancer.
[0067] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of detecting expression of ROR1 in a sample, comprising contacting the sample with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof provided herein or the bifunctional molecule provided herein under conditions for the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to bind to the ROR1, and detecting the binding which indicates expression of ROR1 in the sample.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0068] FIG. 1 shows the binding affinity of anti-ROR1 mAbs to ROR1 ECD proteins as measured by ELISA. (A) Binding of anti-ROR1 mAbs to hu / Cyno / Rhes ROR1 ECD; (B) Binding of anti-ROR1 mAbs to mouse ROR1 ECD; (C) Binding of anti-ROR1 mAbs to human ROR2 ECD.
[0069] FIG. 2 shows the binding affinity of anti-ROR1 mAbs to ROR1 expressing cells as measured by FACS. (A) Binding of anti-ROR1 mAbs to Jeko-1 cell; (B) Binding of anti-ROR1 mAbs to MDA-MB-231 cell; (C) Binding of anti-ROR1 mAbs to A549 cell.
[0070] FIG. 3 shows the binding affinity of humanized 3C5 to human ROR1 ECD protein (A, ELISA) and A549 cells (B, FACS) .
[0071] FIG. 4 shows the binding affinity of humanized 8F2 to human ROR1 ECD protein (A, ELISA) and A549 cells (B, FACS) .
[0072] FIG. 5 shows the SPR result of parental and humanized 3C5 and 8F2. (A) Result of parental 3C5; (B) Result of parental 8F2; (C) Result of humanized 3C5; (D) Result of humanized 8F2.
[0073] FIG. 6 shows the binding affinity of the affinity maturated candidates of the humanized 3C5 (A and B) and 8F2 to ROR1 expressing cells (C and D) .DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0074] Definitions
[0075] It is to be noted that the term “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity; for example, “an antibody, ” is understood to represent one or more antibodies. As such, the terms “a” (or “an” ) , “one or more, ” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein.
[0076] As used herein, an “antibody” or “antigen-binding polypeptide” refers to a polypeptide or a polypeptide complex that specifically recognizes and binds to an antigen. An antibody can be a whole antibody and any antigen binding fragment or a single chain thereof. Thus the term “antibody” includes any protein or peptide containing molecule that comprises at least a portion of an immunoglobulin molecule having biological activity of binding to the antigen. Examples of such include, but are not limited to a complementarity determining region (CDR) of a heavy or light chain or a ligand binding portion thereof, a heavy chain or light chain variable region, a heavy chain or light chain constant region, a framework (FR) region, or any portion thereof, or at least one portion of a binding protein.
[0077] The terms “antibody fragment” or “antigen-binding fragment” , as used herein, is a portion of an antibody such as F (ab’) 2, F (ab) 2, Fab’, Fab, Fv, scFv and the like. Regardless of structure, an antibody fragment binds with the same antigen that is recognized by the intact antibody. The term “antibody fragment” includes aptamers, spiegelmers, and diabodies. The term “antibody fragment” also includes any synthetic or genetically engineered protein that acts like an antibody by binding to a specific antigen to form a complex.
[0078] A “single-chain variable fragment” or “scFv” refers to a fusion protein of the variable regions of the heavy (VH) and light chains (VL) of immunoglobulins. In some aspects, the regions are connected with a short linker peptide of ten to about 25 amino acids. The linker can be rich in glycine for flexibility, as well as serine or threonine for solubility, and can either connect the N-terminus of the VH with the C-terminus of the VL, or vice versa. This protein retains the specificity of the original immunoglobulin, despite removal of the constant regions and the introduction of the linker. ScFv molecules are known in the art and are described, e.g., in US patent 5,892,019.
[0079] The term antibody encompasses various broad classes of polypeptides that can be distinguished biochemically. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that heavy chains are classified as gamma, mu, alpha, delta, or epsilon (γ, μ, α, δ, ε) with some subclasses among them (e.g., γ l-γ4) . It is the nature of this chain that determines the “class” of the antibody as IgG, IgM, IgA IgG, or IgE, respectively. The immunoglobulin subclasses (isotypes) e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgG5, etc. are well characterized and are known to confer functional specialization. Modified versions of each of these classes and isotypes are readily discernable to the skilled artisan in view of the instant disclosure and, accordingly, are within the scope of the instant disclosure. All immunoglobulin classes are clearly within the scope of the present disclosure, the following discussion will generally be directed to the IgG class of immunoglobulin molecules. With regard to IgG, a standard immunoglobulin molecule comprises two identical light chain polypeptides of molecular weight approximately 23,000 Daltons, and two identical heavy chain polypeptides of molecular weight 53,000-70,000. The four chains are typically joined by disulfide bonds in a “Y” configuration wherein the light chains bracket the heavy chains starting at the mouth of the “Y” and continuing through the variable region.
[0080] Antibodies, antigen-binding polypeptides, variants, or derivatives thereof of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, polyclonal, monoclonal, multispecific, human, humanized, primatized, or chimeric antibodies, single chain antibodies, epitope-binding fragments, e.g., Fab, Fab’ and F (ab’) 2, Fd, Fvs, single-chain Fvs (scFv) , single-chain antibodies, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv) , fragments comprising either a VK or VH domain, fragments produced by a Fab expression library, and anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies (including, e.g., anti-Id antibodies to LIGHT antibodies disclosed herein) . Immunoglobulin or antibody molecules of the disclosure can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA, and IgY) , class (e.g., IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgAl and IgA2) or subclass of immunoglobulin molecule.
[0081] Light chains are classified as either kappa or lambda (K, λ) . Each heavy chain class may be bound with either a kappa or lambda light chain. In general, the light and heavy chains are covalently bonded to each other, and the “tail” portions of the two heavy chains are bonded to each other by covalent disulfide linkages or non-covalent linkages when the immunoglobulins are generated either by hybridomas, B cells or genetically engineered host cells. In the heavy chain, the amino acid sequences run from an N-terminus at the forked ends of the Y configuration to the C-terminus at the bottom of each chain.
[0082] Both the light and heavy chains are divided into regions of structural and functional homology. The terms “constant” and “variable” are used functionally. In this regard, it will be appreciated that the variable domains of both the light (VK) and heavy (VH) chain portions determine antigen recognition and specificity. Conversely, the constant domains of the light chain (CK) and the heavy chain (CH1, CH2 or CH3) confer important biological properties such as secretion, transplacental mobility, Fc receptor binding, complement binding, and the like. By convention the numbering of the constant region domains increases as they become more distal from the antigen-binding site or amino-terminus of the antibody. The N-terminal portion is a variable region and at the C-terminal portion is a constant region; the CH3 and CK domains actually comprise the carboxy-terminus of the heavy and light chain, respectively.
[0083] As indicated above, the variable region allows the antibody to selectively recognize and specifically bind epitopes on antigens. That is, the VK domain and VH domain, or subset of the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) , of an antibody combine to form the variable region that defines a three dimensional antigen-binding site. This quaternary antibody structure forms the antigen-binding site present at the end of each arm of the Y. More specifically, the antigen-binding site is defined by three CDRs on each of the VH and VK chains (i.e. CDR-H1, CDR-H2, CDR-H3, CDR-L1, CDR-L2 and CDR-L3) . In some instances, e.g., certain immunoglobulin molecules derived from camelid species or engineered based on camelid immunoglobulins, a complete immunoglobulin molecule may consist of heavy chains only, with no light chains. See, e.g., Hamers-Casterman et al., Nature 363: 446-448 (1993) .
[0084] In naturally occurring antibodies, the six “complementarity determining regions” or “CDRs” present in each antigen-binding domain are short, non-contiguous sequences of amino acids that are specifically positioned to form the antigen-binding domain as the antibody assumes its three dimensional configuration in an aqueous environment. The remainder of the amino acids in the antigen-binding domains, referred to as “framework” regions, show less inter-molecular variability. The framework regions largely adopt a β-sheet conformation and the CDRs form loops which connect, and in some cases form part of, the β-sheet structure. Thus, framework regions act to form a scaffold that provides for positioning the CDRs in correct orientation by inter-chain, non-covalent interactions. The antigen-binding domain formed by the positioned CDRs defines a surface complementary to the epitope on the immunoreactive antigen. This complementary surface promotes the non-covalent binding of the antibody to its cognate epitope. The amino acids comprising the CDRs and the framework regions, respectively, can be readily identified for any given heavy or light chain variable region by one of ordinary skill in the art, since they have been precisely defined (see “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, ” Kabat, E., et al., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, (1983) ; and Chothia and Lesk, J. MoI. Biol., 196: 901-917 (1987) ) .
[0085] In the case where there are two or more definitions of a term which is used and / or accepted within the art, the definition of the term as used herein is intended to include all such meanings unless explicitly stated to the contrary. A specific example is the use of the term “complementarity determining region” ( “CDR” ) to describe the non-contiguous antigen combining sites found within the variable region of both heavy and light chain polypeptides. This particular region has been described by Kabat et al., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest” (1983) and by Chothia et al., J. MoI. Biol. 196: 901-917 (1987) , which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The CDR definitions according to Kabat and Chothia include overlapping or subsets of amino acid residues when compared against each other. Nevertheless, application of either definition to refer to a CDR of an antibody or variants thereof is intended to be within the scope of the term as defined and used herein. The appropriate amino acid residues which encompass the CDRs as defined by each of the above cited references are set forth in the table below as a comparison. The exact residue numbers which encompass a particular CDR will vary depending on the sequence and size of the CDR. Those skilled in the art can routinely determine which residues comprise a particular CDR given the variable region amino acid sequence of the antibody.
[0086] Kabat et al. also defined a numbering system for variable domain sequences that is applicable to any antibody. One of ordinary skill in the art can unambiguously assign this system of “Kabat numbering” to any variable domain sequence, without reliance on any experimental data beyond the sequence itself. As used herein, “Kabat numbering” refers to the numbering system set forth by Kabat et al., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Sequence of Proteins of Immunological Interest” (1983) .
[0087] In addition to table above, the Kabat number system describes the CDR regions as follows: CDR-H1 begins at approximately amino acid 31 (i.e., approximately 9 residues after the first cysteine residue) , includes approximately 5-7 amino acids, and ends at the next tryptophan residue. CDR-H2 begins at the fifteenth residue after the end of CDR-H1, includes approximately 16-19 amino acids, and ends at the next arginine or lysine residue. CDR-H3 begins at approximately the thirty third amino acid residue after the end of CDR-H2; includes 3-25 amino acids; and ends at the sequence W-G-X-G, where X is any amino acid. CDR-L1 begins at approximately residue 24 (i.e., following a cysteine residue) ; includes approximately 10-17 residues; and ends at the next tryptophan residue. CDR-L2 begins at approximately the sixteenth residue after the end of CDR-L1 and includes approximately 7 residues. CDR-L3 begins at approximately the thirty third residue after the end of CDR-L2 (i.e., following a cysteine residue) ; includes approximately 7-11 residues and ends at the sequence F or W-G-X-G, where X is any amino acid.
[0088] Antibodies disclosed herein may be from any animal origin including birds and mammals. Preferably, the antibodies are human, murine, donkey, rabbit, goat, guinea pig, camel, llama, horse, or chicken antibodies. In another embodiment, the variable region may be condricthoid in origin (e.g., from sharks) .
[0089] As used herein, the term “heavy chain constant region” includes amino acid sequences derived from an immunoglobulin heavy chain. A polypeptide comprising a heavy chain constant region comprises at least one of: a CH1 domain, a hinge (e.g., upper, middle, and / or lower hinge region) domain, a CH2 domain, a CH3 domain, or a variant or fragment thereof. For example, an antigen-binding polypeptide for use in the disclosure may comprise a polypeptide chain comprising a CH1 domain; a polypeptide chain comprising a CH1 domain, at least a portion of a hinge domain, and a CH2 domain; a polypeptide chain comprising a CH1 domain and a CH3 domain; a polypeptide chain comprising a CH1 domain, at least a portion of a hinge domain, and a CH3 domain, or a polypeptide chain comprising a CH1 domain, at least a portion of a hinge domain, a CH2 domain, and a CH3 domain. In another embodiment, a polypeptide of the disclosure comprises a polypeptide chain comprising a CH3 domain. Further, an antibody for use in the disclosure may lack at least a portion of a CH2 domain (e.g., all or part of a CH2 domain) . As set forth above, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the heavy chain constant region may be modified such that they vary in amino acid sequence from the naturally occurring immunoglobulin molecule.
[0090] The heavy chain constant region of an antibody disclosed herein may be derived from different immunoglobulin molecules. For example, a heavy chain constant region of a polypeptide may comprise a CH1 domain derived from an IgGl molecule and a hinge region derived from an IgG3 molecule. In another example, a heavy chain constant region can comprise a hinge region derived, in part, from an IgGl molecule and, in part, from an IgG3 molecule. In another example, a heavy chain portion can comprise a chimeric hinge derived, in part, from an IgGl molecule and, in part, from an IgG4 molecule.
[0091] As used herein, the term “light chain constant region” includes amino acid sequences derived from antibody light chain. Preferably, the light chain constant region comprises at least one of a constant kappa domain or constant lambda domain.
[0092] A “light chain-heavy chain pair” refers to the collection of a light chain and heavy chain that can form a dimer through a disulfide bond between the CL domain of the light chain and the CH1 domain of the heavy chain.
[0093] As previously indicated, the subunit structures and three dimensional configuration of the constant regions of the various immunoglobulin classes are well known. As used herein, the term “VH domain” includes the amino terminal variable domain of an immunoglobulin heavy chain and the term “CH1 domain” includes the first (most amino terminal) constant region domain of an immunoglobulin heavy chain. The CH1 domain is adjacent to the VH domain and is amino terminal to the hinge region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain molecule.
[0094] As used herein the term “CH2 domain” includes the portion of a heavy chain molecule that extends, e.g., from about residue 244 to residue 360 of an antibody using conventional numbering schemes (residues 244 to 360, Kabat numbering system; and residues 231-340, EU numbering system; see Kabat et al., U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest” (1983) . The CH2 domain is unique in that it is not closely paired with another domain. Rather, two N-linked branched carbohydrate chains are interposed between the two CH2 domains of an intact native IgG molecule. It is also well documented that the CH3 domain extends from the CH2 domain to the C-terminal of the IgG molecule and comprises approximately 108 residues.
[0095] As used herein, the term “hinge region” includes the portion of a heavy chain molecule that joins the CH1 domain to the CH2 domain. This hinge region comprises approximately 25 residues and is flexible, thus allowing the two N-terminal antigen-binding regions to move independently. Hinge regions can be subdivided into three distinct domains: upper, middle, and lower hinge domains (Roux et al., J. Immunol 161: 4083 (1998) ) .
[0096] As used herein the term “disulfide bond” includes the covalent bond formed between two sulfur atoms. The amino acid cysteine comprises a thiol group that can form a disulfide bond or bridge with a second thiol group. In most naturally occurring IgG molecules, the CH1 and CK regions are linked by a disulfide bond and the two heavy chains are linked by two disulfide bonds at positions corresponding to 239 and 242 using the Kabat numbering system (position 226 or 229, EU numbering system) .
[0097] As used herein, the term “chimeric antibody” will be held to mean any antibody wherein the immunoreactive region or site is obtained or derived from a first species and the constant region (which may be intact, partial or modified in accordance with the instant disclosure) is obtained from a second species. In certain embodiments the target binding region or site will be from a non-human source (e.g. mouse or primate) and the constant region is human.
[0098] By “specifically binds” or “has specificity to, ” it is generally meant that an antibody binds to an epitope via its antigen-binding domain, and that the binding entails some complementarity between the antigen-binding domain and the epitope. According to this definition, an antibody is said to “specifically bind” to an epitope when it binds to that epitope, via its antigen-binding domain more readily than it would bind to a random, unrelated epitope. The term “specificity” is used herein to qualify the relative affinity by which a certain antibody binds to a certain epitope. For example, antibody “A” may be deemed to have a higher specificity for a given epitope than antibody “B, ” or antibody “A” may be said to bind to epitope “C” with a higher specificity than it has for related epitope “D. ”
[0099] As used herein, the terms “treat” or “treatment” refer to both therapeutic treatment and prophylactic or preventative measures, wherein the object is to prevent or slow down (lessen) an undesired physiological change or disorder, such as the progression of cancer. Beneficial or desired clinical results include, but are not limited to, alleviation of symptoms, diminishment of extent of disease, stabilized (i.e., not worsening) state of disease, delay or slowing of disease progression, amelioration or palliation of the disease state, and remission (whether partial or total) , whether detectable or undetectable. “Treatment” can also mean prolonging survival as compared to expected survival if not receiving treatment. Those in need of treatment include those already with the condition or disorder as well as those prone to have the condition or disorder or those in which the condition or disorder is to be prevented.
[0100] By “subject” or “individual” or “animal” or “patient” or “mammal, ” is meant any subject, particularly a mammalian subject, for whom diagnosis, prognosis, or therapy is desired. Mammalian subjects include humans, domestic animals, farm animals, and zoo, sport, or pet animals such as dogs, cats, guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, mice, horses, cattle, cows, and so on.
[0101] As used herein, phrases such as “to a patient in need of treatment” or “asubject in need of treatment” includes subjects, such as mammalian subjects, that would benefit from administration of an antibody or composition of the present disclosure used, e.g., for detection, for a diagnostic procedure and / or for treatment.
[0102] Anti-ROR1 Antibodies
[0103] The present disclosure provides antibodies, including antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, that have binding specificity to the human ROR1 protein. As demonstrated in the experimental examples, numerous murine anti-human ROR1 antibodies were obtained, having high binding affinity to the human ROR1 protein. The murine antibody clones, 3C5 and 8F2, were selected for further humanization and characterization. The humanized antibodies bound human ROR1 with high affinity and efficiently induced ROR1 dependent T cell activation and cytotoxicity.
[0104] Additional functional studies showed that these antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof efficiently bind to a broad cancer cells with potent activity. These antibodies or their derivatives significantly suppress tumor growth.
[0105] In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, provided are antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof that include the heavy chain and light chain variable domains with the CDR regions of the antibodies prepared in the experimental examples. The CDRs are summarized in Table 1A below (Kabat numbering) .
[0106] Table 1A. CDR sequences of the anti-ROR1 antibody clones
[0107] In some embodiments, the VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 are selected from any set of VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 shown in Table 1, and the VL CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 are selected from any set of VL CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 shown in Table 1. In some embodiments, the VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 and the VL CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 are selected from those derived from the same antibody in the examples.
[0108] In some embodiments, at least one, or two, or three, or four, or five, or six of the VH CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 and the VL CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the above are modified by one, two or three amino acid additions, deletions, substitutions, or the combinations thereof.
[0109] According to specific embodiments, the antibody is a humanized antibody. Humanized forms of non-human (e.g., murine) antibodies are chimeric molecules of immunoglobulins, immunoglobulin chains or fragments thereof (such as Fv, Fab, Fab’, F (ab’) 2 or other antigen-binding subsequences of antibodies) which contain minimal sequence derived from non-human immunoglobulin. Humanized antibodies include human immunoglobulins (recipient antibody) in which residues form a complementary determining region (CDR) of the recipient are replaced by residues from a CDR of a non-human species (donor antibody) such as mouse, rat or rabbit having the desired specificity, affinity and capacity. In some instances, Fv framework residues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by corresponding non-human residues. Humanized antibodies may also comprise residues which are found neither in the recipient antibody nor in the imported CDR or framework sequences. In general, the humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the CDR regions correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FR regions are those of a human immunoglobulin consensus sequence. The humanized antibody optimally also will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc) , typically that of a human immunoglobulin (Jones et al., Nature, 321: 522-525 (1986) ; Riechmann et al., Nature, 332: 323-329 (1988) ; and Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol., 2: 593-596 (1992) ) .
[0110] Methods for humanizing non-human antibodies are well known in the art. Generally, a humanized antibody has one or more amino acid residues introduced into it from a source which is non-human. These non-human amino acid residues are often referred to as import residues, which are typically taken from an import variable domain. Humanization can be essentially performed following the method of Winter and co-workers (Jones et al., Nature, 321: 522-525 (1986) ; Riechmann et al., Nature 332: 323-327 (1988) ; Verhoeyen et al., Science, 239: 1534-1536 (1988) ) , by substituting rodent CDRs or CDR sequences for the corresponding sequences of a human antibody. Accordingly, such humanized antibodies are chimeric antibodies (U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567) , wherein substantially less than an intact human variable domain has been substituted by the corresponding sequence from a non-human species. In practice, humanized antibodies are typically human antibodies in which some CDR residues and possibly some FR residues are substituted by residues from analogous sites in rodent antibodies.
[0111] In certain embodiments, the CDR residues are further mutated during the humanization process. In certain embodiments, the CDR3 of the heavy chain variable region of 3C5 can be mutated from DSLYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) to DALYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 85) . In certain embodiments, The CDR2 of the light chain variable region of 3C5 can be mutated from RANRLVDG (SEQ ID NO: 5) to RANRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 86) .
[0112] 3C5 CDR mutation during humanization
[0113] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and comprise a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 61-64, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 61-64.
[0114] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and comprise a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 65-68 or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 65-68.
[0115] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and comprise a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, and a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68.
[0116] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and comprise a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 69-71, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 69-71.
[0117] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and comprise a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 72-74 or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 72-74.
[0118] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and comprise a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69, and a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72.
[0119] Antibodies may be produced by a process of affinity maturation in which a modified antibody is generated that has an improvement in the affinity of the antibody for antigen, compared to an unmodified parent antibody. Affinity-matured antibodies may be produced by procedures known in the art, e.g., Marks et al., Rio / Technology 10: 779-783 (1992) ; Barbas et al. Proc Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 91 : 3809-3813 (1994) ; Schier et al. Gene 169: 147-155 (1995) ; Yelton et al. J. Immunol. 155: 1994-2004 (1995) ; Jackson et al., J. Immunol. 154 (7) : 331 0-15 9 (1995) ; and Hawkins et al, J. Mol. Biol. 226: 889-896 (1992) .
[0120] The CDR variants of 3C5 and 8F2 undergone affinity maturation are listed in Table 1B below (Kabat numbering) .
[0121] Table 1B. Affinity matured CDR variants of 3C5 and 8F2
[0122] 3C5 affinity maturation (Kabat CDR underlined)
[0123] 8F2 affinity maturation (Kabat CDR underlined)
[0124] An example of affinity matured anti-ROR1 antibody or fragment thereof includes the following CDRs:
[0125] (a) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , HCDR2: SISSGGTTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 2) , HCDR3: DALYYGGSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 40) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RANRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 86) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) ;
[0126] (b) HCDR1: RYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 36) , HCDR2: SISSGGNTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 38) , HCDR3: DALYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 85) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RENRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 41) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) , or
[0127] (c) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , HCDR2: SISSGGTRYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 39) , HCDR3: DALYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 85) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RENRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 41) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) .
[0128] Another example of affinity matured anti-ROR1 antibody or fragment thereof includes the following CDRs:
[0129] (a) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYNGVIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 43) , HCDR3: RERGVYYGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 9) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLSSG (SEQ ID NO: 47) , and LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) ;
[0130] (b) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYNGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , HCDR3: RERGVYYGMSE (SEQ ID NO: 44) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: YQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 48) ;
[0131] (c) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYNGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , RERGVYYGMDF (SEQ ID NO: 45) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKVYLN (SEQ ID NO: 46) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: YQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 48) ;
[0132] (e) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYSGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 88) , HCDR3: RERGVTAGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 89) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) ;
[0133] (f) HCDR1: NYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 87) , HCDR2: YINPYSGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 88) , HCDR3: RERGVYYGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 9) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) ; or
[0134] (g) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYSGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 88) , RERGVYYGMSE (SEQ ID NO: 44) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNDKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 90) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: YQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 48) .
[0135] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and comprise a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 75-76, and 78, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 75-76, and 78.
[0136] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and comprise a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 68 and 77 or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 68 and 77.
[0137] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and comprise a heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 79, 81, and 83, or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 79, 81, and 83.
[0138] In certain embodiments, the antibodies and the fragment thereof are humanized and affinity matured and comprise a light chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 80, 82 and 84 or a peptide having at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 80, 82 and 84.
[0139] In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof having specificity to a human ROR1 protein, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3.
[0140] In one embodiments, the HCDR1 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13, the HCDR2 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14, the HCDR3 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15, the LCDR1 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 16, the LCDR2 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 17 and the LCDR3 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 18. In some embodiments, the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 53 and the VL includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 54.
[0141] In one embodiments, the HCDR1 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 19, the HCDR2 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20, the HCDR3 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 21, the LCDR1 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 22, the LCDR2 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 23 and the LCDR3 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 24. In some embodiments, the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 55 and the VL includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 56.
[0142] In one embodiments, the HCDR1 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 25, the HCDR2 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 26, the HCDR3 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 27, the LCDR1 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 28, the LCDR2 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 11 and the LCDR3 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 29. In some embodiments, the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 57 and the VL includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 58.
[0143] In one embodiments, the HCDR1 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 30, the HCDR2 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 31, the HCDR3 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 32, the LCDR1 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 33, the LCDR2 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 34 and the LCDR3 includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 35. In some embodiments, the VH comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 59 and the VL includes the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 60.
[0144] The CDRs, heavy chain variable regions and light chain variable regions of the present disclosure can be further modified. In some embodiments, the modified heavy chain variable region or light chain variable region retains at least about 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%or 99%sequence identity and is still capable of binding to ROR1.
[0145] In some embodiments, the modification is substitution at no more than one hot spot position from each of the CDRs. In some embodiments, the modification is substitution at one, two or three such hot spot positions. In one embodiment, the modification is substitution at one of the hot spot positions. Such substitutions, in some embodiments, are conservative substitutions.
[0146] A “conservative amino acid substitution” is one in which the amino acid residue is replaced with an amino acid residue having a similar side chain. Families of amino acid residues having similar side chains have been defined in the art, including basic side chains (e.g., lysine, arginine, histidine) , acidic side chains (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid) , uncharged polar side chains (e.g., glycine, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, tyrosine, cysteine) , nonpolar side chains (e.g., alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, methionine, tryptophan) , beta-branched side chains (e.g., threonine, valine, isoleucine) and aromatic side chains (e.g., tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine) . Thus, a nonessential amino acid residue in an immunoglobulin polypeptide is preferably replaced with another amino acid residue from the same side chain family. In another embodiment, a string of amino acids can be replaced with a structurally similar string that differs in order and / or composition of side chain family members.
[0147] Non-limiting examples of conservative amino acid substitutions are provided in the table below, where a similarity score of 0 or higher indicates conservative substitution between the two amino acids.
[0148] Amino Acid Similarity Matrix
[0149] Conservative Amino Acid Substitutions
[0150] It will also be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that antibodies as disclosed herein may be modified such that they vary in amino acid sequence from the naturally occurring binding polypeptide from which they were derived. For example, a polypeptide or amino acid sequence derived from a designated protein may be similar, e.g., have a certain percent identity to the starting sequence, e.g., it may be 60%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 99%identical to the starting sequence.
[0151] In certain embodiments, the antibody provided herein further comprises a heavy chain constant region, a light chain constant region, an Fc region, or the combination thereof.
[0152] The Fc region can be engineered to enhance or eliminate effector function. IgG antibodies can induce direct anti-tumor effects by way of indirect anti-tumor effects via the Fc-mediated effector functions that engage other immune cells or killer mechanisms. “Effector functions” or “antibody effector functions” as used herein refer to biological activities attributable to the binding of Fc region of an antibody to its effectors such as C1 complex and Fc receptor (FcγRIIa or FcγRIIIa) . Exemplary effector functions include: complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) induced by interaction of antibodies and C1q on the C1 complex; antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) induced by binding of Fc region of an antibody to Fc receptor on an effector cell; and antibody dependent cell mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) , where nonspecific cytotoxic cells that express Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) recognize bound antibody on a target cell and subsequently cause phagocytosis of the target cell.
[0153] Among the four IgG subclasses, IgG1 and IgG3 induce the strongest Fc-effector functions. However, since IgG1 has the longest half-life and is more stable than IgG3, most therapeutic antibodies with Fc-mediated functions are of IgG1 isotype.
[0154] IgG2 and IgG4 isotypes have significantly lower binding affinity to FcγRs. Recent evidence suggests that the IgG2 isotype is not completely devoid of effector function, whereas the IgG4 isotype can undergo in vivo Fab arm exchange leading to bispecific antibody and off-target effects.
[0155] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a multispecific proteins, such as antibodies or fragments thereof. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure provides a bifunctional molecule, comprising a first antigen-binding portion having specificity to a human ROR1 protein and a second portion having specificity to a second protein, wherein the first antigen-binding portion comprises an anti-ROR1 antibody or fragment thereof as provided herein.
[0156] In certain embodiments, the second portion is an antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof. In certain embodiments, the second portion has specificity to immune checkpoints. In certain embodiments, the second portion has specificity to other tumor antigens.
[0157] In certain embodiments, the antibody comprises an amino acid sequence or one or more moieties not normally associated with an antibody. Exemplary modifications are described in more detail below. For example, an antibody of the disclosure may comprise a flexible linker sequence, or may be modified to add a functional moiety (e.g., PEG, a drug, a toxin, or a label) .
[0158] Antibodies, variants, or derivatives thereof of the disclosure include derivatives that are modified, i.e., by the covalent attachment of any type of molecule to the antibody such that covalent attachment does not prevent the antibody from binding to the epitope. For example, but not by way of limitation, the antibodies can be modified, e.g., by glycosylation, acetylation, pegylation, phosphorylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by known protecting / blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to a cellular ligand or other protein, etc. Any of numerous chemical modifications may be carried out by known techniques, including, but not limited to specific chemical cleavage, acetylation, formylation, metabolic synthesis of tunicamycin, etc. Additionally, the antibodies may contain one or more non-classical amino acids.
[0159] In some embodiments, the antibodies may be conjugated to therapeutic agents, prodrugs, peptides, proteins, enzymes, viruses, lipids, biological response modifiers, pharmaceutical agents, or PEG.
[0160] The antibodies may be conjugated or fused to a therapeutic agent, which may include detectable labels such as radioactive labels, an immunomodulator, a hormone, an enzyme, an oligonucleotide, a photoactive therapeutic or diagnostic agent, a cytotoxic agent, which may be a drug or a toxin, an ultrasound enhancing agent, a non-radioactive label, a combination thereof and other such agents known in the art.
[0161] Polynucleotides Encoding the Antibodies and Methods of Preparing the Antibodies
[0162] The present disclosure also provides isolated polynucleotides or nucleic acid molecules encoding the antibodies, variants or derivatives thereof of the disclosure. The polynucleotides of the present disclosure may encode the entire heavy and light chain variable regions of the antigen-binding polypeptides, variants or derivatives thereof on the same polynucleotide molecule or on separate polynucleotide molecules. Additionally, the polynucleotides of the present disclosure may encode portions of the heavy and light chain variable regions of the antigen-binding polypeptides, variants or derivatives thereof on the same polynucleotide molecule or on separate polynucleotide molecules.
[0163] Methods of making antibodies are well known in the art and described herein. In certain embodiments, both the variable and constant regions of the antigen-binding polypeptides of the present disclosure are fully human. Fully human antibodies can be made using techniques described in the art and as described herein. For example, fully human antibodies against a specific antigen can be prepared by administering the antigen to a transgenic animal which has been modified to produce such antibodies in response to antigenic challenge, but whose endogenous loci have been disabled. Exemplary techniques that can be used to make such antibodies are described in U.S. patents: 6,150,584; 6,458,592; 6,420,140 which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.
[0164] Treatment and Diagnostic Methods
[0165] As described herein, the antibodies, variants or derivatives of the present disclosure may be used in certain treatment and diagnostic methods.
[0166] The present disclosure is further directed to antibody-based therapies which involve administering the antibodies of the disclosure to a patient such as an animal, a mammal, and a human for treating one or more of the disorders or conditions described herein. Therapeutic compounds of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, antibodies of the disclosure (including variants and derivatives thereof as described herein) and nucleic acids or polynucleotides encoding antibodies of the disclosure (including variants and derivatives thereof as described herein) .
[0167] In some embodiments, provided are methods for treating a cancer in a patient in need thereof. The method, in one embodiment, entails administering to the patient an effective amount of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of the present disclosure.
[0168] In some embodiments, provided are uses of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a cancer in a patient in need thereof.
[0169] In some embodiments, provided are the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the present disclosure for use in the treatment of a cancer in a patient in need thereof.
[0170] Non-limiting examples of cancers include bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancer.
[0171] Additional diseases or conditions associated with increased cell survival, that may be treated, prevented, diagnosed and / or prognosed with the antibodies or variants, or derivatives thereof of the disclosure include, but are not limited to, progression, and / or metastases of malignancies and related disorders such as leukemia (including acute leukemias (e.g., acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myelocytic leukemia (including myeloblastic, promyelocytic, myelomonocytic, monocytic, and erythroleukemia) ) and chronic leukemias (e.g., chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia) ) , polycythemia vera, lymphomas (e.g., Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s disease) , multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia, heavy chain disease, and solid tumors including, but not limited to, sarcomas and carcinomas such as fibrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, chordoma, angiosarcoma, endotheliosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, lymphangioendotheliosarcoma, synovioma, mesothelioma, Ewing’s tumor, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyo sarcoma, colon carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, sebaceous gland carcinoma, papillary carcinoma, papillary adenocarcinomas, cystadenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, hepatoma, bile duct carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, Wilm’s tumor, cervical cancer, testicular tumor, lung carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, epithelial carcinoma, glioma, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, pinealoma, hemangioblastoma, acoustic neuroma, oligodendroglioma, menangioma, melanoma, neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma.
[0172] A specific dosage and treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors, including the particular antibodies, variant or derivative thereof used, the patient’s age, body weight, general health, sex, and diet, and the time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, and the severity of the particular disease being treated. Judgment of such factors by medical caregivers is within the ordinary skill in the art. The amount will also depend on the individual patient to be treated, the route of administration, the type of formulation, the characteristics of the compound used, the severity of the disease, and the desired effect. The amount used can be determined by pharmacological and pharmacokinetic principles well known in the art.
[0173] Methods of administration of the antibodies, variants or include but are not limited to intradermal, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous, intranasal, epidural, and oral routes. The antigen-binding polypeptides or compositions may be administered by any convenient route, for example by infusion or bolus injection, by absorption through epithelial or mucocutaneous linings (e.g., oral mucosa, rectal and intestinal mucosa, etc. ) and may be administered together with other biologically active agents. Thus, pharmaceutical compositions containing the antigen-binding polypeptides of the disclosure may be administered orally, rectally, parenterally, intracistemally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, topically (as by powders, ointments, drops or transdermal patch) , bucally, or as an oral or nasal spray.
[0174] The term “parenteral” as used herein refers to modes of administration which include intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intrasternal, subcutaneous and intra-articular injection and infusion.
[0175] Administration can be systemic or local. In addition, it may be desirable to introduce the antibodies of the disclosure into the central nervous system by any suitable route, including intraventricular and intrathecal injection; intraventricular injection may be facilitated by an intraventricular catheter, for example, attached to a reservoir, such as an Ommaya reservoir. Pulmonary administration can also be employed, e.g., by use of an inhaler or nebulizer, and formulation with an aerosolizing agent.
[0176] It may be desirable to administer the antigen-binding polypeptides or compositions of the disclosure locally to the area in need of treatment; this may be achieved by, for example, and not by way of limitation, local infusion during surgery, topical application, e.g., in conjunction, with a wound dressing after surgery, by injection, by means of a catheter, by means of a suppository, or by means of an implant, said implant being of a porous, non-porous, or gelatinous material, including membranes, such as sialastic membranes, or fibers. Preferably, when administering a protein, including an antibody, of the disclosure, care must be taken to use materials to which the protein does not absorb.
[0177] Methods of detecting expression of a human ROR1 protein in a sample are also provided, in some embodiments, comprising contacting the sample with the antibody or fragment thereof, and detecting the binding which indicates expression of ROR1 in the sample.
[0178] In certain embodiments, provided are uses of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a kit for detecting expression of a human ROR1 protein in a sample.
[0179] Compositions
[0180] The present disclosure also provides pharmaceutical compositions. Such compositions comprise an effective amount of an antibody, and an acceptable carrier. In some embodiments, the composition further includes a second anticancer agent (e.g., an immune checkpoint inhibitor) .
[0181] In a specific embodiment, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” means approved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government or listed in the U.S. Pharmacopeia or other generally recognized pharmacopeia for use in animals, and more particularly in humans. Further, a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” will generally be a non-toxic solid, semisolid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating material or formulation auxiliary of any type.
[0182] The term “carrier” refers to a diluent, adjuvant, excipient, or vehicle with which the therapeutic is administered. Such pharmaceutical carriers can be sterile liquids, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Water is a preferred carrier when the pharmaceutical composition is administered intravenously. Saline solutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also be employed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions. Suitable pharmaceutical excipients include starch, glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silica gel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride, dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol and the like. The composition, if desired, can also contain minor amounts of wetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents such as acetates, citrates or phosphates. Antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose are also envisioned. These compositions can take the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, sustained-release formulations and the like. The composition can be formulated as a suppository, with traditional binders and carriers such as triglycerides. Oral formulation can include standard carriers such as pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharine, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, etc. Examples of suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences by E.W. Martin, incorporated herein by reference. Such compositions will contain a therapeutically effective amount of the antigen-binding polypeptide, preferably in purified form, together with a suitable amount of carrier so as to provide the form for proper administration to the patient. The formulation should suit the mode of administration. The parental preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.
[0183] In an embodiment, the composition is formulated in accordance with routine procedures as a pharmaceutical composition adapted for intravenous administration to human beings. Typically, compositions for intravenous administration are solutions in sterile isotonic aqueous buffer. Where necessary, the composition may also include a solubilizing agent and a local anesthetic such as lignocaine to ease pain at the site of the injection. Generally, the ingredients are supplied either separately or mixed together in unit dosage form, for example, as a dry lyophilized powder or water free concentrate in a hermetically sealed container such as an ampoule or sachet indicating the quantity of active agent. Where the composition is to be administered by infusion, it can be dispensed with an infusion bottle containing sterile pharmaceutical grade water or saline. Where the composition is administered by injection, an ampoule of sterile water for injection or saline can be provided so that the ingredients may be mixed prior to administration.
[0184] The compounds of the disclosure can be formulated as neutral or salt forms. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include those formed with anions such as those derived from hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic, oxalic, tartaric acids, etc., and those formed with cations such as those derived from sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, ferric hydroxides, isopropylamine, triethylamine, 2-ethylamino ethanol, histidine, procaine, etc.
[0185] EXAMPLES
[0186] Example 1. Generation of mouse monoclonal antibodies against human ROR-1
[0187] This example shows generation of anti-human-ROR1 mouse monoclonal antibodies using the hybridoma technology.
[0188] Immunization
[0189] Recombinant human ROR1 extracellular domain (ECD) proteins (amino acid residues 30-406 of UniProt number Q01973) were used as the immunogen to raise anti-human ROR1 antibodies. Mice were immunized with immunogen and immune response was monitored. Plasma was screened by ELISA binding assay. The mice with high titers of anti-ROR1 immunoglobulin were selected for fusion and further screening.
[0190] Fusion and Hybridoma screening
[0191] The mouse splenocytes, isolated from the mice, were fused with a mouse myeloma cell line based upon standard protocols. Single cell suspensions of splenic lymphocytes from immunized mice were fused to one-third the number of SP2 / 0 non secreting mouse myeloma cells with electrofusion machine. Individual wells of hybridoma were then screened by ELISA for mouse anti-ROR1 monoclonal IgG antibodies. The stable sub clones were then cultured in vitro to generate small amount of antibody in tissue culture medium for further characterization with various functional assays.
[0192] Clones showing strong binding ability to ROR1 protein and ROR1 expressed cells were selected for sub cloning. After the screenings, 6 clones (3C5, 8F2, 9C9, 12B1, 10C9 and 2C2) were selected. Sequences of these clones are list in Table 2. Chimeric antibodies fused to human Kappa light chain constant region and IgG1 Fc of these hybridoma were generated for further characterization.
[0193] Table 2. Antibody sequences selected from screening
[0194] Example 2. Binding properties of anti-ROR1 mouse monoclonal antibodies
[0195] Soluble protein binding
[0196] This example tested the binding properties of the mouse anti-ROR1 antibodies to the soluble ROR1 ECD proteins via ELISA. In the ECD region Gln 30-Glu 406, the amino acid sequence of human, cynomolgus and rhesus macaque ROR1 are homologus. On the first day, recombinant proteins (Hu / Cyno / Rhes ROR1 ECD, mouse ROR1 ECD, and human ROR2 ECD, 500 μg / mL) was respectively diluted to 1 μg / mL in coating buffer (DPBS) . The dilutions were added into the 96-well high binding assay plate at 100 μL per well and incubated at 4 ℃ overnight. The next day, the plates were washed with washing buffer for 3 times and blocked with 100 μL of blocking buffer (1%BSA in DPBS) for 1 hour at room temperature. After incubation, the plates were washed again with washing buffer for 3 times and the antibody solutions and human control IgG solutions were diluted in blocking buffer (1%BSA in DPBS) according to the layout table. 100 μL of diluted antibodies was added into each well for 1 hour at room temperature. After incubation, the wells were washed again with washing buffer for 3 times; HRP-conjugated goat anti-human IgG Fc was diluted in blocking buffer (1%BSA in DPBS) at 1: 10,000 or 1: 5000; The samples was incubated with 100 μL of diluted HRP-conjugated goat anti-human IgG Fc for 1 hour. The plates were washed again with washing buffer for 3 times. 100 μL of TMB was added into each well and incubate for 5 min for color development. The reaction was stopped by addition of 100 μL of stop solution. The absorbance at 450 nm was measured by EnVision.
[0197] As shown in FIG. 1, all the anti-ROR1 antibodies bind to Hu / Cyno / Rhes ROR1 ECD protein (FIG. 1A) . Among them, 8F2, 12B1 and 10C9 bind to mouse ROR1 ECD protein (FIG. 1B) . None of them bind to human ROR2 ECD protein (FIG. 1C) . VsMab is a benchmark anti-ROR1 antibody (zilovertamab analogue) .
[0198] Cell-based binding
[0199] Jeko-1, MDA-MB-231 and A549 cells were harvested by centrifugation the 96 well-U table (loaded cell suspension) at 1000rpm for 5 minutes. 100μl of the anti-ROR1 mAbs were added respectively, (IgG isotype and FACS buffer are for control) into 96 well-U plate to suspend cells and incubate the mixture at 4℃ for 15-20 minutes in the dark. Wash twice with at least 200 μl FACS Buffer and centrifuge the cells at 1000rpm for 5 minutes. Resuspended the cell pellet with 100μl of secondary antibody and incubated the mixture on 4℃ for 15-20 minutes in the dark. Wash twice with at least 200 μl FACS Buffer and centrifuge the cells at 1000rpm for 5 minutes. Resuspended the cell pellet in 120μl FACS buffer and performed flow cytometric analysis (FACS) , and set gain parameter of PE channel to 50. VsMab (zilovertamab analogue) and C2E3 (CS5001 mAb analogue) are bench mark anti-ROR1 antibodies.
[0200] Based on FACS binding affinity (FIG. 2A-C) and a ROR1 dependent 4-1BB activation assay (data not shown) of ROR1×4-1BB BsAb, 3C5 and 8F2 were selected to move forward.
[0201] Example 3. Anti-ROR1 mAb humanization and affinity maturation
[0202] Humanization
[0203] 3C5
[0204] The mouse antibody 3C5 variable region genes were employed to create a humanized MAb. In the first step of this process, the amino acid sequences of the VH and VK of 3C5 were compared against the available database of human Ig gene sequences to identify the overall best-matching human germline Ig gene sequences.
[0205] Humanized variable domain sequences were then designed where the CDR1: GFTFSSYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , CDR2: SISSGGTTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 2) , CDR3: DSLYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) sequences of the 3C5 VH were grafted onto framework sequences of the human gene and the CDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , CDR2: RANRLVDG (SEQ ID NO: 5) , and CDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) of the 3C5 light chain were grafted onto framework sequences of the human gene.
[0206] Table 3. 3C5 sequences and CDRs
[0207] As shown in Table 3, during the process, the 3C5 VH2 has a S to A mutation in the CDR3 (VH2. SA) , and VL2 has a G to A mutation in the CDR2 (VL2. GA) . The humanized sequences are listed in Table 4: 3C5-VH1, 3C5-VH2, 3C5-VH3, 3C5-VH2. SA, 3C5-VL1, 3C5-VL2, 3C5-VL3, and 3C5-VL2. GA.
[0208] Table 4. Humanized sequences
[0209] All the 10 humanized 3C5 IgGs were tested in affinity binding assay with soluble human ROR1 protein via ELISA (FIG. 3A) and with A549 cells via FACS (FIG. 3B) . Based on binding affinity (FIG. 3A-B) and ROR1 dependent 4-1BB activation of ROR1×4-1BB BsAb (data not shown) , 3C5 VH2. SA+VL2. GA was selected to move forward.
[0210] 8F2
[0211] The mouse antibody 8F2 variable region genes were employed to create a humanized MAb. In the first step of this process, the amino acid sequences of the VH and VK of 8F2 were compared against the available database of human Ig gene sequences to identify the overall best-matching human germline Ig gene sequences.
[0212] Humanized variable domain sequences were then designed where the CDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , CDR2: YINPYNGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , CDR3: RERGVYYGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 9) sequences of the 8F2 VH were grafted onto framework sequences of the human gene and the CDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , CDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and CDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) of the 8F2 light chain were grafted onto framework sequences of the human gene.
[0213] Table 5. 8F2 sequences and CDRs
[0214] The humanized sequences are listed in Table 6: 8F2-VH1, 8F2-VH2, 8F2-VH3, 8F2-VL1, 8F2-VL2, and 8F2-VL3.
[0215] Table 6. Humanized sequences
[0216] All the 9 humanized 8F2 IgGs were tested in affinity binding assay with soluble human ROR1 ECD protein via ELISA (FIG. 4A) and with A549 cells via FACS (FIG. 4B) . Based on binding affinity (FIG. 4A-B) and ROR1 dependent 4-1BB activation of ROR1×4-1BB BsAb (data not shown) , 8F2 VH1+VL1 was selected to move forward.
[0217] SPR analysis against human ROR1 protein
[0218] Binding affinity of parental 3C5 and 8F2 (FIG. 5A-B) , and humanized 3C5 VH2. SA+VL2. GA and 8F2 VH1+VL1 (FIG. 5C-D) towards human ROR1 was measured by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) .
[0219] Affinity maturation of humanized 3C5 and 8F2
[0220] To optimize the Koff of humanized 3C5 and 8F2, this example initiated an affinity maturation procedure. Briefly, paratope mapping by using alanine scanning in the CDR region was performed to identify the key residues that affect antibodies binding to ROR1 or production. Then the CDR amino acids surrounding the key residues were selected to construct NNK library and screened by affinity ranking to identify mutations that improve the off-rate for human ROR1 but do not affect the expression level of the antibody. Mutated Amino acids that could improve Koff binding of humanized 3C5 and 8F2 are listed in Table 7. A combinational library that incorporated all the mutant form of these amino acids was constructed and screened. Sequences of lead clones that have lower off-rate for human ROR1 are listed in Table 8. Among them, the sequences of 8F2-87DS are derived from the sequences of 8F2-87, with the potential deamidation amino acids in the CDRs removed. Antibodies of these sequences were generated and affinity ranking was performed by SPR analysis. The results are listed in Table 9 and FIG. 6.
[0221] Table 7. Mutations in humanized 3C5 and 8F2 useful for improving binding
[0222] Table 8-1. Lead clones of 3C5
[0223] Table 8-2. Lead clones of 8F2
[0224] Table 9-1. Binding results for 3C5
[0225] Table 9-2. Binding results for 8F2
[0226] * * *
[0227] The present disclosure is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described which are intended as single illustrations of individual aspects of the disclosure, and any compositions or methods which are functionally equivalent are within the scope of this disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the methods and compositions of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, it is intended that the present disclosure cover the modifications and variations of this disclosure provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
[0228] All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.
Claims
1.An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof having specificity to a human Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) protein, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, respectively, comprise the sequences selected from the group consisting of:(a) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , or RYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 36) ,HCDR2: SISSGGTTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 2) or SISSGGNTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 38) or SISSGGTRYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 39) ,HCDR3: DSLYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , DALYYGGSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 40) or DALYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 85) ,LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) ,LCDR2: RANRLVDG (SEQ ID NO: 5) , RENRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 41) or RANRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 86) , andLCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) ; and(b) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) or NYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 87) ,HCDR2: YINPYNGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , YINPYNGVIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 43) or YINPYSGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 88) ,HCDR3: RERGVYYGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 9) , RERGVYYGMSE (SEQ ID NO: 44) , RERGVYYGMDF (SEQ ID NO: 45) or RERGVTAGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 89) ,LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , KSSQSLLHSNGKVYLN (SEQ ID NO: 46) or KSSQSLLHSNDKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 90) ,LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) or LVSKLSSG (SEQ ID NO: 47) , andLCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) or YQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 48) .2.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, respectively, comprise the sequences of:(a) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , HCDR2: SISSGGTTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 2) , HCDR3: DSLYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 3) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RANRLVDG (SEQ ID NO: 5) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) ,(b) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , HCDR2: SISSGGTTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 2) , HCDR3: DALYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 85) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RANRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 86) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) ,(c) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , HCDR2: SISSGGTTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 2) , HCDR3: DALYYGGSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 40) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RANRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 86) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) ,(d) HCDR1: RYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 36) , HCDR2: SISSGGNTYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 38) , HCDR3: DALYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 85) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RENRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 41) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) , or(e) HCDR1: SYAMS (SEQ ID NO: 1) , HCDR2: SISSGGTRYYPDTVKGR (SEQ ID NO: 39) , HCDR3: DALYYGSSLYYAMDY (SEQ ID NO: 85) , LCDR1: RASQDIYSYLS (SEQ ID NO: 4) , LCDR2: RENRLVDA (SEQ ID NO: 41) , and LCDR3: LQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 6) .3.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 2, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 49, 61-64, 75-76, and 78, or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 49, 61-64, 75-76, and 78.4.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 2 or 3, wherein the light chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 50, 65-68, and 77 or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 50, 65-68, and 77.5.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 2-4, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 49, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50.6.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 2-4, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 64, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68.7.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 2-4, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 75, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 68.8.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 2-4, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 76, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77.9.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 2-4, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 78, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 77.10.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 1, wherein the HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3, respectively, comprise the sequences of(a) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYNGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , HCDR3: RERGVYYGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 9) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) ;(b) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYNGVIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 43) , HCDR3: RERGVYYGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 9) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLSSG (SEQ ID NO: 47) , and LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) ;(c) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYNGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , HCDR3: RERGVYYGMSE (SEQ ID NO: 44) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: YQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 48) ;(d) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYNGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 8) , RERGVYYGMDF (SEQ ID NO: 45) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKVYLN (SEQ ID NO: 46) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: YQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 48) ;(e) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYSGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 88) , HCDR3: RERGVTAGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 89) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) ;(f) HCDR1: NYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 87) , HCDR2: YINPYSGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 88) , HCDR3: RERGVYYGMDE (SEQ ID NO: 9) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNGKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 10) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: LQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 12) ; or(g) HCDR1: TYVMH (SEQ ID NO: 7) , HCDR2: YINPYSGGIRYNEKFKG (SEQ ID NO: 88) , RERGVYYGMSE (SEQ ID NO: 44) , LCDR1: KSSQSLLHSNDKTYLN (SEQ ID NO: 90) , LCDR2: LVSKLESG (SEQ ID NO: 11) , and LCDR3: YQATYFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 48) .11.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 10, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 51, 69-71, 79, 81, 83 and 91-93, or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 51, 69-71, 79, 81, 83 and 91-93.12.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 10 or 11, wherein the light chain variable region comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 52, 72-74, 80, 82, 84 and 94, or a peptide having at least 90%sequence identity to an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 52, 72-74, 80, 82, 84 and 94.13.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 50, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 51.14.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 69, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72.15.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 79, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 80.16.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 81, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 82.17.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 83, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 84.18.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 91, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72.19.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 92, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 72.20.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 10-12, wherein the heavy chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93, and the light chain variable region comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 94.21.An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof having specificity to a human ROR1 protein, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof comprises a heavy chain variable region comprising heavy chain complementarity determining regions HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, and a light chain variable region comprising light chain complementarity determining regions LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3,wherein:the set of HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3 is selected from Table 1, or CDR sets derived from Table 1, Table 3 or Table 5 with one, two, or three amino acid addition, deletion and / or substitution in one or more of the CDRs, andthe set of LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3 are selected from Table 1 or CDR sets derived from Table 1, Table 3 or Table 5 with one, two, or three amino acid addition, deletion and / or substitution in one or more of the CDRs.22.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the antibody is a chimeric antibody or a humanized antibody.23.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-22, further comprising a heavy chain constant region, a light chain constant region, an Fc region, or the combination thereof.24.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 23, wherein the light chain constant region is a kappa or lambda chain constant region.25.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-24, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof is of an isotype of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE or IgD.26.The antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of claim 25, wherein the isotype is IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4.27.An antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof having specificity to a human ROR1 protein, wherein the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof compete with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-26.28.A bifunctional molecule, comprising a first antigen-binding portion having specificity to a human ROR1 protein and a second portion having specificity to a second protein, wherein the first antigen-binding portion comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-27.29.A composition comprising the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-27 or the bifunctional molecule of claim 28, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.30.An isolated cell comprising one or more polynucleotide encoding the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-27 or the bifunctional molecule of claim 28.31.A polynucleotide encoding one or more chains of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-27 or the bifunctional molecule of claim 28.32.A method of treating a cancer in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to the patient the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-27 or the bifunctional molecule of claim 28.33.The method of claim 32, wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancer.34.The method of any one of claims 32-33, further comprising administering to the patient a therapy for treating said cancer.35.The method of claim 34, wherein said therapy is selected from the group consisting of immunotherapy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy.36.A method of detecting expression of ROR1 in a sample, comprising contacting the sample with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof of any one of claims 1-27 or the bifunctional molecule of claim 28 under conditions for the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof to bind to the ROR1, and detecting the binding which indicates expression of ROR1 in the sample.