Display apparatus and electronic device

Abstract

Provided is a display apparatus in which deterioration of luminance viewing angle characteristics can be suppressed even when a condensing element is shifted with respect to the center of a light emission region of a light-emitting element.　This display apparatus comprises a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in a display region, a plurality of condensing elements for condensing light emitted from each of the plurality of light-emitting elements, and a light-transmitting layer adjacent to light-condensing surfaces of the plurality of light-condensing elements. The display region has a first region and a second region located outside the first region. The centers of the condensing elements included in the second region are shifted toward the outer periphery of the display region with respect to the centers of the light emission region of the light emitting elements in a plan view, and the refractive index of the light transmitting layer in the second region is higher than the refractive index of the light transmitting layer in the first region.

Description

Display devices and electronic devices

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a display device and an electronic device including the same.

[0002] In recent years, there has been a demand for higher brightness and efficiency in display devices, and the introduction of light-collecting elements such as micro lenses (MLs) has been progressing. In such display devices, there is also a demand for a wider field of view (FOV), and a technology for controlling the chief ray angle (CRA) by shifting the center of the light-collecting element relative to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element has been studied (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2020-184478

[0004] However, if the light-collecting element is shifted with respect to the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element, the brightness viewing angle characteristics will be reduced.

[0005] The object of the present disclosure is to provide a display device and an electronic device equipped with the same that can suppress a decrease in brightness viewing angle characteristics even when a focusing element is shifted based on the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element.

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the display device according to the present disclosure comprises: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in a display area; a plurality of focusing elements that focus light emitted from each of the plurality of light-emitting elements; and a light-transmitting layer adjacent to the focusing surfaces of the plurality of focusing elements, wherein the display area has a first area and a second area located outside the first area, the centers of the focusing elements included in the second area are shifted toward the outer periphery of the display area with respect to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting element in a planar view, and the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second area is higher than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the first area.

[0007] FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to Comparative Example 1. FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to Comparative Example 2. FIG. 2A is a graph showing luminance-viewing angle characteristics of a central region of a display device according to Comparative Example 2. FIG. 2B is a graph showing luminance-viewing angle characteristics of a peripheral region of a display device according to Comparative Example 2. FIG. 3 is a plan view of a display device according to an embodiment. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the CRA of a display device according to an embodiment. FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of a central region of a display device according to an embodiment. FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of a peripheral region of a display device according to an embodiment. FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of an OLED layer including a single light-emitting unit. FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of an OLED layer including two light-emitting units. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a light-transmitting layer. FIG. 8 is a graph showing an example of luminance-viewing angle characteristics of a peripheral region of a display device according to an embodiment. FIGS. 9A and 9B are cross-sectional views of light-transmitting layers according to a modified example. FIGS. 10A and 10B are cross-sectional views of light-transmitting layers according to a modified example. FIGS. 11A and 11B are cross-sectional views of light-transmitting layers according to a modified example. FIG. 12 is a plan view of a display device according to a modified example. FIG. 13 is a plan view of a display device according to a modified example. FIG. 14 is a plan view of a display device according to a modified example. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a light transmission layer of the display device shown in FIG. 14. FIG. 16 is a plan view of a display device according to a modified example. FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional view of a central region of a display device according to a modified example. FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional view of a peripheral region of a display device according to a modified example. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a display device according to Comparative Example 3. FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a first example of a leak suppression structure. FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a second example of a leak suppression structure. FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a third example of a leak suppression structure. FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth example of a leak suppression structure. FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth example of a leak suppression structure. FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of a sixth example of a leak suppression structure. FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a seventh example of a leak suppression structure. FIG. 26 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the groove shown in FIG. 25. FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of an eighth example of a leak suppression structure. FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a ninth example of a leak suppression structure. Fig. 29 is a plan view for explaining the arrangement of the first electrode and the third electrode. Fig. 30A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a first example of the resonator structure. Fig. 30B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a second example of the resonator structure.FIG. 31A is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a third example of a resonator structure. FIG. 31B is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a fourth example of a resonator structure. FIG. 32A is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a fifth example of a resonator structure. FIG. 32B is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a sixth example of a resonator structure. FIG. 33 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a seventh example of a resonator structure. FIG. 34A is a front view of a digital still camera. FIG. 34B is a rear view of a digital still camera. FIG. 35 is a perspective view of a head-mounted display. FIG. 36 is a perspective view of a television device. FIG. 37 is a perspective view of a see-through head-mounted display. FIG. 38 is a perspective view of a smartphone. FIG. 39A is a view showing the interior of a vehicle from the rear to the front of the vehicle. FIG. 39B is a view showing the interior of a vehicle from diagonally rear to diagonally front of the vehicle.

[0008] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in the following order: 1. General Description of the Display Device According to the Present Disclosure 2. Background to the Creation of the Embodiments of the Present Disclosure 3. One Embodiment (Example of a Display Device) 4. Modifications 5. Example of an Inter-Pixel Structure for Countering Inter-Pixel Leakage 6. Example of a Resonator Structure 7. Application Example (Example of an Electronic Device) The embodiments described below are preferred specific examples of the present disclosure, and the contents of the present disclosure are not limited to these embodiments. Note that in the following description, components having substantially the same functional configurations are given the same reference numerals, and duplicated descriptions will be omitted as appropriate. Furthermore, to prevent the illustrations from becoming too complicated, reference numerals may be given to only some of the configurations, or the illustrations may be simplified, enlarged, or reduced in size.

[0009] <1 General Description of the Display Device According to the Present Disclosure> In the present disclosure, the first region and the second region may be adjacent to each other, or may be spaced apart. The first region is, for example, a central region located in the center of the display region. The second region is, for example, a peripheral region located on the periphery of the display region.

[0010] In the present disclosure, the outer periphery of the first region and the inner periphery of the second region may have a substantially circular, substantially polygonal, or oval shape in a planar view. The term "substantially polygonal" does not necessarily mean a polygonal shape in the strict geometric sense, but includes shapes that are visually perceived as being close to a polygon. For example, the term "substantially polygonal" includes shapes with rounded corners and shapes with notched corners. The substantially polygonal shape may be a substantially rectangular shape. Here, the term "substantially rectangular" also includes a substantially square shape. The term "oval" includes shapes such as an oval, an ellipse, and an egg.

[0011] In the present disclosure, the display region may further include at least one third region between the first region and the second region. The centers of the light-collecting elements included in the third region are preferably offset toward the periphery of the display region relative to the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element in a planar view. The amount of offset between the centers of the light-collecting elements in the third region and the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element is preferably smaller than the amount of offset between the centers of the light-collecting elements in the second region and the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element. From the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in luminance-viewing angle characteristics, the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the third region is preferably higher than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the first region and lower than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second region.

[0012] In the present disclosure, the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the first region and the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second region may vary continuously or discontinuously in the in-plane direction of the display device at the boundary between the two regions. When the display region has a third region, the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the first region and the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the third region may vary continuously or discontinuously in the in-plane direction of the display device at the boundary between the two regions. Furthermore, the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second region and the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the third region may vary continuously or discontinuously in the in-plane direction of the display device at the boundary between the two regions.

[0013] In the present disclosure, a light-transmitting layer may be provided on the plurality of light-collecting elements and cover the light-collecting surfaces of the plurality of light-collecting elements. In this case, the light-collecting surfaces of the light-collecting elements may have a convex shape on the side opposite to the light-emitting element side. In the present disclosure, a light-transmitting layer may be provided below the plurality of light-collecting elements and the light-collecting surfaces of the plurality of light-collecting elements may be buried in the light-transmitting layer. In this case, the light-collecting surfaces of the light-collecting elements may have a convex shape on the light-emitting element side.

[0014] In the present disclosure, the light-transmitting layer may be a protective layer such as a hard coat layer that protects the surface of the display device, or may be a filled resin layer provided between the substrate and the plurality of lenses.

[0015] In the present disclosure, the display device may further include a color filter provided above the plurality of light-emitting elements. In this case, the color filter and the plurality of light-collecting elements may be provided in this order from the light-emitting element side toward the display surface, or the plurality of light-collecting elements and the color filter may be provided in this order from the light-emitting element side toward the display surface.

[0016] In the present disclosure, "on object A" in expressions such as "object B is provided on object A" indicates the relative positional relationship between object A and object B, and includes not only a state in which object B is located directly on object A without any other objects in between, but also a state in which object B is located on object A with at least one other object in between.

[0017] The display device according to the present disclosure may be included in an electronic device. For example, the display device according to the present disclosure may be included in an eyewear device such as a virtual reality (VR) device, a mixed reality (MR) device, or an augmented reality (AR) device, or may be included in an electronic viewfinder (EVF), a small projector, or the like.

[0018] 2. Background to the Creation of the Embodiments of the Present Disclosure In order to improve the light-collecting ability of lenses (light-collecting elements) 170, it is desirable to cover the lenses 170 with a light-transmitting layer 18 having a lower refractive index than the lenses 170, as shown in FIG. 1A . In order to widen the FOV of a display device 101A having such a configuration, the inventors have considered shifting the centers of the lenses 170 included in the peripheral region of the display region toward the outer periphery of the display region with respect to the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 12 in a planar view, as shown in FIG. 1B . However, shifting the centers of the lenses 170 in this manner increases the angle of incidence of light from the light-emitting element 12 with respect to the light-collecting surface (convex curved surface) of the lenses 170, thereby increasing the total reflection component at the interface between the lenses 170 and the light-transmitting layer 18 and degrading the luminance viewing angle characteristics.

[0019] 2A shows the luminance viewing angle characteristics of the central region of display device 101A (the region where the center of lens 170 is not shifted with respect to the center of the light-emitting region of light-emitting element 12). FIG. 2B shows the luminance viewing angle characteristics of the peripheral region of display device 101A (the region where the center of lens 170 is shifted with respect to the center of the light-emitting region of light-emitting element 12). The luminance on the vertical axis in FIGS. 2A and 2B is normalized by the luminance at 0° in the center of the display region. FIG. 2B shows that the luminance viewing angle deteriorates on the side opposite to the direction in which CRA is tilted (toward the center of display region RE1).

[0020] Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have conducted extensive research to suppress the deterioration of the luminance viewing angle characteristics due to the total reflection component. As a result, the refractive index n ２２ is the refractive index n of the light-transmitting layer covering the lens included in the central region of the display area. ２１ We have come up with a configuration that sets the value higher than

[0021] 3 is a plan view of a display device 101 according to an embodiment. The display device 101 has a display region RE1 and a peripheral region RE2 provided around the display region RE1. The display region RE1 of the display device 101 has a central region (first region) RE11 and a peripheral region (second region) RE12.

[0022] The central region RE11 is provided in the center of the display region RE1. The central region RE11 has, for example, a substantially circular shape. The peripheral region RE12 is provided outside the central region RE11, specifically, on the periphery of the display region RE1. In one embodiment, the peripheral region RE12 is adjacent to the central region RE11.

[0023] The display device 101 is an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display device. In this specification, a first direction and a second direction that are orthogonal to each other within the display surface of the display device 101 are referred to as the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, respectively, and a third direction that is perpendicular to the display surface of the display device 101 is referred to as the Z-axis direction. In one embodiment, an example will be described in which the X-axis direction is the horizontal direction of the display surface and the Y-axis direction is the vertical direction of the display surface.

[0024] 4 is a schematic diagram showing the CRA of the display device 101. In one embodiment, an example will be described in which the CRA of the central region RE11 is set to 0° and the CRA of the peripheral region RE12 is set to a predetermined angle θ. By tilting the CRA outward at the peripheral portion of the display device 101, it is possible to make the display device 101 have a wide FOV.

[0025] FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of the central region RE11 of the display device 101. FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the peripheral region RE12 of the display device 101. A plurality of subpixels 10R, a plurality of subpixels 10G, and a plurality of subpixels 10B are provided in the display region RE1. In the following description, when the subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are collectively referred to without any particular distinction, the subpixels 10R, 10G, and 10B may be simply referred to as subpixels 10. The plurality of subpixels 10 are two-dimensionally arranged in a specified array pattern. Examples of the specified array pattern include, but are not limited to, a delta array, a square array, and a stripe array. A pad unit 113 and a driver (not shown) for displaying images are provided in the peripheral region RE2. A flexible printed circuit (FPC) 114 serving as a connecting member may be connected to the pad unit 113.

[0026] The sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B can emit light of different colors. The sub-pixel 10R can emit red light. The sub-pixel 10G can emit green light. The sub-pixel 10B can emit blue light. One pixel may be composed of three adjacent sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B. However, the configuration of one pixel is not limited to this example.

[0027] [Layer structure of display device 101] As shown in Figures 5A and 5B, the display device 101 includes a drive substrate 11, a plurality of light-emitting elements 12, an insulating layer 13, a protective layer 14, a planarization layer 15, a color filter 16, a lens array 17, and a light-transmitting layer 18.

[0028] In this specification, of the two surfaces of each layer constituting display device 101, the surface facing the display surface (top side) of display device 101 may be referred to as the first surface (upper surface), and the surface facing the opposite side (bottom side) of display device 101 from the display surface may be referred to as the second surface (lower surface). In this specification, a planar view refers to a planar view when an object is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the first surface. In this specification, the peripheral portion of the first surface refers to an area having a predetermined width extending inward from the peripheral edge of the first surface.

[0029] (Drive Substrate 11) The drive substrate 11 is a so-called backplane, and is capable of driving a plurality of light-emitting elements 12. The drive substrate 11 includes, for example, a substrate 111 and an insulating layer 112 in this order.

[0030] A plurality of drive circuits (not shown) and a plurality of wirings (not shown) are provided on the first surface side of the substrate 111. The substrate 111 may be, for example, a semiconductor substrate on which transistors and the like can be easily formed, or a glass substrate or resin substrate with low moisture and oxygen permeability. The semiconductor substrate includes, for example, amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, or single crystal silicon. The glass substrate includes, for example, high strain point glass, soda glass, borosilicate glass, forsterite, lead glass, or quartz glass. The resin substrate includes, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl phenol, polyether sulfone, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate.

[0031] The insulating layer 112 is provided on the first surface of the substrate 111 and covers the plurality of drive circuits, the plurality of wirings, and the like. The plurality of wirings may be connected to the pad portion 113. The insulating layer 112 includes a plurality of contact portions (not shown) therein. The plurality of contact portions electrically connect the light-emitting element 12 to the drive circuits or the wirings. The contact portions include at least one metal selected from the group consisting of, for example, copper (Cu) and titanium (Ti).

[0032] The insulating layer 112 may be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate thereof. The organic insulating layer contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of, for example, polyimide resin, acrylic resin, and novolac resin. The inorganic insulating layer contains, for example, silicon oxide (SiO ｘ ), silicon nitride (SiN ｘ ) and silicon oxynitride (SiO ｘ N ｙ ) and the like.

[0033] (Light-emitting element 12) The light-emitting element 12 can emit white light under the control of a drive circuit, etc. In one embodiment, the light-emitting element 12 is an organic light-emitting diode element (OLED element). The light-emitting element 12 is included in each of the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B of each color.

[0034] The plurality of light-emitting elements 12 are two-dimensionally arranged in a specified arrangement pattern on the first surface of the drive substrate 11. The specified arrangement pattern is as described above as the specified arrangement pattern of the plurality of sub-pixels 10. The light-emitting element 12 includes a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122, and a second electrode 123, which are arranged in this order on the first surface of the drive substrate 11.

[0035] (First electrode 121) The first electrode 121 is provided on the second surface side of the OLED layer 122. The first electrode 121 is an individual electrode provided individually for each of the plurality of light-emitting elements 12. That is, the first electrode 121 is divided between adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the drive substrate 11. The first electrode 121 is an anode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123, holes are injected from the first electrode 121 into the OLED layer 122.

[0036] The first electrode 121 may be composed of, for example, a metal layer, or may be composed of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. When the first electrode 121 is composed of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer, it is preferable that the transparent conductive oxide layer be provided on the OLED layer 122 side, from the viewpoint of having a layer having a high work function adjacent to the OLED layer 122.

[0037] The metal layer may function as a reflective layer that reflects light emitted by the OLED layer 122. The metal layer may contain at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of chromium (Cr), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), tungsten (W), and silver (Ag). The metal layer may contain at least one metal element as a constituent element of an alloy. Specific examples of the alloy include an aluminum alloy and a silver alloy. Specific examples of the aluminum alloy include AlNd and AlCu.

[0038] An underlayer (not shown) may be provided adjacent to the second surface side of the metal layer. The underlayer may be capable of improving the crystal orientation of the metal layer during deposition. The underlayer may contain, for example, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti) and tantalum (Ta). The underlayer may contain the at least one metal element as a constituent element of an alloy.

[0039] The transparent conductive oxide layer contains a transparent conductive oxide, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of transparent conductive oxides containing indium (hereinafter referred to as "indium-based transparent conductive oxides"), transparent conductive oxides containing tin (hereinafter referred to as "tin-based transparent conductive oxides"), and transparent conductive oxides containing zinc (hereinafter referred to as "zinc-based transparent conductive oxides").

[0040] Examples of indium-based transparent conductive oxides include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium gallium oxide (IGO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), and fluorine-doped indium oxide (IFO). Among these transparent conductive oxides, indium tin oxide (ITO) is particularly preferred. This is because indium tin oxide (ITO) has a particularly low work function barrier for hole injection into the OLED layer 122, allowing the driving voltage of the display device 101 to be particularly low. Examples of tin-based transparent conductive oxides include tin oxide, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), and fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO). Examples of zinc-based transparent conductive oxides include zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), boron-doped zinc oxide, and gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO).

[0041] (OLED Layer 122) The OLED layer 122 can emit white light. The OLED layer 122 is provided between a plurality of first electrodes 121 and one second electrode 123. The OLED layer 122 connects adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the drive substrate 11, and is a layer common to the plurality of light-emitting elements 12.

[0042] The OLED layer 122 may be configured as a laminate including an organic light-emitting layer, in which case some layers of the laminate (e.g., an electron injection layer) may be inorganic. The OLED layer 122 may be an OLED layer having a single light-emitting unit U as shown in FIG. 6A , an OLED layer having two light-emitting units U1 and U2 (tandem structure) as shown in FIG. 6B , or an OLED layer having a structure other than these. The OLED layer 122 having a single light-emitting unit U has a configuration in which, for example, a hole injection layer 1221, a hole transport layer 1222, a red light-emitting layer 1220R, an emission separation layer 1223, a blue light-emitting layer 1220B, a green light-emitting layer 1220G, an electron transport layer 1224, and an electron injection layer 1225 are stacked in this order from the first electrode 121 to the second electrode 123. The OLED layer having two light-emitting units U1 and U2 has a configuration in which, for example, a hole injection layer 1221, a hole transport layer 1222, a blue light-emitting layer 1220B, an electron transport layer 1226, a charge generation layer 1227, a hole transport layer 1228, a yellow light-emitting layer 1220Y, an electron transport layer 1224, and an electron injection layer 1225 are laminated in this order from the first electrode 121 to the second electrode 123.

[0043] The hole injection layer 1221 can increase the efficiency of hole injection into the light-emitting layers 1220R, 1220G, and 1220B and suppress leakage. The hole transport layers 1222 and 1228 can increase the efficiency of hole transport into the light-emitting layers 1220R, 1220B, and 1220Y. The electron injection layer 1225 can increase the efficiency of electron injection into the light-emitting layers 1220G and 1220Y. The electron transport layers 1224 and 1226 can increase the efficiency of electron transport into the light-emitting layers 1220G, 1220B, and 1220Y. The emission separation layer 1223 is a layer for adjusting the injection of carriers into the light-emitting layers 1220R, 1220G, and 1220B. The balance of light emission of each color is adjusted by injecting electrons and holes into the light-emitting layers 1220R, 1220G, and 1220B via the emission separation layer 1223. The charge generation layer 1227 can supply electrons and holes to the two light emitting layers 1220B and 1220Y that are provided so as to sandwich the charge generation layer 1227, respectively.

[0044] When an electric field is applied to the red light-emitting layer 1220R, the green light-emitting layer 1220G, the blue light-emitting layer 1220B, and the yellow light-emitting layer 1220Y, recombination occurs between holes injected from the first electrode 121 or the charge generation layer 1227 and electrons injected from the second electrode 123 or the charge generation layer 1227, and the red light, green light, blue light, and yellow light can be emitted.

[0045] (Second electrode 123) The second electrode 123 is provided on the first surface side of the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is connected between adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the drive substrate 11, and is an electrode common to the plurality of light-emitting elements 12.

[0046] The second electrode 123 is a cathode. When a voltage is applied between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123, electrons are injected from the second electrode 123 into the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is translucent to the white light emitted from the OLED layer 122. The second electrode 123 is preferably a transparent electrode that is transparent to visible light. In this specification, visible light refers to light in a wavelength range of 360 nm or more and 780 nm or less.

[0047] In order to improve luminous efficiency, it is preferable that the second electrode 123 be made of a material that is as transparent as possible and has a small work function. The second electrode 123 is made of, for example, at least one layer of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. More specifically, the second electrode 123 is made of a single layer film of a metal layer or a transparent conductive oxide layer, or a laminate film of a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer. When the second electrode 123 is made of a laminate film, the metal layer may be provided on the OLED layer 122 side, or the transparent conductive oxide layer may be provided on the OLED layer 122 side. However, from the viewpoint of having a layer with a low work function adjacent to the OLED layer 122, it is preferable that the metal layer be provided on the OLED layer 122 side.

[0048] The metal layer contains, for example, at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na). The metal layer may contain the at least one metal element as a constituent element of an alloy. Specific examples of the alloy include an MgAg alloy, an MgAl alloy, and an AlLi alloy. The transparent conductive oxide layer contains a transparent conductive oxide. Examples of the transparent conductive oxide include the same materials as the transparent conductive oxide of the first electrode 121 described above.

[0049] (Insulating Layer 13) The insulating layer 13 is provided on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 in a portion between the separated first electrodes 121. The insulating layer 13 is an insulating layer for element isolation and can insulate the first electrodes 121 adjacent in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the drive substrate 11. The insulating layer 13 has a plurality of openings 13a. The plurality of openings 13a are provided corresponding to the respective light-emitting elements 12. The plurality of openings 13a may be provided on the first surface (the surface facing the OLED layer 122) of each first electrode 121. In other words, the peripheral portion of the first surface of each first electrode 121 may be covered by the insulating layer 13. The first electrode 121 and the OLED layer 122 come into contact with each other through the openings 13a. The shape of the openings 120 in a plan view is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a substantially rectangular, a substantially circular, or a substantially elliptical shape.

[0050] The insulating layer 13 may be an organic insulating layer, an inorganic insulating layer, or a laminate thereof. The organic insulating layer contains at least one material selected from the group consisting of, for example, polyimide resin, acrylic resin, and novolac resin. The inorganic insulating layer contains, for example, silicon oxide (SiO ｘ ), silicon nitride (SiN ｘ ) and silicon oxynitride (SiO ｘ N ｙ ) and the like.

[0051] (Protective Layer 14) The protective layer 14 is provided on the first surface of the second electrode 123 and covers the plurality of light-emitting elements 12. The protective layer 14 is translucent to white light emitted from the light-emitting elements 12. The protective layer 14 can protect the plurality of light-emitting elements 12 and the like. For example, the protective layer 14 can prevent moisture from entering the plurality of light-emitting elements 12 and the like from the external environment. Furthermore, when the second electrode 123 is formed of a metal layer, the protective layer 14 may have a function of preventing oxidation of this metal layer.

[0052] The protective layer 14 contains, for example, at least one of an inorganic material and an organic material having low moisture absorption. The protective layer 14 may have a single layer structure or a multilayer structure. When the thickness of the protective layer 14 is increased, a multilayer structure is preferable. This is because the internal stress in the protective layer 14 can be alleviated. The inorganic material can be, for example, silicon oxide (SiO ｘ ), silicon nitride (SiN ｘ ), silicon oxynitride (SiO ｘ N ｙ ), titanium oxide (TiO ｘ ) and aluminum oxide (AlO ｘ The organic material includes at least one selected from the group consisting of thermosetting resins, photosensitive resins, and the like. The photosensitive resin includes, for example, an ultraviolet-curable resin. Specific examples of the organic material include at least one selected from the group consisting of acrylic resins, polyimide resins, novolac resins, epoxy resins, norbornene resins, parylene resins, and the like.

[0053] The protective layer 14 preferably includes a deposition layer in which atomic layers are deposited. The deposition layer may be an ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) layer. When the protective layer 14 includes the deposition layer, the effect of the protective layer 14 in suppressing moisture penetration can be improved. The deposition layer includes, for example, a metal oxide or a metal nitride. The metal oxide is, for example, aluminum oxide (AlO ｘ ) or titanium oxide (TiO ｘ Metal nitrides include, for example, titanium nitride (TiN ｘ) is included.

[0054] (Planarization Layer 15) The planarization layer 15 is provided on the first surface of the protective layer 14. The planarization layer 15 fills in the irregularities on the first surface of the protective layer 14, and a flat first surface can be formed on the upper side of the protective layer 14. The planarization layer 15 is translucent to the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12. The planarization layer 15 includes, for example, at least one of an organic material and an inorganic material.

[0055] The organic material includes, for example, a cured product of a photosensitive resin composition. The photosensitive resin composition may include either a positive-type photosensitive resin composition or a negative-type photosensitive resin composition. Specific examples of the photosensitive resin composition include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyimide, polyimide precursor, polybenzoxazole, polybenzoxazole precursor, acrylic resin, phenolic resin, and siloxane resin. Examples of the inorganic material include the same materials as those of the protective layer 14.

[0056] (Color Filter 16) The color filter 16 is a so-called on-chip color filter (OCCF). The color filter 16 is provided above the plurality of light-emitting elements 12. More specifically, the color filter 16 is provided on the first surface of the planarization layer 15. The color filter 16 includes, for example, a plurality of colored layers 160R, a plurality of colored layers 160G, and a plurality of colored layers 160B. In the following description, when the colored layers 160R, 160G, and 160B are referred to collectively without any particular distinction, the colored layers 160R, 160G, and 160B may be simply referred to as colored layers 160.

[0057] The multiple colored layers 160 are two-dimensionally arranged on the first surface of the planarization layer 15 in a specified arrangement pattern. The specified arrangement pattern is as described above for the multiple sub-pixels 10. Each colored layer 160 is provided above a light-emitting element 12. The sub-pixel 10R is composed of the light-emitting element 12 and a colored layer 160R provided above the light-emitting element 12. The sub-pixel 10G is composed of the light-emitting element 12 and a colored layer 160G provided above the light-emitting element 12. The sub-pixel 10B is composed of the light-emitting element 12 and a colored layer 160B provided above the light-emitting element 12.

[0058] The coloring layer 160R has a red color. The coloring layer 160R transmits the red light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12, but can absorb visible light components other than red light. The coloring layer 160G has a green color. The coloring layer 160G transmits the green light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12, but can absorb visible light components other than green light. The coloring layer 160B has a blue color. The coloring layer 160B transmits the blue light component of the white light emitted from the light-emitting element 12, but can absorb visible light components other than blue light.

[0059] In the central region RE11, the center of the colored layer 160 substantially coincides with the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 12 in a planar view. On the other hand, in the peripheral region RE12, the center of the colored layer 160 is shifted toward the outer periphery of the display region RE1 with respect to the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 12 in a planar view. As a result, as shown in Fig. 4, the CRA of the central region RE11 is set to 0°, and the CRA of the peripheral region RE12 is set to a predetermined angle θ.

[0060] The colored layer 160R includes, for example, a red color resist, the colored layer 160G includes, for example, a green color resist, and the colored layer 160B includes, for example, a blue color resist.

[0061] (Lens Array 17) The lens array 17 is provided on the first surface of the color filter 16. The lens array 17 includes a plurality of lenses 170. The lens 170 is an example of a light-collecting element. The lens 170 is a convex lens having a convex light-collecting surface on the side opposite to the light-emitting element 12 side. The plurality of lenses 170 are so-called on-chip microlenses (OCL), and are two-dimensionally arranged on the first surface of the color filter 16 in a specified arrangement pattern. The specified arrangement pattern is as described above as the specified arrangement pattern of the plurality of sub-pixels 10.

[0062] The lenses 170 included in the central region RE11 can focus, in a front direction, light that is emitted upward from the light-emitting element 12 and incident through the colored layer 160. The lenses 170 included in the peripheral region RE12 can focus, in a direction at a predetermined angle θ, light that is emitted obliquely upward from the light-emitting element 12 and incident through the colored layer 160.

[0063] In the central region RE11, the center of the lens 170 substantially coincides with the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 12 in a planar view. On the other hand, in the peripheral region RE12, the center of the lens 170 is shifted toward the outer periphery of the display region RE1 with respect to the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 12 in a planar view. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4 , the CRA in the central region RE11 is set to 0°, while the CRA in the peripheral region RE12 is set to a predetermined angle θ. In order to set the CRA to 50° or more in the peripheral region RE12, it is preferable that the amount of shift D between the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 12 in the peripheral region RE12 and the center of the lens 170 be greater than ½ the pitch of the light-emitting element 12.

[0064] In a configuration in which the lens array 17 is provided on the first surface of the color filter 16, it is preferable that the amount of shift of the center of the lens 170 from the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 12 is larger than the amount of shift of the center of the colored layer 160 from the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 12. This makes it possible to reduce light extraction loss due to light absorption (vignetting) by the colored layer 160.

[0065] The light-collecting surface of the lens 170 preferably has a convex curved surface shape. Examples of convex curved surfaces include, but are not limited to, a substantially parabolic or substantially hemispherical shape. Here, the term "substantially parabolic or substantially hemispherical" does not necessarily mean a parabolic or hemispherical shape in the strict sense, but includes shapes that are visually perceived as being close to a parabolic or hemispherical shape. For example, the term "substantially parabolic or hemispherical shape" includes a parabolic or hemispherical shape that is distorted or deformed within the range of tolerance, error, etc.

[0066] The refractive index n of the lens 170 １ is the refractive index n of the light transmitting layer 18 ２ The refractive index n of the lens 170 is higher than １ is the refractive index n of the light transmitting layer 18 ２ , the refractive index n of the lens 170 is higher than that of the light-transmitting layer 18, so that the light can be refracted and focused at the interface between the lens 170 and the light-transmitting layer 18. Therefore, the light extraction function can be improved. １ is, for example, 1.55 or more and 1.80 or less. １ , n ２ represents the average refractive index in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0067] The height H of the lens 170 included in the peripheral region RE12 ２ is the height H of the lens 170 included in the central region RE11. １ In this case, the lenses 170 included in the peripheral region RE12 are less likely to bend the light rays incident from the light emitting elements 12, making it easier to tilt the CRA further outward from the display region RE1.

[0068] The lens 170 includes, for example, an organic material or an inorganic material that is transparent to visible light. The organic material includes, for example, a photosensitive resin such as an ultraviolet curable resin. The inorganic material includes, for example, silicon nitride (SiN ｘ ) and silicon oxynitride (SiO ｘ N ｙ) and the like. The lens 170 may contain a filler. The refractive index of the lens 170 can be adjusted by adjusting the content of the filler contained in the lens 170. The filler may be a hollow filler. The filler may be an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler may be, for example, aluminum oxide (AlO ｘ ), titanium oxide (TiO ｘ ) and zirconium oxide (ZrO ｘ ) and the like.

[0069] 7 is a cross-sectional view of the light transmitting layer 18. The light transmitting layer 18 is provided on the light collecting surfaces of the plurality of lenses 170 and covers the light collecting surfaces of the plurality of lenses 170. The light transmitting layer 18 is translucent to the light of each color emitted from the color filter 16.

[0070] The light-transmitting layer 18 includes a first layer (central layer) 181 that covers the lenses 170 included in the central region RE11 and a second layer (peripheral layer) 182 that covers the lenses 170 included in the peripheral region RE12. The thickness of the first layer 181 and the thickness of the second layer 182 may be substantially the same, and a first surface of the first layer 181 and a first surface of the second layer 182 may be connected to form a substantially flush surface. The first layer 181 has, for example, a circular shape in a planar view. The second layer 182 surrounds the first layer 181 in a planar view. The second layer 182 has a hole in its center in a planar view. This hole penetrates the second layer 182 in the thickness direction and has the same circular shape as the first layer 181 in a planar view. The first layer 181 is provided within the hole in the second layer 182.

[0071] The refractive index n of the first layer 181 ２１ and the refractive index n of the second layer 182 ２２ is the refractive index n of the lens 170 １ is lower than (n ２１、 n ２２ <n １ The refractive index n of the second layer 182 ２２ is the refractive index n of the first layer 181 ２１ Higher than (n ２１ <n ２２ The refractive index n of the second layer 182 ２２is the refractive index n of the first layer 181 ２１ , the critical angle at the interface between lens 170 and second layer 182 can be made larger than the critical angle at the interface between lens 170 and first layer 181. This makes it possible to reduce the total reflection component at the light-collecting surface of lens 170 in peripheral region RE12, and to suppress a decrease in the luminance viewing angle characteristics.

[0072] The refractive index n of the first layer 181 ２１ The refractive index n of the second layer 182 is, for example, 1.20 or more and 1.60 or less. ２２ is, for example, 1.40 or more and 1.75 or less. ２１ , n ２２ represents the average refractive index in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm.

[0073] The first layer 181 and the second layer 182 include an organic material or an inorganic material that is transparent to visible light. The organic material includes, for example, at least one of a thermosetting resin and an ultraviolet curing resin. The inorganic material includes, for example, silicon oxide (SiO ｘ ) and silicon oxynitride (SiO ｘ N ｙ The first layer 181 and the second layer 182 may contain a filler. By adjusting the content of the filler contained in the first layer 181 and the second layer 182, the refractive index n ２１ and the refractive index n of the second layer 182 ２２ The filler may be a hollow filler. The filler may be an inorganic filler. The inorganic filler may be, for example, silicon oxide (SiO ｘ ), aluminum oxide (AlO ｘ ), titanium oxide (TiO ｘ ) and zirconium oxide (ZrO ｘ ) and the like.

[0074] [Method for Manufacturing Display Device 101] Hereinafter, an example of a method for manufacturing the display device 101 according to an embodiment will be described.

[0075] (Step of Forming First Electrodes 121) First, a metal layer and a metal oxide layer are sequentially formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 by, for example, sputtering, and then the metal layer and the metal oxide layer are patterned by, for example, photolithography. As a result, a plurality of first electrodes 121 are formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11.

[0076] (Step of forming insulating layer 13) Next, for example, by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition), the insulating layer 13 is formed on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 so as to cover the plurality of first electrodes 121. Next, for example, by photolithography, the insulating layer 13 is processed to form openings 13 a on the first surface of each first electrode 121.

[0077] (Step of Forming OLED Layer 122) Next, for example by vapor deposition, the hole injection layer 1221, the hole transport layer 1222, the red light-emitting layer 1220R, the emission separation layer 1223, the blue light-emitting layer 1220B, the green light-emitting layer 1220G, the electron transport layer 1224, and the electron injection layer 1225 are laminated in this order on the first surfaces of the plurality of first electrodes 121 and on the first surface of the insulating layer 13. This forms the OLED layer 122 having a single layer of light-emitting unit U. Note that the OLED layer 122 is not limited to an OLED layer having a single layer of light-emitting unit U, and may be an OLED layer having two layers of light-emitting units U1 and U2, or may be an OLED layer with a structure other than those.

[0078] (Step of Forming Second Electrode 123) Next, the second electrode 123 is formed on the first surface of the OLED layer 122 by, for example, vapor deposition or sputtering. This forms a plurality of light-emitting elements 12 on the first surface of the drive substrate 11.

[0079] (Step of Forming Protective Layer 14) Next, the protective layer 14 is formed on the first surface of the second electrode 123 by, for example, CVD or vapor deposition.

[0080] (Step of Forming Planarizing Layer 15) Next, the resin composition is applied onto the first surface of the protective layer 14 and then cured by, for example, light irradiation or heating, to form the planarizing layer 15.

[0081] (Process for Forming Color Filter 16) Next, a green color resist is applied to the first surface of the planarization layer 15, and is irradiated with ultraviolet light through a photomask for pattern exposure, followed by development, thereby forming a green colored layer 160G. Next, a red color resist is applied to the first surface of the planarization layer 15, and is irradiated with ultraviolet light through a photomask for pattern exposure, followed by development, thereby forming a red colored layer 160R. Next, a blue color resist is applied to the first surface of the planarization layer 15, and is irradiated with ultraviolet light through a photomask for pattern exposure, followed by development, thereby forming a blue colored layer 160B. This forms a color filter 16 on the first surface of the planarization layer 15.

[0082] (Lens Array 17 Formation Process) Next, a photosensitive resin serving as a lens material is applied to the first surface of the color filter 16 by, for example, spin coating, and cured by light irradiation to form a photosensitive resin layer serving as a lens material layer. Next, the photosensitive resin layer is patterned by, for example, photolithography technology, to form a plurality of pillars on the first surface of the color filter 16. Next, the plurality of pillars are processed into a convex curved surface by, for example, reflow processing (heating processing) or etch-back. This forms a plurality of lenses 170.

[0083] (Process for forming light transmitting layer 18) Next, a resin composition for forming a first layer is applied to cover the lenses 170 included in the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12 and cured, thereby reducing the refractive index n １ A low refractive index n ２１ Next, the low refractive index layer is patterned using, for example, photolithography technology to form a low refractive index layer having a refractive index n ２１ Next, a resin composition for forming a second layer is applied to cover the lens 170 included in the peripheral region RE12 and cured, thereby forming a first layer 181 having a refractive index n １ and the refractive index n ２１ High refractive index n ２２Next, the intermediate refractive index layer is patterned using, for example, photolithography technology to form a layer having a refractive index of n ２２ The second layer 182 having the above structure is formed in the peripheral region RE12. Through the above steps, the display device 101 according to the embodiment is obtained.

[0084] [Effects] In the display device 101 according to one embodiment, the display region RE1 has a central region RE11 and a peripheral region RE12 located outside the central region RE11. The center of the lens 170 included in the peripheral region RE12 is shifted toward the outer periphery of the display region RE1 in a plan view with respect to the center of the light-emitting region of the lens 170. This allows the CRA to be tilted outward in the peripheral region RE12, as shown in Figures 4 and 5B. This allows the display device 101 to have a wide FOV.

[0085] The refractive index n of the second layer 182 covering the lens 170 in the peripheral region RE12 ２２ is the refractive index n of the first layer 181 covering the lens 170 included in the central region RE11. ２１ 1. This allows the critical angle at the interface between the lens 170 and the second layer 182 to be larger than the critical angle at the interface between the lens 170 and the first layer 181. Therefore, the total reflection component at the light-collecting surface of the lens 170 in the peripheral region RE12 can be reduced, and degradation of the luminance viewing angle characteristics can be suppressed. Specifically, for example, as shown in FIG. 8, the luminance viewing angle is improved on the side opposite to the tilted direction of the CRA (toward the center of the display region RE1). The plot of open circles in FIG. 8 represents an example of the luminance viewing angle characteristics of the display device 101 according to one embodiment. Meanwhile, the plot of filled circles in FIG. 8 represents an example of the luminance viewing angle characteristics of the display device 101A according to the above-described comparative example 2 (see FIG. 2B).

[0086] In the display device 101A according to Comparative Example 2, the light transmitting layer 18 is composed of only the first layer 181. Therefore, the light collecting ability of the lens 170 is high in the peripheral region RE12, and the extraction efficiency (brightness) of the peripheral region RE12 is high. Therefore, when the display device 101A according to Comparative Example 2 is used in a high brightness (large current) region and a decrease in brightness due to IR drop occurs in the central region RE11, there is a risk that the brightness uniformity between the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12 will deteriorate.

[0087] In the display device 101 according to the embodiment, the refractive index n ２２ is the refractive index n of the first layer 181 in the central region RE11 ２１ Therefore, the light-collecting ability of the lens 170 can be reduced in the peripheral region RE12, and the extraction efficiency (brightness) of the peripheral region RE12 can be reduced. Therefore, even when the display device 101 according to one embodiment is used in a high brightness (large current) region and a decrease in brightness occurs in the central region RE11 due to IR drop, the brightness uniformity between the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12 is improved.

[0088] <4 Modifications> [Modification 1] In the embodiment, an example has been described in which the thickness of the first layer 181 and the thickness of the second layer 182 are substantially the same, and the first surface of the first layer 181 and the first surface of the second layer 182 are connected to form a substantially flush surface (see FIG. 7 ). However, the configuration of the light transmitting layer 18 is not limited to this example, and the light transmitting layer 18 may have the following configuration, for example.

[0089] 9A and 9B, the second layer 182 may cover the lenses 170 included in the peripheral region RE12 and may also cover the first surface of the first layer 181. The first surface of the second layer 182 (the surface opposite to the light-emitting element 12 side) may be a flat surface as shown in Fig. 9A, or may be a convex curved surface as shown in Fig. 9B.

[0090] 9A and 9B is formed, for example, as follows: First, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, the light transmitting layer 18 having a refractive index n ２１A first layer 181 having a refractive index n of the lens 170 is formed in the central region RE11. Next, a resin composition for forming a second layer is applied and cured so as to cover the first surface of the first layer 181 formed in the central region RE11 and the lens 170 included in the peripheral region RE12. １ and the refractive index n ２１ High refractive index n ２２ A second layer 182 having the following structure is formed.

[0091] 10A and 10B, the first layer 181 may cover the lenses 170 included in the central region RE11 and may also cover the first surface of the second layer 182. The first surface of the first layer 181 (the surface opposite to the light-emitting element 12 side) may be a flat surface as shown in Fig. 10A, or may be a concave curved surface as shown in Fig. 10B.

[0092] 10A and 10B is formed, for example, as follows: First, a resin composition for forming the second layer is applied to cover the lenses 170 included in the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12, and then cured to obtain the refractive index n １ A low refractive index n ２２ Next, the intermediate refractive index layer is patterned using, for example, photolithography technology to form a layer having a refractive index of n ２２ Next, a resin composition for forming the first layer is applied and cured so as to cover the first surface of the second layer 182 formed in the peripheral region RE12 and the lens 170 included in the central region RE11, thereby forming a second layer 182 having a refractive index n １ and the refractive index n ２２ A low refractive index n ２１ A first layer 181 having the following structure is formed.

[0093] [Variation 2] In the embodiment, an example has been described in which the interface formed by the outer peripheral surface of the first layer 181 and the inner peripheral surface of the second layer 182 is perpendicular to the first surface of the drive substrate 11 (see FIG. 4 ). However, the interface formed by the outer peripheral surface of the first layer 181 and the inner peripheral surface of the second layer 182 is not limited to this example. For example, the interface formed by the outer peripheral surface of the first layer 181 and the inner peripheral surface of the second layer 182 may be tilted toward the center of the display region RE as shown in FIG. 11A , or may be tilted outside the display region RE as shown in FIG. 11B . When the interface is tilted toward the center of the display region RE, the second layer 182 may cover the lenses 170 included in the peripheral region RE12 and the first surface of the first layer 181. On the other hand, when the interface is tilted to the outside of the display region RE, the first layer 181 may cover the lenses 170 included in the central region RE11 and also cover the first surface of the second layer 182.

[0094] [Variation 3] In the embodiment, an example has been described in which the outer periphery of the central region RE11 and the inner periphery of the peripheral region RE12 have a substantially circular shape in a plan view (see FIG. 3). However, the shapes of the outer periphery of the central region RE11 and the inner periphery of the peripheral region RE12 are not limited to this example. For example, the outer periphery of the central region RE11 and the inner periphery of the peripheral region RE12 may have a substantially rectangular shape in a plan view, as shown in FIG. 12. The outer periphery of the central region RE11 and the inner periphery of the peripheral region RE12 may have an uneven pattern in a plan view, as shown in FIG. 13. By having the outer periphery of the first layer 181 and the inner periphery of the second layer 182 have an uneven pattern in this way, it is possible to prevent the boundary between the outer periphery of the central region RE11 and the inner periphery of the peripheral region RE12 from being visible.

[0095] [Variation 4] In the embodiment, an example has been described in which the display region RE1 has a central region RE11 and a peripheral region RE12, and the light-transmitting layer 18 includes a first layer 181 provided in the central region RE11 and a second layer 182 provided in the peripheral region RE12 (see FIGS. 3 and 7 ). However, the configurations of the display region RE1 and the light-transmitting layer 18 are not limited to this example. For example, as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 , the display region RE1 may further include an intermediate region (third region) RE13 between the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12, and the light-transmitting layer 18 may further include a third layer 183 provided in the intermediate region RE13.

[0096] The third layer 183 covers the lens 170 included in the intermediate region RE13. The refractive index n ２３ is the refractive index n of the first layer 181 ２１ and the refractive index n ２２ is lower than (n ２１ <n ２３ <n ２２ ).

[0097] 14 shows an example in which the third layer 183 has a circular ring shape in a plan view, but the shape of the third layer 183 is not limited to this example. For example, the third layer 183 may have a substantially square ring shape in a plan view as shown in FIG. 16 , or may have a substantially polygonal ring shape other than a substantially square ring shape.

[0098] [Variation 5] In the embodiment, an example has been described in which the lens 170 is a convex lens having a convex light-collecting surface on the side opposite to the light-emitting element 12 side (see FIGS. 5A and 5B ). However, the shape of the lens 170 is not limited to this example. For example, as shown in FIGS. 17A and 17B , the lens 170 may be a convex lens having a convex light-collecting surface on the light-emitting element 12 side. In this case, a light-transmitting layer 18 may be provided between the color filter 16 and the lens array 17. A glass substrate (not shown) may be provided on the first surface of the lens array 17.

[0099] 17A, in the central region RE11, the center of the lens 170 is approximately aligned with the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 12 in a plan view. On the other hand, in the peripheral region RE12, as shown in FIG. 17B, the center of the lens 170 is shifted toward the outer periphery of the display region RE1 with respect to the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 12 in a plan view.

[0100] The refractive index n of the lens 170 １ is the refractive index n of the light transmitting layer 18 ２ The refractive index n of the lens 170 is higher than １ is the refractive index n of the light transmitting layer 18 ２ The refractive index n of the light transmitting layer 18 is higher than that of the light transmitting layer 18. ２ The light can be refracted and focused at the interface between the lens 170 and the substrate 170. Therefore, the light extraction function can be improved.

[0101] The lenses 170 included in the central region RE11 are embedded in the first layer 181. The lenses 170 included in the peripheral region RE12 are embedded in the second layer 182. The refractive index n of the lenses 170 is １ , the refractive index n of the first layer 181 ２１ and the refractive index n of the second layer 182 ２２ The relationship is the same as in the first embodiment.

[0102] In order to facilitate understanding of the effects of the display device 101 according to the fifth modification having the above configuration, problems with the display device 101A according to the third comparative example will be described.

[0103] In the display device 101A according to the comparative example 3, the light transmitting layer 18 is composed of only the first layer 181, and the refractive index n ２２ and the refractive index n of the light transmitting layer 18 in the peripheral region RE12. ２２18 , in peripheral region RE12, if the center of lens 170 is shifted in plan view with respect to the center of the light-emitting region of light-emitting element 12, a portion of the light incident on lens 170 from light-emitting element 12 may be directed toward the side of display device 101A on the convex light-collecting surface of lens 170. This makes it difficult to collect the light incident on lens 170 from light-emitting element 12 in a predetermined oblique direction (the direction of a predetermined CRA), resulting in a deterioration in the luminance-viewing-angle characteristics (see the arrow in FIG. 18 ).

[0104] In the display device 101 according to the fifth modification, the light transmitting layer 18 includes a first layer 181 in which the lenses 170 included in the central region RE11 are embedded, and a second layer 182 in which the lenses 170 included in the peripheral region RE12 are embedded. The refractive index n ２２ is the refractive index n of the first layer 181 ２１ This makes it easier to collect light incident on lens 170 from light-emitting element 12 in a predetermined oblique direction (the direction of a predetermined CRA), thereby suppressing deterioration in the luminance viewing angle characteristics (see the arrow in FIG. 17B ).

[0105] [Variation 6] The display device 101 may further include a substrate. The substrate may be provided on the first surface of the light-transmitting layer 18. In this case, the light-transmitting layer 18 may function as an adhesive layer that bonds the lens array 17 to the substrate. The substrate seals the first surface of the drive substrate 11 on which the plurality of light-emitting elements 12 and the like are provided. The substrate is translucent to the light of each color emitted from the color filter 16. The substrate is, for example, a glass substrate.

[0106] [Variation 7] From the viewpoint of improving light extraction efficiency and / or improving color purity, the light-emitting element 12 may have a resonator structure. In this specification, "and / or" means at least one of the following: for example, "X and / or Y" means X only, Y only, or both X and Y.

[0107] When the first electrode 121 is a reflective electrode that functions as a reflective layer, a resonator structure may be formed by the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123. In this case, the optical distance between the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 may be set by the thickness of the OLED layer 122, by selecting the material of the first electrode 121, or by a combination of these.

[0108] When the first electrode 121 is a transparent electrode, a reflective layer may be provided below the transparent electrode, and a resonator structure may be formed by the reflective layer and the second electrode 123. In this case, the optical distance between the reflective layer and the second electrode 123 may be set by the thickness of the OLED layer 122, by selecting the material of the reflective layer, by the thickness of an insulating layer provided between the first electrode 121 (transparent electrode) and the reflective layer, or by a combination of two or more of these.

[0109] [Variation 8] In the embodiment, an example has been described in which the display device 101 includes a plurality of light-emitting elements 12 capable of emitting white light and a color filter 16, and a combination of these elements is capable of displaying a color image, but the colorization method of the display device 101 is not limited to this. For example, the display device 101 may include a plurality of light-emitting elements capable of emitting red light, a plurality of light-emitting elements capable of emitting green light, and a plurality of light-emitting elements capable of emitting blue light, instead of the plurality of light-emitting elements 12. In this case, color filters may or may not be included.

[0110] The light-emitting element is, for example, (1) a light-emitting element including a light-emitting layer capable of emitting light of a predetermined color (red light, green light, or blue light); (2) a light-emitting element including a light-emitting layer capable of emitting white light and capable of resonating and emphasizing light of a predetermined wavelength (red light, green light, or blue light) contained in the white light emitted by the light-emitting layer using a resonator structure; or (3) a light-emitting element including a light-emitting layer capable of emitting light of a predetermined color (red light, green light, or blue light) and capable of resonating and emphasizing light of a predetermined wavelength contained in light of a predetermined color emitted by the light-emitting layer using a resonator structure.

[0111] [Modification 9] In the embodiment, an example in which the color filter 16 is provided has been described, but a quantum dot layer may be provided instead of the color filter 16, or a quantum dot layer may be provided together with the color filter 16. The quantum dot layer contains quantum dots (semiconductor particles) and can convert the color of light emitted from the plurality of light-emitting elements 12. In this case, the plurality of light-emitting elements 12 may be configured to emit blue light.

[0112] [Modification 10] In the embodiment, an example has been described in which the light-emitting element 12 is an OLED element, but the light-emitting element is not limited to this example and may be, for example, a self-luminous light-emitting element such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode) element, an inorganic electroluminescence (IEL) element, a quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) element, or a semiconductor laser element. Two or more types of light-emitting elements may be provided in the display device.

[0113] [Modification 11] In the method for manufacturing the display device 101 according to the embodiment, an example has been described in which the second layer 182 is formed after the first layer 181 is formed. However, the method for forming the light transmitting layer 18 is not limited to this example, and the first layer 181 may be formed after the second layer 182 is formed.

[0114] Specifically, the light transmitting layer 18 may be formed as follows. First, a resin composition for forming the second layer is applied and cured so as to cover the lenses 170 included in the central region RE11 and the peripheral region RE12. １ A low refractive index n ２２ Next, the intermediate refractive index layer is patterned using, for example, photolithography technology to form a layer having a refractive index of n ２２ Next, a resin composition for forming the first layer is applied to cover the lens 170 included in the central region RE11 and cured, thereby forming a second layer 182 having a refractive index n１ and the refractive index n ２２ A low refractive index n ２１ Next, the low refractive index layer is patterned using, for example, photolithography technology to form a low refractive index layer having a refractive index n ２１ The first layer 181 having the above structure is formed in the central region RE11. Through the above steps, the light transmitting layer 18 is formed on the first surface of the lens array 17.

[0115] [Other Modifications] Above, one embodiment of the present disclosure and its modification examples (hereinafter referred to as "one embodiment, etc.") have been specifically described, but the present disclosure is not limited to one embodiment, etc., and various modifications based on the technical ideas of the present disclosure are possible.

[0116] For example, the configurations, methods, steps, shapes, materials, and numerical values ​​given in one embodiment are merely examples, and different configurations, methods, steps, shapes, materials, and numerical values ​​may be used as necessary.

[0117] The configurations, methods, steps, shapes, materials, numerical values, etc. of the embodiments may be combined with one another without departing from the spirit of the present disclosure.

[0118] Unless otherwise specified, the materials exemplified in the embodiments and the like can be used singly or in combination of two or more.

[0119] The present disclosure may also employ the following configurations. (1) A display device including: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in a display region; a plurality of light-collecting elements that collect light emitted from each of the plurality of light-emitting elements; and a light-transmitting layer adjacent to the light-collecting surfaces of the plurality of light-collecting elements, wherein the display region has a first region and a second region located outside the first region, wherein centers of the light-collecting elements included in the second region are shifted toward the outer periphery of the display region with respect to the center of the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element in a planar view, and wherein the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second region is higher than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the first region. (2) The display device described in (1), wherein the light-transmitting layer includes: a first layer adjacent to the light-collecting surfaces of the light-collecting elements included in the first region; and a second layer adjacent to the light-collecting surfaces of the light-collecting elements included in the second region, wherein the refractive index of the second layer is higher than the refractive index of the first layer. (3) The display device described in (2), wherein the second layer covers the first layer. (4) The display device according to (3), wherein the second layer has a convex curved surface on a side opposite to the light-emitting element side. (5) The display device according to (2), wherein the first layer covers the second layer. (6) The display device according to (5), wherein the first layer has a concave curved surface on a side opposite to the light-emitting element side. (7) The display device according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the light-collecting surface of the light-collecting element has a convex shape on a side opposite to the light-emitting element side. (8) The display device according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the light-collecting surface of the light-collecting element has a convex shape on the light-emitting element side. (9) The display device according to any one of (2) to (6), wherein the first layer has a substantially circular shape in a plan view. (10) The display device according to any one of (2) to (6), wherein the second layer surrounds the first layer in a plan view. (11) The display device according to any one of (1) to (10), wherein a height of the light-collecting elements included in the second region is lower than a height of the light-collecting elements included in the first region. (12) The display device according to any one of (1) to (11), wherein a deviation D between a center of the light-emitting region in the second region and a center of the light-collecting element is greater than ½ of a pitch of the light-emitting elements.(13) The display device according to any one of (1) to (12), further comprising a color filter provided above the plurality of light-emitting elements. (14) The display device according to any one of (1) to (13), wherein the refractive index of the plurality of light-collecting elements is higher than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer. (15) An electronic device comprising the display device according to any one of (1) to (14).

[0120] <5. Examples of Inter-Pixel Structures for Countermeasures Against Inter-Pixel Leakage> The OLED layer 122 of the display device 101 according to one embodiment and the like is connected between adjacent light-emitting elements 12 in the in-plane direction of the first surface of the drive substrate 11, and is a layer common to the plurality of light-emitting elements 12. For this reason, in the display device 101 according to one embodiment and the like, there is a risk of current leakage occurring between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. Below, examples of leakage suppression structures for suppressing such current leakage between the light-emitting elements 12 will be described. Note that in the following first to seventh examples, examples will be described in which the OLED layer 122 has two light-emitting units U1 and U2.

[0121] (Leakage Suppression Structure: First Example) Fig. 19 is a cross-sectional view of a first example of the leakage suppression structure. Note that in Fig. 19, layers above the second electrode 123 are not shown. Similarly, in the cross-sectional views for explaining the leakage suppression structures of the second to ninth examples, layers above the second electrode 123 are not shown.

[0122] The insulating layer 13 has openings 13a above each first electrode 121, and covers the periphery of the first surface of the first electrode 121 and the side surfaces (end surfaces) of the first electrodes 121. Specifically, the insulating layer 13 has side wall portions 13b and extension portions 13c. The side wall portions 13b are erected perpendicular to the first surface of the drive substrate 11 and cover the side surfaces of the first electrodes 121. The extension portions 13c extend from the upper ends of the inner circumferential surfaces of the side wall portions 13b toward the center of the first surface of the first electrodes 121 and cover the periphery of the first surfaces of the first electrodes 121.

[0123] The inner periphery of the opening 13a in the insulating layer 13 has a canopy-like protruding portion 132b that protrudes toward the center of the opening 13a. The protruding portion 132b is spaced apart from the first surface of the first electrode 121. The protruding portion 132b is preferably provided around the entire periphery of the opening 13a, but may be provided on a portion of the entire periphery of the opening 13a.

[0124] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 are disconnected or made highly resistant by the overhanging portion 132b (region A shown in FIG. 19 ). This makes it possible to suppress current leakage between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. Here, "high resistance" refers to the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1227 becoming extremely thin at the overhanging portion 132b, resulting in high resistance. The disconnection or high resistance of the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1227 caused by the overhanging portion 132b can occur due to the shadowing effect of the overhanging portion 132b during film formation of the OLED layer 122. A gap 132c may be formed between the overhanging portion 132b and the first electrode 121.

[0125] The insulating layer 13 has a first insulating layer 131 and a second insulating layer 132, which are arranged in this order on the first surface of the drive substrate 11 and the first surface of the first electrode 121. The first insulating layer 131 has a plurality of first openings 131a. The second insulating layer 132 has a plurality of second openings 132a. The opening 13a is composed of overlapping first openings 131a and second openings 132a. The inner periphery of the second opening 132a in the second insulating layer 132 protrudes further inward from the opening 13a than the inner periphery of the first opening 131a in the first insulating layer 131, forming a protruding portion 132b.

[0126] 20 is a cross-sectional view of a second example of the leakage suppression structure. The second example differs from the first example in that the insulating layer 13 includes a third insulating layer 133 in addition to the first insulating layer 131 and the second insulating layer 132.

[0127] The third insulating layer 133 is provided between the drive substrate 11 and the first insulating layer 131, and between the first electrode 121 and the first insulating layer 131. The third insulating layer 133 has a third opening 133a on the first surface of the first electrode 121. In the second example, the opening 13a is composed of a first opening 131a, a second opening 132a, and a third opening 133a that are overlapped with each other. The inner periphery of the third opening 133a protrudes further inward than the inner periphery of the first opening 131a. A gap 132c may be formed between the protruding portion 132b and the third insulating layer 133.

[0128] (Leakage Suppression Structure: Third and Fourth Examples) In the first and second examples, examples have been described in which the inner periphery of the opening 13a in the insulating layer 13 has one protruding portion 132b. However, the number of protruding portions that the inner periphery of the opening 13a in the insulating layer 13 has is not limited to these examples, and the inner periphery of the opening 13a in the insulating layer 13 may have two or more protruding portions. Below, an example (third example) in which the inner periphery of the opening 13a in the insulating layer 13 has two protruding portions and an example (fourth example) in which the inner periphery of the opening 13a in the insulating layer 13 has three protruding portions will be described.

[0129] 21 is a cross-sectional view of a third example of the leakage suppression structure. The third example differs from the second example in that insulating layer 13 has fourth insulating layer 134 and fifth insulating layer 135, in that order, on the first surface of second insulating layer 132, and that the inner periphery of opening 13a in insulating layer 13 has two eave-like protrusions 132b and 135b.

[0130] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 are cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portion 132b and the overhanging portion 135b. The overhanging portion 135b is provided at a higher position than the overhanging portion 132b with respect to the first surface of the first electrode 121, and is spaced apart from the first surface of the second insulating layer 132. The overhanging portion 135b is set back more away from the center of the opening 13a than the overhanging portion 132b.

[0131] The fourth insulating layer 134 has a fourth opening 134a. The fifth insulating layer 135 has a fifth opening 135a. In the third example, the opening 13a is composed of a first opening 131a, a second opening 132a, a third opening 133a, a fourth opening 134a, and a fifth opening 135a that are overlapping each other. The inner periphery of the fourth opening 134a is recessed in a direction away from the center of the opening 13a relative to the inner peripheries of the second opening 132a and the fifth opening 135a. The inner periphery of the fifth opening 135a protrudes more inward from the opening 13a than the fourth opening 134a, forming a protruding portion 135b.

[0132] 22 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth example of the leakage suppression structure. The fourth example differs from the third example in that insulating layer 13 has sixth insulating layer 136 and seventh insulating layer 137 in this order on the first surface of fifth insulating layer 135, and the inner periphery of opening 13a in insulating layer 13 has three eave-like protrusions 132b, 135b, and 137b.

[0133] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 are cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portion 132b, the overhanging portion 135b, and the overhanging portion 137b. The overhanging portion 137b is provided at a higher position than the overhanging portion 135b with respect to the first surface of the first electrode 121, and is spaced apart from the first surface of the fifth insulating layer 135. The overhanging portion 137b is set back more away from the center of the opening 13a than the overhanging portion 135b.

[0134] The sixth insulating layer 136 has a sixth opening 136a. The seventh insulating layer 137 has a seventh opening 137a. In the fourth example, the opening 13a is composed of a first opening 131a, a second opening 132a, a third opening 133a, a fourth opening 134a, a fifth opening 135a, a sixth opening 136a, and a seventh opening 137a, which are all overlapping each other. The inner periphery of the sixth opening 136a is recessed in a direction away from the center of the opening 13a from the inner peripheries of the fifth opening 135a and the seventh opening 137a. The inner periphery of the seventh opening 137a protrudes inward from the sixth opening 136a, forming a protruding portion 137b.

[0135] 23 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth example of a leakage suppression structure. The fifth example differs from the second example in that insulating layer 13 includes first insulating layer 131, second insulating layer 132, and third insulating layer 133, as well as eighth insulating layer 138, and that the inner periphery of opening 13a in insulating layer 13 includes two eave-shaped protrusions 132b and 133b.

[0136] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 are cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portion 132b and the overhanging portion 133b. The overhanging portion 133b overhangs more inwardly of the opening 13a than the overhanging portion 132b. The overhanging portion 133b is located at a lower position than the overhanging portion 132b with respect to the first surface of the first electrode 121. The overhanging portion 133b is spaced apart from the first surface of the first electrode 121.

[0137] The eighth insulating layer 138 is provided between the drive substrate 11 and the third insulating layer 133, and between the first electrode 121 and the third insulating layer 133. The eighth insulating layer 138 has an eighth opening 138a. In the fifth example, the opening 13a is composed of a first opening 131a, a second opening 132a, a third opening 133a, and an eighth opening 138a, which are overlapped with each other. The inner periphery of the third opening 133a in the third insulating layer 133 protrudes further inward from the opening 13a than the inner periphery of the eighth opening 138a in the eighth insulating layer 138, thereby forming a protruding portion 133b.

[0138] (Leakage Suppression Structure: Sixth Example) Figure 24 is a cross-sectional view of a sixth example of a leakage suppression structure. The sixth example differs from the first example in that the insulating layer 13 has a protruding portion 13b1 on the outer periphery of the side wall portion 13b instead of having a protruding portion 132b on the inner periphery of the opening 13a. Although Figure 24 shows an example in which the insulating layer 13 has a single-layer structure, it may also have a laminated structure of two or more layers.

[0139] The protruding portion 13b1 protrudes outward from the outer periphery of the side wall portion 13b. A recess 13b2 is provided at a position a predetermined distance below the upper end of the outer periphery of the side wall portion 13b. By providing the recess 13b2 on the outer periphery of the side wall portion 13b in this manner, the protruding portion 13b1 is configured at the upper end of the outer periphery of the side wall portion 13b. The protruding portion 13b1 and the recess 13b2 are preferably provided around the entire periphery of the side wall portion 13b, but may be provided on a portion of the entire periphery of the side wall portion 13b.

[0140] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generating layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 are cut off or made highly resistant by the protruding portion 132b (area A shown in FIG. 24 ), thereby making it possible to suppress current leakage between adjacent light-emitting elements 12.

[0141] In the sixth example, the outer periphery of the side wall portion 13b has one protrusion 13b1 and one recess 13b2. However, the number of protrusions 13b1 and recesses 13b2 on the outer periphery of the side wall portion 13b is not limited to this example, and the outer periphery of the side wall portion 13b may have two or more protrusions 13b1 and two or more recesses 13b2. In this case, the two or more recesses 13b2 may be arranged sequentially at a predetermined distance from the upper end to the lower end of the outer periphery of the side wall portion 13b.

[0142] (Leakage Suppression Structure: Seventh Example) Fig. 25 is a cross-sectional view of a seventh example of the leakage suppression structure. A groove 13Gv is provided between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. The groove 13Gv may be provided between light-emitting elements 12 adjacent in a predetermined direction (e.g., the Y-axis direction), or may be provided so as to surround the light-emitting element 12. The groove 13Gv is formed across the insulating layer 13 and the insulating layer 112.

[0143] The light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 are cut or made highly resistant by the groove 13Gv. This makes it possible to suppress current leakage between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. Here, "high resistance" means that the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1227 have extremely thin film thicknesses within the groove 13Gv, thereby making them highly resistant, as shown in FIG. 26 . Of the layers included in the OLED layer 122, the light-emitting unit U2 located above the charge generation layer 1227 straddles the groove 13Gv.

[0144] (Leakage Suppression Structure: Eighth Example) FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of an eighth example of the leakage suppression structure. A plurality of wirings 112a, a plurality of contact plugs 112b, and a plurality of contact electrodes 112c are provided in the insulating layer 112. Each contact plug 112b electrically connects the first electrode 121 and the wiring 112a. A groove 13Gv is provided between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. The bottom surface of the groove 13Gv is formed by the first surface of the contact electrode 112c. An auxiliary electrode 112d is provided on the side surface of each groove 13Gv. The auxiliary electrode 112d is in contact with the first surface of the contact electrode 112c.

[0145] The OLED layer 122 is cut by the grooves 13Gv. While FIG. 27 shows an example in which the second electrode 123 is also cut by the grooves 13Gv, the second electrode 123 may not be cut by the grooves 13Gv and may be connected between adjacent light-emitting elements 12. The second electrode 123 is in contact with the auxiliary electrode 112d on the side surface of the groove 13Gv. The second electrode 123 is in contact with the contact electrode 112c on the bottom surface of the groove 13Gv. A protective layer 14 may be provided on the first surface of the second electrode 123 so as to follow the shape of the second electrode 123.

[0146] In the eighth example, the leakage current between adjacent light emitting elements 12 can be drawn into the auxiliary electrode 112d and the contact electrode 112c. Therefore, the current leakage between adjacent light emitting elements 12 can be suppressed.

[0147] (Leakage Suppression Structure: Ninth Example) Fig. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a ninth example of the leakage suppression structure. In the ninth example, the display device 101 includes a plurality of third electrodes 124. The plurality of third electrodes 124 are provided on the second surface side of the OLED layer 122, similar to the plurality of first electrodes 121. Each third electrode 124 is disposed between adjacent first electrodes 121.

[0148] 29 is a plan view illustrating the arrangement of the first electrodes 121 and the third electrodes 124. The multiple third electrodes 124 are a group of island-shaped electrodes having a smaller area than the first electrodes 121. The multiple third electrodes 124 are regularly arranged so as to be equally spaced from adjacent first electrodes 121 in a plan view. From another perspective, the multiple third electrodes 124 are arranged at a predetermined distance from each first electrode 121 and so as to surround it in a plan view.

[0149] A plurality of wirings 112a, a plurality of wirings 112e, a plurality of contact plugs 112b, and a plurality of contact plugs 112f are provided in the insulating layer 112. Each contact plug 112b electrically connects the first electrode 121 to the wiring 112a. Each contact plug 112f electrically connects the third electrode 124 to the wiring 112e.

[0150] The plurality of third electrodes 124 are connected to the internal circuitry of the display device 101 via contact plugs 112 f, wiring 112 e, etc., and are set to a common constant potential. Specifically, when a voltage is applied to the OLED layer 122, the potential of the third electrodes 124 is set to be smaller than the sum of the potential of the second electrodes 123 and the threshold voltage for the OLED layer 122. As a result, even if a voltage is applied to the OLED layer 122 by the first electrodes 121 and the second electrodes 123, causing a leakage current from the first electrodes 121, the leakage current flows preferentially to the third electrodes 124. This prevents a leakage current from flowing from a first electrode 121 to an adjacent first electrode 121.

[0151] (Leakage Suppression Structure: Other Examples) In the first to seventh examples, the OLED layer 122 has two light-emitting units U1 and U2. However, the configuration of the OLED layer 122 is not limited to these examples, and the OLED layer 122 may have a single light-emitting unit U, or may have three or more light-emitting units U.

[0152] In the first to seventh examples, the light-emitting unit U1 and the charge generation layer 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 are cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portions 132b, 133b, 135b, 137b, and 13b1 and the grooves 13Gv (hereinafter referred to as "overhanging portions 132b and grooves 13Gv, etc."). However, the layers that are cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portions 132b and grooves 13Gv, etc. are not limited to these examples. For example, the hole injection layer 1221 or the hole transport layer 1222 included in the OLED layer 122 may be cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portions 132b and grooves 13Gv, etc., or both the hole injection layer 1221 and the hole transport layer 1222 included in the OLED layer 122 may be cut or made highly resistant by the overhanging portions 132b and grooves 13Gv, etc. When the OLED layer 122 has three or more light-emitting units U, two or more light-emitting units U and two or more charge generating layers 1227 included in the OLED layer 122 may be cut or made highly resistant by the protrusion 132b and the groove 13Gv, etc.

[0153] 6. Example of Resonator Structure The subpixel 10 included in the display device 101 according to an embodiment or the like may be configured to have a resonator structure that resonates light generated by the light-emitting element 12. The resonator structure will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the first surface of each layer may be referred to as the upper surface.

[0154] (Resonator Structure: First Example) Fig. 30A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a first example of a resonator structure. In the following description, when the light-emitting elements provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are referred to collectively without any particular distinction, these light-emitting elements may be referred to as light-emitting elements 12. When the light-emitting elements provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are referred to separately, these light-emitting elements may be referred to as light-emitting elements 12. Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ The portions of the OLED layer 122 corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are called the OLED layer 122 Ｒ , OLED layer 122 Ｇ , OLED layer 122 Ｂ This is what happens.

[0155] In the first example, the first electrode 121 is formed to have a common film thickness in each light emitting element 12. The same is true for the second electrode 123.

[0156] A reflector 71 is disposed below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, with an optical adjustment layer 72 sandwiched therebetween. A resonator structure that resonates the light generated by the OLED layer 122 is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. In the following description, the optical adjustment layers 72 provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are referred to as the optical adjustment layers 72. Ｒ , 72 Ｇ , 72 Ｂ This is what happens.

[0157] The reflector 71 is formed to have a common film thickness for each light-emitting element 12. The film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies depending on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixel. Ｒ , 72 Ｇ , 72 Ｂ By having different film thicknesses, it is possible to set the optical distance that produces the optimum resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0158] In the example shown in FIG. 30A, the light emitting element 12 Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 ＢAs described above, the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 differs depending on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixel, so the position of the upper surface of the second electrode 123 is aligned with the light emitting element 12. Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ It varies depending on the type of

[0159] The reflector 71 can be made of a metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu), or an alloy containing any of these as its main component.

[0160] The optical adjustment layer 72 is made of silicon nitride (SiN ｘ ), silicon oxide (SiO ｘ ), silicon oxynitride (SiO ｘ N ｙ The optical adjustment layer 72 may be formed using an inorganic insulating material such as acrylic resin or polyimide resin, or an organic resin material such as acrylic resin or polyimide resin. The optical adjustment layer 72 may be a single layer or a laminated film made of a plurality of these materials. The number of laminated layers may vary depending on the type of light-emitting element 12.

[0161] The first electrode 121 can be formed using a transparent conductive material such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), or zinc oxide (ZnO).

[0162] The second electrode 123 needs to function as a semi-transmissive reflective film. The second electrode 123 can be formed using magnesium (Mg) or silver (Ag), a magnesium-silver alloy (MgAg) containing these as main components, or an alloy containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.

[0163] (Resonator Structure: Second Example) FIG. 30B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a second example of the resonator structure.

[0164] In the second example, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are also formed to have the same film thickness in each light emitting element 12 .

[0165] Also in the second example, a reflector 71 is disposed below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, with an optical adjustment layer 72 sandwiched therebetween. A resonator structure that resonates the light generated by the OLED layer 122 is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. As in the first example, the reflector 71 is formed to have the same film thickness for each light-emitting element 12, and the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 differs depending on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixel.

[0166] In the first example shown in FIG. 30A, the light emitting element 12 Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ The upper surfaces of the reflectors 71 are aligned, and the upper surface of the second electrode 123 is positioned so that the light emitting element 12 Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ It differed depending on the type of

[0167] In contrast, in the second example shown in FIG. 30B, the upper surface of the second electrode 123 is Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ In order to align the upper surfaces of the second electrodes 123, the light emitting elements 12 Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ The upper surface of the reflector 71 is Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ Therefore, the lower surface of the reflector 71 (in other words, the upper surface of the base layer (insulating layer) 73) has a stepped shape according to the type of the light emitting element 12.

[0168] The materials constituting the reflector 71, the optical adjustment layer 72, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

[0169] (Cavity Resonator Structure: Third Example) Fig. 31A is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a third example of the cavity resonator structure. In the following description, the reflectors 71 provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are referred to as "reflectors 71" Ｒ , 71 Ｇ , 71 Ｂ This is what happens.

[0170] In the third example, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are also formed to have the same film thickness in each light emitting element 12 .

[0171] Also in the third example, a reflector 71 is disposed below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12, with an optical adjustment layer 72 sandwiched therebetween. A resonator structure that resonates the light generated by the OLED layer 122 is formed between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123. As in the first and second examples, the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 72 varies depending on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixel. As in the second example, the position of the upper surface of the second electrode 123 is located above the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12. Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ are arranged to align.

[0172] In the second example shown in FIG. 31B, the lower surface of the reflector 71 has a stepped shape according to the type of light emitting element 12 in order to align the upper surface of the second electrode 123 .

[0173] In contrast, in the third example shown in FIG. 31A, the film thickness of the reflector 71 is Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ More specifically, the reflector 71 is set to have a different reflecting surface depending on the type of the reflector 71. Ｒ , 71 Ｇ , 71 Ｂ The film thickness is set so that the bottom surfaces of the

[0174] The materials constituting the reflector 71, the optical adjustment layer 72, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

[0175] (Fourth Example of Resonator Structure) Fig. 31B is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a fourth example of the resonator structure. In the following description, the first electrodes 121 provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are referred to as first electrodes 121 Ｒ , 121 Ｇ , 121 Ｂ This is what happens.

[0176] 31A , the first electrodes 121 and second electrodes 123 of each light-emitting element 12 are formed to have the same film thickness. A reflector 71 is disposed below the first electrodes 121 of the light-emitting elements 12 with an optical adjustment layer 72 sandwiched therebetween.

[0177] In contrast, in the fourth example shown in FIG. 31B, the optical adjustment layer 72 is omitted, and the film thickness of the first electrode 121 is set to the same as that of the light emitting element 12 Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ The settings were different depending on the type of

[0178] The reflector 71 is formed to have a common thickness for each light-emitting element 12. The thickness of the first electrode 121 varies depending on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixel. Ｒ , 121 Ｇ , 121 Ｂ By having different film thicknesses, it is possible to set the optical distance that produces the optimum resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0179] The materials constituting the reflector 71, the optical adjustment layer 72, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

[0180] (Resonator Structure: Fifth Example) FIG. 32A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a fifth example of the resonator structure.

[0181] 30A , the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are formed to have the same film thickness in each light-emitting element 12. A reflector 71 is disposed below the first electrode 121 of the light-emitting element 12 with an optical adjustment layer 72 sandwiched therebetween.

[0182] 32A, the optical adjustment layer 72 is omitted, and instead, an oxide film 74 is formed on the surface of the reflector 71. The thickness of the oxide film 74 is Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ In the following description, the oxide films 74 provided corresponding to the sub-pixels 10R, 10G, and 10B are referred to as oxide films 74 Ｒ , 74Ｇ , 74 Ｂ This is what happens.

[0183] The thickness of the oxide film 74 varies depending on the color to be displayed by the sub-pixel. Ｒ , 74 Ｇ , 74 Ｂ By having different film thicknesses, it is possible to set the optical distance that produces the optimum resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed.

[0184] The oxide film 74 is a film obtained by oxidizing the surface of the reflector 71, and is made of, for example, aluminum oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, etc. The oxide film 74 functions as an insulating film for adjusting the optical path length (optical distance) between the reflector 71 and the second electrode 123.

[0185] Light-emitting element 12 Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ The oxide film 74, which has a thickness that varies depending on the type of material, can be formed, for example, as follows.

[0186] First, a container is filled with an electrolyte, and the substrate on which the reflector 71 is formed is immersed in the electrolyte. An electrode is disposed so as to face the reflector 71.

[0187] Then, a positive voltage is applied to the reflector 71 with the electrode as a reference, and the reflector 71 is anodized. The thickness of the oxide film formed by anodization is proportional to the voltage value applied to the electrode. Ｒ , 71 Ｇ , 71 Ｂ Anodic oxidation is performed while a voltage according to the type of light emitting element 12 is applied to each of the layers 71 and 72. This allows oxide films 74 with different thicknesses to be formed all at once.

[0188] The materials constituting the reflector 71, the first electrode 121 and the second electrode 123 are the same as those described in the first example, and therefore will not be described again.

[0189] (Resonator Structure: Sixth Example) FIG. 32B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a sixth example of the resonator structure.

[0190] In the sixth example, the light emitting element 12 is configured by laminating a first electrode 121, an OLED layer 122, and a second electrode 123. However, in the sixth example, the first electrode 121 is formed so as to function both as an electrode and a reflector. The first electrode (also serving as a reflector) 121 is formed so as to function as a light emitting element 12. Ｒ , 12 Ｇ , 12 Ｂ The first electrode (also serving as a reflector) 121 is formed of a material having an optical constant selected according to the type of color to be displayed. By varying the phase shift due to the first electrode (also serving as a reflector) 121, it is possible to set the optical distance that produces the optimum resonance for the wavelength of light according to the color to be displayed.

[0191] The first electrode (also serving as a reflector) 121 can be made of a single metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), or copper (Cu), or an alloy containing these as a main component. Ｒ First electrode (also serving as a reflector) 121 Ｒ is formed of copper (Cu), and the light emitting element 12 Ｇ First electrode (also serving as a reflector) 121 Ｇ and light-emitting element 12 Ｂ First electrode (also serving as a reflector) 121 Ｂ The insulating film 11 may be made of aluminum.

[0192] The material constituting the second electrode 123 is the same as that described in the first example, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted.

[0193] (Resonator Structure: Seventh Example) FIG. 33 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a seventh example of the resonator structure.

[0194] The seventh example is basically the same as the light emitting element 12 Ｒ , 12 Ｇ The sixth example is applied to the light emitting element 12 Ｂ In this configuration, the optical distance that generates the optimum resonance for the wavelength of light corresponding to the color to be displayed can also be set.

[0195] Light-emitting element 12 Ｒ , 12 Ｇ First electrode (also serving as a reflector) 121 used in Ｒ , 121Ｇ The electrode can be made of a single metal such as aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), gold (Au), or copper (Cu), or an alloy containing any of these as a main component.

[0196] Light-emitting element 12 Ｂ Reflector 71 used in Ｂ , optical adjustment layer 72 Ｂ and the first electrode 121 Ｂ The materials constituting the second embodiment are the same as those described in the first embodiment, and therefore will not be described here.

[0197] 7. Application Examples (Electronic Devices) The display device 101 according to an embodiment etc. may be provided in various electronic devices. The display device 101 according to an embodiment etc. is particularly suitable for eyewear devices such as head-mounted displays, or electronic viewfinders for video cameras or single-lens reflex cameras that require high resolution and are used in close proximity to the eyes with magnification.

[0198] 34A and 34B show an example of the appearance of a digital still camera 310. This digital still camera 310 is an interchangeable lens single-lens reflex type, and has an interchangeable taking lens unit (interchangeable lens) 312 located approximately in the center of the front of a camera main body 311, and a grip part 313 for the photographer to hold on the left side of the front.

[0199] A monitor 314 is provided at a position shifted to the left from the center of the back of the camera body 311. An electronic viewfinder (eyepiece window) 315 is provided above the monitor 314. By looking through the electronic viewfinder 315, the photographer can visually confirm the optical image of the subject guided by the photographing lens unit 312 and determine the composition. The electronic viewfinder 315 includes any one of the display devices 101 according to an embodiment.

[0200] 35 shows an example of the appearance of a head-mounted display 320. The head-mounted display 320 is an example of an eyewear device. The head-mounted display 320 has, for example, ear hooks 322 on both sides of a glasses-shaped display unit 321 for wearing on the user's head. The display unit 321 includes any one of the display devices 101 according to an embodiment, etc.

[0201] 36 shows an example of the appearance of a television device 330. This television device 330 has, for example, an image display screen unit 331 including a front panel 332 and a filter glass 333, and this image display screen unit 331 includes any one of the display devices 101 according to the embodiment.

[0202] 37 shows an example of the appearance of a see-through head mounted display 340. The see-through head mounted display 340 is an example of an eyewear device. The see-through head mounted display 340 includes a main body 341, an arm 342, and a lens barrel 343.

[0203] The main body 341 is connected to the arm 342 and the glasses 350. Specifically, an end of the long side of the main body 341 is coupled to the arm 342, and one side of the main body 341 is connected to the glasses 350 via a connecting member. The main body 341 may also be worn directly on the head of a human body.

[0204] The main body 341 incorporates a control board for controlling the operation of the see-through head mounted display 340 and a display unit. The arm 342 connects the main body 341 to the lens barrel 343 and supports the lens barrel 343. Specifically, the arm 342 is coupled to an end of the main body 341 and an end of the lens barrel 343, respectively, and fixes the lens barrel 343. The arm 342 also incorporates a signal line for communicating data related to images provided from the main body 341 to the lens barrel 343.

[0205] The lens barrel 343 projects image light provided from the main body 341 via the arm 342, through the eyepiece 351, toward the eyes of the user wearing the see-through head mounted display 340. In this see-through head mounted display 340, the display unit of the main body 341 includes any one of the display devices 101 according to an embodiment or the like.

[0206] 38 shows an example of the appearance of a smartphone 360. The smartphone 360 ​​includes a display unit 361 that displays various information, an operation unit 362 that includes buttons and the like that accept operation inputs from a user, and the like. The display unit 361 includes any one of the display devices 101 according to an embodiment and the like.

[0207] (Specific Example 6) The display device 101 according to an embodiment may be provided in various displays provided in vehicles.

[0208] 39A and 39B are diagrams showing an example of the internal configuration of a vehicle 500 equipped with various displays. Specifically, Fig. 39A is a diagram showing an example of the internal appearance of the vehicle 500 from the rear to the front of the vehicle 500, and Fig. 39B is a diagram showing an example of the internal appearance of the vehicle 500 from diagonally rear to diagonally front of the vehicle 500.

[0209] The vehicle 500 includes a center display 501, a console display 502, a head-up display 503, a digital rearview mirror 504, a steering wheel display 505, and a rear entertainment display 506. At least one of these displays includes any one of the display devices 101 according to an embodiment, etc. For example, all of these displays may include any one of the display devices 101 according to an embodiment, etc.

[0210] The center display 501 is disposed in a portion of the dashboard facing the driver's seat 508 and the passenger's seat 509. While FIGS. 39A and 39B show an example of a horizontally elongated center display 501 extending from the driver's seat 508 to the passenger's seat 509, the screen size and location of the center display 501 are arbitrary. The center display 501 can display information detected by various sensors. As a specific example, the center display 501 can display an image captured by an image sensor, a distance image to obstacles in front of or to the side of the vehicle 500 measured by a ToF sensor, the body temperature of a passenger detected by an infrared sensor, and the like. The center display 501 can be used to display, for example, at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, a life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information.

[0211] The safety-related information includes information such as detection of drowsiness, distraction, child mischief, whether a seatbelt is fastened, and whether a passenger has been abandoned. This information is detected, for example, by a sensor placed on the rear side of the center display 501. The operation-related information is obtained by detecting gestures related to passenger operations using a sensor. The detected gestures may include operations of various equipment within the vehicle 500. For example, operations of the air conditioning system, navigation system, AV system, lighting system, etc. are detected. The life log includes life logs of all passengers. For example, the life log includes a record of each passenger's actions while on board. By acquiring and saving the life log, the condition of the passenger at the time of the accident can be confirmed. The health-related information is obtained by detecting the passenger's body temperature using a sensor such as a temperature sensor, and inferring the passenger's health condition based on the detected body temperature. Alternatively, an image sensor may be used to capture an image of the passenger's face, and the passenger's health condition may be inferred from the facial expression in the image. Furthermore, the system may have an automated voice conversation with the occupant and estimate the occupant's health condition based on the occupant's responses. The authentication / identification-related information includes a keyless entry function that uses a sensor to perform facial authentication, a function that automatically adjusts seat height and position using facial recognition, etc. The entertainment-related information includes a function that uses a sensor to detect operation information of an AV device by the occupant, a function that recognizes the occupant's face using a sensor and provides content suitable for the occupant via the AV device, etc.

[0212] The console display 502 can be used to display, for example, life log information. The console display 502 is disposed near a shift lever 511 on a center console 510 between a driver's seat 508 and a passenger seat 509. Information detected by various sensors can also be displayed on the console display 502. Furthermore, the console display 502 may display an image of the vehicle's surroundings captured by an image sensor, or an image showing the distance to an obstacle around the vehicle.

[0213] The head-up display 503 is virtually displayed behind the windshield 512 in front of the driver's seat 508. The head-up display 503 can be used to display, for example, at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, a life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. Because the head-up display 503 is often virtually located in front of the driver's seat 508, it is suitable for displaying information directly related to the operation of the vehicle 500, such as the speed of the vehicle 500 and the remaining fuel (battery) level.

[0214] The digital rearview mirror 504 can not only display the rear of the vehicle 500 but also the status of passengers in the rear seats. Therefore, by placing a sensor on the back side of the digital rearview mirror 504, it can be used to display life log information, for example.

[0215] The steering wheel display 505 is disposed near the center of the steering wheel 513 of the vehicle 500. The steering wheel display 505 can be used to display, for example, at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, a life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. In particular, because the steering wheel display 505 is located near the driver's hands, it is suitable for displaying life log information such as the driver's body temperature, and for displaying information related to the operation of AV equipment, air conditioning equipment, etc.

[0216] The rear entertainment display 506 is attached to the back side of the driver's seat 508 and the passenger seat 509 and is intended for viewing by rear seat passengers. The rear entertainment display 506 can be used to display, for example, at least one of safety-related information, operation-related information, a life log, health-related information, authentication / identification-related information, and entertainment-related information. In particular, since the rear entertainment display 506 is located directly in front of the rear seat passengers, information related to the rear seat passengers is displayed on the rear entertainment display 506. For example, the rear entertainment display 506 may display information related to the operation of an AV device or an air conditioning system, or may display the results of measuring the body temperature of the rear seat passengers using a temperature sensor.

[0217] A sensor may be arranged on the rear surface of the display device 101 or the like, enabling distances to surrounding objects to be measured. Optical distance measurement methods are broadly divided into passive and active types. Passive methods measure distance by receiving light from an object without projecting light from the sensor onto the object. Passive methods include the lens focusing method, the stereo method, and the monocular vision method. Active methods measure distance by projecting light onto an object and receiving reflected light from the object with a sensor. Active methods include the optical radar method, the active stereo method, the photometric stereo method, the moire topography method, and the interferometry method. The display device 101 according to one embodiment or the like can be applied to any of these distance measurement methods. The above-described passive or active distance measurement can be performed by using a sensor arranged on the rear surface of the display device 101.

[0218] DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10R, 10G, 10B Subpixel 11 Drive substrate 111 Substrate 112 Insulating layer 113 Pad portion 114 Flexible printed wiring board 12 Light-emitting element 121 First electrode 122 OLED layer 123 Second electrode 13 Insulating layer 130 Opening 14 Protective layer 15 Planarization layer 16 Color filter 160R, 160G, 160B Colored layer 17 Lens array 170 Lens 18 Light-transmitting layer 181 First layer 182 Second layer 183 Third layer 101, 101A Display device 310 Digital still camera 320 Head-mounted display 330 Television device 340 See-through head-mounted display 360 Smartphone 500 Vehicle U1, U2 Light-emitting unit RE1 Display area RE11 Central region (first region) RE12 Peripheral region (second region) RE13 Intermediate region (third region) RE2 Peripheral region

Claims

1. A display device comprising: a plurality of light-emitting elements arranged in a display area; a plurality of focusing elements for focusing light emitted from each of the plurality of light-emitting elements; and a light-transmitting layer adjacent to the focusing surfaces of the plurality of focusing elements, wherein the display area has a first area and a second area located outside the first area, the centers of the focusing elements included in the second area are shifted toward the outer periphery of the display area with respect to the center of the light-emitting area of ​​the light-emitting elements in a planar view, and the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the second area is higher than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer in the first area.

2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the light transmitting layer includes a first layer adjacent to the focusing surface of the focusing element included in the first region, and a second layer adjacent to the focusing surface of the focusing element included in the second region, and the refractive index of the second layer is higher than the refractive index of the first layer.

3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the second layer covers the first layer.

4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the second layer has a convex curved surface on the side opposite to the light emitting element side.

5. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the first layer covers the second layer.

6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein the first layer has a concavely curved surface on the side opposite to the light emitting element.

7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the light-collecting surface of the light-collecting element has a convex shape on a side opposite to the light-emitting element.

8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the light-collecting surface of the light-collecting element has a convex shape facing the light-emitting element.

9. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the first layer has a substantially circular shape in a plan view.

10. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the second layer surrounds the first layer in a plan view.

11. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the height of the light-collecting elements included in the second region is lower than the height of the light-collecting elements included in the first region.

12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a deviation D between the center of the light-emitting region in the second region and the center of the light-collecting element is greater than 1 / 2 the pitch of the light-emitting elements.

13. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter provided above the plurality of light-emitting elements.

14. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the plurality of light-collecting elements is higher than the refractive index of the light-transmitting layer.

15. An electronic device comprising the display device according to claim 1.

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