Enhancing carbon dioxide adsorption and desorption device

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, the device comprising: a) at least one adsorbent carrier; b) a CO2 adsorbent adhered to the at least one adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent comprising a particulate polymer material having primary amino functionality; and c) a heating system thermally connected to the carrier for supplying or removing thermal energy to the adsorbent, wherein the heating system comprises a primary heat source and a secondary heat source, wherein the primary heat source comprises a heat transfer fluid and the secondary heat source comprises at least one heat dissipating device adapted to distribute heat to the at least one adsorbent carrier.

Description

[0001] Enhancing Carbon Dioxide adsorption and desorption device

[0002] Field of the invention

[0003] The present disclosure provides an apparatus for capturing Carbon Dioxide (CO2), using an adsorbent material arranged in an adsorbent device from ambient air or other gas streams, and for releasing a CO2 enriched stream where said apparatus comprises a water heating system for heating the adsorbent material.

[0004] Background

[0005] Capture of carbon dioxide (CO2) for sequestration and / or for commercial use is an ongoing area of interest.

[0006] Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a versatile compound with various applications across different industries. While it is primarily known for its role in contributing to climate change as a greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide has several practical uses. Its major applications include the use in the beverage industry to create carbonated drinks like sodas, sparkling water, and beer; in fire suppression systems; where it is commonly used in fire extinguishers and fire suppression systems for electrical equipment and flammable liquid fires; food preservation, where it is used in food processing and packaging to extend the shelf life of certain products; as a shielding gas in welding and metal fabrication processes; enhanced oil recovery, chemical and biological processes where it is utilized as raw material in the production of various chemicals or for the growth of plants; pH regulation in water treatment processes, swimming pools, and aquaria; and in medical procedures, such as laparoscopic surgery, as a respiratory stimulant, and medical imaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET).

[0007] Methods for capturing CO2 from different gas streams, such as natural gas, biogas, or flue gas from power plants and other industrial sources, are well known, and typically operate through large scale liquid-liquid scrubbing CO2 techniques, which allow for carbon capture and storage technologies. In addition to capture of CO2 at such point sources, such as power plants, direct capture of CO2 from air can also potentially be valuable. However, direct air capture of CO2 can pose a variety of challenges. In a typical adsorption-based carbon capture system, the adsorbent material selectively captures CO2 from a gas stream. Over time, the adsorbent becomes saturated with CO2 and needs to be regenerated to release the captured CO2 and restore its adsorption capacity. The desorption of CO2 from the adsorbent is often done by heating the adsorbent.

[0008] During desorption the CO2-loaded adsorbent is subjected to elevated temperatures, typically between 100 to 300 degrees Celsius. There a different way of heating the adsorbent. A stream enriched in carbon dioxide may then be collected and used for a desired application. Usually, the heating is performed by heating systems with complicated structural designs that require a high amount of energy.

[0009] There is hence a need for a more efficient and cost-effective method for capturing CO2 and desorption of CO2 from the adsorbent.

[0010] Summary of the Invention

[0011] Accordingly, in an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, the device comprising: a) at least one adsorbent carrier; b) a CO2 adsorbent adhered to the at least one adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent comprising a particulate polymer material having primary amino functionality; and c) a heating system thermally connected to the carrier for supplying or removing thermal energy to the adsorbent, wherein the heating system comprises a primary heat source and at least one secondary heat source, wherein the primary heat source comprises a heat transfer fluid and the secondary heat source comprises at least one heat dissipating device adapted to distribute heat to the at least one adsorbent carrier.

[0012] The basic aspect of this application provides a device for heating a CO2 capture device in order to separate carbon dioxide from an adsorbent and to regenerate the adsorbent at relatively low temperature.

[0013] In the desorption step, the use of a thermally conductive material, such as aluminium or stainless steel, as an adsorbent carrier allows for a rapid and uniform heating of the attached adsorbent. This can help to release the captured carbon dioxide from the adsorbent bed quickly and efficiently.

[0014] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, the method comprising: a. providing a device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, ,the device comprising: at least one adsorbent carrier; a CO2 adsorbent adhered to the at least one adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent comprising a particulate polymer material having primary amino functionality; and a heating system thermally connected to the carrier for supplying or removing thermal energy to the adsorbent, wherein the heating system comprises a primary heat source and at least one secondary heat source, wherein the primary heat source comprises a heat transfer fluid and the secondary heat source comprises at least one heat dissipating device adapted to distribute heat to the at least one adsorbent carrier; and b. heating the adsorbent carrier for dissipating thermal energy to and from the device. c. conducting adsorption or desorption of CO2.

[0015] In another aspect, there is provided an apparatus or system comprising one or more devices for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source according to the above aspects , the apparatus or system comprising a gas tight enclosure or housing, at least one or more air ventilation units, and at least two valves to direct the gas flows to and from the apparatus, where the one or more devices for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, are mounted inside the gas tight enclosure.

[0016] In an aspect, there is provided a use of the device according to the aspects above for desorption of CO2 from an adsorbent having a primary amino-functionality.

[0017] Using a heating system based on thermal conductivity allows for efficient heat transfer, enabling effective thermal exchange between the heat source and the adsorbent. This efficiency reduces energy waste by minimizing heat losses during the transfer process.

[0018] Brief Summary of the Drawings

[0019] The disclosure may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the disclosure in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0020] Fig. 1 is perspective view of a device of the present invention. Fig. 2 is an illustration of the heat sink element and the metal adsorbent carrier in accordance with the present invention.

[0021] Fig. 3 is a representation of a magnified section of the device of the present invention showing the heat sink element 10 with a body 2 and brackets 3, and a fluid conduits system 4.

[0022] Detailed description

[0023] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, properties such as molecular weight, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about." Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present disclosure. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0024] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.

[0025] Reference throughout this specification to "one embodiment," "certain embodiments," "one or more embodiments" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases such as "in one or more embodiments," "in certain embodiments," "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment of the invention. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0026] Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the method and apparatus of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention include modifications and variations that are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0027] The present invention provides an adsorption device that efficiently removes Carbon dioxide (CO?) from a gaseous stream using a primary amine- functional adsorbent material adhered to a carrier material. The filter may comprise a plurality of carriers in a parallel or otherwise suitable configuration, whereby the carrier offers a high surface area for adherence of the adsorbents, such as advantageously a honeycomb structure. Herein each carrier material may comprise a plurality of channels extending through the material. These channels in the carrier allow a fluid stream to flow through the filter with minimal pressure drop, whereby CO2 is removed by the primary amine functional adsorbent material layers disposed on top of the carrier material.

[0028] Adsorbent Carrier

[0029] The term "carrier" is interchangeably used with the term "adsorbent carrier" or "carrier sheet" or "carrier material". The adsorbent carrier, also referred to as carrier, is a carrier material for supporting the adsorbent particles employed to hold and distribute adsorbent particles. The carrier sheet provides a supportive surface or surface matrix that securely holds the adsorbent particles while allowing for efficient adsorption and / or desorption.

[0030] The specific design and material selection of the carrier sheet depend on the nature of the adsorbent particles, and the required performance parameters. The carrier sheet is hence chosen to facilitate an efficient adsorption / desorption process, by securely holding and distributing adsorbent particles, and by supporting optimal contact with the gas flow being treated.

[0031] The carrier sheet (adsorbent carrier) may comprise thermally conductive material, such as metal, and / or a polymer sheet.

[0032] The carrier sheet, preferably comprises a thermally conductive material, such as metal , a plate material, or a metal plate material. The metal plate material can be stainless steel, aluminium, or copper and alloys thereof. Additional examples of thermally conductive metal plate materials suitable as adsorbent carriers include brass, bronze, titanium, nickel, silver, and alloys thereof and certain alloys like Inconel and Monel.

[0033] In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier comprises a thermally conductive material that is metal, such as aluminium.

[0034] These carrier materials offer a combination of dimensional stability, strength, flexibility, and allow for effective adsorbent particle retention, and good and fluid flow.

[0035] Preferably, a carrier is chosen to combine particle retention, structural support and uniform distribution and uniform pressure drop with the ability to provide the heat required for desorption.

[0036] For the particle retention, the carrier preferably is configured to securely hold the adsorbent particles in place, and prevents particles from escaping or being carried away by the fluid or gas flow passing through the system. The design of the carrier is such that it results in a low pressure drop compared to the amount of sorbent attached to the carrier. The carrier is also advantageously configured to allow for a homogenous distribution of adsorbent particles across its surface. This uniform or homogenous distribution maximizes the contact area between the particles and the gas flow, enhancing the adsorption / desorption efficiency. Finally, the carrier is preferably configured to provide structural integrity to the adsorbent particles, especially in applications where they may undergo mechanical stress or pressure. It helps maintain the integrity of the particle bed during handling, transport, or fluid flow. In an embodiment, the adsorbent carrier is made of thermally conductive material, such as metal.

[0037] In an embodiment, the device of the present invention comprises a plurality of adsorbent carriers, wherein each adsorbent carrier is positioned on top of another adsorbent carrier forming a stack and wherein within this stack the heat sink elements are positioned in alternating manner.

[0038] Particulate Adsorbent

[0039] As used herein, the term "adsorbent" refers to a material that can adhere gas molecules, ions, or other species within its structure (e.g., removal of CO2 from air). The terms "adsorbent" and "sorbent" are used herein interchangeably. The term "Direct Air capture" or "DAC" used herein refers to technologies that extract carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the atmosphere. The sorbent of the present invention is adapted to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air.

[0040] The adsorbent material is selected to have a high affinity for carbon dioxide (CO2), such as amine-based adsorbent materials, more specifically for Direct Air Capture (DAC). The filtered gas is then discharged from the filter unit. The filter unit is designed to receive a flow of a gas stream containing CO2. The gas flows through the channels of the filter unit and is captured by the adsorbent material. The filtered gas is then discharged from the filter unit. Preferably, a primary amine-functionalised adsorbent material is employed. The adsorbent layers thus preferably comprise at least one primary amine adsorbent selected from the group consisting of amino-functionalized silica, polyethyleneimine, and activated carbon modified with primary amines.

[0041] The adsorbent material typically takes the form of adsorbent particles, adsorbent powder, a porous monolithic structure, or the form of an essentially contiguous adsorbent layer on a solid support carrier structure, or a combination thereof.

[0042] The amine moieties in the a-carbon position are preferably substituted by two hydrogen substituents or one hydrogen and one alkyl group (preferably having up to ten carbon atoms, preferably selected as methyl or ethyl) which can be linear or branched and can contain further amino moieties in the branching, or two alkyl groups (preferably having up to ten carbon atoms, preferably selected as methyl or ethyl) which can be linear or branched and can contain further amino moieties in the branching , or one hydrogen and an amino group, or one hydrogen and alkyl amino moieties where the alkyl group (up to ten carbon atoms, preferably methyl or ethyl) can be linear or branched and contain further amino moieties in the branching, preferably the adsorbent material comprises primary and / or secondary benzylamine moieties. Most preferably the carbon dioxide capture moieties of the adsorbent material consist of primary benzylamine moieties.

[0043] The solid support of the adsorbent material can be a porous or non-porous material based on an organic and / or inorganic material, preferably a polymer material. Preferably this is selected from the group of linear or branched, cross-linked or uncross-linked polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane, acrylate-based polymers, polyacrylonitrile or combinations thereof, wherein preferably the polymer material is poly(styrene) or poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) based, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the adsorbent material is based on a polystyrene material, preferably cross-linked polystyrene material and most preferably poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene), which is at least partially functionalized with (primary or secondary) amino moieties or contains benzylamine moieties, preferably throughout the material or at least or only on its surface. The material or the functionalization can for instance be obtained by amido-methylation, or phthalimide or chloromethylation reaction pathways, or a combination thereof.

[0044] The primary and / or secondary amine moieties can also be part of a polyethyleneimine structure, preferably obtained using aziridine, which is preferably chemically and / or physically attached to a solid support.

[0045] Particularly preferred adsorbents are bead-shaped polymeric adsorbents with a primary amino functionality. Such materials are for instance known as ion exchange resins. They are preferably designed to selectively adsorb CO2 molecules from the air, allowing for their separation and subsequent capture. The adsorptive capacity and selectivity of the resin are key factors for effective CO2 capture from ambient air. The adsorbents typically possess a high affinity for CO2, enabling efficient capture even at low concentrations. They are preferably highly functionalized with amine groups and / or other chemically reactive sites that facilitate CO2 adsorption. These functional groups attract and bind with the CO2 molecules, effectively removing them from the surrounding air.

[0046] The adsorbent material, preferably in porous form, and having specific BET surface area, in the range of 0.5 to 4000 m2 / g or 1 to 2000 m2 / g, preferably 1 to 1000 m2 / g, preferably takes the form of a layer or a plurality of layers of solid particles. The adsorbent material according to yet another preferred embodiment takes the form of preferably essentially spherical beads with a particle size (D50) in the range of 0.002 to 4 mm, preferably of from 0.01 tol.5 mm.

[0047] In the present direct air capture (DAC) systems, large volumes of air are drawn into contact with the Particulate Adsorbent layers. The adsorption process is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and the composition of the air. Lower temperatures and higher humidity levels can enhance the adsorption performance of the resin, while higher temperatures and lower humidity levels can affect its efficiency. Thus, operating conditions must be carefully controlled to maximize CO2 capture.

[0048] Once the adsorbent becomes saturated with CO2, it needs to be regenerated to release the captured CO2 and restore its adsorption capacity. The regeneration process typically involves the application of heat or changes in pressure or gas composition to desorb the CO2 from the adsorbent. The released CO2 can then be collected, purified, and potentially used for various purposes, including carbon sequestration or utilization.

[0049] A particularly suitable adsorbent for the present process and device is a polymeric particular adsorbent having a primary amino functionality at a total capacity of at least 2.0 eq. / l, a surface area (BET) in the range of from 25 to 75 m2 / g, and an average pore diameter of 1 to 200 nm, more preferably of from 5 to 150 nm. The surface area may preferably be determined according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) Surface Area Determination— Test Method-BS 4359-1:1996 (ISO 9277:1). The total capacity and other properties may preferably be determined according to test method ASTM D2187-94.

[0050] A particularly preferred adsorbent is a free base amine bead functionalized with the primary amine benzylamine and supported on a porous polyester structure crosslinked with divinyl benzene. The adsorbent preferably is in the form of spherical beads, which are functionalised with benzyl amine groups. The polymeric matrix hence comprises crosslinked polystyrene. It preferably has an activity expressed as total capacity of at least 2 eq. / l, more preferably at least 2.1 and yet more preferably at least 2.2. It preferably has a uniformity coefficient of at most 1.9, more preferably at most 1.8.

[0051] The beads preferably have a size in the range of from 0.25 to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 1.3 mm, for at least 85% of the particles present. The adsorbent preferably has a bulk density of 600 g / l to 720 g / l, with a variation of + / _5%- The water retention rate preferably is in the range of from 60 to 75 wt. %, more preferably in the rage of from 65 to 70 wt. %. The adsorbent surface area (BET) preferably is in the range of from 30 to 65 m2 / g, more preferably 40 to 60, and most preferably 45 to 55 m2 / g. The pore volume preferably is in the range of from 0.2 to 0.4 cm3 / gm. The adsorbent preferably has an average pore diameter of 25 nm. Another particularly preferred adsorbent is a particulate macroporous polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene, in the form of Spherical Beads and functionalised with primary amine groups. This adsorbent preferably has a total capacity of 2 eq / L; a moisture retention in the range of from 60 - 66 %; a particle size in the range of from 300 - 1200 pm, a fine content of < 300 pm of maximally 1 %; and a uniformity coefficient of at most 1.7. The adsorbent preferably has a bulk density of 670 - 710 g / L.

[0052] Adhesion to Carrier The particulate adsorbent is adhered or bonded to the adsorbent carrier material by physical mechanisms or by chemical bonding, or a combination thereof.

[0053] Physical mechanisms may include sintering, compression adhesion, or other kinds of a mechanical entrapment. Chemical mechanisms include processes like adhesive bonding, electrostatic attraction, or covalent bonding. The chosen method ensures a strong and durable bond between the carrier and adsorbent, to prevent the adsorbent particles from dislodging or migrating during the ad- and desorption process.

[0054] Various different binders may be employed to adhere the particles to the carrier. These binders are typically substances used to adhere or bond particles to a surface, providing cohesion and stability to the particle matrix whereby. The bunder provides adhesion, durability, and mechanical properties.

[0055] Various types of binders may advantageously be employed in the present application. These include thermosetting or thermoplastic polymeric binders, formulated as adhesive compositions. Thermoplastic polymers, such as polyvinyl acetates, polyolefins or acrylics soften when heated, and allow particles to be embedded and adhere to the surface. Thermosetting polymers, such as epoxy, phenolic, urea-formaldehyde or polyester resins, undergo a chemical cross-linking reaction upon curing with a curing agent, resulting in a strong and permanent bond. These can be blended with particles and then cured to form a durable and rigid composite material, having excellent adhesion, chemical resistance, and mechanical strength.

[0056] Further useful adhesive compositions include binders designed specifically for bonding particles to a surface, comprising liquid adhesives, hot melt adhesives, or pressure-sensitive adhesives.

[0057] Furthermore, inorganic binders, such as cementitious or sol-gel binders may be advantageously applied. These include gypsum or concrete. Cementitious binders chemically react with water to form a solid matrix, providing a strong bond with particles and the substrate; whereas sol-gel binders are formed by the hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxides or metal salts, and are often used in providing thin films to adhere particles to a surface.

[0058] Other than liquid compositions or solid pressure sensitive adhesives, useful binders also include powdered materials used to agglomerate or consolidate the particles. These include cellulosic or polymeric binders that can be added to the adsorbent particles, and then create a bonded material by application of heat or curing mechanisms.

[0059] The selection of the appropriate binder depends on factors such as compatibility with the particles and carrier surface, wetting, retained porosity, and other desired properties such as flexibility, hardness, chemical resistance, curing conditions, and environmental considerations, and are preferably chosen to ensure optimal adhesion and performance of the particle-binder system.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, the adsorbent is present in an amount in the range of 50 to 90% by weight and the binder is present in an amount in the range of 10 to 40% by weight.

[0061] In a further embodiment, the adsorption matrix formed is effective to provide an increased hardness reduction as compared to a comparative bed media that comprises an adsorbent in bead form that is not immobilized by a binder. Another embodiment is the adsorption matrix is effective to provide lower pressure drop as compared to a comparative bed media that comprises an adsorbent in bead form that is not immobilized by a binder.

[0062] Gas Adsorbent Unit

[0063] A filter with a carrier material that has a particulate adsorbent adhered or bonded to it is a type of filtration system designed to remove specific contaminants from a fluid or gas stream. The carrier material serves as a support structure, while the particulate adsorbent provides the active adsorption capacity.

[0064] The carrier material can be made of various substances, including metals, polymers, or fibrous materials, as will be set out in detail below. Its primary function is to provide mechanical strength and stability to the filter, as well as to transfer heat to and from the adsorbent. The carrier may be in the form of a mesh, fabric, foam, or solid structure, depending on the specific application requirements.

[0065] The particulate adsorbent, on the other hand, is responsible for capturing and retaining CO2. It is typically composed of granules, particles, or fibres that possess a high affinity for CO2. The adsorbent material can vary depending on the nature of the gas flow, and may include amine functionalised polymer beads, as well as activated carbon, zeolites, silica gel, or other specialty resins with specific chemical functionalities. When the fluid or gas stream passes over and / or through the filter, CO2 comes into contact with the adsorbent material. The adsorbent's surface chemistry and porosity allow it to attract and retain the CO2 through adsorption mechanisms including chemical bonding and physical interactions. As a result, the CO2 is effectively removed from the gas stream, resulting in an effluent reduced in CO2. By periodically regenerating the adsorbent media, an effluent enriched in CO2 is attained, which may further be pressurized or directly employed. In this manner, a continuous alternating process can be maintained, allowing for consistent CO2 and humidity removal from ambient air, and supplying a gas stream enriched in CO2.

[0066] Adsorbent Device Heating system

[0067] The filter unit may comprise a heating system in thermal contact with the stacked plates to enhance the capture and release of carbon dioxide (CO2). This heating element is configured to heat the adsorbent bed to a desired temperature range. The heating element may be powered by renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind energy.

[0068] After the adsorbent captures CO2, it needs to be regenerated or cleaned to release the captured CO2 and restore its capacity for further adsorption. By applying heat, the CO2 molecules are desorbed from the primary amine-functionalized adsorbent, allowing for their capture and separation for subsequent use or disposal.

[0069] The heating system of the present invention may be connected to or integrated with the adsorbent carrier in order to heat the amine-functionalized adsorbent that is bonded to the adsorbent carrier.

[0070] The heating system of the present invention allows for an optimization of the desorption process, in particular the speed of the desorption process. Temperature plays a crucial role in optimizing the overall CO2 capture process. By carefully controlling the heating of the amine-functionalized adsorbent, the desorption kinetics, energy requirements, and overall system efficiency can be optimized. This allows for better process control, higher CO2 capture rates, and improved overall performance.

[0071] The heating system of the present invention comprises a primary and a secondary heat source.

[0072] The primary heat source may comprise a system of fluid conduits, where the system of fluid conduits is a network of pipes that carries the fluid and designed to facilitate the transfer of heat through a heat transfer fluid. The heat transfer fluid can be gas or liquid, in a preferred embodiment the heat transfer fluid is a liquid, in a more preferred embodiment the heat transfer fluid is water.

[0073] The secondary heat source may comprise one or more heat dissipating devices. The heat dissipating device can be a heat sink element with an increased surface area and made of metal. The heat sink element is also referred herein as "heat sink", the two terms are used interchangeably. The heat sink element acts as passive heat exchanger that transfers the heat generated by the fluid conduits to the adsorbent carrier that is made of a thermally conductive material, such as metal. This allows for rapid and uniform heating of the attached adsorbent. The heat sink element can have a body made of thermally conductive material, such as metal. Examples of thermally conductive materials suitable for heat sink is aluminium, copper, stainless steel brass, brass, bronze, titanium, nickel, silver, and alloys thereof and certain alloys like Inconel and Monel, more preferably aluminium. Further, the heat sink element has at least one bracket that can be a round bracket with a diameter d, preferably two brackets, extending from the body and maintaining parallel orientation to the heat sink's body.

[0074] Other suitable shapes for brackets can include square, rectangular, L-shaped, U-shaped, T- shaped, V-shaped, or custom geometric shapes, depending on the specific design requirements and application needs. Although a round bracket has been exemplified, the invention is not limited to this shape.

[0075] The body of the heat sink element can have a rectangular shape with a primary surface. Other body shapes are also envisaged, depending on the specific design requirements and application needs.

[0076] The bracket or the brackets may be connected to the body forming a single piece heat sink element. The at least one bracket can be an integral part of the heat sink element forming a one-piece construction with the body and thus made of the same material as the heat sink, as shown in Fig. 2. Herein the term "one-piece" means a single piece. The brackets 3 are not a separate or detachable components and they extends from the body 2 of the heat sink element 10. This one-piece construction ensures a high level of stability, strength, and thermal efficiency, as there are no joints or interfaces that could impede heat transfer or compromise structural integrity.

[0077] The heat sink of the present invention may have one or more brackets, preferably two brackets, extending from the heat sink's body horizontally forming a single piece construction with the body. The two brackets can be round brackets, each having diameter d, more preferably round clamp brackets. Each round clamp brackets can be constructed as a single monolithic or uniform piece. The single piece round clamp bracket can be free from any additional elements and is made of metal, such as aluminium.

[0078] Each bracket of the heat sink may have two functions:

[0079] 1) it serves for securely fastening the heat sink to the conduit / pipe, more specifically the bracket is a clamping or mounting mechanism designed to fit around the conduit / pipe of the fluid conduit system.

[0080] 2) It helps to provide a solid and efficient thermal connection between the fluid conduit system and the heat sink;

[0081] Fluid, such as water may flow through the fluid conduit, acting as a heat transfer medium or heat transfer fluid. The fluid conduit, which is in direct contact (i.e. a process where heat is transferred directly from one material to another through physical contact, primarily via conduction) with the heat transfer fluid, is connected to the heat sink. The heat transfer fluid conducts its heat to the heat sink by direct contact and through the bracket. The bracket helps facilitate a close contact between the conduit and the heat sink, allowing for efficient heat transfer by utilizing thermal conduction. The heat sink, designed to have a large surface area, absorbs the heat transferred from the water. The heat is conducted through the heat sink's material that is metal, preferably copper or aluminium, more preferably aluminium, spreading it across the heat sink's surface. The heat absorbed by the heat sink is then distributed to the adsorbent carrier and the adsorbent. This is achieved through physical contact between the adsorbent carrier and the heat sink.

[0082] The adsorbent carriers of the present invention can be made of the metal plates that are arranged one on top of another forming a stack. The adsorbent carriers have a large surface area, which speeds up the adsorption by ensuring an efficient fluid flow and low pressure drop.

[0083] In an embodiment, the primary heat source comprises a system of fluid conduits configured to transfer heat to the heat dissipating device.

[0084] In an embodiment, the secondary heat source comprises the at least one heat dissipating device wherein the heat dissipating device comprises at least one heat sink element. In an embodiment, the at least one heat dissipating device comprises at least one heat sink element having a body and at least one bracket, where the at least one bracket extends from the body and forms a one-piece construction with the body of the heat sink element.

[0085] In an embodiment, the heat sink element has two integral brackets extending from the body and forming a uniform one-piece construction with the body of the heat sink element.

[0086] In an embodiment, wherein the brackets are round clamp brackets each being constructed as a single uniform piece.

[0087] In an embodiment, the at least one heat dissipating device comprises a plurality of heat sink elements.

[0088] In an embodiment, the heat sink elements of the stack are attached to the system of fluid conduits through the brackets, wherein the system of fluid conduits comprises a first system of fluid conduits and a second system of fluid conduits, the first and second fluid conduit systems being positioned externally on opposite sides of the stack, forming a dual-sided conduit system and being in fluid communication with each other, where the dual sided conduit system comprises at least one interconnected channel that traverses across an outer surface of the stack.

[0089] The device of the present invention comprises a plurality of adsorbent carriers and a plurality of heat sink elements arranged in an alternating fashion as shown in Fig. 3. This means that the device is structured with a pattern of adsorbent carriers and heat sink elements that alternate with each other, where each heat sink element is in thermal connection with one adsorbent carrier. The alternating arrangement ensures that heat generated by the system is efficiently transferred from the heat sink elements to the adsorbent carriers. These heat sink elements are specifically designed to dissipate the heat into the adsorbent carriers heating the adsorbent. The heat sink elements of each stack are attached through the brackets 3 to the fluid conduits 4. Further, the stack may have an external frame structure.

[0090] The stack of metal carriers or adsorbent carriers may be arranged in an alternating manner with heat sink elements where two or more stacks made this way, can be juxtaposed next to each other and where the individual stacks align in parallel.

[0091] Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, where the device for capturing CO2 comprises a first stack 5a of adsorbent carriers 1 and heat sink elements 2, a second stack 5b of adsorbent carriers 1 and heat sink element 2, a first fluid conduits system 4a, a second fluid conduits system 4b, brackets 3 of the heat sink element 2. The heat sink 2 has two integral brackets 3 for fastening and thermal connection.

[0092] The system of fluid conduits comprises a first system 4a of fluid conduits and a second system 4b of fluid conduits, both being positioned externally or outside the stack. Each system of fluid conduits comprises a series of conduits being in fluid communication with each other and positioned externally on one side of the stack and attached to the stack by the brackets 3 of the heat sink elements 2. The first 4a and second fluid 4b conduit systems are positioned on the two opposite sides of the stacks (5a, 5b), forming a dual-sided conduit system and being in fluid communication with each other, where the dual-sided conduit system comprises interconnected conduit 6 that traverses across the outer top surface of the stacks.

[0093] Here the term "externally" is used to indicate something situated or positioned outside or on the outer surface of the stack.

[0094] Fig. 2 shows a heat sink element 10 with a body 2 and two brackets 3 integrally attached to the heat sink element forming a one-piece construction and extending from the body 2, and a adsorbent carrier 1.

[0095] Fig. 3 shows the attachment of the fluid conduits 4 to the brackets 3 of the heat sink element 2.

[0096] The adsorbent carriers of the present invention comprise a thermally conductive material such as metal, more preferably aluminium. This allows a rapid and uniform heating of the attached adsorbent.

[0097] Thermal conduction and heat sink systems are relatively simple in design and operation, leading to enhanced system reliability. The heating system of the present invention functions at relatively low temperature, i.e. in the range of from 85 °C to 120 °C. For example, the operational temperature of the heating system can be in the range of 85°C to 115°C, or from 90°C to 115°C, or in the range of from 90 °C to 110 °C, or in the range of from 95 °C to 105 °C, resulting in low-cost heating, simple equipment and improved energy efficiency. Since the conduits of the fluid conduits system are positioned externally or outside the stacks this results in a simplified installation and maintenance, namely external conduits are often easier to install and maintain compared to internal systems. The accessibility of external conduits simplifies installation, repairs, and maintenance tasks. This results in lower installation costs and easier troubleshooting or upgrades down the line. The heating system of the present invention ensures a fast heating of the adsorbent material and solves the problem of low desorption speed. Further, the large surface of the adsorbent carrier ensures a high adsorption of the CO2.

[0098] Using thermal conduction and a heat sink allows for efficient transfer of heat to the adsorbent material with minimal energy consumption. The heat generated from a heat source is conducted through a solid medium, such as a metal plate or a heat pipe, which maximizes the surface area in contact with the adsorbent. This efficient heat transfer ensures that a significant amount of heat is absorbed by the adsorbent, promoting effective adsorption and desorption processes.

[0099] Method

[0100] Therein, the adsorption process takes place at ambient atmospheric conditions at which air is streamed through the adsorbent material and a portion of the CO2 contained in the air is chemically bound at the surface of amine functionalized adsorbents. During the subsequent desorption, the material is heated by the heating system of the present invention and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide surrounding the adsorbent is reduced by applying a vacuum or exposing the adsorbent to a purge gas flow. Thereby, the previously captured carbon dioxide is removed from the adsorbent material and obtained in a concentrated form.

Claims

Claims1. A device for alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, the device comprising: a) at least one adsorbent carrier; b) a CO2 adsorbent adhered to the at least one adsorbent carrier, the adsorbent comprising a particulate polymer material having primary amino functionality; and c) a heating system thermally connected to the carrier for supplying or removing thermal energy to the adsorbent, wherein the heating system comprises a primary heat source and a secondary heat source, wherein the primary heat source comprises a heat transfer fluid and the secondary heat source comprises at least one heat dissipating device adapted to distribute heat to the at least one adsorbent carrier.

2. The device according to Claim 1, wherein the primary heat source comprises a system of fluid conduits configured to transfer heat to the heat dissipating device.

3. The device according to Claim 2, wherein the at least one heat dissipating device comprises at least one heat sink element having a body and at least one bracket, where the at least one bracket extends from the body and forms a one-piece construction with the body of the heat sink element.

4. The device according to Claim 3, wherein the heat sink element has two integral brackets extending from the body and forming a uniform one-piece construction with the body of the heat sink element.

5. The device according to Claim 4, wherein the brackets are round clamp brackets each being constructed as a single uniform piece.

6. The device according to Claim 3 or 4, wherein the at least one heat dissipating device comprises a plurality of heat sink elements.

7. The device according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the adsorbent carrier comprises a thermally conductive material, such as metal.

8. The device according to Claim 5, comprising a plurality of adsorbent carriers where each adsorbent carrier is positioned on top of another adsorbent carrier forming a stack and where within this stack the heat sink elements are positioned in alternating manner.

9. The device according to Claim 6, wherein the heat sink elements of the stack are attached to the system of fluid conduits through the brackets.

10. The device according to Claim 6, wherein the system of fluid conduits comprises a first system of fluid conduits and a second system of fluid conduits, the first and second fluid conduit systems being positioned externally on opposite sides of the stack, forming a dualsided conduit system and being in fluid communication with each other, where the dual sided conduit system comprises at least one interconnected channel that traverses across an outer surface of the stack.

11. An apparatus comprising one or more devices according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a gas tight enclosure or housing, at least one or more air ventilation units, and at least two valves to direct the gas flows to and from the apparatus, where the one or more devices according to any one of claims 1 to 9, are mounted inside the gas tight enclosure.

12. A method for the alternating CO2 adsorption and desorption from a gaseous source, the method comprising: a. providing a device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, or an apparatus according to claim 11, and b. heating the adsorbent carrier for dissipating thermal energy to and from the device. c. conducting adsorption or desorption of CO2.

13. Use of a device, according to any one of Claims 1-10, for desorption of CO2 from an adsorbent having a primary amino-functionality.

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