Charged particle source

Abstract

The claimed charged particle source relates to the field of producing a stream of electrically charged particles of a substance without using high-voltage sources. The charged particle source is configured in the form of an inner hollow cylinder and an outer hollow cylinder arranged with a gap therebetween, and a means for organizing a flow of air containing particles of a substance along the surfaces of said cylinders. The flow of air is directed from a first end of the cylinders to a second end. The materials used to produce the cylinder surfaces that form the gap are selected so that, in the presence of friction, the particles of the substance and the surfaces of the cylinders acquire opposite electric charges. The invention makes it possible to simplify the design of the charged particle source.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0002] SOURCE OF CHARGED PARTICLES

[0003] The invention relates to the field of producing a flow of electrically charged particles of matter.

[0004] An injector of charged microparticles is known according to the Russian Federation patent No. 2551129 for invention (published on 20.05.2015), according to which high voltage is supplied to the bunker electrode and alternating voltage of resonant frequency to the piezoelectric emitter, which causes the movement of micropowder particles in the bunker chamber and their ejection into the cavity of the charging chamber, which contains a horizontal or vertical set of carbon threads, upon contact with the tip of which the microparticles receive a charge and, under the influence of an electric field, leave the charging chamber through vertical or horizontal openings, forming fields of charged microparticles.

[0005] The disadvantage of the technical solution is the complexity of the design, as well as the need to supply high voltage to the electrodes.

[0006] The technical result that the invention is aimed at achieving is a simplified design that ensures the production of a flow of charged particles without the use of high voltage sources.

[0007] The technical result is achieved in a source of charged particles made in the form of internal and external hollow cylinders located with a gap between them, and a means for organizing an air flow with particles of a substance along the surfaces of the cylinders forming the said gap, in the direction from the first ends of the cylinders to the second ends of the cylinders. In this case, the materials from which the surfaces of the cylinders forming the gap are made are selected such that when particles of a substance rub against them, the particles of a substance and the said surfaces acquire opposite electric charges.

[0008] In one embodiment, the gap-forming surfaces of the inner and outer hollow cylinders are made of different materials.

[0009] In one embodiment, the inner and outer hollow cylinders are located coaxially.

[0010] In one embodiment, the means for organizing the air flow with the substance particles is made in the form of a first reflector fixed to the first end of the outer cylinder, directing the air flow with the substance particles in the direction of the gap, and an axial fan located near the first reflector, sucking in air with the substance particles from the inner cylinder, wherein the fan is made with a blade span diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the inner cylinder. In one embodiment, the source of charged particles is made with an additional device for introducing air with the substance particles into the inner cavity of the inner cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, the device for introducing air with particles of the substance into the internal cavity of the internal cylinder is fixed on the second end of the internal cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, the device for introducing air with particles of the substance into the internal cavity of the internal cylinder is made in the form of a second reflector reflecting charged particles from a metal with openings for uncharged particles of the substance.

[0013] It is preferable to make the inner and outer cylinders circular and straight.

[0014] It is preferable to make cylinders from metal.

[0015] It is preferable to use dielectric particles as the particles of the substance.

[0016] In one of the variants, the outer cylinder is made of two layers with an outer grounded metal shell.

[0017] In one embodiment, the inner cylinder is made in two layers with an internal grounded metal surface.

[0018] It is preferable to make a hollow cylinder located vertically.

[0019] It is preferable to make the first reflector solid from metal with grounding.

[0020] It is preferable to make the first reflector in the form of a hemisphere.

[0021] It is preferable to make the second reflector from metal in the form of a grid, fixed through insulators on the second end of the inner cylinder.

[0022] It is preferable to make the metal grid of the second reflector from radially directed metal strips.

[0023] It is preferable to make the metal strips with their plane turned at an angle to the surface of the second reflector grid.

[0024] It is preferable to make the second reflector grid in the shape of a cone.

[0025] The invention is explained in the illustration.

[0026] Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a source of charged particles, where 1 is an outer cylinder, 2 is the outer surface of the outer cylinder, 3 is the inner surface of the outer cylinder, 4 is an inner cylinder, 5 is the outer surface of the inner cylinder, 6 is the inner surface of the inner cylinder, 7 is the gap between cylinders 1 and 4, 8 is the first reflector in the form of a hemisphere, 9 is the second reflector in the form of a conical grid, 10 is a suction axial fan, 11 are particles of matter, 12 is an air flow in the gap 6 between cylinders 1 and 4 with particles of matter 11, 13 is an air flow with uncharged particles of matter from the second reflector 9 to the first reflector 8, 14 is an air flow with particles of matter 11 along the surface of the first reflector 8, 15 are insulators, 16 is an air flow with charged particles of matter 11, 17 is an air flow with uncharged particles of matter 11, 18 - first end of outer cylinder 1, 19 - second end of outer cylinder 1, 20 - first end of inner cylinder 4,21 - the second end of the inner cylinder 4.,

[0027] The source of charged particles, made according to the invention, can be implemented in a device containing vertically arranged, internal 4 and external! hollow cylinders, arranged coaxially with a gap 7 between them, containing a first reflector 8 fixed to the first end 18 of the outer cylinder 1, directing the air flow 14 with particles of substance 11 in the direction of the gap 7, also containing an axial fan 10, located near the first screen 8, sucking in the air flow 13 with particles of substance 11 from the inner cylinder 4, wherein the fan 10 is made with a blade span diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 4, and in addition containing a device for introducing the air flow 17 with uncharged particles of substance 11 into the internal cavity of the inner cylinder 4, which is made in the form of a second reflector 9 in the form of a metal grid fixed through insulators 15 on the second end 21 of the inner cylinder 4.

[0028] The choice of the material of the particles of substance 11 and the material of the surfaces 3 and 5 of cylinders 1 and 4, respectively, is made based on the fact that when two chemically identical bodies rub, the denser of them receives positive charges. When metals rub against a dielectric, they are electrified both positively and negatively. When two dielectrics rub, the dielectric with the higher permittivity is positively charged. Substances can be arranged in triboelectric series, in which the previous body is electrified positively, and the next one is electrified negatively (Faraday series: (+) fur, flannel, ivory, feathers, rock crystal, flint glass, paper fabric, silk, wood, metals, sulfur (-)). For dielectrics located in the triboelectric series, a decrease in hardness is observed (Gesehus series: (+) diamond (hardness 10), topaz (8), rock crystal (7), smooth glass (5), mica (3), calcite (3), sulfur (2), wax (1) (-)); for metals, an increase in hardness is characteristic.

[0029] The electrification of rubbing bodies is greater, the larger their surface. Dust sliding along the surface of the body from which it was formed (marble, glass, snow dust) is electrified negatively. When powders are sifted through a sieve, they are charged.

[0030] Triboelectricity in solids is explained by the transfer of charge carriers from one body to another. In metals and semiconductors, triboelectricity is caused by the transfer of electrons from a substance with a lower work function Ф to a substance with a higher Ф. When a metal contacts a dielectric, triboelectricity occurs due to the transfer of electrons from the metal to the dielectric. When two dielectrics rub, triboelectricity is caused by the diffusion of electrons and ions.

[0031] When the air flow 12 with particles of substance 1 1 in the gap 7 rubs against the inner surface 3 of the outer cylinder 1 and / or the outer surface 5 of the inner cylinder 4, the surfaces 3 and 5 of the cylinders 1 and 4 are charged (e.g., positively). After this, the air with charged (negatively) particles of substance 1 1 forms a flow 16, which can be directed to the consumer. Some of the charged particles of substance 1 1 can be drawn in by the suction fan 10 to the first reflector 8 together with the air flow 17 with uncharged particles 1 1 axially, then upon contact with the second reflector 9 they transfer a (negative) charge to it, and then, already neutral, are directed through the openings in the second reflector 9 towards the first reflector 8. In this case, the remaining charged particles of substance 1 1 from the flow 16 will begin to be repelled by electrostatic forces from the second reflector 9.The charged particles of substance I from flow 16 have nevertheless penetrated through the openings of the second reflector 9 into the inner cylinder, are directed with flow 13 towards the first reflector 8 where they lose their charge, form together with the uncharged particles of substance 11 from flow 13, a flow 14 of uncharged particles of substance 1 1, which passes into flow 12 with uncharged particles of substance П, which are again charged (negatively) in gap 7 due to friction against surfaces 3 and 5 of cylinders 1 and 4, and are ready for use by their consumer. In this case, surfaces 3 and 5 of cylinders 1 and 4 are charged to voltages at which the leakage current of the material of surfaces 3 and 5 of cylinders I and 4 compensates for the current of their charge due to friction against surfaces 2 and 5 of flow 13 of particles of substance 1 1.

[0032] Thus, a technical result is achieved in the form of creating an electrostatic friction source of charged particles of simple design.

Claims

CLAUSE OF INVENTION SOURCE OF CHARGED PARTICLES 1. A source of charged particles, characterized in that it contains internal and external hollow cylinders located with a gap between them, a means for organizing a flow of air with particles of a substance along the surfaces of the cylinders forming the said gap, in the direction from the first ends of the cylinders to the second ends of the cylinders, wherein the materials from which the surfaces of the hollow cylinders forming the gap are made are selected such that when particles of a substance rub against them, the particles of a substance and the said surfaces acquire opposite electrical charges.

2. A source of charged particles according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the inner and outer hollow cylinders, forming a gap between them, are made of different materials.

3. A source of charged particles according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner and outer hollow cylinders are located coaxially.

4. A source of charged particles according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the means for organizing the flow of air with particles of the substance is made in the form of a first reflector fixed to the first end of the outer cylinder, directing the flow of air with particles of the substance in the direction of the gap, and an axial fan located near the first reflector, sucking in air with particles of the substance from the inner cylinder, wherein the fan is made with a blade span diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the inner cylinder.

5. A source of charged particles according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is made with an additional device for introducing air with uncharged particles of the substance into the internal cavity of the internal cylinder.

6. A source of charged particles according to item 5, characterized in that the device for introducing air with uncharged particles of the substance into the internal cavity of the internal cylinder is fixed to the second end of the internal cylinder.

7. A source of charged particles according to claim 6, characterized in that the device for introducing air with uncharged particles of matter into the internal cavity of the internal cylinder is a second reflector made of metal with openings for uncharged particles of matter and with the ability to reflect charged particles.

8. A source of charged particles according to paragraphs 1-7, characterized in that the inner and outer cylinders are made circular and straight.

9. A source of charged particles according to paragraphs 1-8, characterized in that the cylinders are made of metal.

10. A source of charged particles according to paragraph 9, characterized in that the particles of the substance are made of a dielectric. And. A source of charged particles according to item 1, characterized in that the outer cylinder is made in two layers with an outer grounded metal shell.

12. A source of charged particles according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the inner cylinder is made in two layers with an internal grounded metal surface.

13. A source of charged particles according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow cylinders are located vertically.

14. A source of charged particles according to paragraph 4, characterized in that the first reflector is made solid, made of metal and grounded.

15. A source of charged particles according to item 4, characterized in that the first reflector is made in the form of a hemisphere.

16. A source of charged particles according to item 7, characterized in that the second reflector is made of metal, in the form of a grid, secured through insulators on the second end of the inner cylinder.

17. A source of charged particles according to item 16, characterized in that the grid is made of radially directed strips.

18. A source of charged particles according to item 17, characterized in that the strips are made with their plane turned at an angle to the surface of the grating.

19. A source of charged particles according to item 18, characterized in that the grid is made in the form of a cone.

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