Display panel, display device, and method for recognizing gaze position of display device

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a display panel. The display panel has a display area and a non-display area, the display area is provided with a plurality of optical convergence structures, the optical convergence structures extend to the non-display area, the non-display area is provided with a plurality of optical collimation structures and a plurality of photosensitive units having one-to-one correspondence to the plurality of optical collimation structures, and the optical collimation structures are used for collecting to the surfaces of the photosensitive units infrared light reflected by eyes. If the amount of infrared light signals sensed by a certain photosensitive unit is smaller than the amount of infrared light signals of photosensitive units in a surrounding area of the photosensitive unit, it is determined that the pupils are gazing at the position where the photosensitive unit is located. Light reflected by eyes is collimated in areas by means of light path collimation structures, and rapid positioning and tracking of pupils can be achieved in a non-imaging mode, thereby achieving small data volume, shortening the duration of information processing, and increasing the response speed of an eye tracking system. The present disclosure further provides a display device comprising the display panel and a method for recognizing a gaze position of the display device.

Description

Display panel, display device, and method for identifying gaze position thereof

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This disclosure claims priority to Chinese patent application number 202310927389.3 filed on July 26, 2023, entitled “Display panel, display device, and method for identifying the gaze position thereof,” and the entire contents of this Chinese patent application are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to a display panel, a display device, and a method for identifying a gaze position thereof. Background Art

[0004] With the development of pupil-iris technology and the advancement of human eye recognition algorithms, the latest visual field positioning system - eye tracking system came into being.

[0005] Currently used eye-tracking systems all use cameras to capture images, which are then sent to a chip for processing, noise reduction, and demodulation to achieve eye tracking and positioning. These methods all require cameras to capture images, resulting in large amounts of data and long processing times, leading to slow response times for eye-tracking systems.

[0006] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field.

[0007] Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present disclosure aims to improve the response speed of an eye tracking system and to provide a display panel, a display device, and a method for identifying a gaze position thereof.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a display panel is provided, which has a display area and a non-display area located outside the display area. The display panel also includes a base substrate, multiple optical collimation structures, multiple optical convergence structures and multiple photosensitive units. The multiple optical collimation structures are arranged on one side of the base substrate and are located in the non-display area; the multiple optical convergence structures are arranged on one side of the base substrate and are located in the display area; the multiple photosensitive units are arranged between the base substrate and the optical collimation structure and are located in the non-display area, and the multiple photosensitive units correspond one-to-one to the multiple optical collimation structures; the optical collimation structure is used to collect infrared light reflected by the eye to the surface of the photosensitive unit; the multiple optical collimation structures and the multiple optical convergence structures are in the same layer and material.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the angle range in which the light sensing unit receives infrared light is a collimated angle, and the collimated angle is calculated using the following formula:

[0011] Wherein, D is the distance between the eye and the photosensitive unit, m is the eye movement distance, w is the width of the eye movement range, q is the number of photosensitive units set in the sub-non-display area on one side of the display area, γ is the field of view of the eye viewing the display panel, and η is the viewing angle change value.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the signal difference between two adjacent light-sensing units is calculated by the following formulas: ΔS = S1 - S0 4); S0 = A1 × α1 + (A21 + A22) × α2 5); S1 = B3 × α1 + (B21 + B22) × α2 6);

[0013] Wherein, △S is the signal difference, S0 is the signal value of the first light-sensing unit, S1 is the signal value of the second light-sensing unit, A1 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the first light-sensing unit on the pupil, A21 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the first light-sensing unit on the iris on one side of the pupil, and A22 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the first light-sensing unit on the iris on the other side of the pupil; B1 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the second light-sensing unit on the through hole, B21 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the second light-sensing unit on the iris on one side of the pupil, B22 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the second light-sensing unit on the iris on the other side of the pupil, α1 is the reflectivity of the pupil to infrared light, and α2 is the reflectivity of the iris to infrared light.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the coverage area of ​​the first light sensing unit on the pupil at the collimation angle is equal to the size of the pupil.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the collimation angle is between 1.13 degrees and 3.9 degrees.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the optical collimating structure is a first microlens, and the focus of the first microlens is located on the surface of the light sensing unit.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first microlens is a circular first microlens and / or a cylindrical first microlens, and the height of the cylindrical first microlens is greater than the diameter of the circular first microlens.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first microlens is a circular first microlens, and the curvature radius of the circular first microlens satisfies: R=(n1×L1+......nt×Lt)×(nlens-1) 7);

[0019] In the direction away from the substrate, n1 is the refractive index of the first layer between the first microlens and the photosensitive unit, nt is the refractive index of the tth layer, L1 is the thickness of the first layer, Lt is the thickness of the tth layer, and R is the curvature radius of the circular first microlens.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the display panel further includes a filter structure, which is disposed between the optical collimation structure and the photosensitive unit. The filter structure includes a stacked red filter layer, a green filter layer, and a blue filter layer.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the display panel also includes a second light absorbing portion, which is arranged on the periphery of the filtering structure. The orthographic projection of the second light absorbing portion on the base substrate forms an enclosing area, and the orthographic projection of the photosensitive unit on the base substrate covers the enclosing area.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the first microlens is a cylindrical first microlens, including a cylindrical first microlens arranged along a first direction and a cylindrical first microlens arranged along a second direction, wherein the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the non-display area is shaped as a rectangular frame, including four sub-non-display areas located around the display area, one of which is provided with a binding circuit, and the remaining three sub-non-display areas are respectively provided with a group of light sensing units.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the display panel further includes a driving circuit layer, and the light sensing unit is provided on the same layer as the driving circuit layer.

[0025] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a display device is provided, comprising an optical path adjustment lens, an infrared light source, and a display panel provided by any one aspect of the present disclosure, wherein the infrared light source is arranged at the periphery of the lens; and the display panel is arranged on a side of the infrared light source and the optical path adjustment lens away from the eyes.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for identifying a gazed position of a display device provided in another aspect of the present disclosure is provided, the method comprising:

[0027] Send infrared light to the eyes through an infrared light source;

[0028] When the infrared light reflected by the eye is reflected to the optical path collimation structure, if the infrared light signal amount sensed by a certain photosensitive unit is smaller than the infrared light signal amount of the photosensitive units in its surrounding area, it is determined that the pupil is looking at the position of the photosensitive unit.

[0029] The display panel disclosed in the present invention has a display area and a non-display area. The display area is provided with a plurality of optical convergence structures. The optical convergence structures are extended to the non-display area. A plurality of optical collimation structures and a plurality of photosensitive units corresponding to the plurality of optical collimation structures are provided in the non-display area. The optical collimation structure is used to collect infrared light reflected by the eye to the surface of the photosensitive unit. If the amount of infrared light signal sensed by a certain photosensitive unit is less than the amount of infrared light signal of the photosensitive units in its surrounding area, it is determined that the pupil is looking at the position of the photosensitive unit. By realizing regional collimation of the light reflected from the eye through the optical path collimation structure, rapid positioning and tracking of the pupil can be achieved in a non-imaging manner. The amount of data is small, the time for information processing is reduced, and the response speed of the eye tracking system is improved.

[0030] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the specification, are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0032] FIG1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG2 is a schematic plan view of a display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first microlens according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the collimation angle of the optical collimation structure corresponding to the light sensing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the angle range of infrared light received by the light sensing unit and the optical collimation structure of the optical collimation structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing a light sensing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure corresponding to an optical collimation structure with a relatively small collimation angle.

[0038] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a light sensing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure when the collimation angle of the optical collimation structure is relatively large.

[0039] FIG8 is a schematic diagram showing a first collimation angle and a second photosensitive unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where the coverage areas of the first photosensitive unit and the second photosensitive unit on the eye are adjacent.

[0040] FIG9 is a schematic diagram showing the coverage area of ​​the first light sensing unit and the second light sensing unit on the eye according to an embodiment of the present disclosure when the collimation angle is the second type.

[0041] FIG10 is a schematic diagram showing the coverage area of ​​the first light sensing unit and the second light sensing unit on the eye according to an embodiment of the present disclosure when the collimation angle is the third type.

[0042] FIG11 is a schematic diagram showing the coverage area of ​​the first light sensing unit and the second light sensing unit on the eye according to an embodiment of the present disclosure when the collimation angle is the fourth type.

[0043] FIG12 shows the distribution of the coverage area of ​​the first light sensing unit on the pupil and the iris, and the distribution of the coverage area of ​​the second light sensing unit on the pupil and the iris according to an embodiment of the present disclosure when the collimation angle is the first type.

[0044] FIG13 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG14 is a schematic plan view of another display panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of another first microlens involved in an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0047] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the dome height of the first microlens and the signal quantity of the light sensing unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0048] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] FIG18 is a flowchart of a method for identifying a gazed position of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] In the figure: 1, silicon substrate, 10, base substrate, 12, driving circuit layer, 11, transistor, 111, gate, 112, first active layer, 113, first electrode, 114, second electrode, 115, gate insulating layer, 116, first data line, 117, second data line, 118, first scan line, 12, first transistor, 13, second transistor, 14, contact hole, 15, insulating layer, 16, third conductive layer, 17, photosensitive unit, 171, second active layer, 172, third electrode, 173, fourth electrode, 174, third data line, 175, fourth data line, 1701, first photosensitive unit, 1702, second photosensitive unit, 18, fourth conductive layer, 19, binding circuit, 2, light-emitting layer, 21, first conductive layer, 22, organic light-emitting functional layer, 23, second conductive layer, 201, first light-emitting device, 202, second light-emitting device, 2001, first electrode, 2002, second electrode, 2003, light-emitting unit, 3, first encapsulation layer, 4, color filter layer, 41, first light-absorbing part, 42, red filter pattern, 43, green filter pattern, 44, blue filter pattern, 5, second encapsulation layer, 61, filter structure, 611, Red filter layer, 612, green filter layer, 613, blue filter layer, 62, second light absorbing part, 7, filling layer, 71, first filling part, 72, second filling part, 8, microlens layer, 81, first microlens, 82, second microlens, 83, first adhesive layer, 84, second adhesive layer, 9, cover plate, 100, display area, 200, non-display area, 2001, sub-non-display area, 300, infrared light source, 400, optical path adjustment lens, 500, eye, 5001-eye movement range, 5002-pupil, 5003-iris. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the example embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the concepts of the example embodiments to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals in the figures represent identical or similar structures, and thus their detailed descriptions will be omitted. Furthermore, the figures are merely schematic illustrations of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0052] Although relative terms such as "upper" and "lower" are used in this specification to describe the relationship of one illustrated component to another, these terms are used herein for convenience only, such as in accordance with the orientation of the illustrations in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that if the illustrated device were flipped upside down, the component described as "upper" would become the component "lower." When a structure is referred to as "on" another structure, this may mean that the structure is integrally formed with the other structure, that the structure is "directly" disposed on the other structure, or that the structure is "indirectly" disposed on the other structure via the other structure.

[0053] The terms "a", "an", "the", "said" and "at least one" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms "including" and "having" are used to express open-ended inclusion and mean that additional elements / components / etc. may be present in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms "first", "second" and "third" etc. are used only as labels and are not intended to limit the quantity of their objects.

[0054] The present disclosure provides a display panel. As shown in Figures 1 to 17, the display panel has a display area 100 and a non-display area 200 located outside the display area 100. The display panel also includes a base substrate 10, multiple optical collimation structures, multiple optical convergence structures, and multiple photosensitive units 17. The multiple optical collimation structures are provided on one side of the base substrate 10 and are located in the non-display area 200; the multiple optical convergence structures are provided on one side of the base substrate 10 and are located in the display area 100; the multiple photosensitive units 17 are provided between the base substrate 10 and the optical collimation structures and are located in the non-display area 200. The multiple photosensitive units 17 correspond one-to-one to the multiple optical collimation structures; the optical collimation structures are used to collect infrared light reflected by the eye 500 onto the surface of the photosensitive units 17; and the multiple optical collimation structures and the multiple optical convergence structures are formed from the same layer and material.

[0055] The display panel's display area 100 is equipped with multiple optical convergence structures, which extend to the non-display area 200. The non-display area 200 is equipped with multiple optical collimation structures and multiple photosensitive units 17 corresponding to the multiple optical collimation structures. The optical collimation structures are used to collect infrared light reflected from the eye 500 onto the surfaces of the photosensitive units 17. If the infrared light signal detected by a particular photosensitive unit 17 is less than the infrared light signal detected by the photosensitive units 17 in its surrounding area, it is determined that the pupil 5002 is fixated on the location of that photosensitive unit 17. By using the optical path collimation structures to achieve regional collimation of the light reflected from the eye 500, the pupil 5002 can be quickly located and tracked in a non-imaging manner, reducing the amount of data, reducing information processing time, and improving the response speed of the eye tracking system.

[0056] The display panel involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0057] As shown in Figure 1, the display panel includes a driving backplane 1 and a pixel layer. The driving backplane 1 includes a base substrate 10 and a driving circuit layer 100. For the sake of clarity, Figure 1 only shows the first sub-pixel area and the second sub-pixel area adjacent to the pixel layer, and for each sub-pixel area, only the light-emitting element and the transistor 11 directly connected to the light-emitting element in the driving circuit layer 100 are shown. For example, the transistor 11 can be a driving transistor configured to control the magnitude of the current driving the light-emitting element to emit light. For example, the transistor 11 can also be a light-emitting control transistor for controlling whether the current driving the light-emitting element to emit light flows. The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this.

[0058] The display panel includes a base substrate 10, a first conductive layer 21, an organic light-emitting functional layer 22, and a second conductive layer 23 disposed on the base substrate 10. The first conductive layer 21 is disposed on a side of the drive circuit layer 100 away from the base substrate 10, the organic light-emitting functional layer 22 is disposed on a side of the first conductive layer 21 away from the base substrate 10, and the second conductive layer 23 is disposed on a side of the organic light-emitting functional layer 22 away from the base substrate 10.

[0059] The first conductive layer 21 includes a first electrode 2001 of the first light-emitting device 201 and a first electrode 2001 of the second light-emitting device 202, which are respectively located in the first sub-pixel region and the second sub-pixel region and are insulated from each other. The first electrode 2001 of the first light-emitting device 201 and the first electrode 2001 of the second light-emitting device 202 are disconnected from each other. The second conductive layer 23 includes a second electrode 2002 of the first light-emitting device 201 and the second electrode 2002 of the second light-emitting device 202, which are respectively located in the first sub-pixel region and the second sub-pixel region and are connected to each other.

[0060] In order to improve the luminous efficiency and the color gamut of the light-emitting device, a plurality of light-emitting layers 2 stacked on each other may be used to emit white light, that is, the organic light-emitting functional layer 22 may include multiple sub-light-emitting functional layers, and the multiple sub-light-emitting functional layers are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate 10. For example, the organic functional layer 22 includes two yellow sub-light-emitting functional layers and a blue sub-light-emitting functional layer stacked on each other, or the organic functional layer 22 includes two red sub-light-emitting functional layers, a green sub-light-emitting functional layer, and a blue sub-light-emitting functional layer stacked on each other.

[0061] As shown in Figure 1, the display panel provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure uses a silicon substrate as a base substrate 10. The driving circuit layer 100 can be integrated on the silicon substrate to form a driving backplane 1. In this case, the silicon-based circuit can achieve higher precision. The first and second light-emitting elements are formed on the driving backplane 1. The driving backplane 1 includes the base substrate 10 and the driving circuit layer 100 formed on the base substrate 10. The silicon substrate is, for example, single crystal silicon or high-purity silicon.

[0062] The driving circuit layer 100 is located in the display area 100 and is formed on the substrate 10 through a semiconductor process. For example, a first active layer 112 (i.e., a semiconductor layer), a first electrode 113, and a second electrode 114 of the transistor 11 are formed in the substrate 10 through a doping process. An insulating layer 15 is formed through a silicon oxidation process, and multiple third conductive layers 16 are formed through a sputtering process. The semiconductor layer of the transistor 11 (such as the first active layer in FIG. 1 ) is located within the substrate 10 or is part of the substrate 10.

[0063] As shown in FIG1 , the first light-emitting element is electrically connected to the first transistor 12, and the second light-emitting element is electrically connected to the second transistor 13. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the specific types of the first transistor 12 and the second transistor 13. The following is an exemplary description of the first transistor 12, which also applies to the second transistor 13 and is therefore not repeated here.

[0064] For example, the transistor 11 includes a gate 111, a gate insulating layer 115, a first active layer 112, a first electrode 113, and a second electrode 114. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the type, material, and structure of the first transistor 12. For example, it can be a top-gate type, a bottom-gate type, etc. The first active layer 112 of the first transistor 12 can be an inorganic semiconductor material such as microcrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon (low-temperature polycrystalline silicon or high-temperature polycrystalline silicon), an oxide semiconductor (such as IGZO), or an organic material such as PBTTT, PDBT-co-TT, PDQT, PDVT-10, dinaphtho-dithiophene (DNTT), or pentacene. For example, the first transistor 12 can be N-type or P-type.

[0065] Some embodiments of the present disclosure are described by taking a field effect transistor (such as a MOS field effect transistor) formed in a silicon substrate as an example. In this example, the silicon substrate is doped (p-type doping or n-type doping) to form the first active layer 112 of the transistor, that is, the first active layer 112 of the transistor is located in the silicon substrate, or the first active layer 112 of the transistor is part of the silicon substrate. The source and drain of the transistor used here can be symmetrical in structure, so the source and drain can be structurally indistinguishable. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, in order to distinguish the two poles of the transistor other than the gate, for example, one of the poles can be directly described as the first pole 113 and the other pole as the second pole 114.

[0066] The display panel may also include a third conductive layer 16, which includes a plurality of sub-third conductive layers 161 arranged at intervals, and the plurality of sub-third conductive layers 161 are respectively arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of first electrodes 2001 included in the first conductive layer 21. In the top emission structure, the third conductive layer 16 can be set as a reflective layer to reflect the light emitted by the light-emitting element to improve the light extraction efficiency. For example, the orthographic projection of each first electrode 2001 in the first conductive layer 21 on the base substrate 10 falls within the orthographic projection of the sub-third conductive layer corresponding to the first electrode 2001 on the base substrate 10. In this case, the first conductive layer 21 can be made of a transparent conductive oxide material with a high work function, such as ITO, IZO, IGZO, AZO, etc.

[0067] The light-emitting layer 2 of the pixel layer includes a first light-emitting device 201 and a second light-emitting device 202 located in a first sub-pixel region and a second sub-pixel region, respectively. A first transistor 12 drives the first light-emitting device 201 to emit light, and a second transistor 13 drives the second light-emitting device 202 to emit light. The first light-emitting device 201 and the second light-emitting device 202 each include a light-emitting unit 2003, and a first electrode 2001 and a second electrode 2002 facing the light-emitting unit 2003.

[0068] Typically, a fourth conductive layer 18 is provided between the third conductive layer 16 and the transistor. The fourth conductive layer 18 may include a first data line 116, a second data line 117, and a first scan line 118. The first scan line 118 is connected to the gate 111, the first data line 116 is connected to the first electrode 113, and the second data line 117 is connected to the second electrode 114.

[0069] The first light emitting device 201 and the second light emitting device 202 can be organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) or quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs), etc. The embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the type of light emitting elements. For example, the light emitting unit 2003 can be made of small molecule organic materials or polymer organic materials.

[0070] The first light-emitting device 201 and the second light-emitting device 202 are top-emitting structures, and the first electrode 2001 and the second electrode 2002 are reflective. For example, the first electrode 2001 includes a material with high work function and high reflectivity to act as an anode, such as a stacked structure of Ti / Al / Ti / Mo, wherein metallic titanium can serve as a buffer layer to improve interlayer adhesion, Al serves as a highly reflective material, and Mo serves as a high work function material that directly contacts the organic functional layer to improve carrier injection capability. Correspondingly, the second conductive layer 23 acts as a cathode. For example, the second conductive layer 23 can be a transparent conductive material or a stacked structure of a transparent conductive material and a metal material. For example, the second conductive layer 23 can be a transparent metal oxide conductive material, such as indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tin oxide (ITO), indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO), etc., or can be a transparent nano-conductive material such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nano silver wires.

[0071] It is understood that the first electrode 2001 of the first light-emitting element is formed on the surface of the driving backplane 1 and is electrically connected to the first electrode 113 of the first transistor 12 through the contact hole 14 filled with a conductive material (e.g., tungsten) and the plurality of third conductive layers. FIG1 exemplarily shows one insulating layer 15 and one third conductive layer 16, but the embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the number of insulating layers 15 and third conductive layers 16.

[0072] The display panel also includes a first encapsulation layer 3, which is disposed on the side of the second electrode away from the substrate. A color filter layer 4 is disposed on the side of the first encapsulation layer 3 away from the substrate. The color filter layer 4 includes a first light absorbing portion 41 having a first opening, a second opening, and a third opening. A red filter pattern 42 is disposed within the first opening, a green filter pattern 43 is disposed within the second opening, and a blue filter pattern 44 is disposed within the third opening. The first light absorbing portion 41 may further include a fourth opening, in which a white filter pattern is disposed. Light emitted by the first light-emitting device 201 and the second light-emitting device 202 passes through the color filter layer 4, generating visible light of different colors.

[0073] The display panel also includes a second encapsulation layer 5, which is disposed on the side of the filter structure 61 away from the base substrate. The display panel also includes a microlens layer 8, which is disposed on the side of the second encapsulation layer 5 away from the base substrate and is located in the display area 100. Microlens layer 8 includes a plurality of second microlenses 82, which are bonded to the second encapsulation layer 5 via a first adhesive layer 83. The plurality of second microlenses 82 converge visible light of different colors.

[0074] The driving backplane 1 further includes a light sensing unit 17, which is provided on one side of the base substrate and located in the non-display area 200 of the display panel. The light sensing unit 17 is provided on the same layer as the driving circuit layer. The light sensing unit 17 can be a photodiode 17. In this example, the silicon substrate is doped (p-type doping or n-type doping) to form the second active layer 171, the third electrode 172, and the fourth electrode 173 of the photodiode 17. That is, the second active layer 171, the third electrode 172, and the fourth electrode 173 of the photodiode are located in the silicon substrate, or the second active layer 171, the third electrode 172, and the fourth electrode 173 of the photodiode 17 are part of the silicon substrate.

[0075] The insulating layer 15 extends to the non-display area 200 and covers the second active layer 171, third electrode 172, and fourth electrode 173 of the photodiode. The fourth conductive layer 18 is further provided with a third data line 174 and a fourth data line 175, which are respectively connected to the third electrode 172 and the fourth electrode 173 of the photodiode 17 through vias. In a direction away from the display area 100, the first encapsulation layer 3 extends from the surface of the second electrode 2002 to the surface of the insulating layer 15. It will be understood that the first encapsulation layer 3 covers the second electrode 2002 and the insulating layer 15.

[0076] The photosensitive unit 17 senses infrared light, so visible light needs to be filtered out. In this embodiment, the display panel also includes a filter structure 61, which is arranged on the side of the encapsulation layer away from the base substrate and is located in the non-display area 200. The filter structure 61 includes a stacked red filter layer 611, a green filter layer 612, and a blue filter layer 613. The red filter layer 611 is arranged on the same layer as the color filter layer 4. The blue filter layer 613 is arranged on the side of the red filter layer 611 away from the base substrate, and the green filter layer 612 is arranged on the side of the blue filter layer 613 away from the base substrate. The orthographic projections of the red filter layer 611, the green filter layer 612, and the blue filter layer 613 on the base substrate all cover the orthographic projection of the photosensitive unit 17 on the base substrate. Visible light (380-760nm) can be filtered by the three color filter layers. Of course, other filter layers can also be used to filter out visible light, for example: only the infrared light absorption part is passed.

[0077] The red filter layer 611 has the same thickness as the color filter layer 4. Due to the addition of the green filter layer 612 and the blue filter layer 613, a step exists between the second encapsulation layer 5 and the color filter layer 4. To eliminate the step between the second encapsulation layer 5 and the color filter layer 4, as well as the step between the second encapsulation layer 5 and the first encapsulation layer 3 on the side of the filter structure 61 away from the display area 100, the display panel further includes a filling layer 7. The filling layer 7 includes a first filling portion 71 and a second filling portion 72. The first filling portion 71 is disposed between the second encapsulation layer 5 and the color filter layer 4. The thickness of the first filling portion 71 is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the blue filter layer 613 and the green filter layer 612. The thickness of the first filling portion 71 is also equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the red filter layer 611, the blue filter layer 613, and the green filter layer 612.

[0078] The display panel also includes a second light absorbing portion 62, which is arranged on the periphery of the filter structure 61. The thickness of the second light absorbing portion 62 is equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the red filter layer, the blue filter layer 613 and the green filter layer 612. The orthographic projection of the second light absorbing portion 62 on the base substrate forms an enclosing area, and the orthographic projection of the photosensitive unit 17 on the base substrate covers the enclosing area.

[0079] The microlens layer 8 also includes multiple optical collimation structures, which are disposed on the side of the second encapsulation layer 5 away from the base substrate and located in the non-display area 200. The orthographic projection of the optical collimation structure on the base substrate overlaps the orthographic projection of the photosensitive unit 17 on the base substrate. The optical collimation structure is used to collect infrared light reflected by the eye 500 onto the surface of the photosensitive unit 17. The optical collimation structure can be a first microlens 81, which is disposed in the same layer as the second microlens 82. The first microlens 81 is bonded to the second encapsulation layer 5 via a first adhesive layer 83.

[0080] The display panel further includes a second adhesive layer 84 and a cover plate 9 . The second adhesive layer 84 is provided on a side of the microlens layer 8 away from the base substrate 10 . The cover plate 9 is adhered to a side of the second adhesive layer 84 away from the base substrate.

[0081] As shown in FIG2 to FIG5 , the non-display area 200 is in the shape of a rectangular frame disposed outside the display area 100. The non-display area 200 includes four sub-non-display areas 2001 disposed around the display area 100. One of the sub-non-display areas 2001 is provided with a binding circuit 19, and the remaining three sub-non-display areas 2001 are each provided with a group of light sensing units 17. The number of light sensing units 17 disposed in one sub-non-display area 2001 is:

[0082] Wherein, γ is the viewing angle of the eye 500 when viewing the display panel, and η is the viewing angle change value.

[0083] For example, the viewing angle γ of the eye 500 viewing the display panel is 90°, the viewing angle variation η is 2°, and the number of light sensing units 17 provided in a sub-non-display area 2001 is 45. It should be noted that this is merely an example and does not limit the number of light sensing units 17. A corresponding number of light sensing units 17 may be provided according to different viewing angle variations.

[0084] The angle range of the infrared light received by the light sensing unit 17 is the collimation angle. The eye movement distance is connected to the center of the optical collimation structure to form the collimation angle of the optical collimation structure. The collimation angle is calculated by the following formula:

[0085] Wherein, D is the distance between the eye 500 and the light sensing unit 17 , m is the eye movement distance, w is the width of the eye movement range 5001 , and q is the number of light sensing units 17 set in one sub non-display area 2001 .

[0086] The eye movement range 5001 (Eye-Box) is a virtual frame of 8mm×8mm (industry experience value). The distance m of the eye 500 can be calculated to be 178um, and the distance D between the eye 500 and the photosensitive unit 17 is 50.009mm. The optical path adjustment lens will have a scaling effect on the size of the eye movement range 5001 and the distance D between the eye 500 and the photosensitive unit 17. After passing through the optical path adjustment lens, the distance m of the eye 500 is 591um, the distance D between the eye 500 and the photosensitive unit 17 is 60.1mm, and the collimation angle θ is 1.13°.

[0087] As shown in Figure 6 , each photosensitive unit 17 receives infrared light reflected from a different eye movement distance, and their corresponding collimation angles do not overlap. This requires a smaller ratio between the size of the photosensitive unit 17 and the size of the optical collimation structure, and requires that the photosensitive unit 17 have sensitivity to receive smaller amounts of light. As shown in Figure 7 , the collimation angles corresponding to adjacent photosensitive units 17 intersect, reducing the requirements for the ratio between the size of the photosensitive unit 17 and the size of the optical collimation structure, as well as the sensitivity to light flux.

[0088] As shown in Figures 8 to 12, the theoretically calculated optimal collimation angle θ is 1.13°. However, during the design phase, the maximum luminous flux should be pursued to improve the light signal received by the photosensitive unit 17. When the eye 500 observes the display panel, the size of the pupil 5002 varies between 2.5 mm and 4 mm depending on the brightness. The signal difference between two adjacent photosensitive units 17 is calculated using the following formulas: ΔS = S1 - S0 4); S0 = A1 × α1 + (A21 + A22) × α2 5); S1 = B3 × α1 + (B21 + B22) × α2 6);

[0089] Where ΔS is the signal difference, S0 is the signal value of the first light-sensing unit 1701, S1 is the signal value of the second light-sensing unit 1702, A1 is the coverage area of ​​the pupil at the collimation angle corresponding to the first light-sensing unit 1701, A21 is the coverage area of ​​the iris at the collimation angle corresponding to the first light-sensing unit 1701 on one side of the pupil, and A22 is the coverage area of ​​the iris at the collimation angle corresponding to the first light-sensing unit 1701 on the other side of the pupil; B1 is the coverage area of ​​the through-hole at the collimation angle corresponding to the second light-sensing unit 1702, B21 is the coverage area of ​​the iris at the collimation angle corresponding to the second light-sensing unit 1702 on one side of the pupil, and B22 is the coverage area of ​​the iris at the collimation angle corresponding to the second light-sensing unit 1702 on the other side of the pupil; α1 is the reflectivity of the pupil to infrared light, and α2 is the reflectivity of the iris to infrared light. As can be seen from the figure, the first light-sensing unit 1701 and the second light-sensing unit 1702 are arranged adjacent to each other.

[0090] The collimation angle corresponding to photosensitive unit 17 increases, thus increasing the eye movement distance. To achieve the same change in viewing angle, the signal difference ΔS must be maximized, allowing more light flux to be reflected to photosensitive unit 17 at the same change in viewing angle. To maximize the signal difference ΔS, the signal difference ΔS reaches its maximum when A1 is the size of pupil 5002. For the same change in viewing angle, the collimation angle can be increased, with the theoretical optimal collimation angle ranging from 1.13° to 3.9°. According to calculations, photosensitive unit 17 can receive infrared light reflected from eye 500 at an angle of 0 to ±3.9°.

[0091] The optical collimation structure can be a first microlens 81, or a slit or hole. In this embodiment, the optical collimation structure is a circular first microlens 81. After determining the size of the collimation angle, the size of the first microlens 81 and the thickness of each layer between the light sensing unit 17 and the first microlens 81 can be determined.

[0092] As shown in FIG1 to FIG3 , the first microlens 81 is a circular first microlens. When the focus of the first microlens 81 is located on the surface of the photosensitive unit 17, the light signal received by the photosensitive unit 17 is the strongest. While ensuring the focal length, the curvature radius of the circular first microlens satisfies: R = (n1×L1+......nt×Lt)×(nlens-1) 7);

[0093] In the direction away from the substrate, n1 is the refractive index of the first layer between the circular first microlens and the photosensitive unit 17, nt is the refractive index of the tth layer, L1 is the thickness of the first layer, Lt is the thickness of the tth layer, and R is the curvature radius of the circular first microlens.

[0094] In this embodiment, for a silicon-based display panel, the insulating layer, pixel definition layer, and base substrate are typically all disposed on a silicon substrate. Therefore, the insulating layer, pixel definition layer, and base substrate are made of the same material and can be considered the first layer in Formula 7). The first encapsulation layer 3 and the second encapsulation layer 5 are made of the same material and can be considered the second layer in Formula 7. The first adhesive layer 83 can be considered the third layer in Formula 7.

[0095] The arch height and aperture of the circular first microlens are calculated by the following formula: R 2 =(Rd) 2 +(h / 2) 2 8);

[0096] Wherein, R is the radius of curvature of the circular first microlens, d is the aperture of the circular first microlens, and h is the arch height of the circular first microlens.

[0097] The radius of curvature of the circular first microlens can be calculated based on the material and thickness of the layers between the circular first microlens and the photosensitive unit 17. By setting the dome height of the circular first microlens, the aperture of the circular first microlens can be calculated using the above formula. The dome height of the circular first microlens can be determined by the relationship between the dome height of the first microlens and the signal intensity of the photosensitive unit 17.

[0098] As shown in Figures 13 to 15 , the first microlenses 81 can also be configured as cylindrical first microlenses. The height of the cylindrical first microlenses is greater than the diameter of the circular first microlenses, and thus the luminous flux of the cylindrical first microlenses is greater than that of the circular first microlenses. To achieve sensing of converged infrared light from different directions, the multiple first microlenses are arranged in two ways. Specifically, the multiple cylindrical first microlenses can include cylindrical first microlenses arranged along a first direction and cylindrical first microlenses arranged along a second direction, the second direction being perpendicular to the first direction.

[0099] The four sub-non-display areas 2001 include two first sub-non-display areas 200 extending along a first direction and second sub-non-display areas 200 extending along a second direction. One of the first sub-non-display areas 200 is provided with a binding circuit 19, another first sub-non-display area 200 is provided with a first cylindrical microlens extending along the second direction, and two second sub-non-display areas 200 are provided with first cylindrical microlenses extending along the first direction. It should be noted that the first direction is the x-direction shown in FIG. 14 , and the second direction is the y-direction shown in FIG. 14 .

[0100] In other feasible embodiments, in a type of cylindrical first microlens in a sub-non-display area 2001, cylindrical first microlenses arranged along the first direction and cylindrical first microlenses arranged along the second direction may be arranged alternately. That is, a cylindrical first microlens arranged along the second direction may be arranged between two adjacent cylindrical first microlenses arranged along the first direction, and a cylindrical first microlens arranged along the first direction may be arranged between two adjacent cylindrical first microlenses arranged along the second direction.

[0101] Figure 16 shows the relationship between the dome height of the first microlens and the signal intensity of the light sensing unit 17. As can be seen from the figure, when the dome height of the first microlens is around 2 microns, the signal intensity of the light sensing unit 17 is the largest. When the signal intensity remains constant, the angle range of infrared light received is the largest, and thus the collimation angle of the first microlens is the largest.

[0102] The present disclosure also provides a display device. As shown in Figure 17, the display device may include an optical path adjustment lens 400, an infrared light source 300, and a display panel according to any of the above embodiments of the present disclosure. The infrared light source 300 is disposed at the periphery of the lens, and the display panel is disposed on the side of the infrared light source 300 and optical path adjustment lens 400 that is away from the eye 500. The specific structure and beneficial effects of the display panel have been described in detail above and will not be repeated here.

[0103] It should be noted that, in addition to the display panel, the display device also includes other necessary components and components, such as circuit boards, power cords, etc. Those skilled in the art can make corresponding supplements based on the specific usage requirements of the display device, which will not be repeated here.

[0104] The display device can be a traditional electronic device, such as a mobile phone, computer, television, projector, and camcorder, or it can be an emerging wearable device, such as a VR wearable device, which are not listed here one by one. When the display device is a VR wearable device, the optical path adjustment lens 400 is a VR lens.

[0105] The present disclosure also provides a method for identifying a gaze position of a display device. As shown in FIG18 , the method includes:

[0106] Step S10: emitting infrared light toward the eyes through an infrared light source.

[0107] In step S20 , when the infrared light reflected by the eye is reflected to the optical path collimating structure, if the infrared light signal amount sensed by a certain light sensing unit is smaller than the infrared light signal amounts of the light sensing units in its surrounding area, it is determined that the pupil is looking at the position of the light sensing unit.

[0108] When the display device is a VR wearable, the significant difference in reflectivity between the pupil and iris in the near-infrared band allows the pupil center to be located through subsequent data processing. This allows the real-time gaze point to be calculated using a pre-established mapping relationship between the pupil center and the gaze point. This eliminates the need for a camera to capture an image of the eye; instead, light-sensing units at different locations in the non-display area are used to quickly determine the eye's gaze position. This reduces the amount of data, reduces information processing time, and improves response speed.

[0109] Eye movement trajectories obtained through eye tracking can be used as instructions in VR wearable devices, enhancing the interactivity between the eyes and VR wearable devices. In this way, instructions can be issued more conveniently through eye movements, providing stronger interactivity.

[0110] Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate other embodiments of the present disclosure after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A display panel having a display area and a non-display area located outside the display area, wherein: The display panel further includes: substrate substrate; A plurality of optical alignment structures are disposed on one side of the base substrate and located in the non-display area; A plurality of optical convergence structures are provided on one side of the base substrate and located in the display area; A plurality of photosensitive units are disposed between the base substrate and the optical alignment structure and located in the non-display area, and the plurality of photosensitive units correspond to the plurality of optical alignment structures one by one; The optical collimation structure is used to collect the infrared light reflected by the eyes onto the surface of the photosensitive unit; The multiple optical collimating structures and the multiple optical converging structures are formed in the same layer and made of the same material.

2. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: The angle range in which the light sensing unit receives infrared light is a collimation angle, and the collimation angle is calculated by the following formula: Among them, D is the distance between the eye and the photosensitive unit, m is the eye movement distance, w is the width of the eye movement range, q is the number of photosensitive units set in the sub-non-display area on one side of the display area, γ is the field of view of the eye viewing the display panel, and η is the viewing angle change value.

3. The display panel according to claim 2, wherein: The signal difference between two adjacent light sensing units is calculated by the following formulas: ΔS=S1-S0 4); S0=A1×α1+(A21+A22)×α2 5); S1=B3×α1+(B21+B22)×α2 6); Wherein, △S is the signal difference, S0 is the signal value of the first light sensing unit, S1 is the signal value of the second light sensing unit, A1 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the first light sensing unit on the pupil, A21 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the first light sensing unit on the iris on one side of the pupil, and A22 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the first light sensing unit on the iris on the other side of the pupil; B1 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the second light sensing unit on the through hole, B21 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the second light sensing unit on the iris on one side of the pupil, B22 is the coverage area of ​​the collimation angle corresponding to the second light sensing unit on the other side of the pupil, α1 is the reflectivity of the pupil to infrared light, and α2 is the reflectivity of the iris to infrared light.

4. The display panel according to claim 3, wherein: The coverage area of ​​the first light sensing unit on the pupil at the collimation angle is equal to the size of the pupil.

5. The display panel according to claim 4, wherein: The collimation angle is between 1.13 degrees and 3.9 degrees.

6. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: The optical collimation structure is a first microlens, and the focus of the first microlens is located on the surface of the photosensitive unit.

7. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein: The first microlens is a circular first microlens and / or a cylindrical first microlens, and the height of the cylindrical first microlens is greater than the diameter of the circular first microlens.

8. The display panel according to claim 7, wherein: The first microlens is a circular first microlens, and the radius of curvature of the circular first microlens satisfies: R=(n1×L1+......nt×Lt)×(nlens-1) 7); In the direction away from the base substrate, n1 is the refractive index of the first layer between the first microlens and the photosensitive unit, nt is the refractive index of the tth layer, L1 is the thickness of the first layer, Lt is the thickness of the tth layer, and R is the radius of curvature of the circular first microlens.

9. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: The display panel further comprises a filter structure, wherein the filter structure is arranged between the optical collimation structure and the light sensing unit, and the filter structure comprises a red filter layer, a green filter layer and a blue filter layer which are stacked.

10. The display panel according to claim 9, wherein: The display panel further includes a second light absorbing portion, which is disposed at the periphery of the filter structure. The orthographic projection of the second light absorbing portion on the base substrate forms an enclosing area, and the orthographic projection of the photosensitive unit on the base substrate covers the enclosing area.

11. The display panel according to claim 6, wherein: The first microlens is a columnar first microlens, including a columnar first microlens arranged along a first direction and a columnar first microlens arranged along a second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

12. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: The non-display area includes four sub-non-display areas located around the display area, one of the sub-non-display areas is provided with a binding circuit, and the remaining three sub-non-display areas are respectively provided with a group of the light sensing units.

13. The display panel according to claim 1, wherein: The display panel further includes a driving circuit layer, and the light sensing unit is arranged in the same layer as the driving circuit layer.

14. A display device, wherein: include: Optical path adjustment lens; An infrared light source is disposed at the periphery of the lens; The display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the display panel is arranged on a side of the infrared light source and the optical path adjustment lens away from the eye.

15. A method for identifying a gazed position of a display device according to claim 14, wherein: The method comprises: Send infrared light to the eyes through an infrared light source; When the infrared light reflected by the eye is reflected to the optical path collimation structure, if the infrared light signal amount sensed by a certain photosensitive unit is smaller than the infrared light signal amount of the photosensitive units in its surrounding area, it is determined that the pupil is looking at the position of the photosensitive unit.

Images