Method and device for performing communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

Provided are: a method for allowing a first device to perform wireless communication; and a device for supporting same. The method includes the steps of: transmitting a signal to a second device; receiving, from the second device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the transmitted signal; determining transmission power for a sensing signal on the basis of the reception power for the signal component related to the NLOS; and transmitting the sensing signal on the basis of the transmission power for the sensing signal.

Description

Method and device for performing communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, to mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and to high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] The present disclosure provides a device and method for effectively providing services in a wireless communication system. In particular, the present disclosure provides a method and device for communication.

[0006] In one embodiment, a method performed by a first device may be provided. The method may include: transmitting a signal to a second device; receiving, from the second device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the transmitted signal; determining transmission power for a sensing signal based on the reception power for the signal component related to NLOS; and transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0007] In one embodiment, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. The first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit a signal to a second device; receive, from the second device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the transmitted signal; determine transmission power for a sensing signal based on the reception power for the signal component related to the NLOS; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0008] In one embodiment, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. The processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit a signal to a second device; receive, from the second device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the transmitted signal; determine a transmission power for a sensing signal based on the reception power for the signal component related to the NLOS; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0009] In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. The instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: transmit a signal to a second device; receive, from the second device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the transmitted signal; determine transmission power for a sensing signal based on the reception power for the signal component related to NLOS; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0010] In one embodiment, a method performed by a second device may be provided. The method may include: receiving a signal from a first device; and transmitting, to the first device, information related to reception power for a signal component associated with non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the received signal. For example, a transmission power for a sensing signal may be determined based on the reception power for the signal component associated with NLOS. For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0011] In one embodiment, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. The second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: receive a signal from a first device; and transmit to the first device information related to reception power for a signal component associated with non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the received signal. For example, a transmission power for a sensing signal may be determined based on the reception power for the signal component associated with the NLOS. For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0012] In one embodiment, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. The processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: receive a signal from a first device; and transmit to the first device information related to reception power for a signal component associated with non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the received signal. For example, a transmission power for a sensing signal may be determined based on the reception power for the signal component associated with NLOS. For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0013] In one embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. The instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: receive a signal from a first device; and transmit to the first device information related to reception power for a signal component associated with non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the received signal. For example, based on the reception power for the signal component associated with NLOS, the transmission power for a sensing signal may be determined. For example, based on the transmission power for the sensing signal, the sensing signal may be transmitted.

[0014] The present disclosure can provide a device and method for effectively providing services in a wireless communication system. For example, communication can be performed efficiently through the embodiments proposed in the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 2 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE connected to a Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or an E-UTRAN, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 10 illustrates an implementation example of a network for measuring the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support LPP (LTE Positioning Protocol) message transmission between an LMF and a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 14 illustrates a double-sided RTT according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless communication environment according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a method for sensing an object, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a method for sensing an object, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 18 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 19 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] Fig. 20 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 21 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 22 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] FIG. 23 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 24 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 25 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0041] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0042] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0043] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0044] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0045] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0046] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0047] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0048] In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being preset to a device.

[0049] The technology proposed in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0050] The technology proposed in this specification can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0051] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0052] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0053] - Satellite integrated network

[0054] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0055] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0056] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0057] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0058] - small cell networks

[0059] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0060] - High-capacity backhaul

[0061] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0062] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0063] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0064] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0065] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (Sub-THz band) is considered a major portion of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Figure 2 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0066] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0067] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0068] - Optical wireless technology

[0069] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0070] - Quantum communication

[0071] - Cell-free communication

[0072] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0073] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0074] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0075] - Big data analysis

[0076] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0077] - metaverse

[0078] - Blockchain

[0079] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0080] - Advanced air mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher concept than urban air mobility (UAM), which is an air transportation method available in urban areas, and can refer to a means of transportation that includes movement between regional hubs as well as within urban areas.

[0081] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0082] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the playback payload, a satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figures 3 and 4 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0083] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 5 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 5 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0084] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), and L3 (layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0085] The physical layer provides information transmission services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, via a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified based on how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface.

[0086] Data travels between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of a transmitter and a receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources.

[0087] The MAC layer provides services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing, which maps multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

[0088] The RLC layer performs the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs). To guarantee the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0089] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels, related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by Layer 1 (physical layer or PHY layer) and Layer 2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0090] The functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0091] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. It performs mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers, marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) within downlink and uplink packets, and more.

[0092] Establishing an RB refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. RBs can be further divided into two types: the Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) and the Data Radio Bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0093] When an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Otherwise, it is in the RRC_IDLE state. For NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0094] Downlink transmission channels that transmit data from the network to the terminal include the Broadcast Channel (BCH), which transmits system information, and the downlink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted through the downlink SCH or a separate downlink Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels that transmit data from the terminal to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH), which transmits initial control messages, and the uplink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages.

[0095] Logical channels that are located above the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0096] Radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can contain 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0097] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0098] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0099] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0100] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0101] Referring to FIG. 6, a slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) may be defined as a plurality (e.g., 12) of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication may be performed through activated BWPs. Each element may be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0102] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) for a given numerology. A PRB can be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0103] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0104] Referring to Figure 7, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0105] BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0106] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0107] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0108] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0109] In this specification, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a sidelink-related control channel, a sidelink-related physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a sidelink-related shared channel, a sidelink-related physical shared channel, etc.

[0110] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0111] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) to the first terminal. For example, the sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the sensing resources (e.g., UL resources or SL resources) may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0112] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0113] In step S810, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling SL.

[0114] Referring to (b) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by the base station / network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S810, the first terminal that has selected resources by itself within the resource pool transmits PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1) using the resources. st -stage SCI) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S820, the first terminal transmits the PSSCH (e.g., 2) related to the PSCCH. nd -stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0115] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In the present specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH is 1 st SCI, 1st SCI, 1st -stage SCI or 1 st -stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted on the PSSCH is 2 nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2 nd -stage SCI or 2 nd -It can be called a stage SCI format.

[0116] For example, 1 st -stage SCI format may include SCI format 1-A and / or SCI format 1-B, and 2 nd -stage SCI formats may include SCI Format 2-A, SCI Format 2-B, SCI Format 2-C, and / or SCI Format 2-D.

[0117] Below, an example of SCI format 1-A is described.

[0118] SCI Format 1-A is a 2-bit format on the PSSCH and PSSCH nd -stage is used for scheduling SCI.

[0119] The following information is transmitted using SCI Format 1-A.

[0120] - Priority - 3 bits

[0121] - Frequency resource allocation - If the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2, then ceiling (log2(N SL subChannel(N SL subChannel+1) / 2)) bits; otherwise, if the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3, ceiling log2(N SL subChannel(N SL subChannel+1)(2N SL subChannel+1) / 6) bits

[0122] - Time resource allocation - 5 bits if the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2; otherwise, 9 bits if the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3.

[0123] - Resource reservation cycle - ceiling (log2N) rsv_period ) bits, where N rsv_period The number of entries in the upper layer parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList if the upper layer parameter sl-MultiReserveResource is set; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0124] - DMRS pattern - ceiling (log2N pattern ) bits, where N pattern is the number of DMRS patterns set by the upper layer parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList.

[0125] - 2 nd -stage SCI format - 2 bits

[0126] - Beta_Offsets indicator - 2 bits as provided by the upper layer parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0127] - Number of DMRS ports - 1 bit

[0128] - Modulation and coding method - 5 bits

[0129] - Additional MCS table indicator - 1 bit if one MCS table is set by the upper layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 2 bits if two MCS tables are set by the upper layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; otherwise 0 bits

[0130] - PSFCH Overhead Indicator - 1 bit if the upper layer parameter sl-PSFCH-Period = 2 or 4; otherwise 0 bit

[0131] - Reserved bits - The number of bits determined by the upper layer parameter sl-NumReservedBits, whose value is set to 0.

[0132] Below, an example of SCI format 2-A is described.

[0133] In HARQ operation, when HARQ-ACK information contains ACK or NACK, or when HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK, or when there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-A is used for decoding PSSCH.

[0134] The following information is transmitted via SCI Format 2-A.

[0135] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0136] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0137] - Redundancy version - 2 bits

[0138] - Source ID - 8 bits

[0139] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0140] - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit

[0141] - Cast type indicator - 2 bits as defined in Table 3

[0142] - CSI request - 1 bit

[0143] Cast Type Indicator ValueCast Type00Broadcast01Groupcast if HARQ-ACK information contains ACK or NACK10Unicast11Groupcast if HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK

[0144] Below, an example of SCI format 2-B is described.

[0145] In HARQ operation, when HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK or there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-B is used for decoding PSSCH.

[0146] The following information is transmitted via SCI Format 2-B.

[0147] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0148] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0149] - Redundancy version - 2 bits

[0150] - Source ID - 8 bits

[0151] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0152] - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit

[0153] - Zone ID - 12 bits

[0154] - Communication range requirement - 4 bits determined by the upper layer parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index

[0155] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, in step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0156] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in step S840, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0157] Below, positioning is explained.

[0158] FIG. 9 illustrates an example architecture in a 5G system capable of positioning a UE connected to a Next Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) or E-UTRAN, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0159] Referring to FIG. 9, the AMF may receive a request for location services related to a specific target UE from another entity, such as a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC), or the AMF itself may decide to initiate location services on behalf of a specific target UE. Then, the AMF may transmit a location service request to a Location Management Function (LMF). The LMF, which has received the location service request, may process the location service request and return a processing result, including an estimated location of the UE, to the AMF. Meanwhile, if the location service request is received from another entity, such as a GMLC, other than the AMF, the AMF may forward the processing result received from the LMF to the other entity.

[0160] ng-eNB (new generation evolved-NB) and gNB are network elements of NG-RAN that can provide measurement results for position estimation. They can measure radio signals for target UEs and transmit the results to the LMF. In addition, ng-eNB can control several Transmission Points (TPs), such as remote radio heads (REHs), or PRS-only TPs that support a PRS-based beacon system for E-UTRA.

[0161] The LMF is connected to an Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center (E-SMLC), and the E-SMLC can enable the LMF to access the E-UTRAN. For example, the E-SMLC can enable the LMF to support Observed Time Difference Of Arrival (OTDOA), one of the positioning methods of the E-UTRAN, by utilizing downlink measurements acquired by the target UE via signals transmitted from the eNB and / or PRS-dedicated TPs in the E-UTRAN.

[0162] Meanwhile, the LMF can be connected to the SUPL Location Platform (SLP). The LMF can support and manage different positioning services for target UEs. The LMF can interact with the serving ng-eNB or serving gNB for the target UE to obtain the position measurement of the UE. For the positioning of the target UE, the LMF can determine the positioning method based on the Location Service (LCS) client type, the required Quality of Service (QoS), the UE positioning capabilities, the gNB positioning capabilities, and the ng-eNB positioning capabilities, and can apply the positioning method to the serving gNB and / or serving ng-eNB. In addition, the LMF can determine the position estimate for the target UE and additional information such as the accuracy of the position estimate and velocity. The SLP is a Secure User Plane Location (SUPL) entity responsible for positioning through the user plane.

[0163] The UE may measure downlink signals from sources such as the NG-RAN and E-UTRAN, different Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Terrestrial Beacon Systems (TBS), Wireless Local Access Network (WLAN) access points, Bluetooth beacons, and UE barometric pressure sensors. The UE may include an LCS application, or may access an LCS application through communication with a network to which the UE is connected or through other applications included in the UE. The LCS application may include measurement and calculation functions necessary to determine the location of the UE. For example, the UE may include an independent positioning function, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS), and may report the UE's location independently of NG-RAN transmissions. This independently acquired positioning information may be utilized as supplementary information to the positioning information acquired from the network.

[0164] FIG. 10 illustrates an implementation example of a network for measuring the location of a UE according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0165] When the AMF receives a location service request while the UE is in the Connection Management - IDLE (CM-IDLE) state, the AMF may establish a signaling connection with the UE and request a network trigger service to allocate a specific serving gNB or ng-eNB. This operation process is omitted in Fig. 10. That is, in Fig. 10, it can be assumed that the UE is in connected mode. However, the signaling connection may be released by the NG-RAN during the positioning process due to reasons such as signaling and data inactivity.

[0166] Referring to FIG. 10, the network operation process for specifically measuring the location of a UE will be described below. In step 1a, a 5GC entity such as a GMLC may request a location service to measure the location of a target UE from a serving AMF. However, even if the GMLC does not request a location service, the serving AMF may determine, according to step 1b, that a location service is necessary to measure the location of the target UE. For example, the serving AMF may decide to directly perform a location service to measure the location of a UE for an emergency call.

[0167] Thereafter, the AMF may transmit a location service request to the LMF according to step 2, and the LMF may initiate location procedures with the serving ng-eNB and the serving gNB according to step 3a to obtain location measurement data or location measurement assistance data. Additionally, the LMF may initiate location procedures for downlink positioning with the UE according to step 3b. For example, the LMF may transmit location assistance data (Assistance data defined in 3GPP TS 36.355) to the UE, or obtain a location estimate or a location measurement. Meanwhile, step 3b may be performed additionally after step 3a is performed, or may be performed instead of step 3a.

[0168] In step 4, the LMF may provide a location service response to the AMF. The location service response may also include information about whether the UE's location estimation was successful and an estimate of the UE's location. If the procedure of FIG. 10 was initiated by step 1a, the AMF may forward the location service response to a 5GC entity, such as the GMLC. If the procedure of FIG. 10 was initiated by step 1b, the AMF may utilize the location service response to provide location services related to emergency calls, etc.

[0169] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support transmission of an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) message between an LMF and a UE according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0170] LPP PDUs can be transmitted via NAS PDUs between AMF and UE. Referring to FIG. 11, LPP can be terminated between a target device (e.g., a UE in the control plane or a SUPL Enabled Terminal (SET) in the user plane) and a location server (e.g., an LMF in the control plane or an SLP in the user plane). LPP messages can be transmitted in the form of transparent PDUs over an intermediate network interface using a suitable protocol, such as NGAP (NG Application Protocol) over the NG-C (NG-Control Plane) interface, NAS / RRC over the LTE-Uu and NR-Uu interfaces. The LPP protocol enables positioning for NR and LTE using various positioning methods.

[0171] For example, via the LPP protocol, a target device and a location server can exchange capability information, auxiliary data for positioning, and / or location information. Additionally, LPP messages can be used to exchange error information and / or indicate the termination of an LPP procedure.

[0172] FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a protocol layer used to support NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) PDU transmission between an LMF and an NG-RAN node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0173] NRPPa can be used to exchange information between NG-RAN nodes and LMFs. Specifically, NRPPa can exchange Enhanced-Cell IDs (E-CIDs) for measurements transmitted from ng-eNBs to LMFs, data to support OTDOA positioning methods, Cell-IDs for NR Cell ID positioning methods, and Cell Location IDs. Even if the AMF does not have information about the associated NRPPa transactions, it can route NRPPa PDUs based on the routing ID of the associated LMF through the NG-C interface.

[0174] The NRPPa protocol's procedures for location and data collection can be divided into two types. The first type is a UE-associated procedure for conveying information about a specific UE (e.g., position measurement information, etc.), and the second type is a non-UE-associated procedure for conveying information applicable to NG-RAN nodes and associated TPs (e.g., gNB / ng-eNB / TP timing information, etc.). These two types of procedures may be supported independently or simultaneously.

[0175] Meanwhile, the positioning methods supported by NG-RAN may include GNSS, OTDOA, E-CID (enhanced cell ID), barometric pressure sensor positioning, WLAN positioning, Bluetooth positioning, terrestrial beacon system (TBS), and UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival). Among the above positioning methods, the position of the UE may be measured using any one of the positioning methods, but the position of the UE may also be measured using two or more positioning methods.

[0176] (1) OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival)

[0177] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an OTDOA (Observed Time Difference Of Arrival) positioning method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0178] The OTDOA positioning method utilizes the timing measurements of downlink signals received by the UE from multiple TPs, including the eNB, ng-eNB, and PRS-dedicated TPs. The UE measures the timing of the received downlink signals using location assistance data received from a location server. Based on these measurement results and the geographic coordinates of neighboring TPs, the UE's location can be determined.

[0179] A UE connected to a gNB can request a measurement gap for OTDOA measurements from a TP. If the UE does not recognize a Single Frequency Network (SFN) for at least one TP in the OTDOA assistance data, the UE may use an autonomous gap to obtain the SFN of the OTDOA reference cell before requesting a measurement gap to perform Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD) measurements.

[0180] Here, the RSTD can be defined based on the smallest relative time difference between the boundaries of two subframes received from the reference cell and the measurement cell, respectively. That is, the RSTD can be calculated based on the relative time difference between the start time of the subframe of the reference cell that is closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell and the start time of the subframe of the reference cell that is closest to the start time of the subframe received from the measurement cell. Meanwhile, the reference cell can be selected by the UE.

[0181] Accurate OTDOA measurement requires measuring the time of arrival (TOA) of signals received from three or more geographically dispersed TPs or base stations. For example, the TOA for TP 1, TP 2, and TP 3 can be measured, and based on the three TOAs, the RSTD for TP 1-TP 2, the RSTD for TP 2-TP 3, and the RSTD for TP 3-TP 1 can be calculated. Based on these, a geometric hyperbola can be determined, and the point where these hyperbolas intersect can be used to estimate the UE's location. In this case, since each TOA measurement may have accuracy and / or uncertainty, the estimated UE's location may be known within a certain range depending on the measurement uncertainty.

[0182] For example, the RSTD for two TPs can be calculated based on Equation 1.

[0183]

[0184] Here, c is the speed of light, and {x t , y t} are the (unknown) coordinates of the target UE, and {x i , y i} are the coordinates of the (known) TP, and {x1, y1} can be the coordinates of the reference TP (or another TP). Here, (T i -T1) is the transmission time offset between two TPs, which can be called "Real Time Differences" (RTDs), and n i , n1 can represent a value related to the UE TOA measurement error.

[0185] (2) E-CID (Enhanced Cell ID)

[0186] In the Cell ID (CID) positioning method, the location of the UE can be measured through geographic information of the UE's serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell. For example, geographic information of the serving ng-eNB, serving gNB, and / or serving cell can be obtained through paging, registration, etc.

[0187] Meanwhile, the E-CID positioning method may utilize additional UE measurements and / or NG-RAN radio resources in addition to the CID positioning method to improve the UE position estimate. In the E-CID positioning method, some of the same measurement methods as the measurement control system of the RRC protocol may be used, but generally, additional measurements are not performed solely for UE position measurement. In other words, a separate measurement configuration or measurement control message may not be provided to measure the UE's position, and the UE may not expect to be requested to perform additional measurement operations solely for position measurement, and may report measurements obtained through measurement methods generally available to the UE.

[0188] For example, a serving gNB can implement an E-CID positioning method using E-UTRA measurements provided from the UE.

[0189] Examples of measurement elements that can be used for E-CID positioning include:

[0190] - UE measurements: E-UTRA RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), E-UTRA RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), UE E-UTRA Rx-Tx Time difference, GERAN (GSM EDGE Random Access Network) / WLAN RSSI (Reference Signal Strength Indication), UTRAN CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) RSCP (Received Signal Code Power), UTRAN CPICH Ec / Io

[0191] - E-UTRAN measurements: ng-eNB Rx-Tx Time difference, Timing Advance (TADV), Angle of Arrival (AoA)

[0192] Here, TADV can be divided into Type 1 and Type 2 as follows.

[0193] TADV Type 1 = (ng-eNB RX-TX time difference) + (UE E-UTRA RX-TX time difference)

[0194] TADV Type 2 = ng-eNB receive-transmit time difference

[0195] Meanwhile, AoA can be used to measure the direction of a UE. AoA can be defined as an estimated angle relative to the UE's position in a counterclockwise direction from a base station / TP. In this case, the geographical reference direction may be north. The base station / TP can use uplink signals such as a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS) and / or a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) for AoA measurement. In addition, the larger the antenna array array, the higher the AoA measurement accuracy. When antenna arrays are arranged at equal intervals, signals received from adjacent antenna elements can have a constant phase shift (phase-rotate).

[0196] (3) UTDOA (Uplink Time Difference of Arrival)

[0197] UTDOA is a method for determining the location of a UE by estimating the arrival time of the SRS. When calculating the estimated SRS arrival time, the serving cell is used as a reference cell, and the UE's location can be estimated based on the arrival time difference with other cells (or base stations / TPs). To implement UTDOA, the E-SMLC can designate the serving cell of the target UE to instruct the target UE to transmit SRS. In addition, the E-SMLC can provide configuration settings such as whether the SRS is periodic or aperiodic, bandwidth, and frequency / group / sequence hopping.

[0198] (4) RTT (Round Trip Time)

[0199] Real-Time Telemetry (RTT) is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between a target entity and a server entity even when the two entities are not synchronized. When RTT is performed with multiple server entities, the distance from each server entity can be measured individually. Furthermore, by drawing a circle using the distances measured from each server entity, absolute positioning of the target entity can be determined based on the point where each circle intersects. This can be referred to as multi-RTT.

[0200] Here's how RTT is performed between two entities: Entity #1 can transmit PRS #1 at t1, and Entity #2 can receive PRS #1 at t2. After Entity #2 receives PRS #1, Entity #2 can transmit PRS #2 at t3, and Entity #1 can receive PRS #2 at t4. In this case, the distance D between the two entities can be calculated as follows.

[0201]

[0202] For RTT between UE and gNB, the distance between UE and gNB can be calculated based on Equation 2 above using the UE Rx - Tx time difference and the gNB Rx - Tx time difference in the table below.

[0203] (5) Double-side RTT

[0204] Double-sided RTT is a positioning technology that can measure the distance between a target entity and a server entity even when there is a sampling clock frequency offset between the two entities.

[0205] Here's how to perform a double-sided RTT between two entities:

[0206] FIG. 14 illustrates a double-sided RTT according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0207] Double-sided RTT is widely used in ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning and can reduce the impact of clock errors. Referring to Fig. 14, the propagation delay T is measured by two measurements (i.e., T round1 , T round2 , T reply1 , T reply2 ) can be estimated. For example, the propagation delay T can be estimated based on mathematical expression 3.

[0208]

[0209] And, T round1 ×T round2 -T reply1 ×T reply2 can be obtained based on mathematical formula 4.

[0210]

[0211] Therefore, the propagation delay T can be estimated as in Equation 5.

[0212]

[0213] In this case, the propagation delay estimation error due to clock error can be obtained based on mathematical expression 6.

[0214]

[0215] Here, e UE1 and e UE2 can be the clock offset of UE1 and UE2, may be the estimated propagation delay between UE1 and UE2.

[0216] For example, the following may represent an example of a reference signal time difference (RSTD). For example, the following RSTD may be applied for SL positioning.

[0217] Reference signal time difference (RSTD)

[0218] - Definition: The relative time difference between E-UTRA neighbor cell j and E-UTRA reference cell i is T SubframeRxj -T SubframeRxi can be defined as, where: T SubframeRxj may be the time when the UE receives the start of one subframe from E-UTRA cell j, and T SubframeRxi may be the time at which the UE receives the start of the subframe from E-UTRA cell i, which is closest to the time of one subframe received from E-UTRA cell j. The reference point for the observed subframe time difference may be the antenna connector of the UE.

[0219] - Applicable target: RRC_CONNECTED inter-RAT

[0220] For example, the following may represent an example of DL PRS RSRP (reference signal received power). For example, the following DL PRS RSRP may be applied for SL positioning.

[0221] DL PRS RSRP(reference signal received power)

[0222] - Definition: DL PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) may be defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in units of [W]) of resource elements carrying the DL PRS reference signal established for RSRP measurement within the considered measurement frequency band. For frequency range 1, the reference point for DL ​​PRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, DL PRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency ranges 1 and 2, if receive diversity is used by the UE, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding DL PRS-RSRP value of any one of the individual receiver branches.

[0223] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency, RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency

[0224] For example, the following may represent an example of DL RSTD (relative signal time difference). For example, the following DL RSTD may be applied for SL positioning.

[0225] DL relative signal time difference (RSTD)

[0226] - Definition: The DL RSTD between positioning node j and reference positioning node i is TSubframeRxj -T SubframeRxi can be defined as . Here, T SubframeRxj may be the time when the UE receives the start of one subframe from positioning node j, and T SubframeRxi may be the time at which the UE receives the start of a subframe from positioning node i, which is closest to the time at which the UE receives a subframe from positioning node j. Multiple DL PRS resources may be used to determine the start of a subframe from a positioning node. For frequency range 1, the reference point for DL ​​RSTD may be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for DL ​​RSTD may be the antenna of the UE.

[0227] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency, RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency

[0228] For example, the following may represent an example of a UE Rx-Tx time difference. For example, the following UE Rx-Tx time difference may be applied for SL positioning.

[0229] UE Rx-Tx time difference

[0230] - Definition: UE Rx-Tx time difference is T UE-RX -T UE-TX can be defined as . Here, T UE-RX may be the UE reception timing of downlink subframe #i from the positioning node and may be defined as the first detected path in time, and T UE-TXmay be the UE transmission timing of the uplink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the positioning node. Multiple DL PRS resources may be used to determine the start of one subframe of the first arrival path of the positioning node. For frequency range 1, T UE-RX The reference point for measurement can be the Rx antenna connector of the UE and T UE-TX The reference point for measurement may be the Tx antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, T UE-RX The reference point for measurement can be the Rx antenna of the UE and T UE-TX The reference point for measurement may be the Tx antenna of the UE.

[0231] - Applicable to: RRC_CONNECTED intra-frequency, RRC_CONNECTED inter-frequency

[0232] For example, the following is UL RTOA (UL Relative Time of Arrival)(T UL-RTOA ) can be used as an example. For example, the following UL RTOA can be applied for SL positioning.

[0233] UL RTOA (UL Relative Time of Arrival)(T UL-RTOA )

[0234] - Definition: UL RTOA (UL Relative Time of Arrival) (T UL-RTOA ) may mean the start of subframe i containing SRS received at positioning node j for a configurable reference time. SRS resources for multiple positioning may be used to determine the start of one subframe containing SRS received at the positioning node. T UL-RTOAThe reference points may be: - for Type 1-C base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx antenna connector, - for Type 1-O or 2-O base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx antenna, - for Type 1-H base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0235] For example, the following shows an example of a gNB Rx-Tx time difference. For example, the following gNB Rx-Tx time difference can be applied for SL positioning.

[0236] gNB Rx-Tx time difference

[0237] Definition: gNB Rx-Tx time difference is T gNB-RX -T gNB-TX can be defined as . Here, T gNB-RX may be the positioning node reception timing of uplink subframe #i containing SRS associated with the UE, which may be defined as the first detected path in time. T gNB-TX may be the positioning node transmission timing of the downlink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the UE. SRS resources for multiple positioning may be used to determine the start of one subframe containing the SRS. T gNB-RX The reference points for may be: - for type 1-C base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx antenna, - for type 1-H base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Rx transceiver array boundary connector. T gNB-TXThe reference points may be: - for type 1-C base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Tx antenna connector, - for type 1-O or 2-O base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Tx antenna, - for type 1-H base stations TS 38.104 [9]: Tx transceiver array boundary connector.

[0238] For example, the following shows an example of UL AoA (Angle of Arrival). For example, the following UL AoA can be applied for SL positioning.

[0239] UL AoA(Angle of Arrival)

[0240] - Definition: UL AoA (Angle of Arrival) may be defined as the estimated azimuth and vertical angles of the UE with respect to a reference direction, where the reference direction may be defined as follows: - In the global coordinate system (GCS), the estimated azimuth may be measured with respect to the geographic north and may be positive in a counterclockwise direction, and the estimated vertical angle may be measured with respect to the zenith and may be positive in the horizontal direction. - In the local coordinate system (LCS), the estimated azimuth may be measured with respect to the x-axis of the LCS and may be positive in a counterclockwise direction, and the estimated vertical angle may be measured with respect to the z-axis of the LCS and may be positive in the xy-plane direction. The azimuth, downward angle, and inclination angle of the LCS may be defined according to TS 38.901

[0014] . The UL AoA may be determined at the gNB antenna for the UL channel corresponding to this UE.

[0241] For example, the following shows an example of UL SRS RSRP (reference signal received power). For example, the following UL SRS RSRP can be applied for SL positioning.

[0242] UL SRS reference signal received power (RSRP)

[0243] Definition: The UL SRS reference signal received power (RSRP) may be defined as the linear average of the power contributions (in units of [W]) of the resource elements carrying the sounding reference signals (SRS). The UL SRS RSRP may be measured based on a configured resource element within a measurement frequency band considered in a configured measurement time opportunity. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the UL SRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the gNB. For frequency range 2, the UL SRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from the antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency ranges 1 and 2, if receive diversity is used by the gNB, the reported UL SRS-RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding UL SRS-RSRP value of any one of the individual receiver branches.

[0244] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a wireless communication environment according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0245] Referring to FIG. 15, a first device (1510), a second device (1520), and a third device (1530) are exemplified as some of the devices that utilize a wireless channel in a wireless communication system. FIG. 15 illustrates only one first device (1510), one second device (1520), and one third device (1530), but is not limited thereto.

[0246] According to the present disclosure, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can transmit and receive wireless signals in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band. For example, to improve channel gain, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can perform beamforming. Here, the beamforming can include transmit beamforming and receive beamforming. For example, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can impart directionality to a transmit signal or a receive signal. For example, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) can select serving beams (1512, 1513, 1521, 1531) through a beam search or beam management procedure. After the serving beams (1512, 1513, 1521, 1531) are selected, communication can be performed through resources that are in a quasi-co-located (QCL) relationship with the resources that transmitted the serving beams (1512, 1513, 1521, 1531).

[0247] According to the present disclosure, the first device (1510), the second device (1520), and / or the third device (1530) may include an antenna array. Each antenna included in the antenna array may be referred to as an array element or an antenna element. The antenna array may be configured in various forms, such as a linear array or a multi-layer array. The antenna array may be referred to as a massive antenna array. For example, the antenna array may include a plurality of sub-arrays each including a plurality of antenna elements.

[0248] Meanwhile, in the conventional NR Uu (operation between a base station and a UE), a new beam management operation has been introduced at mmWave frequencies. For example, the beam management operation may be beam scheduling, beam selection, beam failure recovery, etc. In the present disclosure, the beam management (e.g., beam failure recovery) operation is proposed as follows. For example, the following proposal may be an operation related to beam management in NR. Meanwhile, the following proposal is not limited to NR. For example, the following proposal may be an operation related to beam management in sidelink. Meanwhile, the following proposal is not limited to sidelink. For example, the following proposal may be an operation related to beam management in NR sidelink.

[0249] The terminal can perform the following motion-based FR2 (mmWave frequency-based communication) operations. For example, FR2 may be sidelink FR2. For example, sidelink FR2 may be sidelink mmWave frequency-based communication. Meanwhile, the motion-based operations below are not limited to sidelink FR2. The present disclosure is not limited to sidelink FR2. For example, the present disclosure can be applied to 5G FR2 or FR2 beyond 5G (e.g., 6G FR2).

[0250] - Beam sweeping operation: The terminal may perform an operation of sweeping the beams to be used for communication to find the best beam (e.g., a transmission beam, a reception beam). For example, the terminal may perform an operation of covering a spatial area using the transmission and / or reception beams for a predetermined time interval in a predetermined manner. For example, communication in the beam sweeping operation may be sidelink communication.

[0251] - Beam measurement operation: The terminal can perform an operation of measuring a reference signal (RS) transmitted by a counterpart terminal and finding an RS whose measurement value is greater than a threshold.

[0252] - Beam selection operation: The terminal can perform an operation of selecting the best beam (e.g., transmission beam, reception beam) based on the beam measurement result.

[0253] - Beam reporting operation: The terminal can perform an operation of reporting the selected best beam to the other terminal or base station.

[0254] - Beam pairing operation: Terminals can perform an operation to synchronize (pair) beams (e.g., transmission beam / reception beam) with each other to enable communication through beams (e.g., transmission beam / reception beam) between terminals.

[0255] (Sidelink) (In FR2) For beam management (e.g., beam sweeping, beam measurement, beam selection, beam pairing) of terminals, terminals can transmit and receive reference signals (RS) to select / decide and adjust / manage BEAMs that can be used between each other.

[0256] In this disclosure, the following terms may be used.

[0257] - LMF: Location Management Function

[0258] - UE-triggered SL positioning: SL (sidelink) positioning where the procedure is triggered by the UE.

[0259] - SL positioning triggered by base station / LMF: SL positioning where the procedure is triggered by base station / LMF.

[0260] - UE-controlled SL positioning: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is created by the UE.

[0261] - SL positioning controlled by the base station: SL positioning where the SL positioning group is generated by the base station.

[0262] - UE-based SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE location is calculated by the UE.

[0263] - UE-assisted SL positioning: SL positioning where the UE position is calculated by the base station / LMF.

[0264] - SL positioning group: UEs participating in SL positioning

[0265] - T-UE (Target UE): UE whose position is calculated

[0266] - S-UE (Server UE): UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0267] - Anchor UE: A UE that assists T-UE's positioning

[0268] - MG: Measurement gap where only SL PRS transmission is allowed

[0269] - MW: Measurement window where both SL data and SL PRS can be transmitted in a multiplexed way

[0270] - SL PRS: Sidelink positioning reference signal

[0271] - CCH: Control Channel

[0272] - IUC (Inter-UE coordination) message: A message received by a TX UE from other UEs, including a RX UE, that includes information about a set of resources suitable for transmission by the TX UE to the RX UE (preferred resources) and / or information about a set of resources not suitable for transmission (non-preferred resources).

[0273] - JCAS: Joint Communication and Sensing

[0274] - RIS: Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

[0275] For example, an SL PRS transmission resource may be composed of an SL PRS resource set consisting of the following information:

[0276] - SL PRS resource set ID

[0277] - SL PRS Resource ID List: List of SL PRS resource IDs within the SL PRS resource set.

[0278] - SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

[0279] - Alpha for SL PRS power control

[0280] - P0 for SL PRS power control

[0281] - Path loss reference for SL PRS power control: Can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0282] For example, the above SL PRS resource set may be composed of SL PRS resources composed of the following information.

[0283] - SL PRS resource ID

[0284] - SL PRS comb size: Interval between REs where SL PRS is transmitted within a symbol

[0285] - SL PRS comb offset: RE index where SL PRS is first transmitted within the first SL PRS symbol.

[0286] - SL PRS comb cyclic shift: A cyclic shift used to generate the sequence that constitutes the SL PRS.

[0287] - SL PRS start position: The index of the first symbol transmitting SL PRS within a slot.

[0288] - Number of SL PRS symbols: The number of symbols that make up the SL PRS in one slot.

[0289] - Frequency domain shift: The lowest frequency position (index) at which the SL PRS is transmitted in the frequency domain.

[0290] - SL PRS BW: Frequency bandwidth used for SL PRS transmission

[0291] - SL PRS resource type: can be set to periodic or aperiodic or semi-persistent or on-demand

[0292] - SL PRS periodicity: the period in the time domain between SL PRS resources, a unit of physical or logical slot in the resource pool where SL PRS is transmitted.

[0293] - SL PRS Offset: The offset in the time domain from the start of the first SL PRS resource to the reference timing, in units of physical or logical slots in the resource pool where the SL PRS is transmitted. The reference timing may be SFN=0 or DFN=0, or the time of successful reception or decoding of RRC / MAC-CE / DCI / SCI associated with the SL PRS resource.

[0294] - SL PRS sequence ID

[0295] - SL PRS spatial relation: can be set to SL SSB or DL ​​PRS or UL SRS or UL SRS for positioning or PSCCH DMRS or PSSCH DMRS or PSFCH or SL CSI RS, etc.

[0296] - SL PRS CCH: SL PRS control channel. Can signal SL PRS resource configuration information and resource location, etc.

[0297] Meanwhile, existing radar technology operates in a mono-static manner, so that the radar signal transmitted by a transmitting entity is reflected by an object to be sensed, and the transmitting entity receives the received signal, which may have a problem in that the received signal power is reduced in proportion to the m square of the distance between the transmitting entity and the object (for example, m=4 in free space).

[0298] In the present disclosure, a method and a device supporting the same can be proposed for improving the performance of object detection by a radar signal, in which a radar signal transmitted by a transmitting entity based on an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system is reflected by an object to be sensed, and a receiving entity different from the transmitting entity receives the signal.

[0299] For example, the power of a signal transmitted and received by a radar may generally have a characteristic of attenuating in proportion to the fourth power of the distance from the object to be detected. For example, when a radar receives a signal reflected from an object in response to a signal transmitted by the radar, the power of the received signal may have a characteristic of attenuating in proportion to the fourth power of the distance from the object to be detected. This characteristic can be derived by mathematical equation 7.

[0300]

[0301] Here, P t can be the transmit power [W], and P r can be the received power [W], and G t can be the transmit antenna gain, and G rcan be the receive antenna gain, σ can be the radar cross section, and A er may be the effective aperture area of ​​the receive antenna.

[0302] For example, the transmission power of radar / sensing signals for object detection transmitted based on an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system needs to be limited in consideration of interference with communication signals. Therefore, radar / sensing signals for object detection transmitted based on an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system may be unsuitable for sensing objects at a long distance because they transmit a large signal power, unlike general radar transmission signals. In addition, since only a portion of the signal incident on the object is reflected and received, the reception signal power may be further attenuated, which may have the problem of deteriorating reception performance.

[0303] FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a method for sensing an object, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0304] Referring to FIG. 16, to implement the bistatic radar function based on the ISAC system, the UE can transmit a sensing signal, and the base station can receive a signal reflected from an object from the transmitted sensing signal. Through this, the base station can operate to sense the object.

[0305] For example, the sensing signal may be a dedicated signal for sensing purposes, and / or may be a positioning reference signal capable of performing positioning, and / or may be a reference signal that may be used for communication, such as a demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS), a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), or a sounding reference signal (SRS), and / or may be a fused signal for both sensing and communication purposes.

[0306] For example, the entity transmitting the signal may be a transceiver point and / or a terminal and / or a base station. For example, the entity transmitting the signal may be a transmitting radar. For example, the entity receiving the signal may be a transceiver point and / or a terminal and / or a base station. For example, the entity receiving the signal may be a receiving radar. For example, the entity receiving the signal may be separate from the entity transmitting the signal. For example, the entity transmitting the signal may be transceiver point 1. For example, the entity receiving the signal may be transceiver point 2. Bistatic radar technology may involve the entity receiving the signal being separate from the entity transmitting the signal. For example, bistatic radar technology may involve sensing. For example, bistatic radar technology may involve entities that sense and receive signals that are separate from the entity that transmits the signal. For example, a signal transmitted from the entity that transmits the signal may be referred to as a transmitted signal. For example, the transmitted signal may be a signal transmitted for sensing. For example, the entity that transmits the signal may transmit the signal for sensing. For example, the entity that transmits the signal may transmit the signal to a geographical area where sensing will be performed. For example, the geographical area where sensing will be performed may be a sensing location. For example, a signal reflected from an object may be referred to as a reflected signal. For example, an entity that receives the signal based on the reflected signal may perform sensing.

[0307] In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, in the case of a bistatic radar technology in which a signal transmitted by a transmitting radar is reflected from an object and is received by a receiving radar separate from the transmitting radar to sense the object, the power of the signal received by the receiving radar may have a characteristic of being attenuated in proportion to the nth power of the product of the distance between the transmitting radar and the object and the distance between the receiving radar and the object (for example, n=2 in free space). Therefore, when the distance between the receiving radar and the object is relatively short, it may have the advantage of improving the detection performance for the object. This characteristic can be derived by mathematical expression 8.

[0308]

[0309] Here, P TX can be the transmit signal power, and P RX can be the received signal power, and R TX can be the transmitter to target distance, and R RX can be the receiver to target distance, and G TX can be the transmit antenna gain, and G RX can be the receive antenna gain, λ can be the wavelength, and RCS can be the radar cross section.

[0310] Existing wireless communication systems lack a defined method for controlling the transmit power of sensing signals during UL bi-static sensing. This lack of control can lead to inefficiencies and inaccuracies in power allocation for sensing signals. Specifically, existing systems lack a mechanism to determine appropriate transmit power by focusing on the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) component of the signal, making it difficult to exclude line-of-sight (LOS) signal components. Consequently, the inability to identify and appropriately adjust the NLOS component can lead to suboptimal sensing performance and potential interference issues, which can impact the overall quality of service (QoS) of the wireless communication network.

[0311] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a method for sensing an object, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0312] Referring to FIG. 17, to implement the bistatic radar function based on the ISAC system, a UE can transmit a sensing signal, and a base station can receive a signal reflected from an object from the transmitted sensing signal. Through this, the base station can operate to sense the object.

[0313] For example, the sensing signal may be a dedicated signal for sensing purposes, and / or may be a positioning reference signal capable of performing positioning, and / or may be a reference signal that may be used for communication, such as a demodulation-reference signal (DM-RS), a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS), or a sounding reference signal (SRS), and / or may be a fused signal for both sensing and communication purposes.

[0314] For example, in an ISAC system, a UE transmits a sensing signal for a bistatic radar in the direction of a geographic location to be sensed, and a base station #1 or a surrounding UE receives a sensing signal reflected by an arbitrary object within the geographic location, and performs sensing of the object within the geographic location based on the received sensing signal, thereby performing bistatic radar, and separately, the UE may transmit a communication signal to base station #2 for the purpose of performing communication based on a Uu link. For example, base station #1 and base station #2 may be the same base station.

[0315] For example, in the case described above, the base station #1 or a surrounding UE that receives the reflected sensing signal can measure only the received signal power for the signal component indirectly received by the sensing signal transmitted from the UE being reflected by an object, excluding the signal component directly received from the UE among the received signals, and transmit the measured value to the UE.

[0316] For example, the directly received signal component may be a line-of-sight (LOS) path reception signal component, and the indirectly received signal component may be a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) path or multi-path reception signal component.

[0317] For example, the directly received signal component may be a signal component of the first reception path in time among the received signal components, and the indirectly received signal component may be a signal component of the remaining reception paths excluding the first reception path in time among the received signal components.

[0318] For example, the base station #2, which has received a communication signal from the UE through the Uu link, can transmit the signal power or RSRP measurement value of the received communication signal to the UE.

[0319] For example, the UE may control the power of the sensing signal based on the received signal power for the indirectly received signal component received from the base station #1. For example, P0#1 (e.g., P) may be set (in advance) to the UE or to the resource pool to which the sensing signal is to be transmitted. O #1) and alpha #1 (e.g., α#1), the transmission power of the sensing signal can be controlled to be inversely proportional to the received signal power value for the indirectly received signal component. For example, the power can be controlled as follows. For example, such a characteristic can be derived by mathematical expression 9.

[0320]

[0321] Here, P sensing can be the sensing signal transmission power, and P CMAX can be the maximum transmission power, and P O,sensing can be the unit power for the sensing signal, μ sensing can be the sub-carrier spacing of the sensing signal, and M sensing RB can be the number of resource blocks in the frequency domain of the sensing signal, and α sensing can be a path loss compensation gain for the sensing signal, and PL sensing may be the path loss for the sensing signal received indirectly, and PL sensing may be a relationship inversely proportional to the received signal power value for the sensing signal received indirectly above.

[0322] For example, the UE may control the power of the communication signal based on the received signal power of the communication signal received from the base station #2. For example, P0#2 (e.g., P) set (in advance) to the UE or to the resource pool to transmit the communication signal O #2) and alpha#2 (e.g., α#2), the transmission power of the communication signal can be controlled so as to be inversely proportional to the reception signal power value of the communication signal. For example, such a characteristic can be derived by mathematical expression 10.

[0323]

[0324] Here, P COMM can be the communication signal transmission power, and P CMAX can be the maximum transmission power, and P O,COMM can be the unit power for a communication signal, μ COMM can be the sub-carrier spacing of the communication signal, and M comm RB can be the number of resource blocks in the frequency domain of the communication signal, and α COMM can be a path loss compensation gain for a communication signal, and PL COMM may be the path loss for the received communication signal, and PL COMM may be inversely proportional to the received signal power value for the above-mentioned received communication signal.

[0325] For example, the above P0#1 (e.g., P O #1) and alpha#1 (e.g., α#1) and P0#2 (e.g., P O #2) and alpha#2 (e.g., α#2) values ​​can be set separately (in advance) for the UE or for the resource pool.

[0326] For example, when the sensing signal and the communication signal are TDM'd within one slot, an AGC gap is inserted in the time domain between the sensing signal and the communication signal, so that the AGC performance of each receiver for the sensing signal and the communication signal is not deteriorated.

[0327] For example, when the sensing signal and the communication signal are FDM'd in the frequency domain, a relative weight may be given to each power control value in order to trade-off between the bistatic radar performance by the sensing signal and the communication performance by the communication signal. For example, the power (P) of the final transmission signal may be as follows. signal ) can be controlled. For example, these characteristics can be derived by mathematical expression 11.

[0328]

[0329] For example, the weight value ρ can be determined based on requirements for bistatic radar performance (e.g., object detection performance, distance and direction estimation performance to an object, object recognition performance, etc.) and requirements for communication performance (e.g., data transmission rate, transmission error, or transmission success probability, etc.).

[0330] For example, the weight value ρ may be set for the UE by the base station or may be set (in advance) for the resource pool.

[0331] For example, if the sensing signal and the communication signal are implemented by the same ISAC signal, and the UE transmits the ISAC signal based on beamforming, the UE can transmit the ISAC signal based on beamforming as follows.

[0332] - For example, if the beam direction that satisfies the requirements for the sensing signal and the beam direction that satisfies the requirements for the communication signal are different, beamforming can be performed to transmit so that the main lobe of the beam is formed for both beam directions. For example, in the case described above, the transmission signal power in each beam direction can be determined based on a weight, similar to the case of FDM, reflecting the requirements for the sensing signal and the requirements for the communication signal.

[0333] - For example, if the beam direction that satisfies the requirements for the sensing signal and the beam direction that satisfies the requirements for the communication signal are different, the final beam direction of the transmission signal can be determined as a direction adjusted based on the weight for the beam direction (θ1) that satisfies the requirements for the sensing signal and the beam direction (θ2) that satisfies the requirements for the communication signal. For example, the final beam direction (θ) can be determined as follows. For example, such a characteristic can be derived by mathematical expression 12.

[0334]

[0335] For example, the above-described operation may be limited to a case where the directions of the two beams differ by an angle within a threshold value.

[0336] For example, the weight value σ can be determined based on requirements for bistatic radar performance (e.g., object detection performance, distance and direction estimation performance to an object, object recognition performance, etc.) and requirements for communication performance (e.g., data transmission rate, transmission error, or transmission success probability, etc.).

[0337] For example, the weight value ρ (or σ value) is the difference (GAP) between the performance of the transmitted sensing signal and the requirements for the sensing signal. sensing )(e.g. gap_sensing) and the difference between the performance of the transmitted communication signal and the requirements for the communication signal (GAP COMM ) (e.g., gap_comm) can be updated for the next sensing signal transmission. For example, the GAP sensing (e.g. gap_sensing) value is GAP COMM If the value of ρ (or σ) is greater than a pre-set threshold value (e.g. gap_comm), increase the value of ρ (or σ) by a pre-set unit value, and the GAP sensing (e.g. gap_sensing) value is GAP COMM If the value of ρ (or σ) is less than a pre-set threshold value (e.g. gap_comm), the value of ρ (or σ) is reduced by a pre-set unit value, and the GAP sensing (e.g. gap_sensing) value and GAP COMM (For example, if the gap_comm) value is the same, the ρ value (or σ value) can be maintained without change.

[0338] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a UE determines a gNB to receive a sensing signal reflected by an object within a sensing area to perform a bistatic radar function, and proposes a method for efficiently controlling the power of a sensing signal to be transmitted by the UE based on LOS reception signal power and NLOS reception signal power.

[0339] The present disclosure provides a significant improvement in the transmission power control of sensing signals in UL bi-static sensing. By feeding back the received power of only the NLOS signal component, excluding the LOS signal component, to the transmitter, the transmission power of the sensing signal can be precisely adjusted. This approach can increase power efficiency and enhance sensing performance by precisely adjusting the transmission power to match actual sensing requirements. As a result, unnecessary power consumption and potential interference can be reduced, thereby improving the overall quality of service (QoS) of a wireless communication system.

[0340] For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed service type-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed (or differently or independently) (LCH or service) priority-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed (or differently or independently) QoS requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, minimum communication range)-specifically. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed PQI parameter-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed SL HARQ feedback ENABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission)-specifically (or differently or independently). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL HARQ feedback DISABLED LCH / MAC PDU (transmission). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for CBR measurement values ​​of resource pools. For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL cast types (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast).For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL groupcast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, NACK only feedback based on TX-RX distance). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 or SL CG type 2). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 or mode 2). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for resource pool. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) whether the PSFCH resource is a configured resource pool. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a source (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a destination (L2) ID. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a PC5 RRC connection link.For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL link. For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for a connection state (with a base station) (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for an SL HARQ process (ID). For example, whether the rule is applied and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed method / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) for whether the SL DRX operation (of a TX UE or an RX UE) is performed. For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether the UE is power saving (TX or RX). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) if (from a specific UE perspective) PSFCH TX and PSFCH RX overlap (and / or multiple PSFCH TXs (which exceed the UE capability)) (and / or if PSFCH TX (and / or PSFCH RX) are omitted). For example, whether the rule applies and / or the parameter values ​​related to the proposed scheme / rule of the present disclosure can be set / allowed specifically (or differently or independently) depending on whether the RX UE actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) (re)transmission from a TX UE.

[0341] For example, in the present disclosure, the setting (or designation) wording can be extended to mean a form in which a base station notifies a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through pre-configuration and / or a form in which a terminal notifies another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)), etc.

[0342] For example, in the present disclosure, the PSFCH wording can be extended to (NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal)). In addition, the proposed method of the present disclosure can be extended (in a new form) by being combined with each other.

[0343] For example, in the present disclosure, a specific threshold value may mean a threshold value that is defined in advance, or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, in the present disclosure, a specific setting value may mean a value that is defined in advance, or set (in advance) by a higher layer (including an application layer) of a network or a base station or a terminal. For example, an operation set by a network / base station may mean an operation that a base station sets (in advance) to a UE via a higher layer RRC signaling, sets / signals to the UE via MAC CE, or signals to the UE via DCI.

[0344] FIG. 18 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0345] Referring to FIG. 18, in step S1810, a first device can transmit a signal to a second device. In step S1820, the first device can receive, from the second device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the transmitted signal. In step S1830, the first device can determine transmission power for a sensing signal based on the reception power for the signal component related to NLOS. In step S1840, the first device can transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0346] For example, the signal component related to the NLOS may be a signal component related to a path received after the path that is temporally the first received among the signal components of the signal.

[0347] For example, the first device may obtain information related to power control parameters for a sensing signal. For example, the transmission power for the sensing signal may be determined based on the power control parameters for the sensing signal and the received power for a signal component related to the NLOS.

[0348] For example, information related to a transmission power parameter for the sensing signal may include information related to a P0 value for the sensing signal and information related to an alpha value for the sensing signal.

[0349] For example, the first device can transmit a signal for communication to a third device. For example, the first device can receive a signal for communication from the third device. For example, the first device can determine the transmission power for the communication signal based on the received signal power for the received communication signal. For example, the first device can transmit the communication signal to the third device based on the transmission power for the communication signal.

[0350] For example, the first device may obtain information related to power control parameters for a communication signal. For example, the transmission power for the communication signal may be determined based on the power control parameters for the communication signal and the received signal power for the received communication signal.

[0351] For example, information related to power control parameters for the communication signal may include information related to a P0 value for the communication signal and information related to an alpha value for the communication signal.

[0352] For example, the power control parameters for the sensing signal and the power control parameters for the communication signal can be set independently for the first device.

[0353] For example, the second device and the third device may be the same device.

[0354] For example, the first device may obtain a first weight for the transmission power for the sensing signal. For example, the first device may determine the final transmission power based on the transmission power for the sensing signal and the transmission power for the adjusted sensing signal obtained based on the first weight, and the transmission power for the adjusted communication signal obtained based on the transmission power for the communication signal and the second weight. For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted based on the transmission power for the adjusted sensing signal. For example, the communication signal may be transmitted based on the transmission power for the adjusted communication signal. For example, the sum of the first weight and the second weight may be 1. For example, the first weight may be determined based on at least one of a requirement for sensing or a requirement for communication.

[0355] For example, the transmission power for a first beam associated with the sensing signal may be determined based on the transmission power for the sensing signal and the first weight. For example, the transmission power for a second beam associated with the communication signal may be determined based on the transmission power for the communication signal and the second weight.

[0356] For example, the first device may determine the final beam direction based on a direction for the first beam associated with the sensing signal, a third weight, a direction for the second beam associated with the communication signal, and a fourth weight. For example, the sum of the third weight and the fourth weight may be 1. For example, the third weight may be determined based on at least one of a requirement for sensing or a requirement for communication.

[0357] For example, the angle between the direction for the first beam associated with the sensing signal and the direction for the second beam associated with the communication signal may be less than or equal to a threshold value.

[0358] The above proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit a signal to the second device. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive, from the second device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among the signal components of the transmitted signal. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can determine the transmission power for the sensing signal based on the reception power for the signal component related to the NLOS. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0359] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: transmit a signal to a second device; receive, from the second device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the transmitted signal; determine transmission power for a sensing signal based on the reception power for the signal component related to the NLOS; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0360] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: transmit a signal to a second device; receive, from the second device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the transmitted signal; determine a transmission power for a sensing signal based on the reception power for the signal component related to the NLOS; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0361] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: transmit a signal to a second device; receive, from the second device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the transmitted signal; determine transmission power for a sensing signal based on the reception power for the signal component related to NLOS; and transmit the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0362] FIG. 19 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0363] Referring to FIG. 19, in step S1910, a second device may receive a signal from a first device. In step S1920, the second device may transmit to the first device information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the received signal. For example, based on the reception power for the signal component related to NLOS, the transmission power for a sensing signal may be determined. For example, based on the transmission power for the sensing signal, the sensing signal may be transmitted.

[0364] For example, the signal component related to the NLOS may be a signal component related to a path received after the path that is temporally the first received among the signal components of the signal.

[0365] For example, information related to power control parameters for a sensing signal can be obtained. For example, the transmit power for the sensing signal can be determined based on the power control parameters for the sensing signal and the receive power for a signal component related to the NLOS.

[0366] For example, information related to a transmission power parameter for the sensing signal may include information related to a P0 value for the sensing signal and information related to an alpha value for the sensing signal.

[0367] For example, a signal for communication may be transmitted to a third device. For example, the third device may transmit a signal for communication. For example, the transmission power for the communication signal may be determined based on the received signal power for the transmitted communication signal. For example, the communication signal may be transmitted to the third device based on the transmission power for the communication signal.

[0368] For example, the first device may obtain information related to power control parameters for a communication signal. For example, the transmission power for the communication signal may be determined based on the power control parameters for the communication signal and the received signal power for the transmitted communication signal.

[0369] For example, information related to power control parameters for the communication signal may include information related to a P0 value for the communication signal and information related to an alpha value for the communication signal.

[0370] For example, the power control parameters for the sensing signal and the power control parameters for the communication signal can be set independently for the first device.

[0371] For example, the second device and the third device may be the same device.

[0372] For example, a first weight for the transmission power for the sensing signal can be obtained. For example, the final transmission power can be determined based on the transmission power for the sensing signal and the transmission power for the adjusted sensing signal obtained based on the first weight, and the transmission power for the adjusted communication signal obtained based on the transmission power for the communication signal and the second weight. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the transmission power for the adjusted sensing signal. For example, the communication signal can be transmitted based on the transmission power for the adjusted communication signal. For example, the sum of the first weight and the second weight can be 1. For example, the first weight can be determined based on at least one of a requirement for sensing or a requirement for communication.

[0373] For example, the transmission power for a first beam associated with the sensing signal may be determined based on the transmission power for the sensing signal and the first weight. For example, the transmission power for a second beam associated with the communication signal may be determined based on the transmission power for the communication signal and the second weight.

[0374] For example, the final beam direction may be determined based on a direction for the first beam associated with the sensing signal, a third weight, a direction for the second beam associated with the communication signal, and a fourth weight. For example, the sum of the third weight and the fourth weight may be 1. For example, the third weight may be determined based on at least one of a requirement for sensing or a requirement for communication.

[0375] For example, the angle between the direction for the first beam associated with the sensing signal and the direction for the second beam associated with the communication signal may be less than or equal to a threshold value.

[0376] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive a signal from the first device. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit, to the first device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among the signal components of the received signal. For example, the transmission power for the sensing signal can be determined based on the reception power for the signal component related to NLOS. For example, the sensing signal can be transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0377] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: receive a signal from a first device; and transmit to the first device information related to reception power for a signal component associated with non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the received signal. For example, based on the reception power for the signal component associated with the NLOS, the transmission power for a sensing signal may be determined. For example, based on the transmission power for the sensing signal, the sensing signal may be transmitted.

[0378] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: receive a signal from a first device; and transmit to the first device information related to reception power for a signal component associated with non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the received signal. For example, a transmission power for a sensing signal may be determined based on the reception power for the signal component associated with the NLOS. For example, the sensing signal may be transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

[0379] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: receive a signal from a first device; and transmit to the first device information related to reception power of a signal component associated with non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among signal components of the received signal. For example, based on the reception power of the signal component associated with NLOS, the transmission power for a sensing signal may be determined. For example, based on the transmission power for the sensing signal, the sensing signal may be transmitted.

[0380] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0381] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0382] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0383] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0384] FIG. 20 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 20 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0385] Referring to FIG. 20, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0386] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0387] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0388] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0389] FIG. 21 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0390] Referring to FIG. 21, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 20.

[0391] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0392] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0393] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0394] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0395] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0396] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0397] FIG. 22 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 22 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0398] Referring to FIG. 22, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 22 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 21. The hardware elements of FIG. 22 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 21. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 21. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 21, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 21.

[0399] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 22. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0400] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0401] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0402] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 22. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 21) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0403] Figure 23 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 20). The embodiment of Figure 23 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0404] Referring to FIG. 23, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 21 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 21. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 21. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0405] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 20, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 20, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 20, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 20, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 20, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 20, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 20, 400), a base station (Fig. 20, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0406] In FIG. 23, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be configured as one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0407] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 23 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0408] FIG. 24 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 24 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0409] Referring to FIG. 24, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 23, respectively.

[0410] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0411] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0412] FIG. 25 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like. The embodiment of FIG. 25 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0413] Referring to FIG. 25, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 23, respectively.

[0414] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0415] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0416] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. A method performed by a first device in a wireless communication system, A step of transmitting a signal to a second device; A step of receiving, from the second device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among the signal components of the transmitted signal; A step of determining a transmission power for a sensing signal based on the received power for a signal component related to the above NLOS; and A method comprising: a step of transmitting the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal; 2. In paragraph 1, A method in which the signal component related to the above NLOS is a signal component related to a path received after the path that is received first in time among the signal components of the above signal.

3. In paragraph 1, A step of obtaining information related to power control parameters for a sensing signal; including: A method in which the transmission power for the sensing signal is determined based on a power control parameter for the sensing signal and a reception power for a signal component related to the NLOS.

4. In paragraph 3, A method wherein information related to a transmission power parameter for the sensing signal includes information related to a P0 value for the sensing signal and information related to an alpha value for the sensing signal.

5. In paragraph 3, A step of transmitting a signal for communication to a third device; A step of receiving a signal for communication from the third device; A step of determining a transmission power for a communication signal based on a reception signal power for the signal for the received communication; and A method comprising: a step of transmitting the communication signal to the third device based on the transmission power for the communication signal; 6. In paragraph 5, A step of obtaining information related to power control parameters for a communication signal; including: A method in which the transmission power for the communication signal is determined based on a power control parameter for the communication signal and a reception signal power for the received communication signal.

7. In paragraph 6, A method wherein information related to power control parameters for the communication signal includes information related to a P0 value for the communication signal and information related to an alpha value for the communication signal.

8. In paragraph 6, A method wherein the power control parameters for the sensing signal and the power control parameters for the communication signal are independently set for the first device.

9. In paragraph 5, A method wherein the second device and the third device are the same device.

10. In paragraph 5, A step of obtaining a first weight for the transmission power for the sensing signal; and A step of determining a final transmission power based on the transmission power for the sensing signal and the transmission power for the adjusted sensing signal obtained based on the first weight, and the transmission power for the communication signal and the transmission power for the adjusted communication signal obtained based on the second weight; including, Based on the transmission power for the above-mentioned adjusted sensing signal, the sensing signal is transmitted, Based on the transmission power for the above-mentioned adjusted communication signal, the communication signal is transmitted, The sum of the first weight and the second weight is 1, and A method wherein the first weight is determined based on at least one of a requirement for sensing or a requirement for communication.

11. In paragraph 10, The transmission power for the first beam associated with the sensing signal is determined based on the transmission power for the sensing signal and the first weight, and A method wherein the transmission power for the second beam associated with the communication signal is determined based on the transmission power for the communication signal and the second weight.

12. In paragraph 10, A step of determining a final beam direction based on a direction for a first beam associated with the sensing signal, a third weight, a direction for a second beam associated with the communication signal, and a fourth weight; The sum of the third weight and the fourth weight is 1, and A method wherein the third weight is determined based on at least one of a requirement for sensing or a requirement for communication.

13. In paragraph 12, A method wherein the angle between the direction of the first beam associated with the sensing signal and the direction of the second beam associated with the communication signal is less than or equal to a threshold value.

14. In a first device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: To transmit a signal to the second device; Receive information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among the signal components of the transmitted signal from the second device; Determine the transmission power for the sensing signal based on the received power for the signal component related to the above NLOS; and A first device that transmits the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: To transmit a signal to the second device; Receive information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among the signal components of the transmitted signal from the second device; Determine the transmission power for the sensing signal based on the received power for the signal component related to the above NLOS; and A processing device that transmits the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: To transmit a signal to the second device; Receive information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among the signal components of the transmitted signal from the second device; Determine the transmission power for the sensing signal based on the received power for the signal component related to the above NLOS; and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that transmits the sensing signal based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

17. In a method performed by a second device in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving a signal from a first device; and A step of transmitting, to the first device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among the signal components of the received signal; including; Based on the received power for the signal component related to the above NLOS, the transmit power for the sensing signal is determined, and A method in which the sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

18. In a second device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: From the first device, to receive a signal; and To transmit to the first device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among the signal components of the received signal, Based on the received power for the signal component related to the above NLOS, the transmit power for the sensing signal is determined, and A second device, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

19. In a processing device set to control a second device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: From the first device, to receive a signal; and To transmit to the first device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among the signal components of the received signal, Based on the received power for the signal component related to the above NLOS, the transmit power for the sensing signal is determined, and A processing device, wherein the sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the second device to: From the first device, to receive a signal; and To transmit to the first device, information related to reception power for a signal component related to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) among the signal components of the received signal, Based on the received power for the signal component related to the above NLOS, the transmit power for the sensing signal is determined, and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in which the sensing signal is transmitted based on the transmission power for the sensing signal.

Images