Ecological base material suitable for high and steep rock slope, and repairing method

Abstract

An ecological base material suitable for a high and steep rock slope, comprising: shale soil, a mixed improvement material, an adhesive, and a microbial agent at a mass ratio of (25-35): (42-75): (5-10): (3-5). The mixed improvement material comprises sludge-based biochar, straw, planting soil, polyacrylamide, and corn starch grafted acrylate. A repairing method using the ecological base material suitable for a high and steep rock slope, comprising mixing the prepared ecological base material and plant seeds and then spraying the mixture. The problem of difficulty in attaching ecological base materials and continuing slope recovery effects in existing high and steep rock slope repairing processes can be effectively solved.

Description

An ecological substrate and repair method suitable for high and steep rock slopes Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mine ecological restoration, and in particular to an ecological base material and method suitable for high and steep rock slopes. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the advent of policies such as the "Two Mountains" theory, the "Mountains, Waters, Forests, Farmlands, and Lakes Community of Life," the "Yellow River Protection," the "Yellow River Protection," and "Green Mines," mine ecological restoration has been elevated to the level of national ecological civilization development. According to geotechnical engineering definitions, high and steep rock slopes primarily refer to those greater than 30 meters in height and with a gradient greater than 60°. These slopes have steep gradients, severely damaged topsoil, and extensively exposed slopes and surfaces, making them prone to geological hazards such as landslides, rock formations, and collapses. Furthermore, due to the poor soil and lack of water, self-vegetation on these slopes is not only time-consuming but also ineffective.

[0003] With the rapid development of science and technology and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the use of ecological slope protection methods for slope protection is gaining increasing attention. Traditional rock slope ecological restoration spraying methods typically use a mixture of peat and wood fiber, which is then sprayed onto the rock slope using a net. However, peat has low porosity and poor water and fertilizer retention, making it difficult to effectively adhere to the slope surface, resulting in unsustainable slope restoration effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and provide an ecological substrate and repair method suitable for steep rock slopes, which can effectively solve the problems in the existing high-steep rock slope repair process that the ecological substrate is difficult to adhere and the slope restoration effect is difficult to sustain.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides an ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes, comprising: shale soil, mixed improvement materials, a crosslinking agent and a microbial agent, wherein the mass ratio thereof is (25-35): (42-75): (5-10): (3-5); the mixed improvement materials comprise sludge-based biochar, straw, planting soil, polyacrylamide and corn starch grafted acrylate.

[0006] Preferably, the shale soil is 3-5 mm shale particles.

[0007] Preferably, the sludge-based biochar is obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis of sludge after dehydration, and the high temperature is 500-600°C.

[0008] Preferably, the planting soil contains organic matter, and the mass fraction of the organic matter is not less than 10%.

[0009] Preferably, the crosslinking agent is polyvinyl alcohol.

[0010] Preferably, the microbial agent is one or more combinations of Bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus coagulans.

[0011] The present invention also provides a restoration method using the above-mentioned ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes, comprising the following steps:

[0012] Step S1, pre-treating the rock slope, laying galvanized chain link fence on the slope, and fixing it with anchor rods;

[0013] Step S2: mixing the prepared ecological substrate with plant seeds, spraying and covering the galvanized chain link fence, and covering the surface with non-woven fabric while performing subsequent maintenance and management.

[0014] Preferably, the mass ratio of the above-mentioned plant seeds to the ecological substrate is 1:(170-190).

[0015] Preferably, the above ecological substrate is obtained by mixing shale soil, sludge-based biochar, straw, planting soil, polyacrylamide, corn starch grafted acrylate, crosslinking agent, and microbial agent.

[0016] Preferably, when preparing the above ecological substrate, shale soil and planting soil are first mixed evenly, and then sludge-based biochar, straw, polyacrylamide, corn starch grafted acrylate, crosslinking agent, and microbial agent are added and mixed evenly.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) The present invention utilizes shale soil, sludge-based biochar, and straw in combination. Shale soil itself has poor air permeability and water absorption, making it unsuitable for rock slope restoration. The present invention utilizes shale soil as a resource, using it as the primary material for the ecological substrate, turning waste into treasure. Furthermore, the present invention improves the porosity of the ecological substrate by doping it with sludge-based biochar, thereby increasing the overall water storage capacity of the substrate.

[0019] (2) The present invention further improves the ecological substrate by rationally mixing planting soil, polyacrylamide, and corn starch grafted acrylate. Shale soil itself has a blocky structure, poor air permeability, and is easily compacted. The present invention improves the soil structure of shale soil by doping planting soil into the shale soil, changing it from a blocky structure to a granular structure that is conducive to plant growth. Polyacrylamide and corn starch grafted acrylate are polymers with extremely strong water absorption and water retention properties. On the one hand, they can repeatedly absorb and release water, acting as a micro-reservoir within the substrate; on the other hand, they can absorb fertilizer and play a slow-release role.

[0020] (3) The repair method for high and steep rock slopes provided by the present invention has a simple construction process, is easy to implement, and has high efficiency. Implementation Method

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0022] As mentioned above, the present invention addresses the technical problems of low porosity and poor water and fertilizer retention in existing rock slope spraying substrates. The present invention provides a new ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes. The ecological substrate uses shale soil as the main material. Shale soil itself has poor air permeability and water absorption, and is not suitable for rock slope repair. The present invention uses it as the main material of the ecological substrate, making it a waste material for recycling and turning waste into treasure. Furthermore, the present invention improves the ecological substrate by mixing improved materials, thereby increasing the overall porosity and water and fertilizer retention capacity of the ecological substrate and optimizing its soil structure. The following is a detailed description.

[0023] The present invention provides a new ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes, comprising: shale soil, mixed improvement materials, a binder, and a microbial agent, with the mass ratio of the four being (25-35):(42-75):(5-10):(3-5). The shale soil is obtained by crushing shale to a particle size of 3-5 mm. Preferably, the shale soil is obtained by crushing strongly weathered shale. The higher the weathering intensity of the rock mass, the closer the rock mass resembles soil morphology and the easier it is to crush.

[0024] The above-mentioned mixed improved materials include:

[0025] (1) Sludge-based biochar. Sludge-based biochar is obtained by mechanically dehydrating municipal sludge, a waste product from sewage treatment, and then pyrolyzing it at 500-600°C. The sludge-based biochar used in the present invention has a particle size of 5-20 mm, a large specific surface area, high porosity, and high nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content. Incorporating it into an ecological substrate can improve the overall porosity and fertility of the ecological substrate. At the same time, the porous structure within the sludge-based biochar not only retains more water, but also serves as a carrier for beneficial microorganisms.

[0026] (2) Straw. As a crop waste, straw contains a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Incorporating it into the ecological substrate can provide sufficient nutrients for plant growth in the later stages of ecological restoration. In the present invention, the length of the straw segment incorporated into the ecological substrate is 10-20 mm.

[0027] (3) Planting soil. Planting soil has a loose structure, high organic matter content (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements content is not less than 10%), strong ventilation and water retention, and low viscosity. Shale soil itself is a clay soil. Mixing planting soil with shale soil can improve the soil structure of the shale soil itself, changing it from a block structure to a granular structure that is conducive to plant growth, improving its permeability and making the shale soil less likely to compact.

[0028] (4) Polyacrylamide and corn starch grafted with acrylate have strong water absorption and water retention properties. Using polyacrylamide and corn starch grafted with acrylate to improve the ecological substrate, on the one hand, the two can repeatedly absorb and release water, acting as micro-reservoirs within the substrate. On the other hand, the two can absorb fertilizers and play a slow-release role.

[0029] The preparation method of the above-mentioned corn starch grafted acrylate is as follows: starch (5% by mass), water (80% by mass) and methanol (15% by mass) are mixed, heated and kept at 55°C for 1 hour, cooled to room temperature, and then sodium acrylate (5 times the mass of starch) and cerium salt initiator (0.1% by mass of starch) are added, and the reaction is carried out at 45°C for 3 hours to prepare the copolymer.

[0030] The ecological substrate provided by the present invention uses polyvinyl alcohol as a bonding agent, and the components in the substrate are bonded together by the polyvinyl alcohol, while improving the adhesion between the substrate and the rock slope surface, and resisting external hydraulic erosion.

[0031] The microbial inoculants used in the ecological substrate provided by the present invention are one or more combinations of Bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus coagulans. These bacteria can combat plant pathogens such as bacterial wilt and tomato early blight, improving vegetation resistance. They can also convert nitrogen in the air into ammonia nitrogen that can be used by plants, increasing soil fertility.

[0032] The following is an explanation with reference to specific embodiments. Example 1

[0033] This embodiment provides an ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 9 kg of sludge-based biochar, the particle size of which is less than 20 mm; 30 kg of shale soil; 10 kg of straw, the length of which is less than 15 mm; 25 kg of planting soil; 5 kg of polyacrylamide; 3 kg of corn starch grafted acrylate; 5 kg of polyvinyl alcohol; and 3 kg of microbial agent.

[0034] The method for preparing the ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) Place shale soil and planting soil in a clay mixer according to the mass ratio, stir and mix thoroughly, and then turn and dry for 5-7 days to obtain a mixture of shale soil and planting soil. By mixing the loose, aerated, low-viscosity planting soil with the high-viscosity shale soil, the soil structure of the shale soil is improved, changing it from a block structure to a granular structure that is conducive to plant growth, making it easier to mix the shale soil with the other ecological substrate components.

[0036] (2) The above-mentioned shale soil and planting soil mixed soil, straw, sludge-based biochar, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, and corn starch grafted propionate were placed in a cement mixer according to the mass ratio, stirred at a speed of 300 r / min, and stirred for 5 min to mix evenly.

[0037] (3) The solid microbial agent and water were mixed in a ratio of 1:200, with a stirring rate of 100 r / min and a stirring time of 5 min.

[0038] (4) The liquid bacterial agent prepared in step (3) was added to the mixture in step (2) and stirred again at a stirring rate of 500 r / min and a stirring time of 15 min to obtain an ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes. Example 2

[0039] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:

[0040] The ecological base material suitable for high and steep rock slopes is prepared from the following raw materials: 15 kg of sludge-based biochar; 20 kg of shale soil; 5 kg of straw; 30 kg of planting soil; 5 kg of polyacrylamide; 3 kg of corn starch grafted acrylate; 10 kg of polyvinyl alcohol; and 2 kg of microbial agent. Example 3

[0041] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:

[0042] The ecological base material suitable for high and steep rock slopes is prepared from the following raw materials: 12 kg of sludge-based biochar; 35 kg of shale soil; 5 kg of straw; 30 kg of planting soil; 5 kg of polyacrylamide; 3 kg of corn starch grafted acrylate; 10 kg of polyvinyl alcohol; and 2 kg of microbial agent.

[0043] The ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes prepared in Examples 1-3 was used to repair a shale slope with a slope of 65° and a slope height of 20m. The rock on the slope surface was moderately weathered shale. The construction method was as follows:

[0044] (1) Pre-treat the rock slope, lay galvanized chain link fence on the slope, and fix it with anchor rods;

[0045] (2) Mixing the prepared ecological substrate with plant seeds, and then spraying the mixture to cover the galvanized chain link fence. The mass ratio of the plant seeds to the ecological substrate is 1:(170-190), and the spraying thickness is 10 cm.

[0046] (3) Cover the surface of the ecological substrate with non-woven fabric and carry out subsequent maintenance management.

[0047] During the 180-day growth cycle, plant growth parameters and water erosion resistance coefficients were monitored on the three restoration plots. Germination of the plant seeds stabilized after 30 days of growth, and germination rate monitoring was discontinued. The 180-day monitoring results are shown in the following table:

[0048] Table 1 Plant growth parameters and water erosion resistance coefficients on the restoration plots of Examples 1-3

[0049] Anti-scour coefficient 30d germination rate 180d vegetation coverage Example 1 3.5 L.min / g 78% 80% Example 2 4.2 L.min / g 85% 86% Example 3 4.6 L.min / g 80% 82%

[0050] As shown in Table 1, after spraying the ecological substrate suitable for steep rock slopes of the present invention for half a year, the vegetation coverage rate of the steep slopes can reach 80%, solving the problem of difficult greening of steep rock slopes.

[0051] In summary, the present invention provides an ecological substrate suitable for steep rock slopes. This substrate uses shale soil as its primary material, improves the overall porosity of the ecological substrate through sludge-based biochar, improves the overall fertility of the ecological substrate through straw, improves the soil structure of the shale soil through planting soil, and enhances the water absorption and retention capacity of the ecological substrate through polyacrylamide and corn starch grafted with acrylate. Six months after spraying the ecological substrate suitable for steep rock slopes, the vegetation coverage rate of the steep slopes can reach 80%, solving the problem of difficult greening of steep rock slopes.

[0052] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention. After reading the above description, various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes, characterized in that: include: The mass ratio of shale soil, mixed improvement materials, crosslinking agent and microbial agent is (25-35): (42-75): (5-10): (3-5); the mixed improvement materials include sludge-based biochar, straw, planting soil, polyacrylamide and corn starch grafted acrylate.

2. The ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The shale soil is 3-5 mm shale particles.

3. The ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sludge-based biochar is obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis of sludge after dehydration, and the high temperature is 500-600°C.

4. The ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The planting soil contains organic matter, and the mass fraction of the organic matter is not less than 10%.

5. The ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The crosslinking agent is polyvinyl alcohol.

6. The ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent is one or more combinations of Bacillus licheniformis, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus coagulans.

7. A method for repairing an ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes using the method of claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, pre-treating the rock slope, laying a galvanized chain link fence on the slope, and fixing it with anchor rods; Step S2, mixing the prepared ecological substrate with plant seeds, and then spraying to cover the galvanized chain link fence, and covering the surface with non-woven fabric while performing subsequent maintenance management.

8. The ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The mass ratio of plant seeds to ecological substrate is 1:(170-190).

9. The method for repairing an ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that: The ecological substrate is obtained by stirring and mixing shale soil, sludge-based biochar, straw, planting soil, polyacrylamide, corn starch grafted acrylate, a crosslinking agent, and a microbial agent.

10. The method for repairing an ecological substrate suitable for high and steep rock slopes according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the ecological substrate is prepared, shale soil and planting soil are first mixed evenly, and then sludge-based biochar, straw, polyacrylamide, corn starch grafted acrylate, crosslinking agent, and microbial agent are added and mixed evenly.