Interface change associated with a base station
By communicating information about interface changes, the system improves communication reliability in wireless communication systems, particularly in NTN with regenerative payloads, through optimized procedural adjustments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/085328
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in maintaining communication reliability due to potential interface changes between base stations and other apparatuses, particularly in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) with regenerative payloads.
The system communicates information about impending interface or link changes between base stations and other apparatuses, allowing for optimized procedures and improved reliability through timely adjustments and resource management.
This approach enhances communication reliability by enabling proactive management of interface changes, thereby minimizing disruptions and ensuring seamless handover processes in NTN scenarios.
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Figure CN2024085328_13022025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
INTERFACE CHANGE ASSOCIATED WITH A BASE STATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a base station, a core network entity, a user equipment (UE) , processors for wireless communication, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media for interface change associated with a base station.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] With the developments of communication technology, more and more communication scenarios may relate to a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 17 and Release 18 NTN assumes transparent payload wherein gNB / eNB functions are on the ground and NTN vehicle (e.g., satellite) only embarks antenna units to forward signals. In Release 19, it is observed that the support of NTN with gNB / eNB functions on board the NTN vehicle (i.e., regenerative payloads) provides new architecture option (s) besides the transparent payload as specified in Release 17 and Release 18, which makes the deployment of NTN more flexible. Studies on operations associated with regenerative payloads in NTN are needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support interface change associated with a base station. By communicating information of an interface / link change when a possible interface change is to occur, the communication reliability may be improved.
[0005] In a first aspect of the solution, a first base station detects a possible interface change to occur at an interface between the first base station and a first apparatus. The first base station communicates, with a second apparatus, first information of at least one of an interface change or a link change associated with at least one of the first base station or the first apparatus, in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the first base station and the first apparatus. In this way, a scheme for communicating information of a possible interface / link change between a base station and another apparatus may be designed. By communicating information of a possible interface / link change, the communication reliability may be improved. For example, procedures related to communication on the interface / link may be optimized with knowledge of upcoming interface / link change.
[0006] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first apparatus is a second base station or a core network entity.
[0007] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the second apparatus is one of the following: a user equipment (UE) ; a second base station; a core network entity; or an operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) entity or an operations and maintenance (O&M) entity.
[0008] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first information comprises at least one of the following: an existing duration of an inter-satellite link (ISL) between the first base station and the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station; a timing of a link change of the ISL; a latency of length of the ISL; an existing duration of a first feeder link between the first base station and a first gateway in communication with the first base station; a timing of a link change of the first feeder link; a latency of length of the first feeder link; an existing duration of a second feeder link between the first apparatus and a second gateway in communication with the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station; a timing of a link change of the second feeder link; a latency of length of the second feeder link; a timing of the interface change; an existing duration of the interface between the first base station and the first apparatus; or a cause of the interface change.
[0009] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the second apparatus, second information associated with the first base station. Communicating the first information comprises: receiving the first information from the second apparatus. The first information is at least based on the second information.
[0010] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving second information. The second information is associated with at least one of the following: the first base station; or the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station. Communicating the first information comprises: transmitting, to the second apparatus, the first information, wherein the first information is at least based on the second information.
[0011] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the second apparatus is a second base station, the first information is communicated using an interface protocol between the first base station and the second base station, and the first information is included in a signaling message between the first base station and the second base station. The signaling message is a message in one of the following: an interface setup procedure; a NG-RAN node configuration update procedure; an interface removal procedure; a failure indication procedure; a handover preparation procedure; or a handover cancel procedure.
[0012] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the second apparatus is a core network entity, the first information is communicated using an interface protocol between the first base station and the core network entity, and the first information is included in a signaling message between the first base station and the core network entity. The signaling message is a message in one of the following: an interface setup procedure; a RAN configuration update procedure; a failure indication procedure; a handover preparation procedure; or a handover cancel procedure.
[0013] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining a timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change based on the first information.
[0014] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining a handover preparation failure in a handover preparation procedure between the first base station and a second base station at or after the timing or upon an expiration of a first timer, wherein the first timer expires at or before the timing.
[0015] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first base station is a source base station of the handover preparation procedure, and the second base station is a target base station of the handover preparation procedure. The first base station may further trigger a handover cancel procedure in the case of determining the handover preparation failure.
[0016] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first base station is a target base station of the handover preparation procedure, and the second base station is a source base station of the handover preparation procedure. The first base station may further release resources for a handover procedure of the handover preparation procedure in the case of determining the handover preparation failure.
[0017] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first base station is a source base station of a handover procedure between the first base station and a second base station, the second base station is a target base station of the handover procedure. After a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing or before an expiration of a second timer which expires at or before the timing, the first base station may further transmit, to the target base station via the transceiver, an expected or minimum count value associated with the handover procedure at the timing.
[0018] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first base station is a source base station of a handover procedure between the first base station and a second base station, the second base station is a target base station of the handover procedure. After a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing or before an expiration of a second timer which expires at or before the timing, the first base station may further transmit, to the target base station, UE context information.
[0019] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first base station is a source base station of a handover procedure between the first base station and a second base station, the second base station is a target base station of the handover procedure. After a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing or before an expiration of a second timer which expires at or before the timing, the first base station may further release resources for a UE connection-re-establishment procedure in the case that the first base station does not receive a handover success message from the target base station after a handover execution procedure of the handover procedure.
[0020] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first base station is a source base station of a handover procedure between the first base station and a second base station, the second base station is a target base station of the handover procedure. After a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing or before an expiration of a second timer which expires at or before the timing, the first base station may further release UE context in the case that the first base station does not receive a UE context release message from the target base station during a handover completion procedure of the handover procedure.
[0021] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first base station is a target base station of a handover procedure between the first base station and a second base station, the second base station is a source base station of the handover procedure. After a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing or before an expiration of a second timer which expires at or before the timing, the first base station may further transmit, to a core network entity, a path switch request message with an expected timing for path switch.
[0022] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first base station is a target base station of a handover procedure between the first base station and a second base station, the second base station is a source base station of the handover procedure. After a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing or before an expiration of a second timer which expires at or before the timing, the first base station may further transmit, to the source base station, a request message for retrieving UE context.
[0023] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to a UE, third information associated with radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment. The third information is associated with the first information and comprises at least one cell and at least one timing associated with the at least one cell.
[0024] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: triggering a procedure of indicating an error in a status transfer procedure in the case that the first base station does not receive a response for a first time duration after transmitting a status transfer message to a second base station;
[0025] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: triggering a procedure of indicating an error in a path switch request procedure in the case that the first base station does not receive a response for a second time duration after transmitting a path switch request message to a core network entity;
[0026] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: releasing resources for a UE connection-re-establishment procedure in the case that the first base station does not receive a handover success message from a second base station for a third time duration after a handover execution procedure; or
[0027] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: releasing UE context in the case that the first base station does not receive a UE context release message from a second base station for a fourth time duration during a handover completion procedure.
[0028] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the second apparatus is the same apparatus as the first apparatus.
[0029] In a second aspect of the solution, a core network entity detects a possible interface change to occur at an interface between a first base station and a first apparatus. The core network entity communicates, with the first base station, first information of at least one of an interface change of the interface or a link change associated with at least one of the first base station or the first apparatus, in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the first base station and the first apparatus. In this way, a scheme for communicating information of a possible interface / link change between a base station and another apparatus may be designed. By communicating information of a possible interface / link change, the communication reliability may be improved.
[0030] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first apparatus is one of the following: a second base station; the core network entity; or a second core network entity different from the core network entity.
[0031] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first information comprises at least one of the following: an existing duration of an inter-satellite link (ISL) between the first base station and the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station; a timing of a link change of the ISL; a latency of length of the ISL; an existing duration of a first feeder link between the first base station and a first gateway in communication with the first base station; a timing of a link change of the first feeder link; a latency of length of the first feeder link; an existing duration of a second feeder link between the first apparatus and a second gateway in communication with the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station; a timing of a link change of the second feeder link; a latency of length of the second feeder link; a timing of the interface change; an existing duration of the interface between the first base station and the first apparatus; or a cause of the interface change.
[0032] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting second information to the first base station. The second information is associated with at least one of the following: the first base station; or the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station. Communicating the first information comprises: receiving the first information from the first base station. The first information is at least based on the second information.
[0033] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving second information associated with the first base station. Communicating the first information comprises: transmitting the first information to the first base station. The first information is at least based on the second information.
[0034] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first information is communicated using an interface protocol between the first base station and the core network entity, and the first information is included in a signaling message between the first base station and the core network entity. The signaling message is a message in one of the following: an interface setup procedure; a RAN configuration update procedure; a failure indication procedure; a handover preparation procedure; or a handover cancel procedure.
[0035] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining a timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change based on the first information.
[0036] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first base station is a target base station of a handover procedure between the first base station and a second base station, the second base station is a source base station of the handover procedure. The core network entity may further receive, from the first base station, a path switch request message with an expected timing for path switch after a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure and before the timing; and perform the path switch at the expected timing.
[0037] In a third aspect of the solution, a user equipment receives, from a first base station, first information of at least one of an interface change of an interface between a first base station and a first apparatus or a link change associated with at least one of the first base station or the first apparatus. Alternatively, the user equipment receives, from a first base station, third information associated with radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment, wherein the third information is associated with the first information and comprises at least one cell and at least one timing associated with the at least one cell. In this way, the user equipment may be aware of the possible interface / link change between a base station and another apparatus
[0038] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first apparatus is a second base station or a core network entity.
[0039] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first information comprises at least one of the following: an existing duration of an inter-satellite link (ISL) between the first base station and the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station; a timing of a link change of the ISL; a latency of length of the ISL; an existing duration of a first feeder link between the first base station and a first gateway in communication with the first base station; a timing of a link change of the first feeder link; a latency of length of the first feeder link; an existing duration of a second feeder link between the first apparatus and a second gateway in communication with the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station; a timing of a link change of the second feeder link; a latency of length of the second feeder link; a timing of the interface change; an existing duration of the interface between the first base station and the first apparatus; or a cause of the interface change.
[0040] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the first information is received. The user equipment may further determine a timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change based on the first information.
[0041] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: skipping a RRC re-establishment procedure to a cell in the case that a handover execution procedure is not completed before the timing or before an expiration of a second timer which expires at or before the timing; and performing a random access procedure.
[0042] In some implementations of the methods and apparatuses described herein, the third information is received. The user equipment may further skip a RRC re-establishment procedure to one of the at least one cell in the case that one of the at least one timing associated with the cell has passed.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of a wireless communications system with interfaces impacted by an ISL existence of regenerative payloads in NTN.
[0045] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of a wireless communications system with interfaces impacted by a feeder link switch of regenerative payloads in NTN.
[0046] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of a handover procedure that could be impacted by interface change of regenerative payloads in NTN.
[0047] FIG. 2A illustrates an example signaling chart of an example process that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 2B illustrates another example signaling chart of an example process that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 3A illustrates an example procedure of information exchange that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 3B illustrates another example procedure of information exchange that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 3C illustrates an example procedure of handover preparation that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 3D illustrates an example procedure of handover execution that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIG. 3E illustrates an example procedure of UE behaviors in a handover procedure that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0054] FIG. 3F illustrates another example procedure of UE behaviors in a handover procedure that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 4 illustrate an example of a device that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 5 illustrate an example of a processor that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0057] FIGS. 6 through 9 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0058] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0059] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0060] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0061] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0062] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. For example, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The term “one embodiment” and “an embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The term “another embodiment” is to be read as “at least one other embodiment. ” The use of an expression such as “A and / or B” can mean either “only A” or “only B” or “both A and B. ” Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0063] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G NR, long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0064] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto BS, a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0065] As used herein, the term “terminal device” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, a user equipment (UE) , an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture terminal device such as a digital camera, a gaming terminal device, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an internet of things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “terminal device, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” “user equipment” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0066] As mentioned above, in 3GPP Release 17 and Release 18, the feature of NTN was specified to support RAN deployment over satellite. A NTN refers to a network or segments of a network using radio frequency (RF) resources on board an NTN vehicle e.g., a satellite. The satellite in NTN can be a geostationary earth orbiting (GEO) satellite with a fixed location to the Earth, or a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite orbiting around the Earth. Release 17 and Release 18 NTN assumes transparent payload wherein gNB / eNB functions are on the ground and NTN vehicle (e.g., satellite) only embarks antenna units to forward signals.
[0067] In Release 19, it is observed that the support of NTN with gNB / eNB functions on board the NTN vehicle (i.e. regenerative payloads) provides new architecture option (s) besides the transparent payload as specified in Release 17 and Release 18, which makes the deployment of NTN more flexible. Support of regenerative payload also brings some benefits on radio resource handling in Uu, and radio resource coordination between the gNBs / eNBs via the ISL. As a result, in the latest 3GPP RAN#102 for Release 19 scopes, it is proposed to support regenerative payloads in Release 19 NTN and study the potential enhancements. For the regenerative payloads in NTN, an objective was determined in the work item description (WID) of Release 19 NR NTN to specify the support of gNB / eNB on board and to specify, if needed, any necessary enhancements related to the intra and inter-gNB / eNB mobility, especially for Xn interface over feeder link or over ISL. Meanwhile, the support of regenerative payload was also assumed in the WID of Release 19 IoT NTN for store-and-forward operation.
[0068] However, in Release 19 NTN with regenerative payloads, the accessibility between a gNB / eNB on board a satellite and other apparatuses in the network may be impacted e.g., due to the satellite’s capability, position, movement, etc. The interface (s) between the gNB / eNB on board the satellite and other apparatuses and thus the communication via the interface (s) may be impacted accordingly.
[0069] In view of the above, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for interface change associated with a base station. By communicating information of an interface / link change when a possible interface change is to occur, the communication reliability may be improved.
[0070] As used herein, the term “NTN” refers to a network or segments of a network using RF resources on board a satellite. The satellite in NTN can be a GEO satellite with a fixed location to the Earth, or a LEO satellite orbiting around the Earth.
[0071] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0072] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0073] In NTN scenarios, a network entity 102 may be implemented as a satellite. A network entity 102 in form of a satellite can directly communicate to UE 104 using NR / LTE Uu interface. The satellite may be a transparent satellite or a regenerative satellite. For NTN with a transparent satellite, a base station on earth may communicate with a UE via the satellite. For example, a communication link 110 between the satellite and the UE 104, a communication link 110 between the satellite and a base station on earth, and a communication link 116 between the base station on earth and core network 106 may be used for the NTN transparent mode. For NTN with a regenerative satellite, the base station may be on board and directly communicate with the UE. For example, a communication link 110 between the satellite and the UE 104, and a communication link 116 between the satellite (with full or part of an eNB / gNB on board) and core network 106 may be used for the NTN regenerative mode.
[0074] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0075] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0076] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0077] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0078] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0079] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0080] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0081] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0082] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0083] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0084] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0085] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0086] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0087] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0088] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0089] Additionally, or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0090] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0091] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0092] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100-1 with interfaces impacted by an ISL existence of regenerative payloads in NTN. It is noted that the wireless communications system 100-1 may be considered as part of or a specific example of the wireless communications system 100 in FIG. 1A. For the purpose of discussion, the wireless communications system 100-1 may include a first gNB / eNB 102-1 onboard a first satellite (e.g., SAT #1) and a second gNB / eNB 102-2 onboard a second satellite (e.g., SAT #2) . The first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2 may be specific examples of the network entity 102 in FIG. 1A.
[0093] As shown in FIG. 1B, at time T1, there is an ISL between the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2. The first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2 may communicate via an Xn interface or an X2 interface over the ISL. The Xn / X2 interface over the ISL relies on the ISL existence. The ISL existence can be affected by the two satellites’ capabilities, positions, movements and / or the distance between the two satellites. As shown in FIG. 1B, at time T2, the distance between the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2 becomes longer and the ISL between the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2 is interrupted. The Xn / X2 interface between the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2 is impacted by the interruption of the ISL.
[0094] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100-2 with interfaces impacted by an ISL existence of regenerative payloads in NTN. It is noted that the wireless communications system 100-2 may be considered as part of or a specific example of the wireless communications system 100 in FIG. 1A. For the purpose of discussion, the wireless communications system 100-2 may include a first gNB / eNB 102-1 onboard a first satellite (e.g., SAT #1) , a second gNB / eNB 102-2 onboard a second satellite (e.g., SAT #2) , a first AMF / MME 106-1, a second AMF / MME 106-2 and a third AMF / MME 106-3. The first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2 may be specific examples of the network entity 102 in FIG. 1A. The first AMF / MME 106-1, the second AMF / MME 106-2 and the third AMF / MME 106-3 may be example functions in the core network 106 in FIG. 1A.
[0095] As shown in FIG. 1C, at time T1, there is a first feeder link between the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the first AMF / MME 106-1 and a second feeder link between the second gNB / eNB 102-2 and the second AMF / MME 106-2. The first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the first AMF / MME 106-1 may communicate via a NG interface or a S1 interface over the first feeder link. The second gNB / eNB 102-2 and the second AMF / MME 106-2 may communicate via a NG interface or a S1 interface over the second feeder link.
[0096] The feeder link can be affected by the satellite’s capability, position, movement and / or distance between the satellite and the CN entity (e.g., the AMF / MME) . At time T2, as the first gNB / eNB 102-1 moves away from the first AMF / MME 106-1, the first feeder link is broken and a third feeder link is established between the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the third AMF / MME 106-3. The NG / S1 interface between the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the CN entity is impacted by the feeder link switch.
[0097] If there is an ISL between the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102- 2, the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2 may communicate via an Xn / X2 interface over the ISL; otherwise, the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2 may communicate via an Xn / X2 interface over the first and second feeder links, as shown in FIG. 1C. The Xn / X2 interface over the feederlinks may also be impacted by the feeder link switch associated with the gNBs / eNBs.
[0098] In an example scenario of inter-gNB / eNB mobility, a UE may perform a handover from the first gNB / eNB 102-1 (also referred to as “the source gNB / eNB” ) to the second gNB / eNB 102-2 (also referred to as “the target gNB / eNB” ) . The implementation of inter-gNB / eNB mobility relies on the signaling exchange between the source and target gNBs / eNBs via Xn / X2 interface and the signaling exchange between the AMF / MME entity and the source or target gNBs / eNBs via NG / S1 interface.
[0099] As the Release 17 &Release 18 NTN assumed transparent payloads wherein the gNBs / eNBs are on the ground, such signalling procedures for mobility in NTN are similar to the signalling procedures for mobility in TN. For the TN and the Release 17 &Release 18 NTN, at least for mobility purposes, the source and target gNBs / eNBs do not have information for accessibility between each other to avoid or prepare for Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change (including interface setup, interface removal or interface failure) .
[0100] However, in Release 19 NTN with regenerative payload, as shown in FIGS. 1B and 1C, the accessibility between the source and target gNBs on-board two satellites is impacted by ISL existence between satellites and feeder link switch between satellites and AMF / MME entity, and the accessibility between the source / target gNB on-board a satellite and a CN entity (e.g., an AMF / MME) is impacted by the feeder link switch between the satellite and the CN entity. If the source and target gNBs / eNBs do not have information for accessibility between each other, the followed mobility procedures, e.g., HO preparation procedure, HO cancel procedure, HO success procedure, SN status transfer procedure, UE context retrieve procedure, UE context transfer procedure, may be impacted by the interface change. Therefore, to support inter-gNB / eNB mobility, the information of ISL and feeder link switch for the corresponding satellites needs to be specified.
[0101] The ISL existence can be affected by the two satellites’ capabilities, positions, movements and / or distance between. The Xn / X2 interface over ISL relies on the ISL existence. For a source or target gNB / eNB, information (e.g. ephemeris) of the two associated satellites is needed to derive the available duration for the Xn / X2 interface over ISL. Alternatively or additionally, information of the available duration for the Xn / X2 interface over ISL is needed.
[0102] For feeder link switch, the feeder link switch timing can be affected by one satellite’s capability, position, movement and / or distance between a satellite (e.g., gNB / eNB) and a CN entity (e.g., AMF / MME) . For a source or target gNB / eNB, information of its associated satellite is needed e.g., to derive the available duration for NG / S1 over feeder link. Alternatively or additionally, information of the available duration for NG / S1 over feeder link is needed. Moreover, information of each other’s feeder link switch is needed e.g., to derive the available duration for Xn / X2 over two feeder links. Alternatively or additionally, information of the available duration for Xn / X2 over two feeder links is needed.
[0103] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of a handover procedure 100-4 that could be impacted by interface change of regenerative payloads in NTN. For purpose of discussion, the process 100-4 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A-1C, and the process 100-4 may involve a UE 104 as shown in FIG. 1A, a source gNB / eNB 102-1 onboard SAT #1 and a second gNB / eNB 102-2 onboard SAT #2 as shown in FIGS. 1B-1C, an AMF 106-4 and a UPF 106-4. The AMF 106-4 may be implemented as the first AMF / MME 106-1, the second AMF / MME 106-2 or the third AMF / MME 106-3 as shown in FIG. 1C.
[0104] In the procedure 100-4, the UE 104 may perform a handover from the source gNB / eNB 102-1 to the target gNB / eNB 102-2. If the source and target gNBs / eNBs do not have information for accessibility between each other, the procedure 100-4 may be impacted by the interface change.
[0105] Assuming that the information of possible Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change due to ISL change or feeder link switch has been exchanged, e.g., during Xn / X2 setup or handover preparation, the source gNB / eNB 102-1 and / or the target gNB / eNB 102-2 are aware that when a Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change will happen. For procedures between the gNBs / eNBs, the HO PREPARATION procedure (Step 3 / 5) shall consider whether Xn or NG change is expected in future HO procedures; the SN STATUS TRANSFER step (Step 7) could be interrupted; for CHO / DAPS, the EARLY STATUS TRANSFER step (Step 7a) and the HANDOVER SUCCESS step (Step 8a) could be interrupted; and the UE CONTEXT RELEASE step (Step 12) could be interrupted. For procedures between the gNB / eNB and the AMF 106-4, the PATH SWITCH step (Step 9 / 11) could be interrupted. For the failure recovery procedures at the UE 104, a RRC re-establishment may fail due to RETRIEVE UE CONTEXT failure. After the RETRIEVE UE CONTEXT step, the SN STATUS TRANSFER step, the PATH SWITCH step and the UE CONTEXT RELEASE step could be interrupted. Even if the source and the target gNBs / eNBs are aware of possible Xn / X2 or NG / S1 change due to ISL change or feeder link switch, there is a need to define how to handle a mobility or failure procedure when the corresponding change happen. Therefore, some enhancements to mobility or failure procedures considering Xn or NG change due to ISL change or feeder link switch need to be specified e.g., to prepare or to pre-define the corresponding behaviors for a procedure that could be interrupted by Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change.
[0106] FIG. 1D shows the NR handover procedures that could be impacted by Xn or NG interface change due to ISL change or feeder link switch. The LTE handover procedures could similarly be impacted by X2 or S1 interface change. It should be understood that the scenario of inter-gNB / eNB mobility is merely for illustration, embodiments of the present disclosure may also apply to other scenarios.
[0107] FIG. 2A illustrates an example signaling chart of an example process 200A that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200A will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A-1C. It would be appreciated that although the communication process 200A has been described referring to the network environment 100 of FIG. 1A, this communication process 200A may be likewise applied to other similar communication scenarios. The process 200A may involve a first base station 201 and a second apparatus 202. The first base station 201 may be a specific example of the network entity 102 in FIG. 1A. Specifically, the first base station 201 may be implemented as the first gNB / eNB 102-1 or the second gNB / eNB 102-2 in FIGS. 1B-1D. The second apparatus 202 may be implemented as an apparatus in communication with the first base station 201 in the communications system. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2A are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 200A may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0108] As shown in FIG. 2A, the first base station 201 communicates (212) , with the second apparatus 202, first information 214 of at least one of an interface change or a link change associated with at least one of the first base station 201 or a first apparatus if a possible interface change is to occur at the interface between the first base station 201 and the first apparatus. The first apparatus may be a same or different apparatus with the second apparatus 202. In some embodiments, when communicating the first information 214 with the second apparatus 202, the first base station 201 may transmit the first information 214 to the second apparatus 202. Alternatively, when communicating the first information 214 with the second apparatus 202, the first base station 201 may receive the first information 214 from the second apparatus 202.
[0109] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may detect (210) a possible interface change to occur at an interface between the first base station 201 and the first apparatus. The first base station 201 may communicate (212) the first information 214 with the second apparatus 202 in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur.
[0110] In some embodiments, the second apparatus 202 may detect (216) a possible interface change to occur at an interface between the first base station 201 and the first apparatus. The second apparatus 202 may communicate (218) the first information 214 with the first base station 201 in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur.
[0111] In some embodiments, the first apparatus may be a second base station. For example, the first base station 201 may be implemented as one of the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2 in FIG. 1B or 1C, and the first apparatus may be implemented as the other one of the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2. If a possible interface change is to occur at the interface between the two gNBs / eNBs, e.g., due to ISL change or feeder link switch, the two gNBs / eNBs may communicate information of the interface change or a link change causing the interface change. Alternatively or additionally, one of the two gNBs / eNBs may communicate the information of the interface change or the link change with another apparatus in the communication system.
[0112] In some embodiments, the first apparatus may be a core network entity. For example, the first base station 201 may be implemented as the first gNB / eNB 102-1 in FIG. 1C, and the first apparatus may be implemented as the first AMF / MME 106-1 in FIG. 1C. If a possible interface change is to occur at the interface between the a gNB / eNB and an AMF / MME, e.g., due to feeder link switch, the gNB / eNB may communicate, with the AMF / MME and / or another apparatus in the communication system, information of at least one of the interface change or a link change causing the interface change.
[0113] In some embodiments, the second apparatus 202 may be a UE. Alternatively, the second apparatus 202 may be a second base station. Alternatively, the second apparatus 202 may be a core network entity. Alternatively, the second apparatus 202 may be an operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) entity or an operations and maintenance (O&M) entity.
[0114] In some embodiments, the first information may include at least one of the following: an ISL existing duration, a timing of ISL change, an ISL latency or length, a feeder link existing duration, a feeder link switch time, a feeder link latency or length, an Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface existing duration, a timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change resulted from an ISL change or a feeder link switch, or the cause of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change including an ISL change or a feeder link switch.
[0115] In some implementations, the first apparatus may be a second base station and the interface change between the first and second base stations may be at least based on an ISL change. The first information 214 may include at least one of the following: an existing duration of an ISL between the first base station 201 and the second base station, a timing of a link change of the ISL, a latency of length of the ISL, a timing of the interface change, an existing duration of the interface between the first base station 201 and the second base station, or a cause of the interface change.
[0116] In some implementations, the first apparatus may be a core network entity or a second base station. The interface change between the first base station 201 and the first apparatus may be at least based on a change of a first feeder link between the first base station 201 and a first gateway in communication with the first base station 201. The first information 214 may include at least one of the following: an existing duration of the first feeder link, a timing of a link change of the first feeder link, a latency of length of the first feeder link, a timing of the interface change, an existing duration of the interface between the first base station 201 and the first apparatus, or a cause of the interface change.
[0117] In some implementations, the first apparatus may be a second base station and the interface change between the first and second base stations may be at least based on a change of a second feeder link between the second base station and a second gateway in communication with the second base station. The first information 214 may include at least one of the following: an existing duration of the second feeder link, a latency of length of the second feeder link, a timing of the interface change, an existing duration of the interface between the first base station 201 and the second base station, or a cause of the interface change.
[0118] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may transmit second information associated with the first base station 201 to the second apparatus 202. For example, the first base station 201 may transmit the second information to the second apparatus 202 in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the first base station 201 and the first apparatus. The second apparatus 202 may receive the second information from the first base station and determine the first information 214 at least based on the second information. The second apparatus 202 may then transmit the determined first information 214 to the first base station 201. In a more specific example, the first information may be derived by an OAM or O&M entity or a core network entity. The first base station may transmit a second information (e.g., assistance information) to the OAM or O&M entity or the core network entity to assist in deriving the first information.
[0119] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may receive second information from the second apparatus 202 or another apparatus. In some embodiments, the second information may be associated with the first base station 201. Alternatively or additionally, the first apparatus is a second base station and the second information may be associated with the second base station. The first base station 201 may determine the first information 214 at least based on the second information and transmit the determined first information 214 to the second apparatus 202. In a more specific example, the first information may be derived by the first base station. The OAM or O&M entity or the core network entity or the second base station may transmit a second information (e.g., assistance information) to the first base station to assist in deriving the first information.
[0120] In some embodiments, the second apparatus 202 may be a second base station, and the first information 214 may be communicated using an interface protocol between the first base station 201 and the second base station. The first information 214 may be included in a signaling message between the first base station 201 and the second base station. The signaling message may be a message in one of the following: an interface setup procedure, a NG-RAN node configuration update procedure, an interface removal procedure, a failure indication procedure, a handover preparation procedure, or a handover cancel procedure. In a more specific example, the first information (and optionally the second information) may be transmitted using an XnAP / X2AP interface protocol between the first base station and the second base station. The first information may be included in a signaling message between the first base station and the second base station, e.g., Xn / X2 Setup, NG-RAN node Configuration Update, Xn / X2 Removal, Failure Indication, Handover Preparation, Handover Cancel.
[0121] In some embodiments, the second apparatus 202 may be a core network entity, and the first information 214 may be communicated using an interface protocol between the first base station 201 and the core network entity. The first information 214 may be included in a signaling message between the first base station 201 and the core network entity. The signaling message may be a message in one of the following: an interface setup procedure, a RAN configuration update procedure, a failure indication procedure, a handover preparation procedure, or a handover cancel procedure. In a more specific example, the first information (and optionally the second information) may be transmitted using a NGAP / S1AP interface protocol between the first base station and the OAM or O&M entity or the core network entity. The first information (and optionally the second information) may be included in a signaling message between the first base station and the OAM or O&M entity or the core network entity, e.g., NG / S1 Setup, RAN Configuration Update, Failure Indication, Handover Preparation, Handover Cancellation.
[0122] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may determine a timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change based on the first information 214. The first base station 201 may determine a handover preparation failure in a handover preparation procedure between the first base station 201 and a second base station at or after the timing. Alternatively, the first base station 201 may start a first timer which expires at or before the timing, and determine a handover preparation failure in a handover preparation procedure between the first base station 201 and a second base station upon an expiration of a first timer. In a more specific example, for handover preparation, the source base station and / or the target base station may consider a handover preparation failure at or after the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change. Alternatively, the source base station and / or the target base station may start a first timer that expires at or before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change upon the first timer expires.
[0123] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may be a source base station of the handover preparation procedure, and the second base station may be a target base station of the handover preparation procedure. The source base station may trigger a handover cancel procedure in the case of determining the handover preparation failure. In a more specific example, for handover preparation, the source base station may consider a handover preparation failure at or after the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or upon the first timer expires, and a handover cancel procedure may be triggered before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or the timer expiration.
[0124] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may be a target base station of the handover preparation procedure, and the second base station may be a source base station of the handover preparation procedure. The target base station may release resources for a handover procedure of the handover preparation procedure in the case of determining the handover preparation failure. In a more specific example, for handover preparation, the target base station may consider a handover preparation failure at or after the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or upon the first timer expires and may release the resources for a handover at or after the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or upon the timer expiration.
[0125] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may be a source base station of a handover procedure between the first base station 201 and a second base station, and the second base station may be a target base station of the handover procedure. The source base station may determine a timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change based on the first information 214. In some implementations, after a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, the source base station may start a second timer which expires at or before the timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change.
[0126] After a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change or before an expiration of the second timer, the source base station may transmit, to the target base station, an expected or minimum count value associated with the handover procedure at the timing. Alternatively, after a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change or before an expiration of the second timer, the source base station may transmit, to the target base station, UE context information. Alternatively, after a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change or before an expiration of the second timer, the source base station may release resources for a UE connection-re-establishment procedure in the case that the first base station 201 does not receive a handover success message from the target base station after a handover execution procedure of the handover procedure. Alternatively, after a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change or before an expiration of the second timer, the source base station may release UE context in the case that the first base station 201 does not receive a UE context release message from the target base station during a handover completion procedure of the handover procedure.
[0127] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may be a target base station of a handover procedure between the first base station 201 and a second base station, the second base station may be a source base station of the handover procedure. The first base station 201 may determine a timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change based on the first information 214. In some implementations, after a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, the target base station may start a second timer which expires at or before the timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change.
[0128] After a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change or before an expiration of a second timer, the target base station may transmit, to a core network entity, a path switch request message with an expected timing for path switch. Alternatively, after a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change or before an expiration of a second timer, the target base station may transmit, to the source base station, a request message for retrieving UE context.
[0129] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may transmit, to a UE, third information associated with radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment. The third information may be associated with the first information 214 and may include at least one cell and at least one timing associated with the at least one cell.
[0130] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may trigger a procedure of indicating an error in a status transfer procedure in the case that the first base station 201 does not receive a response for a first time duration after transmitting a status transfer message to a second base station. For example, after a handover preparation, the source base station may start a timer with a default duration or a duration indicated by an OAM or O&M entity or a core network entity. The source base station may consider a SN STATUS TRANSFER failure or an EARLYSTATUS TRANSFER failure at or after the timer expiration if no response is received. A SN STATUS TRANSFER error indication procedure or an EARLYSTATUS TRANSFER error indication procedure may be triggered at or after the timer expiration if no response is received.
[0131] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may trigger a procedure of indicating an error in a path switch request procedure in the case that the first base station 201 does not receive a response for a second time duration after transmitting a path switch request message to a core network entity. For example, after a handover preparation, the target base station may start a timer with a default duration or a duration indicated by an OAM or O&M entity or a core network entity. The target base station may consider PATH SWITCH failure at or after the timer expiration if no response is received. A PATH SWITCH error indication procedure may be triggered at or after the timer expiration if no response is received.
[0132] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may release resources for a UE connection-re-establishment procedure in the case that the first base station 201 does not receive a handover success message from a second base station for a third time duration after a handover execution procedure. For example, after a handover preparation, the source base station may start a timer with a default duration or a duration indicated by an OAM or O&M entity or a core network entity. The source base station may release the resources for UE connection re-establishment at or after the timer expiration if the source base station does not receive a HANDOVER SUCCESS indication.
[0133] In some embodiments, the first base station 201 may release UE context in the case that the first base station 201 does not receive a UE context release message from a second base station for a fourth time duration during a handover completion procedure. For example, after a handover preparation, the source base station may start a timer with a default duration or a duration indicated by an OAM or O&M entity or a core network entity. The source base station may release UE CONTEXT at or after the timer expiration if the source base station does not receive a UE CONTEXT RELEASE indication.
[0134] FIG. 2B illustrates another example signaling chart of an example process 200B that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 200B will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A-1C. The process 200B may involve a first base station 201 and a UE 203. The first base station 201 may be a specific example of the network entity 102 in FIG. 1A. The UE 203 may be a specific example of the UE 104 in FIG. 1A. The first base station 201 may be a base station serving the UE. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2B are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. The same reference numerals are used to denote the elements or components described in FIG. 2B having the same operations as the elements or components described in FIG. 2A, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The process 200B may be implemented in combination with the process 200A in FIG. 2A or independently of the process 200A in FIG. 2A. It is to be understood that the process 200B may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0135] As shown in FIG. 2B, the first base station 201 may transmit (220) the first information 214 to the UE 203. The first information 214 is related to at least one of an interface change of an interface between the first base station 201 and a first apparatus or a link change associated with at least one of the first base station 201 or the first apparatus. The UE 203 may receive (222) the first information 214. In some embodiments, the UE 203 may determine a timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change based on the first information 214.
[0136] In some embodiments, the first apparatus may be a second base station or a core network entity. The first information 214 may include at least one of the following: an existing duration of an inter-satellite link (ISL) between the first base station 201 and the first apparatus in the case that the first apparatus is a second base station, a timing of a link change of the ISL, a latency of length of the ISL, an existing duration of a first feeder link between the first base station 201 and a first gateway in communication with the first base station 201, a timing of a link change of the first feeder link, a latency of length of the first feeder link, an existing duration of a second feeder link between the first apparatus and a second gateway in communication with the first apparatus in the case that the first apparatus is a second base station, a timing of a link change of the second feeder link, a latency of length of the second feeder link, a timing of the interface change, an existing duration of the interface between the first base station 201 and the first apparatus, or a cause of the interface change.
[0137] The UE 203 may skip a RRC re-establishment procedure to a cell in the case that a handover execution procedure is not completed before the timing or before an expiration of a second timer which expires at or before the timing, and perform a random access procedure. In a specific example, the UE 203 may receive the first information from the first base station and determine the timing of a Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change based on the first information. The UE 203 may start a third timer that expires at or before the timing of the Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change. The UE 203 may skip a RRC re-establishment procedure to a cell associated to the gNB / eNB that is impacted by the Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change, before or after the timing of the Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or the timer expiration.
[0138] Alternatively, the first base station 201 may transmit (224) third information 226 to the UE 203. The third information 226 is associated with the first information 214 and may include at least one cell and at least one timing associated with the at least one cell. The UE 203 may receive (228) the third information 226 from the first base station 201. In some embodiments, the UE 203 may skip a RRC re-establishment procedure to one of the at least one cell in the case that one of the at least one timing associated with the cell has passed. In a specific example, the UE 203 may start a fourth timer that expires at or before the timing of the indicated timing for each cell in the third information. The UE104 may skip a RRC re-establishment procedure to a cell before or after its associated timing or the associated timer expiration.
[0139] FIG. 3A illustrates an example procedure 300A of information exchange that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the communication process 300A will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A-1C. It would be appreciated that although the communication process 300A has been described referring to the network environment 100 of FIG. 1A, this communication process 300A may be likewise applied to other similar communication scenarios. The procedure 300A may involve a UE 301, a source gNB / eNB 302, a target gNB / eNB 303, and an AMF / MME 304. The UE 301 may be a specific example of the UE 301 as shown in FIG. 1A. The source gNB / eNB 302 and the target gNB / eNB 303 may be specific examples of the network entity 102 as shown in FIG. 1A. Specifically, the source gNB / eNB 302 may be implemented as one of the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2 in FIG. 1B or 1C, and the target gNB / eNB 303 may be implemented as the other one of the first gNB / eNB 102-1 and the second gNB / eNB 102-2. The AMF / MME 304 may be example function (s) in the core network 106 in FIG. 1A. The communication process 300A may be regarded as a specific example implementation of the process 200A of FIG. 2A. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3A are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 300A may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0140] As shown in FIG. 3A, an Xn / X2 interface is set up between the source gNB / eNB 302 and the target gNB / eNB 303 in Xn / X2 global procedures 311. An NG / S1 interface between the source gNB / eNB 302 and the AMF / MME 304 and an NG / S1 interface between the target gNB / eNB 303 and the AMF / MME 304 are set up in NG / S1 interface management procedures 312. Although only one AMF / MME 304 is shown in FIG. 3A, the AMF / MME 304 may be implemented as multiple entities. The Xn / X2 interface may be set up over an ISL or feeder links. The NG / S1 interfaces may be set up over feeder links. The source gNB / eNB 302 may determine (314) a handover of the UE 301 from the source gNB / eNB 302 to the target gNB / eNB 303 based on the measurements and reports 313 from the UE 301. Handover preparation procedures 315 may then be performed by the source gNB / eNB 302, the target gNB / eNB 303 and the AMF / MME 304.
[0141] If the Xn / X2 interface between the source gNB / eNB 302 and the target gNB / eNB 303 is over an ISL, the Xn / X2 interface may be impacted when the ISL is interrupted. If a feeder link switch associated with the source gNB / eNB 302 happens, the NG / S1 interface between the source gNB / eNB 302 and the AMF / MME 304 may be impacted. If a feeder link switch associated with the target gNB / eNB 303 happens, the NG / S1 interface between the target gNB / eNB 303 and the AMF / MME 304 may be impacted. If the Xn / X2 interface between the source gNB / eNB 302 and the target gNB / eNB 303 is over feeder links, the Xn / X2 interface may also be impacted when the feeder link switch happens.
[0142] As shown in FIG. 3A, the source gNB / eNB 302 may communicate first information of satellite links (e.g., an ISL and / or a feeder link) and / or corresponding Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change with the target gNB / eNB 303. The first information may include at least one of the following: ISL existing duration, timing of ISL change, ISL latency or length, feeder link existing duration, feeder link switch time, feeder link latency or length, Xn / X2 or NG / S1 existing duration, timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change resulted from ISL change or feeder link switch, or a cause of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change including ISL change or feeder link switch.
[0143] In some embodiments, the first information may be transmitted using an interface protocol between the source gNB / eNB 302 and the target gNB / eNB 303, e.g., XnAP / X2AP. The first information may be included in a signaling message between the source gNB / eNB 302 and the target gNB / eNB 303. For example, the first information may be included in a signaling message in the Xn / X2 global procedures 311 (e.g., before mobility) , e.g., Xn / X2 Setup, NG-RAN node Configuration Update, Xn / X2 Removal, or Failure Indication. Alternatively, the first information may be included in a signaling message in the UE mobility management procedures, e.g., Handover Preparation, or Handover Cancel.
[0144] FIG. 3B illustrates another example procedure 300B of information exchange that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The procedure 300B may involve a UE 301, a source gNB / eNB 302, a target gNB / eNB 303, and an AMF / MME 304. In some embodiments, the procedure 300B may also involve an OAM / O&M entity 305. The same reference numerals are used to denote the elements or components described in FIG. 3B having the same operations as the elements or components described in FIG. 3A, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The process 300B may be implemented in combination with the process 300A in FIG. 3A or independently of the process 300A in FIG. 3A. The communication process 300B may be regarded as a specific example implementation of the process 200A of FIG. 2A. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3B are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 300B may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0145] As shown in FIG. 3B, the source gNB / eNB 302 may communicate the first information of satellite links (e.g., an ISL and / or a feeder link) and / or corresponding Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change with the AMF / MMF 304 or the OAM / O&M entity 305. Alternatively or additionally, the target gNB / eNB 303 may communicate the first information of satellite links (e.g., an ISL and / or a feeder link) and / or corresponding Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change with the AMF / MMF 304 or the OAM / O&M entity 305. The first information may include at least one of the following: ISL existing duration, timing of ISL change, ISL latency or length, feeder link existing duration, feeder link switch time, feeder link latency or length, Xn / X2 or NG / S1 existing duration, timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change resulted from ISL change or feeder link switch, or a cause of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change including ISL change or feeder link switch.
[0146] In some embodiments, the source gNB / eNB 302 and / or the target gNB / eNB 303 may obtain the first information from the OAM / O&M entity 305. The source gNB / eNB 302 and / or the target gNB / eNB 303 may transmit second information (e.g., assistance information) in advance to the OAM or O&M entity 305 to assist in deriving the first information. The second information may include at least one of the following: a satellite ID associated with the gNB / eNB, an ephemeris of the satellite, or ISL requirements (e.g., an ISL quality requirement, an ISL latency requirement) .
[0147] In some embodiments, the source gNB / eNB 302 and / or the target gNB / eNB 303 may obtain the first information from a core network entity (e.g., the AMF / MME 304) . The source gNB / eNB 302 and / or the target gNB / eNB 303 may transmit second information (e.g., assistance information) in advance to the core network entity to assist in deriving the first information. The second information may include at least one of the following: a satellite ID associated with the gNB / eNB, an ephemeris of the satellite, or ISL requirements (e.g., an ISL quality requirement, an ISL latency requirement) .
[0148] Alternatively, the first information may be derived by the source gNB / eNB 302 or the target gNB / eNB 303. The OAM or O&M entity 305 or the core network entity may transmit second information (e.g., assistance information) in advance to the source gNB / eNB 302 or the target gNB / eNB 303 to assist in deriving the first information. The second information may include at least one of the following: a satellite ID associated with the gNB / eNB, an ephemeris of the satellite, or ISL requirements (e.g., an ISL quality requirement, an ISL latency requirement) .
[0149] In some embodiments, the first information (and optionally the second information) may be transmitted using an interface protocol between the source gNB / eNB 302 or the target gNB / eNB 303 and the OAM or O&M entity or the core network entity, e.g., NGAP / S1AP. The first information (and optionally the second information) may be included in a signaling message between the source gNB / eNB 302 or the target gNB / eNB 303 and the OAM or O&M entity or the core network entity. For example, the first information (and optionally the second information) may be included in a signaling message in the NG / S1 interface management procedures 312 (e.g., before mobility) , e.g., NG / S1 Setup, RAN Configuration Update, Failure Indication. Alternatively, the first information may be included in a signaling message in the UE mobility management procedures, e.g., Handover Preparation, or Handover Cancel.
[0150] Based on the first information, the source gNB / eNB 302 and the target gNB / eNB 303 may be aware of the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change. The handover procedures may be optimized accordingly. Embodiments of the handover procedures based on the first information may be illustrated in FIGS. 3C-3F.
[0151] FIG. 3C illustrates an example procedure 300C of handover preparation that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The procedure 300C may involve a UE 301, a source gNB / eNB 302, a target gNB / eNB 303, and an AMF / MME 304. The same reference numerals are used to denote the elements or components described in FIG. 3C having the same operations as the elements or components described in FIGS. 3A and 3B, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The process 300C may be implemented in combination with the process 300A in FIG. 3A or the process 300B in FIG. 3B or independently of the process 300A in FIG. 3A or the process 300B in FIG. 3B. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3C are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 300C may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0152] In the process 300C, the source gNB / eNB 302 and the target gNB / eNB 303 may perform the handover preparation procedures 315 based on the first information. For example, the source gNB / eNB 302 may determine the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change based on the first information. For the handover preparation procedures 315, the source gNB / eNB 302 may start a first timer that expires at or before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change. The source gNB / eNB 302 may consider a handover preparation failure at or after timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or upon the timer expiration. A handover cancel procedure may be triggered before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or the timer expiration.
[0153] Alternatively or additionally, the target gNB / eNB 303 may determine the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change based on the first information. For the handover preparation procedures 315, the target gNB / eNB 303 may start a first timer that expires at or before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change. The target gNB / eNB 303 may consider handover preparation failure at or after timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or upon the timer expiration. The target gNB / eNB 303 may release the resources for a handover at or after timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or upon the timer expiration.
[0154] FIG. 3D illustrates an example procedure 300D of handover execution that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The procedure 300D may involve a UE 301, a source gNB / eNB 302, a target gNB / eNB 303, and an AMF / MME 304. The same reference numerals are used to denote the elements or components described in FIG. 3D having the same operations as the elements or components described in FIGS. 3A-3C, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The process 300D may be implemented in combination with the processes 300A, 300B and 300C in FIGS. 3A-3C or independently of the processes 300A, 300B and 300C in FIGS. 3A-3C. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3D are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 300D may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0155] In the process 300D, after the handover preparation procedures 315, the source gNB / eNB 302 may transmit (316) a handover initiation indication to the UE 301. Handover execution procedures 317 may then be performed by the source gNB / eNB 302, the target gNB / eNB 303 and the AMF / MME 304 based on the first information. For example, the source gNB / eNB 302 and / or the target gNB / eNB 303 may determine the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change based on the first information. After the handover preparation procedures 315, the source gNB / eNB 302 and / or the target gNB / eNB 303 may start a second timer that expires at or before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change.
[0156] In some embodiments, the source gNB / eNB 302 may transmit the expected or minimum COUNT value at the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change to the target gNB / eNB 303 before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or the timer expiration. For example, for the SN STATUS TRANSFER or EARLY STATUS TRANSFER procedure, the expected or minimum COUNT value, optionally with the expected timing for SN STATUS TRANSFER or EARLY STATUS TRANSFER, may be indicated by the source gNB / eNB 302 to the target gNB / eNB 303 at the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change prior to the legacy SN STATUS TRANSFER or EARLY STATUS TRANSFER or HANDOVER SUCCESS.
[0157] In some embodiments, for the HANDOVER CANCEL or CONDITIONAL HANDOVER CANCEL procedure, the source gNB / eNB 302 may transmit a handover cancel indication to the target gNB / eNB 303 before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or the timer expiration.
[0158] In some embodiments, for the HANDOVER SUCCESS procedures, the source gNB / eNB 302 may release the resources for UE connection re-establishment at or after the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or the timer expiration if the source gNB / eNB 302 does not receive a HANDOVER SUCCESS indication.
[0159] In some embodiments, for the PATH SWITCH procedures, a PATH SWITCH request with the expected timing for PATH SWITCH may be indicated prior to legacy PATH SWITCH. For example, the target gNB / eNB 303 may transmit a PATH SWITCH request to the AMF / MME 304 with the expected timing for PATH SWITCH before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or the timer expiration.
[0160] In some embodiments, the source gNB / eNB 302 may transmit UE CONTEXT to the target gNB / eNB 303 before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or the timer expiration. In some embodiments, for the UE CONTEXT RETRIEVE procedures, the UE CONTEXT may be indicated or requested before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change. For example, the target gNB / eNB 303 may transmit a UE CONTEXT RETRIEVE indication to the source gNB / eNB 302 before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or the timer expiration.
[0161] In some embodiments, for the UE CONTEXT RELEASE procedures, if the source gNB / eNB 302 does not receive a UE CONTEXT RELEASE indication after the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change, the source gNB / eNB 302 may choose to release the UE CONTEXT.
[0162] FIG. 3E illustrates an example procedure 300E of UE behaviors in a handover procedure that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The procedure 300E may involve a UE 301, a source gNB / eNB 302, a target gNB / eNB 303, and an AMF / MME 304. The same reference numerals are used to denote the elements or components described in FIG. 3E having the same operations as the elements or components described in FIGS. 3A-3D, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The process 300E may be implemented in combination with the processes 300A, 300B, 300C and 300D in FIGS. 3A-3D or independently of the processes 300A, 300B, 300C and 300D in FIGS. 3A-3D. The communication process 300E may be regarded as a specific example implementation of the process 200B of FIG. 2B. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3E are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 300E may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0163] In the process 300E, the source gNB / eNB 302 may transmit the first information to the UE 301. The first information may be indicated to the UE 301 to optimize the handover failure handling procedures and the re-establishment procedures, e.g., the UE may choose to skip RRC re-establishment to a cell if retrieving its CONTEXT is not possible due to Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change. The UE 301 may determine the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change based on the first information. The UE 301 may start a third timer that expires at or before the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change. During the handover failure handling procedures 318, the UE 301 may skip a RRC re-establishment procedure to a cell associated to the gNB / eNB that is impacted by the Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change, before or after the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change or the timer expiration.
[0164] FIG. 3F illustrates another example procedure 300F of UE behaviors in a handover procedure that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The procedure 300F may involve a UE 301, a source gNB / eNB 302, a target gNB / eNB 303, and an AMF / MME 304. The same reference numerals are used to denote the elements or components described in FIG. 3F having the same operations as the elements or components described in FIGS. 3A-3D, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The process 300F may be implemented in combination with the processes 300A, 300B, 300C and 300D in FIGS. 3A-3D or independently of the processes 300A, 300B, 300C and 300D in FIGS. 3A-3D. The communication process 300F may be regarded as a specific example implementation of the process 200B of FIG. 2B. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 3F are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that the process 300F may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0165] In the process 300F, the source gNB / eNB 302 may transmit a transformation of the first information (e.g., the third information) to the UE 301. The third information may be indicated to the UE 301 to optimize the handover failure handling procedures and the re-establishment procedures, e.g., the UE may choose to skip RRC re-establishment to a cell if retrieving its CONTEXT is not possible due to Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change. The UE 301 receives the third information from the source gNB / eNB 302. The third information for RRC re-establishment may include at least one cell with at least one timing. For example, a cell list for failure recovery (e.g., for RRC re-establishment) is provided to UE from the source gNB / eNB 302. Each cell is associated to a timing. The UE 301may start a fourth timer that expires at or before the timing of the indicated timing for each cell in the third information. During the handover failure handling procedures 318, the UE 301 may skip a RRC re-establishment procedure to a cell before or after its associated timing or the associated timer expiration.
[0166] FIGS. 3C-3F illustrates example enhancements to the mobility or failure handling procedures considering the Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change due to ISL change or feeder link switch. The mobility procedures are optimized with knowledge of upcoming Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change to guarantee handover success as much as possible.
[0167] In some other embodiments, assuming that no information of possible Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change due to ISL change or feeder link switch has been exchanged (e.g., following legacy procedures) , the source and the target gNBs / eNBs are unaware about when a Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change will happen. In this case, no preliminary enhancement may be considered, and studies on how to define the corresponding behaviors for a procedure that has been interrupted by Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change are needed.
[0168] According to 3GPP TS38.423, due to the assumption of stable Xn / X2 in TN, the unsuccessful operation is not defined for some XnAP procedures including SN STATUS TRANSFER, EARLY STATUS TRANSFER, UE CONTEXT RELEASE, HO SUCCESS and HO CANCEL. For the procedure of RETRIEVE UE CONTEXT, the unsuccessful operation is defined based on that a response from target gNB may be received. The case when no response may be received needs to be considered. Similarly, enhancements for procedures between gNB and AMF according to 3GPP TS38.413 are needed.
[0169] Without the first information exchanged, the timing of Xn / X2 or NG / S1 interface change is unaware at the source or target gNB / eNB. After handover preparation, the source gNB / eNB or the target gNB / eNB 303 may start a fifth timer with a default duration or a duration indicated by an OAM or O&M entity or a core network entity.
[0170] In some embodiments, the source gNB / eNB may consider SN STATUS TRANSFER or EARLYSTATUS TRANSFER failure at or after the timer expiration if no response is received. A SN STATUS TRANSFER or EARLYSTATUS TRANSFER error indication procedure may be triggered at or after the timer expiration if no response is received for a time duration.
[0171] In some embodiments, the target gNB / eNB may consider PATH SWITCH failure at or after the timer expiration if no response is received. A PATH SWITCH error indication procedure may be triggered at or after the timer expiration if no response is received for a time duration.
[0172] In some embodiments, the source gNB / eNB may release the resources for UE connection re-establishment at or after the timer expiration if the source gNB / eNB does not receive a HANDOVER SUCCESS indication for a time duration.
[0173] In some embodiments, the source gNB / eNB may release UE CONTEXT at or after the timer expiration if the source gNB / eNB does not receive a UE CONTEXT RELEASE indication for a time duration.
[0174] Without awareness of possible Xn or NG interface change due to ISL change or feeder link switch by the source or target gNB / eNB, the unsuccessful or abnormal operations for the corresponding impacted procedures are defined.
[0175] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 400 that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 400 may be an example of a base station, a UE or a core network entity as described herein. The device 400 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0176] The processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0177] In some implementations, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) .
[0178] For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The device 400 may be implemented as a base station. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for detecting a possible interface change to occur at an interface between the base station and a first apparatus; and a means for communicating, with a second apparatus, first information of at least one of an interface change or a link change associated with at least one of the base station or the first apparatus, in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the base station and the first apparatus.
[0179] In another example, the device 400 may be implemented as a core network entity. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for detecting a possible interface change to occur at an interface between a base station and a first apparatus; and a means for communicating, with the base station, first information of at least one of an interface change of the interface or a link change associated with at least one of the base station or the first apparatus, in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the base station and the first apparatus.
[0180] In a further example, the device 400 may be implemented as a UE. The processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station, first information of at least one of an interface change of an interface between a base station and a first apparatus or a link change associated with at least one of the base station or the first apparatus; or a means for receiving, from a base station, third information associated with radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment, wherein the third information is associated with the first information and comprises at least one cell and at least one timing associated with the at least one cell.
[0181] The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 404) to cause the device 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure such that the device 400 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIGS. 2A to 3F.
[0182] The memory 404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 402 cause the device 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0183] The I / O controller 408 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I / O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 402. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 400 via the I / O controller 408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 408.
[0184] In some implementations, the device 400 may include a single antenna 410. However, in some other implementations, the device 400 may have more than one antenna 410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 410. The transceiver 406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0185] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0186] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0187] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may be implemented in a device or its components as described herein. For example, the device may be an example of a base station, a UE or a core network entity as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0188] The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0189] The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0190] The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.
[0191] The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .
[0192] The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and / or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and / or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, and the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0193] The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0194] The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the processor 500 may be configured to or operable to support a means for detecting a possible interface change to occur at an interface between the base station and a first apparatus; and a means for communicating, with a second apparatus, first information of at least one of an interface change or a link change associated with at least one of the base station or the first apparatus, in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the base station and the first apparatus.
[0195] In another example, the processor 500 may be configured to operable to support a means for detecting a possible interface change to occur at an interface between a base station and a first apparatus; and a means for communicating, with the base station, first information of at least one of an interface change of the interface or a link change associated with at least one of the base station or the first apparatus, in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the base station and the first apparatus.
[0196] In a further example, the processor 500 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a base station, first information of at least one of an interface change of an interface between a base station and a first apparatus or a link change associated with at least one of the base station or the first apparatus; or a means for receiving, from a base station, third information associated with radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment, wherein the third information is associated with the first information and comprises at least one cell and at least one timing associated with the at least one cell.
[0197] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by a base station as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0198] At 605, the method may include detecting a possible interface change to occur at an interface between the base station and a first apparatus. The operations of 605 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 605 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0199] At 610, the method may include communicating, with a second apparatus, first information of at least one of an interface change or a link change associated with at least one of the base station or the first apparatus, in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the base station and the first apparatus. The operations of 610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 610 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0200] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a core network entity as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0201] At 705, the method may include detecting a possible interface change to occur at an interface between a base station and a first apparatus. The operations of 705 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 705 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0202] At 710, the method may include communicating, with the base station, first information of at least one of an interface change of the interface or a link change associated with at least one of the base station or the first apparatus, in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the base station and the first apparatus. The operations of 710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0203] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a core UE as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0204] At 805, the method may include receiving, from a base station, first information of at least one of an interface change of an interface between a base station and a first apparatus or a link change associated with at least one of the base station or the first apparatus. The operations of 805 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0205] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports interface change associated with a base station in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a core UE as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0206] At 905, the method may include receiving, from a base station, third information associated with radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment, wherein the third information is associated with the first information and comprises at least one cell and at least one timing associated with the at least one cell. The operations of 905 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0207] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0208] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0209] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0210] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0211] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of”or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0212] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first base station, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:detect a possible interface change to occur at an interface between the first base station and a first apparatus; andcommunicate, with a second apparatus via the transceiver, first information of at least one of an interface change or a link change associated with at least one of the first base station or the first apparatus, in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the first base station and the first apparatus.2.The first base station of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station or a core network entity.3.The first base station of claim 1, wherein the second apparatus is one of the following:a user equipment (UE) ;a second base station;a core network entity; oran operation, administration and maintenance (OAM) entity or an operations and maintenance (O&M) entity.4.The first base station of claim 1, wherein the first information comprises at least one of the following:an existing duration of an inter-satellite link (ISL) between the first base station and the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station;a timing of a link change of the ISL;a latency of length of the ISL;an existing duration of a first feeder link between the first base station and a first gateway in communication with the first base station;a timing of a link change of the first feeder link;a latency of length of the first feeder link;an existing duration of a second feeder link between the first apparatus and a second gateway in communication with the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station;a timing of a link change of the second feeder link;a latency of length of the second feeder link;a timing of the interface change;an existing duration of the interface between the first base station and the first apparatus; ora cause of the interface change.5.The first base station of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, to the second apparatus via the transceiver, second information associated with the first base station;wherein communicating the first information comprises:receiving, from the second apparatus via the transceiver, the first information, wherein the first information is at least based on the second information.6.The first base station of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver, second information, wherein the second information is associated with at least one of the following:the first base station; orthe first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station;wherein communicating the first information comprises:transmitting, to the second apparatus via the transceiver, the first information, wherein the first information is at least based on the second information.7.The first base station of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine a timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change based on the first information.8.The first base station of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine a handover preparation failure in a handover preparation procedure between the first base station and a second base station at or after the timing or upon an expiration of a first timer, wherein the first timer expires at or before the timing.9.The first base station of claim 8, wherein the first base station is a source base station of the handover preparation procedure, and the second base station is a target base station of the handover preparation procedure, wherein the processor is further configured to:trigger a handover cancel procedure in the case of determining the handover preparation failure.10.The first base station of claim 7, wherein the first base station is a source base station of a handover procedure between the first base station and a second base station, the second base station is a target base station of the handover procedure, andwherein the processor is further configured to:perform one of the following, after a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing or before an expiration of a second timer which expires at or before the timing:transmitting, to the target base station via the transceiver, an expected or minimum count value associated with the handover procedure at the timing;transmitting, to the target base station via the transceiver, UE context information;releasing resources for a UE connection-re-establishment procedure in the case that the first base station does not receive a handover success message from the target base station after a handover execution procedure of the handover procedure; orreleasing UE context in the case that the first base station does not receive a UE context release message from the target base station during a handover completion procedure of the handover procedure.11.The first base station of claim 7, wherein the first base station is a target base station of a handover procedure between the first base station and a second base station, the second base station is a source base station of the handover procedure, andwherein the processor is further configured to:perform one of the following, after a handover preparation procedure of the handover procedure, and before the timing or before an expiration of a second timer which expires at or before the timing:transmitting, to a core network entity via the transceiver, a path switch request message with an expected timing for path switch; ortransmitting, to the source base station via the transceiver, a request message for retrieving UE context.12.The first base station of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, to a UE via the transceiver, third information associated with radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment, wherein the third information is associated with the first information and comprises at least one cell and at least one timing associated with the at least one cell.13.The first base station of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to perform one of the following:triggering a procedure of indicating an error in a status transfer procedure in the case that the first base station does not receive a response for a first time duration after transmitting a status transfer message to a second base station;triggering a procedure of indicating an error in a path switch request procedure in the case that the first base station does not receive a response for a second time duration after transmitting a path switch request message to a core network entity;releasing resources for a UE connection-re-establishment procedure in the case that the first base station does not receive a handover success message from a second base station for a third time duration after a handover execution procedure; orreleasing UE context in the case that the first base station does not receive a UE context release message from a second base station for a fourth time duration during a handover completion procedure.14.A core network entity, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the core network entity to:detect a possible interface change to occur at an interface between a first base station and a first apparatus; andcommunicate, with the first base station, first information of at least one of an interface change of the interface or a link change associated with at least one of the first base station or the first apparatus, in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the first base station and the first apparatus.15.The core network entity of claim 14, wherein the first apparatus is one of the following:a second base station;the core network entity; ora second core network entity different from the core network entity.16.The core network entity of claim 14, wherein the first information comprises at least one of the following:an existing duration of an inter-satellite link (ISL) between the first base station and the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station;a timing of a link change of the ISL;a latency of length of the ISL;an existing duration of a first feeder link between the first base station and a first gateway in communication with the first base station;a timing of a link change of the first feeder link;a latency of length of the first feeder link;an existing duration of a second feeder link between the first apparatus and a second gateway in communication with the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station;a timing of a link change of the second feeder link;a latency of length of the second feeder link;a timing of the interface change;an existing duration of the interface between the first base station and the first apparatus; ora cause of the interface change.17.A user equipment, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, from a first base station via the transceiver, first information of at least one of an interface change of an interface between a first base station and a first apparatus or a link change associated with at least one of the first base station or the first apparatus; orreceive, from a first base station via the transceiver, third information associated with radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment, wherein the third information is associated with the first information and comprises at least one cell and at least one timing associated with the at least one cell.18.The user equipment of claim 17, wherein the first information comprises at least one of the following:an existing duration of an inter-satellite link (ISL) between the first base station and the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station;a timing of a link change of the ISL;a latency of length of the ISL;an existing duration of a first feeder link between the first base station and a first gateway in communication with the first base station;a timing of a link change of the first feeder link;a latency of length of the first feeder link;an existing duration of a second feeder link between the first apparatus and a second gateway in communication with the first apparatus, wherein the first apparatus is a second base station;a timing of a link change of the second feeder link;a latency of length of the second feeder link;a timing of the interface change;an existing duration of the interface between the first base station and the first apparatus; ora cause of the interface change.19.The user equipment of claim 17, wherein the first information is received, the processor is further configured to:determine a timing of the at least one of the interface change or the link change based on the first information;skip a RRC re-establishment procedure to a cell in the case that a handover execution procedure is not completed before the timing or before an expiration of a second timer which expires at or before the timing; andperform a random access procedure.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:detect a possible interface change to occur at an interface between a first base station and a first apparatus; andcommunicate, with a second apparatus, first information of at least one of an interface change or a link change associated with at least one of the first base station or the first apparatus, in response to detecting the possible interface change to occur at the interface between the first base station and the first apparatus.
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