Gel monomer, gel electrolyte, and gel battery

Abstract

The present application relates to a gel monomer, a gel electrolyte, and a gel battery. A boron atom in the monomer structure has two vacant p-orbitals, so that the boron atom has strong Lewis acidity; Lewis acid-base interaction between boron and anions can hinder movement of the anions in an electrolyte, so that the lithium transference number in the electrolyte is increased; and due to the Lewis acidity, it is easy to interact with anions in a lithium salt, promoting dissociation of the lithium salt, so that the ionic conductivity is improved. A flexible ether-oxygen bond in the monomer structure can improve the flexibility of a gel system and achieve an attraction effect with solvent molecules, so that the solid-liquid capacity of the system is improved. The vinyl ether group in the monomer structure can be initiated for polymerization by Lewis acid generated by thermal decomposition of the lithium salt, thereby generating a cross-linked network, so that the gel electrolyte can be generated in situ without the addition of an additional initiator.

Description

Gel monomer, gel electrolyte, and gel battery

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202311086646.1 filed on August 28, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of lithium-ion battery preparation, and in particular to a gel monomer, a gel electrolyte, and a gel battery. Background Art

[0004] Lithium-ion batteries have shown great energy storage potential due to their high energy density and high operating voltage. The liquid organic electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries has good electrical properties and good wetting effect. However, due to poor thermal stability and the risk of flammability and explosion, liquid organic electrolytes pose a major safety hazard. At the same time, due to the low lithium ion migration number, the fast charging performance is poor. Most batteries cannot meet the fast charging requirements of 3C or above. The essence of this is that the lithium ion migration number is too low, and the ion movement speed is significantly lower than the electron movement speed, resulting in increased polarization and thus poor electrochemical performance. The use of electrolytes with high lithium migration numbers can reduce the risk of lithium dendrite growth by reducing the concentration polarization of ions inside the battery, reducing safety hazards and improving fast charging performance.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an electrolyte with a high lithium transference number.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application provides a gel monomer, a gel electrolyte, and a gel battery to solve the technical problem of low lithium ion migration number in existing organic liquid electrolytes.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a gel monomer, wherein the chemical composition of the gel monomer has the chemical structure shown in Formula I:

[0009] Optionally, n ranges from 0 to 15.

[0010] Optionally, the gel monomer is prepared from synthetic raw materials through a synthetic reaction, and the synthetic raw materials include: hydroxy vinyl ether monomer, trimethyl borate and anhydrous solvent.

[0011] Optionally, the anhydrous solvent includes at least one of the following: tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and acetone.

[0012] Optionally, the temperature of the synthesis reaction is 25° C. to 100° C., and the time of the synthesis reaction is 2 h to 48 h.

[0013] Optionally, the molar ratio of the hydroxy vinyl ether monomer to the trimethyl borate is 3:10 to 3:1.

[0014] Optionally, the weight ratio of the anhydrous solvent to the mixture of the hydroxy vinyl ether monomer and the trimethyl borate is 1:1 to 10:1.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present application provides a gel electrolyte, the components of which include: an electrolyte, an initiating lithium salt, and the gel monomer described in any one of the technical solutions of the first aspect.

[0016] Optionally, the weight content of the gel monomer is 1%-60%, and the weight content of the initiating lithium salt is 0.01%-1%.

[0017] In a third aspect, the present application provides a gel battery, which includes the gel electrolyte described in any one of the technical solutions in the second aspect.

[0018] The above technical solution provided by this application has the following advantages compared with the existing technology:

[0019] The gel monomer provided in the present application has two empty p orbitals on the boron atom in the monomer structure, which makes it have strong Lewis acidity. The Lewis acid-base interaction between boron and anions can hinder the movement of anions in the electrolyte, thereby increasing the lithium migration number of the electrolyte, and the Lewis acidity easily interacts with the anions in the lithium salt and promotes the dissociation of the lithium salt, thereby improving the ionic conductivity; the flexible ether oxygen bond in the monomer structure can enhance the flexibility of the gel system and generate an attractive effect with the solvent molecules, thereby improving the solid-liquid capacity of the system; the vinyl ether group in the monomer structure can be polymerized by the Lewis acid generated by the thermal decomposition of the lithium salt to produce a cross-linked network, so that the gel electrolyte can be generated in situ without the addition of additional initiators. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0022] FIG1 is a chemical structural formula of a gel monomer provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] FIG2 is a reaction formula of a gel monomer provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] Various embodiments of the present application may be presented in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is only for convenience and brevity and should not be understood as a hard limitation on the scope of the present application; therefore, the range description should be considered to have specifically disclosed all possible sub-ranges and single numbers within the range. For example, the description of a range from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed sub-ranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, which applies regardless of the range. In addition, whenever a numerical range is indicated herein, it is meant to include any cited number (fractional or integer) within the indicated range.

[0026] In this application, unless otherwise specified, the directional words used, such as "upper" and "lower", refer specifically to the directions of the drawings in the accompanying drawings. In addition, in the description of the present application specification, the terms "including", "comprising", etc. mean "including but not limited to". In this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. In this article, "and / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. Wherein A and B can be singular or plural. In this article, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "plurality" refers to two or more. "At least one", "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c", or "at least one of a, b and c", can both mean: a, b, c, ab (i.e., a and b), ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in this application can be purchased from the market or prepared by existing methods.

[0028] In a first aspect, the present application provides a gel monomer (abbreviated as TVEB), the chemical composition of which has the chemical structure shown in Formula I:

[0029] In the embodiments of the present application, the gel monomer provided in the embodiments of the present application has two empty p orbitals on the boron atom in the monomer structure, which makes it have strong Lewis acidity. The Lewis acid-base interaction between boron and anions can hinder the movement of anions in the electrolyte, thereby increasing the lithium migration number of the electrolyte, and the Lewis acidity easily interacts with the anions in the lithium salt and promotes the dissociation of the lithium salt, thereby improving the ionic conductivity; the flexible ether oxygen bond in the monomer structure can improve the flexibility of the gel system and produce an attractive effect with the solvent molecules, thereby improving the solid-liquid capacity of the system; the vinyl ether group in the monomer structure can be polymerized by the Lewis acid generated by the thermal decomposition of the lithium salt to produce a cross-linked network, so that the gel electrolyte can be generated in situ without the addition of additional initiators.

[0030] In some embodiments, n is 0-15.

[0031] In the embodiments of the present application, the above-mentioned n value is controlled to obtain a suitable segment length. Within the range of n values, the preparation process is less difficult, and the tri(polyethylene glycol) borate obtained has a high yield and high purity. If the n value is too large, the synthesis difficulty will be increased to a certain extent, and because the n value is too large, the monomer molecular weight is too large, which will increase the price. At the same time, the controllability of the reaction is reduced. During the reaction process, because the reactant segment is too long, it may break, which will lead to an increase in side reactions, thereby reducing the yield of the target product and causing more impurities. Therefore, the n value should not exceed 15. When it exceeds 15, the yield is less than 60%. Specifically, the n value can be 0 (ethylene glycol monovinyl ether), 1 (diethylene glycol monovinyl ether), 2 (triethylene glycol monovinyl ether), 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, etc.

[0032] In some embodiments, the gel monomer is prepared from synthetic raw materials through a synthetic reaction, as shown in the synthetic reaction formula in FIG2 . The synthetic raw materials include: hydroxy vinyl ether monomer, trimethyl borate, and an anhydrous solvent.

[0033] In the above synthesis method, vinyl ether is grafted onto borate by an exchange reaction between borate and hydroxyl groups, thereby obtaining a vinyl ether-terminated multifunctional monomer (TVEB).

[0034] Specifically, hydroxy vinyl ether monomer and trimethyl borate were added to a three-necked flask containing an anhydrous solvent and stirred until the monomers were completely dissolved. After connecting a water separator and a condenser, nitrogen was introduced into the flask for 30 minutes. The flask was then heated to a constant temperature and continuously purged with nitrogen to remove the reaction product, methanol. After a period of isothermal reaction, the solvent and excess reactants were removed by rotary evaporation.

[0035] In the embodiments of the present application, the hydroxy vinyl ether monomer provides a vinyl ether group within the monomer structure of the aforementioned monomers. This vinyl ether group can be polymerized by the Lewis acid generated by thermal decomposition of the lithium salt, forming a cross-linked network. This allows for in-situ formation of a gel electrolyte without the addition of an additional initiator. The trimethyl borate provides a boron atom within the aforementioned monomer structure. The boron atom has two vacant p orbitals, which imparts strong Lewis acidity. The Lewis acid-base interaction between boron and anions hinders anion migration within the electrolyte, thereby increasing the lithium transference number of the electrolyte. Furthermore, this Lewis acidity readily interacts with anions in the lithium salt and promotes the dissociation of the lithium salt, thereby improving ionic conductivity. A vinyl ether is grafted onto the borate using an exchange reaction between the borate ester and the hydroxyl group, yielding a vinyl ether-terminated multifunctional monomer. The flexible ether oxygen bond within the monomer structure enhances the flexibility of the gel system and creates an attractive interaction with solvent molecules, thereby improving the system's solid-liquid capacity. The anhydrous solvent dissolves the reactants, improving the reaction success rate and yield, and ensuring the electrical performance of the electrolyte and battery.

[0036] In some embodiments, the anhydrous solvent comprises at least one of tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and acetone.

[0037] In the embodiments of the present application, at least one of tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and acetone is selected as the anhydrous solvent, which can better dissolve the reactants and improve the success rate and yield of the reaction. At the same time, the use of anhydrous solvent can ensure the electrical performance of the electrolyte and battery.

[0038] In some embodiments, the synthesis reaction temperature is 25° C. to 100° C., and the synthesis reaction time is 2 h to 48 h.

[0039] In the embodiments of the present application, the temperature and time of the above-mentioned synthesis reaction are controlled so that the reaction is sufficient, the gel curing effect is good, and the yield is high. If the temperature is too high or the time is too long, other side reactions will occur to a certain extent, affecting the electrical properties of the gel electrolyte; if the temperature is too low or the time is too short, the synthesis reaction will be insufficient to a certain extent, affecting the gel electrolyte curing effect. Specifically, the temperature can be 25°C, 35°C, 45°C, 55°C, 65°C, 75°C, 85°C, 95°C, 100°C, etc.; the time can be 2h, 8h, 10h, 15h, 20h, 30h, 40h, 48h, etc.

[0040] In some embodiments, the molar ratio of the hydroxy vinyl ether monomer to the trimethyl borate is 3:10 to 3:1.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present application, by regulating the ratio of hydroxy vinyl ether and trimethyl borate, within the above-mentioned molar ratio range, a good gel curing effect can be achieved, while the yield is high. If the molar ratio of hydroxy vinyl ether to trimethyl borate is too large, the reaction will be incomplete to a certain extent, and the raw materials will be wasted, affecting the gel curing effect; if the molar ratio of hydroxy vinyl ether to trimethyl borate is too small, the synthesis reaction will be incomplete to a certain extent, and there will be residual reactants, affecting the gel curing, and then there will be a certain impact on the electrical properties. Specifically, the molar ratio can be 3:10, 3:9, 3:8, 3:7, 3:6, 3:5, 3:4, etc.

[0042] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the anhydrous solvent to the mixture of the hydroxy vinyl ether monomer and the trimethyl borate is 1:1 to 10:1.

[0043] In the embodiment of the present application, the ratio of the anhydrous solvent to the mixture of the hydroxy vinyl ether and the trimethyl borate is controlled so that the reactants are completely dissolved and a good reaction environment is provided within the above-mentioned ratio range, while producing a good gel curing effect. If the weight ratio of the anhydrous solvent to the mixture of the hydroxy vinyl ether and the trimethyl borate is too large, it will cause the solvent content in the product to be too high to a certain extent, affecting the curing effect of the gel. At the same time, too much solvent will cause waste and increase costs. If the weight ratio of the anhydrous solvent to the mixture of the hydroxy vinyl ether and the trimethyl borate is too small, it will cause the reactants to be unable to be completely dissolved in the solvent to a certain extent, and there will be residual reactants, which cannot fully participate in the reaction and waste raw materials. Specifically, the weight ratio can be 1:1, 3:1, 5:1, 7:1, 9:1, 10:1, etc.

[0044] In a second aspect, the present application provides a gel electrolyte, the components of which include: an electrolyte, an initiating lithium salt, and the gel monomer described in any one embodiment of the first aspect.

[0045] In the examples of the present application, the TVEB synthesized above is used as a polymerization monomer. The TVEB can be triggered by the Lewis acid generated by the thermal decomposition of lithium salts in the electrolyte to undergo cationic polymerization, thereby forming a polymer cross-linked network that can absorb and retain the electrolyte. The flexible ethoxy groups in this cross-linked network give the polymer network high flexibility to adapt to the volume expansion that occurs during battery cycling and can effectively bind solvent molecules to form a solid gel; the boron atoms can promote the dissociation of lithium salts to improve conductivity and interact with anions to increase the lithium transference number.

[0046] In some embodiments, the weight content of the gel monomer is 1%-60%, and the weight content of the initiating lithium salt is 0.01%-1%.

[0047] In the embodiments of the present application, within the aforementioned gel monomer content range, the gel electrolyte exhibits excellent electrical properties and thermal stability, while also exhibiting excellent interfacial wetting. If the gel monomer content is too high, it will, to a certain extent, affect the wetting effect at the electrolyte-electrode interface, increasing interfacial resistance and impacting electrical performance. If the gel monomer content is too low, it will, to a certain extent, affect the thermal stability and safety of the electrolyte. A too low monomer content results in a high liquid content, increasing safety risks. Specifically, the gel monomer content can be 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, etc. Within the aforementioned range of the initiating lithium salt content, boron atoms can effectively promote the dissociation of the lithium salt and undergo Lewis acid-base interactions with anions, restricting anion movement, while also exhibiting excellent gel curing effects. Specifically, the initiating lithium salt content can be 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.5%, 1%, etc.

[0048] The above-mentioned electrolyte can be composed of a main lithium salt and an organic solvent, wherein the main lithium salt can be a mixture of one or more of LiPF6, LiClO4, LiAsF6, LiBF4, LiCH3SO3, LiCF3SO3, LiBOB, LiDFOB, LiN(FSO2)2 and LiN(CF3SO2)2. The organic solvent is one or more of ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and butylene carbonate, and may also be a chain carbonate compound; the chain carbonate compound may be a mixture of one or more of dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), a carbonate derivative synthesized from a linear or branched aliphatic monoalcohol having 3 to 8 carbon atoms and carbonic acid, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, dimethoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, methyl formate, ethyl formate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl acetate, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DME), dioxolane (DOL), trimethyl phosphite, triphenyl phosphite, and triphosphite.

[0049] At least one of LiPF6, LiBF4 and LiDFOB can be selected as the initiating lithium salt. The anion of the lithium salt can react well with the boron atom to produce Lewis acid-base reaction, thereby restricting the movement, increasing the dissociation degree of the lithium salt, and improving the lithium ion migration number.

[0050] In a third aspect, the present application provides a gel battery, comprising the gel electrolyte described in any one embodiment of the second aspect.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present application, the gel battery is prepared as follows: 1-60 wt% of TVEB is added to the electrolyte and stirred evenly. Then, 0.01-1 wt% of an initiating lithium salt is added and stirred evenly to prepare a precursor solution. The precursor solution is injected into a soft-pack battery cell and then encapsulated. After pre-charging the cell, the soft-pack battery is placed in an oven at 50-80°C for 1-24 hours. Finally, the cell is subjected to chemical formation to obtain a gel battery.

[0052] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are intended to illustrate the present application only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The experimental methods in the following examples where specific conditions are not specified are usually measured in accordance with national standards. If there are no corresponding national standards, then the methods are carried out in accordance with general international standards, conventional conditions, or according to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] Add 100g of ethylene glycol monovinyl ether and 393g of trimethyl borate to a three-necked flask containing 500g of anhydrous acetonitrile and stir until the monomers are completely dissolved. Connect a water separator and condenser, and flow nitrogen through the flask for 30 minutes. Then, heat to 80°C and continue purging with nitrogen to remove the reaction product, methanol. After a 40-hour isothermal reaction, rotary evaporation is performed to remove excess solvent and reactants. The yield is 92%.

[0055] In a glove box, 0.5g TVEB, 9.48g electrolyte (1M LiTFSI in EC:EMC:DEC=1:1:1 (V:V:V)), and 0.02g LiDFOB were added to a beaker, and a magnetic stirrer was added to obtain a precursor solution. The obtained precursor solution was then injected into a soft-pack battery cell and encapsulated. The soft-pack battery was pre-charged and placed in a 50°C oven for 5h. The soft-pack battery was then formed to obtain a gel battery.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] Add 100g of diethylene glycol monovinyl ether and 222g of trimethyl borate to a three-necked flask containing 600g of anhydrous toluene and stir until the monomers are completely dissolved. Connect a water separator and condenser, and flow nitrogen through the flask for 30 minutes. Then, heat to 70°C while continuously purging with nitrogen to remove the reaction product, methanol. After a 20-hour isothermal reaction, rotary evaporation is performed to remove excess solvent and reactants. The yield is 78%.

[0058] In a glove box, 1g of TVEB, 8.97g of electrolyte (1M LiFSI in EC:EMC=3:7 (V:V)), and 0.03g of LiPF6 were added to a beaker. A magnetic stirrer was added to obtain a precursor solution. The resulting precursor solution was then injected into a soft-pack battery cell and encapsulated. The soft-pack cell was pre-charged and heated in a 60°C oven for 7 hours. The soft-pack cell was then formed to obtain a gel battery.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] Add 100g of triethylene glycol monovinyl ether and 40g of trimethyl borate to a three-necked flask containing 1000g of anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide and stir until the monomers are completely dissolved. Connect a water separator and condenser, and flow nitrogen through the flask for 30 minutes. Then, heat to 65°C while continuously purging with nitrogen to remove the reaction product, methanol. After a 20-hour isothermal reaction, rotary evaporation is performed to remove excess solvent and reactants. The yield is 71%.

[0061] In a glove box, 2g of TVEB, 7.96g of electrolyte (1M LiPF6in DME:DOL=1:1 (V:V)), and 0.04g of LiBF4 were added to a beaker. A magnetic stirrer was added to obtain a precursor solution. The resulting precursor solution was then injected into a soft-pack battery cell and encapsulated. The soft-pack cell was pre-charged and heated in a 70°C oven for 10 hours. The soft-pack cell was then formed to obtain a gel battery.

[0062] The battery was charged and discharged at a rate of 0.3C using constant current and constant voltage charging / constant current discharging. The lithium transference number was tested using the constant potential polarization method.

[0063] This experiment used a curing method in a silicone rubber mold to prepare a 40 mm × 8 mm × 0.5 mm strip of gel. Tensile testing was performed using a tensile testing machine to measure its tensile strength. The test data are shown in Table 2.

[0064] Table 1 Composition of gel electrolyte

[0065] Table 2 Comprehensive performance test results of gel battery

[0066] In the examples of this application, a multifunctional unsaturated monomer containing a vinyl ether and a boron center was synthesized and used to fabricate a series of gel batteries in situ without the addition of an additional initiator. Experimental data demonstrate that this gel electrolyte exhibits a high lithium transference number, high ionic conductivity, high tensile strength, and a wide electrochemical window. Furthermore, lithium batteries using this electrolyte exhibit excellent cycling stability, achieving a high level of technical success in this field.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] A liquid organic electrolyte exhibits excellent electrical properties, with conductivity exceeding 5mS / cm and good wetting properties. The corresponding battery can maintain a capacity of 90% or even higher after 500 cycles at room temperature. However, liquid organic electrolytes have poor thermal stability and are flammable and explosive, posing significant safety risks. Furthermore, due to their low lithium ion migration number, they exhibit poor fast-charging performance, with most batteries unable to meet fast-charging rates exceeding 3C. This is essentially due to the low lithium ion migration number, and the significantly lower ion motion speed than the electron motion speed, which leads to increased polarization and, in turn, poor electrochemical performance. See Table 3 for specific data.

[0069] Table 3 Experimental results of comparative example 1

[0070] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following advantages:

[0071] The gel monomer provided in the embodiments of the present application has two empty p orbitals on the boron atom in the monomer structure, which makes it have strong Lewis acidity. The Lewis acid-base interaction between boron and anions can hinder the movement of anions in the electrolyte, thereby increasing the lithium migration number of the electrolyte, and the Lewis acidity easily interacts with the anions in the lithium salt and promotes the dissociation of the lithium salt, thereby improving the ionic conductivity; the flexible ether oxygen bond in the monomer structure can enhance the flexibility of the gel system and generate an attractive effect with the solvent molecules, thereby improving the solid-liquid capacity of the system; the vinyl ether group in the monomer structure can be polymerized by the Lewis acid generated by the thermal decomposition of the lithium salt to produce a cross-linked network, so that the gel electrolyte can be generated in situ without the addition of additional initiators.

[0072] The foregoing is merely a list of specific embodiments of the present application, intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is intended to conform to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features of the present application.

Claims

1. A gel monomer, wherein the chemical composition of the gel monomer has the chemical structure shown in Formula I:

2. The gel monomer according to claim 1, wherein The value of n ranges from 0 to 15.

3. The gel monomer according to claim 1, wherein The gel monomer is prepared from synthetic raw materials through a synthetic reaction, and the synthetic raw materials include: hydroxy vinyl ether monomer, trimethyl borate and anhydrous solvent.

4. The gel monomer according to claim 3, wherein: The anhydrous solvent includes at least one of the following: tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, benzene, toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and acetone.

5. The gel monomer according to claim 3, wherein: The temperature of the synthesis reaction is 25° C. to 100° C., and the time of the synthesis reaction is 2 h to 48 h.

6. The gel monomer according to claim 3, wherein: The molar ratio of the hydroxy vinyl ether monomer to the trimethyl borate is 3:10 to 3:

1.

7. The gel monomer according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein: The weight ratio of the anhydrous solvent to the mixture of the hydroxy vinyl ether monomer and trimethyl borate is 1:1 to 10:

1.

8. A gel electrolyte, the components of which include: An electrolyte, an initiating lithium salt and a gel monomer as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The gel electrolyte according to claim 8, wherein The weight content of the gel monomer is 1%-60%, and the weight content of the initiating lithium salt is 0.01%-1%.

10. A gel battery comprising the gel electrolyte according to claim 8 or 9.

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