Engineering surveying method and engineering target to be surveyed

Abstract

The present invention provides an engineering surveying method and an engineering target to be surveyed. The method is used for measuring spatial geometric parameters of a surveying point under measurement on said engineering target and comprises: acquiring spatial geometric parameters of a plurality of condition surveying points; establishing an overall geometric linear relationship on the basis of the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of condition surveying points; in addition, acquiring spatial geometric parameters of a plurality of verification surveying points different from the plurality of condition surveying points, and verifying the accuracy of the established overall geometric linear relationship on the basis of the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of verification surveying points; and on the basis of the verified overall geometric linear relationship, acquiring the spatial geometric parameters of the surveying point under measurement. According to the present invention, the overall linear relationship is calculated on the basis of the measurable local coordinate parameters, and then local parameters to be solved are calculated on the basis of the overall linear relationship. The method has a clear principle, is easy to operate, can be suitable for various engineering practice scenarios where direct surveying cannot be carried out, and has good application value and popularization significance.

Description

An engineering measurement method and engineering target to be measured Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of engineering measurement, and in particular relates to an engineering measurement method and an engineering target to be measured. Background Art

[0002] Engineering surveying is an important part of engineering construction. Accurate measurement results are required as a prerequisite for control and decision-making throughout the entire life cycle of survey and design, construction, operation and maintenance. Engineering surveying first requires calibrating measuring points at appropriate locations, and then setting up measuring instruments for data collection. However, in the actual measurement process, the layout of measuring points and measurement conditions often cannot reach the ideal state. There may be obstructions at the measured location, long measurement distances, and environmental factors that cause the measuring point position to be unable to maintain a stable state. The coordinate information of some key measuring points cannot be directly and accurately obtained, thus affecting construction accuracy and status assessment. At this stage, the above problems are mainly solved in the following two ways:

[0003] One approach is to improve the accuracy and feasibility of long-distance measurements by purchasing high-precision measuring instruments or developing new measurement systems. However, as the distance between measurement points increases, natural factors such as atmosphere, temperature, and lighting can amplify measurement errors, significantly increasing the procurement and system development costs of high-precision measuring instruments.

[0004] The second approach is to use machine learning and analytical methods such as mathematical morphology to estimate the location parameters of obstructed areas, or to convert the coordinates of the locations to be measured by deploying complex observation networks. However, these methods are complex, technically challenging, involve multiple implementation steps, and their actual accuracy is difficult to verify.

[0005] By summarizing the above measurement problems, it is believed that the main reason for the measurement error is that there are too many influencing factors and large interference in the direct measurement process, and the current measurement method cannot guarantee high measurement accuracy. If direct measurement can be avoided, the more accurate overall theoretical geometric relationship can be inferred through the coordinates of locally measurable measuring points, and then the theoretical geometric relationship is used to infer the parameters of the position to be measured, the difficulty of measurement technology can be reduced and the measurement accuracy can be improved.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides an engineering measurement method and an engineering target to be measured. By directly measuring measuring points that are convenient for observation, the overall geometric linear relationship between the measurable measuring points and the target measuring points to be measured is established based on this as a known condition, and the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring points to be measured are obtained by indirect calculation. This method has a clear principle, simple operation, and great application value and promotion significance.

[0008] A first aspect of the present invention provides an engineering surveying method for measuring spatial geometric parameters of a target measuring point on an engineering target, comprising the following steps: S1: acquiring spatial geometric parameters of a plurality of conditional measuring points; S2: establishing an overall geometric linear relationship based on the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points; S3: additionally acquiring spatial geometric parameters of a plurality of verification measuring points different from the plurality of conditional measuring points, and verifying the accuracy of the overall geometric linear relationship established in S2 based on the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of verification measuring points; and S4: acquiring the spatial geometric parameters of the target measuring point based on the overall geometric linear relationship verified in S3.

[0009] Optionally, the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points in step S1 are coordinate parameters of a spatial rectangular coordinate system of the plurality of conditional measuring points.

[0010] Optionally, establishing the overall geometric linear relationship based on the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points in step S2 specifically includes: using the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points as known boundary conditions, and establishing a theoretical calculation formula that is compatible with the overall geometric linear relationship; and the specific number of the plurality of conditional measuring points is not less than the minimum number of known parameters necessary to solve the overall geometric linear relationship.

[0011] Optionally, the number of the plurality of verification measurement points in step S3 is not less than three, and the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of verification measurement points are coordinate parameters of a spatial rectangular coordinate system of the plurality of verification measurement points.

[0012] Optionally, verifying the accuracy of the overall geometric linear relationship established in S2 based on the multiple verification measuring points in step S3 specifically includes: bringing the multiple verification measuring points into the overall geometric linear relationship established in S2 based on the spatial geometric parameters of the multiple conditional measuring points, and determining whether the geometric parameters of the multiple verification measuring points meet the error requirements.

[0013] Optionally, in step S4, obtaining the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring point to be measured based on the overall geometric linear relationship verified in S3 specifically includes: if the geometric parameters of the multiple verification measuring points in S3 meet the error requirements, obtaining the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring point to be measured through the overall geometric linear relationship; if the geometric parameters of the multiple verification measuring points in S3 do not meet the error requirements, analyzing and correcting the overall geometric linear relationship until the error limit requirements are met, and obtaining the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring point to be measured through the corrected overall geometric linear relationship.

[0014] Optionally, in step S3, verifying the accuracy of the overall geometric linear relationship established in S2 based on the plurality of verification measurement points specifically includes: calculating parameter errors of the plurality of verification measurement points, and the specific calculation formula is:

[0015] z 计算 =W(x)

[0016] |z 计算 -z 实测 |<ε

[0017] Where z 计算 To verify the calculated coordinate parameters of the measuring point, z 实测 is the measured coordinate parameter of the verification point, ε is the error limit, W(x) is the linear formula of the overall geometric linear relationship, and x is the position parameter of the verification point.

[0018] Optionally, the method of establishing the overall geometric linear relationship is selected according to the position of the measuring point to be measured on the engineering target to be measured in S4, specifically including: when the calibrated position of the measuring point to be measured is located at a position on the engineering target to be measured that can be directly observed, directly combining the geometric characteristics of the engineering target itself to establish the overall geometric linear relationship; when the calibrated position of the measuring point to be measured is located at a position on the engineering target to be measured that cannot be directly observed, setting an auxiliary measuring rod, forming a spatial position association between the measuring point to be measured and the measurable measuring point through the auxiliary measuring rod, and establishing the overall geometric linear relationship according to the geometric characteristics of the auxiliary measuring rod.

[0019] Optionally, the auxiliary measuring rod is a rigid part, and one or more of the measuring points to be measured, the verification measuring points and the conditional measuring points can be calibrated in advance on the auxiliary measuring rod; when measuring, the calibrated position of the measuring point to be measured on the auxiliary measuring rod is fixedly coincident with the actual position of the measuring point to be measured on the engineering target to be measured.

[0020] A second aspect of the present invention provides an engineering target to be measured, wherein there are measuring points to be measured on the engineering target to be measured, and the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring points to be measured are measured using an engineering measurement method, characterized in that: the engineering target to be measured is an engineering structure with an overall geometric linear relationship shape.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. Use conditional measuring points to determine the overall geometric linear relationship. The linear formula can accurately calculate the spatial position parameters of any measuring point on the overall geometric linear relationship.

[0023] 2. Introduce auxiliary measuring rods to extend the parameter relationship of measuring points that are inconvenient to observe to observable positions, and use indirect calculation methods to obtain the accurate coordinate parameters of the measuring points to be measured.

[0024] 3. By verifying the overall geometric linear relationship through verification of the measuring points, the accuracy of the overall geometric linear relationship can be ensured.

[0025] Additional advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description and will in part become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned by practice of the present invention. The objects and other advantages of the present invention may be realized and attained by the structures and method steps particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof as well as in the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Those skilled in the art will understand that the purposes and advantages that can be achieved by the present invention are not limited to the above specific descriptions, and the above and other purposes that can be achieved by the present invention will be more clearly understood based on the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0028] FIG1 is a technical roadmap of an engineering measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the line shape of the cable to be measured in the engineering measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] 3 is a schematic diagram of the elevation of the formwork to be measured in the engineering measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] 4 is a schematic diagram of the elevation of the arch ring to be measured in the engineering measurement method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary measuring rod in an engineering surveying method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure numerals: 1 - measuring point to be measured; 2 - verification measuring point; 3 - conditional measuring point; 4 - auxiliary measuring rod; 5 - cable to be measured; 6 - concrete pouring formwork; 7 - pouring concrete; 8 - main arch ring; 9 - arch column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention due to unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solutions according to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0035] It should be emphasized that the term "include / comprises" when used herein refers to the existence of features, elements, steps or components, but does not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps or components.

[0036] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail and clearly below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] One embodiment of the present invention provides an engineering surveying method for measuring the spatial geometric parameters of a measuring point to be measured on an engineering target to be measured, comprising the following steps: S1: obtaining the spatial geometric parameters of a plurality of conditional measuring points; S2: establishing an overall geometric linear relationship based on the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points; S3: additionally obtaining the spatial geometric parameters of a plurality of verification measuring points different from the conditional measuring points, and verifying the accuracy of the overall geometric linear relationship established in S2 based on the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of verification measuring points; S4: obtaining the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring point to be measured based on the overall geometric linear relationship verified in S3. As can be seen from FIG1 of the specification, the conditional measuring points in the present invention are local parameters that are known and measurable, and can be obtained directly from the engineering target to be measured or from an additional auxiliary measuring rod. At the same time, the obtained conditional measuring points need to meet the determination conditions in the overall geometric linear relationship and the accuracy conditions during the specific measurement.

[0038] Optionally, the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points in step S1 are coordinate parameters of a spatial rectangular coordinate system of the plurality of conditional measuring points.

[0039] Optionally, establishing the overall geometric linear relationship based on the spatial geometric parameters of a plurality of conditional measuring points in step S2 specifically includes: taking the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points as known boundary conditions, and establishing a theoretical calculation formula that is compatible with the overall geometric linear relationship; and the specific number of the plurality of conditional measuring points is not less than the minimum number of known parameters required to solve the overall geometric linear relationship.

[0040] Optionally, the number of the plurality of verification measuring points in step S3 is not less than three, and the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of verification measuring points are coordinate parameters of a spatial rectangular coordinate system of the plurality of verification measuring points.

[0041] Optionally, in step S3, verifying the accuracy of the overall geometric linear relationship established in S2 based on several verification measuring points specifically includes: bringing several verification measuring points into the overall geometric linear relationship established in S2 based on the spatial geometric parameters of several conditional measuring points, and judging whether the geometric parameters of the several verification measuring points meet the error requirements.

[0042] Optionally, in step S4, obtaining the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring point to be measured based on the overall geometric linear relationship verified in S3 specifically includes: if the geometric parameters of several verified measuring points in S3 meet the error requirements, obtaining the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring point to be measured through the overall geometric linear relationship; if the geometric parameters of several verified measuring points in S3 do not meet the error requirements, analyzing and correcting the overall geometric linear relationship until the error limit requirements are met, and obtaining the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring point to be measured through the corrected overall geometric linear relationship.

[0043] Optionally, in step S3, verifying the accuracy of the overall geometric linear relationship established in S2 based on a plurality of verification measurement points specifically includes: calculating parameter errors of the plurality of verification measurement points, and the specific calculation formula is:

[0044] z 计算 =W(x) ①

[0045] |z 计算 -z 实测 |<ε ②

[0046] Where z 计算 To verify the calculated coordinate parameters of the measuring point, z 实测 is the measured coordinate parameter of the verification point, ε is the error limit, W(x) is the linear formula of the overall geometric linear relationship, and x is the position parameter of the verification point.

[0047] Optionally, a method for establishing the overall geometric linear relationship is selected according to the position of the measuring point to be measured on the engineering target to be measured in S4, specifically including: when the calibrated position of the measuring point to be measured is located at a position on the engineering target to be measured that can be directly observed, the overall geometric linear relationship is established directly in combination with the geometric characteristics of the engineering target itself; when the calibrated position of the measuring point to be measured is located at a position on the engineering target to be measured that cannot be directly observed, an auxiliary measuring rod is set, and the measuring point to be measured is spatially associated with the measurable measuring point through the auxiliary measuring rod, and the overall geometric linear relationship is established according to the geometric characteristics of the auxiliary measuring rod.

[0048] Optionally, the auxiliary measuring rod is a rigid part, and one or more of the measuring points to be measured, the verification measuring points and the conditional measuring points can be calibrated in advance on the auxiliary measuring rod; when measuring, the calibrated position of the measuring point to be measured on the auxiliary measuring rod is coincident and fixed with the actual position of the measuring point to be measured on the engineering target to be measured.

[0049] Another embodiment of the present invention provides an engineering target to be measured, wherein there are measuring points to be measured on the engineering target to be measured, and the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring points to be measured are measured using an engineering measurement method. The characteristic is that the engineering target to be measured is an engineering structure with an overall geometric linear relationship shape.

[0050] The following describes the specific implementation of the present invention in conjunction with specific application scenarios:

[0051] Implementation method 1:

[0052] As shown in FIG2 , during the installation of the main cable of a large-span cable structure, extremely high requirements are placed on its linear control accuracy. Generally, the mid-span elevation of the cable 5 to be measured is used as the control benchmark. However, since cable structures generally have large spans and long measurement distances, and are easily affected by wind, causing vibrations at the measuring point, which significantly affects the measurement accuracy, the engineering measurement method provided in an embodiment of the present invention is used, with the cable elevation as the engineering target to be measured:

[0053] First, calibrate the conditional measuring point 3 at the top of the tower and a position near the tower end that is easy to observe, and set up a prism to measure the coordinates to obtain the corresponding coordinates (x0, y0, z0), (x1, y1, z1), and (x2, y2, z2). Substitute them into formula ③ to solve the correlation coefficient. In application, we generally only care about the relationship between the span position x and the elevation z.

[0054] Where a represents the catenary coefficient, B and C represent integral constants related to the boundary conditions. Formula ③ is only used for overall geometric linear relationships that are close to the catenary line shape. When the linear verification deviation exceeds the limit, other linear formulas with smaller errors should be used instead.

[0055] Select any verification point 2 near the tower end and measure the coordinates to (x3, y3, z3). Substitute x3 into formula ③ to obtain the calculated value z 3计算 , if |z 3计算 -z3| is less than the error limit, it means that the derived formula meets the engineering requirements. 3计算 If -z3| is greater than the error limit, the measured coordinate accuracy and linear formula need to be analyzed and corrected until the error requirements of formula ② are met.

[0056] Finally, according to the needs of engineering control, the elevation of any position along the main cable span can be calculated using formula ③.

[0057] Implementation 2:

[0058] As shown in Figures 3 and 5, the formwork elevation detection of cast-in-place concrete structures is a key step in ensuring the structural alignment. The formwork base is located below and is often blocked, making direct measurement impossible. The present invention is used to measure the formwork elevation:

[0059] First, calibrate the measuring point 1 to be measured, the verification measuring point 2, and the conditional measuring point 3 on the auxiliary measuring rod 4. The calibration positions of the verification measuring point 2 and the conditional measuring point 3 are located above the plane of the cast-in-place structure. Align the calibration position of the measuring point 1 to be measured on the auxiliary measuring rod 4 with the upper edge of the template bottom plate. Then, fix the auxiliary measuring rod 4 and keep it stationary. Set up a prism to perform coordinate measurement. In this embodiment, a linear measuring rod is selected for illustration. Obtain the coordinates (x0, y0, z0) and (x1, y1, z1) of the conditional measuring point 3 and substitute them into formula ④ to solve the correlation coefficient. When applied, the formula generally only focuses on the relationship between the lateral position x and the elevation z.

[0060] z=bx+c ④

[0061] Where b represents the slope and c represents the intercept. Formula ④ is only used for the overall geometric linear relationship of a straight line. When the linear verification deviation exceeds the limit, other linear formulas with smaller errors should be used instead.

[0062] The measured coordinates of measurement point 2 are (x2, y2, z2). Substitute x2 into formula ④ to obtain the calculated value z. 2计算 , if |z 2计算 -z2| is less than the error limit, it means that the derived formula meets the engineering requirements. 2计算 If -z2| is greater than the error limit, the measured coordinate accuracy and linear formula need to be analyzed and corrected until the error requirements of formula ② are met.

[0063] Finally, according to the needs of engineering control, the horizontal coordinate x3 of the measuring point 1 to be measured can be calculated using formula ⑤, and the obtained x3 can be substituted into formula ④ to calculate the elevation z3 of the measuring point 1 to be measured.

[0064] In formula ⑤, x3 is the horizontal coordinate of the measuring point 1 to be measured, x1 is the horizontal coordinate of the conditional measuring point 3 No. 1, x0 is the horizontal coordinate of the conditional measuring point 3 No. 0, L 01 Indicates the straight-line distance between point zero and point one, L 13 Indicates the straight-line distance between point 1 and the measured point 1.

[0065] Implementation 3:

[0066] Preferably, based on Examples 1 and 3, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG4 and FIG5 , it is necessary to observe the linear shape of the main arch ring 8. However, when the water level rises during the flood season and covers part of the main arch ring 8, or when some measuring points of interest cannot be exposed for direct observation due to the silt deposited over the years, the present invention is used to measure the linear elevation of the arch ring:

[0067] First, calibrate the measuring point 1 to be measured, the verification measuring point 2, and the conditional measuring point 3 on the auxiliary measuring rod 4. The calibration positions of the verification measuring point 2 and the conditional measuring point 3 must be located above the plane of the obstruction. The calibration position of the measuring point 1 to be measured on the auxiliary measuring rod 4 is made to coincide with the position to be measured on the main arch ring 8. Then, the auxiliary measuring rod 4 is fixed and stationary, and a prism is set up for coordinate measurement. In this embodiment, a linear measuring rod is selected for illustration. The coordinates (x0, y0, z0) and (x1, y1, z1) of the conditional measuring point 3 are obtained and substituted into formula ④ to solve the correlation coefficients b and c. When applied, the formula generally only focuses on the relationship between the lateral position x and the elevation z.

[0068] The measured coordinates of measurement point 2 are (x2, y2, z2). Substitute x2 into formula ③ to obtain the calculated value z. 2计算 , if |z 2计算 -z2| is less than the error limit, it means that the derived formula meets the engineering requirements. 2计算 If -z2| is greater than the error limit, the measured coordinate accuracy and formula need to be analyzed and corrected until the error requirements between the calculated parameters and the measured parameters are met.

[0069] Finally, according to the needs of engineering control, the horizontal coordinate x3 of the measuring point 1 to be measured can be calculated using formula ⑤, and the obtained x3 can be substituted into formula ④ to calculate the elevation z3 of the measuring point 1 to be measured.

[0070] This invention indirectly measures the spatial position parameters of the target engineering object based on its geometric parameters, ensuring measurement accuracy while reducing technical difficulty and construction costs. Furthermore, the invention incorporates auxiliary rods to reduce the difficulty of observing the target engineering object, resolving the issue of directly obtaining the spatial position parameters of the target engineering object in complex environments. This approach offers significant potential for engineering technology promotion.

[0071] It should be understood that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations to the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An engineering measurement method for measuring the spatial geometric parameters of a measuring point on an engineering target to be measured, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Obtain the spatial geometric parameters of several conditional measuring points; S2: establishing an overall geometric linear relationship based on the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points; S3: additionally obtaining spatial geometric parameters of a plurality of verification measuring points different from the plurality of conditional measuring points, and verifying the accuracy of the overall geometric linear relationship established in S2 based on the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of verification measuring points; S4: Based on the overall geometric linear relationship verified by S3, the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring point to be measured are obtained.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points in step S1 are coordinate parameters of the spatial rectangular coordinate system of the plurality of conditional measuring points.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step S2 of establishing the overall geometric linear relationship based on the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points specifically includes: Taking the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points as known boundary conditions, a theoretical calculation formula adapted to the overall geometric linear relationship is established; The specific number of the plurality of conditional measuring points is not less than the minimum number of known parameters necessary to solve the overall geometric linear relationship.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the verification measurement points in step S3 is not less than three, and the spatial geometric parameters of the verification measurement points are the spatial rectangular coordinate system coordinate parameters of the verification measurement points.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: In step S3, verifying the accuracy of the overall geometric linear relationship established in step S2 based on the plurality of verification measurement points specifically includes: A plurality of verification measuring points are brought into the overall geometric linear relationship established based on the spatial geometric parameters of the plurality of conditional measuring points in S2, and it is determined whether the geometric parameters of the plurality of verification measuring points meet the error requirements.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that In step S4, based on the overall geometric linear relationship verified in step S3, obtaining the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring point to be measured specifically includes: If the geometric parameters of the plurality of verification measurement points in S3 meet the error requirements, then the spatial geometric parameters of the measurement points to be measured are obtained through the overall geometric linear relationship; If the geometric parameters of the plurality of verification measurement points in S3 do not meet the error requirements, the overall geometric linear relationship is analyzed and corrected until the error limit requirements are met, and the corrected overall geometric linear relationship is used to obtain The spatial geometric parameters of the measuring points to be measured.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The step S3 of verifying the accuracy of the overall geometric linear relationship established in S2 based on the plurality of verification measurement points specifically includes: Calculate the parameter errors of the several verification measurement points, the specific calculation formula is: z 计算 =W(x) |from 计算 -With 实测 |<ε In the formula, z 计算 To verify the calculated coordinate parameters of the measuring point, z 实测 is the measured coordinate parameter of the verification point, ε is the error limit, W(x) is the linear formula of the overall geometric linear relationship, and x is the position parameter of the verification point.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of establishing the overall geometric linear relationship is selected according to the position of the to-be-measured measuring point on the to-be-measured engineering target in S4, specifically including: When the calibrated position of the to-be-measured measuring point is located at a position on the to-be-measured engineering target that can be directly observed, the overall geometric linear relationship is established by directly combining the geometric features of the engineering target itself; When the calibrated position of the measuring point to be measured is located at a position on the engineering target to be measured that cannot be directly observed, an auxiliary measuring rod is set, and the measuring point to be measured is spatially associated with the measurable measuring point through the auxiliary measuring rod, and an overall geometric linear relationship is established according to the geometric characteristics of the auxiliary measuring rod.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The auxiliary measuring rod is a rigid part, and one or more of the measuring points to be measured, the verification measuring points and the conditional measuring points can be calibrated in advance on the auxiliary measuring rod; When measuring, the calibrated position of the measuring point to be measured on the auxiliary measuring rod is fixedly coincident with the actual position of the measuring point to be measured on the engineering target to be measured.

10. An engineering target to be measured, wherein there are measuring points to be measured on the engineering target to be measured, and the spatial geometric parameters of the measuring points to be measured are measured using the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The engineering target to be measured is an engineering structure having an overall geometric linear relationship shape.

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