Antenna module having phase delay

Abstract

This antenna module comprises: a dielectric substrate; a plurality of antenna elements disposed in one axial direction on one surface of the dielectric substrate, the plurality of antenna elements including first and second antenna elements facing each other; and a stub pattern disposed so as to connect, in the one axial direction, the facing sides of the first and second antenna elements. The stub pattern may comprise: a horizontal stub pattern; and vertical stub patterns that extend perpendicularly in another axial direction from different points of the horizontal stub pattern.

Description

Antenna module with phase delay

[0001] The present specification relates to an antenna module having a phase delay. A specific implementation relates to an antenna module having an array antenna structure capable of beamforming with a phase delay.

[0002] Phased array antennas can adjust beam steering direction by electronically controlling the phase of radio waves on a per-element basis. This element-by-element phase control is typically implemented using phase shifters at the radio frequency (RF) level. These phase shifters increase the weight, size, and cost of the phased array antenna.

[0003] Meanwhile, a series-fed array antenna can be applied to implement an array antenna within a limited area. A series-fed array antenna is designed by arranging radiators connected in series along a transmission line at intervals of wavelength (λg) within the tube to generate an in-phase current distribution. This allows for high radiation gain in the forward direction of the array antenna, but limits beam steering to a single axis during beam scanning.

[0004] The present specification provides an array antenna capable of two-dimensional beam steering by applying a slow-wave structure and a liquid crystal medium.

[0005] This specification is for actively controlling the signal transmission phase by changing the parameters of a phase delay circuit in a series-fed array antenna.

[0006] The present specification provides an array antenna with reduced feed loss in the millimeter wave band.

[0007] This specification is intended to improve wireless communication performance in frequency bands higher than millimeter wave bands by forming a directional beam in a desired direction.

[0008] To achieve the above or other purposes, an antenna module according to an embodiment includes a dielectric substrate; a plurality of antenna elements arranged in a uniaxial direction on one surface of the dielectric substrate, the plurality of antenna elements including a first antenna element and a second antenna element arranged to face each other; and a stub pattern configured to connect mutually facing side surfaces of the first antenna element and the second antenna element in the uniaxial direction.

[0009] According to an embodiment, the stub pattern may include a horizontal stub pattern formed to connect the facing sides of the first antenna element and the second antenna element in the one-axis direction; and vertical stub patterns formed to extend in the other-axis direction perpendicular to the horizontal stub pattern at different points on the horizontal stub pattern.

[0010] According to an embodiment, the antenna module may further include a feeding line connected to one side of an outermost element among the plurality of antenna elements and formed so that an RF signal is applied to the outermost element. The RF signal applied through the feeding line may be transmitted to the second antenna element through the first antenna element and the stub pattern.

[0011] According to an embodiment, the vertical stub patterns may include a first sub-pattern formed with a first length in at least one direction of an upper or lower direction on the other axis at a first point of the horizontal stub pattern; and a second sub-pattern formed with a second length parallel to the first sub-pattern at a second point of the horizontal stub pattern. The first sub-pattern may be arranged adjacent to the first antenna element, and the second sub-pattern may be arranged adjacent to the second antenna element.

[0012] The technical effects of an antenna module having such a phase delay are as follows.

[0013] According to an embodiment, two-dimensional beam-steering of an array antenna is possible by applying a slow-wave structure and a liquid crystal medium to a series-fed array antenna design.

[0014] According to an embodiment, a phase shift circuit based on a slow propagation structure is implemented in a series-fed array antenna, a liquid crystal layer is used, and a signal transmission phase can be actively controlled by changing the parameters of the phase delay circuit.

[0015] According to an embodiment, the feed lines between antenna elements can be implemented as a serial feed structure with a slow-wave structure to reduce the feed loss in the millimeter wave band.

[0016] According to an embodiment, a one-dimensional array antenna structure having serial feed lines can be used to form a directional beam in a desired direction along one axis, thereby improving wireless communication performance in a frequency band higher than the millimeter wave band.

[0017] Further scope of the applicability of this specification will become apparent from the detailed description below. However, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of this specification will be apparent to those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, such as preferred embodiments, are given by way of example only.

[0018] FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of an array antenna module including a plurality of elements according to the present specification.

[0019] Figure 2 shows a structure implemented with a reflective RIS and a transparent RIS according to the present specification.

[0020] Figure 3 is an enlarged drawing of an array antenna in which multiple antenna elements are arranged in a uniaxial direction and a feeding structure connecting adjacent antenna elements.

[0021] Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of the antenna module of Fig. 3.

[0022] FIGS. 5A to 5C illustrate power supply structures including vertical stub patterns according to embodiments.

[0023] Figure 6 shows slow-wave structures according to embodiments.

[0024] Figure 7 shows the propagation delay coefficient according to the impedance ratio in the slow-wave structure according to the present specification.

[0025] Figures 8a to 8c show the phase delay characteristics of the feed structure as the dielectric constant and the length of the longest vertical stub pattern are changed according to embodiments.

[0026] Figure 9 shows an equivalent circuit of a power supply structure including adjacent stub patterns of Figures 6a to 6c.

[0027] FIG. 10 shows 3D radiation patterns when the length of the fourth vertical stub pattern in the antenna module of FIG. 3 is changed.

[0028] FIG. 11 shows 2D radiation patterns when the length of the fourth vertical stub pattern in the antenna module of FIG. 3 is changed.

[0029] Figure 12 shows 2D radiation patterns according to changes in the spacing between adjacent antenna elements in the antenna module of Figure 3.

[0030] Hereinafter, an antenna module having a phase delay according to the present specification will be described.

[0031] In this regard, a module including a plurality of elements according to the present specification may be referred to as a phase delay array antenna module. The antenna module may be configured to include a plurality of radiators and a phase delay element capable of implementing phase delay. The phase delay element may be implemented as a feed structure of a specific structure without separate electronic components such as a phase shifter.

[0032] The array antenna module can be configured to support 6G wireless communication services. In this regard, the array antenna module can be configured to operate in the millimeter wave band or the 10 GHz band. The array antenna module can be applied to mobile communication antennas, vehicle antennas, or satellite communication antennas.

[0033] 6G wireless communication services aren't limited to electronic devices like mobile terminals or video display devices. They can also be applied to fully autonomous vehicles, artificial intelligence (AI) robots, and electronic devices supporting the augmented and virtual reality (AR / VR)-based metaverse.

[0034] FIG. 1 illustrates the structure of an array antenna module, which is a module including a plurality of elements according to the present specification. Referring to FIG. 1, the array antenna module (1000) may be configured as an array antenna (1100) including a plurality of elements (1100-1 to 1100-8). The number of the plurality of elements is not limited to eight and may vary depending on the application.

[0035] The antenna module (1000) may be configured as a one-dimensional array antenna in which a plurality of elements are arranged in one axial direction. As another example, the antenna module (1000) may be configured as a two-dimensional array antenna in which a plurality of elements are arranged in one axial direction and another axial direction perpendicular thereto.

[0036] The spacing (G1) between the plurality of elements (1100-1 to 1100-8) can be implemented as a numerical value related to a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency. Each of the plurality of elements (1100-1 to 1100-8) can be operably coupled to a phase delay element (1150-1 to 1150-8). The phase delay elements (1150-1 to 1150-8) can be formed as a feed structure having a phase delay. The phase delay elements (1150-1 to 1150-8) can be formed as a feed structure connecting adjacent antenna elements.

[0037] A transmission line (1200) connected to a plurality of elements (1100-1 to 1100-8) may be implemented as a waveguide, a microstrip line, a strip line, or a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). Each of the plurality of elements (1100-1 to 1100-8) may be independently controlled to be turned on / off. Each of the plurality of elements (1100-1 to 1100-8) may be independently controlled to be turned on / off to adjust the beam forming direction of the antenna module (1000).

[0038] As the plurality of elements (1100-1 to 1100-8) are independently turned on / off, the phase of the signal applied to the plurality of elements (1100-1 to 1100-8) can be varied as illustrated in the transmission line (1200) of FIG. 1. As the interval between the on / off operations among the plurality of elements (1100-1 to 1100-8) decreases, the phase difference between adjacent elements increases. Accordingly, as the interval between the on / off operations among the plurality of elements (1100-1 to 1100-8) decreases, the beamforming angle increases.

[0039] Meanwhile, an antenna module comprising a plurality of antenna elements according to the present specification may be capable of phase adjustment when combined with a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). In this regard, FIG. 2 illustrates a structure implemented with a reflective RIS and a transmissive RIS according to the present specification.

[0040] Referring to FIG. 2(a), the antenna module (1000) may be configured to include a reflective RIS (1000a) and at least one external antenna (1300). A wireless signal radiated from the external antenna (1300) may be configured to be reflected by the reflective RIS (1000a). The beamforming angle of the wireless signal may be varied by independently varying the on / off state of each element constituting the reflective RIS (1000a).

[0041] Referring to FIG. 2(b), the antenna module (1000) may be configured to include a transitive RIS (1000b) and at least one external antenna (1300). A wireless signal radiated from the external antenna (1300) may be configured to pass through the transitive RIS (1000b). The beamforming angle of the wireless signal may be varied by independently varying the on / off state of each element constituting the transitive RIS (1000b).

[0042] Hereinafter, an antenna module having a phase delay according to the present specification will be described. Specifically, FIG. 3 is an enlarged drawing of an array antenna in which a plurality of antenna elements are arranged in a uniaxial direction and a feeding structure connecting adjacent antenna elements. FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a portion of the antenna module of FIG. 3.

[0043] Referring to FIG. 3, the antenna module (1000) may include a dielectric substrate (1010), a plurality of antenna elements, and a stub pattern (1100f). The stub pattern (1100f) may be configured to feed the plurality of antenna elements. Accordingly, the stub pattern (1100f) may be referred to as a feed pattern or a feed structure. In this regard, a method in which adjacent antenna elements are fed so as to be interconnected may be referred to as a series-fed antenna array.

[0044] Meanwhile, a series-fed array antenna can be designed by sequentially arranging radiating elements along the direction in which the RF signal propagates along the transmission line. Adjacent radiating elements are arranged at intervals of the tube wavelength (λg) considering the effective permittivity of the transmission line, and are designed so that a phase current distribution is generated in all array elements. Therefore, a strong electromagnetic wave can be radiated in the normal direction of the series-fed array antenna. Meanwhile, in a typical series-fed array antenna, beam steering / forming is impossible because the radiating elements are designed by calculating the interval as λg. When the radiation characteristics are changed by changing the interval between the array elements, it may not be easy to change the characteristics because the length of the transmission line connected between the elements is short (< λg / 2).

[0045] Therefore, a design technique can be proposed that can generate various radiation pattern directivities by applying a slow-wave structure to the design of a series-fed array antenna, as shown in Fig. 3. At this time, the number of slow-wave structures (N-1) less than the number of antenna arrays (N) can be applied. By arranging the slow-wave structure between each array antenna, the phase constant (φ) transmitted to each array element can be changed, thereby operating as a circuit that varies the array factor of the series-fed array antenna.

[0046] This specification proposes an antenna design method that can diversify the radiation pattern directivity of an array antenna by utilizing a slow-wave structure. Accordingly, the feed structure of the slow-wave structure according to this specification can adjust the spacing between elements of the array antenna, adjust the beam steering angle, vary the beam width, and / or improve the beam squint.

[0047] Meanwhile, referring to FIG. 4, a phase constant can be adjusted using a liquid crystal layer (1020) having a variable dielectric constant. In this regard, a liquid crystal layer (1020) can be arranged in a lower region in the Z-axis direction of a plurality of feed structures (1110f to 1140f) arranged on a front surface of a dielectric substrate (1010). A plurality of feed structures (1110f to 1140f) and a plurality of antenna elements (1110 to 1140) can be arranged on the front surface of the dielectric substrate (1010). A ground layer can be arranged on a rear surface of the dielectric substrate (1010). A liquid crystal layer (1020) can be arranged in a lower region of the first feed structure (1110f) to the fourth feed structure (1140f).

[0048] As the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer (1020) in the lower region of the first feed structure (1110f) to the fourth feed structure (1140f) changes, the effective permittivity of the feed structures (1110f to 1140f) formed may change. Accordingly, the electrical length of the feed structures (1110f to 1140f) in the Y-axis direction may be varied. Accordingly, the phase difference between the antenna elements (1110 to 1140) between the feed structures (1110f to 1140f) may be varied, thereby changing the directionality angle of the antenna beam.

[0049] Referring to FIG. 4(a), the thickness of the liquid crystal layer (1020) may be formed to be the same as the first thickness (t1) of the dielectric layer (1010). Referring to FIG. 4(b), the thickness of the liquid crystal layer (1020) may be formed to be a second thickness (t2) that is smaller than the first thickness (t1) of the dielectric layer (1010).

[0050] Meanwhile, a plurality of antenna elements may be arranged in a uniaxial direction to form an array antenna (1100). The plurality of antenna elements may be arranged in a uniaxial direction on one surface of a dielectric substrate (1010). A ground plane may be formed on the other surface of the dielectric substrate (1010), thereby providing a ground for the plurality of antenna elements (1110 to 1180).

[0051] The plurality of antenna elements may include a first antenna element (1110) and a second antenna element (1120) arranged to face each other. The array antenna (1100) may include four, six, eight, ten, twelve, fourteen, or sixteen plurality of antenna elements. For example, the array antenna (1100) may be configured to include the first antenna element (1110) to the eighth antenna element (1180).

[0052] The stub pattern (1100f) may be configured to connect the facing sides of the first antenna element (1110) and the second antenna element (1120) in a uniaxial direction. In an array antenna having a plurality of antenna elements, the stub pattern (1100f) may be configured to include a plurality of stub patterns.

[0053] In a 1x4 array antenna, the stub pattern (1100f) may be configured to include a first stub pattern (1110f) to a third stub pattern (1130f). The first stub pattern (1110f) to the third stub pattern (1130f) may be referred to as a first feed structure to a fourth feed structure, respectively. The first stub pattern (1110f) may be arranged to connect the other end of the first antenna element (1110) to one end of the second antenna element (1120). The second stub pattern (1120f) may be arranged to connect the other end of the second antenna element (1120) to one end of the third antenna element (1130). A third stub pattern (1130f) may be arranged to connect the other end of the third antenna element (1130) and one end of the fourth antenna element (1140).

[0054] In a 1x8 array antenna, the stub pattern (1100f) may be configured to include the first stub pattern (1110f) to the third stub pattern (1130f) and the fourth stub pattern (1140f) to the seventh stub pattern (1170f) described above. The first stub pattern (1110f) to the seventh stub pattern (1170f) may be referred to as the first feed structure to the seventh feed structure, respectively. A detailed description of the first stub pattern (1110f) to the third stub pattern (1130f) is omitted as it has been described in the above paragraph. The fourth stub pattern (1140f) may be arranged to connect the other end of the fourth antenna element (1140) to one end of the fifth antenna element (1150). A fifth stub pattern (1150f) may be arranged to connect the other end of the fifth antenna element (1150) and one end of the sixth antenna element (1160). A sixth stub pattern (1160f) may be arranged to connect the other end of the sixth antenna element (1160) and one end of the seventh antenna element (1170). A seventh stub pattern (1170f) may be arranged to connect the other end of the seventh antenna element (1170) and one end of the eighth antenna element (1180).

[0055] The stub pattern (1100f) may include a horizontal stub pattern (HST) formed in one axial direction and a vertical stub pattern (VST) formed in another axial direction perpendicular to the one axial direction.

[0056] The horizontal stub pattern (HST) may be formed to connect the opposing sides of the first antenna element (1110) and the second antenna element (1120) in one axial direction. The vertical stub pattern (VST) may be formed to extend perpendicularly to the horizontal stub pattern (HST) in the other axial direction at different points on the horizontal stub pattern (HST).

[0057] The antenna module (1000) may further include a feeding line (FL). The antenna module (1000) may further include a signal connection line (SCL). The feeding line (FL) may be connected to one side of an outermost element (1110) among a plurality of antenna elements, and may be formed such that an RF signal is applied to the outermost element (1110).

[0058] A signal connection line (SCL) may be formed to be connected to the other side of an outermost element (1180) among a plurality of antenna elements, and to apply a DC voltage to the outermost element (1180). The outermost element (1110) to which the feed line (FL) is connected corresponds to a first antenna element arranged in the rightmost region. The outermost element (1180) to which the signal connection line (SCL) is connected corresponds to an eighth antenna element arranged in the rightmost region. An RF signal applied through the feed line (FL) may be transmitted to a second antenna element (1120) through the first antenna element (1110) and the stub pattern (1100f).

[0059] As described above, the stub pattern (1100f) may include a first stub pattern (1110f) formed between the first and second antenna elements (1110, 1120) and a seventh stub pattern (1170f) formed between the seventh and eighth antenna elements (1170, 1180). Each of the first stub pattern (1110f) to the seventh stub pattern (1170f) may be implemented to include a horizontal stub pattern (HST) and a vertical stub pattern (VST).

[0060] Meanwhile, in the antenna module having a phase delay according to the present specification, the feeding structures can be implemented as a plurality of stub patterns. By applying the slow-wave structure proposed in the present specification to the design of a series-fed array antenna, the phase of the signal applied to the array elements can be controlled while maintaining the spacing between the array antenna elements. By using A, not only can the beam-shift shape be improved, but the array antenna can be designed to steer in a specific direction. In addition, by setting the aperture size of the array antenna differently, the beam width can be varied, and beam-steering and forming performance, which is difficult to design with a conventional series-fed array antenna, can be implemented.

[0061] In this regard, FIGS. 5A to 5C illustrate power supply structures including vertical stub patterns according to embodiments. Referring to FIGS. 5A to 5C, various design configurations of the slow-propagating structure proposed in the present specification are illustrated.

[0062] Meanwhile, a slow propagation structure can be implemented by multiple vertical stub patterns (VSTs) having multiple stages. As the number of stages increases, the phase delay effect of the feeding structures improves. Furthermore, the phase delay effect of the wideband feeding structures improves as the structure becomes more symmetrical between one side and the other side. Furthermore, the phase delay effect of the feeding structures improves in the uniform type compared to the gradual type, where the length of the stub patterns increases. Furthermore, the phase delay effect of the feeding structures improves as the length of the stub patterns increases. Meanwhile, the impedance matching characteristic of the gradual type is improved compared to the uniform type in a wideband frequency.

[0063] A vertical stub pattern (VST) may be formed of a plurality of sub-patterns. Referring to FIGS. 3 and 5A, the vertical stub pattern (VST) may be configured to include a first sub-pattern (VST1) and a second sub-pattern (VST2). The first sub-pattern (VST1) may be formed with a first length (Lsa1, Lsb1, Ls1) in at least one of an upper or lower direction on the other axis from a first point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST). In this regard, the upper direction on the other axis may correspond to the upper direction of the Y-axis. The lower direction on the other axis may correspond to the lower direction of the Y-axis.

[0064] The second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed with a second length (Lsa2, Lsb2, Ls2) parallel to the first sub-pattern (VST1) at a second point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST). The second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed with a second length (Lsa2, Lsb2, Ls2) in at least one direction among an upper or lower direction on the other axis at the second point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST). In this regard, the upper direction on the other axis may correspond to the upper direction of the Y-axis. The lower direction on the other axis may correspond to the lower direction of the Y-axis.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 5a(a), the vertical stub pattern (VST) can be formed only in one of the upper or lower directions on the other axis. Therefore, the vertical stub pattern (VST) can be implemented with an asymmetric structure. In this regard, the first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2) can be formed only in one of the upper or lower directions on the other axis. The second length (Lsa2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) can be formed to be longer than the first length (Lsa1) of the first sub-pattern (VST1).

[0066] Meanwhile, the vertical stub pattern (VST) may also be implemented with a symmetrical structure. Referring to FIG. 5a(b), the first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed in the upper and lower directions on the other axis. In this regard, the second length (Lsb2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed to be longer than the first length (Lsb1) of the first sub-pattern (VST1).

[0067] Referring to FIG. 5a(c), a first sub-pattern (VST1) and a second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed in upper and lower directions on the other axis. In this regard, a second length (Ls2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed to be identical to a first length (Ls1) of the first sub-pattern (VST1).

[0068] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 5B, the vertical stub pattern (VST) may be configured to include a first sub-pattern (VST1), a second sub-pattern (VST2), and a third sub-pattern (VST3). The first sub-pattern (VST1) may be formed with a first length (Lsa1, Lsb1, Ls1) in at least one direction of an upper or lower direction on the other axis at a first point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST). The second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed with a second length (Lsa2, Lsb2, Ls2) parallel to the first sub-pattern (VST1) at a second point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST). The third sub-pattern (VST3) may be formed with a third length (Lsa3, Lsb3, Ls3) parallel to the first and second sub-patterns (VST1, VST2) at a third point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST). The third length (Lsa3, Lsb3, Ls3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3) may be formed to be longer than or equal to the second length (Lsa2, Lsb2, Ls2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2).

[0069] Referring to FIG. 5b(a), the vertical stub pattern (VST) can be formed in only one of the upper or lower directions on the other axis. Therefore, the vertical stub pattern (VST) can be implemented with an asymmetrical structure. In this regard, the first sub-pattern (VST1), the second sub-pattern (VST2), and the third sub-pattern (VST3) can be formed in only one of the upper or lower directions on the other axis. The second length (Lsa2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) can be formed to be longer than the first length (Lsa1) of the first sub-pattern (VST1). The third length (Lsa3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3) can be formed to be longer than the second length (Lsa2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2).

[0070] Meanwhile, the vertical stub pattern (VST) may be implemented as a symmetric structure. Referring to FIG. 5b(b), a first sub-pattern (VST1), a second sub-pattern (VST2), and a third sub-pattern (VST3) may be formed in upper and lower directions on the other axis. In this regard, a second length (Lsb2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed to be longer than a first length (Lsb1) of the first sub-pattern (VST1). A third length (Lsb3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3) may be formed to be longer than a second length (Lsb2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2).

[0071] Referring to FIG. 5b(c), a first sub-pattern (VST1), a second sub-pattern (VST2), and a third sub-pattern (VST3) may be formed in upper and lower directions on the other axis. In this regard, a second length (Ls2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed to be identical to the first length (Ls1) of the first sub-pattern (VST1). A third length (Ls3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3) may be formed to be identical to the second length (Ls2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2).

[0072] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 5C, the vertical stub pattern (VST) may be configured to include a first sub-pattern (VST1), a second sub-pattern (VST2), a third sub-pattern (VST3), and a fourth sub-pattern (VST4). The first sub-pattern (VST1) may be formed with a first length (Lsa1, Lsb1, Ls1) in at least one direction of an upper or lower direction on the other axis at a first point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST). The second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed with a second length (Lsa2, Lsb2, Ls2) parallel to the first sub-pattern (VST1) at a second point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST). The third sub-pattern (VST3) may be formed with a third length (Lsa3, Lsb3, Ls3) at a third point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST) and parallel to the first and second sub-patterns (VST1, VST2). The fourth sub-pattern (VST4) may be formed with a fourth length (Lsa4, Lsb4, Ls4) at a fourth point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST) and parallel to the first to third sub-patterns (VST1, VST2, VST3). The third length (Lsa4, Lsb4, Ls4) of the fourth sub-pattern (VST4) may be formed to be longer than or equal to the third length (Lsa3, Lsb3, Ls3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3).

[0073] Referring to FIG. 5c(a), the vertical stub pattern (VST) can be formed in only one of the upper or lower directions on the other axis. Therefore, the vertical stub pattern (VST) can be implemented with an asymmetric structure. In this regard, the first sub-pattern (VST1), the second sub-pattern (VST2), the third sub-pattern (VST3), and the fourth sub-pattern (VST4) can be formed in only one of the upper or lower directions on the other axis. The second length (Lsa2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) can be formed to be longer than the first length (Lsa1) of the first sub-pattern (VST1). The third length (Lsa3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3) can be formed to be longer than the second length (Lsa2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2). The fourth length (Lsa4) of the fourth sub-pattern (VST4) can be formed longer than the third length (Lsa3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3).

[0074] Meanwhile, the vertical stub pattern (VST) may be implemented as a symmetric structure. Referring to FIG. 5c(b), a first sub-pattern (VST1), a second sub-pattern (VST2), a third sub-pattern (VST3), and a fourth sub-pattern (VST4) may be formed in upper and lower directions on the other axis. In this regard, a second length (Lsb2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed to be longer than a first length (Lsb1) of the first sub-pattern (VST1). A third length (Lsb3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3) may be formed to be longer than the second length (Lsb2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2). A fourth length (Lsb4) of the fourth sub-pattern (VST4) may be formed to be longer than a third length (Lsb3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3).

[0075] Referring to FIG. 5c(c), a first sub-pattern (VST1), a second sub-pattern (VST2), and a third sub-pattern (VST3) may be formed in upper and lower directions on the other axis. In this regard, a second length (Ls2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed to be the same as the first length (Ls1) of the first sub-pattern (VST1). A third length (Ls3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3) may be formed to be the same as the second length (Ls2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2). A fourth length (Ls4) of the fourth sub-pattern (VST4) may be formed to be the same as the third length (Ls3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3).

[0076] Meanwhile, the spacing between sub-patterns of the vertical stub patterns of FIGS. 5A to 5C may be formed differently. In this regard, in order to place a stub pattern (1100f) including a plurality of sub-patterns within an area between adjacent antenna elements, the spacing between sub-patterns and / or the width of the sub-patterns may be designed to decrease as the number of sub-patterns increases.

[0077] The first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5A may be spaced apart by a first interval (Ga1). The first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5B may be spaced apart by a second interval (Gb1). The second sub-pattern (VST2) and the third sub-pattern (VST3) may be spaced apart by a third interval (Gb3). The second interval (Gb2) between the first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2) and the third interval (Gb3) between the second sub-pattern (VST2) and the third sub-pattern (VST3) may be set to be the same.

[0078] The second gap (Gb1) between the first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5b may be formed narrower than the first gap (Ga1) between the first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5a. The third gap (Gb2) between the second sub-pattern (VST2) and the third sub-pattern (VST3) of FIG. 5b may be formed narrower than the first gap (Ga1) between the first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5a. Meanwhile, the width of the first sub-pattern (VST1) of FIG. 5b may be formed narrower than the width of the first sub-pattern (VST1) of FIG. 5a. The width of the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5b may be formed narrower than the width of the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5a.

[0079] The first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5c may be spaced apart by a fourth interval (Gc1). The second sub-pattern (VST2) and the third sub-pattern (VST3) may be spaced apart by a fifth interval (Gc2). The third sub-pattern (VST3) and the fourth sub-pattern (VST4) may be spaced apart by a sixth interval (Gc3). The fourth interval (Gc1) between the first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2), the fifth interval (Gc2) between the second sub-pattern (VST2) and the third sub-pattern (VST3), and the sixth interval (Gc3) between the third sub-pattern (VST3) and the fourth sub-pattern (VST4) may be set to be the same.

[0080] The first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5b may be formed to have a fourth gap (Gc1) narrower than the second gap (Gb1) of the first sub-pattern (VST1) and the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5c. The fifth gap (Gc2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) and the third sub-pattern (VST3) of FIG. 5c may be formed to have a third gap (Gb2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) and the third sub-pattern (VST3) of FIG. 5b. Meanwhile, the width of the first sub-pattern (VST1) of FIG. 5c may be formed to be narrower than the width of the first sub-pattern (VST1) of FIG. 5b. The width of the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5c may be formed to be narrower than the width of the second sub-pattern (VST2) of FIG. 5b. The width of the third sub-pattern (VST3) of FIG. 5c may be formed narrower than the width of the third sub-pattern (VST3) of FIG. 5b.

[0081] Meanwhile, the length between adjacent sub-patterns in the feed structure (1100f) of the antenna module according to the present specification may be implemented within a certain range. In this regard, the second length (Lsa2, Lsb2, Ls2) of the second sub-pattern (VST2) may be formed to be 1 to 1.32 times the first length (Lsa1, Lsb1, Ls1) of the first sub-pattern (VST1). Meanwhile, the third length (Lsa3, Lsb3, Ls3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3) may be formed to be 1 to 1.32 times the second length (Lsa2, Lsb2, Ls2) of the second sub-pattern (VST3). Additionally, the fourth length (Lsa4, Lsb4, Ls4) of the fourth sub-pattern (VST4) may be formed to be 1 to 1.32 times longer than the third length (Lsa3, Lsb3, Ls3) of the third sub-pattern (VST3).

[0082] Meanwhile, the length of the longest sub-pattern in the feed structure (1100f) of the antenna module according to the present specification may be implemented to be no longer than a certain range greater than the length of the horizontal stub (HST). In this regard, the length of the longest sub-pattern among the sub-patterns of the vertical stub pattern (VST) may be formed to be no longer than 1.32 times the length of the horizontal stub pattern (HST).

[0083] Referring to FIG. 5a, the length of the longest sub-pattern (Lsa2, Lsb2, Ls2) among the sub-patterns of the vertical stub pattern (VST) may be formed to be 1.32 times or less of the length of the horizontal stub pattern (HST). Referring to FIG. 5b, the length of the longest sub-pattern (Lsa3, Lsb3, Ls3) among the sub-patterns of the vertical stub pattern (VST) may be formed to be 1.32 times or less of the length of the horizontal stub pattern (HST). Referring to FIG. 5c, the length of the longest sub-pattern (Lsa4, Lsb4, Ls4) among the sub-patterns of the vertical stub pattern (VST) may be formed to be 1.32 times or less of the length of the horizontal stub pattern (HST). Therefore, in a power supply structure with a phase delay, the increase / decrease ratio of the length difference of the vertical stub patterns between adjacent stages can be designed so as not to exceed 32%. If the increase / decrease ratio of the length difference of the vertical stub patterns exceeds 32%, the impedance matching characteristics may deteriorate.

[0084] Meanwhile, in the array antenna structure of the antenna module according to the present specification, the spacing between adjacent antenna elements can be implemented within a predetermined range. In this regard, the spacing (G1) between the first antenna element (1110) and the second antenna element (1120) can be formed to be 0.8 times or more and 1.0 times or less of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the RF signal.

[0085] Meanwhile, the array antenna of the antenna module according to the present specification may include a plurality of antenna elements, for example, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, or 16 antenna elements. The plurality of antenna elements may include a first antenna element (1110) to an eighth antenna element (1180).

[0086] In the array antenna, the spacing (G1) between the second antenna element (1120) and the third antenna element (1130) may also be formed to be 0.8 times or more and 1.0 times or less of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the RF signal. Similarly, the spacing (G1) between the seventh antenna element (1170) and the third antenna element (1180) may also be formed to be 0.8 times or more and 1.0 times or less of the wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the RF signal.

[0087] The stub pattern (1100f) may include a first stub pattern (1110f) formed between the first and second antenna elements (1110, 1120) and a seventh stub pattern (1170f) formed between the seventh and eighth antenna elements (1170, 1180). Each of the first stub pattern (1110f) to the seventh stub pattern (1170f) may be implemented to include a horizontal stub pattern (HST) and a vertical stub pattern (VST).

[0088] Meanwhile, the feed structure of the antenna module having a phase delay according to the present specification can be implemented as a slow-wave structure having a phase delay by a variable dielectric layer such as a liquid crystal layer. In this regard, FIG. 6 shows slow-wave structures according to embodiments. FIG. 6(a) to FIG. 6(d) may be referred to as a tapered structure, a stepped structure, a meander structure, and a comb structure, respectively. Meanwhile, FIG. 7 shows a propagation delay coefficient according to an impedance ratio in a slow-wave structure according to the present specification.

[0089] Referring to FIGS. 3 to 6, a transmission line of a power supply structure (1100f) may be implemented as a slow-wave structure to delay the phase of a signal transmitted. The slow-wave structure may be configured to delay the phase component of an output signal according to a slow-wave factor (SWF).

[0090] The feed structure (1100f) of FIGS. 5A to 5C can be implemented as a comb structure. The comb-shaped feed structure (1100f) has the best performance in terms of impedance matching and symmetry compared to other structures. The slow-wave structure can be formed with multiple stages having different impedances (Z) on a transmission line. The feed structures of FIGS. 5A to 5C are structures formed with two, three, and four stages, respectively.

[0091] It can be interpreted as a structure in which impedance stages consisting of RLC circuits are connected in series, equivalently in a structure in which the stages are arranged in a cross or repeat manner. At this time, in order to match the impedance of the entire transmission line, all stages (Z in case of 2 stages for calculation convenience) are connected. A Wow Z B (Z A < Z0< Z B ) must be equal to the characteristic impedance of the input / output transmission line (Z0=50Ω). At this time, the impedance ratio of each stage (Z B / Z A ) can be determined as in mathematical expression 1, the propagation delay factor (SWF).

[0092]

[0093] In the comb structure of Fig. 6(d), the impedance between adjacent vertical line structures is Z A and Z B It can be referred to as. Referring to Figs. 3 to 5c, Fig. 6(d) and Fig. 7, the impedance ratio (Z) of each stage B / Z A ) The larger the difference, the larger the propagation delay factor (SWF). Also, the larger the propagation delay factor (SWF), the larger the phase delay. As the phase delay is larger, a longer electrical length can be realized within a limited area between adjacent antenna elements.

[0094] Meanwhile, an antenna module equipped with a feed structure according to the present specification can be designed to have different phase delay characteristics as the length of the vertical stub pattern changes. In this regard, FIGS. 8A to 8C illustrate phase delay characteristics of the feed structure according to embodiments as the permittivity and the length of the longest vertical stub pattern change. Meanwhile, FIG. 9 illustrates an equivalent circuit of a feed structure including adjacent stub patterns of FIGS. 6A to 6C.

[0095] In the first structure having two vertical stub patterns of Fig. 6a(b), different phase delay characteristics can be implemented by changing the length of the second vertical stub pattern (VST2). In the second structure having three vertical stub patterns of Fig. 6b(b), different phase delay characteristics can be implemented by changing the length of the third vertical stub pattern (VST3). In the third structure having four vertical stub patterns of Fig. 6c(b), different phase delay characteristics can be implemented by changing the length of the fourth vertical stub pattern (VST4).

[0096] Referring to FIGS. 6a(b) and 8a, the length (Lsb2) of the second vertical stub pattern (VST2) can be changed from 0.15 mm to 0.36 mm. By increasing the length of the second vertical stub pattern (VST2) of the feed structure, the antenna elements can be arranged closer together or the beamforming range can be increased as the phase delay value increases. As the length (Lsb2) of the second vertical stub pattern (VST2) increases from 0.15 mm to 0.36 mm, the maximum phase shift can be 30 degrees.

[0097] Referring to FIG. 6b(b) and FIG. 8b, the length (Lsb3) of the third vertical stub pattern (VST3) can be changed from 0.2 mm to 0.44 mm. By increasing the length of the third vertical stub pattern (VST3) of the feed structure, the antenna elements can be arranged closer together or the beamforming range can be increased as the phase delay value increases. As the length (Lsb3) of the third vertical stub pattern (VST3) increases from 0.2 mm to 0.44 mm, the maximum phase shift can increase to 42 degrees.

[0098] Referring to FIG. 6b(b) and FIG. 8b, the length (Lsb4) of the fourth vertical stub pattern (VST4) can be changed from 0.25 mm to 0.55 mm. By increasing the length of the fourth vertical stub pattern (VST4) of the feed structure, the antenna elements can be arranged closer together or the beamforming range can be increased as the phase delay value increases. As the length (Lsb4) of the fourth vertical stub pattern (VST4) increases from 0.25 mm to 0.55 mm, the maximum phase shift can increase to 100 degrees.

[0099] Fig. 9(a) illustrates a feed structure having adjacent vertical stub patterns as an equivalent circuit of an open stub microstrip resonator. Fig. 9(b) illustrates a feed structure having adjacent vertical stub patterns as an equivalent circuit of an RLC resonator.

[0100] Referring to FIGS. 6A to 6C and FIG. 9(a), one end and the other end of the horizontal stub pattern (HST) may correspond to the first port (Port 1) and the second port (Port 2). The input impedance of the horizontal stub pattern (HST) is equal to Z0. Depending on the line width of the horizontal stub pattern (HST), the impedance may be Z m and the propagation constant is g m can be expressed as . Adjacent vertical stub patterns can correspond to the first and second stubs (Stub1, Stub2). Depending on the line width of the first stub (Stub1), Z s and the propagation constant is g s can be expressed as

[0101] Referring to FIGS. 6A to 6C and 9(b), one end and the other end of the horizontal stub pattern (HST) may correspond to the first port (Port 1) and the second port (Port 2). The input impedance of the horizontal stub pattern (HST) is equal to Z0. Depending on the line width of the horizontal stub pattern (HST), the impedance may be Z m and the propagation constant is gm can be expressed as . Adjacent vertical stub patterns can correspond to the first and second stubs (Stub1, Stub2).

[0102] A first stub (Stub1) may be configured to connect a first point of a horizontal stub pattern (HST) and ground. The first stub (Stub1) may be configured to include a first resistor (R1), a first inductor (L1), and a first capacitor (C1). One end and the other end of the first resistor (R1) may be connected to the first point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST) and one end of the first inductor (L1), respectively. One end and the other end of the first inductor (L1) may be connected to the other end of the first resistor (R1) and one end of the first capacitor (C1), respectively. One end and the other end of the first capacitor (C1) may be connected to the other end of the first inductor (L1) and ground, respectively.

[0103] The second stub (Stub2) may be configured to include a second resistor (R2), a second inductor (L2), and a second capacitor (C2). One end and the other end of the second resistor (R2) may be connected to a second point of the horizontal stub pattern (HST) and one end of the second inductor (L2), respectively. One end and the other end of the first inductor (L1) may be connected to the other end of the second resistor (R2) and one end of the second capacitor (C2), respectively. One end and the other end of the second capacitor (C2) may be connected to the other end of the second inductor (L2) and ground, respectively.

[0104] Meanwhile, in an antenna module having a phase delay according to the present specification, the beamforming angle can be increased by increasing the length of the longest vertical stub pattern of the feeding structure. In this regard, FIG. 10 illustrates 3D radiation patterns when the length of the fourth vertical stub pattern in the antenna module of FIG. 3 is changed. FIG. 11 illustrates 2D radiation patterns when the length of the fourth vertical stub pattern in the antenna module of FIG. 3 is changed. The radiation patterns of FIGS. 10 and 11 represent radiation patterns of an array antenna in which the spacing between adjacent antenna elements is formed equal to the wavelength.

[0105] Referring to FIGS. 3, 5c, 10(a), and 11, in a structure having only a horizontal stub pattern (HST) without a vertical stub pattern, the beam directivity angle is 0 degrees in the X-axis direction. The antenna gain at 0 degrees in the X-axis direction is 14.67 dBi. Referring to FIGS. 3, 5c, 10(b), and 11, when the length (Lsb4) of the fourth vertical stub pattern (VST4) is 0.25 mm, the beam directivity angle is a first angle in the X-axis direction. The antenna gain at the first angle in the X-axis direction is 13.76 dBi. Referring to FIGS. 3, 5c, 10(c), and 11, when the length (Lsb4) of the fourth vertical stub pattern (VST4) is 0.35 mm, the beam directivity angle is a second angle greater than the first angle in the X-axis direction. The antenna gain at the second angle in the X-axis direction is 13.41 dBi.

[0106] Referring to FIGS. 3, 5c, 10(d), and 11, when the length (Lsb4) of the fourth vertical stub pattern (VST4) is 0.45 mm, the beam directivity angle is a third angle greater than the second angle in the X-axis direction. The antenna gain at the third angle in the X-axis direction is 12.92 dBi. Referring to FIGS. 3, 5c, 10(e), and 11, when the length (Lsb4) of the fourth vertical stub pattern (VST4) is 0.55 mm, the beam directivity angle is a fourth angle greater than the third angle in the X-axis direction. The fourth angle can be implemented to have a value of about 25 degrees or more. The antenna gain at the fourth angle in the X-axis direction is 11.46 dBi, which is a gain value that is reduced by about 3 dBi compared to the antenna gain at 0 degrees. Therefore, an antenna module having a feed structure with a phase delay according to the present specification can implement a beamforming angle of 25 degrees or more while maintaining an antenna gain reduction of about 3 dBi.

[0107] Meanwhile, Fig. 12 shows 2D radiation patterns according to changes in the spacing between adjacent antenna elements in the antenna module of Fig. 3. Referring to Fig. 12, radiation patterns are shown when the spacing between adjacent antenna elements is 0.8 wavelength, 0.9 wavelength, and 1 wavelength. Referring to Figs. 3 and 12, antenna radiation patterns at 160 GHz are shown in a 1x8 array antenna having 8 antenna elements. In an array antenna to which a slow propagation feed structure is applied, the 3 dB beamwidth decreases to 13.6 degrees, 11.4 degrees, and 9.0 degrees as the spacing between adjacent antenna elements changes to 0.8 wavelength, 0.9 wavelength, and 1 wavelength. As the spacing between adjacent antenna elements increases to 0.8 wavelength, 0.9 wavelength, and 1 wavelength, the 3 dB beamwidth decreases, which can improve beamforming resolution performance.

[0108] The above describes an antenna module having a phase delay according to the present specification. The technical effects of the antenna module having a phase delay according to the present specification are as follows.

[0109] According to an embodiment, two-dimensional beam-steering of an array antenna is possible by applying a slow-wave structure and a liquid crystal medium to a series-fed array antenna design.

[0110] According to an embodiment, a phase shift circuit based on a slow propagation structure is implemented in a series-fed array antenna, a liquid crystal layer is used, and a signal transmission phase can be actively controlled by changing the parameters of the phase delay circuit.

[0111] According to an embodiment, the feed lines between antenna elements can be implemented as a serial feed structure with a slow-wave structure to reduce the feed loss in the millimeter wave band.

[0112] According to an embodiment, a one-dimensional array antenna structure having serial feed lines can be used to form a directional beam in a desired direction along one axis, thereby improving wireless communication performance in a frequency band higher than the millimeter wave band.

[0113] Further scope of the applicability of this disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description below. However, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of this disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific embodiments, such as the preferred embodiments of this disclosure, are given by way of example only. The detailed description should not be construed as limiting in any respect but rather as illustrative. The scope of this disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changes coming within the scope of equivalents of this disclosure are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. In the antenna module, dielectric substrate; A plurality of antenna elements arranged in a uniaxial direction on one surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the plurality of antenna elements include a first antenna element and a second antenna element arranged to face each other; A stub pattern configured to connect the facing sides of the first antenna element and the second antenna element in the uniaxial direction; and comprising a liquid crystal layer arranged in the lower region of the stub pattern; The above stub pattern is, A horizontal stub pattern formed to connect the facing sides of the first antenna element and the second antenna element in the uniaxial direction; and An antenna module comprising vertical stub patterns formed to extend in the other axis direction perpendicular to the horizontal stub pattern at different points on the horizontal stub pattern.

2. In paragraph 1, It further includes a feeding line connected to one side of the outermost element among the plurality of antenna elements and formed so that an RF element is applied to the outermost element. An antenna module in which the RF signal applied through the above feed line is transmitted to the second antenna element through the first antenna element and the stub pattern.

3. In paragraph 1, The above vertical stub patterns are, A first sub-pattern formed with a first length in at least one of the upper or lower directions on the other axis at a first point of the horizontal stub pattern; A second sub-pattern formed with a second length parallel to the first sub-pattern at a second point of the horizontal stub pattern, An antenna module, wherein the first sub-pattern is disposed adjacent to the first antenna element, and the second sub-pattern is disposed adjacent to the second antenna element.

4. In paragraph 3, The first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern are formed only in one of the upper or lower directions on the other axis, An antenna module in which the second length of the second sub-pattern is formed longer than the first length of the first sub-pattern.

5. In paragraph 3, The first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern are formed in the upper and lower directions on the other axis, An antenna module in which the second length of the second sub-pattern is formed longer than the first length of the first sub-pattern.

6. In paragraph 3, The first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern are formed in the upper and lower directions on the other axis, An antenna module in which the second length of the second sub-pattern is formed to be the same as the first length of the first sub-pattern.

7. In paragraph 3, The above vertical stub patterns are, Further comprising a third sub-pattern formed with a third length parallel to the first and second sub-patterns at a third point of the horizontal stub pattern, An antenna module in which the third length of the third sub-pattern is formed to be longer than or equal to the second length of the second sub-pattern.

8. In paragraph 7, The first sub-pattern, the second sub-pattern and the third sub-pattern are formed only in one of the upper or lower regions on the other axis, The third length of the third sub-pattern is formed to be longer than the second length, An antenna module in which the second length of the second sub-pattern is formed to be longer than the first length.

9. In paragraph 7, The first sub-pattern, the second sub-pattern and the third sub-pattern are formed in the upper and lower directions on the other axis, The second length of the second sub-pattern is formed to be longer than the first length of the first sub-pattern, An antenna module in which the third length of the third sub-pattern is formed longer than the second length of the second sub-pattern.

10. In paragraph 7, The first sub-pattern, the second sub-pattern and the third sub-pattern are formed in the upper and lower directions on the other axis, The second length of the second sub-pattern is formed to be the same as the first length of the first sub-pattern, An antenna module in which the third length of the third sub-pattern is formed to be the same as the second length of the second sub-pattern.

11. In paragraph 3, The above vertical stub patterns are, Further comprising a fourth sub-pattern formed with a fourth length parallel to the first to third sub-patterns at the fourth point of the horizontal stub pattern, An antenna module in which the fourth length of the fourth sub-pattern is formed to be longer than or equal to the third length of the third sub-pattern.

12. In paragraph 11, The first sub-pattern, the second sub-pattern, the third sub-pattern and the fourth sub-pattern are formed only in one of the upper or lower regions on the other axis, The fourth length of the fourth sub-pattern is formed to be longer than the third length, The third length of the third sub-pattern is formed to be longer than the second length, An antenna module in which the second length of the second sub-pattern is formed to be longer than the first length.

13. In paragraph 11, The first sub-pattern, the second sub-pattern, the third sub-pattern and the fourth sub-pattern are formed in the upper and lower directions on the other axis, The second length of the second sub-pattern is formed to be longer than the first length of the first sub-pattern, The third length of the third sub-pattern is formed to be longer than the second length of the second sub-pattern, An antenna module in which the fourth length of the fourth sub-pattern is formed longer than the third length of the third sub-pattern.

14. In paragraph 11, The first sub-pattern, the second sub-pattern, the third sub-pattern and the fourth sub-pattern are formed in the upper and lower directions on the other axis, The second length of the second sub-pattern is formed to be the same as the first length of the first sub-pattern, The third length of the third sub-pattern is formed to be the same as the second length of the second sub-pattern, An antenna module in which the third length of the fourth sub-pattern is formed to be identical to the second length of the fourth sub-pattern.

15. In paragraph 11, The second length of the second sub-pattern is formed to be 1 to 1.32 times the first length of the first sub-pattern, The third length of the third sub-pattern is formed to be 1 to 1.32 times the second length of the second sub-pattern, An antenna module, wherein the fourth length of the fourth sub-pattern is formed to be 1 to 1.32 times greater than the third length of the third sub-pattern.

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