Modified maleated natural oil based reaction product and slurry compositions containing the reaction product

Abstract

The present application provides a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base. Another aspect of the present application relates to a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, (c) a base. The present application also provides a ceramic coated separator for a battery comprising a ceramic slurry composition comprising (i) the reaction product of (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base, as a dispersant, and (ii) a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator. Also, the present application provides a battery comprising the aforementioned ceramic coated separator and a method of making a ceramic coated separator.

Description

MODIFIED MALEATED NATURAL OIL BASED REACTION PRODUCT AND SLURRY COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE REACTION PRODUCTFIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The presently disclosed process(es), procedure(s), method(s), product(s), result(s), and / or concept(s) (collectively referred to hereinafter as the “present disclosure or invention”) relates generally to a modified maleated natural oil-based reaction product. The present invention also relates to slurry compositions containing the reaction product, and the use of the slurry compositions in various applications.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present application relates to a modified maleated natural oil-based reaction product. It also relates to slurry compositions containing the reaction product and the use of the slurry compositions in various applications.

[0003] Modified natural oils can be incorporated into a wide variety of compositions. Such compositions include, but are not limited to, personal care (e g., hair care, sun care, skin care, oral care), adhesives, coatings, paints, electronics, household, industrial and institutional (HI&I) compositions, inks, membranes, metal working fluids, oilfield chemicals, plastics and plasticizers, textiles, industrial products, biocides, pharmaceutical / nutritional, and agrochemical compositions.

[0004] Natural oils, such as soybean and linseed oils, are one of the most promising raw materials for the synthesis of renewable compounds, including polymers, plastics, and plasticizers. These natural materials are inexpensive, highly abundant, come from reliable and sustainable sources, and have high potential for modification. Natural oils are generally blends of different triglycerides, the esterification product of fatty acids and glycerol, and contain varying degrees of unsaturation (i.e., double bonds). Oils can be characterized by a hydroxyl value and the fatty acid compositions. Both natural fatty acids and natural oils must be chemically modified to make them sufficiently reactive to allow structural alterations and polymerizations to occur because the olefin functional groups are relatively unreactive. Unsaturated double bonds in these compounds have been converted to epoxide functional groups and succinic anhydride functional groups, allowing the addition of many hydroxyl containing species to be introduced into the natural oils.

[0005] US Patent 9809538B2 describes a modified natural compound synthesized from an epoxidized natural fatty acid, maleated natural fatty acid, epoxidized natural oil, or maleated natural oil and a lactam compound having at least one hydroxyl group, wherein the modified natural compound has utility in, e.g., adhesive or beverage compositions.

[0006] A discussion of reaction scheme for the maleation reaction in the vegetable oil is provided in the article “Maleated soybean oil and its multifunctional properties,” by Gripp, Anna A., Steinberg, David C., published in Cosmetics Exhibition & Conference Proceedings, Barcelona, Mar. 22-24, 1994.

[0007] A discussion of reaction scheme for the maleation reaction in the vegetable oil is provided in the article “Microwave Assisted Syntheses of Vegetable Oil Based Monomer,” by Rafael T. Alarcon et al., published in Journal of Polymers and the Environment 28: 1265-1278, 2020.

[0008] A discussion of generalized reaction between maleic anhydride and unsaturated vegetable oils is provided in the Handbook of Maleic Anhydride Based Materials: Syntheses, Properties and Applications by Osama M. Musa in chapter 3 page 166, published in Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016.

[0009] US Patent 2754306A describes a reaction of soybean oil, maleic anhydride and iso-octyl alcohol to provide an improved plasticizer for nitrocellulose compositions.

[0010] PCT Applications 2019113068A1 describe a technology related to metalworking fluids comprising maleated soybean oil derivatives.

[0011] A discussion of maleic anhydride polymerization and modified plant oils with polyols is provided in the article “Polymerization of Maleic Anhydride-Modified Plant Oils with Polyols,” by Tarik Eren, Selim H. Kusefoglu, Richard Wool published in Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Barcelona, Volume 90, Issue 1, Pages 197-202, 2003.

[0012] EP Patent 2754306A describes an adhesive containing a poly condensate and a dienophile modified fatty acid as a cross-linking agent.

[0013] PCT Application 2005071050A1 describes a metalworking fluid comprising oil in water emulsion from a reaction product of maleic anhydride and a triglyceride oil from a plant or land animal and further reacted with water, Group IA and IIA metals, ammonium hydroxide, variousamines, alkanolamines, polyols, alkoxylated alkanolamines, poly (alkylene oxides), or polyamines or mixtures.

[0014] US Patent 5733970 A discloses an aqueous dispersed, epoxy crosslinked maleated oil (maleated glyceride oil) microgel polymers for protective coatings.

[0015] US Publication 20130210630 Al discloses a self-emulsifying oil having vegetable oil modified (maleated soyabean oil) by reacting it with a moiety more polar than vegetable oil; and an active ingredient e.g. herbicide.

[0016] Despite the renewability, biodegradability, sustainability, and beneficial functions provided by natural fatty acids, natural oils and their maleated counterparts, they exhibit properties that can limit their application. For example, maleated soybean oil is insoluble and non-dispersible in water or alcohols. As a result, these oils may tend to exude or phase-separate from formulated compositions. This feature makes their formulation more difficult, often requiring additional ingredients to facilitate solutions, emulsions, or dispersions. Natural and maleated natural oils may not impart the desired property needed in end-uses, such as solubilization capability, glass transition, flexibility, shine, and / or plasticization. Consequently, the performance (including, but not limited to stability, resistance to phase separation, absorption, clean-up, solubility potential, staining potential, lubrication, film formation, uniformity of spreading, comedogenic tendency, ease of removal), may be less than desired. Finally, although such natural oils are an important renewable material, they are not always the formulator's first choice, and, in fact, often are not considered at all.

[0017] Mineral oils and vegetable oils are often used as components of agricultural compositions. Accordingly, there is a need for materials that are renewable, natural, and biodegradable having different and controllable chemical, physical, and / or mechanical properties such that the limitations found in natural and maleated natural oils are minimized or eliminated. Most agricultural compositions contain more than one inert ingredient to help deliver the active ingredient having a fungicide, bactericide, insecticide, and herbicide activity in combination of inert ingredient or an adjuvant used in plant treatments. The employed agricultural composition comprising modified maleated natural oils in combination with agricultural active ingredients and specific ingredients can improve efficiency of the active ingredient itself and used for agriculture. Therefore, there is a need to develop new, functionalized maleated natural oils for use in curativetreatments of the agricultural cultivations and agriculture compositions that are non-toxic and inspired by or created from renewable resources.

[0018] Surprisingly, it was discovered that a reaction product of: maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, a crosslinking agent, and a base shows a higher dispersibility of ceramic particles in preparation of a slurry. The slurry has reduced viscosity, improved electrolyte wetting ability, and better thermal shrinkage.

[0019] Accordingly, it is an objective of the present application to prepare a product of: maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, a crosslinking agent and a base.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0020] The primary aspect of the present application is to provide a reaction product of: a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, a crosslinking agent, and a base.

[0021] Another aspect of the present application is to provide a composition comprising a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base.

[0022] Yet another aspect of the present application is to provide a composition comprising: a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base, wherein the maleated functionality is fully or partially reacted with the base.

[0023] Another aspect of the present application is to provide a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof; wherein the maleated functionality has been partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety, (c) a crosslinking agent, and (d) a base.

[0024] Another aspect of the present application is to provide a slurry composition comprising: (i) the reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base, as a dispersant; (ii) a dispersed particle; and (iii) a solvent.

[0025] Another aspect of the present application is to provide a ceramic slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base, as a dispersant; (ii) a ceramic particle; and (iii) a solvent.

[0026] Another aspect of the present application is to provide a ceramic coated separator for a battery comprising: (A) a ceramic slurry composition comprising: (i) the reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base, as a dispersant; (ii) a dispersed ceramic particle; and (iii) a solvent; and (B) a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

[0027] Another aspect of the present application provides a battery comprising the aforementioned ceramic coated separator, at least one cathode, and at least one anode.

[0028] One more aspect of the present application provides a method of making a ceramic coated separator, comprising: a) creating a ceramic slurry coating on a separator by coating the ceramic slurry composition on the separator by a method selected from the group consisting of doctor blading, bar coating, slot-die coating, dip coating, spin coating, direct gravure, reverse coating and combinations thereof; b) drying the ceramic slurry coated on the separator by using an energy source selected from the group consisting of heat, ultraviolet (UV), light emitting diode (LED), electron beam (EB) and combinations thereof; and c) conditioning the coating at a temperature.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] Unless otherwise defined herein, technical terms used in connection with the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept(s) shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular.

[0030] The singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise specified or clearly implied to the contrary by the context in which the reference is made. The term “Comprising” and “Comprises of’ includes the more restrictive claims such as “Consisting essentially of’ and “Consisting of’.

[0031] For purposes of the following detailed description, other than in any operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, numbers that express, for example, quantities of ingredients used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". The numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties to be obtained in carrying out the invention.

[0032] All percentages, parts, proportions, and ratios as used herein, are by weight of the total composition, unless otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore; do not include solvents or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified.

[0033] All publications, articles, papers, patents, patent publications, and other references cited herein are hereby incorporated herein in their entirety for all purposes to the extent consistent with the disclosure herein.

[0034] The use of the term “at least one” will be understood to include one as well as any quantity more than one, including but not limited to, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, etc. The term “at least one” may extend up to 100 or 1000 or more depending on the term to which it is attached.

[0035] As used herein, the words “comprising” (and any form of comprising, such as “comprise” and “comprises”), “having” (and any form of having, such as “have” and “has”), “including” (and any form of including, such as “includes” and “include”) or “containing” (and any form ofcontaining, such as “contains” and “contain”) are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.

[0036] The term “each independently selected from the group consisting of’ means when a group appears more than once in a structure, that group may be selected independently each time it appears.

[0037] The term “alkyl” refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized, monovalent, straightchain, branched-chain, or cyclic Ci-Ceo hydrocarbyl group optionally having one or more heteroatoms. In one non-limiting embodiment, an alkyl is a C1-C45 hydrocarbyl group. In another non-limiting embodiment, an alkyl is a C1-C30 hydrocarbyl group. Non-limiting examples of alkyl include methyl, ethyl, zz-propyl, isopropyl, zz-butyl, isobutyl, Zcz'Z-butyl, zz-pentyl, isopentyl, n- hexyl, zz-heptyl, zz-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, tert-octyl, z.w-norbornyl, zz-dodecyl, tert-dodecyl, n- tetradecyl, zz-hexadecyl, zz-octadecyl, zz-eicosyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like. The definition of “alkyl” also includes groups obtained by combinations of straight-chain, branched-chain and / or cyclic structures.

[0038] The term “aryl” refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized, monovalent, aromatic hydrocarbyl group optionally having one or more heteroatoms. The definition of aryl includes carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic groups. Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, indenyl, indanyl, azulenyl, fluorenyl, anthracenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, 1,3,5-trithianyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, 3H-indolyl, indolinyl, benzo[b]furanyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzo[b]thiophenyl, IH-indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, purinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 1,8-naphthridinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxyazinyl, pyrazolo[l,5-c]triazinyl, and the like.

[0039] The term “aralkyl” refers to an alkyl group comprising one or more aryl substituent(s) wherein "aryl" and "alkyl" are as defined above. Non-limiting examples of aralkyl groups include benzyl, 2-phenyl-ethyl, 3-phenyl-propyl, 4-phenyl-butyl, 5-phenyl-pentyl, 4-phenylcyclohexyl, 4- benzylcyclohexyl, 4-phenylcyclohexylmethyl, 4-benzylcyclohexylmethyl, and the like.

[0040] The term “alkaryl” refers to an aryl group comprising one or more alkyl substituent(s), wherein “alkyl” and “aryl” are as defined above. Non-limiting examples of alkaryl groups include 2-methylphenyl, 3 -methylphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-nonylphenyl, and the like.

[0041] The term “alkylene” refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized, divalent, straightchain, branched-chain, or cyclic C1-C40 hydrocarbyl group optionally having one or more heteroatoms. In one non-limiting embodiment, an alkylene is a C1-C30 group. In another nonlimiting embodiment, an alkylene is a C1-C20 group. Non-limiting examples of alkylene groups include:CH3-CH2— ■CH2— CH2—-in— CH2-

[0042] The term “arylene” refers to a functionalized or unfunctionalized, divalent, aromatic hydrocarbyl group optionally having one or more heteroatoms. The definition of arylene includes carbocyclic and heterocyclic groups. Non-limiting examples of arylene groups include phenylene, naphthylene, pyridinylene, and the like.

[0043] The term "branched and unbranched alkyl groups" refers to alkyl groups, which may be straight chained or branched. Branched groups include isopropyl, tert-butyl, and the like.

[0044] The term “dispersing agent” as used herein refers to a “substance added to a suspension to improve the separation of particles and to prevent settling or clumping.

[0045] The term “heteroatom” refers to oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, phosphorous, or halogen. The heteroatom(s) may be present as a part of one or more heteroatom-containing functional groups. Non-limiting examples of heteroatom-containing functional groups include ether, hydroxy, epoxy, carbonyl, carboxamide, carboxylic ester, carboxylic acid, imine, imide, amine, sulfonic, sulfonamide, phosphonic, and silane groups. The heteroatom(s) may also be present as a part of a ring such as in heteroaryl and heteroarylene groups.

[0046] The term “hydrocarbyl” includes straight-chain and branched-chain alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl groups, and combinations thereof with optional heteroatom (s). A hydrocarbyl group may be mono-, di- or polyvalent and have carbon chains contain at least 2 carbon atoms and preferably 2 to 100 carbon atoms.

[0047] The term “unreacted maleated functionality” refers to presence of an unreacted maleic anhydride compound or functionality in the reaction product of this invention, wherein, the maleated functionality are completely unreacted and intact.

[0048] The term "hydrophilic" means that the compound has an affinity for water, whereas "hydrophobic" means not having an affinity for water.

[0049] The terms are relative terms, where a hydrophilic moiety it has a higher affinity for water than a hydrophobic moiety, but the hydrophilic moiety may or may not be completely water soluble. Likewise, hydrophobic moieties have less of an affinity for water than hydrophilic moieties, but the hydrophobic moieties may not necessarily be water-repellant. While hydrophilic moieties have an affinity for water and other polar solvents, hydrophobic moieties tend to have an affinity for oils, fats, and other non-polar solvents.

[0050] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic moiety and the hydrophilic moiety is a hydrocarbyl alcohol, a hydrocarbyl amine, a silicon-based compound, or a combination thereof.

[0051] Hydrocarbyl alcohols are classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, based on the number of carbon atoms connected to the carbon atom that bears the hydroxyl group. Each classification of alcohol may have a general formula. For example, the general formula for primary alcohols isthe general formula for secondary alcohols isOHR’-A-H and the general formula for tertiary alcohols iswherein R, R' and R" stand for different alkyl, alkylene, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl and arylene groups.

[0052] The terms are relative terms, where a hydrophilic moiety it has a higher affinity for water than a hydrophobic moiety, but the hydrophilic moiety may or may not be completely water soluble. Likewise, hydrophobic moieties have less of an affinity for water than hydrophilic moieties, but the hydrophobic moieties may not necessarily be water-repellant. While hydrophilic moieties have an affinity for water and other polar solvents, hydrophobic moieties tend to have an affinity for oils, fats, and other non-polar solvents.

[0053] The term “functionalized” with reference to any moiety refers to the presence of one or more functional groups in the moiety. Various functional groups may be introduced in a moiety by way of one or more functionalization reactions known to a person having ordinary skill in the art. Non-limiting examples of functionalization reactions include: alkylation, epoxidation, sulfonation, hydrolysis, amidation, esterification, hydroxylation, dihydroxylation, amination, ammonolysis, acylation, nitration, oxidation, dehydration, elimination, hydration,dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, acetal izati on, halogenation, dehydrohalogenation, Michael addition, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction, Mannich reaction, Clasien condensation, Suzuki coupling, and the like. In one non-limiting embodiment, the term “functionalized” with reference to any moiety refers to the presence of one more functional group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxyl, carboxyl, halogen, alkoxy, amino, imino, and combinations thereof, in the moiety.

[0054] The term “maleated natural oil”, as used herein, refers to a natural oil containing one or more maleated functionality. Since the carbon-carbon double bond of maleic anhydride becomes saturated during its attachment to unsaturated fatty acid chains, whether the “maleation” reaction is by an “ene” reaction, a Diels- Alder reaction or a radical addition to the double bond of maleic anhydride, the “maleated functionality” could also be considered a succinyl anhydride moiety attached to one or more fatty acid chain in the natural oil.

[0055] The term “moiety” or “moieties” refer to a part or a functional group(s) of a molecule.

[0056] The term “natural oil” refers to compounds comprising triglycerides and may contain varying levels of fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides refer to oil derived from plants or animal sources. Natural oils also include fatty acid glyceryl esters, which are synthesized by reacting glycerol with 1, 2, or 3 molar equivalents of a fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids. These compounds can be mono, di or triglycerides of a single fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids.

[0057] The term “polymer” refers to a compound comprising repeating structural units (monomers) connected by covalent chemical bonds. Polymers may be further derivatized, crosslinked, grafted or end-capped. Non-limiting examples of polymers include copolymers, terpolymers, tetrapolymers, quaternary polymers, and homologues. The term “copolymer” refers to a polymer consisting essentially of two or more different types of monomers polymerized to obtain said copolymer.

[0058] The term “reaction product” refers to a substance or substances produced from a chemical reaction of one or more reactant substances.

[0059] The term, “maleated functionality” refers to moieties formed by attaching maleic anhydride to unsaturated fatty acyl chains, found in natural oils, by ene reaction. “Maleated functionality” includes but is not limited to the cyclic anhydride form (I), the diacid form (II), the disodium dicarboxylate form (III), other dicarboxylate salt forms, and the half ester form (IV). Since the carbon-carbon double bond of maleic anhydride becomes a saturated carbon-carbon single bond during the ene reaction, the “maleated functionality” pictured in I, II, III and IV might also be called by one of ordinary skill in the art succinic anhydride, succinic acid, succinate salt or succinate half ester functionality.IV

[0060] The term “base”, as used herein, refers to any substance which can alter the pH of a solution from a neutral pH of 7.0 to a basic pH (i.e., 7.1 to 14). Typically, a base is a substance of a large class of compounds with one or more of the following properties: bitter taste, slippery feeling in solution, ability to turn litmus blue and to cause other indicators to take on characteristic colors, ability to react with (neutralize) acids to form salts includes both organic base or an inorganic base and mixtures thereof.

[0061] The term “organic base”, as used herein, includes ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

[0062] The term “inorganic base”, as used herein, includes oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

[0063] The term “alkali metal base” includes oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates of sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr).

[0064] The term “alkaline earth metal base” includes oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates of beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).

[0065] The term “transition metal base” includes oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates of scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg), rutherfordium (Rf), dubnium (Db), seaborgium (Sg), bohrium (Bh), hassium (Hs), meitnerium (Mt), darmstadtium (Ds) and roentgenium (Rg).

[0066] According to one of the embodiments, the invention relates to a reaction product of: maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, a crosslinking agent, and a base.

[0067] According to one more embodiment^ the maleated natural oil is selected from the group consisting of maleated avocado oils, maleated coconut oils, maleated corn oils, maleated cottonseed oils, maleated jojoba oils, maleated linseed oils, maleated nut oils, maleated olive oils, maleated palm oils, maleated raisin oils, maleated rapeseed oils, maleated safflower oils, maleated sesame oils, maleated soybean oils, maleated squash oils, maleated sunflower oils, maleated almond oils, maleated canola oils, maleated flaxseed oils, maleated grapeseed oils, maleated palm kernel oils, maleated peanut oils, maleated walnut oils, maleated chickpea oils, maleated clary sage oils and mixture thereof. More preferably, the maleated natural oil is a maleated soybean oil.

[0068] According to one more embodiment, the maleated natural oil is natural oil subjected to maleation reactions.

[0069] The maleation reactions according to the application may be readily synthesized by procedures known by those skilled in the art, non-limiting examples of which include free radical solution polymerization, dispersion polymerization, emulsion polymerization, ionic chain polymerization, living polymerization, bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization or precipitation polymerization. Particularly, the polymerization is carried out by any one of the methods disclosed in “Principles of Polymerization” 4th edition, 2004, Wiley by George Odian and is referred and disclosed herein in its entirety and described in “Decomposition Rate of Organic Free RadicalPolymerization” by K.W. Dixon (section II in Polymer Handbook, volume 1, 4th edition, Wiley - Interscience, 1999), which is herein incorporated in its entirety by reference.

[0070] The maleation reaction in natural oil can occur under heating in three different ways. The first one is known as “Ene” reaction (reaction between an allylic moiety and an enophile in a pericyclic reaction), obtaining a triglyceride structure with anhydride moieties (succinic anhydride). The second one is a radical addition, which consumes a double bond in the fatty acid, incorporating the succinic anhydride into the natural oil structure. The final reaction is also a radical addition that incorporates the maleic anhydride into the natural oil structure without consuming C=C bonds (fatty acid chain and maleic anhydride); this reaction occurs due to abstraction of hydrogen atoms from two alkene groups. Subsequently, the maleated natural oil can be reacted with the hydrophobic moiety or the hydrophilic moiety of a hydrocarbyl alcohol, a hydrocarbyl amine, or a silicon-based compound.

[0071] As a non-limiting, illustrative example, the maleation reaction may be performed at elevated temperatures, such as a temperature between about 150 °C and about 300 °C, alternatively, between about 170 °C and about 230 °C, or, alternatively, between about 200 °C and about 220 °C. The reaction time may be between about 0.5 hours and about 14 hours. In one embodiment, the reaction time is between about 1 hour and about 5 hours, in another embodiment, between about 2 hours and about 6 hours, and, in another embodiment, between about 6 hours and about 10 hours.

[0072] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the maleated natural oil is selected from the group consisting of maleated natural oil is maleated avocado oils, maleated coconut oils, maleated corn oils, maleated cottonseed oils, maleated jojoba oils, maleated linseed oils, maleated nut oils, maleated olive oils, maleated palm oils, maleated raisin oils, maleated rapeseed oils, maleated safflower oils, maleated sesame oils, maleated soybean oils, maleated squash oils, maleated sunflower oils, maleated almond oils, maleated canola oils, maleated flaxseed oils, maleated grapeseed oils, maleated palm kernel oils, maleated peanut oils, maleated walnut oils, maleated clary sage oils, maleated chickpea oils and mixture thereof.

[0073] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the maleated natural oil is a maleated soybean oil.

[0074] In another non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a reaction product of (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base, wherein the maleated functionality is fully or partially reacted with the base.

[0075] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of a polyol, a polyamine, an amino alcohol, an amino polyol and a polyamino alcohol.

[0076] In another non-limiting embodiment, the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of:(a) a diol: ethylene glycol, 1,3 -propanediol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2- butylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-pentylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,8- octanediol, 1,2-octanediol, an ethoxylate of one of the aforementioned diols and a propoxylate of one of the aforementioned diols;(b) a triol: glycerol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolpropane, castor oil, an ethoxylate of one of the aforementioned triols and a propoxylate of one of the aforementioned triols;(c) a tetraol: erythritol, threitol, diglycerol, pentaerythritol, an ethoxylate of one of the aforementioned tetraols and a propoxylate of one of the aforementioned tetraols;(d) a pentaol: xylitol, ribitol, arabitol, triglycerol, an ethoxylate of one of the aforementioned pentaols and a propoxylate of one of the aforementioned pentaols;(e) a hexaol: sorbitol, mannitol, galactitol, talitol, allitol, iditol, tetraglycerol, an ethoxylate of one of the aforementioned hexaols and a propoxylate of one of the aforementioned hexaols;(f) a diamine: ethylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, piperazine, N- aminoethylpiperazine, isophoronediamine, xylenediamine, phenylenediamine, 4, d'methylenedi cyclohexanamine, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine), diglucosamine and lysine;(g) a triamine: diethylenetriamine, triglucosamine, dilysine;(h) a tretramine: triethylenetetramine; and(i) an aminopolyol: serinol, 3-amino-l,2-propanediol, 2-amino- 1,4-butanediol and 2-amino- 1,5- pentanediol

[0077] In a non-limiting embodiment, the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of: a) a triol: glycerol and castor oil; and b) a diamine: lysine.

[0078] In another non-limiting embodiment, the base is selected from the group consisting of inorganic bases, organic bases, and mixtures thereof.

[0079] In one non-limiting embodiment, the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

[0080] In one non-limiting embodiment, the alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and mixtures thereof.

[0081] In another non-limiting embodiment, the alkaline earth metal is selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, and mixtures thereof.

[0082] In another non-limiting embodiment, the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg), rutherfordium (Rf), dubnium (Db), seaborgium (Sg), bohrium (Bh), hassium (Hs), meitnerium (Mt), darmstadtium (Ds) and roentgenium (Rg) and mixtures thereof.

[0083] In another non-limiting embodiment, the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and combinations thereof.

[0084] In another non-limiting embodiment, the organic base is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

[0085] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a reaction product of (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base, wherein the reaction product comprises a structure:wherein R1is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic, saturated, unsaturated, aryl or alkaryl hydrocarbyl group containing 2 to 60 carbon atoms and, optionally, oxa, aza, ester or amide groups; X1and X2are, independently, -O- or -NH-; Y is -OH or -X2-R1-X1H; + z > 2; and z = 0 or 1.

[0086] In another non-limiting embodiment, the aforementioned reaction product comprises a structure:, wherein x = 0 or 1 ; x + y + z > 2; and z = 0 or 1.

[0087] In one non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a composition comprising: a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base, and wherein the maleated functionality is fully or partially reacted with the base.

[0088] In one non-limiting embodiment, the aforementioned composition is selected from the group consisting of skin care compositions, oral care compositions, hair care compositions, energy compositions, lithium-ion battery compositions, construction compositions, biocidalcompositions, preservative compositions, nutraceutical compositions, food compositions, agricultural compositions, coating compositions, cosmetic compositions, homecare compositions, industrial and institutional compositions, metal working compositions, textile compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, slurry composition, and disinfecting compositions.

[0089] In another non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a slurry composition, comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base, wherein the reaction product is a dispersant; (ii) a dispersed particle; and (iii) a solvent.

[0090] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the dispersed particle in the slurry composition is selected from the group consisting of alumina, alumina oxide hydroxide, SiCh, BaSCh, TiCh, SnCh, CeCh, ZrCh, BaTiCh, Y2O3, B2O3, carbon nanotube, ZnO, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconate (Al-doped LLZO), and combinations thereof.

[0091] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the aforementioned dispersed particle is in powder form.

[0092] In another non-limiting embodiment, the aforementioned dispersed particle has a particle size distribution such that the d50 is in a range of from about 0.05 pm to about 50 pm.

[0093] In another non-limiting embodiment, the d50 of the aforementioned dispersed particle is in a range of from about 0.05 pm to about 0.1 pm, from about 0.11 pm to about 0.2 pm, from about 0.21 pm to about 0.3pm, from about 0.31 pm to about 0.4 pm, from about 0.41 pm to about 0.5 pm, from about 0.5 pm to about 0.61, from about 0.61 pm to about 0.7 pm, from about 0.71 pm to about 0.8 pm, from about 0.81 pm to about 9 pm, from about 0.91 pm to about 1pm, from about 1.1 pm to about 5 pm, from about 6 pm to about 10 pm, from about 11 pm to about 15 pm, from about 16 pm to about 20 pm, from about 21 pm to about 25 pm, from about 26 pm to about 30 pm, from about 31 pm to about 35 pm, from about 36 pm to about 40 pm, from about 41 pm to about 45 pm and from about 46 pm to about 50 pm.

[0094] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the solvent in the slurry composition is selected from the group consisting of alcohols; phenols, acetates; ketones; ethyleneglycols;propyleneglycols; amides; pyrrolidones; hydroxyesters; sulfoxides; lactones; anilines; hydrocarbons; halogenated solvents; aromatic solvents; glycol esters and combinations thereof.

[0095] In another non-limiting embodiment, the solvent in the slurry composition is selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butanol, terpineol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N-ethylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, gamma-butyrolactone, lactic acid methyl ester, lactic acid ethyl ester, P-methoxyisobutyric acid methyl ester, a-hydroxyisobutyric acid methyl ester, aniline, N-methylaniline, hexane, chloroform, toluene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl acetoacetate and combinations thereof

[0096] In another non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a ceramic coated separator for a battery, comprising: (A) a ceramic slurry composition comprising: (i) a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, and (c) a base, wherein the reaction product is a dispersant; (ii) a dispersed ceramic particle; and (iii) a solvent; and (B) a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

[0097] In another non-limiting embodiment, the ceramic coated separator has the ceramic slurry composition coated on at least one surface of the separator, forming a coating thereon.

[0098] In another non-limiting embodiment, the separator of the ceramic coated separator comprises a polyolefin.

[0099] In another non-limiting embodiment, the aforementioned polyolefin is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and combinations thereof.

[0100] In another non-limiting embodiment of the ceramic coated separator, the separator has been pre-treated by at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of: corona treatment, atmospheric plasma treatment, flame plasma treatment, chemical plasma treatment, ozone treatment, poly vinylidene difluoride (PVDF) treatment, and treatment with polydopamine.

[0101] In one more non-limiting embodiment of the ceramic coated separator, the coating provided by the ceramic slurry is uniformly distributed on the separator.[00102J In one more non-limiting embodiment of the ceramic coated separator, the coating has a mean thickness in a range of from about 0.5pm to about 5pm.

[0103] In another non-limiting embodiment of the ceramic coated separator, the coating has a mean thickness in a range of from about 0.5 pm to about 0.61, from about 0.61 pm to about 0.7 pm, from about 0.71 pm to about 0.8 pm, from about 0.81 pm to about 9 pm, from about 0.91 pm to about 1pm, from about 1.1 pm to about 5 pm.

[0104] In another non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides an energy storage device comprising the aforementioned ceramic coated separator, wherein the energy storage device is selected from the group consisting of a fuel cell, an electrochemical cell, a battery, and a capacitor.

[0105] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a battery comprising the aforementioned ceramic coated separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

[0106] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a battery comprising: at least one of the aforementioned ceramic coated separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator; at least one cathode; and at least one anode.

[0107] In another non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (c) a crosslinking agent, and (d) a base.

[0108] In another non-limiting embodiment, the invention provides a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (c) a crosslinking agent, and (d) a base, wherein the maleated functionality is fully or partially reacted with the base.

[0109] In another non-limiting embodiment, the aforementioned hydrophobic moiety is a moiety selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl,aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl alcohols, with or without additional heteroatoms, containing from about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms; unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl amines, with or without additional heteroatoms, containing from about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms; unsubstituted or substituted polyols, with or without additional heteroatoms, containing from about 36 to about 60 carbon atoms; silicon-based compounds, and combinations thereof.

[0110] In another non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic alcohol is selected from the group consisting of hexanol, heptanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecanol, phenol, ethylbenzyl alcohol, 2- ethyl-1 -hexanol, 1 -octanol, 2-octanol, 2 -butyl- 1 -octanol, 2-hexyl-l -decanol, 2-octyl-l -dodecyl alcohol, 1 -tetradecanol, 2-tetradecanol, 1 -hexadecanol, 2-hexadecanol, 3,7-dimethyl-l-octanol, 2- propyl-1 -pentanol, 4-methyl-l -pentanol, and mixtures thereof.

[0111] In another non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic amine is selected from the group consisting of benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, hexylamine, methylhexylamine, phenethylamine, octylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, undecylamine, pentadecylamine, 2-methylbutylamine, and mixtures thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic amine is selected from the group consisting of primary amines, secondary amines, and combinations thereof.

[0112] In another non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophobic polyol is selected from the group consisting of 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1, 10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, poly (tetramethylene ether) glycol, poly(tetramethylene carbonate), poly(hexam ethylene carbonate) and castor oil.

[0113] Preferably, the hydrophobic silicon-based compound is selected from the group consisting of aminopropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane, N-ethylaminoisobutyl terminated poly dimethylsiloxane, poly(l,l-dimethylsilazane) telomer, aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monoaminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, (tetramethylpiperidinyloxy)propylmethylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, poly dimethylsiloxane, carbinol (hydroxyl) terminated poly dimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol terminated functional polydimethylsiloxane, [Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine] terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol terminated poly dimethylsiloxane, silanol terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, dodecylmethylsiloxane-hydroxypolyalkyleneoxypropylmethylsiloxane, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the silane is a hydrophilic compound selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylsilanetriol, and mixtures thereof.

[0114] Hydrocarbyl amines are classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary, based on the number of carbon atoms attached to the amine nitrogen atom. For example, the general formula for a primary H-N-H R'_ N-Hamine is , the general formula for a secondary amine is , and the general formulaR'—N-R" for a tertiary amine is it , wherein R, R' and R" stand for different alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or alkaryl groups.

[0115] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-base compound is a compound having the structureor wherein R stands for different alkyl, alkylene, aryl, aralkyl, arylene, and hetero groups functionalized with one or more alcohol or amine group or a combination thereof and n has the value of 1 to 10.

[0116] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-base compound is a siloxane or a silane functionalized with an alcohol, an amine or a combination thereof.

[0117] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-based compound is a linear, branched, saturated, unsaturated, aliphatic, aromatic, monofunctional or multifunctional compound.

[0118] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-based compound is a hydrophobic compound selected from the group consisting of aminopropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane, N- ethylaminoisobutyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, poly(l,l-dimethylsilazane) telomer, aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monoaminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, (tetramethylpiperidinyloxy)propylmethylsiloxane]-dimethylsiloxane copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, carbinol (hydroxyl) terminated poly dimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol terminated functional polydimethylsiloxane, [Bis(hydroxyethyl)amine] terminated poly dimethylsiloxane, silanol terminated polydimethylsiloxane,silanol terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, dodecylmethylsiloxane-hydroxypolyalkyleneoxypropyl methylsiloxane and mixtures thereof.aminopropylmethylsiloxane n-ethylaminoisobutyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane dimethylsiloxane (amino siloxane) (amino siloxane)poly( 1 , 1 -dimethylsilazane) telomer aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (amino siloxane)Monoaminopropylterminated (tetramethylpiperidinyloxy)propylmethylsiloxane]- poly dimethylsiloxane (amino siloxane) dimethylsiloxane copolymerPoly dimethylsiloxane carbinol (hydroxyl) terminated poly dimethylsiloxanemonocarbinol terminated polydimethylsiloxane Monocarbinol terminated functional poly dimethylsiloxane[bis(hydroxyethyl)amine]terminated silanol terminated polydimethylsiloxane polydimethylsiloxanesilanol terminated poly diphenylsiloxane dodecylmethylsiloxanehydroxypolyalkyleneoxypropyl methylsiloxane.

[0119] In one non-limiting embodiment, the silicon-based compound is hydrophilic compound selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3- aminopropylsilanetriol and mixtures thereof.3-aminopropylsilanetriol (silica-based alcohol) n-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylsilanetriol .

[0120] In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophilic moiety is a moiety selected from those of the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted, saturated or unsaturated, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl alcohols and amines, with or without additional heteroatoms, containing from about1 to about 5 carbon atoms; unsubstituted or substituted polyols, wherein the polyols contain from about2 to about 36 carbon atoms and may contain heteroatoms; silanes; and combinations thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophilic alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, methoxypolyethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. In one non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophilic polyol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, sorbitol, neopentyl glycol, eythritol, mannitol, xylitol, threitol, pentaerythritol, beta-cyclodextrin, ribose, 2-deoxygalactose, and mixtures thereof.

[0121] In another non-limiting embodiment, the aforementioned hydrophilic moiety is a moiety selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl alcohols, with or without additional heteroatoms, containing from about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms; unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl amines, with or without additional heteroatoms, containing from about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms; unsubstituted or substituted polyols, with or without additional heteroatoms, containing from about 2 to about 36 carbon atoms; unsubstituted or substituted silanes; and combinationsthereof. In another non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophilic alcohol is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, methoxy polyethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. In another non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophilic polyol is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, sorbitol, neopentylglycol, eythritol, mannitol, xylitol, threitol, pentaerythritol, beta-cyclodextrin, ribose, 2- deoxygalactose, glucosamine, mannosamine, galactosamine, N-methylglucosamine, trimethylolpropane (TMP), tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (THME), and mixtures thereof.

[0122] In another non-limiting embodiment, the hydrophilic amine is selected from the group consisting of diethanolamine, serinol, dimethylamine, and mixtures thereof.

[0123] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present application relates to a composition comprising a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a crosslinking agent, (c) a base, and (d) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof.

[0124] In another non-limiting embodiment, the maleated functionality has been partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety.

[0125] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present application relates to a slurry composition comprising, (i) a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (c) a crosslinking agent and (d) a base; (ii) a dispersed particle; and (iii) a solvent.

[0126] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present application relates to a ceramic coated separator for a battery comprising (A) a ceramic slurry composition comprising, (i) a reaction product of: (a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (c) a crosslinking agent, and (d) a base; (ii) a ceramic particle; and (iii) a solvent, and (B) a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

[0127] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present application relates to a ceramic slurry composition comprising: (i) the reaction product of (a) maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (c) a crosslinking agent, and (d) a base; (ii) a ceramic particle; and (iii) a solvent.

[0128] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present application relates to a battery comprising: a ceramic coated separator for a battery, comprising (A) a ceramic slurry composition comprising (i) a reaction product of: (a) maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality, (b) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, (c) a crosslinking agent, and (d) a base; (ii) a ceramic particle; and (iii) a solvent, and (B) a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

[0129] In another non-limiting embodiment, the present application provides a battery, comprising: at least one ceramic coated separator, at least one cathode, and at least one anode.

[0130] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the invention relates to a method of making a ceramic coated separator, comprising: a) creating a slurry coating on a separator by coating the slurry on the separator by a method selecting from the group consisting of doctor blading, bar coating, slot-die coating, dip coating, spin coating, direct gravure, reverse coating and combinations thereof, b) creating a slurry coating on a separator by drying the slurry coating on the separator by using an energy source selected from the group consisting of heat, ultraviolet (UV), light emitting diode (LED), electron beam (EB) and combinations thereof; and c) conditioning the ceramic coating of step (b) at a temperature.

[0131] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the step of (b) drying the slurry layer on the separator comprises heating the coated separator at a temperature in a range of from about 20 °C to about 80 °C for a time in a range of from about 5 seconds to about 10 minutes.

[0132] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the temperature in a range of from about 21 °C to about 30 °C, from about 31 °C to about 40 °C, from about 41 °C to about 50 °C, from about 51 °C to about 60 °C, from about 61 °C to about 70 °C, from about 71 °C to about 80 °C.

[0133] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the step of (b) drying the slurry layer on the separator comprises heating the coated separator at a temperature in a range of from about 50 °C to about 80 °C for a time in a range of from about 1 minute to about 10 minutes.

[0134] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the step of (c) the slurry layer on the separator is further conditioned at a temperature of up to 100 °C for up to 24 hours.

[0135] In one more non-limiting embodiment, the slurry layer on the separator is further conditioned at a temperature in a range of from about 60 °C to about 80 °C for about 30 minutes.

[0136] Further, certain aspects of the present application are illustrated in detail by way of the following examples. The examples are given herein for illustration of the application and are not intended to be limiting thereof.EXAMPLES

[0137] Example Al : Grafting of maleic anhydride onto soybean oil

[0138] A one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen sparge adapter and mechanical stirrer was charged with 600 g of soybean oil (SBO) and 204 g (3 mole equivalents relative to SBO) of maleic anhydride. The mixture was sparged at room temperature with nitrogen for 15 minutes, heated slowly from room temperature to 210 °C and then held at 210 °C for 6-8 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and liquid chromatography (LC) indicated <0.5% of residual maleic anhydride. Yield of maleated soybean oil (MSBO) was >96%.

[0139] Example A2: Grafting of maleic anhydride onto palm oil

[0140] A one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen sparge adapter and mechanical stirrer was charged with 300 g of palm oil and 36.4 g (1.0 mole equivalent relative to palm oil) of maleic anhydride. The mixture was sparged at room temperature with nitrogen for 15 minutes, heated slowly from room temperature to 210 °C and then held at 210 °C for 6-8 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC indicated <0.5% of residual maleic anhydride. Yield of maleated palm oil was >96%.

[0141] Example A3: Grafting of maleic anhydride onto canola oil

[0142] A one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen sparge adapter and mechanical stirrer was charged with 100 g of canola oil and 22.2 g (2 mole equivalents relative to canola oil) of maleic anhydride. The mixture was sparged at room temperature with nitrogen for 15 minutes, heated slowly from room temperature to 210 °C and then held at 210 °C for 8-10 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC indicated <1% of residual maleic anhydride. Yield of maleated canola oil was >96%.

[0143] Example A4: Grafting of maleic anhydride onto sunflower oil

[0144] A one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen sparge adapter and mechanical stirrer was charged with 100 g of sunflower oil and 22.4 g (2 mole equivalents relative to sunflower oil) of maleic anhydride. The mixture was sparged at room temperature with nitrogen for 15 minutes, heated slowly from room temperature to 210 °C and then held at 210 °C for 8-10 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC indicated <1% of residual maleic anhydride. Yield of maleated sunflower oil was >96%.

[0145] Example A5: Grafting of maleic anhydride onto castor oil

[0146] A one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen sparge adapter and mechanical stirrer was charged with 100 g of castor oil and 21 g (2 mole equivalents relative to castor oil) of maleic anhydride. The mixture was sparged at room temperature with nitrogen for 15 minutes, heated slowly from room temperature to 210 °C and then held at 210 °C for 8-10 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC indicated <1% of residual maleic anhydride. Yield of maleated sunflower oil was >96%.

[0147] Example A6: Grafting of maleic anhydride onto chickpea oil

[0148] A one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen sparge adapter and mechanical stirrer was charged with 100 g of chickpea oil and 38 g (3.4 mole equivalents relative to chickpea oil) of maleic anhydride. The mixture was sparged at room temperature with nitrogen for 15 minutes, heated slowly from room temperature to 210 °C and then held at 210 °C for 10-14 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC indicated <0.5% of residual maleic anhydride. Yield of maleated chickpea oil was >96%.

[0149] Example A7: Grafting of maleic anhydride onto clary sage oil

[0150] A one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen sparge adapter and mechanical stirrer was charged with 100 g of clary sage oil and 51.5 g (3 mole equivalents relative to clary sage oil) of maleic anhydride. The mixture was sparged at room temperature with nitrogen for 15 minutes, heated slowly from room temperature to 210 °C and then held at 210 °C for 8 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR, and LC indicated <0.5% of residual maleic anhydride. Yield of maleated clary sage oil was >96%.

[0151] Example Bl: Maleated soybean oil (MSBO) crosslinked with glycerol

[0152] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter and mechanical stirrer, 160 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 3.16 g (0.24 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield of MSBO crosslinked with glycerol was >96%.

[0153] Example B2: Maleated soybean oil crosslinked with castor oil

[0154] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 32.8 g (0.4 mole equivalent of relative to MSBO) of castor oil were combined, heated to 80 °C and held at 80 °C for 2-6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR, and GC indicated <5% of residual castor oil. Yield of MSBO crosslinked with castor oil was >96%.

[0155] Example B3: Maleated soybean oil crosslinked with castor oil and glycerol

[0156] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter and mechanical stirrer, 75.1 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 24.6 g (0.4 mole equivalent of castor oil relative to MSBO) were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 2 hours. Glycerol (13.35 g, 2.2 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) was added, and heating at 85 °C was continued for 6 hours The amber, viscous crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield of MSBO crosslinked with castor oil and glycerol was >96%.

[0157] Example Cl: Sodium salt of maleated soybean oil crosslinked with glycerol

[0158] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter and mechanical stirrer, 198 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 4.71 g (0.3 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of glycerol were combined, heated to 40 °C and held at 40 °C for 2 hours. The amber liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. Aqueous sodium hydroxide (50%, 13.64 g, 2.0 mole equivalents) were added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 40 °C for 2 hours. Water was added to the viscous mixture to obtain 60% solids solution. The amber liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield of the sodium salt of MSBO crosslinked with glycerol was >98%.

[0159] Example C2: Sodium salt of MSBO crosslinked with castor oil

[0160] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter and mechanical stirrer, 100 g of MSBO crosslinked with castor oil from Example B2 was heated to 85 °C. Water and 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide were added over 60 minutes to create a final solution that was 50 weight % solids, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 4 hours. The amber liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield of the sodium salt of MSBO crosslinked with castor oil was >98%.

[0161] Example C3: Sodium salt of MSBO crosslinked with lysine

[0162] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter and mechanical stirrer, 150 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 5.73 g (0.5 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of lysine were combined, heated to 100 °C and held at 100 °C for 8 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. The mixture was cooled to 50 °C. Water and 30.3 g of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide were added over 60 minutes to create a final solution that was 50 weight % solids, and the mixture was held at 50 °C for 4 hours. The amber liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield of sodium salt of MSBO crosslinked with lysine was >98%.

[0163] Example C4: Sodium salt of MSBO crosslinked with 1 equivalent of diethanolamine

[0164] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 150 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 150 g of water wereheated to 90 °C for 2 h. The mixture was cooled 60 °C and 15.1 g (1 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of diethanolamine diluted in 150 g of water was added over 30-45 minutes. The reaction mixture was held at 60 °C for 4-6 hours. The viscous, biphasic mixture was neutralized by adding 9.5 g (0.9 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of 50 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide over 15 minutes, and the mixture was held at 60 °C for 1-2 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0165] Example C5: Sodium salt of MSBO crosslinked with 2 equivalents of diethanolamine

[0166] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 150 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 150 g of water were heated to 90 °C for 2 h. The mixture was cooled 60 °C and 30.2 g (2 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of diethanolamine diluted in 150 g of water was added over 30-45 minutes. The reaction mixture was held at 60 °C for 4-6 hours. The viscous, biphasic mixture was neutralized by adding 9.5 g (0.9 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of 50 wt% aqueous sodium hydroxide over 15 minutes, and the mixture was held at 60 °C for 1-2 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0167] Example DI: MSBO reacted with ethanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0168] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 160 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 9.2 g (1.4 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of ethanol were combined, heated to 75 °C and held at 75 °C for 6 hours. The mixture was heated to 85 °C, 13.2 g (1.0 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of glycerol was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 6-8 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0169] Example D2: MSBO reacted with ethanol and crosslinked with castor oil

[0170] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 165 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 2.0 g(0.3 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of ethanol were combined, heated to 75 °C and held at 75 °C for 6 hours. The mixture was heated to 85 °C, 40.7 g (0.3 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of castoroil was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 6-8 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0171] Example D3: MSBO crosslinked with castor oil and reacted with ethanol

[0172] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 75 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 25.1 g (0.4 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of castor oil were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 2 hours. Ethanol (6.68 g, 2.2 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6-8 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0173] Example D4: MSBO reacted with 2-ethylhexanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0174] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 181 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 31.1 g (1.5 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of 2-ethylhexanol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (14.7 g, 1.0 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0175] Example D5: MSBO crosslinked with castor oil and reacted with 2-ethylhexanol

[0176] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 49.0 g (0.3 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of castor oil were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR, and GC indicated <5% of residual castor oil. 2-Ethylhexanol (34.4 g, 1.5 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0177] Example D6: MSBO reacted with 2-ethylhexanol and crosslinked with glycerol and castor oil

[0178] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 85 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 14.7 g (1.5 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of 2-ethylhexanol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (3.45g, 0.5 mole equivalent) and castor oil (92.7 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) were added, and the mixture was heated to 90 °C and held at 90 °C for 6 hours. The product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0179] Example D7: MSBO reacted with dodecanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0180] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 48.9 g (1.5 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of dodecanol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (16.1 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. The product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0181] Example D8: MSBO reacted with 2-octyldodecanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0182] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 260 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 97.7 g (1.5 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of 2-octyldodecanol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (20.1 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0183] Example D9: MSBO reacted with 2-octyldodecanol and crosslinked with castor oil

[0184] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 152 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 40.0 g (1.0 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of 2-octyldodecanol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Castor oil (125 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 8 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0185] Example D10: MSBO crosslinked with castor oil and reacted with 2- octyldodecanol

[0186] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 65.52 g (0.4 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of castor oil were combined, heated to 90 °C and held at 90 °C for 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR, and GC indicated <5% of residual castor oil. 2-Octyldodecanol (43.6 g, 1.4 mole equivalents) was added, and the mixture was held at 90 °C for an additional 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0187] Example Dll: MSBO crosslinked with 1,3-propanediol and reacted with 2- octyldodecanol

[0188] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 125 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 3.36 g (0.4 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of 1,3-propanediol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 2 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. 2- Octyl dodecanol (65.8 g, 2 mole equivalents) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0189] Example Dll: MSBO reacted with behenyl alcohol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0190] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 90.8 g (1.5 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of behenyl alcohol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (16.22 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. The product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0191] Example D13: MSBO crosslinked with glycerol and reacted with behenyl alcohol

[0192] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 152 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 5.02 g (0.4 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of glycerol were combined, heated to 100 °C and held at 100 °C for 2 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was adjusted to 90 °C, 93.7 g (2.0 moleequivalents) of behenyl alcohol was added, and the mixture was held at 90 °C for 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.[00193J Example D14: MSBO crosslinked with castor oil and reacted with behenyl alcohol

[0194] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 152 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 50.9 g (0.4 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of castor oil were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 4-6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR, and GC indicated <5% of residual castor oil. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was adjusted to 90 °C, 93.7 g (2.0 mole equivalents) of behenyl alcohol was added, and the mixture was held at 90 °C for 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR.

[0195] Example D15: MSBO reacted with behenyl alcohol and crosslinked with glycerol and castor oil

[0196] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 150 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 69.7 g (1.5 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of behenyl alcohol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (5.60 g, 0.45 mole equivalent) and castor oil (136 g, 0.45 mole equivalent) were added, and the mixture was heated to 110 °C and held at 110 °C for 3 hours. The product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0197] Example D16: MSBO reacted with behenyl alcohol and crosslinked with 1,3- propanediol

[0198] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 150 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 69.1 g (1.5 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of behenyl alcohol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. 1,3 -Propanediol (10.2 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was heated to 100 °C and held at 100 °C for 6 hours. The product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0199] Example D17: MSBO crosslinked with 1,3-propanediol and reacted with behenyl alcohol

[0200] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 150 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 4.08 g (0.4 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of 1,3 -propanediol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 3 hours. Behenyl alcohol (92.1 g, 2.0 mole equivalents) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. The product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0201] Example D18: MSBO reacted with wood sterol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0202] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 104 g (1.5 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of wood sterol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (16.5 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 2 hours. The product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0203] Example D19: MSBO reacted with behenyl alcohol and 2-octyldodecanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0204] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 170 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 64.4 g (1.25 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of behenyl alcohol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. 2-Octyldodecanol (24.6 g, 0.55 mole equivalents) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. Glycerol (12.43 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0205] Example D20: MSBO crosslinked with castor oil and reacted with behenyl alcohol and 2-octyldodecanol

[0206] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 149 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 50.0 g (0.40 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of castor oil were combined, heated to 90 °C and held at 90 °C for 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR, and GC indicated <5% of residual castor oil. Behenyl alcohol (69.1 g, 1.5 mole equivalents) and 2-octyl dodecanol (20.0 g, 0.5 mole equivalent) were added, and the mixture was held at 90 °C for an additional 6 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0207] Example Dll: MSBO reacted with l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone and 2- ethylhexanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0208] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 9.10 g (0.4 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidone (HEP) were combined, heated to 125 °C and held at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was cooled to 85 °C, and 29.8 g (1.3 mole equivalents) of 2-ethylhexanol was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 6 hours. The mixture was heated to 90 °C, 16.2 g (1.0 mole equivalent) of glycerol was added, and the mixture was held at 90 °C for 6 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0209] Example D22: MSBO reacted with HEP and benzyl alcohol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0210] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 167 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 11.0 g (0.6 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of HEP were combined, heated to 125 °C and held at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was cooled to 85 °C, 20.0 g (1.3 mole equivalents) of benzyl alcohol was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (13.1 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0211] Example D23: MSBO reacted with HEP and 1-naphthalenemethanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0212] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 167 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 11.0 g (0.6 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of HEP were combined, heated to 125 °C and held at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was cooled to 85 °C, and 29.2 g (1.3 mole equivalents) of 1-naphthalenemethanol was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (13.1 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0213] Example D24: MSBO reacted with HEP and lauryl alcohol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0214] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 161 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 7.34 g (0.4 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of HEP were combined, heated to 125 °C and held at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was cooled to 85 °C, and 34.4 g (1.3 mole equivalents) of lauryl alcohol was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 6 hours. The mixture was heated to 90 °C, 13.1 g (1.0 mole equivalent) of glycerol was added, and the mixture was held at 90 °C for 6 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0215] Example D25: MSBO reacted with HEP and 2-octyldodecanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0216] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 211 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 9.69 g (0.4 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of HEP were combined, heated to 125 °C and held at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was adjusted to 85 °C, and 72.8 g (1.3 mole equivalents) of 2-octyldodecanol was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (17.3 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.

[0217] Example D26: MSBO reacted with HEP and behenyl alcohol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0218] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 151 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 6.87 g (0.4 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) of HEP were combined, heated to 125 °C and held at 125 °C for 8 hours. The mixture was cooled to 85 °C, and 59.4 g (1.3 mole equivalents) of behenyl alcohol was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 6 hours. The mixture was heated to 90 °C, 12.24 g(1 .0 mole equivalent) of glycerol was added, and the mixture was held at 90 °C for 6 hours. The amber, viscous product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >96%.[00219J Example El: Sodium salt of MSBO reacted with 1-hexanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0220] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 26.8 g (1.5 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of 1-hexanol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. Glycerol (16.1 g, 1.0 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6 hours. Aqueous sodium hydroxide (50 wt%, 10.5 g, 0.75 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 4 hours. The amber, liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >98 %.

[0221] Example E2: Sodium salt of MSBO reacted with 2-ethylhexanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0222] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter and mechanical stirrer, 98.9 g of MSBO reacted with 2-ethylhexanol and crosslinked with glycerol, made according to Example D4, was heated to 85 °C, 4.16 g (0.75 mole equivalent) of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 4 hours. The amber, liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >98 %.

[0223] Example E3: Sodium salt of MSBO crosslinked with castor oil and reacted with 2- ethylhexanol

[0224] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter and mechanical stirrer, the MSBO crosslinked with castor oil and reacted with 2-ethylhexanol of Example D4 was heated to 85 °C, 10.6 g of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide (0.75 mole equivalent) was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 4 hours. The amber, liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >98 %.

[0225] Example E4: Sodium salt of MSBO reacted with 2-ethylhexanol and crosslinked with glycerol and castor oil[00226J In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter and mechanical stirrer, the MSBO reacted with 2-ethylhexanol and crosslinked with glycerol and castor oil of Example D5 was heated to 85 °C, 4.50 g (0.75 mole equivalent) of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 4 hours. The amber, liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >98 %.[00227J Example E5: Sodium salt of MSBO reacted with dodecanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0228] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter and mechanical stirrer, the MSBO reacted with dodecanol and crosslinked with glycerol of Example D6 was heated to 85 °C, 10.50 g (0.75 mole equivalent) of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 4 hours. The amber, liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >98 %.

[0229] Example E6: Sodium salt of MSBO reacted with 2-octyldodecanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0230] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter and mechanical stirrer, the MSBO reacted with 2-octyldodecanol and crosslinked with glycerol of Example D7 was heated to 85 °C, 13.1 g (0.75 mole equivalent) of 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 4 hours. The amber, liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >98 %.

[0231] Example E7: Sodium salt of MSBO reacted with eicosanol and crosslinked with glycerol

[0232] In a one liter, 4-neck kettle equipped with a thermocouple, condenser, nitrogen adapter, and mechanical stirrer, 200 g of MSBO made according to Example Al and 78.4 g (1.5 mole equivalents relative to MSBO) of eicosanol were combined, heated to 85 °C and held at 85 °C for 8 hours. The amber, viscous, crosslinked product was characterized by NMR and IR. Glycerol (10.5 g, 1.0 mole equivalent) was added, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for an additional 6hours. Aqueous sodium hydroxide (50 wt%, 10.5 g, 0.75 mole equivalent relative to MSBO) was added over 30 minutes, and the mixture was held at 85 °C for 4 hours. The amber, liquid product was characterized by NMR and IR. Yield was >98 %.

[0233] Slurry Preparation and Separator Characteristics:

[0234] Ashland Soteras™ CCS-A and deionized water were mixed for several minutes at 900 rpm. Ceramic particles were added, and the slurry was mixed at 1500 rpm for 1 hour. A 10 wt% aqueous solution of Soteras™ CCS-B was added by dropper, and the slurry was mixed for 5 minutes. A 10 wt% aqueous solution of dispersant was added to the slurry by dropper, and the slurry was mixed a further 30 minutes. Ambergum™ 1221 (Ashland, Inc., Wilmington, DE) was used as a comparative dispersant.

[0235] The slurry viscosity was measured by Brookfield viscometer, LV type, at 25 °C. The viscosity of the slurry was reduced by adding the dispersant.

[0236] Using a drawdown bar, the slurry was spread on a sheet of polyolefin separator film to form an even, uniform coating of ceramic layer. The coated film was cured in an oven at 60 °C for 1 minute. The cured film was removed from the oven and cooled to room temperature.

[0237] Gurley Porosity Test:

[0238] Gurley equipment was used to determine the air permeability of coated polyolefin films and the pristine, uncoated film. The Gurley number expresses the time required for 100 mL of air to pass through a specific area of separator. The time differences between the coated films (usually longer) and a blank, uncoated polyolefin film were determined.

[0239] Gurley porosity measurements of the ceramic coated separators were measured using a Gurley densometer from TMI Machine, Inc. (New Castle, DE). Gurley increment results are presented as a percentage, an ideal Gurley increment measurement is no change (0%) compared to Gurley porosity measurement of a blank polyolefin substrate.

[0240] Thermal Shrinkage:

[0241] Ceramic -coated separators were heated at 150 °C for 1 hour in an air-convention oven. After 1 hour, the separator squares were examined and measured for thermal shrinkage. For shrinkage, the lower the number, the better the results.

[0242] The viscosity, Gurley increment, and Thermal shrinkage of the slurries were measured and listed in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3. These unexpected properties indicate that ceramic coated separators are very useful in the field of Li-ion batteries.

[0243] Table 1. Slurries of Boehmite APYRAL® AOH 60 (Nabaltec AG, Germany):

[0244] Table 2. Slurries of Boehmite BG-611 (Estone, China):

[0245] Table 3. Slurries of Alumina (AI2O3) SAO-035 EQ (Sinocera, China):

[0246] While the compositions and methods of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept(s) have been described in terms of particular aspects, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and / or methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept(s). All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the disclosed and / or claimed inventive concept(s).

Claims

We Claim:

1. A reaction product of :(a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality,(b) a crosslinking agent, and(c) a base.

2. The reaction product according to claim 1, wherein the maleated functionality is fully or partially reacted with the base.

3. The reaction product according to claim 1, wherein the maleated natural oil is selected from the group consisting of maleated avocado oils, maleated coconut oils, maleated corn oils, maleated cottonseed oils, maleated jojoba oils, maleated linseed oils, maleated nut oils, maleated olive oils, maleated palm oils, maleated raisin oils, maleated rapeseed oils, maleated safflower oils, maleated sesame oils, maleated soybean oils, maleated squash oils, maleated sunflower oils, maleated almond oils, maleated canola oils, maleated flaxseed oils, maleated grapeseed oils, maleated palm kernel oils, maleated peanut oils, maleated walnut oils, maleated clary sage oils, maleated chickpea oils and mixture thereof.

4. The reaction product according to claim 3, wherein the maleated natural oil is a maleated soybean oil.

5. The reaction product according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of a polyol, a polyamine, an amino alcohol, an amino polyol and a polyamino alcohol.

6. The reaction product according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of(a) a polyol: a diol, a triol, a tetraol, a pentaol, and a hexaol;(b) a polyamine: a diamine, a triamine, a tetramine, a pentamine and a hexamine; and(c) an amino polyol: an amino diol, an amino triol, an amino tetranol, and an amino pentanol.

7. The reaction product according to claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of:(a) a diol: ethylene glycol, 1,3 -propanediol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2- butylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,2-pentylene glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,8- octanediol, 1,2-octanediol, an ethoxylate of one of the aforementioned diols and a propoxylate of one of the aforementioned diols;(b) a triol: glycerol, 1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolpropane, castor oil, an ethoxylate of one of the aforementioned triols and a propoxylate of one of the aforementioned triols;(c) a tetraol: erythritol, threitol, diglycerol, pentaerythritol, an ethoxylate of one of the aforementioned tetraols and a propoxylate of one of the aforementioned tetraols;(d) a pentaol: xylitol, ribitol, arabitol, tri glycerol, an ethoxylate of one of the aforementioned pentaols and a propoxylate of one of the aforementioned pentaols;(e) a hexaol: sorbitol, mannitol, galactitol, talitol, allitol, iditol, tetraglycerol, an ethoxylate of one of the aforementioned hexaols and a propoxylate of one of the aforementioned hexaols;(f) a diamine: ethylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, piperazine, N- aminoethylpiperazine, isophoronediamine, xylenediamine, phenylenediamine, 4,4'- methylenedicyclohexanamine, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine), diglucosamine and lysine;(g) a triamine: diethylenetriamine, triglucosamine, dilysine;(h) a tretramine: triethylenetetramine; and(i) an aminopolyol: serinol, 3-amino-l,2-propanediol, 2-amino- 1,4-butanediol and 2- ami no- 1 , 5 -pentanedi ol .

8. The reaction product according to claim 1, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of inorganic bases, organic bases, and mixtures thereof.

9. The reaction product according to claim 8, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkalimetals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bi carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

10. The reaction product according to claim 9, wherein the alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and mixtures thereof.

11. The reaction product according to claim 9, wherein the alkaline earth metal is selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, and mixtures thereof.

12. The reaction product according to claim 9, wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg), rutherfordium (Rf), dubnium (Db), seaborgium (Sg), bohrium (Bh), hassium (Hs), meitnerium (Mt), darmstadtium (Ds) and roentgenium (Rg), and mixtures thereof.

13. The reaction product according to claim 8, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and combinations thereof.

14. The reaction product according to claim 8, wherein the organic base is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

15. The reaction product according to claim 1, wherein the reaction product comprises a structure:wherein R1is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic, saturated, unsaturated, aryl or alkaryl hydrocarbyl group containing 2 to 60 carbon atoms and, optionally, oxa, aza, ester or amide groups; X1and X2are, independently, -O- or -NH-; Y is -OH or -X2-R1-X1H; y + z > 2; and z = 0 or 1.wherein x = 0 or l; x + + z > 2; and z = 0 or 1.

17. A composition comprising a reaction product of:(a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality,(b) a crosslinking agent, and(c) a base.

18. The composition according to claim 17, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of skin care compositions, oral care compositions, hair care compositions, energy compositions, battery compositions, construction compositions, biocidal compositions, preservative compositions, nutraceutical compositions, food compositions, agriculturalcompositions, coating compositions, cosmetic compositions, homecare compositions, industrial and institutional compositions, metal working compositions, textile compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, slurry composition, and disinfecting compositions.

19. A slurry composition, comprising:(a) the reaction product of claim 1 as a dispersant;(b) a dispersed particle; and(c) a solvent.

20. The slurry composition according to claim 19, wherein the dispersed particle is selected from the group consisting of alumina, alumina oxide hydroxide, SiCh, BaSCh, TiCh, SnCh, CeCh, ZrCh, BaTiCh, Y2O3, B2O3, carbon nanotube, ZnO, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconate (Al -doped LLZO), and combinations thereof.

21. The slurry composition according to claim 19, wherein the dispersed particle is in powder form.

22. The slurry composition according to claim 19, wherein the dispersed particle has a particle size distribution such that the d50 is in a range of from about 0.05 pm to about 50 pm.

23. The slurry composition of claim 19, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols; phenols; acetates; ketones; ethylene glycols; propylene glycols; amides; pyrrolidones; hydroxyesters; sulfoxides; lactones; anilines; hydrocarbons; halogenated solvents; aromatic solvents; glycol esters and combinations thereof.

24. The slurry composition of claim 19, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butanol, terpineol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N- ethylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, gamma-butyrolactone, lactic acid methyl ester, lactic acid ethyl ester, P-methoxyisobutyric acid methyl ester, a-hydroxyisobutyric acid methyl ester, aniline,N-methylaniline, hexane, chloroform, toluene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate and combinations thereof.

25. A ceramic slurry composition, comprising:(a) the reaction product of claim 1 as a dispersant;(b) a ceramic particle; and(c) a solvent.

26. The ceramic slurry composition according to claim 25, wherein the ceramic particle is selected from the group consisting of alumina, alumina oxide hydroxide, SiCh, BaSC , TiCh, SnCh, CeCh, ZrCh, BaTiCh, Y2O3, B2O3, ZnO, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconate (Aldoped LLZO), and combinations thereof.

27. The ceramic slurry composition according to claim 25, wherein the dispersed particle is in powder form.

28. The ceramic slurry composition according to claim 25, wherein the dispersed particle has a particle size distribution such that the d50 is in a range of from about 0.05 pm to about 50 pm.

29. The ceramic slurry composition of claim 25, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols; phenols; acetates; ketones; ethylene glycols; propylene glycols; amides; pyrrolidones; hydroxyesters; sulfoxides; lactones; anilines; hydrocarbons; halogenated solvents; aromatic solvents; glycol esters and combinations thereof.

30. The ceramic slurry composition of claim 25, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butanol, terpineol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N-ethylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, gamma-butyrolactone, lactic acid methyl ester, lactic acid ethyl ester, -methoxyisobutyric acid methyl ester, a-hydroxyisobutyric acid methylester, aniline, N-methyl aniline, hexane, chloroform, toluene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate and combinations thereof.

31. A ceramic coated separator for a battery, comprising:(a) the ceramic slurry composition of claim 25; and(b) a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

32. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 31, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is coated on at least one surface of the separator, forming a coating thereon.

33. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 31, wherein the separator comprises a polyolefin.

34. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 33, wherein the polyolefin is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and combinations thereof.

35. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 31 , wherein the separator has been pre-treated by at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of: corona treatment, atmospheric plasma treatment, flame plasma treatment, chemical plasma treatment, ozone treatment, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) treatment, and treatment with polydopamine.

36. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 32, wherein the coating is uniformly distributed on the separator.

37. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 32, wherein the coating has a mean thickness in a range of from about 1 to about 5pm.

38. An energy storage device, comprising the ceramic coated separator of claim 31, wherein the energy storage device is selected from the group consisting of a fuel cell, an electrochemical cell, a battery, and a capacitor.

39. A battery, comprising the ceramic coated separator according to claim 31.

40. A battery, comprising:(a) at least one ceramic coated separator according to claim 31 ,(b) at least one cathode, and(c) at least one anode.

41. A method of making a ceramic coated separator, comprising:(a) creating a ceramic slurry coating on a separator by coating the ceramic slurry composition of claim 25 on a separator by a method selected from the group consisting of doctor blading, bar coating, slot-die coating, dip coating, spin coating, direct gravure, reverse coating and combinations thereof;(b) creating a ceramic coating on the separator by drying the ceramic slurry coating of step (a) on the separator by using an energy source selected from the group consisting of heat, ultraviolet (UV), light emitting diode (LED), electron beam (EB) and combinations thereof; and(c) conditioning the ceramic coating of step (b) at a temperature.

42. The method of making a ceramic coated separator according to claim 41, wherein the step of (b) drying the slurry layer on the separator comprises heating the coated separator at a temperature in a range of from about 20 °C to about 80 °C for a time in a range of from about 5 seconds to about 10 minutes.

43. The method of making a ceramic coated separator according to claim 41, wherein the step of (b) drying the slurry layer on the separator comprises heating the coated separator at a temperature in a range of from about 50 °C to about 80 °C for a time in a range of from about 1 minute to about 10 minutes.

44. The method of making a ceramic coated separator according to claim 41, wherein the step of (c) conditioning the ceramic coating is conducted at a temperature of up to 100 °C for up to 24 hours.

45. The method of making a ceramic coated separator according to claim 41, wherein the step of (c) conditioning the ceramic coating is conducted at a temperature in a range of from about 60 °C to about 80 °C for about 30 minutes.

46. A reaction product of:(a) a maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality,(b) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof; wherein the maleated functionality has been partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety,(c) a crosslinking agent, and(d) a base.

47. The reaction product according to claim 46, wherein the hydrophobic moiety is a moiety selected from those of the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl alcohols and amines, wherein the alcohols and amines contain from about 6 to about 36 carbon atoms; unsubstituted or substituted polyols, with or without additional heteroatoms, containing from about 37 to about 60 carbon atoms; silicon-based compounds; and combinations thereof.

48. The reaction product according to claim 46, wherein the hydrophilic moiety is a moiety selected from those of the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl alcohols and amines, wherein the alcohols and amines contain from about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms and may contain additional heteroatoms; unsubstituted or substituted polyols, wherein the unsubstituted or substituted polyols contain from about 2 to about 36 carbon atoms and may contain additional heteroatoms; poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ethers (mPEGs) containing from 5 to 45 carbon atoms; silanes; and combinations thereof.

49. The reaction product according to claim 48, wherein the silane is functionalized with an alcohol, an amine, or combinations thereof.

50. The reaction product according to claim 47, wherein the hydrophobic moiety is that of an alcohol selected from the group consisting of hexanol, heptanol, nonanol, decanol, dodecanol, phenol, ethylbenzyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-l -hexanol, 1 -octanol, 2-octanol, 2-butyl-l -octanol, 2-hexyl-l -decanol, 2-octyl-l -dodecyl alcohol, 1 -tetradecanol, 2-tetradecanol, 1- hexadecanol, 2-hexadecanol, 1 -octadecanol, behenyl alcohol, 3,7-dimethyl-l-octanol, 2-propyl-l- pentanol, 4-methyl-l -pentanol, and mixtures thereof.

51. The reaction product according to claim 48, wherein the hydrophilic moiety is that of an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, and mixtures thereof.

52. The reaction product according to claim 48, wherein the hydrophilic moiety is that of a polyol selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, dibutylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, sorbitol, neopentylglycol, eythritol, mannitol, xylitol, threitol, pentaerythritol, betacyclodextrin, ribose, 2-deoxygalactose, glucosamine, mannosamine, galactosamine, N- methylglucosamine, and mixtures thereof.

53. The reaction product according to claim 47, wherein the hydrophobic moiety is that of an amine selected from the group consisting of benzylamine, cyclohexylamine, hexylamine, methylhexylamine, phenethylamine, octylamine, oleylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, undecylamine, pentadecylamine, and mixtures thereof.

54. The reaction product according to claim 48, wherein the hydrophilic moiety is that of an amine selected from the group consisting of 2-methylpentane-l,5-diamine, diethanolamine, serinol, 2-amino-2-ethyl-l,3-propanediol, dimethylamine, 2-methylbutylamine, 3-amino-l- propanol, their hydrochloride salts, their ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof.

55. The reaction product according to claim 47, wherein the silicon based compound is a hydrophobic compound selected from the group consisting of aminopropylmethylsiloxanedimethylsiloxane, N-ethyl aminoisobutyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, poly(l, l- dimethylsilazane) telomer, aminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monoaminopropyl terminated poly dimethylsiloxane, (tetramethylpiperidinyloxy)propylmethylsiloxane]- dimethylsiloxane copolymer, polydimethylsiloxane, carbinol (hydroxyl) terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol terminated polydimethylsiloxane, monocarbinol terminated functional polydimethylsiloxane, [bis(hydroxyethyl)amine] terminated polydimethylsiloxane,silanol terminated polydimethylsiloxane, silanol terminated polydiphenylsiloxane, dodecylmethylsiloxane-hydroxypolyalkyleneoxypropyl methylsiloxane, and mixtures thereof.

56. The reaction product according to claim 48, wherein the silane is a hydrophilic compound selected from the group consisting of 3-aminopropylsilanetriol, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3- aminopropylsilanetriol, and mixtures thereof.

57. The reaction product according to claim 46, wherein the maleated natural oil is selected from the group consisting of maleated avocado oils, maleated coconut oils, maleated corn oils, maleated cottonseed oils, maleated jojoba oils, maleated linseed oils, maleated nut oils, maleated olive oils, maleated palm oils, maleated raisin oils, maleated rapeseed oils, maleated safflower oils, maleated sesame oils, maleated soybean oils, maleated squash oils, maleated sunflower oils, maleated almond oils, maleated canola oils, maleated flaxseed oils, maleated grapeseed oils, maleated palm kernel oils, maleated peanut oils, maleated walnut oils, maleated chickpea oils, maleated clary sage oils and mixture thereof.

58. The reaction product according to claim 57, wherein the maleated natural oil is a maleated soybean oil.

59. The reaction product according to claim 46, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of a polyol, a polyamine, an amino alcohol, an amino polyol and a polyamino alcohol.

60. The reaction product according to claim 46, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of: a) a polyol: a diol, a triol, a tetraol, a pentaol, and a hexaol; b) a polyamine: a diamine, a triamine, a tetramine, a pentamine and a hexamine; and c) an amino polyol: an amino diol, an amino triol, an amino tetraol, and an amino pentaol.

61. The reaction product according to claim 46, wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of: a) a triol: glycerol and castor oil; andb) a diamine: lysine.

62. The reaction product according to claim 46, wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of inorganic bases, organic bases, and mixtures thereof.

63. The reaction product according to claim 62, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, bicarbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxides of transition metals, hydroxides of transition metals, carbonates of transition metals, bicarbonates of transition metals, and combinations thereof.

64. The reaction product according to claim 63, wherein the alkali metal is selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, francium, and mixtures thereof.

65. The reaction product according to claim 63, wherein the alkaline earth metal is selected from the group consisting of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, and mixtures thereof.

66. The reaction product according to claim 63, wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of scandium (Sc), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), yttrium (Y), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), technetium (Tc), ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), rhenium (Re), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), mercury (Hg), rutherfordium (Rf), dubnium (Db), seaborgium (Sg), bohrium (Bh), hassium (Hs), meitnerium (Mt), darmstadtium (Ds) and roentgenium (Rg), and mixtures thereof.

67. The reaction product according to claim 62, wherein the inorganic base is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and combinations thereof.

68. The reaction product according to claim 62, wherein the organic base is selected from the group consisting of ammonia, primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, histidine, guanidine, and mixtures thereof.

69. The reaction product according to claim 46, wherein the reaction product comprises a structure:wherein R1is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic, saturated, unsaturated, aryl or alkaryl hydrocarbyl group containing 2 to 60 carbon atoms and, optionally, oxa, aza, ester or amide groups; X1and X2are, independently, -O- or -NH-; Y is -OH or -X2-R1-X1H; y + z > 2; and z = 0 or 1 .

70. The reaction product according to claim 46, wherein the reaction product71 . A composition comprising, a reaction product of:(a) maleated natural oil, comprising a natural oil with maleated functionality,(b) a functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety selected from the group consisting of hydrophobic moieties, hydrophilic moieties, and combinations thereof, wherein the maleated functionality has been partially reacted with the functionalized or unfunctionalized moiety,(c) a crosslinking agent, and(d) a base.

72. The composition according to claim 71, wherein the composition is selected from the group consisting of skin care compositions, oral care compositions, hair care compositions, energy compositions, battery compositions, construction compositions, biocidal compositions, preservative compositions, nutraceutical compositions, food compositions, agricultural compositions, coating compositions, cosmetic compositions, homecare compositions, industrial and institutional compositions, metal working compositions, textile compositions, laundry compositions, cleaning compositions, slurry composition, and disinfecting compositions.

73. A slurry composition, comprising:(i) the reaction product of claim 46 as a dispersant;(ii) a dispersed particle; and(iii) a solvent.

74. The slurry composition according to claim 73, wherein the dispersed particle is selected from the group consisting of alumina, alumina oxide hydroxide, SiCh, BaSC , TiCh, SnCh, CeCh, ZrO2, BaTiCh, Y2O3, B2O3, carbon nanotube, ZnO, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconate (Al-doped LLZO), and combinations thereof.

75. The slurry composition according to claim 73, wherein the dispersed particle is in powder form.

76. The slurry composition according to claim 73, wherein the dispersed particle has a particle size distribution such that the d50 is in a range of from about 0.05 pm to about 50 pm.

77. The slurry composition of claim 73, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols; phenols; acetates; ketones; ethylene glycols; propylene glycols; amides; pyrrolidones; hydroxyesters; sulfoxides; lactones; anilines; hydrocarbons; halogenated solvents; aromatic solvents; glycol esters and combinations thereof.

78. The slurry composition of claim 73, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butanol, terpineol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N- ethylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, gamma-butyrolactone, lactic acid methyl ester, lactic acid ethyl ester, P-methoxyisobutyric acid methyl ester, a-hydroxyisobutyric acid methyl ester, aniline, N-methylaniline, hexane, chloroform, toluene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl acetoacetate and combinations thereof.

79. A ceramic slurry composition, comprising:(i) the reaction product of claim 46 as a dispersant;(ii) a ceramic particle; and(iii) a solvent.

80. The ceramic slurry composition according to claim 79, wherein the ceramic particle is selected from the group consisting of alumina, alumina oxide hydroxide, SiCh, BaSC , TiCh, SnCh, CeCh, ZrCh, BaTiCh, Y2O3, B2O3, ZnO, aluminum-doped lithium lanthanum zirconate (Aldoped LLZO), and combinations thereof.

81. The ceramic slurry composition according to claim 79, wherein the dispersed particle is in powder form.

82. The ceramic slurry composition according to claim 79, wherein the dispersed particle has a particle size distribution such that the d50 is in a range of from about 0.05 pm to about 50 pm.

83. The ceramic slurry composition of claim 79, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of alcohols; phenols; acetates; ketones; ethylene glycols; propylene glycols; amides; pyrrolidones; hydroxyesters; sulfoxides; lactones; anilines; hydrocarbons; halogenated solvents; aromatic solvents; glycol esters and combinations thereof.

84. The ceramic slurry composition of claim 79, wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butanol, terpineol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl isobutyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol propyl ether, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N-ethylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, gamma-butyrolactone, lactic acid methyl ester, lactic acid ethyl ester, 0-m ethoxyisobutyric acid methyl ester, a-hydroxyisobutyric acid methyl ester, aniline, N-methylaniline, hexane, chloroform, toluene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl acetoacetate and combinations thereof.

85. A ceramic coated separator for a battery, comprising:- the ceramic slurry composition of claim 79, and- a separator, wherein the ceramic slurry composition is in contact with at least a portion of the separator.

86. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 85, wherein the slurry composition is coated on at least one surface of the separator forming a coating thereon.

87. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 85, wherein the separator comprises a polyolefin.

88. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 85, wherein the polyolefin is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene, and combinations thereof.

89. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 85, wherein the separator has been pre-treated by at least one treatment selected from the group consisting of: corona treatment,atmospheric plasma treatment, flame plasma treatment, chemical plasma treatment, ozone treatment, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) treatment, and treatment with polydopamine.

90. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 86, wherein the coating is uniformly distributed on the separator.

91. The ceramic coated separator according to claim 86, wherein the coating has a mean thickness in a range of from about 1 to about 5pm.

92. An energy storage device, comprising the ceramic coated separator of claim 85, wherein the energy storage device is selected from the group consisting of a fuel cell, electrochemical cell, battery, and a capacitor.

93. A battery, comprising the ceramic coated separator according to claim 85.

94. A battery, comprising:- at least one ceramic coated separator according to claim 85,- at least one cathode, and- at least one anode.

95. A method of making a ceramic coated separator, comprising: a) creating a ceramic slurry coating on a separator by coating the ceramic slurry composition of claim 79 on a separator by a method selected from the group consisting of doctor blading, bar coating, slot-die coating, dip coating, spin coating, direct gravure, reverse coating and combinations thereof. b) creating a ceramic coating on the separator by drying the ceramic slurry coating of step (a) on the separator by using an energy source selected from the group consisting of heat, ultraviolet (UV), light emitting diode (LED), electron beam (EB) and combinations thereof; and c) conditioning the ceramic coating of step (b) at a temperature.

96. The method of making a ceramic coated separator according to claim 95, wherein the step of (b) drying the slurry layer on the separator comprises heating the coated separator at a temperature in a range of from about 20 °C to about 80 °C for a time in a range of from about 5 seconds to about 10 minutes.

97. The method of making a ceramic coated separator according to claim 95, wherein the step of (b) drying the slurry layer on the separator comprises heating the coated separator at a temperature in a range of from about 50 °C to about 80 °C for a time in a range of from about 1 minute to about 10 minutes.98 The method of making a ceramic coated separator according to claim 95, wherein the step of (c) conditioning the ceramic coating is conducted at a temperature of up to 100 °C for up to 24 hours.

99. The method of making a ceramic coated separator according to claim 95, wherein the step of (c) conditioning the ceramic coating is conducted at a temperature in a range of from about 60 °C to about 80 °C for about 30 minutes.

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