Switching circuit
The switching circuit addresses the inefficiency of conventional IC switches by using two power switches from an integrated circuit to create an anti-reflow switching device, achieving effective reverse current protection and efficient operation with inductive loads.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/119100
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-09-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-20
AI Technical Summary
Conventional integrated circuit (IC) switches lack reverse current protection due to the natural positive bias of the body diode, making them inefficient in preventing current reflow, especially when the switched load is inductive.
The proposed switching circuit utilizes two power switches from an integrated circuit to create an anti-reflow switching device, where the integrated circuit includes MOSFETs and a control circuit to manage the flow of current between terminals, with optional Zener diodes for overvoltage protection.
This solution effectively reduces the size of anti-reflow switching devices without requiring a specific integrated component, providing robust reverse current protection and efficient operation even with inductive loads.
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Figure CN2023119100_20032025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Switching circuitDESCRIPTIONTechnical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a switching circuit and more particularly to switching circuit preventing a reflow of current.Background Art
[0002] MOSFETs are currently used in power switches. For preventing a reverse current due to the body diode existing between the source and the drain, it is known to mount two MOSFETs back-to-back in such a way the current can flow through the channels of the two MOSFETs only when they are controlled to be turned ON. P-channel MOSFETs are easy to use because of the negative gate polarization but P-Channel MOSFETs are less conductive and more expensive than N-channel MOSFETs. N-Channel MOSFETs need to have additional control circuit for controlling the gates of the MOSFETs with an appropriate voltage which need more components.
[0003] Integrated circuits (ICs) can provide power switches connecting an output to the power supply of the IC through a N-Channel MOSFET. Several switches can be integrated in parallel in the same chip. However, the conventional IC integrated switches cannot provide reverse current protection because the body diode is naturally positive bias to the power supply. Therefore, such switches are not efficient in preventing a reflow of current that can occur when the switched load is of inductive type.Summary of the Invention
[0004] The invention diverts the normal use of power switches of an integrated circuit for making an anti-reflow switching device using the output MOSFETs of two power switches. Such a solution enables to strongly reduce the size of an anti-reflow switching device without designing a specific integrated component. The invention provides a switching circuit comprising a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal configured to receive a control signal for controlling an electric connection between the first and the second terminals wherein the switching circuit comprises an integrated circuit including at least:
[0005] - a power supply terminal,
[0006] - a first output terminal and a second output terminal,
[0007] - a first control terminal and a second control terminal,
[0008] - a ground terminal connected to ground voltage,
[0009] - a first MOSFET and a second MOSFET, each of the first and second MOSFETs having a drain, a source and a gate, the source of the first and second MOSFETs being connected to the power supply terminal, the drain of the first MOSFET being connected to the first output terminal and to the first terminal, the source of the second MOSFET being connected to the second output terminal and to the second terminal, and
[0010] - a control circuit having a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, the first and second inputs being connected to the first and second control terminals and to the control terminal, the first and second outputs being connected to the gates of the first and second MOSFETs (211, 212) , the control circuit (213) controlling the gates of said MOSFET (211, 212) as a function of the control signal.
[0011] When the integrated circuit is not sufficiently protected against over voltage, the switching circuit can further comprise a first Zener diode connected in parallel between the first output terminal and the second output terminal. For the same reason, the switching circuit can further comprise a second Zener diode connected in parallel between the first output terminal and a ground voltage.
[0012] Preferentially, when the first terminal is connected to a battery, a threshold of the second Zener diode must be higher than nominal voltage of the battery (100) .
[0013] When the second terminal is connected to a circuit having an inductive input, the threshold of the first Zener diode can be equal to the maximum voltage for supplying the integrated circuit minus the nominal voltage of the battery.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the power supply terminal can be connected to ground voltage through a capacitor, said capacitor being charged either through the first terminal or the second terminal.
[0015] The invention being particularly interesting for automotive application, the invention also provides an automotive lighting device comprising light emitting diodes connected to a LED driver intended to be powered by a battery of an automotive vehicle. The automotive lighting device comprises a switching circuit according to the invention, the switching circuit being connected between the battery and the LED driver, the first terminal being intended to be connected to the battery, and the second terminal being connected to the LED driver.
[0016] Preferably, the switching circuit and the LED driver are integrated on the same printed circuit board.
[0017] According to another aspect, the invention provides a printed circuit board of an automotive lighting device comprising a LED driver and a switching circuit according to the invention, wherein the switching circuit is connected to the LED driver and is intended to be connected to a battery.Brief description of the Drawings
[0018] The invention will be detailed with reference to the annexed drawings in which:
[0019] Figure 1 a block diagram showing a circuit including the invention, and Figure 2 is an electric diagram detailing a preferred embodiment of the invention.
[0020] Detailed Description of the invention
[0021] Figure 1 illustrates an electric circuit in which a switching circuit according to the invention is used. The circuit of figure 1 comprises a battery 100, a switching circuit 200, a DC / DC converter 300 and a load 400. Such a circuit can be used in numerous applications.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the electric circuit of figure 1 is the electric circuit of a lighting device of an automotive vehicle. The battery 100 can be a 12V battery for accessories of the automotive vehicle. The load 400 can be LEDs forming the light source of a headlamp of the automotive vehicle. The DC / DC converter 300 can be a LED driver 300, for example a boost converter providing a controlled DC current which uses inductances. The switching circuit 200, the LED driver 300 and the LEDs 400 can be integrated in a housing 500 forming the lighting device. The switching circuit 200 can also be integrated on the same printed circuit board 350.
[0023] Figure 2 details the switching circuit 200 of the invention. The switching circuit comprises a first terminal 200A, a second terminal 200B and a control terminal 200C. The first terminal 200A may be configured to receive power supply as input from the battery 100. The control terminal 200C receives a control signal for controlling an electric connection between the first and the second terminals 200A and 200B. Figure 2 shows the input of the DC / DC converter 300 connected to the second terminal 200B which, as an example, comprises an inductance 310 serially mounted with a switch 320. The first input 200A is connected to the battery 100 shown on figure 1.
[0024] The switching circuit 200 mainly comprises an integrated circuit 210 which is an integrated multichannel power switch intended to switch at least two outputs for providing or not a current from a power supply of said integrated circuit. As an example, such an integrated circuit can be the IC manufactured and sold by Texas Instrument under the reference TPS2HB16-Q1, but it could be any other component having the characteristics details hereunder.
[0025] The integrated circuit 210 comprises a power supply terminal 210A and a ground terminal 210F intended to supply power to the integrated circuit 210. The integrated circuit comprises a first output terminal 210B and a second output terminal 210C, the first and second output terminals 210B and 210C corresponds respectively to the source of a first and a second MOSFETs 211 and 212 located inside the integrated circuit 210. The drains of the first and second MOSFETs 211 and 212 are both connected to the power supply terminal 210A. The gates of the first and second MOSFETs 211 and 212 are connected to an internal control circuit 213. The integrated circuit 210 further comprises a first control terminal 210D and a second control terminal 210E connected to the internal control circuit 213. In an example embodiment, the MOSFETs can be n-Channel MOSFETs. The internal control circuit 210 provides electric signals to the gates of the first and second MOSFETs 211 and 212 in response to the signals received by the first and second control terminals 210D and 210E. According to the invention, the first output terminal 210B is connected to the first terminal 200A and the second output terminal 210C is connected to the second terminal 200B. The power supply terminal 210A is floating while the ground terminal 200F is connected to the ground. The power supply of the integrated circuit 210 is made through the parasitic diode of one of the first and second MOSFETs 211 and 212. The first and second control terminals 210D and 210E are connected to the control terminal 200C for receiving a same control signal. Such connection transforms the integrated circuit 210 into a switch having two back-to-back MOSFETs controlled simultaneously by the control signal but the control circuit and the MOSFETs are parts of the integrated circuit 210 which is smaller than having two discrete MOSFETs and a control circuit.
[0026] In normal use, output voltage of the battery 100 is higher than the voltage at the input of the DC / DC converter. The parasitic diode of the first MOSFET 211 is conducting and the integrated circuit 210 is power by the battery. When the control signal is triggering the switch to be on-state, the control circuit provides a voltage that renders the second MOSFET 212 conductive and the contact is established between the first terminal 200A and the second terminal 200B.
[0027] It can be noted by the person skilled in the art that when the voltage is higher than the battery voltage at the input of the DC / DC converter 300 while the switch remains on-state, the current can flow through the parasitic diode of the second MOSFET 212 for powering the integrated circuit 210. The control circuit 213 can then provide an adapted voltage to the gate of the first MOSFET 211 and the current can pass through the channel of the first MOSFET 211. Thus, the switch of the invention can also be used in other applications such as for example recharging the battery 100 when needed.
[0028] In case of a switching-off of an inductive load, the voltage at the input of the DC / DC converter 300 increases significantly and the Integrated circuit 210 is powered through the parasitic diode of the second MOSFET 212. Nevertheless, the control signal indicating an off-state, the control circuit 213 provides a voltage on the gate of the first MOSFET 211 which turns off the channel so the current cannot reflow to the battery.
[0029] During the switching-off, the voltage at the terminals of an inductance can be very important and may create an electric arc between the terminals of a switch. Commonly, the integrated circuits include Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) protection that are capable of suppressing an electric arc by switching an input or an output to the ground. Nevertheless, the amount of current provided by the inductance can be higher than the current corresponding to an ESD. Thus, the ESD protection can be reinforced by a first and a second Zener diodes 220 and 230. The first Zener diode 220 is connected between the first terminal 200A and the second terminal 200B. The second Zener diode 230 is connected between the first terminal 200A and the ground. The second zener diode 230 is configured such that the second zener diode 230 is connected in parallel to the first output terminal 210B of the integrated circuit 210 and the first zener diode 220.
[0030] In an example embodiment, the threshold voltage of the second Zener diode 230 is higher than nominal battery voltage and lesser than breakdown voltage of the battery 100 for avoiding incorrect over voltage protection of the battery 100. The threshold of the first Zener diode 220 is equal to the difference between maximum voltage for supplying the integrated circuit 210 and the threshold voltage of the second Zener diode 230 in such a way to limit the voltage at the second terminal to a value corresponding to the maximum voltage for the integrated circuit 210.
[0031] As indicated the power supply terminal 210A is floating. For preventing high frequency signal on the power supply of the integrated circuit 210, the power supply terminal 210A is connected to ground voltage through a capacitor 240. The capacitor 240 is a HF filter but also a power charged either through the first terminal 200A or the second terminal 200B.
[0032] The invention is not limited to the disclosed example. As indicated the switching circuit of the invention is a bidirectional switch and the load can be different than LEDs and could be an electrical motor. The indicated integrated circuit can be replaced by any other integrated circuit having the same output circuit with at least two MOSFETs connected to a power supply terminal.
[0033] In addition, the person skilled in the art will understand that such circuits are not limited to automotive use. The invention can be applied to many other configurations for which a current return is possible in case of abnormal situation.
Claims
1.A switching circuit (200) comprising a first terminal (200A) , a second terminal (200B) , and a control terminal (200C) configured to receive a control signal for controlling an electric connection between the first and the second terminals (200A, 200B) wherein the switching circuit (200) comprises an integrated circuit (210) including at least:- a power supply terminal (210A) ,- a first output terminal (210B) and a second output terminal (210C) ,- a first control terminal (210D) and a second control terminal (210E) ,- a ground terminal (210F) connected to ground voltage,- a first MOSFET (211) and a second MOSFET (212) , each of the first and second MOSFETs (211, 212) having a drain, a source and a gate, the source of the first and second MOSFETs (211, 212) being connected to the power supply terminal (210A) , the drain of the first MOSFET (211) being connected to the first output terminal (210B) and to the first terminal (200A) , the source of the second MOSFET (212) being connected to the second output terminal (210C) and to the second terminal (200B) , and- a control circuit (213) having a first input, a second input, a first output and a second output, the first and second inputs being connected to the first and second control terminals (210D, 210E) and to the control terminal, the first and second outputs being connected to the gates of the first and second MOSFETs (211, 212) , the control circuit (213) controlling the gates of said MOSFET (211, 212) as a function of the control signal.2.The switching circuit (200) of claim 1, further comprises a first Zener diode (220) connected in parallel between the first output terminal (210B) and the second output terminal (210C) .3.The switching circuit (200) of claim 2, further comprises a second Zener diode (230) connected in parallel between the first output terminal (210B) and a ground voltage.4.The switching circuit (200) of claim 3, wherein the first terminal (200A) is connected to a battery (100) , a threshold of the second Zener diode (230) being higher than a nominal voltage of the battery (100) and lesser than a breakdown voltage of the battery (100) .5.The switching circuit (200) according to any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the second terminal (200B) is connected to a circuit (300) having an inductive input, and wherein the threshold of the first Zener diode (220) is equal to difference between maximum voltage for supplying the integrated circuit (210) and the nominal voltage of the battery (100) .6.The switching circuit (200) of one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the power supply terminal (210A) is connected to ground voltage through a capacitor (240) , said capacitor (240) being charged either through the first terminal (200A) or the second terminal (200B) .7.An automotive lighting device (500) comprising light emitting diodes (400) connected to a LED driver (300) intended to be powered by a battery (100) of an automotive vehicle, wherein the automotive lighting device comprises a switching circuit (200) according to one of the claims 1 to 6, the switching circuit (200) being connected between the battery (100) and the LED driver (300) , the first terminal (200A) being intended to be connected to the battery, and the second terminal (200B) being connected to the LED driver (300) .8.The automotive lighting device (500) of claim 7, wherein the switching circuit (200) and the LED driver (300) are integrated on a same printed circuit board.9.A printed circuit board (500) of an automotive lighting device comprising a LED driver (300) and a switching circuit (200) according to one of the claims 1 to 6, wherein the switching circuit (200) is connected to the LED driver (300) and is intended to be connected to a battery (100) .
Citation Information
Patent Citations
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