Water-based thermal and photocatalytic reflective coating

Abstract

The present invention relates to a thermal and photocatalytic reflective coating, applied as a film to surfaces of various materials, such as zinc, fibre cement, concrete, plaster, ceramics and aluminium in the food industry, and on installations requiring a reduction in temperature and designed for sterilisation by temperature reduction. The coating comprises distilled or deionised water, acrylic or vinyl elastomeric resin, titanium dioxide (TiO2), agalmatolite and niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), and has the advantages of being highly adhesive to the substrate, acting over a wider range of visible light reflection, presenting high thermal and photovoltaic performance, having low treatment costs, significantly increasing photoactivity, generating active substances that keep structures waterproof and clean, greatly reducing the absorption of infrared rays, having greater durability, acting with higher quality, and having a high thermal performance, and greater durability and performance of the coating.

Description

Water-Based Thermal and Photocatalytic Reflective Coating Field of Invention This invention patent relates to a water-based thermal and photocatalytic reflective coating applied as a film to surfaces of various materials, such as zinc, fiber cement, concrete, plaster, ceramic, and aluminum on walls, drywall, floors, coverings, roofs, curtains, tarpaulins, and cement boards in the food industry, agribusiness facilities, homes, gyms, shopping malls, or any environments requiring a temperature reduction for sterilization purposes. This film aims to protect against moisture and wear caused by weathering, infiltration, and damage to expansion joints, metal structures, flashings, and water tanks, etc.Offering the advantages of not requiring organic solvents that generate odors, using nanoparticles that do not degrade or lose their function, not requiring structural changes or increasing the weight of the structure, high adhesion to the substrate, operating in a wider visible light reflection range, high thermal and photovoltaic performance, low treatment costs, and significantly increasing photoactivity, generating active substances that keep structures waterproof and clean, significantly reducing infrared absorption, offering greater durability, higher quality, high thermal performance, no need for additional energy, and greater durability and coating performance. Fundamentals of the invention: Global warming is a phenomenon linked to the growth and inevitable evolution of humanity. Every day, techniques, products, medicines, and technologies are emerging that enable population growth and the rise of urban concentrations.The resulting need for housing, jobs, food, schools, transportation, healthcare, employment, and public services—with the attendant needs for the functioning of this society. And also, inevitably, the concentration of people in transportation, work, school, and leisure settings. This will certainly create enormous problems to be solved. But what has grown unchecked is the inevitable heating of homes, offices, factories, jobs, and transportation. The installation of air conditioning equipment is, in fact, a worsening of these problems, since electricity consumption for domestic air conditioning accounts for 20% of the electricity produced worldwide. Brazil consumed 18.7 TW / h of electricity in 2017 for domestic air conditioners alone, which caused the emission of 4.78 M / ton of GHGs. This rate is increasing 5.4% per year (EPE-MME).And also inevitably, human concentrations in transportation, work, school, and recreation. A daily measure of the global warming caused by all this activity, and little is being done to address this. There's talk of limiting population growth with birth control and other debatable solutions. During a survey,... When developing a drug, we frequently observe the need to control the phenomenon of "heat," as a root cause of the growing difficulties faced by the population and governments. We seek alternatives to these problems in this development: a simple, durable, environmentally friendly, and highly active product that, even after the end of its useful life in controlling the atmospheric temperature of this "pale blue dot," will still be effective in controlling substances that harm the environment, thanks to its unique characteristics, which depend solely on sunlight to purify the air. As is known in the technical means involved in the manufacture of photocatalytic thermal reflective coatings, the following solutions currently exist for achieving reflection and temperature reduction: Reflective films based on glass microspheres,Hollow or gas-containing chemicals and solvents that pose health risks; Asphalt coatings for insulation from sunlight; Aluminum shingles with an inner layer of polyurethane or Styrofoam; E) Epoxy-based resin (foam), which, however, requires water to be added, as it depends on evaporation for cooling; F) Epoxy coatings with a shiny aluminum coating (subject to UV degradation); G) Paints based on chemical solvents, petroleum-based, or similar materials that produce odors and can harm animals or production; and E) Thermal insulating paints that require a quantity of opacifiers, thick layers, and fixatives resistant to radiation and temperature variations, weathering, and consequently materials that hinder the application of the solution. These additional components severely reduce the paint coverage, with coverage of between 28 and 35 m² per 18-liter bucket being typical.resulting in thick layers of over 3 mm and high weight and cost. The thickness of the paint also requires large amounts of heat-resistant and elastic materials and drying-promoting materials for adequate curing, in addition to reducing the applied area (paint thickness). Searching Brazilian and foreign patent databases yields the following disclosures. Chinese patent CN102993874, which presents a thermal insulation coating composed of 5% to 45% water, 3% to 25% auxiliary agents, 3% to 55% mineral fillers, 5% to 55% coating resin, and 1% to 30% infrared-reflective pigment with a particle diameter of less than 1 μm. Specifically, paragraphs ,

[0014] and

[0015] indicate that the reflective pigment may be a doped titanium oxide semiconductor, for example, and may have a tungsten coating. The paragraphs

[0077] and

[0078] reveal that the titanium oxide-doped semiconductor can have a gauge scale. The paragraph

[0023] describes that the resin is an acrylic emulsion. Chinese patent CN104449104, which presents in its abstract a thermal reflective film coating and its preparation method, consists of 20% to 25% water, 1% to 3% antifreeze, 0.1% to 0.5% bactericide, 0.3% to 1.0% of a dispersing agent, 0.1% to 0.5% of an alkalizing agent, 10% to 20% titanium powder, 0.2% to 1.0% of a thickener, and 20% to 30% of an emulsion. In more detail, it reveals that the emulsion can be acrylic, as revealed on page 2 (two). It also states that the reflective part contemplates a wavelength of 300 nm to 2500 nm. Page 2 (two) also describes the use of nanometer-sized titanium dioxide.Chinese patent CN105038422, which discloses a thermally reflective coating for wall insulation containing one or more inorganic or organic pigments, such as bentonite, ceramic, and wood fiber, a thickening agent, an aqueous emulsion of ethylene-vinyl acetate, acrylic acid, and benzene-acrylic, as described in the abstract on page 2 (two). This coating may also contain titanium oxide, as described on page 4 (four), also describes only one thermally insulating coating and that it uses two dyes for building walls. Chinese patent CN105505060, which discloses a reflective paint containing filler, rheology modifying agents, biocide, among others, as per claim 8 (eight). According to claim 12 (twelve), the filler may be mineral, and according to claim 13 (thirteen), the reflective paint may contain titanium oxide. The paragraph .

[0007] reveals that acrylic or vinyl binders can be used. The amount of biocide in the reflective coating was not disclosed, but it does include rheology-modifying agents and biocides, as well as a mineral filler in a reflective paint containing titanium oxide and acrylic or vinyl binders. US patent US2012260819, which discloses an aqueous thermal reflective film coating comprising 35% to 50% of an acrylic-based emulsion, 5% to 15% lithium silicate, 5% to 15% of a polyurethane, which can be configured as an elastomer, 0.1% to 0.2% of antifungal agent, and 0.2% to 1% of a thickener, as well as nanoparticulate materials. Chinese patent CN 105802409 A, which discloses an elastic, reflective, and heat-insulating coating and a method for preparing the same.The elastic construction coating comprises, by mass, 20-40% of a pure acrylic elastic resin emulsion, 20-30% of a silicone resin emulsion, 6-15% of polymer hollow particles, 5-15% of a reflective raw material, 12-25% of a lead-free pigment, 0.1-0.5% of a polymer dispersant, 0.1-0.5% of an antifoam agent, 0.1-0.3% of a wetting agent, 0.2-0.5% of a leveling agent, 0.1-0.3% of an ultraviolet light absorption stabilizer, 0.1-0.2% of a mold-inhibiting antiseptic, 0.5-2.5% of a film-forming aid, and 5-25% deionized water. The elastic, reflective and heat-insulating coating adopting pure acrylic elastic resin emulsion and silicone elastic resin emulsion can realize the elasticity of the paint film and the covering of fine cracks, and makes it resistant to contamination. The paint film's performance is better than that of paint films formed by traditional elastic coatings and traditional thermal insulation and reflective coatings. Chinese patent CN 104004424 A discloses a manufacturing method and construction technology for a water-based reflective thermal insulation coating with a granite-like texture. The manufacturing method includes the first step of preparing a base color paint, the second step of preparing a high-stability protective adhesive solution, the third step of granulating, the fourth step of obtaining a finished coating through mixing, and the fifth step of obtaining a fluorine-modified acrylic acid topcoat. In the third step, the base color paint obtained in the first step and the high-stability protective adhesive solution obtained in the second step are mixed, and granulated through stirring or sieving.A water-insoluble film is formed on the surfaces of the basic color paint particles, which exists in the high-stability protective adhesive solution in an unmixed particle state, forming color particles. In the fourth step, the components of the color particles, which are of various colors and obtained through granulation in the third step, are mixed with an elastic silicone-acrylic emulsion to form the finished coating. The coating produced by this method is entirely water-based, has the texture of natural granite, and possesses heat reflection and insulation functions. Meanwhile, it is highly resistant to contamination, has high elasticity, self-cleaning, high weather resistance, and high cost-performance. Brazilian patent BR 102017021008-1 A2 discloses a composition of a thermal and photocatalytic reflective film formed by pigments in a solution or emulsion of one or more polymers, monolayer, based on acrylic or vinyl polymers.dissolved in water, with the addition of photocatalytic nanoparticle materials, obtaining, by conventional process, an acrylic or vinyl film with active action based on metal nanoparticles in combination with solvents, thickeners and water-based binders, with good adhesion to the substrate, resistant to water and weak solvents, which, due to its composition, which comprises TiO2 nanoparticles doped with WO3, when illuminated by sunlight or artificial visible light, produces a photocatalysis reaction using the UV spectrum (between 60 and 390 nanometers), part of the visible spectrum (up to 760 nm) and the near infrared spectrum (NIR) and infrared up to 2700 nm (FIR), which decomposes water molecules present in the air or in organic materials, which, when coming into contact with the surface metal particles, degrade, generating singlet and / or triplet oxygen, superoxide anion radical in addition of several hydroxyl radicals,without the use of any additional energy. The previously revealed solutions have the disadvantages, limitations, and drawbacks of low photoactivity, maintenance of non-waterproofed and dirty structures, with low reduction in infrared absorption, requiring organic solvents that generate odors, some not using nanoparticles, requiring structural changes or causing increased weight on the structure, poor adhesion to the substrate, and operating in a limited range of... reflect visible light, have low thermal and photovoltaic performance, and high treatment costs. They are less durable, operate with lower quality, low thermal performance, high energy costs, and low coating performance. The water-based thermal and photocatalytic reflective coating subject to this patent was developed to eliminate the disadvantages, limitations, and drawbacks of the prior art, as it improved them through an optimized composition that results in a homogeneous, single-component, harmless, and stable film that does not produce gases or deleterious reactions of any kind in any temperature, humidity, and pH range. It reflects the entire visible and invisible light spectrum, maintaining the visual appearance of objects and everything that makes up our universe. The technology, when applied, acts as protection, and among all the expected benefits,It intensely complies with photocatalysis technology by decomposing toxic gases present in the air (Greenhouse Gas Equivalent (GHGe)), maintaining the quality of the air we breathe, with a self-cleaning characteristic, keeping surfaces always clean, not allowing the adhesion of dust and soot, as well as enhancing the efficiency in carrying out the artificial photosynthesis of this film due to its composition, providing and contributing to air purification and the elimination of bacteria, viruses, fungi, growth of bryophytes by spontaneous generation of Hydrogen Peroxide, via recombination of H2 + O + O released in a previous process and obtaining resulting gases (oxygen radicals and removing the necessary components from the water in the air), bringing advantages of not needing organic solvents that generate odors, not using dyes because the resulting color is a side effect of Titanium atoms,It is a fundamental agent for blocking infrared (IR) rays that conduct and propagate thermal light rays between 380 and 2700 nm, and the presence of the resin's white color, which is caused by the characteristics of the human eye. It also offers the advantages of not using antifungals, opacifiers, antirust preservatives, or products to promote adhesion to the substrate, using active nanoparticles, not requiring structural changes or increasing the weight of the structure, high adhesion to the substrate, acting in a wider visible light reflection range, presenting high thermal and photovoltaic yield, low treatment costs, significantly increasing photoactivity, generating active substances that keep structures waterproof and clean, with a significant reduction in infrared absorption, greater durability, and higher quality performance. Furthermore, it offers high thermal yield, greater coating yield,with less thickness obtained with very thin layers (<45nm), as they do not need adhesion and surface promoters, avoiding problems of irregular expansion which causes rupture and detachment, with fast drying, in 4 hours in the open air, odorless and without toxic substances, it does not consume any product or electrical energy to act in its favor, as even the infrared rays (IR) that cause the reactions are returned entirely to space, avoiding heating of the surfaces. To obtain the water-based thermal and photocatalytic reflective coating described in this patent, practical research was carried out and improvements were applied to existing coatings, detailed below. For years, the scientific community has been studying the effect of heterogeneous photocatalysis on bacteria, viruses, fungi, mosses, and bryophytes, and all have demonstrated the usability of this feature in the sterilization of aquatic and aerial environments using the heterogeneous photocatalysis process. The decomposition of water molecules suspended in the atmosphere (air humidity) results in the production of singlet oxygen and various radical species, which act in the decomposition of organic matter and the accelerated elimination of contaminants from various species, without the emergence of viral or bacterial resistance.Furthermore, the decomposition of toxic gases such as NOx, NHx, SOx, H2S, among others, converts them into harmless formations or completely decomposes, which also significantly affects pig parturition and gestation. See (https: / / faef.revista.inf.br / imagens_arquivos / arquivos_destaque / hy3WchVPONnnj6j_2014-7-27-16-50-23.pdf) (page 7). With this in mind, the opportunity was taken to expand the study of the country's need for a more comprehensive solution to address heat stress problems, which affect everything from bees to humans and all animal production, noting that bees are essential for food production as they are extremely important pollinators in agribusiness.This study was conducted with several Embrapa research groups across the country, and it required extensive research to identify a universal means of reducing these problems. We observed that it was still necessary to include the harm caused to human beings from infancy to old age, whose European data refer to 11,637 deaths in central and southern Europe last summer. See (https: / / www.poder360.com.br / internacional / 61-672-pessoas-morreram-de-calor-na-europa-em-2022-diz-estudo / ). It was observed that this phenomenon of yield loss occurred in all production environments, such as agribusiness: grains, seeds, nutrients, and all sectors studied. It also affected attention and vitality loss in students, hospitals, prisoners, factory workers, and others.Just when we thought we had covered all possible sectors, we found a bulletin from the International Agency for Energy (IAE) indicating a huge problem in generating enough electricity to sustain humanity's "hunger for kilowatts." "Electricity demand from air conditioning is expected to continue increasing in the coming decades, mainly due to population growth, rising incomes, and individuals' increased preference for air-conditioned environments. Considering only the energy efficiency measures already approved and published by the federal government, it is estimated that household electricity consumption for air conditioning through the "Use of Air Conditioning in the Residential Sector" program of the Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy could increase from 18.7 TWh in 2017 to 48.5 TWh in 2035, a growth rate of 5.4%. per year during the period. Establishing stricter minimum energy efficiency rates, in turn, could help reduce electricity consumption due to air conditioning, reaching 36.8 TWh in 2035. In other words, in this scenario, avoided consumption could reach 14.5 TWh in 2035, equivalent to a 3,475 MW power plant. "(...) and avoided consumption could reach 14.5 TWh in 2035, approximately three times greater than the avoided consumption in the Base Scenario (4.6 TWh). It is worth noting that, in terms of an equivalent power plant, the avoided electricity consumption in 2035 in the Alternative Scenario is equivalent to a 3,475 MW power plant. (...)". See https: / / www.epe.gov.br / sites-pt / publicacoes-dados- aberto / publicacoes / PublicacoesArquivos / publicacao- 341 / NT%20EPE%20030_2018_18Dez2018.pdf..In the search for a composition and process for purifying air and eliminating bacteria, viruses, and fungi through oxidation, as a result of heterogeneous photocatalysis, the usability of this characteristic in the sterilization of air environments with the heterogeneous photocatalysis process was proven. Alternative components were studied during the research, but it was concluded that the quantities of water and elastomeric resin, currently in the public domain in the state of the art, would be the most suitable in this patent. Rheology agents suitable for the formulation balance were studied, concluding that the best solution is Algamatolite. Conventional protective agents were not necessary in this formula because the antimicrobial effect is achieved by the spontaneously generated H2O2 in the present invention. Dispersing agents were not necessary in the formula of the present invention due to the special characteristics of Algamatolite.Nanoparticulate metal alternatives to tungsten-doped titanium dioxide (TiO2 + WO3) were studied, and after extensive research, it was concluded that niobium pentoxide Nb2O5, a new metal alloy, would be the best solution to increase the permanence of "carriers" and "holes" in TiO2 + WO3 crystals. Several materials were tested, and niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), treated within a certain temperature range, demonstrated greater photoactivity efficiency than TiO2 + WO3 or other analogous compounds. Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) for application on surfaces, demonstrated strong activity in maintaining free electrons, which promote the excitation of TiO2 under visible light and, consequently, a good part of solar radiation, thus increasing its photocatalytic capacity, for application in the degradation of organic pollutants and water vapor molecules in the nearby atmosphere (reason for choosing it for the production of Green Hydrogen, as a fuel of the future).The use of Nb2O5 allowed an extension of the electron / hole recombination time in photocatalysis events, also causing changes in reactivity and electrical conductivity, increased photoactivity of the materials, and an increase in surface area, which are essential for such applications. Nb2O5 is a semiconductor that has different crystalline phases, including pseudo-hexagonal and hexagonal. monoclinic and orthorhombic, giving these materials a variety of catalytic applications. Furthermore, they absorb energy in the ultraviolet region, up to 380nm, complementing the function of TiO2, while Nb2O5 alone increases the alloy's sensitivity to the visible spectrum and the electron / hole recombination time. Studies show that the efficiency of photocatalysis depends on the competition between the process in which the electron is removed from the semiconductor surface and the electron / hole pair recombination process, which results in the release of heat. Since Nb2O5 has five oxygen atoms, the possibility of electrons released from TiO2, or even from Nb2O5 itself, transferring their energy to another nearby atom is very high (about 25 times more), increasing the possibility of maintaining an alloy with more unbalanced sites, thus increasing reactions. The prior art presents the following technical problems that were solved by the present invention shown below.The technical problems that existing application processes and products fail to resolve, and which were solved by the present invention, are presented below. Current coatings often require structural changes or increase the weight of the structures. Very thick layers end up accumulating dust, microalgae, fungi, and bryophytes, which in the short term compromise the expected result and surrounding equipment. This invention solves this problem by generating hydrogen peroxide from niobium pentoxide, which forms an extremely smooth, porosity-free surface with a very even thickness. Some patent documents consulted and seeking similar results follow a different development and technology path; many of them are bicomponent and / or applied through exothermic processes at high temperatures. This invention solves this problem through a liquid coating that is applied at room temperature without the need for heat.Some known solutions have positive effects on sunlight reflectance or low absorbance, using thermal insulators such as glass beads, dolomite, vermiculite, aluminum oxide, volcanic ash, rock wool, titanium oxide, and / or zirconium. However, what really matters in a film is intensely reflecting the sun's infrared rays in the >780 nm and <2500 nm range, which are the rays that carry the frequencies that most contribute to heating objects and surfaces. This invention solves this problem by using components that do not generate specular or point reflection. Some known solutions require organic solvents to achieve resin solubilization. This invention solves this problem by using only water as a solvent. The solution using tungsten-doped titanium oxide produces few photocatalytic reactions and operates in the 60 to 290 nm band.Solved by the present invention through the use of a new material in the coating that generates a greater quantity of electrons available in the valence layer, increasing the photocatalysis reactions and acting in the range 90 to 790 nm. Previous inventions present problems with very rapid electron / hole recombination, interrupting the reaction process with water molecules at the first recombination that occurs. Because this new material has 5 oxygen atoms, it has 25 electrons that end up colliding in several orbitals, causing a long period of vacant orbitals. The application processes for these types of existing products often require structural changes or increase the weight of the structure. Very thick layers, with imperfect surfaces, end up accumulating dust, microalgae, fungi, and bryophytes, which, in the short term, compromise the expected result and surrounding equipment. This is resolved by the present invention through the generation of hydrogen peroxide H2O2 by niobium pentoxide, Nb2O5. Some consulted patent documents that seek similar results follow a different development and technological path.Many of them are two-component and / or applied through endothermic processes at high temperatures. This invention solves this problem through a liquid coating that is applied at room temperature without the need for heat to melt the aggregators. Existing solutions have positive effects on reflectance or low absorbance in the solar infrared band, using thermal insulators such as glass beads, dolomite, vermiculite, aluminum oxide, volcanic ash, rock wool, titanium oxide, and / or zirconium. However, what really matters in a thermal film is intensely reflecting the sun's infrared rays in the ranges >780 nm and <2500 nm.These rays carry the photons that most contribute to the heating of objects and surfaces. This invention solves this problem through the use of components that promote specular and / or punctual reflection of these waves. Other known solutions require organic solvents to achieve resin solubilization and adhesion to certain materials. This invention solves this problem by using only water as a solvent, thus avoiding the risk of odors, chemical reactions, and discomfort, in addition to increased costs. Description of the invention: The product in this patent application describes a composition that aims to produce a homogeneous, single-component, harmless, and stable film that does not produce gases or deleterious reactions of any kind in any temperature, humidity, and pH range. It reflects the entire light spectrum, visible and invisible, maintaining the visual appearance of objects and everything that makes up our universe. When applied, it acts as a protectiveand that among all the expected benefits, it intensely fulfills the photocatalysis technology, such as the self-cleaning characteristic, keeping the surfaces always clean, as well as enhancing the efficiency in carrying out the artificial photosynthesis of this film due to its composition, providing and contributing to air purification and the elimination of bacteria, viruses and fungi through the spontaneous generation of Hydrogen peroxide, via recombination of H2 + O + O, released in a previous process and the decomposition by reduction of gas molecules., Said composition is characterized by the fact that it has quantities in specific proportional ranges of water and elastomeric resins, associated with a rheology agent, a photocatalytic agent of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) anatase that acts in the ultraviolet band 60 to 290 nm and complemented with an unprecedented photocatalytic agent of Nb2O5 nanoparticles, acting in the band 90 to 790 nm. The film, object of the present application, is composed of nanosized materials, whose physical and chemical structure reflects up to 95% of infrared energy, doubling the photoactivity, as it acts in the reflection of the rays that cause heating, which correspond to approximately 45% of solar energy.The high activity of the film-forming nanoparticles in the bands covered by the visible and infrared spectrum returns almost all of the incident light energy to the atmosphere; this prevents the heating of objects by absorption and indirectly by radiation or conduction, since the surfaces remain cold, close to air temperature, fully absorbing the UV band, between 60 and 290 nm, using the energy of the photons to cause decomposition, by photocatalysis, of water molecules in the atmosphere, close to the surface where it was applied.Specification and function of the formulation components: Distilled or deionized water acting as a solvent for the composition; Acrylic or vinyl elastomeric resin to obtain a smooth finish, forming a film on surfaces of various materials and aiming to protect against humidity and wear caused by weathering, infiltration and damage to expansion joints, metal structures, flashings and water tanks, etc.; Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) anatase (94%)<ou=10nm de dimensão, de alta pureza, sem metais contaminantes (pureza > or = 99%) with photocatalytic agent function in the ultraviolet band 60 to 290 nm; Agalmatolite which is hydrated aluminum silicate (Al2O3.4SiO2.H2O), lamellar in particles of tiny dimensions <ou= 12nm, extremamente finas, que graças a seu formato e as características físicas das partículas lamelares, permite o deslizamento de uma sobre a outra atuando como nivelante e agente reológico com outras partículas, mantendo-as alinhadas e sem deformações no posicionamento, graças a presença de água entre as lamelas, que forma uma camada líquida que permite movimentação lateral, mantendo as superfícies lisas como esperado por uma ação de reologia típica de cargas minerais. Este é o motivo para se manter a altíssima qualidade dos insumos, em combinação com a função de agente fundamental para refletir os raios infravermelhos (IV) que conduzem e propagam os raios térmicos da luz (> 380 and <2700nm) and the visualization of the white reflection of the resin.These minerals, due to their characteristics, were also used to reflect visible and infrared rays and absorb high-energy UV rays, which are responsible for their water molecule decomposition reactions. Agalmatolite functions as a rheological agent; Niobium Pentoxide (Nb2O 5)Nanoparticles that react with and decompose water molecules present in the air or in organic materials. When they come into contact with surface water vapor particles, they decompose them, generating singlet and / or triplet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals, and various hydroxyl radicals. This process, without the use of any additional energy, functions as a photocatalytic agent in the ultraviolet and visible bands, 90 to 790 nm. Semiconductors of interest in photocatalysis are solids in which the atoms form an infinite three-dimensional network. The overlap of atomic orbitals extends beyond the surroundings, extending throughout the entire network (N orbitals), resulting in a configuration of delocalized states very close to each other, forming the valence band (VB), with lower energy, and the conduction band (BC), with higher energy.Between the bands are energy intervals in which there are no "allowed" electronic states, and each of these intervals is called a forbidden energy band or gap. In the case of photocatalysis, the electron / hole pair is generated via irradiation with light with a wavelength given by: λg = Eg / hc, where h is Planck's constant and c is the speed of light. The absorption of photons with an energy greater than Eg (photoexcitation) promotes electrons from the valence band to the conduction band (eBC), and for each promoted electron, a hole in the valence band (h+ BV) is produced. Since most semiconductors are made of nanocrystalline solids, the charges of the electron / hole pair can migrate to the particle surface and produce oxidizing and reducing sites. See https: / / www.scielo.org / pdf / 2019 / 01 / 01 / 01 / 01- ...br / j / qn / a / JBNRCNz7cVHWQCpwtn3NRPF / ?format=pdf&lang=pt Examples of embodiments of the invention In order to obtain the formula of the present patent, the following practical tests were carried out, in weight percentages: Test No. 1 for determining the maximum amount of water A coating was prepared with 45% water, 30% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 21% agalmatolite and 3% Nb2O5 and a coating was obtained which, after curing, formed a flexible film, with adequate rheology, thickness and curing time and with adequate heat reflection, and was approved. Test No. 2 for determining the maximum amount of water A coating was prepared with 46% water, 30% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 20% agalmatolite and 3% Nb2O5 and a coating was obtained that, after curing, formed a non-flexible film, with adequate rheology, thickness and curing time and with adequate heat reflection, and was rejected.Test No. 3 for determining the minimum amount of water A coating was prepared with 35% water, 30% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 25% agalmatolite and 9% Nb2O5 and a coating was obtained that, after curing, formed a flexible film with adequate rheology, thickness and curing time, and with adequate heat reflection, and was approved. Test No. 4 for determining the minimum amount of water. A coating was prepared with 34% water, 30% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 25% agalmatolite and 10% Nb2O5 and obtained a coating that, after curing, formed a non-flexible film, with adequate rheology, thickness, curing time and with adequate heat reflection, but had impaired layer distribution on the surface, being failed. Test No. 5 for determining the maximum amount of acrylic elastomeric resin A coating was prepared with 40% water, 40% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 15% agalmatolite and 4% Nb2O5 and obtained a coating that, after curing, formed a flexible film with adequate thickness, rheology, curing time and with adequate heat reflection of the layer on the surface, being approved. Note: Test No. 5 was repeated using vinyl elastomeric resin instead of acrylic resin and the result was repeated.Test No. 6 for determining the maximum amount of acrylic elastomeric resin A coating was prepared with 40% water, 41% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 15% agalmatolite, and 3% Nb2O5, and the coating was obtained. After curing, it formed a non-flexible film with adequate rheology, thickness, curing time, and adequate heat reflection. It had impaired layer distribution on the surface, thus failing. Note: Test No. 6 was repeated using vinyl elastomeric resin instead of acrylic resin, and the result was the same. Test No. 7 for determining the minimum quantity of acrylic elastomeric resin A coating was prepared with 40% water, 30% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 23% agalmatolite and 6% Nb2O5 and a coating was obtained that, after curing, formed a flexible film with thickness, with adequate rheology, curing time and with adequate heat reflection of the layer on the surface, being approved. Note:Test No. 7 was repeated using vinyl elastomeric resin in place of acrylic resin, and the result was similar. Test No. 8 for determining the minimum amount of acrylic elastomeric resin. A coating was prepared with 40% water, 29% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 25% agalmatolite, and 5% Nb2O5, and the coating was obtained which, after curing, formed a non-flexible film of inadequate thickness, with adequate rheology and curing time, and with adequate heat reflection from the layer to the surface, failing. Note: Test No. 7 was repeated using vinyl elastomeric resin in place of acrylic resin, and the result was similar. Test No. 9 for determining the maximum amount of TiO2A coating was prepared with 40% water, 35% acrylic elastomeric resin, 2% TiO2, 18% agalmatolite and 5% Nb2O5 and a coating was obtained that, after curing, formed a flexible film, thickness, with adequate rheology, curing time and with adequate heat reflection of the layer, being approved. Test No. 10 for determining the maximum amount of TiO2 pigment A coating was prepared with 40% water, 35% acrylic elastomeric resin, 2.2% TiO2, 18% agalmatolite and 4.8% Nb2O5 and a coating was obtained that, after curing, formed a flexible film, thickness, with adequate rheology, curing time and with adequate heat reflection of the layer on the surface, but with a high cost of the coating, being failed. Test No. 11 for determining the minimum amount of TiO2 pigment A coating was prepared with 40% water, 35% acrylic elastomeric resin, 0.5% TiO2, 18% agalmatolite and 6.5% Nb2O5 and a coating was obtained that, after curing, formed a flexible film, thickness, with adequate rheology, curing time and with adequate heat reflection, being approved.Test No. 12 for determining the minimum amount of TiO2 pigment A coating was prepared with 40% water, 35% acrylic elastomeric resin, 0.4% TiO2, 18% agalmatolite, and 6.6% Nb2O5, resulting in a coating that, after curing, formed a flexible film of adequate thickness, rheology, curing time, and inadequate heat reflection from the layer, failing. Test No. 13 for determining the maximum amount of agalmatolite A coating was prepared with 37% water, 33% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 25% agalmatolite, and 4% Nb2O5, resulting in a coating that, after curing, formed a flexible film of adequate thickness, rheology, curing time, and adequate heat reflection from the layer, passing.Test No. 14 for determining the maximum amount of agalmatolite A coating was prepared with 37% water, 33% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 26% agalmatolite, and 3% Nb2O5, resulting in a coating that, after curing, formed a flexible film with adequate thickness and curing time, and with adequate heat reflection from the layer, but with inadequate rheology, failing. Test No. 15 for determining the minimum amount of agalmatolite loading A coating was prepared with 42% water, 38% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 15% agalmatolite, and 4% Nb2O5, resulting in a coating that, after curing, formed a flexible film with adequate thickness and curing time, and with adequate heat reflection from the layer, as well as with good rheology, failing.Test No. 16 for determining the minimum amount of agalmatolite A coating was prepared with 42% water, 38% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 14% agalmatolite and 5% Nb2O5 photocatalytic agent and a coating was obtained that, after curing, formed a flexible film, with adequate thickness and curing time and with adequate heat reflection of the layer, but with inadequate rheology, being rejected. Test No. 17 for determining the maximum amount of photocatalytic agent Nb2O5A coating was prepared with 30% water, 35% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 24% agalmatolite and 10% Nb2O5 and a coating was obtained that, after curing, formed a flexible film, adequate rheology, curing time and with adequate heat reflection of the layer as it generated free oxygen to maintain the reactions necessary for generating H2O2, being approved.Test No. 18 for determining the maximum amount of photocatalytic agent Nb2O5 A coating was prepared with 30% water, 35% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2 pigment, 23.5% agalmatolite and 10.5% Nb2O5 photocatalytic agent and a coating was obtained that, after curing, although it formed a flexible film, adequate rheology, curing time and with adequate heat reflection of the layer and increased the generation of oxygen availability in the molecules, consequently free oxygen to maintain the reactions necessary for generating H2O2, a high cost of the coating was obtained, being rejected.Test No. 19 for determining the minimum amount of photocatalytic agent Nb2O5 A coating was prepared with 40% water, 35% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2 pigment, 21% agalmatolite and 3% Nb2O5 photocatalytic agent and a coating was obtained that, after curing, formed a flexible film, adequate rheology, curing time and with adequate heat reflection of the layer and generated oxygen availability in the molecules, consequently free oxygen to maintain the reactions necessary for generating H2O2, being approved.Test No. 20 for determining the minimum amount of photocatalytic agent Nb2O5 A coating was prepared with 40% water, 35% acrylic elastomeric resin, 1% TiO2, 21.5% agalmatolite and 2.5% Nb2O5, obtaining a coating that, after curing, generated a flexible film, adequate rheology and curing time, and adequate heat reflection from the layer. It did not generate the availability of oxygen in the molecules, consequently, free oxygen to maintain the reactions necessary for the generation of H2O2, being rejected. The formulation of the coating of the present patent is as follows: Water between 30 and 45% by weight; Acrylic or vinyl elastomeric resin from 30 to 40% by weight; Titanium dioxide, TiO2 from 0.5 to 2.0% by weight; Agalmatolite from 15 to 25% by weight; and Niobium Pentoxide, Nb2O5 from 3 to 10% by weight.How to use: The coating is applied in the following sequence: Thoroughly clean the surfaces with a high-pressure water jet, removing dust and impurities. Allow to dry. Correct flaws, fissures, and cracks using interfacing (60 grams) to cover holes, cracks, infiltrations in the walls, or leaks; Clean the surface before applying the film; Remove a gallon (3.6 liters) to a bucket and set aside; Add 2 liters of drinking water to the main bucket; Do not apply in rain or at temperatures above 35°C or below 10°C; Clean the surface before applying the film; Mix the resin elements well with an electric mixer for 5 minutes before applying, following the "M" line; Add 10% water in the second coat, apply following the "W" line, overlapping the strip applied in the previous line by 20%; Do not apply in rain or at temperatures above 35°C or below 10°C; Use an airless spray gun with a 517 or 617 nozzle with the correct pressure (above 2700PSI or a low-pile roller); Do not wash before 30 days of curing; and Reapplication frequency every 10 years.Once applied, this film forms a 35 µm thick film weighing 160 g / m². Its reactions reduce the temperature on all surfaces to which it is applied by up to 45%. It should not be applied to radiators in freezing systems, as it can cause a severe reduction in refrigerant gases. It reduces air conditioning unit electricity consumption by up to 62%, eliminating 256 grams per kW used. In air-conditioned installations, to reduce heat in environments, adjust the thermostat to 25 to 27°C. It can be applied to external water tanks or pipes to reduce the heat absorbed by the water (water tanks and exposed plumbing). It can be used in drinking water or watering systems used by animals. It increases thermal comfort in schools, hospitals, daycare centers, shelters, offices, shopping malls, supermarkets, buses, and subway cars, reducing electricity consumption by over 50%.Reduces post-surgical hospital infections by more than 15%. Can be applied to silos, warehouses, stables, pigpens, barns, and any space where heating reduction is required. Can be applied to sunscreens and tarpaulin coverings in field farms. Can be applied to water troughs. Reduces GHGs (greenhouse gases) produced by air conditioning systems, according to measurements by the EPE (Energy Research Company of the Ministry of Mines and Energy). Increases the productivity of solar panels installed on surfaces with the product applied by 15%. Increases knowledge absorption in schools, due to the low thermal stress for students and teachers, according to studies, 0.5% per °C increase.

Claims

1 / 1 CLAIMS 1. WATER-BASED THERMAL AND PHOTOCATALYTIC REFLECTIVE COATING, composed of a formulation containing 35 to 45% by weight of water and 30 to 40% by weight of acrylic or vinyl elastomeric resin, characterized by the addition of Titanium dioxide (TiO2), anatase (94%) ≤ 10nm in size, of high purity, without contaminating metals (purity ≥ 99%) with the function of a photocatalytic agent in the ultraviolet band 60 to 290 nm of 0.5 to 2.0% by weight; Agalmatolite, Hydrated aluminum silicate (Al2O3.4SiO2.H2O), lamellar in particles of tiny dimensions ≤ 12nm of 15 to 25% by weight; and Niobium Pentoxide (Nb2O5) in nanoparticles and with the function of photocatalytic agent in the ultraviolet and visible band, 90 to 790 nm from 3 to 10% by weight. 2.WATER-BASED THERMAL AND PHOTOCATALYTIC REFLECTIVE COATING, according to claim 1, composed of a preferred formulation containing Water with 40% by weight and Acrylic or vinyl elastomeric resin with 35% by weight, characterized by the complement of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) with 1% by weight and Agalmatolite with 19% by weight and Niobium Pentoxide (Nb2O5) with 5% by weight.

3. WATER-BASED THERMAL AND PHOTOCATALYTIC REFLECTIVE COATING, according to claim 1, characterized in that, after being applied, it forms a film with a thickness of less than 35 µm and a weight of less than 160 g / m².

4. WATER-BASED THERMAL AND PHOTOCATALYTIC REFLECTIVE COATING, according to claim 1, characterized in that, after being applied, it reduces the temperature on all surfaces to which it is applied by up to 45%. 5.PROCESS OF USING WATER-BASED THERMAL AND PHOTOCATALYTIC REFLECTIVE COATING, according to claim 1, characterized in that the process of using the coating occurs in the following sequence: 1) Thoroughly clean the surfaces, removing dust and impurities; 2) Correct flaws, fissures and cracks, using interlining (60 grams) to cover holes or cracks or leaks; 3) Mix the resin elements well with an electric beater for 5 minutes before applying; 4) Add 20% water to the first coat, apply following the “M” line; 5) Add 10% water to the second coat, apply following “W”, overlapping 20% ​​of the strip applied in the previous line; 6) Clean the surface before applying the film; 7) Do not apply in rain or at temperatures above 35ºC or below 10ºC; 8) Use a low-pile roller; and 9) Do not wash before 30 days of curing.