Multi-specific antibodies and uses thereof
Multi-specific antibodies targeting EGFR and c-MET address the limitations of current cancer therapies by enhancing binding affinity and specificity, leading to improved cancer cell inhibition and reduced side effects.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/118842
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-09-21
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-27
AI Technical Summary
Current cancer therapies lack effectiveness, specificity, and robustness due to the complex pathogenesis of cancer, with cancer cells often evading therapy by acquiring therapy resistance.
Development of multi-specific antibodies that specifically bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET), with enhanced binding affinities and increased effectiveness in inhibiting signaling pathways and tumor growth, while reducing toxicity and immunogenicity.
The multi-specific antibodies demonstrate improved efficacy in inhibiting cancer cell growth and overcoming therapy resistance, with reduced side effects and enhanced specificity for cancer cells.
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Figure PCTCN2024118842-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
MULTI-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES AND USES THEREOFBACKGROUND
[0001] Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide with about 10 million deaths reported in 2022. Cancer can be triggered by various genetic and environmental factors. The heterogeneity of the disease progression and clinical course, combined with the variable responses of the cancer patients to treatments and its associated side effects, suggests a targeted therapeutic approach to treating these diseases is desirable. Additionally, cancer cells can evade therapy by acquiring therapy resistance at least via mutation. As such, currently available therapies lack effectiveness, specificity, and / or robustness due to the complex pathogenesis of the cancer.SUMMARY
[0002] Accordingly, there remains a need for cancer therapy. Described herein are various antigen-binding fragments or antibodies that can bind or target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) , and / or mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-MET) . Also described herein are reagents, kits, compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, therapeutic agents, or methods of using the same. The antibodies, antigen-binding fragments, reagents, kits, compositions, pharmaceutical compositions, therapeutic agents, or methods can be used to treat cancer.
[0003] Various antigen-binding fragments or antibodies described herein can specifically bind or target EGFR and / or c-MET. These antigen-binding fragments or antibodies may have different binding affinities to the target antigens, increased effectiveness in inhibiting signaling pathways activated by the target antigens, increased effectiveness in tumor or cancer cell inhibitions, increased effectiveness in been internalized by cell (e.g. epithelial cells, non-small cell lung cancer cells, or H1975 cells) , reduced toxicity and / or immunogenicity, or any combinations thereof, relative to the currently available therapies.
[0004] In one aspect described herein is an antibody that binds to c-MET, wherein the antibody comprises a c-MET binding region comprising: (a) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 1 (HCDR1) comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22; (b) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 2 (HCDR2) comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; and / or (c) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 or 30, wherein the variable region complementarity determining regions (CDRs) are defined by a combined definition rule as shown in Table 16. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises all the three CDRs of an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region, wherein the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29, and the CDRs are defined by Kabat definition, Chothia definition, Aho definition, Abm definition, IMGT definition, Contact definition, North definition, or a hybrid or combined scheme thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regeion which comprises an HCDR1, an HCDR2 and an HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, the HCDR2 and the HCDR3 have an amino acid sequence of a CDR1, a CDR2 and a CDR3, respectively, of a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29, and wherein the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 are defined by Kabat definition, Chothia definition, Aho definition, Abm definition, IMGT definition, Contact definition, North definition, or a hybrid or combined scheme thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regeion which comprises an HCDR1, an HCDR2 and an HCDR3, wherein the HCDR1, the HCDR2 and the HCDR3 have an amino acid sequence of a CDR1, a CDR2 and a CDR3, respectively, of a heavy chain variable region having an amino acid sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29, and wherein the CDR1, CDR2 and CDR3 are defined by Kabat definition, Chothia definition, Aho definition, Abm definition, IMGT definition, Contact definition, and North definition.
[0005] In some embodiments, the antibody binds to a human c-MET protein, a mouse c-MET protein and / or a monkey c-MET protein. In some embodiments, the antibody blocks the binding of a HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) protein to a human c-MET protein protein, a mouse c-MET protein and / or a monkey c-MET protein. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to that set forth in any one SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29.
[0006] In some embodiments, the antibody is a camel immunoglobulin. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain derives from a camel immunoglobulin. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain derives from a camel immunoglobulin and has a reduced immunogenicity compared with the camel immunoglobulin. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region of the antibody is humanized. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region was generated by grafting the above mentioned HCDRs onto a human or humanize heavy chain variable region. In some embodiments, the human or humanized heavy chain variable region is of the germline vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01. In some embodiments, the human or humanized heavy chain variable region is of the germline vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01, and has one or more back mutations selected from the group consisiting of, by Kabat numbering: V37F, R72Q, N77S, L45R, S75A, R98A, and R98G. In some embodiments, the human or humanized heavy chain variable region is of the germline vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01, and has one or more back mutations selected from the group consisiting of, by Kabat numbering: V37F, R72Q and R98A. In some embodiments, the human or humanized heavy chain variable region is of the germline vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01, and has one or more back mutations selected from the group consisiting of, by Kabat numbering: V37F, L45R, R72Q, S75A, and R98G. In some embodiments, the human or humanized heavy chain variable region is of the germline vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01, and has one or more back mutations selected from the group consisiting of, by Kabat numbering: R72Q, and R98A. In some embodiments, the human or humanized heavy chain variable region is of the germline vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01, and has one or more back mutations selected from the group consisiting of, by Kabat numbering: V37F, R72Q, and R98A. In some embodiments, the human or humanized heavy chain variable region is of the germline vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01, and has one or more back mutations selected from the group consisiting of, by Kabat numbering: V37F, R72Q, N77S, and R98A.
[0007] In some embodiments, the antibody is a heavy chain antibody, a variable region of a heavy chain antibody, a diabody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody is an scFv, a Fab, a Fab'-SH, a F (ab') , a F (ab') 2, an Fv, or an Fd. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises a heavy chain variable region and a heavy chain constant region, wherein the constant region comprises an immunoglobulin CH1 domain, an immunoglobulin CH2 domain and / or an immunoglobulin CH3 domain. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin CH1 domain, the immunoglobulin CH2 domain and / or the immunoglobulin CH3 domain derive from human IgG1 constant region or a human IgG4 constant region. In some embodiments, the heavy chain constant region comprises one or more alterations compared to a wild-type human IgG1 that alters binding to an FcRn polypeptide. In some embodiments, the one or more alterations compared to the wild-type human IgG1 that alters binding to an FcRn polypeptide is selected from M428L, N434S, M252Y, S254T, T256E according to EU numbering, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the heavy chain constant region is afucosylated. In some embodiments, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37 or 38. In some embodiments, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39 or 40.
[0008] In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region is coupled to the heavy chain constant region by a polypeptide linker. In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker is a GS linker. In some embodiments, the GS linker comprises a sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO: 45 to 55. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region is coupled to the heavy chain constant region by a chemical bond (e.g. peptide bond) . In some embodiments, the binding region is coupled to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the antibody binds the c-MET at a dissociation constant that is at least about 1 %, 10 %, 100 %, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower compared to a dissociation constant at which a control anti-c-MET antibody (e.g. Amivantamab, Zalutumumab or Daligotuzumab) binds the c-MET. In some embodiments, the dissociation constant at which the antibody or the control antibody binds the c-MET is measured by surface plasmon resonance. In some embodiments, the dissociation constant at which the antibody binds the c-MET is from about 1x10^-15 molar (M) to about 1x10^-9 M, from about 1x10^-14 M to about 1x10^-10 M, or from about 1x10^-13 M to about 1x10^-11 M. In some embodiments, the antibody inhibits a phosphorylation of the c-MET within a cell at a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) that is at least about 1 %, 10 %, 100 %, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower than a IC50 at which a control anti-c-MET antibody inhibits the phosphorylation of the c-MET within the cell. In some embodiments, the IC50 at which the antibody or the control anti-c-MET antibody inhibits the phosphorylation of the c-MET within the cell is measured by the ELISA. In some embodiments, the IC50 at which the anti-c-MET antibody binds the c-MET is from about 1x10^-3 nanomolar (nM) to about 1x10^2 nM, from about 1x10^-2 nM to about 1x10^1 nM, or from about 1x10^-1 nanomolar (nM) to about 1x10^0 nM.
[0009] In a second aspect described herein is a bispecific antibody, multispecific antibody or fusion protein comprising the any one of the antibodies described above. Also provided is a bispecific antibody that binds to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-MET. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises a first binding region that binds to EGFR comprising: (a) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 1 (HCDR1) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (b) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 2 (HCDR2) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; and / or (c) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises a second binding region that binds to c-MET comprising: (a) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 1 (HCDR1) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22; (b) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 2 (HCDR2) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; and / or (c) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 or 30. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises a first binding region that binds to EGFR comprising: (a) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 1 (HCDR1) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (b) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 2 (HCDR2) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; and / or (c) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3; and a second binding region that binds to c-MET comprising: (a) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 1 (HCDR1) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22; (b) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 2 (HCDR2) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; and / or (c) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 or 30.
[0010] In some embodiments, the first and / or the second binding regions are humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions. In some embodiments, the EGFR is a human EGFR protein, a mouse EGFR protein and / or a monkey EGFR protein. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to that set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20. In some embodiments, the c-MET is a human c-MET protein, a mouse c-MET protein and / or a monkey c-MET protein. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to that set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. In some embodiments, the bispecific comprises the amino acid sequences of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions set forth in: (1) SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 21, (2) SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 25, or (3) SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 29; or amino acid sequences at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to those in any one of 1) to 3) .
[0011] In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody further comprises a first heavy chain constant region and / or a second heavy chain constant region, wherein the first heavy chain constant region and / or a second heavy chain constant region comprise an immunoglobulin CH1 domain, an immunoglobulin CH2 domain and / or an immunoglobulin CH3 domain. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody further comprises a first heavy chain constant region and / or a second heavy chain constant region, wherein the first heavy chain constant region and / or a second heavy chain constant region comprise an immunoglobulin CH1 domain, an immunoglobulin CH2 domain, an immunoglobulin CH3 domain and / or CH4 domain. In some embodiments, the first and / or second heavy chain constant region does not comprise an immunoglobulin CH1 domain. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin CH2 domain, the immunoglobulin CH3 domain, or both the immunoglobulin CH2 domain and the immunoglobulin CH3 domain are from human IgG1 or human IgG4. In some embodiments, the immunoglobulin CH2 or immunoglobulin CH3 domain comprises one or more alterations compared to a wild-type human IgG1 that reduces homodimerization of the first heavy chain constant region and / or reduces homodimerization of the second heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the first and second heavy chain constant regions are identical and form a homodimeric Fc domain. In some embodiments, the first and second heavy chain constant regions are different from each other and form a heterodimeric Fc domain using any technique that can be used to generate heterodimerization domains within the antibodies.
[0012] In some embodiments, the first and second heavy chain constant regions are different from each other and form a heterodimeric Fc domain comprising knob-into-hole modifications. In some embodiments, the first and / or second heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37 or 38. In some embodiments, the first heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39 and the second heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40. In some embodiments, the first heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40 and the second heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39. In some embodiments, the first binding region is coupled to the first heavy chain constant region by a polypeptide linker, and / or the second binding region is coupled to the second heavy chain constant region by a chemical bond (e.g. peptide bond) or a polypeptide linker. In some embodiments, the first binding region is coupled to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the first heavy chain constant region; and / or the second binding region is coupled to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the second heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker is a GS linker. In some embodiments, the GS linker comprises a sequence set forth in any one of SEQ ID NO: 45 to 55. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to that set forth in any one amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 33, and / or an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to that set forth in any one amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 34 to 36. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody further comprises a third binding region that binds to EGFR and a fourth binding region that binds to c-MET. In some embodiments, the second binding region is coupled to the N-terminus of the first binding region, and the fourth binding region is coupled to the N-terminus of the third binding region; and wherein the first and the third binding regions are coupled to the N-termini of the first and second heavy chain constant regions, respectively. In some embodiments, the first and third binding regions are coupled to the C-termini of the first and second heavy chain constant regions, respectively, and wherein the N-termini of the second and fourth heavy chain constant regions are coupled to the C-termini of the second and fourth binding regions, respectively. In some embodiments, the first and third binding regions are identical, and the second and fourth binding regions are identical. In some embodiments, the bispecific antibody comprises a first chain and a second chain, wherein: 1) the first chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH1-CH2-CH3 and the second chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH2-CH2-CH3; 2) the first chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: CH2-CH3-VH1 and the second chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: CH2-CH3-VH2; 3) the first chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH1-VH2-CH2-CH3 and the second chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH1-VH2-CH2-CH3; 4) the first chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH2-VH1-CH2-CH3 and the second chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH2-VH1-CH2-CH3; 5) the first chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH1-CH2-CH3-VH2 and the second chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH1-CH2-CH3-VH2; or 6) the first chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH2-CH2-CH3-VH1 and the second chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH2-CH2-CH3-VH1; wherein the VH1 binds to EGFR and the VH2 binds to c-MET, the CH2 and the CH3 in the first chain and the CH2 and the CH3 in the second chain form a heterodimeric Fc domain comprising knob-into-hole modification, and the "-" represents a peptide bond or a polypeptide linker. In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker is a GS linker. In some embodiments, the GS linker is a G (1 to30) S (1 to 30) linker, wherein G (1 to 30) mains the mumber of G in the GS linker is any one from 1 to 30, and S (1 to 30) mains the mumber of S in the GS linker is any one from 1 to 30. In some embodiments, the GS linker comprises one or more G4S. In some embodiments, the GS linker comprises any one selected from SEQ ID NO: 45 to 55. In some embodiments, the GS linker consists of one or more sequences selected from SEQ ID NO: 45 to 55. In some embodiments, the GS linker comprises one or more of a sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 45 to 55.
[0013] In the third aspect described herein is a nucleic acid encoding any one of the antibodies or bispecific antibodies described above. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is a DNA, an RNA (e.g. mRNA) or a hybrid thereof. Also provide is a host cell comprising the aforementioned nucleic acid. Also proved is a pharmaceutical composition comprising any one of the antibodies, the bispecific antibodies, the nucleic acids, or the host cells described above. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent comprising any one of the antibodies, the bispecific antibodies, the nucleic acids, or the host cells described above is also disclosed here. Besides, a method for treating a cancer is also provided herein, wherein the method comprises administering an effective amount of any one of the antibodies or bispecific antibodies described above to an individual in need thereof. Also provided is a method for the inhibition of cancer cells in vitro, wherein the method comprises administering an effective amount of any one of the antibodies or bispecific antibodies described above to an individual in need thereof. In some embodiments, the cancer has acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors. In some embodiments, the cancer has EGFR mutation (s) that is resistant to EGFR inhibitors.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] The novel features described herein are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. A better understanding of the features and advantages of the features described herein will be obtained by reference to the following detailed description that sets forth illustrative examples, in which the principles of the features described herein are utilized, and the accompanying drawings of which:
[0015] FIG. 1A shows the binding activities of anti-EGFR antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein with EGFR, as measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) .
[0016] FIG. 1B shows the blocking activities of anti-EGFR antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein against the binding of EGFR and an anti-EGFR antibody, as measured by ELISA.
[0017] FIG. 2A shows the binding activities of anti-c-MET antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein with c-MET, as measured by ELISA.
[0018] FIG. 2B shows the blocking activities of anti-c-MET antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein against the binding of c-MET and an anti-c-MET antibody, as measured by ELISA.
[0019] FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C depict the domain organization of exemplary bispecific antibodies disclosed herein. Wherein αcMET part represents a heavy chain variable region that binds to c-MET and αEGFR part represents a heavy chain variable region that binds to EGFR.
[0020] FIG. 4 shows the antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of the exemplary bispecific antibodies described herein on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) . PBMC killing is expressed as inhibition %.
[0021] FIGs. 5A and 5B show the internalization of the exemplary bispecific antibodies described herein by H1975 cells at different time and concentrations.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Terms
[0023] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this technology belongs. All technical and patent publications cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Those skilled in the art will employ, unless otherwise indicated, conventional techniques of tissue culture, immunology, molecular biology, microbiology, cell biology and recombinant DNA, which are within the skill of the art. See, e.g., Sambrook and Russell eds. (2001) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, 3rd edition; Harlow and Lane eds. (1999) Antibodies, A Laboratory Manual. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES: A PRACTICAL APPROACH (Shepherd, P. et al. Eds., 2000) Oxford University Press, USA, New York N. Y.
[0024] The term "antibody" herein is used in the broadest sense and specifically includes fulllength monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, and, unless otherwise stated or contradicted by context, antigen-binding fragments, antibody variants, and multispecific molecules thereof, so long as they exhibit the desired biological activity. Generally, a full-length antibody is a glycoprotein comprising at least two heavy chains and two light chains inter-connected by disulfide bonds, or an antigen binding portion thereof. The term antibody is intended to encompass immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active fragments of immunoglobulin molecules, i.e., molecules that contain an antigen binding site. Immunoglobulin molecules can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA and IgY) , class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) or subclass. Thus, an "antibody" can also be a single variable domain on a heavy chain (VHH) antibody, also referred to as a heavy chain only antibody (HcAb) , which are devoid of light chains and can be naturally produced by camelids or sharks. The antigen binding portion of the HcAb is comprised of a VHH fragment. In this application, unless otherwise specified, the term “VHH antibody” or “HcAb” encompasses both naturally produced and synthesized heavy chain only antibody, for example humanized heavy chain only antibody with CDRs from natural VHH fragment and FRs from human being.
[0025] The terms “heavy chain” ( “CH” ) , “light chain” ( “CL” ) , “light chain variable region” ( “VL” ) , “heavy chain variable region” ( “VH” ) , “framework region” ( “FR” ) , refer to domains in naturally occurring immunoglobulins and the corresponding domains of synthetic (e.g., recombinant) binding proteins (e.g., humanized antibodies) . The basic structural unit of naturally occurring immunoglobulins (e.g., IgG, HcAb, VHH antibody, etc. ) is a tetramer having two light chains and two heavy chains. The amino-terminal ( “N” ) portion of each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to 110 or more amino acids primarily responsible for antigen recognition. The carboxy-terminal ( “C” portion of each chain defines a constant region, with light chains having a single constant domain and heavy chains usually having three constant domains and a hinge region. Thus, the structure of the light chains of a naturally occurring IgG molecule is N-VL-CL-C and the structure of IgG heavy chains is N-VH-CH1-H-CH2-CH3-C (where H is the hinge region) . The variable region of an IgG molecule consists of the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) , which contain the residues in contact with antigen and non-CDR segments, referred to as framework segments, which maintain the structure and determine the positioning of the CDR loops. Thus, the VL and VH domains have the structure N-FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4-C.
[0026] The term of “antigen binding fragment” of an antibody (or simply “antibody fragment” ) , as used herein, refers to one or more fragments of an antibody that retain the ability to specifically bind to an antigen (e.g., EGFR protein) . An “antigen binding fragment” , and all grammatical variants thereof, are defined as a portion of an intact antibody comprising the antigen binding site or variable region of the intact antibody which, in certain instances, is free of the constant heavy chain domains (i.e., CH2, CH3, and / or CH4, depending on antibody isotype) of the Fc region of the intact antibody. Examples of antibody fragments include Fab, Fab’, Fab’-SH, F (ab’) 2, and Fv fragments; diabodies; any antibody fragment that is a polypeptide having a primary structure consisting of one uninterrupted sequence of contiguous amino acid residues (referred to herein as a “single-chain antibody fragment” or “single chain polypeptide” ) , including without limitation (1) single-chain Fv (scFv) molecules, (2) single chain polypeptides containing only one light chain variable domain, or a fragment thereof that contains the three CDRs of the light chain variable domain, without an associated heavy chain moiety, and (3) single chain polypeptides containing only one heavy chain variable region, or a fragment thereof containing the three CDRs of the heavy chain variable region, without an associated light chain moiety; and multispecific or multivalent structures formed from antibody fragments. In an antibody fragment comprising one or more heavy chains, the heavy chain (s) can contain any constant domain sequence (e.g., CH1 in the IgG isotype) found in a non-Fc region of an intact antibody, and / or can contain any hinge region sequence found in an intact antibody, and / or can contain a leucine zipper sequence fused to or situated in the hinge region sequence or the constant domain sequence of the heavy chain (s) .
[0027] Papain digestion of antibodies produces two identical antigen binding fragments, called “Fab” fragments, each with a single antigen binding site, and a residual Fc fragment, whose name reflects its ability to crystallize readily. The “Fab” fragment also contains the constant domain of the light chain and the first constant domain (CH1) of the heavy chain. “Fab'” fragments differ from Fab fragments by the addition of a few residues at the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain CH1 domain including one or more cysteines from the antibody hinge region. “Fab'-SH” is the designation for Fab' in which the cysteine residue (s) of the constant domains have a free thiol group. “F (ab') ” fragments are produced by cleavage of the disulfide bond at the hinge cysteines of the “F (ab') 2” which is pepsin digestion product. “Fv” is the minimum antibody fragment which contains a complete antigen-recognition and -binding site. In a two-chain Fv species, this region consists of a dimer of one heavy-and one light-chain variable domain in tight, non-covalent association. In a single-chain Fv species (scFv) , one heavy-and one light-chain variable domain can be covalently linked by a flexible peptide linker such that the light and heavy chains can associate in a “dimeric” structure analogous to that in a two-chain Fv species. It is in this configuration that the three CDRs of each variable domain interact to define an antigen-binding site on the surface of the VH-VL dimer. Collectively, the six CDRs confer antigen-binding specificity to the antibody. However, even a single variable domain (or half of an Fv comprising only three CDRs specific for an antigen) has the ability to recognize and bind antigen, although at a lower affinity than the entire binding site. See, e.g., Pluckthun, in The Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies, Vol. 113, Rosenburg and Moore eds., Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315 (1994) .
[0028] A “Fd” fragment consists of the VH and CH1 domains. A “dAb” fragment (Ward et al., (1989) Nature 341: 544-546) consists of a VH or VL domain. An isolated complementarity determining region (CDR) and a combination of two or more isolated CDRs which may optionally be joined by a synthetic linker.
[0029] The term “diabodies” refers to small antibody fragments with two antigen-binding sites, which fragments comprise a heavy-chain variable domain (VH) connected to a light-chain variable domain (VL) in the same polypeptide chain (VH-VL) . By using a linker that is too short to allow pairing between the two domains on the same chain, the domains are forced to pair with the complementary domains of another chain and create two antigen-binding sites. Diabodies are described more fully in, for example, EP 404, 097; WO 93 / 11161; and Hollinger et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90: 6444-48 (1993) .
[0030] These antibody fragments are obtained using conventional techniques known to those with skill in the art, for example, by recombinant DNA techniques, or by enzymatic or chemical cleavage of intact immunoglobulins.
[0031] As used herein, the term “variable” refers to the fact that certain portions of the variable domains differ extensively in sequence among antibodies and are used in the binding and specificity of each particular antibody for its particular antigen. However, the variability is not evenly distributed throughout the variable domains of antibodies. It is concentrated in three segments called complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) or hypervariable regions both in the light-chain and the heavy-chain variable domains. As used herein, the 3 CDRs from N terminal to C terminal on a heavy chain is referred to as HCDR1, HCDR2, and HCDR3, while the 3 CDRs from N terminal (or terminus) to C terminal (terminus) on a light chain is referred to as LCDR1, LCDR2, and LCDR3. And CDR1 to CDR3 represents LCDR1 to LCDR3 or HCDR1 to HCDR3 respectively. Correspondingly, the more highly conserved portions of variable domains are called the framework (FR) . The variable domains of native heavy and light chains each comprise four FR regions, largely adopting a β-sheet configuration, connected by three CDRs, which form loops connecting, and in some cases forming part of, the β-sheet structure. As used herein, the 4 FRs from N terminal to C terminal on a heavy chain is referred to as HFR1, HFR2, HFR3, and HFR4, while the 4 FRs from N terminal to C terminal on a light chain is referred to as LFR1, LFR2, LFR3 and LFR4. And FR1 to FR4 represents LFR1 to LFR4 or HFR1 to HFR4 respectively. The CDRs in each chain are held together in close proximity by the FR regions and, with the CDRs from the other chain, contribute to the formation of the antigen-binding site of antibodies. The constant domains are not involved directly in binding an antibody to an antigen, but exhibit various effector functions, such as participation of the antibody in antibody-dependent cellular toxicity. Variable region sequences of interest include the humanized variable region sequences for EGFR and / or cMETantibodies described in detail elsewhere herein.
[0032] The term “complementarity determining region (CDR) ” or “hypervariable region (HVR) ” may refer to the subregions of the VH and VL domains characterized by enhanced sequence variability and / or formation of defined loops. These include three CDRs in the VH domain (H1, H2, and H3) and three CDRs in the VL domain (L1, L2, and L3) . H3 is believed to be critical in imparting fine binding specificity, with L3 and H3 showing the highest level of diversity. See Johnson and Wu, in Methods in Molecular Biology 248: 1-25 (Lo, ed., Human Press, Totowa, N. J., 2003) .
[0033] “Numbering according to Kabat” may refer to the numbering system used for heavy chain variable domains or light chain variable domains of the compilation of antibodies in Kabat et al., supra. The actual linear amino acid sequence may contain fewer or additional amino acids corresponding to a shortening of, or insertion into, a FR or CDR / HVR of the variable domain. The Kabat numbering of residues may be determined for a given antibody by alignment at regions of homology of the sequence of the antibody with a “standard” Kabat numbered sequence. Typically, the Kabat numbering is used when referring to a residue in the variable domains (approximately residues 1-107 of the light chain and residues 1-113 of the heavy chain) , whereas the EU numbering system or index (e.g., the EU index as in Kabat, numbering according to EU IgG1) is generally used when referring to a residue in the heavy chain constant region.
[0034] As used herein, a “monoclonal antibody” refers to an antibody obtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies, e.g., substantially identical but allowing for minor levels of background mutations and / or modifications. “Monoclonal” denotes the substantially homogeneous character of antibodies, and does not require production of the antibody by any particular method. In some embodiments, a monoclonal antibody is selected by its CDR / HVR, VH, and / or VL sequences and / or binding properties, e.g., selected from a pool of clones (e.g., recombinant, hybridoma, or phage-derived) . A monoclonal antibody may be engineered to include one or more mutations, e.g., to affect binding affinity or other properties of the antibody, create a humanized or chimeric antibody, improve antibody production and / or homogeneity, engineer a multispecific antibody, resultant antibodies of which are still considered to be monoclonal in nature. A population of monoclonal antibodies may be distinguished from polyclonal antibodies as the individual monoclonal antibodies of the population recognize the same antigenic site. A variety of techniques for production of monoclonal antibodies are known; see, e.g., the hybridoma method (e.g., Kohler and Milstein, Nature, 256: 495-97 (1975) ; Hongo et al., Hybridoma, 14 (3) : 253-260 (1995) , Harlow et al., Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2nd ed. 1988) ; Hammerling et al., in: Monoclonal Antibodies and T-Cell Hybridomas 563-681 (Elsevier, N. Y., 1981) ) , recombinant DNA methods (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567) , phage-display technologies (see, e.g., Clackson et al., Nature, 352: 624-628 (1991) ; Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol. 222: 581-597 (1992) ; Sidhu et al., J. Mol. Biol. 338 (2) : 299-310 (2004) ; Lee et al., J. Mol. Biol. 340 (5) : 1073-1093 (2004) ; Fellouse, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101 (34) : 12467-12472 (2004) ; and Lee et al., J. Immunol. Methods 284 (1-2) : 119-132 (2004) , and technologies for producing human or human-like antibodies in animals that have parts or all of the human immunoglobulin loci or genes encoding human immunoglobulin sequences (see, e.g., WO 1998 / 24893; WO 1996 / 34096; WO 1996 / 33735; WO 1991 / 10741; Jakobovits et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 2551 (1993) ; Jakobovits et al., Nature 362: 255-258 (1993) ; Bruggemann et al., Year in Immunol. 7: 33 (1993) ; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,545,807; 5,545,806; 5,569,825; 5,625,126; 5,633,425; and 5,661,016; Marks et al., Bio / Technology 10: 779-783 (1992) ; Lonberg et al., Nature 368: 856-859 (1994) ; Morrison, Nature 368: 812-813 (1994) ; Fishwild et al., Nature Biotechnol. 14: 845-851 (1996) ; Neuberger, Nature Biotechnol. 14: 826 (1996) ; and Lonberg and Huszar, Intern. Rev. Immunol. 13: 65-93 (1995) .
[0035] As used herein the phrase “bispecific antibody” or “bispecific antigen binding antibody” or “bifunctional antibody” is an artificial hybrid antibody having two different heavy / light chain pairs and two different binding sites.
[0036] As used herein, the term “native antibodies and immunoglobulins” are usually heterotetrameric glycoproteins of about 150,000 Daltons, composed of two identical light (L) chains and two identical heavy (H) chains. Each light chain is linked to a heavy chain by one covalent disulfide bond (also termed a “VH / VL pair” ) , while the number of disulfide linkages varies between the heavy chains of different immunoglobulin isotypes. Each heavy and light chain also has regularly spaced intrachain disulfide bridges. Each heavy chain has at one end a variable domain (VH) followed by a number of constant domains. Each light chain has a variable domain at one end (VL) and a constant domain at its other end; the constant domain of the light chain is aligned with the first constant domain of the heavy chain, and the light chain variable domain is aligned with the variable domain of the heavy chain. Particular amino acid residues are believed to form an interface between the light-and heavy-chain variable domains. See, e.g., Chothia et al., J. Mol. Biol., 186: 651 (1985) ; Novotny and Haber, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 82: 4592 (1985) .
[0037] “Chimeric antibodies” may refer to an antibody with one portion of the heavy and / or light chain from a particular isotype, class, or organism and another portion from another isotype, class, or organism. In some embodiments, the variable region will be from one source or organism, and the constant region will be from another.
[0038] “Humanized antibodies” may refer to antibodies with predominantly human sequence and a minimal amount of non-human (e.g., mouse or chicken) sequence. In some embodiments, a humanized antibody has one or more CDR sequences (bearing a binding specificity of interest) from an antibody derived from a non-human (e.g., mouse or chicken) organism grafted onto a human recipient antibody framework (FR) . In some embodiments, non-human residues are further grafted onto the human framework (not present in either source or recipient antibodies) , e.g., to improve antibody properties. In general, a humanized antibody will comprise substantially all of at least one, and typically two, variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the hypervariable loops correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin, and all or substantially all of the FRs are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence. The humanized antibody optionally will also comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constant region (Fc) , typically that of a human immunoglobulin. See Jones et al., Nature 321: 522-525 (1986) ; Riechmann et al., Nature 332: 323-329 (1988) ; and Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol. 2: 593-596 (1992) .
[0039] A “human antibody” may refer to an antibody having an amino acid sequence which corresponds to that of an antibody produced by a human and / or has been made using any of the techniques for making human antibodies as disclosed herein. Human antibodies can be produced using various techniques known in the art, including phage-display libraries. Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol., 227: 381 (1991) ; Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222: 581 (1991) ; preparation of human monoclonal antibodies as described in Cole et al., Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77 (1985) ; Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147 (1) : 86-95 (1991) ; and by administering the antigen to a transgenic animal that has been modified to produce such antibodies in response to antigenic challenge, but whose endogenous loci have been disabled, e.g., immunized xenomice (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,075,181 and 6,150,584 regarding XENOMOUSETM technology) or chickens with human immunoglobulin sequence (s) (see, e.g., WO2012162422, WO2011019844, and WO2013059159) .
[0040] There are five major classes of immunoglobulins: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM, and several of these can be further divided into subclasses (isotypes) , e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, IgA2. The heavy-chain constant domains that correspond to the different classes of immunoglobulins are called α, δ, ε, γ, and μ, respectively. The subunit structures and three-dimensional configurations of different classes of immunoglobulins are well known.
[0041] As used herein, the term “epitope” means any antigenic determinant on an antigen to which the paratope of an antibody binds. Epitopic determinants usually consist of chemically active surface groupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and usually have specific three-dimensional structural characteristics, as well as specific charge characteristics.
[0042] A "conjugate" as used herein refer to a protein covalently linked to one or more heterologous molecule (s) , including but not limited to a therapeutic peptide or protein, an antibody, a label, or a neurological disorder drug.
[0043] As used herein the term "coupled" refers to the joining or connection of two or more objects together, and the connection can be non-covalently (e.g., by ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic or Van der Waals bonds) and / or covalently. When referring to a covalent connection between two or more chemical or biological compounds, "coupled" equals "conjugated" . By way of a non-limiting example, an antibody of the application can be coupled with a peptide of interest to form an antibody coupled peptide. An antibody coupled peptide can be formed through specific chemical reactions designed to conjugate the antibody to the peptide. In certain embodiments, an antibody of the application can be covalently coupled with a peptide of the application through a linker. The linker can, for example, be first covalently connected to the antibody or the peptide, then covalently connected to the peptide or the antibody.
[0044] A “blocking” antibody or an “antagonist” antibody is one which inhibits or reduces biological activity of the antigen it binds. Preferred blocking antibodies or antagonist antibodies substantially or completely inhibit the biological activity of the antigen.
[0045] The term "isolated" as used herein refers to molecules or biological or cellular materials being substantially free from other materials. For example, a nucleic acid or peptide that is substantially free of cellular material, viral material, or culture medium when produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemically synthesized. Moreover, an “isolated nucleic acid” is meant to include nucleic acid fragments which are not naturally occurring as fragments and would not be found in the natural state. The term “isolated” is also used herein to refer to polypeptides which are isolated from other cellular proteins and is meant to encompass both purified and recombinant polypeptides.
[0046] “Affinity” refers to the total strength of noncovalent interactions between a single binding site of a molecule (e.g., an antibody) and its binding partner (e.g., an antigen) . Unless indicated otherwise, as used herein, "binding affinity" refers to intrinsic binding affinity which reflects a 1: 1 interaction between members of a binding pair (e.g., antibody and antigen) . Affinity can be measured by common methods known in the art, including, for example, Biacore, radioimmunoassay (RIA) and ELISA.
[0047] The affinity of a molecule X for its partner Y can generally be represented by equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) , calculated as the ratio koff / kon (kd / ka) . See, e.g., Chen, Y., et al., (1999) J. MoI Biol 293: 865-881. Low-affinity antibodies generally bind antigen slowly and tend to dissociate readily, whereas high-affinity antibodies generally bind antigen faster and tend to remain bound longer. In one embodiment of the application, the “dissociation rate (kd) ” is measured by using surface plasmon resonance assays. An “on-rate” or “rate of association” or “association rate (ka) ” or “kon” according to this application can also be determined with the same surface plasmon resonance technique and calculated using a simple one-to-one Langmuir binding model (BIAcore Evaluation Software) by simultaneous fitting the association and dissociation sensor gram.
[0048] The term “EC50” , as used herein, refers to the concentration of an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, which binds to the antigen and / or induces a response, either in an in vitro or an in vivo assay, which is 50%of the maximal binding or response, i.e., halfway between the maximal binding or response and the baseline.
[0049] As used herein, the term “subject” for purposes of treatment refers to any animal classified as a mammal, including humans, domestic and farm animals, and zoo, sports, or pet animals, such as dogs, horses, cats, cows, etc. Preferably, the mammal is human.
[0050] As used herein, percent of “homology” or “identity” is used in the context of two or more nucleic acids or polypeptide sequences, referring to two or more sequences or subsequences that are the same or have a specified percentage of nucleotides or amino acid residues that are the same, e.g., at least 80%identity, preferably at least 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or higher identity over a specified region (e.g., nucleotide sequence encoding an antibody described herein or amino acid sequence of an antibody described herein) . Homology can be determined by comparing a position in each sequence which may be aligned for purposes of comparison. When a position in the compared sequence is occupied by the same base or amino acid, then the molecules are homologous at that position. A degree of homology between sequences is a function of the number of matching or homologous positions shared by the sequences. The alignment and the percent homology or sequence identity can be determined using software programs known in the art. Preferably, default parameters are used for alignment. A preferred alignment program is BLAST, using default parameters. Preferred programs are BLASTN and BLASTP. Details of these programs can be found at the following Internet address: ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / cgi-bin / BLAST.
[0051] The term “about” as used herein refers to the usual error range for the respective value readily known to the skilled person in this technical field. Reference to “about” a value or parameter herein includes (and describes) embodiments that are directed to that value or parameter per se.
[0052] It is understood that aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure include “comprising, ” “consisting, ” and “consisting essentially of” aspects and embodiments. The present application will be described with respect to particular embodiments and with reference to certain drawings, but the application is not limited thereto but only by the claims. The term “comprising” as used in the present description and claims does not exclude other elements or steps. Where an indefinite or definite article is used when referring to a singular noun e.g., “a” or “an” , “the” , this includes a plural of that noun unless something else is specifically stated. All references cited herein, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0053] Epidermal growth factor receptor and mesenchymal epithelial transition factor
[0054] Provided herein are antibodies or antigen-binding fragments and uses thereof for treating cancer. Cancer can be triggered by various mutation (s) . In some instances, overexpression or overactivation mutations in EGFR (aliases comprising ErbB-1 or HER1) can drive cancer or tumor growth. EGFR is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase and a member of the ErbB family of receptors. Binding of its ligands, such as EGF and / or transforming growth factor alpha, can trigger the homo-dimerization of the EGFR monomer. A EGFR monomer and other members of the ErbB family-such as ErbB2, Her2, or neu-may also dimerize upon ligand binding. Dimerization of EGFR can trigger the autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues via its intracellular protein tyrosine kinase domain. The autophosphorylation can activate the EGFR and the downstream signaling cascades, comprising RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways, leading to various cellular functions such as cell growth and / or cell migration (see Sigismund et al., Mol Oncol. 2018 Jan; 12 (1) : 3–20., which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) .
[0055] While EGFR inhibitors can inhibit the growth of various types of cancer cells or tumors, cancer cells / tumors can evade the inhibition by acquiring therapeutic resistance via mutational or non-mutational modifications of other cellular components or pathways. For example, c-MET, another transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, can exhibit signaling cross-talks with EGFR in the cancer cell (See Velpula et al., Transl Oncol. 2012 Oct; 5 (5) : 379–392., which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) . Activation of c-MET via binding of its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) , can also activate RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAPK and AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathways, leading to cell growth and / or cell migration (see Puri et al., Carcinog . 2008; 7: 9, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) . In cancer cells, c-MET can bind EGFR; and activation and inhibition of EGFR can activate or inhibit the HGF-induced c-MET activation, respectively (Velpula et al) . Similarly, the activation and inhibition of c-MET can also activate or inhibit the EGFR-induced downstream signaling cascade, respectively. Furthermore, overexpression or amplification of c-MET can be detected in patients that have developed resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Combinatorial inhibition of EGFR and c-MET can exhibit synergistic inhibition of cancer cells, relative to that of the individual inhibition (Velpula et al) . However, combinatorial inhibition using individual target inhibitor may require individual regulatory review and approval.
[0056] Targeting EGFR and / or c-MET simultaneously can thus increase the efficacy of the currently available treatments. Additionally, simultaneously targeting EGFR and / or c-MET can also be effective against cancer that has acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors (See Moores et al., Cancer Res . 2016 Jul 1; 76 (13) : 3942-53., which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) . For example, Amivantamab, a bispecific antibody that targets both EGFR and c-MET, can be effective in treating cancer with EGFR mutation (s) that is resistant to EGFR inhibitors (see Park et al., J Clin Oncol . 2021 Oct 20; 39 (30) : 3391-3402., which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) .
[0057] However, currently available therapies such as Amivantamab or its derivatives can lack effectiveness, specificity, and / or robustness against various tumors or cancers. Additionally, currently available therapies may lack effectiveness in crossing blood-brain barriers (BBB) , which may hinder their ability to treat cancer or tumor in the brain. Currently available therapies may also trigger immunogenic reactions and / or other side-effects.
[0058] Antibody / antigen-binding fragments
[0059] Anti-EGFR antibody / antigen-binding fragments
[0060] Disclosed herein are antibodies or antigen-binding fragments that bind to EGFR (e.g., an anti-EGFR antibodies or antigen-binding fragments) . An anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise an EGFR binding region. The EGFR binding region may comprise a complementarity determining region (CDR) region. The EGFR binding region may comprise a CDR in the heavy chain variable region (HCDR region) . The EGFR binding region may comprise a CDR in the light chain variable region (LCDR region) . In some cases, the CDR region binding to EGFR comprises HCDR, LCDR, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the CDR region binding to EGFR comprises HCDR and LCDR. In some cases, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3 (three CDRs in the heavy chain variable region) , or a combination thereof. In some cases, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3 (three CDRs in the light chain variable region) , or a combination thereof. In some cases, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3, or a combination thereof.
[0061] In some cases, the HCDR1 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1. In some cases, the HCDR2 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2. In some cases, the HCDR3 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some cases, the HCDR1 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, the HCDR2 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, the HCDR3 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3, or any combinations thereof. In some cases, the HCDR1 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, and / or the HCDR2 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2. In some cases, the HCDR1 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, and / or the HCDR3 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some cases, the HCDR2 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, and / or the HCDR3 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some cases, the HCDR1 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, the HCDR2 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, and the HCDR3 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3. In some cases, the HCDRs of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any HCDR disclosed in Table 4.
[0062] In some instances, the EGFR binding region may comprise an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) . In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 85 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 90 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 95 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 97 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 98 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 99 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence that is 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 5. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 6. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 7. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 8. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 9. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 10. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 11. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 12. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 13. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 14. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 15. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 16. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 17. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 18. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 19. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 20. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 4. In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region comprises an amino acid sequence to any sequence disclosed in Tables 4 and 6.
[0063] In some cases, the VH of the EGFR binding region is humanized. In some cases, the HCDR region of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment is grafted onto the most homologous humanized heavy chain template. The humanized heavy chain template may comprise any of those described herein. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-30*02, IGHV3-66*01, IGHV3-53*04, IGHV3-23*01, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-30*02. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-66*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-53*04. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-23*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHJ1*01, IGHJ4*01, IGHJ5*02, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHJ1*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHJ4*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHJ5*02. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-30*02 and IGHJ1*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-66*01 and IGHJ1*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-53*04 and IGHJ1*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-23*01 and IGHJ1*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-30*02 and IGHJ4*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-66*01 and IGHJ4*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-53*04 and IGHJ4*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-23*01 and IGHJ4*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-30*02 and IGHJ5*02. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-66*01 and IGHJ5*02. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-53*04 and IGHJ5*02. IGHV3-23*01 and IGHJ5*02. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises any of those described in Table 6.
[0064] A humanized anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may have at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %decrease in immunogenicity, relative to that of the comparable non-humanized anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment. A humanized anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may have at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %decrease in immunogenicity, relative to that of the comparable non-humanized anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment.
[0065] The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise back-mutations. The back-mutations may comprise, by Kabat numbering, V37F, K94A, G44E, L45R, F27Y, T28I, F29S, F29S, R71Q, N73S, L78V, S49A, R94A, or any combinations thereof. The back-mutations may comprise, by Kabat numbering, V37F and K94A; V37F, G44E, L45R, and K94A; F27Y, T28I, F29S, G44E, L45R, and K94A; V37F, G44E, L45R, R71Q, N73S, L78V, and K94A; V37F, S49A, and R94A; V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, and R94A; F27Y, T28I, F29S, V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, and R94A; V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, R71Q, N73S, L78V, and R94A; V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, and R94A; V37F, S49A, and K94A; V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, and K94A; F27Y, T28I, F29S, V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, and K94A; V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, R71Q, N73S, L78V, and K94A; or any combinations thereof. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27Y or 27F, 28I or 28T, 29S or 29V or 29F, 37F, 44E or 44G, 45R or 45L, 49A, 71Q or 71R, 73S or 73N, 78V or 78L, 94A, or any combinations thereof. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27F, 28T, 29F, 37F, 44G, 45L, 49A, 71R, 73N, 78L, and 94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27F, 28T, 29F, 37F, 44E, 45R, 49A, 71R, 73N, 78L, and 94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27Y, 28I, 29S, 37F, 44E, 45R, 49A, 71R, 73N, 78L, and 94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27F, 28T, 29F, 37F, 44E, 45R, 49A, 71Q, 73S, 78V, and 94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27F, 28T, 29V, 37F, 44G, 45L, 49A, 71R, 73N, 78L, and 94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27Y, 28I, 29S, 37F, 44E, 45R, 49A, 71R, 73N, 78L, and 94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27F, 28T, 29V, 37F, 44E, 45R, 49A, 71Q, 73S, 78V, and 94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27F, 28T, 29F, 37F, 44G, 45L, 49A, 71R, 73N, 78L, and 94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27F, 28T, 29F, 37F, 44E, 45R, 49A, 71R, 73N, 78L, and 94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27Y, 28I, 29S, 37F, 44G, 45R, 49A, 71R, 73N, 78L, and 94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise the amino acids, by Kabat numbering, 27F, 28T, 29F, 37F, 44G, 45R, 49A, 71Q, 73S, 78V, and 94A.
[0066] The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-30*02, IGHJ1*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F and K94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-30*02, IGHJ1*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F, G44E, L45R, and K94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-30*02, IGHJ1*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) F27Y, T28I, F29S, V37F, G44E, L45R, and K94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-30*02, IGHJ1*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F, G44E, L45R, R71Q, N73S, L78V, and K94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-66*01, IGHJ4*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F, S49A, and R94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-66*01, IGHJ4*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, and R94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-66*01, IGHJ4*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) F27Y, T28I, F29S, V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, and R94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-66*01, IGHJ4*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, R71Q, N73S, L78V, and R94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-53*04, IGHJ5*02 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F, S49A, and R94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-53*04, IGHJ5*02 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, and R94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-53*04, IGHJ5*02 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) F27Y, T28I, F29S, V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, and R94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-53*04, IGHJ5*02 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, R71Q, N73S, L78V, and R94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-23*01, IGHJ1*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F, S49A, K94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-23*01, IGHJ1*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, and K94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-23*01, IGHJ1*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) F27Y, T28I, F29S, V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, and K94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise IGHV3-23*01, IGHJ1*01 and back mutations (according to Kabat numbering) V37F, G44E, L45R, S49A, R71Q, N73S, L78V, and K94A. The VH of the humanized EGFR binding region may comprise any heavy chain template or back-mutations described in Table 6. In some cases, the antigen-binding affinity and humanization of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any of those described in Table 6.1.
[0067] In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain constant region. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment does not comprise a heavy chain constant region. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 85 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 90 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 95 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 97 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 98 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 99 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence that is 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 39. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 40. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 37. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to any sequence disclosed in Table 17 below.
[0068] Table 17: Summary of the heavy chain constant region
[0069] In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG1. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG2. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG3. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG4. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type human IgG1. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type human IgG2. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type human IgG3. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type human IgG4. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated human IgG1. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated human IgG2. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated human IgG3. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated human IgG4.
[0070] In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain (second constant region) , CH3 domain (third constant region) , or both the CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH3 domain. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises both the CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain, CH3 domain, or both the CH2 and CH3 domains; but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment does not comprise a CH1 domain. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH3 domain but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises CH2 and CH3 domains but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human CH2 domain, human CH3 domain, or both the human CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized CH2 domain, humanized CH3 domain, or both the humanized CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG1 CH2 domain, human IgG1 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG1 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG2 CH2 domain, human IgG2 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG2 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG3 CH2 domain, human IgG3 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG3 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG4 CH2 domain, human IgG4 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG4 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG1 CH2 domain, humanized IgG1 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG1 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG2 CH2 domain, humanized IgG2 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG2 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG3 CH2 domain, humanized IgG3 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG3 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG4 CH2 domain, humanized IgG4 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG4 CH2 and CH3 domains.
[0071] In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region is coupled to the heavy chain constant region by a polypeptide linker. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region is coupled to the heavy chain constant region without a polypeptide linker (i.e., the binding region is coupled to the heavy chain constant region directly by a chemical bond, such as a peptide bond) . As used herein, "directly" link or couple refers to linke or couple directly by a chemical bond, such as a peptide bond, but not by a linker (i.e. polypeptide, or other cleavable or non-cleavable linkers) . In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region is coupled to another binding region by a polypeptide linker. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region is coupled to another binding region without a polypeptide linker. The polypeptide linker may comprise a glycine-serine linker (GS linker) . The GS linker may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more glycine residues. The GS linker may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more serine residues. The GS linker may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more glycine residues; and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more serine residues. For example, the polypeptide linker may comprise at least one G4S (i.e., GGGGS; SEQ ID NO: 45) linker. In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker comprises GS (SEQ ID NO: 46) , GGS (SEQ ID NO: 47) , GGGS (SEQ ID NO: 48) , GGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 45) , GGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 49) , GGGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 50) , GGGGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 51) , GGGGGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 52) , GGGGGGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 53) , or GGGGGGGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 54) . In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more GS linkers. In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more G4S linkers. In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker may comprise GGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 55) . In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker may comprise a linker described in Table 18 below:
[0072] Table 18: Summary of the sequences of the polypeptide linkers
[0073] In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region is N-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region is C-terminal to the heavy chain constant region.
[0074] In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding region binds EGFR. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding region binds mammalian EGFR. The EGFR may be a human, mouse, rat, monkey, camelid, donkey, cow, or horse EGFR. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding region binds a polypeptide comprising a sequence that is at least about 50 %, 55 %, 60 %, 70 %, 75 %, 80 %, 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 56. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding region binds a polypeptide comprising a sequence that is at least about 50 %, 55 %, 60 %, 70 %, 75 %, 80 %, 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to a sequence described in Table 19 below. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding region binds a wild-type EGFR, a mutated EGFR, or both the wild-type and mutated EGFRs. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding region binds a wild-type human EGFR, a mutated human EGFR, or both the wild-type and mutated human EGFRs.
[0075] Table 19: Summary of the EGFR sequences
[0076] In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region alters the binding of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment to an FcRn polypeptide, relative to that without the mutation. In some cases, the mutation that alters the binding of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment to an FcRn polypeptide comprises M428L, N434S, M252Y, S254T, T256E, according to EU numbering, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation that alters the binding of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment to an FcRn polypeptide comprises S239D, A330L, I332E, M428L, T250Q, N434S, M252Y, S254T, T256E, according to EU numbering, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises S239D. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises A330L. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises I332E. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M428L. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises T250Q. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises N434S. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M252Y. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises S254T. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises T256E. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M252Y, S254T, T256E or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M252Y, S254T, and T256E. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M428L, N434S, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M428L and N434S. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises T250Q, M428L, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises T250Q and M428L. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M428L, N434S, M252Y, S254T, and T256E. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises S239D, A330L, I332E, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises S239D, A330L, and I332E.
[0077] In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the binding affinity of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment to an FcRn polypeptide by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) without the mutation. In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the binding affinity of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment to an FcRn polypeptide by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold, relative to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) without the mutation. The method to measure binding affinity between the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment and FcRn polypeptide may comprise ELISA or surface plasmon resonance (e.g., a BIACORE system) . The method to measure binding affinity between the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment and FcRn polypeptide may comprise those methods described in this disclosure, such as those described in Examples 2-3.
[0078] In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) has a dissociation constant (KD) of about 1 μM, 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.05 nM, 0.01 nM or less (e.g., 10^-8 M or less, e.g., from 10^-8 M to 10^-13 M, e.g., from 10^-9 M to 10^-13 M) for the FcRn polypeptide. In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) provided herein has a KD of about 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.05 nM, 0.01 nM, or 0.001 nM or greater (e.g., 10^-8 M or less, e.g., from 10^-8 M to 10^-13 M, e.g., from 10^-9 M to 10^-13 M) for the FcRn polypeptide.
[0079] In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region also alters the ADCC activity of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the ADCC activity of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment without the mutation. In some embodiments, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the ADCC activity of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold, relative to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment without the mutation. The method to measure the ADCC activity of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise any methods described herein, such as those described in Example 10.
[0080] In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region alters half-life of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the half-life of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment without the mutation. In some embodiments, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the ADCC activity of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold, relative to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment without the mutation. The method to measure the half-life of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise measuring the time for removal of half of the antibody within a subject subsequent to the subject being administered with the antibody. The subject may be a mammal. The subject may be a human, mouse, rat, or monkey. The subject may be a human.
[0081] In some instances, the heavy chain constant region of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment is afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment is not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. The afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the antibody, antigen-binding fragment, or any functional fragments thereof may not have a fucose or low amount of fucoses attached to the heavy chain region, relative to an antibody, antigen-binding fragment, or any functional fragments that is not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated, respectively. The afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the antibody, antigen-binding fragment, or any functional fragments thereof may have at least 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %fewer fucoses attached to the heavy chain region, relative to those of the comparable antibody that not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. The afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the antibody, antigen-binding fragment, or any functional fragments thereof may have at most 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %fewer fucoses attached to the heavy chain region, relative to those of the comparable antibody that not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated.
[0082] The afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may have increase antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity, relative to those of the comparable antibody that are not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. In some embodiments, the afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen- binding fragment increase the ADCC activity of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to those of the comparable antibody that are not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. In some embodiments, the afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment increase the ADCC activity of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to those of the comparable antibody that are not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. The method to measure the ADCC activity of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise any methods described herein, such as those described in Example 10.
[0083] In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an EGFR polypeptide with a dissociation constant (KD) of at least about 1 μM, 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 4x10^-1 nM, 3x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 4x10^-2 nM, 3x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 4x10^-3 nM, 3x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 4x10^-4 nM, 3x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 4x10^-5 nM, 3x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-6 nM, 4x10^-6 nM, 3x10^-6 nM, 2x10^-6 nM, or 1x10^-6 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an EGFR polypeptide with a dissociation constant (KD) of at most about 1 μM, 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 4x10^-1 nM, 3x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 4x10^-2 nM, 3x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 4x10^-3 nM, 3x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 4x10^-4 nM, 3x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 4x10^-5 nM, 3x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-6 nM, 4x10^-6 nM, 3x10^-6 nM, 2x10^-6 nM, or 1x10^-6 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an EGFR polypeptide with a dissociation constant (KD) that is at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-EGFR antibody. In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an EGFR polypeptide with a dissociation constant (KD) that is at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-EGFR antibody. In some embodiments, the control anti-EGFR antibody comprises Duligotuzumab, zalutumumab, or Amivantamab (SEQ ID NOs: 41-44) . The method to measure the dissociation constant between the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment and an EGFR polypeptide may comprise surface plasmon resonance (e.g., a BIACORE system) . The method to measure the dissociation constant between the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment and an EGFR polypeptide may comprise those methods described in this disclosure, such as those described in Examples 2-3.
[0084] In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an EGFR polypeptide with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of at least about 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 4x10^-1 nM, 3x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 4x10^-2 nM, 3x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 4x10^-3 nM, 3x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 4x10^-4 nM, 3x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 4x10^-5 nM, 3x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-6 nM, 4x10^-6 nM, 3x10^-6 nM, 2x10^-6 nM, 1x10^-6 nM, 5x10^-7 nM, 4x10^-7 nM, 3x10^-7 nM, 2x10^-7 nM, 1x10^-7 nM, 5x10^-8 nM, 4x10^-8 nM, 3x10^-8 nM, 2x10^-8 nM, 1x10^-8 nM, 5x10^-9 nM, 4x10^-9 nM, 3x10^-9 nM, 2x10^-9 nM, or 1x10^-9 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an EGFR polypeptide with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of at most about 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 4x10^-1 nM, 3x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 4x10^-2 nM, 3x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 4x10^-3 nM, 3x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 4x10^-4 nM, 3x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 4x10^-5 nM, 3x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-6 nM, 4x10^-6 nM, 3x10^-6 nM, 2x10^-6 nM, 1x10^-6 nM, 5x10^-7 nM, 4x10^-7 nM, 3x10^-7 nM, 2x10^-7 nM, 1x10^-7 nM, 5x10^-8 nM, 4x10^-8 nM, 3x10^-8 nM, 2x10^-8 nM, 1x10^-8 nM, 5x10^-9 nM, 4x10^-9 nM, 3x10^-9 nM, 2x10^-9 nM, or 1x10^-9 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an EGFR polypeptide with an EC50 that is at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-EGFR antibody. In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an EGFR polypeptide with an EC50 that is at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-EGFR antibody. In some embodiments, the control anti-EGFR antibody comprises duligotuzumab, zalutumumab, or Amivantamab (SEQ ID NOs: 41-44) . The method to measure the EC50 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment binding an EGFR polypeptide may comprise ELISA. The method to measure the EC50 of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment binding an EGFR polypeptide may comprise those methods described in this disclosure, such as those described in Examples 2-3.
[0085] In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) blocks the binding of an EGFR polypeptide and an EGFR ligand with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of at least about 1x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 1x10^0 nM, 2x10^0 nM, 5x10^0 nM, 1x10^1 nM, 2x10^1 nM, 5x10^1 nM, 1x10^2 nM, 2x10^2 nM, 5x10^2 nM, 1x10^3 nM, 2x10^3 nM, 5x10^3 nM, 1x10^4 nM, 2x10^4 nM, or 5x10^4 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) blocks the binding of an EGFR polypeptide and an EGFR ligand with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of at most about 1x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 1x10^0 nM, 2x10^0 nM, 5x10^0 nM, 1x10^1 nM, 2x10^1 nM, 5x10^1 nM, 1x10^2 nM, 2x10^2 nM, 5x10^2 nM, 1x10^3 nM, 2x10^3 nM, 5x10^3 nM, 1x10^4 nM, 2x10^4 nM, or 5x10^4 nM.
[0086] In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) blocks the binding of an EGFR polypeptide and an EGFR ligand with an IC50 that is at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-EGFR antibody. In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) blocks the binding of an EGFR polypeptide and an EGFR ligand with an IC50 that is at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-EGFR antibody. In some embodiments, the EGFR ligand comprises EGF. In some embodiments, the EGFR ligand comprises any EGFR ligands described herein. In some embodiments, the control anti-EGFR antibody comprises duligotuzumab, zalutumumab, or Amivantamab (SEQ ID NOs: 41-44) . The method to measure the IC50 of the blocking of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment against the binding of an EGFR polypeptide and a EGFR ligand may comprise ELISA. The method to measure the IC50 of the blocking of the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment against the binding of an EGFR polypeptide and a EGFR ligand may comprise those methods described in this disclosure, such as those described in Examples 2-3.
[0087] In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a cancer or cancer cell. In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may decrease the number of cancer cells, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable cancer or cancer cell population not treated with the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may decrease the number of cancer cells, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable cancer or cancer cell population not treated with the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment. The method to measure the cancer or cancer cell growth may comprise any methods described herein, such as those described in Example 10.
[0088] In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a tumor in vivo. In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a tumor in vivo, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable tumor (or animal) not treated with the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a tumor in vivo, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable tumor (or animal) not treated with the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment.
[0089] In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) inhibits the phosphorylation of a EGFR polypeptide within a cell (or in vitro) at a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of at least about 1x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 1x10^0 nM, 2x10^0 nM, 5x10^0 nM, 1x10^1 nM, 2x10^1 nM, 5x10^1 nM, 1x10^2 nM, 2x10^2 nM, 5x10^2 nM, 1x10^3 nM, 2x10^3 nM, 5x10^3 nM, 1x10^4 nM, 2x10^4 nM, or 5x10^4 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) inhibits the phosphorylation of a EGFR polypeptide within a cell (or in vitro) at a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of at most about 1x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 1x10^0 nM, 2x10^0 nM, 5x10^0 nM, 1x10^1 nM, 2x10^1 nM, 5x10^1 nM, 1x10^2 nM, 2x10^2 nM, 5x10^2 nM, 1x10^3 nM, 2x10^3 nM, 5x10^3 nM, 1x10^4 nM, 2x10^4 nM, or 5x10^4 nM. In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR within a cell. In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR within a cell, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable cell not treated with the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR within a cell, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable cell not treated with the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment. The method to measure the inhibit the phosphorylation of EGFR may comprise any methods described herein, such as those described in Example 4.
[0090] In some instances, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may block the binding between EGFR and a different anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may reduce the bound complex of EGFR and the different anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to the bound complex of EGFR and the different anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment treated with the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment may reduce the bound complex of EGFR and the different anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to the bound complex of EGFR and the different anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment treated with the anti-EGFR antibody or antigen-binding fragment. The method to measure such blocking may comprise any methods described herein, such as those described in Examples 2-3.
[0091] Anti-c-MET antibody / antigen-binding fragments
[0092] Disclosed herein are antibodies or antigen-binding fragments that bind c-MET anti-c-MET antibodies or antigen-binding fragments) . An anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise an c-MET binding region. The c-MET binding region may comprise a CDR region. The c-MET binding region may comprise a HCDR region. The c-MET binding region may comprise a LCDR region. In some cases, the CDR region binding to c-MET comprises HCDR, LCDR, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the CDR region binding to c-MET comprises HCDR and LCDR. In some cases, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises HCDR1, HCDR2, HCDR3, LCDR1, LCDR2, LCDR3, or a combination thereof.
[0093] In some cases, the HCDR1 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22.
[0094] In some cases, the HCDR2 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23.
[0095] In some cases, the HCDR3 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 or 30. In some cases, the HCDR3 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. In some cases, the HCDR3 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30. In some cases, the HCDR1 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, and / or the HCDR2 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23. In some cases, the HCDR1 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, and / or the HCDR3 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. In some cases, the HCDR1 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, and / or the HCDR3 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30. In some cases, the HCDR2 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and / or the HCDR3 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. In some cases, the HCDR2 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and / or the HCDR3 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. In some cases, the HCDR1 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22; the HCDR2 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; and the HCDR3 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 or 30. In some cases, the HCDRs of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any HCDR disclosed in Tables 5 and 9.
[0096] In some instances, the c-MET binding region may comprise an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) . In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 85 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 90 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 95 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 97 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 98 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence about 99 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence that is 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 25. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 26. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 27. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 28. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 29. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 21. In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region comprises an amino acid sequence to any sequence disclosed in Tables 5, 7 or 10.
[0097] In some cases, the VH of the c-MET binding region is humanized. In some cases, the HCDR region of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment is grafted onto the most homologous humanized heavy chain template. The humanized heavy chain template may comprise any of those described herein. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-66*01, IGHV3-53*01, IGHV3-23*03, IGHV3-30*01, IGHV3-74*01, IGHV6-1*01, IGHV3-NL1*01, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-66*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-53*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-23*03. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-30*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-74*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV6-1*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-NL1*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHJ6*01, IGHJ5*01, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHJ6*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHJ5*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-66*01 and IGHJ6*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-53*01 and IGHJ6*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-23*03 and IGHJ6*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-30*01 and IGHJ6*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-74*01 and IGHJ6*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV6-1*01 and IGHJ6*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-NL1*01 and IGHJ6*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-66*01 and IGHJ5*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-53*01 and IGHJ5*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-23*03 and IGHJ5*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-30*01 and IGHJ5*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-74*01 and IGHJ5*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV6-1*01 and IGHJ5*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises IGHV3-NL1*01 and IGHJ5*01. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template comprises any of those described in Table 7.
[0098] A humanized anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may have at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %decrease in immunogenicity, relative to that of the comparable non-humanized anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment. A humanized anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may have at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %decrease in immunogenicity, relative to that of the comparable non-humanized anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment.
[0099] The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise back-mutations. The back-mutations may comprise, by Kabat numbering, V37F, R72Q, N77S, L45R, S75A, R98A, R98G, or any combinations thereof. The back-mutations may comprise, by Kabat numbering, V37F, R72Q, and R98A; V37F, L45R, R72Q, S75A, and R98G; R72Q and R98A; V37F, R72Q, and R98A; V37F, R72Q, N77S, and R98A. The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise, by Kabat numbering, 37V or 37F, 72Q, 77N or 77S, 45L or 45R, 75S or 75A, 98A or 98G, or any combinations thereof. The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise, by Kabat numbering, 37F, 45L, 72Q, 75S, 77N, and 98A. The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise, by Kabat numbering, 37F, 45R, 72Q, 75A, 77N, and 98G. The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise, by Kabat numbering, 37V, 45L, 72Q, 75S, 77N, and 98A. The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise, by Kabat numbering, 37F, 45L, 72Q, 75S, 77N, and 98A. The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise, by Kabat numbering, 37F, 45L, 72Q, 77S, 75S, and 98A.
[0100] The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01; and back mutations R72Q and R98A. The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01; and back mutations V37F, L45R, R72Q, S75A, R98G. The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01; and back mutations V37F, R72Q, R98A, and K114D. The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01; and back mutations V37F, R72Q, and R98A. The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise vhH_3_H and IGHJ4*01; and back mutations V37F, R72Q, N77S, R98A, and K114D. The VH of the humanized c-MET binding region may comprise any heavy chain template or back-mutations described in Table 7. In some cases, the antigen-binding affinity and humanization of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any of those described in Table 8.
[0101] In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain constant region. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment does not comprise a heavy chain constant region. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 85 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 90 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 95 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 97 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 98 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 99 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence that is 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 39. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 40. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 37. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to any sequence disclosed in Table 17. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG1. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG2. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG3. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG4. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type human IgG1. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type human IgG2. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type human IgG3. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises wild-type human IgG4. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated human IgG1. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated human IgG2. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated human IgG3. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises mutated human IgG4.
[0102] In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain, CH3 domain, or both the CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH3 domain. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises both the CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain, CH3 domain, or both the CH2 and CH3 domains; but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment does not comprise a CH1 domain. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH3 domain but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises CH2 and CH3 domains but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human CH2 domain, human CH3 domain, or both the human CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized CH2 domain, humanized CH3 domain, or both the humanized CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG1 CH2 domain, human IgG1 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG1 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG2 CH2 domain, human IgG2 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG2 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG3 CH2 domain, human IgG3 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG3 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG4 CH2 domain, human IgG4 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG4 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG1 CH2 domain, humanized IgG1 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG1 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG2 CH2 domain, humanized IgG2 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG2 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG3 CH2 domain, humanized IgG3 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG3 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG4 CH2 domain, humanized IgG4 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG4 CH2 and CH3 domains.
[0103] In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region is coupled to the heavy chain constant region by a polypeptide linker. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region is coupled to the heavy chain constant region without a polypeptide linker (i.e., the binding region is coupled to the heavy chain constant region directly by a chemical bond, such as a peptide bond) . In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region is coupled to another binding region by a polypeptide linker. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region is coupled to another binding region without a polypeptide linker. The polypeptide linker may comprise a glycine-serine linker (GS linker) . The GS linker may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10 or more glycine residues. The GS linker may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10 or more serine residues. The GS linker may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10 or more glycine residues; and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10 or more serine residues. For example, the polypeptide linker may comprise at least one G4S (i.e., GGGGS; SEQ ID NO: 45) linker. In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker comprises GS (SEQ ID NO: 46) , GGS (SEQ ID NO: 47) , GGGS (SEQ ID NO: 48) , GGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 45) , GGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 49) , GGGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 50) , GGGGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 51) , GGGGGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 52) , GGGGGGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 53) , or GGGGGGGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 54) . In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10 or more GS linkers. In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker may comprise 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9, 10 or more G4S linkers. In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker may comprise GGGGSGGGGS (SEQ ID NO: 55) . In some embodiments, the polypeptide linker may comprise a linker described in Table 18. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region is N-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region is C-terminal to the heavy chain constant region.
[0104] In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding region binds c-MET. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding region binds mammalian c-MET. The c-MET may be a human, mouse, rat, monkey, camelid, donkey, cow, or horse c-MET. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding region binds a polypeptide comprising a sequence that is at least about 50 %, 55 %, 60 %, 70 %, 75 %, 80 %, 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 57. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding region binds a polypeptide comprising a sequence that is at least about 50 %, 55 %, 60 %, 70 %, 75 %, 80 %, 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to a sequence described in Table 20 below. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding region binds a wild-type c-MET, a mutated c-MET, or both the wild-type and mutated c-METs. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding region binds a wild-type human c-MET, a mutated human c-MET, or both the wild-type and mutated human c-METs.
[0105] Table 20: Summary of the c-MET sequences
[0106] In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region alters the binding of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment to an FcRn polypeptide, relative to that without the mutation. In some cases, the mutation that alters the binding of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment to an FcRn polypeptide comprises M428L, N434S, M252Y, S254T, T256E, according to EU numbering, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation that alters the binding of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment to an FcRn polypeptide comprises S239D, A330L, I332E, M428L, T250Q, N434S, M252Y, S254T, T256E, according to EU numbering, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises S239D. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises A330L. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises I332E. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M428L. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises T250Q. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises N434S. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M252Y. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises S254T. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises T256E. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M252Y, S254T, T256E or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M252Y, S254T, and T256E. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M428L, N434S, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M428L and N434S. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises T250Q, M428L, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises T250Q and M428L. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises M428L, N434S, M252Y, S254T, and T256E. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises S239D, A330L, I332E, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation according to EU numbering comprises S239D, A330L, and I332E.
[0107] In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the binding affinity of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment to an FcRn polypeptide by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) without the mutation. In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the binding affinity of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment to an FcRn polypeptide by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold, relative to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) without the mutation. The method to measure binding affinity between the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment and FcRn polypeptide may comprise ELISA or surface plasmon resonance (e.g., a BIACORE system) . The method to measure binding affinity between the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment and FcRn polypeptide may comprise those methods described in this disclosure, such as those described in Examples 2-3.
[0108] In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) has a dissociation constant (KD) of about 1 μM, 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.05 nM, 0.01 nM or less (e.g., 10^-8 M or less, e.g., from 10^-8 M to 10^-13 M, e.g., from 10^-9 M to 10^-13 M) for the FcRn polypeptide. In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) provided herein has a KD of about 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.05 nM, 0.01 nM, or 0.001 nM or greater (e.g., 10^-8 M or less, e.g., from 10^-8 M to 10^-13 M, e.g., from 10^-9 M to 10^-13 M) for the FcRn polypeptide.
[0109] In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region also alters the ADCC activity of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the ADCC activity of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment without the mutation. In some embodiments, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the ADCC activity of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold, relative to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment without the mutation. The method to measure the ADCC activity of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise any methods described herein, such as those described in Example 10. In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region alters half-life of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the half-life of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment without the mutation. In some embodiments, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the ADCC activity of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold, relative to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment without the mutation. The method to measure the half-life of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise measuring the time for removal of half of the antibody within a subject subsequent to the subject being administered with the antibody. The subject may be a mammal. The subject may be a human, mouse, rat, or monkey. The subject may be a human.
[0110] In some instances, the heavy chain constant region of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment is afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment is not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. The afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the antibody, antigen-binding fragment, or any functional fragments thereof may not have a fucose or low amount of fucoses attached to the heavy chain region, relative to an antibody, antigen-binding fragment, or any functional fragments that is not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated, respectively. The afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the antibody, antigen-binding fragment, or any functional fragments thereof may have at least 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %fewer fucoses attached to the heavy chain region, relative to those of the comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment that not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. The afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the antibody, antigen-binding fragment, or any functional fragments thereof may have at most 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %fewer fucoses attached to the heavy chain region, relative to those of the comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment that not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated.
[0111] The afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may have increase ADCC activity, relative to those of the comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment that are not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. In some embodiments, the afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment increase the ADCC activity of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to those of the comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment that are not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. In some embodiments, the afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment increase the ADCC activity of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to those of the comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment that are not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. The method to measure the ADCC activity of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise any methods described herein, such as those described in Example 10. The afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be generated by the methods described herein. For example, some of those methods are described in Example 10.
[0112] The antigen-binding fragment of the anti-c-MET antibody may undergo affinity maturation. An antibody or antigen-binding fragment that has undergone the affinity maturation may have at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold or higher increase in binding affinity to c-MET, relative to that of the comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment that has not undergone the affinity maturation. An antibody or antigen-binding fragment that has undergone the affinity maturation may have at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold increase in binding affinity to c-MET, relative to that of the comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment that has not undergone the affinity maturation. An antibody or antigen-binding fragment that has undergone the affinity maturation may have at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %decrease in binding affinity, relative to that of the comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment that has not undergone the affinity maturation. An antibody or antigen-binding fragment that has undergone the affinity maturation may have at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %decrease in binding affinity, relative to that of the comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment that has not undergone the affinity maturation.
[0113] In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a cancer or cancer cell. In some embodiments, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may decrease the number of cancer cells, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable cancer or cancer cell population not treated with the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may decrease the number of cancer cells, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable cancer or cancer cell population not treated with the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment. The method to measure the cancer or cancer cell growth may comprise any methods described herein, such as those described in Example 10.
[0114] In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an c-MET polypeptide with a dissociation constant (KD) of at least about 1 μM, 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 4x10^-1 nM, 3x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 4x10^-2 nM, 3x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 4x10^-3 nM, 3x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 4x10^-4 nM, 3x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 4x10^-5 nM, 3x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-6 nM, 4x10^-6 nM, 3x10^-6 nM, 2x10^-6 nM, or 1x10^-6 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an c-MET polypeptide with a dissociation constant (KD) of at most about 1 μM, 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 4x10^-1 nM, 3x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 4x10^-2 nM, 3x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 4x10^-3 nM, 3x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 4x10^-4 nM, 3x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 4x10^-5 nM, 3x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-6 nM, 4x10^-6 nM, 3x10^-6 nM, 2x10^-6 nM, or 1x10^-6 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an c-MET polypeptide with a dissociation constant (KD) that is at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-c-MET antibody. In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an c-MET polypeptide with a dissociation constant (KD) that is at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-c-MET antibody. In some embodiments, the control anti-c-MET antibody comprises Amivantamab (SEQ ID NOs: 41-44) . The method to measure the dissociation constant between the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment and an c-MET polypeptide may comprise surface plasmon resonance (e.g., a BIACORE system) . The method to measure the dissociation constant between the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment and an c-MET polypeptide may comprise those methods described in this disclosure, such as those described in Examples 2-3.
[0115] In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an c-MET polypeptide with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of at least about 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 4x10^-1 nM, 3x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 4x10^-2 nM, 3x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 4x10^-3 nM, 3x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 4x10^-4 nM, 3x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 4x10^-5 nM, 3x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-6 nM, 4x10^-6 nM, 3x10^-6 nM, 2x10^-6 nM, 1x10^-6 nM, 5x10^-7 nM, 4x10^-7 nM, 3x10^-7 nM, 2x10^-7 nM, 1x10^-7 nM, 5x10^-8 nM, 4x10^-8 nM, 3x10^-8 nM, 2x10^-8 nM, 1x10^-8 nM, 5x10^-9 nM, 4x10^-9 nM, 3x10^-9 nM, 2x10^-9 nM, or 1x10^-9 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an c-MET polypeptide with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of at most about 5 nM, 4 nM, 3 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 4x10^-1 nM, 3x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 4x10^-2 nM, 3x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 4x10^-3 nM, 3x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 4x10^-4 nM, 3x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 4x10^-5 nM, 3x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-6 nM, 4x10^-6 nM, 3x10^-6 nM, 2x10^-6 nM, 1x10^-6 nM, 5x10^-7 nM, 4x10^-7 nM, 3x10^-7 nM, 2x10^-7 nM, 1x10^-7 nM, 5x10^-8 nM, 4x10^-8 nM, 3x10^-8 nM, 2x10^-8 nM, 1x10^-8 nM, 5x10^-9 nM, 4x10^-9 nM, 3x10^-9 nM, 2x10^-9 nM, or 1x10^-9 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an c-MET polypeptide with an EC50 that is at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-c-MET antibody. In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) binds an c-MET polypeptide with an EC50 that is at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-c-MET antibody. In some embodiments, the control anti-c-MET antibody comprises Amivantamab (SEQ ID NOs: 41-44) . The method to measure the EC50 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment binding an c-MET polypeptide may comprise ELISA. The method to measure the EC50 of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment binding an c-MET polypeptide may comprise those methods described in this disclosure, such as those described in Examples 2-3.
[0116] In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) blocks the binding of an c-MET polypeptide and an c-MET ligand with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of at least about 1x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 1x10^0 nM, 2x10^0 nM, 5x10^0 nM, 1x10^1 nM, 2x10^1 nM, 5x10^1 nM, 1x10^2 nM, 2x10^2 nM, 5x10^2 nM, 1x10^3 nM, 2x10^3 nM, 5x10^3 nM, 1x10^4 nM, 2x10^4 nM, or 5x10^4 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) blocks the binding of an c-MET polypeptide and an c-MET ligand with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of at most about 1x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 1x10^0 nM, 2x10^0 nM, 5x10^0 nM, 1x10^1 nM, 2x10^1 nM, 5x10^1 nM, 1x10^2 nM, 2x10^2 nM, 5x10^2 nM, 1x10^3 nM, 2x10^3 nM, 5x10^3 nM, 1x10^4 nM, 2x10^4 nM, or 5x10^4 nM.
[0117] In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) blocks the binding of an c-MET polypeptide and an c-MET ligand with an IC50 that is at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-c-MET antibody. In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) blocks the binding of an c-MET polypeptide and an c-MET ligand with an IC50 that is at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold lower, relative to a to a comparable anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-c-MET antibody. In some embodiments, the c-MET ligand comprises HGF. In some embodiments, the c-MET ligand comprises any c-MET ligands described herein. In some embodiments, the control anti-c-MET antibody comprises Amivantamab (SEQ ID NOs: 41-44) . The method to measure the IC50 of the blocking of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment against the binding of a c-MET polypeptide and a c-MET ligand may comprise ELISA. The method to measure the IC50 of the blocking of the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment against the binding of a c-MET polypeptide and a c-MET ligand may comprise those methods described in this disclosure, such as those described in Examples 2-3.
[0118] In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a tumor in vivo. In some embodiments, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a tumor in vivo, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable tumor (or animal) not treated with the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a tumor in vivo, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable tumor (or animal) not treated with the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment.
[0119] In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) inhibits the phosphorylation of a c-MET polypeptide within a cell (or in vitro) at a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of at least about 1x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 1x10^0 nM, 2x10^0 nM, 5x10^0 nM, 1x10^1 nM, 2x10^1 nM, 5x10^1 nM, 1x10^2 nM, 2x10^2 nM, 5x10^2 nM, 1x10^3 nM, 2x10^3 nM, 5x10^3 nM, 1x10^4 nM, 2x10^4 nM, or 5x10^4 nM. In some embodiments, an anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) inhibits the phosphorylation of a c-MET polypeptide within a cell (or in vitro) at a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of at most about 1x10^-5 nM, 2x10^-5 nM, 5x10^-5 nM, 1x10^-4 nM, 2x10^-4 nM, 5x10^-4 nM, 1x10^-3 nM, 2x10^-3 nM, 5x10^-3 nM, 1x10^-2 nM, 2x10^-2 nM, 5x10^-2 nM, 1x10^-1 nM, 2x10^-1 nM, 5x10^-1 nM, 1x10^0 nM, 2x10^0 nM, 5x10^0 nM, 1x10^1 nM, 2x10^1 nM, 5x10^1 nM, 1x10^2 nM, 2x10^2 nM, 5x10^2 nM, 1x10^3 nM, 2x10^3 nM, 5x10^3 nM, 1x10^4 nM, 2x10^4 nM, or 5x10^4 nM. In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the phosphorylation of c-MET within a cell. In some embodiments, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the inhibit the phosphorylation of c-MET within a cell, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable cell not treated with the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the phosphorylation of c-MET within a cell, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable cell not treated with the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment. The method to measure the inhibit the phosphorylation of c-MET may comprise any methods described herein, such as those described in Example 5.
[0120] In some instances, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may block the binding between c-MET and a different anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may reduce the bound complex of c-MET and the different anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to the bound complex of c-MET and the different anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment treated with the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment may reduce the bound complex of c-MET and the different anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to the bound complex of c-MET and the different anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment treated with the anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment. The method to measure such blocking may comprise any methods described herein, such as those described in Examples 2-3.
[0121] Multi-specific antibodies
[0122] Provided herein are multiple-specific antibodies or antigen-binding fragments. In some instances, the multiple-specific antibodies or antigen-binding fragments specifically binds any target antigen described herein or any combinations of the target antigens described herein. In some instances, the multiple-specific antibodies or antigen-binding fragments comprises any antigen-binding domains described herein or any combinations of the antigen-binding domains described herein. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment specifically binds at least a first target antigen and a second target antigen, wherein the target antigens are different. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment specifically binds EGFR and c-MET. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment specifically binds a first target antigen comprising EGFR or c-MET; and a second target antigen different from the first target antigen.
[0123] In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise any antigen-binding domains described herein or any combinations of the antigen-binding domains described herein. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise the EGFR binding region orthe c-MET binding region described herein. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region described herein.
[0124] In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise the HCDRs of the EGFR binding region and the HCDRs of the c-MET binding region. n some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise the HCDRs of the EGFR binding region and the HCDRs of the c-MET binding region described herein.
[0125] In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise the EGFR binding region (or HCDRs or VH of the EGFR binding region) and the c-MET binding region (or HCDRs or VH of the c-MET binding region) in one polypeptide. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region in two different polypeptides.
[0126] In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises an EGFR binding region comprising: an HCDR1 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, an HCDR2 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2, and an HCDR3 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3; and a c-MET binding region comprising: an HCDR1 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, an HCDR2 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and an HCDR3 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 or 30.
[0127] In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the EGFR binding region and a c-MET binding region comprising a HCDR1 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, an HCDR2 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and an HCDR3 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises the EGFR binding region and a c-MET binding region comprising a HCDR1 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22, an HCDR2 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23, and an HCDR3 sequence comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 30.
[0128] The VHs of a bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 5 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 6 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 7 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 8 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 9 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 10 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 11 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 12 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 13 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 14 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 15 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 16 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 17 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 18 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 19 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 20 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 4 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29.
[0129] A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 25. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 26. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 27. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 28. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 29. A bispecific antibody may comprise a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20 and a sequence that is at least about 85%-100%to SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0130] In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region may be N-terminal to the c-MET binding region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region may be C-terminal to the c-MET binding region.
[0131] In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region may be arranged such that the bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment is configured as a KiH bispecific antibody, a CrossMAb, a dual variable domain immunoglobulin, a single-chain variable fragment or scFv; an IgG-scFv; dual action fab bispecific antibody; diabody; VHH, tandem scFvs, dual-affinity re-targeting molecules, bispecific killer cell engagers, κλ-body, or any combination thereof (see, for example, Pande et al., Biotechnol. Adv. 28, 849–858 (2010) .; Schaefer et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 11187–11192 (2011) .; Wu et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 1290–1297 (2007) .; Orcutt et al., Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 23, 221–228 (2010) .; Eigenbrot et al., Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 17, 400–405 (2013) .; Fischer et al., Nat. Commun. 6, 6113 (2015) .; Fan et al., J. Hematol. Oncol. 8, 130 (2015) .; Ahamadi-Fesharaki et al., Mol. Ther. Oncolytics 14, 38–56 (2019) .; Bannas, P., Hambach, J. &Koch-Nolte, F. Front. Immunol. 8, 1603 (2017) .; each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) . The multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be a VHH or nanobody. The multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be a single-chain domain antibody. The multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be a KiH bispecific antibody.
[0132] In some instances, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise multiple target antigen binding regions. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise a first, second, third, and fourth binding regions. In some cases, the first binding region is N-terminal to the second binding region, and the third binding region is N-terminal to the fourth binding region, wherein the first and third binding regions bind a first target antigen or are the same target antigen binding region, wherein the second and fourth binding regions bind a second target antigen or are the same target antigen binding region, wherein first and second target antigens are different. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise a first, second, third, and fourth binding regions. In some cases, the first binding region is C-terminal to the second binding region, and the third binding region is C-terminal to the fourth binding region, wherein the first and third binding regions bind a first target antigen or are the same target antigen binding region, wherein the second and fourth binding regions bind a second target antigen or are the same target antigen binding region, wherein first and second target antigens are different. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise a first, second, third, and fourth binding regions. In some cases, the first binding region is N-terminal to the second binding region, and the third binding region is C-terminal to the fourth binding region, wherein the first and third binding regions bind a first target antigen or are the same target antigen binding region, wherein the second and fourth binding regions bind a second target antigen or are the same target antigen binding region, wherein first and second target antigens are different. The first target antigen may comprise EGFR or c-MET; and the second target antigen may comprise EGFR or c-MET but different from the first target antigen. For example, if the first target is EGFR, the second antigen is c-MET. The ordinal numbering of the binding region or target antigen may be any binding regions or target antigens described herein. In a polypeptide, the ordinal numbering may initiate or start from the N-terminus or C-terminus of a polypeptide sequence.
[0133] In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to any one of 31 to 36. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 85 %identical to any one of 31 to 36. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 90 %identical to any one of 31 to 36. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 95 %identical to any one of 31 to 36. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 97 %identical to any one of 31 to 36. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 98 %identical to any one of 31 to 36. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 99 %identical to any one of 31 to 36. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is 100 %identical to any one of 31 to 36. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 31. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 34. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 31 and a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 % identical to SEQ ID NO: 34. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 32. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 35. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 32 and a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 35. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 33. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 36. In some instances, a bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 33 and a sequence that is at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to SEQ ID NO: 36.
[0134] A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more polypeptides. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 more polypeptides. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 1 polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 2 polypeptides. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 3 polypeptides. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 4 polypeptides. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 5 polypeptides. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 6 polypeptides. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 7 polypeptides. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 8 polypeptides. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 9 polypeptides. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 10 polypeptides. When the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises at least two polypeptides, the two polypeptide may be the same or have the same sequence. When the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises at least two polypeptides, the two polypeptide may be different or have different sequence. When the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises at least two polypeptides, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise homodimers, heterodimers, or a combination thereof. When the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises at least two polypeptides, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise a homodimer. When the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises at least two polypeptides, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise a heterodimer. When the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises at least two polypeptides, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise a homodimer and a heterodimer.
[0135] A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein may have at least two antigen binding domains. In some embodiments, a first target antigen binding region and a second target antigen binding region may be coupled with a polypeptide linker. In some embodiments, a first target antigen binding region and a second target antigen binding region may be coupled without a polypeptide linker. In some embodiments, a first target antigen binding region and a second target antigen binding region may be coupled directly with a peptide bond. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region may be coupled to the c-MET binding region with a polypeptide linker as disclosed herein.
[0136] A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more antigen binding regions on one polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise at most 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 antigen binding regions on one polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 1 antigen binding region on one polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 2 antigen binding regions on one polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 3 antigen binding regions on one polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 4 antigen binding regions on one polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 5 antigen binding regions on one polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 6 antigen binding regions on one polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 7 antigen binding regions on one polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 8 antigen binding regions on one polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 9 antigen binding regions on one polypeptide. A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprise 10 antigen binding regions on one polypeptide.
[0137] In some embodiments, the target antigen binding region is N-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the target antigen binding region binding region is C-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the first binding region is N-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the first binding region is C-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the second binding region is N-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the second binding region is C-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the third binding region is N-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the third binding region is C-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the fourth binding region is N-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the fourth binding region is C-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region is N-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region is C-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region is N-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the c-MET binding region is C-terminal to the heavy chain constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region are coupled to a same constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region are coupled to different constant regions. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region are coupled to a same constant region, the EGFR binding region is N-terminal to the constant region, and the c-MET binding region is C-terminal to the constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region are coupled to a same constant region, the EGFR binding region is C-terminal to the constant region, and the c-MET binding region is N-terminal to the constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region are coupled to a same constant region, and both the EGFR binding region and the c-Met binding region are N-terminal to the constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region are coupled to a same constant region, and both the EGFR binding region and the c-Met binding region are C-terminal to the constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region are linked directly or by a linker, and the EGFR binding region is coupled to the N-terminal of a constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region are linked directly or by a linker, and the EGFR binding region is coupled to the C-terminal of a constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region are linked directly or by a linker, and the c-MET binding region is coupled to the N-terminal of a constant region. In some embodiments, the EGFR binding region and the c-MET binding region are linked directly or by a linker, and the c-MET binding region is coupled to the C-terminal of a constant region. Any of the binding regions described herein may be coupled to the heavy chain constant region with a polypeptide linker described herein. Any of the binding regions described herein may be directly coupled to the heavy chain constant region without a polypeptide linker in-between.
[0138] In some embodiments, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragments comprise a heavy chain constant region described herein. In some cases, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragments comprise two or more heavy chain constant regions. In some cases, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragments comprises a first heavy chain constant region or a second heavy chain constant region. In some cases, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragments comprises a first heavy chain constant region and a second heavy chain constant region. The first and second heavy chain constant regions may comprise any heavy chain constant regions described herein.
[0139] In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain, CH3 domain, or both the CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH3 domain. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises both the CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain, CH3 domain, or both the CH2 and CH3 domains; but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment does not comprise a CH1 domain. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH2 domain but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a CH3 domain but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises CH2 and CH3 domains but not a CH1 domain. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human CH2 domain, human CH3 domain, or both the human CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized CH2 domain, humanized CH3 domain, or both the humanized CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG1 CH2 domain, human IgG1 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG1 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG2 CH2 domain, human IgG2 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG2 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG3 CH2 domain, human IgG3 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG3 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a human IgG4 CH2 domain, human IgG4 CH3 domain, or both the human IgG4 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG1 CH2 domain, humanized IgG1 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG1 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG2 CH2 domain, humanized IgG2 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG2 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG3 CH2 domain, humanized IgG3 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG3 CH2 and CH3 domains. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a humanized IgG4 CH2 domain, humanized IgG4 CH3 domain, or both the humanized IgG4 CH2 and CH3 domains.
[0140] In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises a heavy chain constant region. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 85 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 90 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 95 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 97 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 98 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence about 99 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence that is 100 %identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 39-40 and 37-38. In some cases, the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85 %, 90 %, 95 %, 97 %, 98 %, 99 %, or 100 %identical to any sequence disclosed in Table 17. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region comprises IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, or any combination thereof. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region of the multispecific antibody or antigen-bind fragment comprise those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR or anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragments described herein. In some instances, the heavy chain constant region may be wild-type or mutated.
[0141] The multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment disclosed herein may comprise the following domain and peptide organization, wherein in the following, EBD is an EGFR binding region disclosed herein; CBD is c-MET binding region disclosed herein; CH2 indicates the CH2 disclosed herein; CH3 indicates the CH3 disclosed herein; when a polypeptide comprises CH2 or CH3, the polypeptide may or may not comprise the hinge region disclosed herein; “- “indicates domains coupled together in one polypeptide (with or without a polypeptide linker) ; “x2” indicates two polypeptide molecules, wherein the two polypeptides can bind to each via a homomultimerization domain described herein; X-Y indicates that X is N terminal to Y (and hence Y is C terminal to X) ; X and Y indicates that a polypeptide X and a polypeptide Y are present within an antibody or antigen-binding fragment, wherein X and Y can bind to each via a heteromultimerization domain described herein. For example, the domain organization of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment disclosed herein may comprise: EBD-CBD, or (EBD-CBD) x2, or EBD-CBD-CH2, or (EBD-CBD-CH2) x2, or EBD-CBD-CH2-CH3, or (EBD-CBD-CH2-CH3) x2, or CBD-EBD, or (CBD-EBD) x2, or CBD-EBD-CH2, or (CBD-EBD-CH2) x2, or CBD-EBD-CH2-CH3, or (CBD-EBD-CH2-CH3) x2, or EBD-CH2-CH3-CBD, or (EBD-CH2-CH3-CBD) x2, or CBD-CH2-CH3-EBD, or (CBD-CH2-CH3-EBD) x2.
[0142] The multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be humanized as described herein. For example, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be humanized by methods or mutations described for the anti-EGFR, or anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragments as described herein. In some cases, the first and second heavy chain constant regions may comprise the mutations (such as back-mutations) , modifications, humanizations, or a combination thereof described elsewhere in this disclosure. For example, a VH of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprising the EGFR binding region may comprise a humanized heavy chain template comprising IGHV3-30*02, IGHV3-66*01, IGHV3-53*04, IGHV3-23*01, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a VH of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprising the c-MET binding region may comprise a humanized heavy chain template comprising vhH_3_H. The VH of the humanized multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise back-mutations. The back-mutations may comprise, by Kabat numbering, V37F, K94A, G44E, L45R, F27Y, T28I, F29S, F29S, R71Q, N73S, L78V, S49A, R94A, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the back-mutations may comprise, by Kabat numbering, V37F, R72Q, N77S, L45R, S75A, R98A, R98G, or any combinations thereof. Other humanized heavy chain template or back-mutations comprise those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFRor anti-c-MET or antigen-binding fragments described herein. The humanized multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may have a decrease in immunogenicity, relative to that of the comparable non-humanized multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment, similar to or the same as those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR O anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragments described herein. In some cases, the antigen-binding affinity and humanization of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any of those described in Tables 6, 6.1, 7 and 8. The VH of the humanized multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may comprise any heavy chain template or back-mutations described in Tables 6, 6.1, 7 and 8. In some cases, the humanized heavy chain template of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any of those described in Tables 6, 6.1, 7 and 8.
[0143] In some instances, heavy chain constant region of the bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment is mutated to alter its binding to an FcRn polypeptide, relative to that without the mutation. In some cases, the mutation comprises S239D, A330L, I332E, M428L, T250Q, N434S, M252Y, S254T, T256E, according to EU numbering, or a combination thereof. In some cases, the mutation comprises M428L, N434S, M252Y, S254T, T256E, according to EU numbering, or a combination thereof. Other mutation (s) that alter the binding of a heavy chain constant region to an FcRn polypeptide comprise those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR or anti-c-MET or antigen-binding fragments described herein.
[0144] In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment increases the binding affinity of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment to an FcRn polypeptide to an extent similar or the same as, relative to a comparable multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) without the mutation, those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR or anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragments described herein. In some embodiments, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) has a dissociation constant (KD) of about 1 μM, 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.05 nM, 0.01 nM or less (e.g., 10^-8 M or less, e.g., from 10^-8 M to 10^-13 M, e.g., from 10^-9 M to 10^-13 M) for the FcRn polypeptide. In some embodiments, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment (or the heavy chain constant region thereof) provided herein has a KD of about 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.05 nM, 0.01 nM, or 0.001 nM or greater (e.g., 10^-8 M or less, e.g., from 10^-8 M to 10^-13 M, e.g., from 10^-9 M to 10^-13 M) for the FcRn polypeptide.
[0145] In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region also alters the ADCC activity of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the ADCC activity of the multispecific or antigen-binding fragment, relative to a comparable multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment without the mutation, by an extent similar to or the same as those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR or anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragments described herein. In some instances, the mutated heavy chain constant region also alters the half-life of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, the mutated heavy chain constant region increases the half-life of the multispecific or antigen-binding fragment, relative to a comparable multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment without the mutation, by an extent similar to or the same as those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR or anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragments described herein.
[0146] In some instances, the heavy chain constant region of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment is afucosylated or lowly fucosylated. In some embodiments, the afucosylated or lowly fucosylated forms of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment increase the ADCC activity of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment, relative to those of the comparable antibody that are not afucosylated or lowly fucosylated, by an extent similar to or the same as those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR or anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragments described herein.
[0147] In some instances, at least two antigen binding regions of the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may bind at least two different target antigens with substantially similar binding affinity. For example, the binding affinity of a first binding region and a first target antigen and the binding affinity of a second binding region and a second target antigen are within at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold.
[0148] In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a cancer or cancer cell, the growth of the tumor in vivo, or the phosphorylation of EGFR or c-MET within a cell, similar to or the same as those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR, or anti-c-MET, or antigen-binding fragments described herein. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a cancer or cancer cell, the growth of the tumor in vivo, or the phosphorylation of EGFR or c-MET within a cell; relative to a comparable cancer or cancer cell (or population) not treated with the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment, a comparable tumor (or animal) not treated with the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment, or a cell not treated with the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment, respectively; to an extent similar to or the same as those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR, or anti-c-MET, or antigen-binding fragments described herein. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may also have BBB entry efficacy similar to or the same as those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR, or anti-c-MET or antigen-binding fragments described herein.
[0149] In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may bind the target antigen (s) with a binding affinity, dissociation constant, or EC50 to an extent similar to or the same as those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR, or anti-c-MET or antigen-binding fragments described herein. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may bind the target antigen (s) with an increase in the binding affinity, dissociation constant, or EC50 to an extent similar to or the same as those described elsewhere in this disclosure, including those described for anti-EGFR or anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragments described herein, relative to a to a comparable anti-EGFR and / or anti-c-MET antibody or antigen-binding fragment that does not comprise any of the sequences described herein or a control anti-EGFR and / or anti-c-MET antibody. In some embodiments, the control anti-EGFR or anti-c-MET antibody comprises duligotuzumab, zalutumumab, or Amivantamab (SEQ ID NOs: 41-44) . In some embodiments, the control anti-EGFR and anti-c-MET antibody comprises Amivantamab (SEQ ID NOs: 41-44) . The methods to measure the binding affinity, dissociation constant, EC50, or an increase (or decrease thereof) may comprises any of the methods described elsewhere in this disclosure, such as those described in Examples 2-3.
[0150] The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein can bind individually or simultaneously to EGFR, or c-MET. The term “antibody” herein is used in the broadest sense and includes intact antibodies and functional antibody fragments thereof (antigen-binding fragments) , including but not limited to fragment antigen binding (Fab) fragments; F (ab’) 2 fragments; Fab’ fragments; Fv fragments; recombinant IgG (rIgG) fragments; single chain antibody fragments, including but not limited to single domain antibodies (e.g., sdAb, sdFv, a VHH or nanobody) or single chain variable fragments (e.g., sFv or scFv) . The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments encompass genetically engineered and / or otherwise modified forms of immunoglobulins, including but not limited to chimeric antibodies or antigen-binding fragments, fully human antibodies or antigen-binding fragments, intrabodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof, hetero-conjugated antibodies or antigen-binding fragments, humanized antibodies or antigen-binding fragments, multispecific antibodies or antigen-binding fragments (e.g., bispecific or trispecific antibodies, diabodies, triabodies, and tetrabodies, tandem di-scFv, tandem tri-scFv) and pepti-bodies or antigen-binding fragments thereof. Unless otherwise stated, the term “antibody” should be understood to encompass functional antibody fragments thereof (e.g., or antigen-binding fragments) . The term “antibody” also encompasses intact or full-length antibodies, including antibodies of any class or sub-class, including IgG and sub-classes thereof, IgM, IgE, IgA, and IgD. The antibody can comprise a human IgG1 constant region. The antibody can comprise a human IgG4 constant region. The antibodies and antigen-binding fragments can include monoclonal antibodies or antigen-binding fragments.
[0151] Antigen-binding fragments can be made by various techniques, including but not limited to proteolytic digestion of an intact antibody as well as production by recombinant host cells. In some embodiments, the antibodies are recombinantly-produced fragments, such as fragments comprising arrangements that do not occur naturally, such as those with two or more antibody regions or chains joined by synthetic linkers, e.g., polypeptide linkers, and / or those that are not produced by enzyme digestion of a naturally-occurring intact antibody.
[0152] In some instances, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein comprise complementarity determining regions (CDRs; synonymous with “hypervariable region” or “HVR” ) , CDRs are known in the art to refer to non-contiguous sequences of amino acids within antibody variable regions, which confer antigen specificity and / or binding affinity. CDRs of the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein comprises three CDRs in the heavy chain variable region (HCDR1 / CDR-H1, HCDR2 / CDR-H2, HCDR3 / CDR-H3) . CDRs can also comprise three CDRs in the light chain variable region (LCDR1 / CDR-L1, LCDR2 / CDR-L2, LCDR3 / CDR-L3) .
[0153] In some instances, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein comprise framework regions (FRs) . FRs are known in the art to refer to the non-CDR portions of the variable regions of the heavy or light chains. In general, there are four FRs in the full-length heavy chain variable region (FR-H1, FR-H2, FR-H3, and FR-H4) , and four FRs in the full-length light chain variable region (FR-L1, FR-L2, FR-L3, and FR-L4) .
[0154] The precise amino acid sequence boundaries of a given CDR or FR can be readily determined using any of a number of well-known schemes, including those described by Kabat et al. (1991) , “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, ” 5th Ed. Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD ( “Kabat” numbering scheme) , Al-Lazikani et al., (1997) JMB 273, 927-948 ( “Chothia” numbering scheme) ; MacCallum et al., J. Mol. Biol. 262: 732-745 (1996) , “Antibody-antigen interactions: Contact analysis and binding site topography, ” J. Mol. Biol. 262, 732-745. ” ( “Contact” numbering scheme) ; Lefranc MP et al., “IMGT unique numbering for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor variable domains and Ig superfamily V-like domains, ” Dev Comp Immunol, 2003 Jan; 27 (1) : 55-77 ( “IMGT” numbering scheme) ; Honegger A and Plückthun A, “Yet another numbering scheme for immunoglobulin variable domains: an automatic modeling and analysis tool, ” J Mol Biol, 2001 Jun 8; 309 (3) : 657-70, ( “Aho” numbering scheme) ; and Whitelegg NR and Rees AR, “WAM: an improved algorithm for modelling antibodies on the WEB, ” Protein Eng. 2000 Dec; 13 (12) : 819-24 ( “AbM” numbering scheme. In certain embodiments, the CDRs of the antibodies described herein can be defined by a method selected from Kabat, Chothia, IMGT, Aho, AbM, or combinations thereof.
[0155] The boundaries of a given CDR or FR may vary depending on the scheme used for identification. For example, the Kabat scheme is based on structural alignments, while the Chothia scheme is based on structural information. Numbering for both the Kabat and Chothia schemes is based upon the most common antibody region sequence lengths, with insertions accommodated by insertion letters, for example, “30a, ” and deletions appearing in some antibodies. The two schemes place certain insertions and deletions ( “indels” ) at different positions, resulting in differential numbering. The Contact scheme is based on analysis of complex crystal structures and is similar in many respects to the Chothia numbering scheme. Table 16 below depicts the CDR definition method for VHH antibodies. In this application, unless otherwise specified, the CDRs were defined according to the Combined definition rule as shown in Table 16.
[0156] Table 16: CDR definition method for VHH antibodies
[0157] Among them, the amino acid coding in Table 16 is based on the Chothia coding (Numbering) rule, and a comparison of four CDR definition (Definition) manners is given. Alternatively, other commonly used coding rules can also be used to encode the amino acid sequences of variable regions of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should know that when encoding with certain coding rules (including Chothia, Kabat, etc. ) , situations wherein some positions have insertion sites may appear (see http: / bioinf. org. uk / abs / ) . For example, if the Kabat Numbering Scheme is used instead in the present invention, the CDR1 of some antibodies corresponding to the Combined definition rule will be H30-H35A, the CDR2 will be H50-H58, and the CDR3 will be H95--H102. “Combined definition rule” can also be used to determine the CDR region in the variable domain sequence. Specifically, the Combined definition rule is generated by combining the classic Kabat definition, Contact definition and Abm definition.
[0158] In some instances, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein comprise “variable region” or “variable domain, ” referring to the domain of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment heavy or light chain that is involved in binding the antibody to antigen. The variable domains of the heavy chain and light chain (VH and VL, respectively) of a native antibody generally have similar structures, with each domain comprising four conserved FRs and three CDRs (See e.g., Kindt et al. Kuby Immunology, 6th ed., W. H. Freeman and Co., page 91 (2007) ) . A single VH or VL domain may be sufficient to confer antigen-binding specificity. Furthermore, antibodies that bind a particular antigen may be isolated using a VH or VL domain from an antibody that binds the antigen to screen a library of complementary VL or VH domains, respectively (See e.g., Portolano et al., J. Immunol. 150: 880-887 (1993) ; Clarkson et al., Nature 352: 624-628 (1991) ) .
[0159] Specific binding or binding of antibody molecules described herein refers to binding mediated by one or more CDR portions of the antibody. Not all CDRs may be required for specific binding. Specific binding can be demonstrated for example by an ELISA against a specific recited target or antigen that shows significant increase in binding compared to an isotype control antibody.
[0160] In some instances, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein comprise a fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) . In a full-length antibody, the Fc region is the C-terminal region of the heavy chain of the antibody that interacts with the host tissues or factors, including binding to Fc receptors located on various cells of the immune system (e.g., effector cells) or to the first component (Clq) of the classical complement system. The interaction of Fc region and Fc-receptors can lead to killing of targeted cells through a variety of immune effector mechanisms, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) , and antibody-mediated complement activation may lead to complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) . Both Fc-receptor interactions and complement activation can elicit a broad range of immunomodulatory functions.
[0161] The Fc region does not comprise an antigen-specific binding region. In IgG, IgA and IgD antibody isotypes, the Fc region is composed of two identical protein fragments, derived from the second and third constant domains (second constant Ig domain of the heavy chain (CH2) and CH3 domains, respectively) of the two heavy chains of an antibody. IgM and IgE Fc regions contain three heavy chain constant domains (CH2, CH3, and CH4 domains) in each polypeptide chain. The Fc region can comprise immunoglobulin domains CH2 and CH3 and the hinge region between CH1 and CH2 domains. The Fc region can also comprise one protein fragment comprising the CH2 domain, CH3 domain, and the hinge region.
[0162] The term “hinge region” as used herein refers to the region of a heavy chain molecule that joins the CH1 domain to the CH2 domain. This hinge region comprises approximately 25 residues and is flexible, thus allowing the two N-terminal antigen binding regions to move independently. Hinge regions can be subdivided into three distinct domains: upper, middle, and lower hinge domains (Roux et al. J. Immunol. 1998 161: 4083) .
[0163] In some instances, a Fc region of the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein comprises a modification, typically to alter one or more of its functional properties, such as serum half-life, complement fixation, Fc-receptor binding, protein stability and / or antigen-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, or lack thereof, among others.
[0164] In a full-length human antibody, the heavy chain’s CH1 domain, hinge region, CH2 domain, and CH3 domain; and the light chain’s constant domain collectively form the constant region of the antibody. The constant region determines the mechanism used to destroy antigen bound by the antibody. Antibodies can be divided into five major classes, IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE, based on their constant region structure and immune function.
[0165] Although the definition of the boundaries of the Fc region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain might vary, as defined herein, the human IgG heavy chain Fc region is defined to stretch from an amino acid residue D221 for IgG1, V222 for IgG2, L221 for IgG3 and P224 for IgG4 to the carboxy -terminus of the heavy chain, wherein the numbering is according to the EU index as in Kabat. The CH2 domain of a human IgG Fc region extends from amino acid 237 to amino acid 340, and the CH3 domain is positioned on C-terminal side of a CH2 domain in an Fc region, i.e., it extends from amino acid 341 to amino acid 447 or 446 (if the C-terminal lysine residue is absent) or 445 (if the C-terminal glycine and lysine residues are absent) of an IgG. As used herein, the Fc region can be a native sequence Fc, including any allotypic variant, or a variant Fc (e.g., a non-naturally occurring Fc) .
[0166] In some embodiments, one or more amino acid modifications may be introduced into the Fc region of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment provided herein, thereby generating an Fc region variant. An Fc region includes native sequence Fc regions or variant Fc regions. The Fc region variant may comprise a human Fc region sequence (e.g., a human IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 or IgG4 Fc region) comprising an amino acid modification (e.g., a substitution) at one or more amino acid positions as described in this disclosure.
[0167] In some instances, the antibodies and antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein comprise humanized antibodies or antigen-binding fragments. A humanized antibody or antigen-binding fragment optionally may include at least a portion of an antibody constant region derived from a human antibody. A humanized a human / non-human chimeric antibody that contains one or more sequences (CDs or FRs) that are derived from a non-human immunoglobulin. The humanized antibody can, optionally, also comprise at least a portion of a FC region of a human immunoglobulin. A humanized antibody can have at least residues from a hyper-variable region of the recipient are replaced by residues from a hyper-variable region of an antibody from a non-human species (donor antibody) such as from a mouse, rat, rabbit, camelid, or non-human primate, which have the desired specificity, affinity, sequence composition and functionality. Furthermore, humanized antibodies can comprise residues that are not found in the recipient antibody or in the donor antibody. These modifications are made to further refine antibody performance. In a humanized antibody / antigen-binding fragment, least one variable domains, in which all or substantially all of the CDR regions correspond to those of a non-human immunoglobulin and in which all or substantially all of the FR residues are those of a human immunoglobulin sequence. A humanized antibody / antigen-binding fragment typically has reduced immunogenicity to humans, while retaining the specificity and affinity of the parental non-human antibody.
[0168] In some embodiments, some FR residues in a humanized antibody are substituted with corresponding residues from a non-human antibody (e.g., the antibody from which the CDR residues are derived) to restore or improve antigen binding specificity or affinity. In some instances, FR residues of the human immunoglobulin in the humanized are replaced by corresponding non-human residues. An example of such a modification is the introduction of one or more “back mutations, ” which are typically amino acid residues derived from the donor antibody. Back mutations can modulate the binding affinity and / or specificity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment to its antigen.
[0169] Humanization of an antibody may be carried out using recombinant techniques known to the person skilled in the art (see, e.g., Antibody Engineering, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 248, edited by Benny K. C. Lo) . Methods for humanizing an antibody / antigen-binding fragment can comprise those described in this disclosure.
[0170] A suitable human recipient framework for both the light and heavy chain variable domain may be identified by, for example, sequence or structural homology. Alternatively, fixed recipient frameworks may be used, e.g., based on knowledge of structure, biophysical and biochemical properties. The recipient frameworks can be germline derived or derived from a mature antibody sequence. CDR regions from the donor antibody can be transferred by CDR grafting. The CDR grafted humanized antibody can be further optimized for e.g., affinity, functionality and biophysical properties by identification of critical framework positions where re-introduction (back-mutation) of the amino acid residue from the donor antibody has beneficial impact on the properties of the humanized antibody. In addition to donor antibody derived back mutations, the humanized antibody can be engineered by introduction of germline residues / mutations in the CDR or framework regions, elimination of immunogenic epitopes, site-directed mutagenesis, affinity maturation, etc.
[0171] Humanized antibody or antigen-binding fragment may be generated by grafting the CDR region of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment to a most homologous human heavy chain template. As used herein, the terms “homologous, ” “homology, ” or “percent homology” when used herein to describe to an amino acid sequence or a nucleic acid sequence, relative to a reference sequence, can be determined using the formula described by Karlin and Altschul (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 2264-2268, 1990, modified as in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 5873-5877, 1993) . Such a formula is incorporated into the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) programs of Altschul et al. (J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410, 1990) . Percent homology of sequences can be determined using the most recent version of BLAST, as of the filing date of this application.
[0172] Percent (%) sequence identity or homology with respect to a reference polypeptide sequence is the percentage of amino acid residues in a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residues in the reference polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences and introducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequence identity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part of the sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percent amino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that are known for instance, using publicly available computer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR) software. Appropriate parameters for aligning sequences are able to be determined, including algorithms needed to achieve maximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared. For purposes herein, however, %amino acid sequence identity values are generated using the sequence comparison computer program ALIGN-2. The ALIGN-2 sequence comparison computer program was authored by Genentech, Inc., and the source code has been filed with user documentation in the U.S. Copyright Office, Washington D.C., 20559, where it is registered under U.S. Copyright Registration No. TXU510087. The ALIGN-2 program is publicly available from Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, Calif., or may be compiled from the source code. The ALIGN-2 program should be compiled for use on a UNIX operating system, including digital UNIX V4.0D. All sequence comparison parameters are set by the ALIGN-2 program and do not vary.
[0173] In situations where ALIGN-2 is employed for amino acid sequence comparisons, the % amino acid sequence identity of a given amino acid sequence A to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B (which can alternatively be phrased as a given amino acid sequence A that has or comprises a certain %amino acid sequence identity to, with, or against a given amino acid sequence B) is calculated as follows: 100 times the fraction X / Y, where X is the number of amino acid residues scored as identical matches by the sequence alignment program ALIGN-2 in that program’s alignment of A and B, and where Y is the total number of amino acid residues in B. It will be appreciated that where the length of amino acid sequence A is not equal to the length of amino acid sequence B, the %amino acid sequence identity of A to B will not equal the %amino acid sequence identity of B to A. Unless specifically stated otherwise, all %amino acid sequence identity values used herein are obtained as described in the immediately preceding paragraph using the ALIGN-2 computer program.
[0174] In some instances, back-mutations are introduced to the human heavy chain template subsequent to the template is grafted with the CDR of the antibody or antigen-binding fragments. Back-mutations may comprise those amino acid mutation in the FR. Back-mutations may alter the binding affinity, specificity, or avidity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragments after humanization. For example, back-mutations may increase the binding affinity, specificity, or avidity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragments after humanization.
[0175] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is afucosylated or lowly afucosylated. Afucosylated or lowly afucosylated antibody or antigen-binding fragment is modified such that the oligosaccharides conjugated to its Fc region or heavy chain constant region does not comprise fucose sugar moiety or has a decreased amount of fucose sugar moiety, relative to an antibody or antigen-binding fragment that is not afucosylated or lowly afucosylated. Afucosylated or lowly afucosylated antibody or antigen-binding fragment can elicit an increased ADCC activity relative to that of a comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment that is not afucosylated or lowly afucosylated. Afucosylated or lowly afucosylated antibody or antigen-binding fragment can be generated by expressing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment in a cell that does not form fucosylated oligosaccharides. The cell may be genetically engineered. In some instances, the cells may overexpress -1, 4-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-b-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. The cell may have a knockout or knockdown of fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) gene or is defective for expressing the gene product of FUT8. The cell may be a mammalian cell. The cell may be a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell.
[0176] In some embodiments, the heavy chain constant region the antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprises heteromultimerization domain. The heteromultimerization domain comprises a knob (e.g., protuberance) , a hole (e.g., cavity) , a leucine zipper, a coiled coil, or a polar amino acid residue capable of forming an electrostatic interaction, or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, wherein when a first polypeptide comprises a knob, and a second polypeptide comprises a hole, the first and second polypeptides can heterodimerize. The heteromultimerization domain or heterodimerization domain can comprise more than one way of interaction, for example, knobs-into-holes (KiH) and hydrophobic interaction, KiH and leucine zipper, etc. “Knobs-into-holes (KiH) ” as used herein refers to the methods or mutations for directing the pairing of two polypeptides (such an antibody or antigen-binding fragments) together in vitro or in vivo by introducing a protuberance (knob) into one polypeptide and a cavity (hole) into the other polypeptide at an interface in which they interact. For example, KiHs have been introduced in the Fc: Fc binding interfaces, CL: CH1 interfaces or VHA L interfaces of antibodies (see, for example, US2007 / 0178552, WO 96 / 027011 , WO 98 / 050431 and Zhu et al. (1997) Protein Science 6: 781 -788, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) . KiH can be used to pair two different heavy chains together during the manufacture of multispecific antibodies. For example, multispecific antibodies having KiH in their Fc regions can further comprise single variable domains linked to each Fc region, or further comprise different heavy chain variable domains that pair with similar or different light chain variable domains. KiH technology can also be used to pair two different receptor extracellular domains together or any other polypeptide sequences that comprises different target recognition sequences (e.g., including affibodies, peptibodies and other Fc fusions) . Mutations of KiH may comprises several CH3 amino acid residues, i.e., mutating threonine (T) 366 to tryptophan (W) for the “knob” half antibody / polypeptide, and mutating threonine (T) 366 to serine (S) , leucine (L) 368 to alanine (A) , and tyrosine (Y) 407 to valine (V) for the “hole” half antibody / polypeptide (See, for example, Ridgway, et al., Protein Eng., Des. Sel. 1996, 9, 617-621., which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) .
[0177] In some other embodiments, the heteromultimerization domains or heterodimerization domains having a strong preference for forming heterodimers over homodimers can be incorporated into the disclosed multispecific antibodies, e.g., for producing such antibodies in vitro or in vivo. Non-limiting examples of such heteromultimerization domains or heterodimerization domains are disclosed in WO 2007 / 147901, WO 2009 / 089004, WO 2010 / 034605, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. See, also, Pack et al., Bio / Technology 11: 1271-1277 (1993) describing the helix-turn-helix motif. Additional non-limiting examples of techniques that can be used to generate heterodimerization domains within the antibodies, e.g., within the first and / or second antigen-binding polypeptides of the antibodies, of the present disclosure include F405L in the first antigen-binding polypeptide chain and K409R in the second antigen-binding polypeptide chain; T350V, L351Y, F405A and Y407V in the first antigen-binding polypeptide chain and T350V, T366L, K392L and T394W in the second antigen-binding polypeptide chain; K409D and K392D in the first antigen-binding polypeptide chain and D399K and E356K in the second antigen-binding polypeptide chain; D221E, P228E and L368E in the first antigen-binding polypeptide chain and D221R, P228R and K409R in the second antigen-binding polypeptide chain; IgG / Achimera (Davis, J. H. et al. SEEDbodies: fusion proteins based on strand-exchange engineered domain (SEED) CH3 heterodimers in an Fc analogue platform for asymmetric binders or immunofusions and bispecific antibodies. Protein Eng. Des. Sel 23: 195-202 (2010) ) ; H435R in one of the first or second antigen-binding polypeptide chains (US 2014 / 0248664A1) ; Y349C, K360E and K409W in the first antigen-binding polypeptide chain and S354C, Q347R, D399V and F405T in the second antigen-binding polypeptide chain; and S364H and F405A in the first antigen-binding polypeptide chain and Y349T and T394F in the second antigen-binding polypeptide chain. Multispecific or bispecific antibodies of the present disclosure can also be made by using “diabody” technology for making bispecific antibody fragments and using single-chain Fv (sFv) dimers; by using chemical techniques (see, e.g., Kranz (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: 5807) , “polydoma” techniques (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,474,893) or recombinant DNA techniques.
[0178] In some embodiments, the heavy chain constant region the antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein comprises homomultimerization domain. A homomultimerization domain can comprise those present within the CH2, CH3, or Fc region.
[0179] In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein undergoes affinity maturation. Affinity maturation may alter the binding affinity of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment to its target antigen. Affinity maturation may comprise subjecting the CDR region of heavy chain variable region, the CDRs, the FRs of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment with single-site point mutation (such as amino acid substitution, deletion, or insertion) . The mutated antibody or antigen-binding fragment is then tested for the binding affinity to its target antigen. Methods of the affinity maturation of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprises any methods described herein.
[0180] In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment provided herein has a dissociation constant (Kd) of about 1 μM, 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.05 nM, 0.01 nM or less (e.g., 10^-8 M or less, e.g., from 10^-8 M to 10^-13 M, e.g., from 10^-9 M to 10^-13 M) for the antibody target. In some embodiments, an antibody provided herein has a KD of about 100 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM, 10 nM, 5 nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.05 nM, 0.01 nM, or 0.001 nM or greater (e.g., 10^-8 M or less, e.g., from 10^-8 M to 10^-13 M, e.g., from 10^-9 M to 10^-13 M) for the antigen (the binding target of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment) . The antigen can be EGFR, and / or c-MET. KD can be measured by any suitable assay. In certain embodiments, KD or (KA; see below) can be measured using surface plasmon resonance assays (e.g., using a BIACORE ( -2000, a -3000 or Octet) ) ; surface plasma resonance; or ELISA) .
[0181] In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is conjugated to a chemical compound. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is conjugated to drug to form an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) . In some embodiments, the drug may be a cytotoxic drug. In some embodiments, the cytotoxic drug comprises a DNA damaging agent (e.g., calicheamicin, duocarmycin, exatecan, pyrrolobenzodiazepine) , a tubulin inhibitor (e.g., auristatin, maytansinoid, or tubulysin) , an immune modulator (e.g., a TLR agonist or STING agonist) , or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the chemical compound, drug, or cytotoxic drug can be conjugated to the antibody or the antigen binding fragment described herein with a linker. The linker may be a peptide linker, a polypeptide linker described herein, a chemical linker, or a combination thereof.
[0182] The antibodies or antigen-binding fragment described herein can be encoded by a nucleic acid. A nucleic acid is a type of polynucleotide comprising two or more nucleotide bases. In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid is a component of a vector that can be used to transfer the polypeptide encoding polynucleotide into a cell. As used herein, the term “vector” refers to a nucleic acid molecule capable of transporting another nucleic acid to which it has been linked. One type of vector is a genomic integrated vector, or “integrated vector, ” which can become integrated into the chromosomal DNA of the host cell. Another type of vector is an “episomal” vector, e.g., a nucleic acid capable of extra-chromosomal replication. Vectors capable of directing the expression of genes to which they are operatively linked are referred to herein as “expression vectors. ” Suitable vectors comprise plasmids, bacterial artificial chromosomes, yeast artificial chromosomes, viral vectors and the like. In the expression vectors regulatory elements such as promoters, enhancers, polyadenylation signals for use in controlling transcription can be derived from mammalian, microbial, viral or insect genes. The ability to replicate in a host, usually conferred by an origin of replication, and a selection gene to facilitate recognition of transformants may additionally be incorporated. Vectors derived from viruses, such as lentiviruses, retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses, and the like, may be employed. Plasmid vectors can be linearized for integration into a genomic region. In certain embodiments, the expression vector is a plasmid. In certain embodiments, the expression vector is a lentivirus, adenovirus, or adeno-associated virus. In certain embodiments, the expression vector is an adenovirus. In certain embodiments, the expression vector is an adeno-associated virus. In certain embodiments, the expression vector is a lentivirus.
[0183] Also described herein are methods of making an antibody described herein. Such methods comprise incubating a cell or cell-line comprising a nucleic acid encoding the antibody in a cell culture medium under conditions sufficient to allow for expression and secretion or excretion of the antibody, and further harvesting the antibody from the cell culture medium. The harvesting can further comprise one or more purification steps to remove live cells, cellular debris, non-antibody proteins or polypeptides, undesired salts, buffers, and medium components. In certain embodiments, the additional purification step (s) include centrifugation, ultracentrifugation, protein A, protein G, protein A / G, or protein L purification, size-exclusion and / or ion exchange chromatography.
[0184] Among the provided antibodies are monoclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (for example, bispecific antibodies or trispecific antibodies) , and antibody fragments. The antibodies include antibody-conjugates and molecules comprising the antibodies, such as chimeric molecules. Thus, an antibody includes, but is not limited to, full-length and native antibodies, as well as antigen-binding fragments and portion thereof retaining the binding specificities thereof, such as any specific binding portion thereof including those having any number of, immunoglobulin classes and / or isotypes (e.g., IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE and IgM) ; and biologically relevant (antigen-binding) fragments or specific binding portions thereof, including but not limited to Fab, F (ab’) 2, Fv, and scFv (single chain or related entity) . A monoclonal antibody is generally one within a composition of substantially homogeneous antibodies; thus, any individual antibodies comprised within the monoclonal antibody composition are identical except for possible naturally occurring mutations that may be present in minor amounts. The monoclonal antibody can comprise a human IgG1 constant region. The monoclonal antibody can comprise a human IgG4 constant region.
[0185] A multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment provided herein can specifically bind at least 2, 3, 4, 5 or more different antigens. As used herein, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment is said to “specific for” or to “specifically bind” a target antigen if it reacts at a detectable level with the target antigen, preferably with an affinity constant, KA, of greater than or equal to about 10^4 M^-1, or greater than or equal to about 10^5 M^-1, greater than or equal to about 10^6M^-1, greater than or equal to about 10^7M^-1, or greater than or equal to 10^8 M^-1, or greater than or equal to 10^9 M^-1, or greater than or equal to 10^10 M^-1, or greater than or equal to 10^11 M^-1, or greater than or equal to 10^12 M^-1. Affinity of an antibody for its cognate antigen is also commonly expressed as a dissociation constant KD, and in certain embodiments, an antibody specifically binds to antigen if it binds with a KD of less than or equal to 10^-4 M, less than or equal to about 10^-5 M, less than or equal to about 10^-6 M, less than or equal to 10^-7 M, or less than or equal to 10^-8 M, or less than or equal to 5x10^-9 M, or less than or equal to 10^-9 M, or less than or equal to 5x10^-10 M, or less than or equal to 10^-10 M, or less than or equal to 5x10^-11 M, or less than or equal to 10^-11 M, or less than or equal to 5x10^-12 M, or less than or equal to 10^-12 M. In some embodiments KD = 1 / KA (or vice versa) . Affinities of antibodies can be readily determined using conventional techniques, for example, those described by Scatchard G et al. (The attractions of proteins for small molecules and ions. See Ann NY Acad Sci 1949; 51: 660-672, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety) . Binding properties of an antibody to antigens, cells or tissues thereof may generally be determined and assessed using immunodetection methods including, for example, immunofluorescence-based assays, such as immuno-histochemistry (IHC) and / or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) .
[0186] The terms “polypeptide” and “protein” are used interchangeably to refer to a polymer of amino acid residues, and are not limited to a minimum length. Polypeptides, including the provided antibodies and antibody chains and other peptides, e.g., linkers and binding peptides, may include amino acid residues including natural and / or non-natural amino acid residues. The terms also include post-expression modifications of the polypeptide, for example, glycosylation, sialylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and the like. In some aspects, the polypeptides may contain modifications with respect to a native or natural sequence, as long as the protein maintains the desired activity. These modifications may be deliberate, as through site-directed mutagenesis, or may be accidental, such as through mutations of hosts which produce the proteins or errors due to PCR amplification. ” In some embodiments, amino acid sequence variants of the antibodies provided herein are contemplated. A variant typically differs from a polypeptide specifically disclosed herein in one or more substitutions, deletions, additions and / or insertions. Such variants can be naturally occurring or can be synthetically generated, for example, by modifying one or more of the above polypeptide sequences of the invention and evaluating one or more biological activities of the polypeptide as described herein and / or using any of a number of known techniques. For example, it may be desirable to improve the binding affinity and / or other biological properties of the antibody Amino acid sequence variants of an antibody may be prepared by introducing appropriate modifications into the nucleotide sequence encoding the antibody, or by peptide synthesis. Such modifications include, for example, deletions from, and / or insertions into and / or substitutions of residues within the amino acid sequences of the antibody. Any combination of deletion, insertion, and substitution can be made to arrive at the final construct, provided that the final construct possesses the desired characteristics, e.g., antigen-binding.
[0187] In the present disclosure, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments provided herein may be practiced without these details. Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, as “including, but not limited to. ” As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and / or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Further, headings provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the claimed embodiments. As used herein the term “about” refers to an amount that is near the stated amount by 10%or less.
[0188] Methods of Treatments
[0189] Provided herein are methods for treating a disease, disorder, or condition in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of therapeutic agents comprising the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein, the nucleic acid acids encoding thereof, virus or vectors comprising or encoding thereof, the cell comprising thereof, and / or the pharmaceutical compositions comprising thereof, or any combinations thereof. “Treat, ” “treatment, ” or “treating, ” as used herein refers to, e.g., a deliberate intervention to a physiological disease state resulting in the reduction in severity of a disease or condition; the reduction in the duration of a condition course; the amelioration or elimination of one or more symptoms associated with a disease or condition; or the provision of beneficial effects to a subject with a disease or condition. Treatment does not require curing the underlying disease or condition.
[0190] In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the efficacy of the treatment. When comparing the efficacy of a treatment of an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein, a comparable treatment option may comprise: a treatment without the antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein; a treatment with a single-antigen specific anti-EGFR, anti-c-MET, a combination thereof; a treatment with an inhibitor (s) targeting the EGFR and / or c-MET; a treatment with an antibody or antigen-binding fragment that binds the same target antigen (s) but with a different binding affinity and / or specificity, relative to the antibody or antigen binding region described herein; or a treatment with an antibody or antigen-binding fragment that binds the same target antigen (s) but with a different antigen binding region or sequence identity, relative to the antigen binding region described herein.
[0191] In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the efficacy of the treatment by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to a treatment without the antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the efficacy of the treatment by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold, relative to a treatment without the antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein.
[0192] In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the efficacy of the treatment by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to a treatment with a comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the efficacy of the treatment by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold, relative to a treatment with a comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment. The comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment may bind the same target antigen (s) but with a different binding affinity and / or specificity, relative to the antibody or antigen binding region described herein. The comparable antibody or antigen-binding fragment may bind the same target antigen (s) but with a different antigen binding region or sequence identity, relative to the antigen binding region described herein. The comparable antibody may comprise a light chain variable region.
[0193] In some embodiments, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the efficacy of the treatment by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to a treatment without the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein. In some embodiments, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the efficacy of the treatment by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold, relative to a treatment without the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein.
[0194] In some embodiments, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the efficacy of the treatment by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to a treatment with a single-antigen specific anti-EGFR, anti-c-MET, a combination thereof; an inhibitor (s) targeting the target antigen thereof; or any combinations thereof. In some embodiments, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the efficacy of the treatment by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold, relative to a treatment with a single-antigen specific anti-EGFR, anti-c-MET antibody, a combination thereof; an inhibitor (s) targeting the target antigen thereof; or any combinations thereof.
[0195] In some embodiments, an anti-EGFR / anti-c-MET bispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the efficacy of the treatment by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, 1000000-fold, or more, relative to a treatment with multiple antibodies or inhibitor (s) (or antigen-binding fragments) that target or inhibit EGFR and c-MET. In some embodiments, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the efficacy of the treatment by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold, relative to a treatment with multiple antibodies or inhibitor (s) (or antigen-binding fragments) that target or inhibit EGFR and c-MET. In some cases, the efficacy of a treatment is measured by immune response against the cancer cell or tumors. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a cancer or cancer cell. Immune responses against cancer cells or tumors may be measured by cancer or cancer cell growth or tumor growth. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may decrease the number of cancer cells, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable cancer or cancer cell population not treated with the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment or treated with a comparable treatment option described herein. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may decrease the number of cancer cells, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable cancer or cancer cell population not treated with the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment or treated with a comparable treatment option described herein. In some instances, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a tumor in vivo. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a tumor in vivo, by at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable tumor (or animal) not treated with the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment or treated with a comparable treatment option described herein. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may inhibit the growth of a tumor in vivo, by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to a comparable tumor (or animal) not treated with the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment or treated with a comparable treatment option described herein.
[0196] In some cases, the efficacy of a treatment may also be measured on a population level. For example, the efficacy of a treatment may be measured by overall survival (OS) , progression‐free survival (PFS) , or combination thereof in two population of subjects; wherein one population of subjects is treated with the antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein and one population of subjects is treated without the antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein (or treated with any comparable treatment options described herein) . In some embodiments, a multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein increases the OS or PFS of a population of subjected by at most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, or 5 fold, relative to another population of subjected not receiving the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment or treated with a comparable treatment option described herein.
[0197] In some cases, the efficacy of a treatment is measured by metastatic state of the cancer. The metastatic state of cancer may be classified by stages of cancer (type I, II, III, and IV) . In some cases, the metastatic state of cancer may be measured by the number of metastatic cancer cells within a subject. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may decrease the number of metastatic cancer cells in a subject by least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to the subject not treated with the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment or treated with a comparable treatment option described herein. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may decrease the number of metastatic cancer cells in a subject by most about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %, relative to the subject not treated with the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment or treated with a comparable treatment option described herein.
[0198] In some cases, the efficacy of a treatment may be measured by the specificity of the treatment to a specific cancer cell type. In some embodiments, the specific cancer cell type expresses EGFR and / or c-MET; that expresses EGFR and / or c-MET at a higher level than a non-cancer cell; that has acquired EGFR-inhibitor (s) resistance as described herein; a combination thereof; or progenies thereof. In some embodiments, the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may kill at least about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 150 %, 2-fold, 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, 7-fold, 8-fold, 9-fold, 10-fold, 100-fold, 1000-fold, 10000-fold, 100000-fold, or 1000000-fold more cells of the specific cancer cell type described herein, relative to the cells that are not of the specific cancer cell type. In some embodiments, a treatment comprising an multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein may decrease the off-target effects. The off-target effect may be measured by the amount of cell death among the cells that are not of the specific cancer cell type. In some embodiments, a treatment with the multispecific antibody or antigen-binding fragment may induce about 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, 4 %, 5 %, 6 %, 7 %, 8 %, 9 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, 60 %, 70 %, 80 %, 90 %, or 100 %less cell death among the cells that are not of the specific cancer cell type, relative to a comparable treatment option.
[0199] As used herein the term “individual, ” “patient, ” or “subject” refers to individuals diagnosed with, suspected of being afflicted with, or at-risk of developing at least one disease for which the described compositions and method are useful for treating. In certain embodiments the individual is a mammal. In certain embodiments, the mammal is a mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, horse, cow, sheep, pig, goat, llama, alpaca, camelid, human, or yak. In certain embodiments, the individual is a human.
[0200] A “therapeutically effective amount, ” “effective dose, ” “effective amount, ” or “therapeutically effective dosage” of a therapeutic agent is any amount of the therapeutic agent that, when used alone or in combination with another therapeutic agent, protects a subject against the onset of a disease condition or promotes disease regression evidenced by a decrease in severity of disease symptoms, an increase in frequency and duration of disease symptom-free periods, or a prevention of impairment or disability due to the disease affliction. The ability of a therapeutic agent to promote disease regression can be evaluated using a variety of methods known to the skilled practitioner, such as in human subjects during clinical trials, in animal model systems predictive of efficacy in humans, or by assaying the activity of the agent in in vitro assays. The efficacy of a treatment comprising a therapeutic agent for the treatment of a disease or medical condition can be determined by the skilled clinician. However, a treatment is considered “effective treatment” if any one or all of the signs or symptoms of, as but one example, tumor size is reduced (e.g., reduced by at least 10%) , or other clinically accepted symptoms or markers of disease are improved or ameliorated. Efficacy can also be measured by failure of an individual to worsen as assessed by hospitalization or need for medical interventions (e.g., progression of the disease is halted or at least slowed) . Methods of measuring these indicators are known to those of skill in the art and / or described herein. Treatment includes any treatment of a disease in an individual or an animal (some non-limiting examples include a human, or a mammal) and includes: (1) inhibiting the disease, e.g., arresting, or slowing the progression of symptoms; or (2) relieving the disease, e.g., causing regression of symptoms; and (3) preventing or reducing the likelihood of the development of symptoms.
[0201] The therapeutic agents can be administered alone or in combination with other agents (e.g., another antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof or a drug molecule) . In some embodiments, a checkpoint inhibitor, a T cell agonist antibody, a vaccine, an oncolytic virus, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, therapeutic cells (cell therapy) , and / or toxin therapy can be combined with the therapeutic agent disclosed herein. In some embodiments, therapeutic cells comprise CAR T cells or other adoptively transferred T cells. Administration “in combination with” one or more additional therapeutic agents includes simultaneous (concurrent) and consecutive administration in any order. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with a checkpoint inhibitor for treating a disease described herein. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with a T cell agonist antibody for treating a disease described herein. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with a vaccine for treating a disease described herein. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with an oncolytic virus for treating a disease described herein. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with chemotherapy for treating a disease described herein. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with hormonal therapy for treating a disease described herein. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with immunotherapy for treating a disease described herein. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with radiotherapy for treating a disease described herein. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with surgery for treating a disease described herein. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with therapeutic cells (cell therapy) for treating a disease described herein. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with toxin therapy for treating a disease described herein.
[0202] Various classes of anti-cancer agents can be used in combination with an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein for treating cancer. In some embodiments, the anti-cancer agents comprises alkylating agents, an antibody or antigen-binding region different from those described herein, anthracyclines, antihistamines, antimetabolites, antineoplastics, antipyretics, checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, hormone treatments, immunomodulators, nanoparticles, plant alkaloids, podophyllotoxin, radiation therapy, soluble receptors, topoisomerase inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with alkylating agents for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with an antibody or antigen-binding region different from those described herein for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with anthracyclines for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with antihistamines for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with antimetabolites for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with antineoplastics for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with antipyretics for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with checkpoint inhibitors for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with cytokines for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with hormone treatments for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with immunomodulators for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with nanoparticles for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with plant alkaloids for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with podophyllotoxin for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with radiation therapy for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with soluble receptors for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with topoisomerase inhibitors for treating a cancer. In some embodiments, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein is combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treating a cancer.
[0203] In some embodiments, the disease, disorder, or condition is a cancer, an inflammatory disease, or an autoimmune disease. In some embodiments, the disease, disorder, or condition is cancer. In some embodiments, the disease, disorder, or condition is a hyperproliferative disorder (e.g., cancer or hyperplasia characterized by the unregulated overgrowth of cells) .
[0204] In some embodiments, the cancer is associated with or has a mutation (s) in EGFR, and / or c-MET. In some embodiments, the cancer is associated with or has a mutation (s) in EGFR. The mutation may be a gain-of-function mutation in EGFR. The mutation may lead to a hyperactive EGFR protein or hyperactive EGFR-regulated signaling pathway. The cancer may also have a deregulation defect in the EGFR signaling pathway without a mutation in EGFR (such as hyperactive EGFR-regulated signaling pathway) . The cancer may acquire inhibitor resistance to a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (e.g., an EGFR inhibitor) .
[0205] Hyperproliferative disorders or cancers include but not limited to, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ; adult intracranial ependymoma; adult low-grade infiltrative supratentorial astrocytoma / oligodendroglioma; advanced head neck cancer; AIDS-Related B-Cell lymphoma; anal carcinoma; anaplastic astrocytoma / anaplastic oligodendroglioma / glioblastoma multiforme / carcinoma; B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia; bladder cancer; bone cancer; borderline epithelial ovarian cancer (Low Malignant Potential) ; breast cancer; Burkitt’s lymphoma; Burkitt's lymphoma; cancer of the glottic larynx; cancer of the hypopharynx; cancer of the lip; cancer of the nasopharynx; cancer of the oral cavity; cancer of the oropharynx; cancer of the supraglottic larynx; carcinoid tumors; carcinomatous lymphomatous meningitis; central nervous system cancers; cervical cancer; chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) ; colon cancer; dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans; desmoid; diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) ; esophageal cancer; Ewing's sarcoma; extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; follicular carcinoma; follicular lymphoma; gallbladder cancer; gastric (stomach) cancer; hairy cell leukemia; head and neck cancers; hepatobiliary cancers; Hodgkin disease / lymphoma; Hürthle cell neoplasm; intra-abdominal sarcoma; intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; islet cell tumors; kidney cancer; less common ovarian histologies; limited (1-3) metastatic lesions; leukemia; lymphoblastic lymphoma; lymphoma; MALT lymphoma; mantle cell lymphoma; marginal zone lymphoma; maxillary sinus tumors; medullary carcinoma; melanoma; Merkel cell carcinoma; metastatic spine tumors; multiple (>3) metastatic lesions; multiple endocrine neoplasia; multiple myeloma; mycosis fungoides / Syndrome; myelodysplastic syndromes; neuroendocrine tumors; nodule evaluation; Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas; non-immunosuppressed primary CNS lymphoma; non-melanoma skin cancers; non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ; occult primary; osteosarcoma; ovarian cancer; Paget's disease; pancreatic adenocarcinoma; papillary carcinoma; peripheral T-Cell lymphoma; pheochromocytoma; phyllodes tumor; poorly differentiated / small cell / atypical lung carcinoids; precursor B lymphoblastic leukemia; prostate cancer; rectal cancer; retroperitoneal; salivary gltumors; small cell lung cancer and lung neuroendocrine tumors; soft tissue sarcoma; systemic light chain amyloidosis; testicular cancer; thymic malignancies; uterine neoplasms; Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia; or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.
[0206] The terms “administering” when referring to treating a disease refers to the introduction or placement of a therapeutically effective amount of therapeutic agents comprising the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments disclosed herein, the nucleic acid acids encoding thereof, virus or vectors comprising or encoding thereof, the cell comprising thereof, and / or the pharmaceutical compositions comprising thereof, or any combinations thereof into a subject, by a method or route that results in (1) at least partial localization of the introduced therapeutic agents at a desired site-such as a site of injury or repair-or (2) systematically, such that a desired effect (s) is produced. The therapeutic agents can be administered by any appropriate route that results in delivery to a desired location in the subject. In some aspects described herein, an effective amount of the recombinant polypeptides, nucleic acids, and / or gene editing molecules, or recombinant cells is administered via a systemic route of administration, such as an intraperitoneal or intravenous route.
[0207] The terms “individual, ” “subject, ” “host” and “patient” are used interchangeably herein and refer to any subject for whom diagnosis, treatment or therapy is desired. In some aspects, the subject is a mammal. In some aspects, the subject is a human. The subject may be about 1 day old, 2 days old, 3 days old, 4 days old, 5 days old, 6 days old, 7 days old, 2 weeks old, 3 weeks old, 4 weeks old, 2 months old, 3 months old, 4 months old, 5 months old, 6 months old, 7 months old, 8 months old, 9 months old, 10 months old, 11 months old, 12 months old, 2 years old, 3 years old, 4 years old, 5 years old, 10 years old, 15 years old, 20 years old, 25 years old, 30 years old, 35 years old, 40 years old, 45 years old, 50 years old, 55 years old, 60 years old, 65 years old, 70 years old, 75 years old, 80 years old, 85 years old, 90 years old, 95 years old, 100 years old or older.
[0208] Modes of administration include injection, infusion, instillation, or ingestion. “Injection” includes, without limitation, transtracheal, systematic, subcuticular, subcutaneous, subarachnoid, sub capsular, intraventricular, intravenous, intrathecal, intrasternal , intraspinal, intraperitoneal, intraorbital, intramuscular, intradermal, intracerebro spinal, intracardiac, intracapsular, intraarticular, intra-arterial, injection and infusion. In some embodiments, the route is intravenous. The therapeutic agents can be administered systemically. The phrases “systemic administration, ” “administered systemically, ” “peripheral administration” and “administered peripherally” refer to the administration of a therapeutic agent, other than directly into a target site, tissue, or organ, such that it enters, instead, the subject's circulatory system and, thus, is subject to metabolism and other like processes.
[0209] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agents may be introduced into a cell using biological methods. Biological methods may employ vectors or synthetic liposomes, non-viral biological agents, (e.g., bacteria, bacteriophage, virus-like particles, erythrocyte ghosts, or exosomes) . In some embodiments, nucleic acids may be introduced into a cell via any other delivery system. In some embodiments, nucleic acids may be introduced into a cell using a cell transformation method, a cell transduction method or a transfection method. The transfection leads to uptake of any artificial introduction of foreign cargo e.g. nucleic acids into a cell. In some embodiments, nucleic acids may be introduced into a cell using physical methods in which physical energy is applied for intracellular delivery. Such physical methods use application of force to generate transient pores in the cell membrane. Such physical methods comprises: ballistic gene delivery; cell squeezing; constriction channel based intracellular delivery; electroporation; field-induced membrane disruption; laser-induced photoporation; magnetoporation; mechanoporation; microfluidic electroporation; microinjection; nanochannel electroporation; nanofountain probe electroporation; nanostraw electroporation; optical transfection; optoporation; particle bombardment; sonoporation; thermoporation; or any combinations thereof. In some embodiments, nucleic acids may be introduced into a cell using chemical methods, such as chemical vector-based non-viral cargo delivery which may require modifying cell-penetrating peptides or proteins or endosomal escape to transfect cargo molecules into the cytoplasm directly. The chemical transfection methods are techniques that catalyze DNA cross-membrane transport. In some embodiments, chemical methods may use Ca2+phosphate, polycations or dendrimers including for example, without limitations, such methods as, use of cationic polymers e.g. diethylaminoethyl-dextran (DEAE-dextran) . Chemical methods of cell delivery may apply cell transfection with cationic lipids (non-viral vectors) , also known as lipofection or lipid-mediated / liposome transfection are used in cargo or gene transfection.
[0210] Pharmaceutical Composition
[0211] Provided herein are therapeutic agents comprising pharmaceutical compositions.
[0212] The composition described herein may include, but not limited to, aqueous liquid dispersions, self-emulsifying dispersions, solid solutions, liposomal dispersions, aerosols, solid dosage forms, powders, immediate release formulations, controlled release formulations, fast melt formulations, tablets, capsules, pills, delayed release formulations, extended release formulations, pulsatile release formulations, multiparticulate formulations, and mixed immediate and controlled release formulations.
[0213] The pharmaceutical composition may be manufactured in a conventional manner such as, by way of example only, by means of conventional mixing, dissolving, granulating, dragee-making, levigating, emulsifying, encapsulating, entrapping or compression processes.
[0214] In certain embodiments, pharmaceutical composition provided herein include one or more preservatives to inhibit microbial activity. Suitable preservatives include mercury-containing substances such as merfen and thiomersal; stabilized chlorine dioxide; and quaternary ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetylpyridinium chloride. In some embodiments, pharmaceutical composition described herein benefit from antioxidants, metal chelating agents, thiol containing compounds and other general stabilizing agents. Examples of such stabilizing agents, include, but are not limited to: (a) about 0.5%to about 2%w / v glycerol, (b) about 0.1%to about 1%w / v methionine, (c) about 0.1%to about 2%w / v monothioglycerol, (d) about 1 mM to about 10 mM EDTA, I about 0.01%to about 2%w / v ascorbic acid, (f) 0.003%to about 0.02%w / v polysorbate 80, (g) 0.001%to about 0.05%w / v. polysorbate 20, (h) arginine, (i) heparin, (j) dextran sulfate, (k) cyclodextrins, (l) pentosan polysulfate and other heparinoids, (m) divalent cations such as magnesium and zinc; or (n) combinations thereof.
[0215] The pharmaceutical composition described herein is formulated into any suitable dosage form, including but not limited to, aqueous oral dispersions, liquids, gels, syrups, elixirs, slurries, suspensions, solid oral dosage forms, aerosols, controlled release formulations, fast melt formulations, effervescent formulations, lyophilized formulations, tablets, powders, pills, dragees, capsules, delayed release formulations, extended release formulations, pulsatile release formulations, multiparticulate formulations, and mixed immediate release and controlled release formulations. In one aspect, a therapeutic agent as discussed herein, e.g., therapeutic agent is formulated into a pharmaceutical composition suitable for intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous injection. In one aspect, formulations suitable for intramuscular, subcutaneous, or intravenous injection include physiologically acceptable sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, dispersions, suspensions or emulsions, and sterile powders for rehydration into sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. Examples of suitable aqueous and non-aqueous carriers, diluents, solvents, or vehicles include water, ethanol, polyols (propyleneglycol, polyethylene-glycol, glycerol, cremophor and the like) , suitable mixtures thereof, vegetable oils (such as olive oil) and injectable organic esters such as ethyl oleate. Proper fluidity may be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersions, and by the use of surfactants. In some embodiments, formulations suitable for subcutaneous injection also contain additives such as preserving, wetting, emulsifying, and dispensing agents. Prevention of the growth of microorganisms may be ensured by various antibacterial and antifungal agents such as parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, sorbic acid, and the like. In some cases, it is desirable to include isotonic agents such as sugars, sodium chloride, and the like. Prolonged absorption of the injectable pharmaceutical form may be brought about by the use of agents delaying absorption such as aluminum monostearate and gelatin. In some embodiments, the diluent comprises saline, dextrose, Lactated Ringer solution, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the diluent has a pH of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 13, or 14. In some embodiments, the diluent has a pH of 1-14, 2-13, 3-12, 4-11, 5-10, 5-9.5, 5-9, 5-8.5, 5-8, 5-7.5, 5-7, 5-6.5, 5-6, 5-5.5, 6-10, 6-9.5, 6-9, 6-8.5, 6-8, 6-7.5, 6-7, 6-6.5, or 6.6-8. In some embodiments, the diluent is present at a concentration (w / v) of at least about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the diluent is present at a concentration (w / v) of at most t about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the diluent is present at a concentration of at least about (v / v) of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the diluent is present at a concentration (v / v) of at most about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the saline is present at a concentration (w / v) of at least about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the saline is present at a concentration (w / v) of at most t about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the saline is present at a concentration of at least about (v / v) of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the saline is present at a concentration (v / v) of at most about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the dextrose is present at a concentration (w / v) of at least about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the dextrose is present at a concentration (w / v) of at most t about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the dextrose is present at a concentration of at least about (v / v) of 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the dextrose is present at a concentration (v / v) of at most about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%of the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the diluent comprises sodium chloride. In some embodiments, the sodium chloride may be present at a concentration of 1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM, 4 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM, 15 mM, 20 mM, 25 mM, 30 mM, 35 mM, 40 mM, 45 mM, 50 mM, 55 mM, 60 mM, 65 mM, 70 mM, 75 mM, 80 mM, 85 mM, 90 mM, 95 mM, 100 mM, 105 mM, 110 mM, 115 mM, 120 mM, 125 mM, 130 mM, 135 mM, 140 mM, 145 mM, 150 mM, 155 mM, 160 mM, 165 mM, 170 mM, 175 mM, 180 mM, 185 mM, 190 mM, 195 mM, 200 mM, 250 mM, 500 mM, or 1000 mM within the therapeutic agent or pharmaceutical composition.
[0216] For intravenous injections or drips or infusions, a pharmaceutical composition described herein is formulated in aqueous solutions, preferably in physiologically compatible buffers such as Hank’s solution, Ringer’s solution, or physiological saline buffer. For transmucosal administration, penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation. Such penetrants are generally known in the art. For other parenteral injections, appropriate formulations include aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, preferably with physiologically compatible buffers or excipients. Such excipients are known.
[0217] Parenteral injections may involve bolus injection or continuous infusion. Pharmaceutical composition for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi dose containers, with an added preservative. The composition described herein may be in a form suitable for parenteral injection as a sterile suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and / or dispersing agents. In one aspect, the active ingredient is in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.
[0218] Pharmaceutical preparations for oral use are obtained by mixing one or more solid excipient with one or more of the compositions described herein, optionally grinding the resulting mixture, and processing the mixture of granules, after adding suitable auxiliaries, if desired, to obtain tablets or dragee cores. Suitable excipients include, for example, fillers such as sugars, including lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol; cellulose preparations such as, for example, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose; or others such as: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP or povidone) or calcium phosphate. If desired, disintegrating agents are added such as the cross linked croscarmellose sodium, polyvinylpyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof such as sodium alginate. In some embodiments, dyestuffs or pigments are added to the tablets or dragee coatings for identification or to characterize different combinations of active therapeutic agent doses. In another aspect, dosage forms include microencapsulated formulations. In some embodiments, one or more other compatible materials are present in the microencapsulation material. Non-limiting example of materials includes pH modifiers, erosion facilitators, anti-foaming agents, antioxidants, flavoring agents, and carrier materials such as binders, suspending agents, disintegration agents, filling agents, surfactants, solubilizers, stabilizers, lubricants, wetting agents, and diluents.
[0219] Liquid formulation dosage forms for oral administration are optionally aqueous suspensions selected from the group including, but not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable aqueous oral dispersions, emulsions, solutions, elixirs, gels, and syrups. In addition to therapeutic agent the liquid dosage forms optionally include additives such as: (a) disintegrating agents; (b) dispersing agents; (c) wetting agents; (d) at least one preservative, (e) viscosity enhancing agents, (f) at least one sweetening agent, and (g) at least one flavoring agent. In some embodiments, the aqueous dispersions further include a crystal-forming inhibitor.
[0220] Conventional formulation techniques include, e.g., one or a combination of methods: (1) dry mixing, (2) direct compression, (3) milling, (4) dry or non-aqueous granulation, (5) wet granulation, or (6) fusion. Other methods include, e.g., spray drying, pan coating, melt granulation, granulation, fluidized bed spray drying or coating (e.g., wurster coating) , tangential coating, top spraying, tableting, extruding and the like. In some embodiments, the compositions are provided that include particles of a therapeutic agent and at least one dispersing agent or suspending agent for oral administration to a subject. The formulations may be a powder and / or granules for suspension, and upon admixture with water, a substantially uniform suspension is obtained. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical composition optionally include one or more pH adjusting agents or buffering agents, including acids such as acetic, boric, citric, lactic, phosphoric and hydrochloric acids; bases such as sodium hydroxide, sodium phosphate, sodium borate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate, sodium lactate and tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane; and buffers such as citrate / dextrose, sodium bicarbonate and ammonium chloride. Such acids, bases and buffers are included in an amount required to maintain pH of the composition in an acceptable range. Additionally, the pharmaceutical composition optionally includes one or more salts in an amount required to bring osmolality of the composition into an acceptable range. Such salts include those having sodium, potassium or ammonium cations and chloride, citrate, ascorbate, borate, phosphate, bicarbonate, sulfate, thiosulfate or bisulfite anions; suitable salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, sodium bisulfite, and ammonium sulfate.
[0221] The pharmaceutical composition comprises an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein and an additional component.
[0222] The additional component may be a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable” with reference to a carrier” “excipient” includes any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like that are physiologically compatible. In some aspects, the carrier is suitable for the administration described herein. A pharmaceutically acceptable excipient allows the therapeutic agent to retain the desired biological activity of the parent compound and does not impart any undesired toxicological effects (see e.g., Berge, S.M., et al. (1977) J. Pharm. Sci. 66: 1-19) . Depending on the route of administration, the therapeutic agent can be coated in a material to protect the compound from the action of acids and other natural conditions that can inactivate the compound.
[0223] A pharmaceutically acceptable excipient may be a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt comprises acid addition salts and base addition salts. Acid addition salts comprise those derived from nontoxic inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric, nitric, phosphoric, sulfuric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphorous and the like, as well as from nontoxic organic acids such as aliphatic mono-and dicarboxylic acids, phenyl-substituted alkanoic acids, hydroxy alkanoic acids, aromatic acids, aliphatic and aromatic sulfonic acids and the like. Base addition salts comprise those derived from alkaline earth metals, such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and the like, as well as from nontoxic organic amines, such as Ν, Ν’-dibenzylethylenediamine, N-methylglucamine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, procaine and the like.
[0224] The therapeutic agent of the present disclosure can include one or more other excipients in addition to the at least one ionization stabilizing excipient and the at least one sustained release modifier. In some embodiments, the other excipient is selected from sugars, salts, starches, sugar alcohols, antioxidants, chelators, and preservatives. Examples of suitable sugars excipients include, but are not limited to trehalose, glucose, sucrose, etc. Examples of suitable starches for stabilizing excipients include, but are not limited to, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) . Examples of suitable sugar alcohols (also referred to as polyols) for stabilizing excipients include, but are not limited to, mannitol and sorbitol. Examples of suitable antioxidants include, but are not limited to, ascorbic acid, cysteine, methionine, monothioglycerol, sodium thiosulphate, sulfites, BHT, BHA, ascorbyl palmitate, propyl gallate, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) , and Vitamin E. Examples of suitable chelators include, but are not limited to, EDTA, EDTA disodium salt (edetate disodium) , tartaric acid and salts thereof, glycerin, and citric acid and salts thereof. Examples of suitable inorganic salts include, but are not limited to, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate and zinc acetate. Examples of suitable preservatives include, but are not limited to, benzyl alcohols, methyl parabens, metacresol, propyl parabens, and mixtures thereof. Additional formulation components include local anesthetics, such as lidocaine or procaine. In some embodiments, the additional stabilizing excipient is present in the formulation in an amount ranging from about 0.01% (w / v) to about 60% (w / v) , from about 1% (w / v) to about 50%(w / v) , from about 1% (w / v) to about 40% (w / v) , from about 1% (w / v) to about 30% (w / v) , from about 1% (w / v) to about 20% (w / v) , from about 5% (w / v) to about 60% (w / v) , from about 5% (w / v) to about 50% (w / v) , from about 5% (w / v) to about 40% (w / v) , from about 5% (w / v) to about 30% (w / v) , from about 5% (w / v) to about 20% (w / v) , from about 10% (w / v) to about 60% (w / v) , from about 10% (w / v) to about 50% (w / v) , from about 10% (w / v) to about 40% (w / v) , from about 10% (w / v) to about 30% (w / v) , or from about 10% (w / v) to about 20% (w / v) . In some embodiments, the additional stabilizing excipient is present in the formulation in an amount that is about, at most, or at least 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60% (w / v) .
[0225] Kit
[0226] Disclosed herein, in some embodiments, are kits for using the compositions or the antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof described herein. In some embodiments, the kit disclosed herein may be used to treat a disease or condition in a subject. In some embodiments, the kit comprises an assemblage of materials or components apart from the composition.
[0227] In some embodiments, the kit described herein comprises a pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein, comprising the antibody or antigen binding fragment. In some embodiments, the antibody or antigen binding fragment is specific to an antigen expressed by a cell associated with a disease or condition or a cell for modulating immune response in the subject. In some embodiments, the kit further comprises an additional therapeutic agent, such as those disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the kit further comprises instructions for administering the pharmaceutical formulation and / or additional therapeutic agent to the subject to treat a disease or a condition in the subject such as cancer. In some embodiments, the kit further comprises instructions for administering the pharmaceutical composition or additional therapeutic agent to the subject to treat the disease or condition.
[0228] In some embodiments, the kit comprises the components for assaying the number of units of the antibody or antigen binding fragment. In some embodiments, the kit comprises components for performing assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) , single-molecular array (Simoa) , FACS, PCR, or qPCR. The exact nature of the components configured in the kit depends on its intended purpose. For example, some embodiments are configured for the purpose of treating a disease or condition disclosed herein (e.g., cancer) in a subject. In some embodiments, the kit is configured particularly for the purpose of treating mammalian subjects. In some embodiments, the kit is configured particularly for the purpose of treating human subjects.
[0229] Instructions for use may be included in the kit. In some embodiments, the kit comprises instructions for administering the composition to a subject in need thereof. In some embodiments, the kit comprises instructions for further engineering the composition to express an antibody or antigen binding fragment (e.g., a therapeutic agent) . Optionally, the kit also contains other useful components such as diluents, buffers, pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, syringes, catheters, applicators, pipetting or measuring tools, bandaging materials or other useful paraphernalia. The materials or components assembled in the kit may be provided to the practitioner stored in any convenient and suitable ways that preserve their operability and utility. The components are typically contained in suitable packaging material (s) .
[0230] Manufacture
[0231] Provided herein are methods for manufacturing or generating an antibody or antigen-binding fragment disclosed herein, or the cells, nucleic acids, vectors, or therapeutic agents comprising (or expressing or encoding when appropriate) the same. The nucleic acids encoding the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments described herein can be used to infect, transfect, transform, or otherwise render a suitable cell transgenic for the nucleic acid, thus enabling the production of antibodies or antigen-binding fragments for commercial or therapeutic uses.
[0232] In certain embodiments, the nucleic acid encoding the antibody is integrated into a genomic locus of a cell useful for producing antibodies. In certain embodiments, described herein is a method of making an antibody or antigen-binding fragment comprising culturing a cell comprising a nucleic acid encoding an antibody under conditions in vitro sufficient to allow production and secretion of said antibody.
[0233] In some embodiments, nucleic acids encoding or comprising the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments are integrated to the genome of the cell. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid integrating into the cell may be single stranded. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid integrating may be double stranded. The nucleic acid may be DNA or RNA. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid may not be integrated into the genome of the cell but is maintained as extrachromosomal nucleic acid may be transient integration in the cell. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid may integrate into the cell genome within a random locus. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid may integrate into the cell genome within a directed or targeted locus. In instances whether the nucleic acid is integrated into the cell genome or not, the nucleic acid may replicate when the cell genome replicates; or the nucleic acid is passed on to the progeny cell (s) when the cell divides.
[0234] In some embodiments, the vector or cell comprising the sequences of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments is a recombinant vector or cell. The recombinant cell or recombinant vector may comprise a selectable biomarker. The selectable marker that is expressed by the recombinant vector or a cell may be used to select and characterized the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments. The selectable biomarker in the vector comprising the sequences encoding the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments may be a fluorescent biomarker, an antibiotic cassette, a molecule that produces a morphological change (wherein the morphological change denotes presence of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments, the nucleic acid encoding or comprising the same, or cell or vector bearing the same) . In some embodiments, the selectable biomarker may be any selectable biomarker used in recombinant nucleic acid cloning technology or in the selection of recombinant molecules, comprising, an activation biomarker, an antibiotic resistance cassette, a fluorescent marker, a morphological change marker, a suicide gene, or a transgene. Genes encoding fluorescent biomarker proteins comprise: cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) gene; enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) gene; green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene; infrared fluorescent protein (iRFP) gene; mCherry / texasRed gene; mScarlet fluorescent protein gene; red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene; or yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) gene. Antibiotic selectable resistance marker gene may comprise ampicillin resistance gene; Blasticidin S resistance gene; erythromycin resistance gene; hygromycin B; kanamycin resistance gene; neomycin resistance gene; puromycin resistance gene gentamycin resistance gene; or streptomycin resistance gene.
[0235] In some embodiments, the methods comprise incubating a cell or cell-line comprising a nucleic acid encoding or comprising the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments in a cell culture medium under conditions sufficient to allow for expression and secretion of the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments, and further harvesting the antibodies or antigen-binding fragments from the cell culture medium. The harvesting can further comprise one or more purification steps to remove live cells, cellular debris, non-antibody / antigen-binding fragment proteins or polypeptides, undesired salts, buffers, and medium components. In certain embodiments, the additional purification step (s) include centrifugation, ultracentrifugation, protein A, protein G, protein A / G, or protein L purification, and / or ion exchange chromatography.
[0236] Standard cell lines and methods for the production of antibodies from a large scale cell culture are known in the art. See e.g., Li et al., “Cell culture processes for monoclonal antibody production. ” Mabs. 2010 Sep-Oct; 2 (5) : 466–477. In certain embodiments, the cell is a eukaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the eukaryotic cell is a mammalian cell. In certain embodiments, the mammalian cell is a cell line useful for producing antibodies is a CHO cell, an NS0 murine myeloma cell, or a PER. cell. In certain embodiments, the cells are engineered for generating afucosylated or lowly fucosylated antibodies or antigen-binding fragments, as described elsewhere in this disclosure. In certain embodiments, the cell comprises a prokaryotic cell. In certain embodiments, the prokaryotic cell is a bacteria cell. The bacteria cell may be an E. coli cell.
[0237] In certain embodiments, described herein, is a master cell bank comprising: (a) a mammalian cell line comprising a nucleic acid encoding an antibody or antigen-binding fragment described herein integrated at a genomic location; and (b) a cryoprotectant. In certain embodiments, the master cell bank comprises: (a) a CHO cell line comprising a nucleic acid encoding the antibodies or bispecific antibodies integrated at a genomic location; and (b) a cryoprotectant. In certain embodiments, the cryoprotectant comprises glycerol or DMSO or both. In certain embodiments, the master cell bank is contained in a suitable vial or container able to withstand freezing by liquid nitrogen. The master cell bank may be stored and kept viable at about -80 ℃; -75 ℃; -70 ℃; -65 ℃; -60 ℃; -55 ℃; -50 ℃; -45 ℃; -40 ℃; -35 ℃; -30 ℃; -25 ℃; -20 ℃; -15 ℃; -10 ℃; -5 ℃; 0 ℃; 1 ℃; 2 ℃; 3 ℃; 4 ℃; 5 ℃; or 10 ℃. The master cell bank may be stored at the temperature disclosed herein and kept viable for at least 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 10 years 50 years or more.
[0238] EXAMPLES
[0239] The following examples are illustrative of the embodiments described herein and are not to be interpreted as limiting the scope of this disclosure. To the extent that specific materials are mentioned, it is merely for purposes of illustration and is not intended to be limiting. One skilled in the art may develop equivalent means or reactants without the exercise of inventive capacity and without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
[0240] Example 1: Antigens and Camel Immunization
[0241] Camel immunization and library construction screening
[0242] Provided herein are methods for generating anti-EGFR or anti-c-MET antigen-binding fragments.
[0243] Human EGFR Protein with Fc Tag (ACRO; catalog number: EGR-H5252) mixed with Freund’s adjuvant was used to immunize camels. 600 μg protein was used in each immunization. Immunization was performed once every two weeks, with a total of 5 immunizations. 200 mL blood was collected from the immunized camels to collect peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) . The total RNA in PBMCs was extracted and reverse-transcribed into cDNA, and the antigen-binding fragment coding sequence was amplified using the cDNA as a template. The antigen-binding fragment coding sequence was cloned into the phage carrier by ligation based on enzymatic digestion and electroporated into ER2738 competent cells. After two rounds of liquid phase enrichment based on magnetic beads with biotinylated human EGFR protein (ACRO; EGR-H82E3) and two rounds of solid phase enrichment with human His-tagged EGFR protein (ACRO; EGR-H5222) , a total of 80 single-domain antibodies with increased antigen-binding activity were selected from the enriched library and tested. 73 single-domain antibodies were successfully expressed, identified, and combined with ELISA of human EGFR.
[0244] Human c-MET Protein with Fc Tag (ACRO; MET-H5256) mixed with Freund’s adjuvant was used to immunize camels. 600 μg protein was used in each immunization. Immunization was performed once every two weeks, with a total of 5 immunizations being performed. 200 mL blood was collected to collect PBMCs. The total RNA in PBMCs was extracted and reverse-transcribed into cDNA, and the antigen-binding fragment coding sequence was amplified using the cDNA as a template. The antigen-binding fragment coding sequence was cloned into the phage carrier by ligation based on enzymatic digestion and electroporated to ER2738 competent cells. After two rounds of liquid phase enrichment based on magnetic beads with biotinylated human c-MET protein (ACRO; MET-H82E1) and two rounds of solid phase enrichment with human His-tagged c-MET protein (ACRO; MET-H5227) , the enriched library was subject to screening, and a total of 80 single-domain antibodies with increased antigen-binding activity were selected from the enriched library and tested. The sequences of 66 single-domain antibodies were constructed onto a pCMV3 expression vector in the expression form of VHH-Fc. The expression vector was transiently transferred into Expi293 cells with polyethylenimine (PEI) and purified by proA affinity chromatography after culturing for 5 days. The purified single-domain antibodies were quantified by UV, and then the ELISA binding of the single-domain antibodies to human c-MET was detected.
[0245] Example 2: The binding abilities of anti-EGFR antigen-binding fragments to human, mouse, and monkey EGFRs; and the blocking abilities of the antigen-binding fragments by ELISA assay
[0246] After the expression of the screened antigen-binding fragments of EGFR described in Example 1, the following experimental analyses were carried out to further verify the binding and blocking activities of the expressed antigen-binding fragments:
[0247] (1) Human EGFR binding ELISA
[0248] A plate was coated with EGFR-biotin (ACRO; EGR-H82E3) overnight at 4 ℃ at a concentration of 0.5 μg / mL, 100 μL per well. The supernatant was then removed. 200 μL of 1 %BSA was added for blocking at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the plate was washed with a plate washer twice. 100 μL of serially diluted antigen-binding fragments was added to each well.
[0249] The plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour and washed with the plate washer twice. 100 μL anti-human IgG-Fc-HRP (abcam; ab97225) at a concentration of 0.1 μg / mL was added to each well, and the plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour and washed with the plate washer twice. 50 μL TMB was added to each well for color development. After 8 minutes, 50 μL of 1M H2SO4 was added to each well to terminate the color development, and the plate was read by a microplate reader at 450 nm.
[0250] (2) Monkey EGFR binding ELISA
[0251] A plate was coated with Rh-EGFR (ACRO; EGR-C52H1, Rh: Rhesus Macacus) overnight at 4 ℃ at a concentration of 0.5 μg / mL, 100 μL per well. The supernatant was removed. 200 μL of 1 %BSA was added for blocking at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the plate was washed with a plate washer twice. 100 μL of serially diluted antigen-binding fragments was added to each well. The plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour and washed with the plate washer twice. 100 μL anti-human IgG-Fc-HRP (abcam; ab97225) at a concentration of 0.1 μg / mL was added to each well. The plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour and washed with the plate washer twice. 50 μL TMB was added to each well for color development. After 8 minutes, 50 μL of 1M H2SO4 was added to each well to terminate the color development, and the plate was read by a microplate reader at 450 nm.
[0252] (3) Mouse EGFR binding ELISA
[0253] A plate was coated with mouse-EGFR (Acro, EGR-M5224) overnight at 4 ℃ at a concentration of 0.5 μg / mL, 100 μL per well. The supernatant was then removed. 200 μL of 1 %BSA was added for blocking at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the plate was washed with a plate washer twice. 100 μL of serially diluted antigen-binding fragments was added to each well. The plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour and washed with the plate washer twice. 100 μL anti-human IgG-Fc-HRP (abcam; ab97225) at a concentration of 0.1 μg / mL was added to each well. The plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour and washed with the plate washer twice. 50 μL TMB was added to each well for color development. After 8 minutes, 50 μL of 1M H2SO4 was added to each well to terminate the color development, and the plate was read by a microplate reader at 450 nm.
[0254] (4) EGFR blocking ELISA
[0255] A plate was coated with anti-human IgG-Fc overnight at 4 ℃ at a concentration of 1 μg / mL, 100 μL per well. The supernatant was then removed. 200 μL of 1 %BSA was added for blocking at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the plate was washed with a plate washer twice. 100 μL EGFR-Fc (ACRO; EGR-H5252) at a concentration of 2 μg / mL was added to each well, and the plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour and washed with the plate washer twice. 100 μL of serially diluted antigen-binding fragments was added to each well. The plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour and washed with the plate washer twice. 100 μL EGF-his (ACRO; EGF-H52H3) at a concentration of 1 μg / mL was added to each well. The plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour and washed with the plate washer for twice. 100 μL anti-human IgG-Fc-HRP (abcam; ab97225) at a concentration of 0.1 μg / mL of was added to each well. The plate was incubated at room temperature for 1 hour and washed with the plate washer for twice. 50 μL TMB was added to each well for color development. After 8 minutes, 50 μL of 1M H2SO4 was added to each well to terminate the color development, and the plate was read by a microplate reader at 450 nm.
[0256] FIGs. 1A-1B and Tables 1 and 3 depict the binding and blocking activities of the analyzed antigen-binding fragments. The results show that the screened EGFR antigen-binding fragments have binding and blocking activities similar to those of the control antibodies (Duligotuzumab and Zalutumumab) . Furthermore, BD3962 (E3962 or SEQ ID NO: 4) demonstrated better biological activities relative to the control.
[0257] Table 1: Summary of EGFR binding / block ELISA of the anti-EGFR antigen-binding fragments
[0258] N / A: not available
[0259] Example 3: The binding abilities of anti-c-MET antigen-binding fragments to human, mouse, and monkey c-METs; and the blocking abilities of the antigen-binding fragments by ELISA assay
[0260] After the expression of the screened antigen-binding fragments of c-MET described in Example 1, the following experimental analyses were carried out to further verify the binding and blocking activities of the expressed antigen-binding fragments:
[0261] (1) Human c-MET binding ELISA
[0262] A plate was coated with human c-MET-biotin (ACRO; M...
Claims
1.An antibody that binds to c-MET, wherein the antibody comprises a c-MET binding region comprising:(a) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 1 (HCDR1) comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22;(b) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 2 (HCDR2) comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; and / or(c) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 or 30.2.The antibody of claim 1, wherein the c-MET is a human c-MET.3.The antibody of claim 1 or 2, wherein the c-MET binding region comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to that set forth in any one SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29.4.The antibody of claim 3, wherein the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region is humanized.5.The antibody of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the antibody is a heavy chain antibody, a variable region of a heavy chain antibody, or an antigen binding fragment thereof.6.The antibody of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the antibody further comprises a heavy chain constant region comprising an immunoglobulin CH1 domain, an immunoglobulin CH2 domain and / or an immunoglobulin CH3 domain.7.The antibody of claim 6, wherein the immunoglobulin CH1 domain, the immunoglobulin CH2 domain and / or the immunoglobulin CH3 domain derive from human IgG1 constant region or a human IgG4 constant region.8.The antibody of claim 7, wherein the heavy chain constant region comprises an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37 or 38.9.A bispecific antibody, multispecific antibody or fusion protein comprising the antibody of any one of claims 1 to 8.10.A bispecific antibody that binds to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-MET, comprising a first binding region that binds to EGFR comprising:(a) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 1 (HCDR1) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1;(b) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 2 (HCDR2) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; and / or(c) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3;and a second binding region that binds to c-MET comprising:(d) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 1 (HCDR1) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 22;(e) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 2 (HCDR2) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 23; and / or(f) an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region complementarity determining region 3 (HCDR3) comprising the ammino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 24 or 30.11.The bispecific antibody of claim 10, wherein the first and / or the second binding regions are humanized immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions.12.The bispecific antibody of claim 10 or 11, wherein the EGFR is a human EGFR.13.The bispecific antibody of claim 12, wherein the bispecific antibody comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to that set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 4 to 20.14.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the c-MET is a human c-MET.15.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the bispecific antibody comprises an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region comprising an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to that set forth in any one of SEQ ID NOs: 21, and 25 to 29.16.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 10 to 15, wherein the bispecific antibody comprises the amino acid sequences of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable regions set forth in:1) SEQ ID NO: 4 and SEQ ID NO: 21,2) SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 25, or3) SEQ ID NO: 20 and SEQ ID NO: 29;or amino acid sequences at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to any sequence in any one of 1) to 3) .17.The bispecific antibody of claims 10 to 16, wherein the bispecific antibody further comprises a first heavy chain constant region and / or a second heavy chain constant region, wherein the first heavy chain constant region and / or a second heavy chain constant region comprise an immunoglobulin CH1 domain, an immunoglobulin CH2 domain and / or an immunoglobulin CH3 domain.18.The bispecific antibody of claim 17, wherein the first and / or second heavy chain constant region does not comprise an immunoglobulin CH1 domain.19.The bispecific antibody of claim 17 or 18, wherein the immunoglobulin CH2 domain, the immunoglobulin CH3 domain, or both the immunoglobulin CH2 domain and the immunoglobulin CH3 domain are from human IgG1 or human IgG4.20.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein the immunoglobulin CH2 or immunoglobulin CH3 domain comprises one or more alterations compared to a wild-type human IgG1 that reduces homodimerization of the first heavy chain constant region and / or reduces homodimerization of the second heavy chain constant region.21.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the first and second heavy chain constant regions are identical and form a homodimeric Fc domain.22.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein the first and second heavy chain constant regions are different from each other and form a heterodimeric Fc domain comprising knob-into-hole modifications.23.The bispecific antibody of claim 17, wherein:the first and / or second heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 37 or 38;the first heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39 and the second heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40; orthe first heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 40 and the second heavy chain constant region comprises the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 39.24.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 17 to 23, wherein the first binding region is coupled to the first heavy chain constant region by a polypeptide linker, and / or the second binding region is coupled to the second heavy chain constant region by a peptide bond or a polypeptide linker.25.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 17 to 24, wherein the first binding region is coupled to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the first heavy chain constant region; and / or the second binding region is coupled to the N-terminus or C-terminus of the second heavy chain constant region.26.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 17 to 25, wherein the bispecific antibody further comprises a third binding region that binds to EGFR and a fourth binding region that binds to c-MET.27.The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein the second binding region is coupled to the N-terminus of the first binding region, and the fourth binding region is coupled to the N-terminus of the third binding region; and wherein the first and the third binding regions are coupled to the N-termini of the first and second heavy chain constant regions, respectively.28.The bispecific antibody of claim 26, wherein the first and third binding regions are coupled to the C-termini of the first and second heavy chain constant regions, respectively, and wherein the N-termini of the second and fourth heavy chain constant regions are coupled to the C-termini of the second and fourth binding regions, respectively.29.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein the first and third binding regions are identical, and the second and fourth binding regions are identical.30.The bispecific antibody of any on of claims 17 to 29, comprising a first chain and a second chain, wherein:the first chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH1-CH2-CH3; andthe second chain, from N-terminus to C-terminus, comprises: VH2-CH2-CH3;wherein the VH1 is the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region that binds to EGFR and the VH2 is the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region that binds to c-MET, the CH2 and the CH3 in the first chain and the CH2 and the CH3 in the second chain form a heterodimeric Fc domain comprising knob-into-hole modifications, and the "-" represents a peptide bond or a polypeptide linker, preferably, the polypeptide linker comprises G (1 to 30) S (1 to 30) .31.The bispecific antibody of any one of claims 17 to 30, wherein the bispecific antibody comprises an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to that set forth in any one amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 31 to 33, and / or an amino acid sequence at least about 85%, 90%, 95%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%identical to that set forth in any one amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 34 to 36.32.A nucleic acid encoding the antibody or bispecific antibody according to any one of the preceding claims.33.A host cell comprising the nucleic acid of claim 32.34.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody or the bispecific antibody according to any one of the preceding claims and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent.35.A method for treating cancer comprising administering an effective amount of the antibody or bispecific antibody according to any one of the preceding claims to an individual in need thereof.
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