Method for soil fertilization through synergistic return of chinese milk vetch and rice straw in paddy field

Abstract

A method for soil fertilization through synergistic return of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw in a paddy field, comprising the following steps: after rice is harvested, crushing rice straw and evenly spreading the straw in a field for rice straw composting; once the rice straw has been composted for 3-5 days, sowing Chinese milk vetch seeds, turning over and pressing the Chinese milk vetch during the peak flowering stage, and with an interval of no less than 30 days from the time of rice transplanting, performing rice transplanting in mid-to-late May; repeating the steps of rice straw composting, sowing Chinese milk vetch seeds, and turning over and pressing the Chinese milk vetch during the peak flowering stage, so as to fertilize the soil. The amount of Chinese milk vetch seeds sowed is 1.5-2 kg / mu. As a green manure, returning Chinese milk vetch to the fields in rotation with crushed rice straw can achieve carbon-nitrogen interaction, regulate the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil, and facilitate the recycling of nutrients.

Description

Method for fertilizing the soil by coordinating the return of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw to paddy fields Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil fertilization and farming, and in particular to a method for fertilizing the soil by coordinating the return of astragalus and rice straw to paddy fields. Background Art

[0002] Soil enrichment refers to making the soil fertile, maintaining, and improving its fertility. In recent years, with the increasing demand for food, farmers have been applying large amounts of chemical fertilizers in pursuit of high yields and high efficiency. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers can damage soil structure, causing severe soil compaction and acidification, accelerating the decline in soil fertility, reducing land productivity, and decreasing fertilizer utilization. This ultimately leads to a vicious cycle, where even increased fertilizer application can only lead to limited or even reduced yields.

[0003] How to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and improve soil fertility without delaying agricultural planting is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in the field of soil fertilization and farming technology.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on the above, the present invention provides a method for fertilizing the soil in paddy fields by synergistically returning milk vetch and rice straw to the fields. The method of the present invention can effectively improve the physical structure of the soil, the availability of soil nutrients, and the content of soil organic matter by jointly returning milk vetch and rice straw to the fields.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for fertilizing the soil of rice fields by synergistically returning milk vetch and rice straw to the fields, comprising the following steps:

[0008] After rice is harvested, the rice straw is crushed and evenly spread on the field for straw composting;

[0009] sowing milk vetch seeds when the rice straw has been decomposed for 3-5 days, and turning over the milk vetch when it is in full bloom (the time interval between turning over and transplanting rice is not less than 30 days);

[0010] Rice transplanting is carried out in mid-to-late May;

[0011] Repeat the steps of composting rice straw, sowing milk vetch seeds, and turning over the soil when the milk vetch is in full bloom to fertilize the soil.

[0012] The sowing amount of the Chinese milk vetch seeds is 1.5-2 kg / mu.

[0013] Furthermore, the rice straw is crushed to a length of 3-5 cm, and the stubble height is less than 10 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, the uniformity of the uniform spreading in the field is not less than 80%.

[0015] Furthermore, the rice straw composting is specifically as follows: the rice straw is composted in the field for 3-5 days, and when the moisture content of the rice straw is lower than 60%, the rice straw is irrigated with running water once.

[0016] Furthermore, the time for turning over is mid to early April.

[0017] Furthermore, the depth of the turning and pressing is 15-20 cm.

[0018] Furthermore, the method of sowing the milk vetch seeds also includes the steps of drying the seeds, rubbing the seeds, selecting the seeds and mixing the seeds with rhizobia; after sowing the milk vetch seeds, horizontal furrows, vertical furrows and surrounding furrows are opened in the field, with a furrow depth of 0.2m, a furrow distance of 10m, and the furrows are connected.

[0019] Furthermore, the rhizobium is Huakui Mesorhizobium; and the milk vetch planting period also includes the prevention and control of diseases and pests.

[0020] Furthermore, the rice is harvested in mid-September.

[0021] Furthermore, the method further comprises the step of applying topdressing after the rice is harvested; the topdressing specifically comprises applying 15-20 kg of superphosphate and 3.5-5 kg ​​of potassium chloride.

[0022] The topdressing is mainly aimed at fields with poor soil fertility.

[0023] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0024] Rice straw contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements and other ingredients; returning rice straw to the field can increase soil organic matter accumulation and nutrient content, change the composition and characteristics of soil humus; improve soil physical properties, reduce soil bulk density, and increase porosity; enhance microbial activity, improve nitrogen cycle and crop absorption of nitrogen.

[0025] Astragalus sinicus L., also known as red flower grass and grass seed, is a biennial herbaceous plant in the genus Astragalus in the Leguminosae family. It has a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Using milk vetch as a green manure in conjunction with crushed rice straw for agricultural use can achieve carbon-nitrogen synergy, regulating the soil's carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and facilitating nutrient recycling. This method plays a crucial role in improving soil fertility and enhancing arable land productivity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] It should be understood that the terms described herein are intended only to describe particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for numerical ranges herein, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded within the scope.

[0028] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

[0029] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the invention. The description and examples are intended to be exemplary only.

[0030] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0031] The present invention provides a method for fertilizing the soil of rice fields by synergistically returning milk vetch and rice straw to the fields, comprising the following steps:

[0032] After rice is harvested, the rice straw is crushed and evenly spread on the field for straw composting;

[0033] sowing milk vetch seeds when the rice straw has been decomposed for 3-5 days, and turning over the milk vetch when it is in full bloom;

[0034] Rice transplanting is carried out in mid-to-late May;

[0035] Repeat the steps of composting rice straw, sowing milk vetch seeds, and turning over the soil when the milk vetch is in full bloom to fertilize the soil.

[0036] The sowing amount of the Chinese milk vetch seeds is 1.5-2 kg / mu.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the milk vetch seeds are sown, there is a 1-2 cm thin water layer in the field.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rice straw is crushed to a length of 3-5 cm, and the stubble height is less than 10 cm.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the uniformity of the uniform spreading in the field is not less than 80%.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rice straw composting is specifically as follows: the rice straw is composted in the field for 3-5 days, and when the moisture content of the rice straw is lower than 60%, the rice straw is irrigated with running water once.

[0041] The running water irrigation method is specifically a method of irrigation in which the fields are quickly flooded with water once and the excess water is immediately discharged.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the time for turning over is early to mid-April.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the depth of the plowing is 15-20 cm. In low-lying, well-moistened muddy fields, the fields are sun-dried for 2-3 days after plowing, and then watered and harrowed. In flat, water-deficient, and hard soil fields, watering is performed before plowing.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process of sowing the milk vetch seeds also includes the steps of drying the seeds, rubbing the seeds, selecting the seeds, and mixing the seeds with rhizobia; after sowing the milk vetch seeds, horizontal furrows, vertical furrows, and surrounding furrows are opened in the field, with a furrow depth of 0.2 m, a furrow distance of 10 m, and the furrows connected to each other.

[0045] The seeds are dried in the sun for 1-2 days on a sunny day. When drying the seeds, the seeds should be spread evenly, turned over frequently, and dried thoroughly.

[0046] The seed rubbing method specifically comprises adding 1.5-2 kg of fine sand to every 10 kg of seeds, beating the seeds with a rice mill 1-2 times, and slightly heating the seeds to break the waxy layer on the seed coat, which is beneficial for germination after sowing.

[0047] The specific method of seed selection is to use salt water or yellow mud water with a specific gravity of 1.05-1.09 to remove impurities and inferior seeds and improve seed quality.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rhizobium is Mesorhizobium huakui.

[0049] The method of mixing seeds with rhizobia is as follows: pour the bacterial agent into the pot, add water to make it into a paste, and then mix the seeds; 1 kg of bacterial agent can be inoculated with 10 kg of milk vetch seeds; after inoculating the rhizobia, spread out the seeds in a cool place to avoid direct sunlight.

[0050] The present invention also attempts to use other rhizobia commonly used in the art, such as the mesorhizobium strain. As a result, the fresh grass yield per plant of the milk vetch is not as good as that of the milk vetch inoculated with Huagui mesorhizobium. Therefore, the present invention preferably limits the rhizobia to Huagui mesorhizobium.

[0051] The present invention found that the fresh grass yield per plant of the Chinese milk vetch treated with rhizobium in the field was 19.2%-29.4% higher than that of the treatment without rhizobium inoculation.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the Chinese milk vetch planting period also includes the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

[0053] Milk vetch diseases primarily include sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew. In the early stages of sclerotinia rot, spray the leaves with 50-100g of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 50% carbendazim wettable powder diluted with 15-20L of water per mu. When the disease is severe, spray the leaves with 100-150g of 40% sclerotinia net wettable powder diluted with 15-20L of water per mu. To control powdery mildew, spray the leaves with 5-10g of 20% triadimefon (triadimefon) emulsifiable concentrate diluted with 15-20L of water per mu.

[0054] The main pests of milk vetch include aphids, thrips, and leaf miners. These can be controlled with pesticides such as acetamiprid, beta-cypermethrin, and deltamethrin. Spray foliage with 20-30 mL of 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate diluted with 15-20 L of water, 30-50 mL of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate diluted with 15-20 L of water, 3000-fold dilution of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion, or 2000-fold dilution of 5% acetamiprid (specifically for killing thrips) emulsifiable concentrate, alternating between these.

[0055] The main weed pests of Chinese milk vetch include foxtail millet, etc. Spray each mu with 20-30mL of 10.8% high-efficiency fluazifop-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate and 15-20L of water, or 40-60mL of 5% quizalofop-ethyl emulsifiable concentrate and 15-20L of water, or 15-20mL of 12% clethodim emulsifiable concentrate and 15-20L of water.

[0056] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the greening period of the Chinese milk vetch, 3-4 kg of urea is applied per mu.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the rice is harvested in mid-September.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the rice is harvested, the step of applying topdressing is further included for fields with poor soil fertility; the topdressing specifically includes applying 15-20 kg of superphosphate and 3.5-5 kg ​​of potassium chloride.

[0059] Unless otherwise specified, the "%" mentioned in the present invention is based on mass percentage.

[0060] Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the embodiments of the present invention can be obtained through commercial channels.

[0061] The experimental plot in the embodiment of the present invention is a rice field in Xinyang, Henan.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] A method for fertilizing the soil in a rice field by synergistically returning milk vetch and rice straw to the field, comprising the following steps:

[0064] Step 1: After rice is harvested, the rice straw is crushed to a length of 3-5 cm, with a stubble height of less than 10 cm, and evenly spread in the field (with a uniformity of not less than 80%) for straw composting for 4 days (when the moisture content of the rice straw is less than 60%, water is applied once).

[0065] Step 2: First, the milk vetch seeds are dried, rubbed, selected, and inoculated with rhizobia in sequence. After that, they are sown after the rice straw has been composted for 4 days, with a sowing rate of 1.5-2 kg / mu. When the milk vetch turns green, 3.5 kg of urea is applied per mu. When the milk vetch is in full bloom (mid-to-early April), the seeds are turned over and pressed to a depth of 15-20 cm.

[0066] Step 3: Transplant the rice 45 days after turning over the rice during the flowering period of the astragalus.

[0067] Step 4: Repeat the steps of composting rice straw, sowing milk vetch seeds, and turning over the soil during the flowering period of the milk vetch; after using the milk vetch and rice straw to fertilize the soil for 2 years, test the physical and chemical properties of the soil.

[0068] In this embodiment, the rice planting management method is carried out according to the conventional management method at that time.

[0069] Effect Verification Example 1

[0070] Soil pores are where water and air move and store. They are a key factor influencing soil permeability, determining surface runoff and its timing, as well as crop root respiration and nutrient and water absorption. Cultivating and utilizing milk vetch can increase soil porosity, reduce soil bulk density, and improve soil physical properties. Seven test plots were divided into a paddy field in Xinyang, Henan Province. The rice planting management mode of the seven plots was the same, wherein the first plot was not fertilized; the second plot was fully fertilized with chemical fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15), and the fertilizer application rate was 35kg / mu, i.e., 100% fertilizer group; the third to seventh plots were turned over the milk vetch according to the method of Example 1, and were respectively the milk vetch group without chemical fertilizer, the 25% fertilizer+milk vetch group that applied 25% fertilizer compared with the second plot, the 50% fertilizer+milk vetch group that applied 50% fertilizer, the 75% fertilizer+milk vetch group that applied 75% fertilizer, and the 100% fertilizer+milk vetch group that applied 100% fertilizer. After 2 years, the soil physical properties (bulk density, total porosity, non-capillary porosity, and moisture content) of each test plot were counted, and the results are shown in Table 1. The soil nutrient content (total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium) of each test plot was statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0071] Table 1 Effects of astragalus on physical properties of topsoil during rice maturity

[0072] Note: In the table, different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05), and the same letters indicate no significant differences (P>0.05); the same below.

[0073] Table 2 Effects of long-term fertilization and returning astragalus to the field on soil nutrient content

[0074] Returning milk vetch to the fields improves soil organic matter composition. Compared with no fertilization, applying chemical fertilizer alone (100% chemical fertilizer group) had little effect on soil water-soluble organic carbon. Turning milk vetch for two consecutive years (milk vetch group) increased soil water-soluble carbon and microbial biomass by 20.6% and 10.5%, respectively.

[0075] Effect Verification Example 2

[0076] Four experimental plots were divided in a rice field in Xinyang, Henan Province. The rice planting and management methods of the four plots were the same. The first plot was applied with organic fertilizer (rotted pig manure) at an application rate of 1.5 t / mu. The second to fourth plots were covered with astragalus according to the method of Example 1 on the basis of applying 1.5 t / mu of organic fertilizer. The covering rates of astragalus in the second to fourth plots were 30, 45, and 60 t / hm, respectively. 2 After 2 years, the distribution and stability of soil aggregates were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 3.

[0077] Table 3 Distribution and stability of soil aggregates under different amounts of astragalus plowing

[0078] Note: CK - organic fertilizer 1.5t / hm 2 , B1, B2, B3 - in organic fertilizer 1.5t / hm 2 On the basis of the 30, 45, and 60 t / hm2 of milk vetch were pressed respectively 2 .

[0079] The embodiments described above are merely descriptions of preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by persons skilled in the art should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for fertilizing the soil by returning astragalus to paddy fields and rice straw in a coordinated manner, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After rice is harvested, the rice straw is crushed and evenly spread in the field for rice straw composting; sowing the Chinese milk vetch seeds when the rice straw has been decomposed for 3-5 days, and turning over the seeds when the Chinese milk vetch is in full bloom; Rice transplanting is carried out in mid-to-late May; Repeat the steps of composting rice straw, sowing milk vetch seeds, and turning over the soil during the flowering period of milk vetch to fertilize the soil. The sowing amount of the Chinese astragalus seeds is 1.5-2kg / mu.

2. The method for improving soil fertility by synergistically returning rice straw to paddy fields using astragalus sinensis and rice straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rice straw is crushed to a length of 3-5 cm, and the stubble height is less than 10 cm.

3. The method for improving soil fertility by synergistically returning astragalus to paddy fields and rice straw to paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The uniformity of the uniform spreading in the field is not less than 80%.

4. The method for improving soil fertility by synergistically returning astragalus to paddy fields and rice straw to paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rice straw composting is specifically as follows: the rice straw is composted in the field for 3-5 days, and when the moisture content of the rice straw is lower than 60%, the rice straw is irrigated with running water once.

5. The method for improving soil fertility by synergistically returning astragalus to paddy fields and rice straw to paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time for turning over is mid to early April.

6. The method for improving soil fertility by synergistically returning astragalus to paddy fields and rice straw to paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the turning and pressing is 15-20cm.

7. The method for improving soil fertility by synergistically returning astragalus to paddy fields and rice straw to paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method also includes the steps of drying seeds, rubbing seeds, selecting seeds and mixing seeds with rhizobia before sowing the milk vetch seeds; after sowing the milk vetch seeds, horizontal furrows, vertical furrows and surrounding furrows are opened in the field, with a furrow depth of 0.2m, a furrow distance of 10m, and the furrows are connected.

8. The method for improving soil fertility by synergistically returning astragalus to paddy fields and rice straw to paddy fields according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rhizobium is Huakui Mesorhizobium; the astragalus cultivation period also includes the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

9. The method for improving soil fertility by synergistically returning astragalus to paddy fields and rice straw to paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rice is harvested in mid-September.

10. The method for improving soil fertility by synergistically returning astragalus to paddy fields and rice straw to paddy fields according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of applying fertilizer after rice harvesting is also included; The topdressing specifically includes 15-20 kg / mu of superphosphate and 3.5-5 kg / mu of potassium chloride.

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