Microbial mixed inoculant for promoting peanut growth and application of microbial mixed inoculant

Abstract

The invention discloses a microbial mixed inoculant for promoting peanut growth and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilization, and the microbial mixed inoculant is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of halotolerant bacillus, 20-30 parts of bacillus mucilaginosus, 30-40 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 3-10 parts of trichoderma, 5 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 5 parts of pseudomonas. The microbial mixed inoculant is prepared from salt-tolerant bacillus, bacillus mucilaginosus, photosynthetic bacteria, trichoderma, lactic acid bacteria and pseudomonas, has strong function complementarity, and can meet four major requirements of covering saline-alkali soil for salt reduction, nutrient activation, disease resistance and continuous cropping repair; the preparation method of the mixed microbial inoculum comprises the following steps: carrying out graded fermentation through primary fermentation and secondary fermentation, carrying out carrier adsorption, carrying out low-temperature drying and carrying out an embedding technology. The technology realizes high survival rate and functional stability of the microbial inoculum in a saline-alkali environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilization, and in particular to a mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Peanut is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Arachis in the Fabaceae family. It has nodules at the root. Its stem is erect or creeping and ridged. Its stipules are hairy. Its leaflets are ovate-oblong or obovate, with blunt tips, nearly round bases, and entire margins. Its corolla is yellow or golden yellow. Its style extends out of the calyx tube. Its pods are long, swollen, and have thick peels. Its flowering period is from June to July, and its fruiting period is from September to October. After the peanut blooms and is fertilized, its ovary falls to the dark ground to grow and bear fruit in secret, hence the name peanut.

[0003] Methods to improve peanut growth include nitrogen fixation-growth promoting compound bacterial agents, disease resistance-soil remediation compound bacterial agents and multifunctional synergistic bacterial agents. However, the functions of these compound bacterial agents are relatively single, and the effects they bring are relatively single. In order to improve the functional diversity of compound bacterial agents while ensuring the growth of peanuts, it is one of the current research directions of scientific workers. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides a mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth and its application.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth is prepared according to the following components by weight: 40-50 parts of halotolerant Bacillus, 20-30 parts of jelly-like Bacillus, 30-40 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 3-10 parts of Trichoderma, 5 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 5 parts of Pseudomonas, halotolerant Bacillus is used to secrete ACC deaminase, degrade ethylene precursors to relieve salt stress, produce antimicrobial peptides to inhibit soil-borne pathogens, and has salt-alkali adaptability at pH 8.5; jelly-like Bacillus is used to decompose silicic acid Salt releases potassium, activates soil fixed phosphorus, and has a salt-alkali adaptability of EC6dS / m; photosynthetic bacteria are used to fix carbon and produce organic acids, neutralize soil alkalinity, secrete coenzyme Q to enhance root activity, and have the advantage of salt-alkali tolerance; Trichoderma is used to decompose autotoxic substances (such as phenylacrylic acid) in continuous cropping soils and parasitize pathogens such as Fusarium, and has a salt-alkali adaptability of pH7.5-9; lactic acid bacteria are used to secrete lactic acid to reduce rhizosphere pH, promote calcium and magnesium ion activation, and inhibit bacterial wilt bacteria, with a salt tolerance concentration of 8%. Among them, photosynthetic bacteria fix carbon → jelly-like Bacillus dissolves potassium → lactic acid bacteria activates calcium and magnesium → forms a calcium and magnesium-humic acid complex to reduce salt and form a nutrient activation chain, while Bacillus secretes antimicrobial peptides + Trichoderma parasitic hyphae, which double inhibit Fusarium and Pythium, and the 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) produced by photosynthetic bacteria can enhance the expression of salt-tolerant genes in other strains. In summary, the mixed bacterial agent prepared by this proportion formula has strong complementary functions and can meet the four major needs of salt reduction, nutrient activation, disease resistance and continuous cropping restoration in saline-alkali land.

[0007] Preferably, the method comprises the following preparation steps:

[0008] Step 1: primary fermentation, halophilic Bacillus, jelly-like Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and Trichoderma are fermented at 28-30°C and pH=7.0 for 48 hours, and glucose and fish meal peptone are added to the nutrient solution as carbon and nitrogen sources to quickly increase the cell density and form stress-resistant spores of Bacillus;

[0009] Step 2: Secondary fermentation: Lactobacillus ferments for 24 hours at 30-40℃ and pH=5.5. The substrates are whey and maltose, which promotes the acid production of lactic acid bacteria and improves the pH buffering capacity of the inoculant against saline and alkali. Fermentation is carried out in stages to avoid competition among strains and optimize the accumulation of metabolites of different strains.

[0010] Step 3: carrier adsorption, mixing and stirring a carrier composed of diatomaceous earth, humic acid and water-soluble chitin with the fermentation liquid obtained in step 2 to obtain a mixture;

[0011] Step 4: Low temperature drying: The mixture in step 3 is dried at low temperature by low temperature spray drying technology. Low temperature drying reduces the loss of live bacteria, and the spore survival rate is > 85%;

[0012] Step 5: Forming and embedding the composite bacterial agent. Granulate the mixture after low-temperature drying in step 4 to form granules. The diameter of the granules is 1-2 mm. At the same time, the granules are double-embedded with sodium alginate-chitosan.

[0013] Preferably, the specific workflow of step three is:

[0014] S31, preparing a carrier, mixing diatomaceous earth, humic acid and water-soluble chitin to prepare an adsorption carrier, wherein the porous structure of diatomaceous earth adsorbs live bacteria, and the humic acid protects the bacteria from salt and alkali ion poisoning;

[0015] S32, mixing and stirring, mixing the adsorption carrier obtained in S31 and the fermentation liquid obtained in step 2 in a weight ratio of 5:1, stirring in a stirring device at a speed of 300 rpm / min for 30 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0016] S33. Let stand for 10-20 hours.

[0017] An application of the above-mentioned mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth comprises the following application steps:

[0018] Step A: Soil pretreatment before sowing: firstly, deep plowing and soil improvement are performed, then the granules of the mixed bacterial agent are mixed with chemical fertilizers and applied simultaneously with calcium agent;

[0019] Step B: Activate the roots by irrigation at the seedling stage. 15 days after sowing, apply the diluted bacterial agent to the roots through a drip irrigation system at a standard of 200L / mu;

[0020] Step C: Enhance the effect of leaf surface during flowering period. During the initial to full flowering period, the diluted bacterial agent solution is mixed with boron-molybdenum fertilizer and sprayed on the leaves. The weight ratio of the diluted bacterial agent solution to the boron-molybdenum fertilizer is 100:3. The photosynthetic bacteria secrete 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to enhance the vitality of pollen. Boron-molybdenum promotes the differentiation of flower pods, increasing the number of flowers per plant by 40% and reducing the sterility rate from 25% to 12%.

[0021] Step D: drip irrigation to control salt in the pod stage. During the pod-setting to pod-swelling stage, the diluted bacterial agent and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer are applied by drip irrigation, which can activate the potassium-dissolving enzyme activity of the bacterial flora in a high-potassium environment and promote pod swelling. Water control inhibits the capillary rise of salt, increases the weight of 100 fruits by 22%, and reduces the empty shell rate to 8%;

[0022] Step E: After harvesting, the peanut straw is crushed, and then the composite bacterial agent is sprayed at a standard of 5 kg / mu. Finally, the crushed peanut straw and the sprayed composite bacterial agent are pressed into the soil 20 cm. The Trichoderma fungus secretes laccase to degrade self-toxic substances such as phenylacrylic acid. The straw provides a degradation substrate, and the degradation rate of benzoic acid substances is ≥85% within 60 days.

[0023] Step F: Cover in winter to inhibit salt, plant salt-tolerant green manure and cover with bacterial agent, turn it over as green manure the following year, and the roots of the green manure secrete organic acid to activate , the bacterial agent fixes nitrogen and dissolves phosphorus, improving the soil's buffering capacity. After three years of continuous cropping, the soil organic matter content increased from 0.8% to 1.5%, and fungal diseases decreased by 70%.

[0024] Preferably, the specific working steps of step A are as follows:

[0025] SA1: Spread 1.8-3.5 tons of decomposed cow dung, 300kg of crushed straw and 8-12kg of compound bacterial agent per mu, where the number of live bacteria in the compound bacterial agent is required to be ≥5× CFU / g, the salt-tolerant Bacillus in the composite microbial agent quickly colonized the rhizosphere and secreted ACC deaminase to degrade ethylene precursors induced by salt stress; the decomposed cow dung provided carbon sources and slow-release nutrients, buffering the inhibition of salt-alkali ions on the bacterial flora; the straw improved soil permeability and promoted photosynthetic bacteria to fix carbon and produce acid;

[0026] SA2: Synchronize with SA1, sow calcium agent in the soil at the requirement of 5kg / mu, and the calcium agent is slowly released when the soil moisture is >60%. , substitution exchange , reducing ESP (sodium adsorption ratio), after application, ESP in the 0-20 cm soil layer dropped from 18% to 9%;

[0027] SA3. First, deep plow the soil 30-40cm deep, then after rotary tillage, cover the soil with film to retain moisture for 7 days, which will reduce the soil bulk density by 0.2g / cm³, increase the porosity by 15%, and increase the bacterial colonization rate by 40%.

[0028] Preferably, in step B, the parameters of the bacterial agent dilution are: CFU / mL, that is, the weight ratio of bacterial agent to water is 1:50.

[0029] Preferably, in step D, the weight proportion of Bacillus gelatinus in the bacterial agent dilution is 30%, high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is drip-irrigated at a standard of 10 kg / mu, and the soil moisture content is controlled at 55-60%, and the EC value of the soil is less than 4dS / m.

[0030] Preferably, in step E, the weight proportion of Trichoderma in the composite bacterial agent is 10%.

[0031] Preferably, in step F, the coverage requirement of the composite bacterial agent is 3-4 kg / mu.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the microbial mixed agent for promoting peanut growth and its application:

[0033] 1. The mixed microbial agent is made of halotolerant Bacillus, jelly-like Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, Trichoderma, lactic acid bacteria and Pseudomonas, with strong functional complementarity, which can meet the four major needs of salt reduction, nutrient activation, disease resistance and continuous cropping restoration in saline-alkali land;

[0034] 2. The preparation steps of the mixed bacterial agent include graded fermentation through primary fermentation and secondary fermentation, carrier adsorption, low-temperature drying and embedding technology. This process achieves high survival rate and functional stability of the bacterial agent in saline-alkali environment;

[0035] 3. The application steps of mixed microbial agents achieve green and high yield of peanuts in saline-alkali land throughout the whole cycle through the coordinated regulation of microbial agents, fertilizers, water and salt. The functions of microbial agents are dynamically matched to the physiological needs of crops, and physical and biological means are integrated to form a three-dimensional improvement system. The proportion of microbial populations can also be flexibly adjusted according to actual application needs and combined with soil test data to achieve the best economic and ecological benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention will now be described in further detail.

[0037] A mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of halotolerant Bacillus, 20-30 parts of jelly-like Bacillus, 30-40 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 3-10 parts of Trichoderma, 5 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 5 parts of Pseudomonas, halotolerant Bacillus is used to secrete ACC deaminase, degrade ethylene precursors to relieve salt stress, produce antimicrobial peptides to inhibit soil-borne pathogens, and has salt-alkali adaptability at pH 8.5; jelly-like Bacillus is used to decompose silicon Salt releases potassium, activates soil fixed phosphorus, and has a salt-alkali adaptability of EC6dS / m; photosynthetic bacteria are used to fix carbon and produce organic acids, neutralize soil alkalinity, secrete coenzyme Q to enhance root activity, and have the advantage of salt-alkali tolerance; Trichoderma is used to decompose self-toxic substances (such as phenylacrylic acid) in continuous cropping soil, parasitize pathogens such as Fusarium, and has a salt-alkali adaptability of pH7.5-9; lactic acid bacteria are used to secrete lactic acid to reduce rhizosphere pH, promote calcium and magnesium ion activation, inhibit bacterial wilt, and have a salt tolerance of 8%. Among them, photosynthetic bacteria fix carbon → jelly-like Bacillus dissolves potassium → lactic acid bacteria activates calcium and magnesium → forms a calcium and magnesium-humic acid complex to reduce salt and form a nutrient activation chain, while Bacillus secretes antimicrobial peptides + Trichoderma parasitic hyphae, which double inhibits Fusarium and Pythium, and the 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) produced by photosynthetic bacteria can enhance the expression of salt-tolerant genes in other strains. In summary, the mixed bacterial agent prepared by this proportion formula has strong complementary functions and can meet the four major needs of salt reduction, nutrient activation, disease resistance and continuous cropping restoration in saline-alkali land.

[0038] Specifically, the method comprises the following preparation steps:

[0039] Step 1: primary fermentation, halophilic Bacillus, jelly-like Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and Trichoderma are fermented at 28-30°C and pH=7.0 for 48 hours, and glucose and fish meal peptone are added to the nutrient solution as carbon and nitrogen sources to quickly increase the cell density and form stress-resistant spores of Bacillus;

[0040] Step 2: Secondary fermentation: Lactobacillus ferments for 24 hours at 30-40℃ and pH=5.5. The substrates are whey and maltose, which promotes the acid production of lactic acid bacteria and improves the pH buffering capacity of the inoculant against saline and alkali. Fermentation is carried out in stages to avoid competition among strains and optimize the accumulation of metabolites of different strains.

[0041] Step 3: carrier adsorption, mixing and stirring a carrier composed of diatomaceous earth, humic acid and water-soluble chitin with the fermentation liquid obtained in step 2 to obtain a mixture;

[0042] Step 4: Low temperature drying: The mixture in step 3 is dried at low temperature by low temperature spray drying technology. Low temperature drying reduces the loss of live bacteria, and the spore survival rate is > 85%;

[0043] Step 5: Forming and embedding the composite bacterial agent. Granulate the mixture after low-temperature drying in step 4 to form granules. The diameter of the granules is 1-2 mm. At the same time, the granules are double-embedded with sodium alginate-chitosan.

[0044] Specifically, the specific workflow of step three is:

[0045] S31, preparing a carrier, mixing diatomaceous earth, humic acid and water-soluble chitin to prepare an adsorption carrier, wherein the porous structure of diatomaceous earth adsorbs live bacteria, and the humic acid protects the bacteria from salt and alkali ion poisoning;

[0046] S32, mixing and stirring, mixing the adsorption carrier obtained in S31 and the fermentation liquid obtained in step 2 in a weight ratio of 5:1, stirring in a stirring device at a speed of 300 rpm / min for 30 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0047] S33. Let stand for 10-20 hours.

[0048] An application of a mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth comprises the following application steps:

[0049] Step A: Soil pretreatment before sowing: firstly, deep plowing and soil improvement are performed, then the granules of the mixed bacterial agent are mixed with chemical fertilizers and applied simultaneously with the calcium agent;

[0050] Step B: Activate the roots during the seedling stage. 15 days after sowing, apply the diluted bacterial agent to the roots through a drip irrigation system at a standard of 200 L / mu.

[0051] Step C: enhancing the leaf surface during the flowering period: during the initial to full flowering period, the diluted bacterial agent solution is mixed with boron-molybdenum fertilizer and sprayed on the leaves, wherein the ratio of the diluted bacterial agent solution to the boron-molybdenum fertilizer is 100:3 by weight. The photosynthetic bacteria secrete 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to enhance pollen vitality; boron-molybdenum promotes flower pod differentiation, increasing the number of flowers per plant by 40% and reducing the sterility rate from 25% to 12%;

[0052] Step D: drip irrigation to control salt in the pod stage. During the pod-setting to pod-swelling stage, the diluted bacterial agent and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer are applied by drip irrigation, which can activate the potassium-dissolving enzyme activity of the bacterial flora in a high-potassium environment and promote pod swelling. Water control inhibits the capillary rise of salt, increases the weight of 100 fruits by 22%, and reduces the empty shell rate to 8%;

[0053] Step E: After harvesting, the peanut straw is crushed, and then the composite bacterial agent is sprayed at a standard of 5 kg / mu. Finally, the crushed peanut straw and the sprayed composite bacterial agent are pressed into the soil 20 cm. The Trichoderma fungus secretes laccase to degrade self-toxic substances such as phenylacrylic acid. The straw provides a degradation substrate, and the degradation rate of benzoic acid substances is ≥85% within 60 days.

[0054] Step F: Cover in winter to inhibit salt, plant salt-tolerant green manure and cover with bacterial agent, turn it over as green manure the following year, and the roots of the green manure secrete organic acid to activate , the bacterial agent fixes nitrogen and dissolves phosphorus, improving the soil's buffering capacity. After three years of continuous cropping, the soil organic matter content increased from 0.8% to 1.5%, and fungal diseases decreased by 70%.

[0055] Specifically, the specific working steps of step A are as follows:

[0056] SA1: Spread 1.8-3.5 tons of decomposed cow dung, 300kg of crushed straw and 8-12kg of compound bacterial agent per mu, where the number of live bacteria in the compound bacterial agent is required to be ≥5× CFU / g, the salt-tolerant Bacillus in the composite microbial agent quickly colonized the rhizosphere and secreted ACC deaminase to degrade ethylene precursors induced by salt stress; the decomposed cow dung provided carbon sources and slow-release nutrients, buffering the inhibition of salt-alkali ions on the bacterial flora; the straw improved soil permeability and promoted photosynthetic bacteria to fix carbon and produce acid;

[0057] SA2: Synchronize with SA1, sow calcium agent in the soil at the requirement of 5kg / mu, and the calcium agent is slowly released when the soil moisture is >60%. , substitution exchange , reducing ESP (sodium adsorption ratio), after application, ESP in the 0-20 cm soil layer dropped from 18% to 9%;

[0058] SA3. First, deep plow the soil 30-40cm deep, then after rotary tillage, cover the soil with film to retain moisture for 7 days, which will reduce the soil bulk density by 0.2g / cm³, increase the porosity by 15%, and increase the bacterial colonization rate by 40%.

[0059] Specifically, in step B, the parameters of the bacterial agent dilution are CFU / mL, that is, the weight ratio of bacterial agent to water is 1:50.

[0060] Specifically, in step D, the weight proportion of Bacillus gelatinus in the bacterial agent dilution solution is 30%, and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is drip-irrigated at a standard of 10 kg / mu. At the same time, the soil moisture content is controlled at 55-60%, and the EC value of the soil is less than 4dS / m.

[0061] Specifically, in step E, the weight of Trichoderma in the composite bacterial agent accounts for 10%.

[0062] Specifically, in step F, the coverage requirement of the composite bacterial agent is 3-4 kg / mu.

[0063] Case study 1: Improvement of peanut cultivation in saline-alkali land in Dongying, Shandong

[0064] Background: Soil conditions: pH 8.9, EC 12.3 dS / m (severe saline-alkali), bacterial wilt incidence rate >30% after 3 consecutive years of cropping.

[0065] Objective: Reduce salt and alkali, and solve the problems of continuous cropping.

[0066] Formulation and preparation

[0067] The bacterial agent formula: 50 parts of halotolerant Bacillus, 35 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 10 parts of Trichoderma, and 5 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

[0068] Dynamic adjustment: Increase the proportion of photosynthetic bacteria to neutralize alkalinity, and use Trichoderma to inhibit pathogens.

[0069] Preparation process:

[0070] Two-stage fermentation: primary fermentation and secondary fermentation. After aerobic expansion of Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria produce acid anaerobically.

[0071] Carrier: Diatomaceous earth, humic acid and water-soluble chitosan are mixed as carriers and spray-dried at low temperature (45°C) to preserve activity.

[0072] Application process

[0073] Step A: Pre-treat the soil before sowing. First, deep plowing and soil improvement are performed. Then, the granules of the mixed bacterial agent are mixed with chemical fertilizers and applied simultaneously with the calcium agent.

[0074] SA1: Spread 3 tons of decomposed cow dung, 300 kg of crushed straw and 12 kg of compound bacterial agent per mu, where the number of live bacteria in the compound bacterial agent is required to be ≥5× CFU / g, the salt-tolerant Bacillus in the composite microbial agent quickly colonized the rhizosphere and secreted ACC deaminase to degrade ethylene precursors induced by salt stress; the decomposed cow dung provided carbon sources and slow-release nutrients, buffering the inhibition of salt-alkali ions on the bacterial flora; the straw improved soil permeability and promoted photosynthetic bacteria to fix carbon and produce acid;

[0075] SA2: Synchronize with SA1, sow calcium agent in the soil at the requirement of 5kg / mu, and the calcium agent is slowly released when the soil moisture is >60%. , substitution exchange , reducing ESP (sodium adsorption ratio), after application, ESP in the 0-20 cm soil layer dropped from 18% to 9%;

[0076] SA3, first deep plow the soil 35cm, then after rotary tillage, cover the soil with film to retain moisture for 7 days, which reduces the soil bulk density by 0.2g / cm³, increases the porosity by 15%, and increases the bacterial colonization rate by 40%.

[0077] Step B: Activate the roots by irrigation at the seedling stage. 15 days after sowing, apply the diluted bacterial agent to the roots through a drip irrigation system at a standard of 200L / mu;

[0078] Step C: Enhance the effect of leaf surface during flowering period. During the initial to full flowering period, the diluted bacterial agent solution is mixed with boron-molybdenum fertilizer and sprayed on the leaves. The weight ratio of the diluted bacterial agent solution to the boron-molybdenum fertilizer is 100:3. The photosynthetic bacteria secrete 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to enhance the vitality of pollen. Boron-molybdenum promotes the differentiation of flower pods, increasing the number of flowers per plant by 40% and reducing the sterility rate from 25% to 12%.

[0079] Step D, drip irrigation to control salt during the pod stage, from the pod setting to the expansion stage, the bacterial agent dilution and high potassium water-soluble fertilizer are applied by drip irrigation, which can realize the high potassium environment to activate the potassium-dissolving enzyme activity of the bacterial community and promote pod expansion; water control inhibits the capillary rise of salt, the 100-fruit weight is increased by 22%, and the empty shell rate is reduced to 8%. The weight of the jelly-like Bacillus in the bacterial agent dilution accounts for 30%, and the high potassium water-soluble fertilizer is drip-irrigated according to the standard of 10kg / mu, and the soil moisture content is controlled at 55-60%, and the EC value of the soil is less than 4dS / m;

[0080] Step E: After harvesting, continuous cropping and restoration, crush the peanut straw, and then spray the composite bacterial agent at a standard of 5kg / mu. Finally, press the crushed peanut straw and the sprayed composite bacterial agent into the soil 20cm. Trichoderma secretes laccase to degrade self-toxic substances such as phenylacrylic acid. The straw provides a degradation substrate. The degradation rate of benzoic acid substances is ≥85% within 60 days. The weight of Trichoderma in the composite bacterial agent accounts for 10%;

[0081] Step F: Cover in winter to inhibit salt, plant salt-tolerant green manure and cover with bacterial agent, turn it over as green manure the following year, and the roots of the green manure secrete organic acid to activate , the microbial agent fixes nitrogen and dissolves phosphorus, improving the soil's buffering capacity. After three years of continuous cropping, the soil organic matter increased from 0.8% to 1.5%, and fungal diseases were reduced by 70%. The requirement for composite microbial agent coverage is 3-4kg / mu.

[0082] Effect

[0083] Salt: EC value dropped to 5.1 dS / m, a decrease of 58%.

[0084] Diseases: The incidence of bacterial wilt is less than 5%. The peanut pod yield per mu is 420 kg (increase of 133%).

[0085] Advantages: The functions of the bacterial flora are complementary in a high-salt environment, and photosynthetic bacteria and Trichoderma work together to overcome salt damage and diseases.

[0086] Implementation case 2: Peanut high-yield demonstration in moderately light saline-alkali land in Nanyang, Henan

[0087] Background: Soil conditions: pH 8.2, EC 4.5 dS / m (moderately light saline-alkali), continuous cropping for 1 year, empty shell rate >20%.

[0088] Goal: To increase pod fullness and yield.

[0089] Formulation and preparation

[0090] The bacterial agent formula: 40 parts of jelly-like Bacillus, 30 parts of halotolerant Bacillus, 20 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, and 10 parts of lactic acid bacteria.

[0091] Dynamic adjustment: Add jelly-like Bacillus to activate potassium and phosphorus.

[0092] Preparation process:

[0093] Step 1: primary fermentation, halophilic Bacillus, jelly-like Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and Trichoderma are fermented at 28-30°C and pH=7.0 for 48 hours, and glucose and fish meal peptone are added to the nutrient solution as carbon and nitrogen sources to quickly increase the cell density and form stress-resistant spores of Bacillus;

[0094] Step 2: Secondary fermentation: Lactobacillus ferments for 24 hours at 30-40℃ and pH=5.5. The substrates are whey and maltose, which promotes the acid production of lactic acid bacteria and improves the pH buffering capacity of the inoculant against saline and alkali. Fermentation is carried out in stages to avoid competition among strains and optimize the accumulation of metabolites of different strains.

[0095] Step 3: carrier adsorption, mixing and stirring a carrier composed of diatomaceous earth, humic acid and water-soluble chitin with the fermentation liquid obtained in step 2 to obtain a mixture;

[0096] Step 4: Low temperature drying: The mixture in step 3 is dried at low temperature by low temperature spray drying technology. Low temperature drying reduces the loss of live bacteria, and the spore survival rate is > 85%;

[0097] Step 5: Forming and embedding the composite bacterial agent. Granulate the mixture after low-temperature drying in step 4 to form granules. The diameter of the granules is 1-2 mm. At the same time, the granules are double-embedded with sodium alginate-chitosan.

[0098] Application process

[0099] Step A: Pre-treat the soil before sowing. First, deep plowing and soil improvement are performed. Then, the granules of the mixed bacterial agent are mixed with chemical fertilizers and applied simultaneously with the calcium agent.

[0100] SA1: Spread 3 tons of decomposed cow dung, 300 kg of crushed straw and 12 kg of compound bacterial agent per mu, where the number of live bacteria in the compound bacterial agent is required to be ≥5× CFU / g, the salt-tolerant Bacillus in the composite microbial agent quickly colonizes the rhizosphere and secretes ACC deaminase to degrade ethylene precursors induced by salt stress; the decomposed cow dung provides carbon sources and slow-release nutrients, buffering the inhibition of salt-alkali ions on the bacterial flora; the straw improves soil permeability and promotes carbon fixation and acid production by photosynthetic bacteria. When sowing, the microbial agent is mixed with the seeds to form a rhizosphere protective layer;

[0101] SA2: Synchronize with SA1, sow calcium agent in the soil at the requirement of 5kg / mu, and the calcium agent is slowly released when the soil moisture is >60%. , substitution exchange , reducing ESP (sodium adsorption ratio), after application, ESP in the 0-20 cm soil layer dropped from 18% to 9%;

[0102] SA3, first deep plow the soil 35cm, then after rotary tillage, cover the soil with film to retain moisture for 7 days, which reduces the soil bulk density by 0.2g / cm³, increases the porosity by 15%, and increases the bacterial colonization rate by 40%.

[0103] Step B: Activate the roots by irrigation at the seedling stage. 15 days after sowing, apply the diluted bacterial agent to the roots through a drip irrigation system at a standard of 200L / mu;

[0104] Step C: Enhance the effect of leaf surface during flowering period. During the initial to full flowering period, the diluted bacterial agent solution is mixed with boron-molybdenum fertilizer and sprayed on the leaves. The weight ratio of the diluted bacterial agent solution to the boron-molybdenum fertilizer is 100:3. The photosynthetic bacteria secrete 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to enhance the vitality of pollen. Boron-molybdenum promotes the differentiation of flower pods, increasing the number of flowers per plant by 40% and reducing the sterility rate from 25% to 12%.

[0105] Step D: Drip irrigation for salt control during the pod stage. During the pod setting to swelling stage, the diluted microbial agent and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer are applied by drip irrigation, which can activate the potassium-dissolving enzyme activity of the microbial community in a high-potassium environment and promote pod swelling; water control inhibits the capillary rise of salt. The 100-pod weight increases by 22%, and the empty shell rate drops to 8%. The weight proportion of Bacillus mucilaginosus in the diluted microbial agent is 30%. The high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is drip-irrigated at a standard of 10 kg / mu. At the same time, the soil water content is controlled at 55 - 60%, and the EC value of the soil is less than 4 dS / m.

[0106] Step E: Continuous cropping restoration after harvest. The peanut straw is crushed, and then the compound microbial agent is sprayed at a standard of 5 kg / mu. Finally, the crushed peanut straw and the sprayed compound microbial agent are turned into the soil to a depth of 20 cm. Trichoderma secretes laccase to degrade autotoxic substances such as phenylacrylic acid, and the straw provides the degradation substrate. The degradation rate of benzoic acid substances is ≥85% within 60 days. The weight proportion of Trichoderma in the compound microbial agent is 10%.

[0107] Step F: Winter covering for salt inhibition. Salt-tolerant green manure is planted and covered with the microbial agent, and then turned into the soil as green manure in the following year. The roots of the green manure secrete organic acids to activate , and the microbial agent fixes nitrogen and decomposes phosphorus, enhancing the soil buffering capacity. After 3 years of continuous cropping, the soil organic matter increases from 0.8% to 1.5%, and the fungal diseases are reduced by 70%. The requirement for covering the compound microbial agent is 3 - 4 kg / mu.

[0108] Effect

[0109] Yield: The number of fruits per plant reaches 28 (16 in the control field), and the empty shell rate drops to 8%.

[0110] Quality: The protein content increases to 26.5%, and the 100-seed weight increases by 18%.

[0111] Advantage: Bacillus mucilaginosus and chitin have a synergistic effect, and foliar spraying can precisely regulate pod development.

[0112] Implementation Case 3: Peanut restoration planting in the continuous cropping obstacle area of Baicheng, Jilin

[0113] Background: Soil conditions: pH 7.8, EC 3.8 dS / m, continuous cropping for 5 years, and the cumulative amount of autotoxic substances (phenylacrylic acid) is 1.2 mg / kg.

[0114] Goal: Degrade autotoxic substances and restore soil fertility.

[0115] Formula and Preparation

[0116] Microbial agent formula: 40 parts of Trichoderma, 30 parts of Pseudomonas, 15 parts of salt-tolerant Bacillus, and 10 parts of Lactobacillus.

[0117] Dynamic adjustment: Trichoderma dominates the degradation of autotoxic substances, and Pseudomonas assists in decomposing benzoic acid.

[0118] Step 1: primary fermentation, halophilic Bacillus, jelly-like Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and Trichoderma are fermented at 28-30°C and pH=7.0 for 48 hours, and glucose and fish meal peptone are added to the nutrient solution as carbon and nitrogen sources to quickly increase the cell density and form stress-resistant spores of Bacillus;

[0119] Step 2: Secondary fermentation: Lactobacillus ferments for 24 hours at 30-40℃ and pH=5.5. The substrates are whey and maltose, which promotes the acid production of lactic acid bacteria and improves the pH buffering capacity of the inoculant against saline and alkali. Fermentation is carried out in stages to avoid competition among strains and optimize the accumulation of metabolites of different strains.

[0120] Step 3: carrier adsorption, mixing and stirring a carrier composed of diatomaceous earth, humic acid and water-soluble chitin with the fermentation liquid obtained in step 2 to obtain a mixture;

[0121] Step 4: Low temperature drying: The mixture in step 3 is dried at low temperature by low temperature spray drying technology. Low temperature drying reduces the loss of live bacteria, and the spore survival rate is > 85%;

[0122] Step 5: Forming and embedding the composite bacterial agent. Granulate the mixture after low-temperature drying in step 4 to form granules. The diameter of the granules is 1-2 mm. At the same time, the granules are double-embedded with sodium alginate-chitosan.

[0123] Application process

[0124] Step A: Pre-treat the soil before sowing. First, deep plowing and soil improvement are performed. Then, the granules of the mixed bacterial agent are mixed with chemical fertilizers and applied simultaneously with the calcium agent.

[0125] SA1: Spread 3 tons of decomposed cow dung, 300 kg of crushed straw and 12 kg of compound bacterial agent per mu, where the number of live bacteria in the compound bacterial agent is required to be ≥5× CFU / g, the salt-tolerant Bacillus in the composite microbial agent quickly colonizes the rhizosphere and secretes ACC deaminase to degrade ethylene precursors induced by salt stress; the decomposed cow dung provides carbon sources and slow-release nutrients, buffering the inhibition of salt-alkali ions on the bacterial flora; the straw improves soil permeability and promotes carbon fixation and acid production by photosynthetic bacteria. When sowing, the microbial agent is mixed with the seeds to form a rhizosphere protective layer;

[0126] SA2: Synchronize with SA1, sow calcium agent in the soil at the requirement of 5kg / mu, and the calcium agent is slowly released when the soil moisture is >60%. , substitution exchange , reducing ESP (sodium adsorption ratio), after application, ESP in the 0-20 cm soil layer dropped from 18% to 9%;

[0127] SA3, first deep plow the soil 35cm, then after rotary tillage, cover the soil with film to retain moisture for 7 days, which reduces the soil bulk density by 0.2g / cm³, increases the porosity by 15%, and increases the bacterial colonization rate by 40%.

[0128] Step B: Activate the roots during the seedling stage. 15 days after sowing, apply the diluted bacterial agent to the roots through a drip irrigation system at a standard of 200 L / mu.

[0129] Step C: Enhance the effect of leaf surface during flowering period. During the initial to full flowering period, the diluted bacterial agent solution is mixed with boron-molybdenum fertilizer and sprayed on the leaves. The weight ratio of the diluted bacterial agent solution to the boron-molybdenum fertilizer is 100:3. The photosynthetic bacteria secrete 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to enhance the vitality of pollen. Boron-molybdenum promotes the differentiation of flower pods, increasing the number of flowers per plant by 40% and reducing the sterility rate from 25% to 12%.

[0130] Step D, drip irrigation to control salt during the pod stage, from the pod setting to the expansion stage, the bacterial agent dilution and high potassium water-soluble fertilizer are applied by drip irrigation, which can realize the high potassium environment to activate the potassium-dissolving enzyme activity of the bacterial community and promote pod expansion; water control inhibits the capillary rise of salt, the 100-fruit weight is increased by 22%, and the empty shell rate is reduced to 8%. The weight of the jelly-like Bacillus in the bacterial agent dilution accounts for 30%, and the high potassium water-soluble fertilizer is drip-irrigated according to the standard of 10kg / mu, and the soil moisture content is controlled at 55-60%, and the EC value of the soil is less than 4dS / m;

[0131] Step E: After harvesting, the peanut straw is crushed, and then the composite bacterial agent is sprayed at a standard of 5 kg / mu. Finally, the crushed peanut straw and the sprayed composite bacterial agent are pressed into the soil 20 cm. The Trichoderma secretes laccase to degrade self-toxic substances such as benzoic acid. The straw provides a degradation substrate. The degradation rate of benzoic acid substances is ≥85% within 60 days. The weight of Trichoderma in the composite bacterial agent accounts for 10%. During the growth period, the roots are irrigated with Trichoderma liquid ( CFU / mL) irrigate the roots twice with an interval of 15 days;

[0132] Step F: Cover in winter to inhibit salt, plant salt-tolerant green manure and cover with bacterial agent, turn it over as green manure the following year, and the roots of the green manure secrete organic acid to activate , the microbial agent fixes nitrogen and dissolves phosphorus, improving the soil's buffering capacity. After three years of continuous cropping, the soil organic matter increased from 0.8% to 1.5%, and fungal diseases were reduced by 70%. The requirement for composite microbial agent coverage is 3-4kg / mu.

[0133] Effect

[0134] Self-toxic substances: The degradation rate of phenylacrylic acid is greater than 90%, and the content is reduced to 0.1 mg / kg.

[0135] Soil fertility recovery: Soil organic matter increased from 0.8% to 1.5%, and the yield per mu recovered to 380 kg in the third year of continuous cropping.

[0136] Advantages: Trichoderma and returning straw to the field synergistically enhance the degradation of self-toxic substances, and green manure planting achieves long-term restoration.

[0137] The comparison of the three implementation cases is as follows:

[0138] Implementation Cases Core Issues Functional design of microbial agents Implementation case 1: Dongying, Shandong Severe salinity + disease Photosynthetic bacteria reduce salt and Trichoderma inhibit disease Implementation Case 2: Nanyang, Henan Moderately light saline + empty shell Bacillus jelly-like bacteria activate nutrients Implementation case 3: Baicheng, Jilin Accumulation of toxic substances from continuous cropping Degradation of phenylacrylic acid by Trichoderma

[0139] The three cases respectively target the three major problems of saline-alkali stress, nutrient imbalance and continuous cropping obstacles. Through dynamic optimization of microbial agent formula, innovation of preparation process (staged fermentation, carrier selection) and integration of application technology (drip irrigation, foliar spraying, straw return to the field), precise improvement and sustainable production of peanut planting in saline-alkali land are achieved.

[0140] The above is based on the present invention as an inspiration. Through the above description, relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of ​​this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A microbial mixed agent for promoting peanut growth, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of halotolerant bacillus, 20-30 parts of jelly-like bacillus, 30-40 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 3-10 parts of trichoderma, 5 parts of lactic acid bacteria and 5 parts of pseudomonas.

2. The microbial mixed agent for promoting peanut growth according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: Step 1: primary fermentation, halodurable Bacillus, jelly-like Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria and Trichoderma are fermented at 28-30°C and pH=7.0 for 48 hours, and glucose and fish meal peptone are added to the nutrient solution as carbon and nitrogen sources; Step 2: Secondary fermentation: lactic acid bacteria ferment for 24 hours at 30-40°C and pH=5.5, with whey and maltose as substrates; Step 3: carrier adsorption, mixing and stirring a carrier composed of diatomaceous earth, humic acid and water-soluble chitin with the fermentation liquid obtained in step 2 to obtain a mixture; Step 4: low temperature drying, the mixture in step 3 is low temperature dried by low temperature spray drying technology; Step 5: Forming and embedding the composite bacterial agent. Granulate the mixture after low-temperature drying in step 4 to form granules. The diameter of the granules is 1-2 mm. At the same time, the granules are double-embedded with sodium alginate-chitosan.

3. The microbial mixed agent for promoting peanut growth according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific workflow of step three is as follows: S31, preparing a carrier, mixing diatomaceous earth, humic acid and water-soluble chitosan to obtain an adsorption carrier; S32, mixing and stirring, mixing the adsorption carrier obtained in S31 and the fermentation liquid obtained in step 2 in a weight ratio of 5:1, stirring in a stirring device at a speed of 300 rpm for 30 minutes to obtain a mixture; S33. Let stand for 10-20 hours.

4. An application of a mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The application steps include: Step A: Soil pretreatment before sowing: firstly, deep plowing and soil improvement are performed, then the granules of the mixed bacterial agent are mixed with chemical fertilizers and applied simultaneously with the calcium agent; Step B: Activate the roots by irrigation at the seedling stage. 15 days after sowing, apply the diluted bacterial agent to the roots through a drip irrigation system at a standard of 200L / mu; Step C: enhancing the leaf surface during the flowering period: during the initial to full flowering period, the diluted bacterial agent solution is mixed with boron-molybdenum fertilizer and sprayed on the leaf surface, wherein the weight ratio of the diluted bacterial agent solution to the boron-molybdenum fertilizer is 100:3; Step D: drip irrigation to control salt in the pod stage: from the pod-setting to the expansion stage, the diluted bacterial agent and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer are applied by drip irrigation; Step E: After harvesting, the peanut stalks are crushed, and then the compound fungus agent is sprayed at a standard of 5 kg / mu. Finally, the crushed peanut stalks and the sprayed compound fungus agent are pressed into the soil 20 cm; Step F: Cover the soil to inhibit salt in winter, plant salt-tolerant green manure and cover with fungal agents, and turn it over as green manure the following year.

5. The use of the mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific working steps of step A are as follows: SA1: Spread 1.8-3.5 tons of decomposed cow dung, 300kg of crushed straw and 8-12kg of compound bacterial agent per mu, where the number of live bacteria in the compound bacterial agent is required to be ≥5× CFU / g; SA2: Synchronize with SA1 and sow calcium agent in the soil at the requirement of 5kg / mu; SA3. First, deep plow the soil 30-40cm, then after rotary tillage, cover the soil with film to retain moisture for 7 days.

6. The use of the mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step B, the parameters of the bacterial agent dilution are: CFU / mL, that is, the weight ratio of bacterial agent to water is 1:

50.

7. The use of the mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step D, the weight proportion of Bacillus gelatinus in the bacterial agent dilution solution is 30%, and the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is drip-irrigated at a standard of 10 kg / mu. At the same time, the soil moisture content is controlled at 55-60%, and the EC value of the soil is less than 4dS / m.

8. The use of the mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step E, the weight of Trichoderma in the composite bacterial agent accounts for 10%.

9. The use of the mixed microbial agent for promoting peanut growth according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step F, the requirement for composite bacterial agent coverage is 3-4 kg / mu.