Feed additive prepared on basis of traditional chinese medicine residues, preparation method therefor and use thereof

Abstract

A feed additive prepared on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine residues, a preparation method therefor, and the use thereof. The feed additive is prepared by means of fermenting a mixed material composed of traditional Chinese medicine residues, distiller's grains, glutamic acid residues, bran and puffed corn meal with Lysinibacillus sphaericus, wherein the Lysinibacillus sphaericus LD-LS-156 is deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection in Wuhan University with a deposit number of CCTCC M 2023775. The addition of the feed additive to feeds can effectively improve the egg production rate, improve egg quality, and reduce the diarrhea rate at the same time. Industrial wastes such as traditional Chinese medicine residues and distiller's grains are fermented to prepare a feed additive, that is, the wastes are made profitable, which solves the pollution problem, expands the development and reutilization of unconventional feed resources, and provides a new idea for easing the lack of conventional feed resources.

Description

A feed additive prepared based on traditional Chinese medicine residues, and its preparation method and application Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a feed additive prepared based on traditional Chinese medicine residues, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As my country's livestock farming industry continues to grow, conventional feed resources are becoming increasingly scarce. Coupled with the increasing demand for food safety and the growing conflict between the overuse of antibiotics and the harm they pose to animal health, the feed industry faces urgent challenges, including food safety, food shortages, and environmental pollution. Biofeed is an emerging industry that transforms feed ingredients into microbial proteins, bioactive small peptide amino acids, microbial active probiotics, and complex enzyme preparations, which are more easily ingested, digested, and absorbed by livestock and poultry, and are more nutritious and non-toxic. Therefore, biofermentation technology can increase the added value of unconventional raw materials, expand the scope of development and reuse of unconventional feed resources, reduce farming costs, ensure the quality and safety of animal products, and reduce environmental pollution caused by the livestock farming industry, thereby promoting the healthy and sustainable development of the feed industry.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a feed additive prepared based on traditional Chinese medicine residues, and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A feed additive prepared based on traditional Chinese medicine residues, wherein the feed additive is prepared by fermenting a mixture of traditional Chinese medicine residues, distiller's grains, glutamic acid residues, bran, and puffed corn flour with spherical lysinibacillus;

[0007] The sphaericus lysinibacillus LD-LS-156 is deposited in the China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, with a deposit number of CCTCC M 2023775.

[0008] Furthermore, the fermentation bacteria in the fermentation also include at least one of Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

[0009] Furthermore, the water content of the traditional Chinese medicine residue is 40% to 60%, and the water content of the distiller's grains is 40% to 60%.

[0010] In some specific embodiments, preferably, the water content of the traditional Chinese medicine residue is 50%, and the water content of the distiller's grains is 50%.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the Chinese medicinal residue, distiller's grains and bran in the mixture is (4-6):(2.5-3.5):(1.5-2.5).

[0012] In some specific embodiments, preferably, the mass ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine residue, distiller's grains, and bran in the mixture is 5:3:2.

[0013] Furthermore, the added amounts of glutamic acid residue and puffed corn flour in the mixture are 0.5% to 1.5% of the sum of the mass of the traditional Chinese medicine residue, distiller's grains and bran, respectively.

[0014] In some specific embodiments, preferably, the added amount of glutamic acid residue and puffed corn flour in the mixture is 1% of the sum of the mass of traditional Chinese medicine residue, distiller's grains and bran, respectively.

[0015] Furthermore, the Chinese medicine residues include astragalus residues, angelica residues, codonopsis pilosula residues, wolfberry residues, red date residues, licorice residues, cinnamon residues, clove residues, epimedium residues, and mulberry leaf residues.

[0016] Furthermore, the mass ratio of astragalus residue, angelica residue, codonopsis pilosula residue, wolfberry residue, red date residue, licorice residue, cinnamon residue, clove residue, epimedium residue and mulberry leaf residue in the traditional Chinese medicine residue is 0.8:1:0.5:1:1:0.2:0.2:0.1:0.1:0.5.

[0017] A method for preparing the above-mentioned feed additive comprises the following steps:

[0018] preparing a bacterial seed solution containing sphaeroides Lysinibacillus;

[0019] The Chinese medicinal residue, distiller's grains, glutamic acid residue, bran and puffed corn flour are mixed evenly, inoculated with the above-mentioned live bacteria seed liquid, and the fermented material is dried, crushed and sieved to obtain the feed additive.

[0020] Furthermore, the seed solution also includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae seed solution;

[0021] or the fermentation is further inoculated with Bacillus subtilis powder;

[0022] Alternatively, the seed liquid further comprises Saccharomyces cerevisiae seed liquid, and the fermentation is further inoculated with Bacillus subtilis powder.

[0023] Furthermore, the mass of the seed liquid inoculation accounts for 2% to 4% of the mass of the mixed material to be fermented, and the mass of the Bacillus subtilis powder inoculation accounts for 0.08% to 0.1% of the mass of the mixed material to be fermented;

[0024] When the seed solution used for inoculation is the seed solution of spherical Lysinibacillus or the seed solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the inoculation mass ratio of the seed solution of spherical Lysinibacillus and the seed solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1:1;

[0025] Fermentation conditions: temperature 28°C, time 50h, ventilation and temperature control during the fermentation process, the material temperature does not exceed 35°C.

[0026] A chicken feed, wherein the above feed additive is added in a mass fraction of 1% to 2%.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) The present invention utilizes traditional Chinese medicine residues, distiller's grains and other industrial waste materials to prepare feed additives through fermentation, turning waste into treasure. While solving pollution, it also broadens the development and reuse of unconventional feed resources, providing new ideas for alleviating the increasing scarcity of conventional feed resources.

[0029] (2) The feed additive prepared by the present invention makes full use of the active ingredients such as polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids and flavonoids in traditional Chinese medicine residues, as well as the rich amino acids, vitamins and proteins in wine lees; it can effectively alleviate the diarrhea rate of laying hens, effectively reduce harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and at the same time increase the content of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium; in addition, it can also significantly improve the quality of eggs, improve the yolk color, increase the eggshell thickness, egg production rate and average egg weight.

[0030] (3) In the present invention, spherical lysine Bacillus can produce a variety of hydrolases, which can effectively degrade macromolecular substances such as crude fiber and protein in traditional Chinese medicine residues. It also has antibacterial effects and can effectively inhibit diarrhea, infection and other problems caused by pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella in the intestines of animals; after being compounded, Bacillus subtilis and brewer's yeast can act on traditional Chinese medicine residues to degrade them into small molecular active substances, enrich the dietary structure of the fed animals, and improve palatability. At the same time, microorganisms colonize in the intestines, inhibit harmful bacteria and promote beneficial bacteria, regulate the intestinal flora structure, improve intestinal health, stabilize the intestinal environment, and thus promote the body's digestion and absorption of nutrients; when mixed strains are used for fermentation, the effect is even better. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention more clearly.

[0032] Sources and physical and chemical parameters of key test materials:

[0033] Lysinibacillus sphaeroides was provided by Lude Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., with the accession number: CCTCC M 2023775;

[0034] Bacillus subtilis (1×10 11 cfu / g), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2×10 10 cfu / g) were purchased from Shandong Weilan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0035] The Chinese medicine residues are produced by a biopharmaceutical company in Ezhou, Hubei Province after digital extraction, mainly including astragalus root residue, angelica root residue, codonopsis root residue, wolfberry root residue, red date residue, licorice root residue, cinnamon root residue, clove residue, epimedium residue, mulberry leaf residue, etc.

[0036] The lees were provided by a winery in Bozhou, Anhui Province;

[0037] Glutamic acid residue was provided by a food ingredient manufacturer in Heze, Hebei Province.

[0038] Other raw materials or structures not specifically described in the present invention already exist in the prior art and can be directly purchased from the market.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment provides a feed additive, and the specific preparation steps are as follows:

[0041] S1. Take astragalus root residue, angelica root residue, codonopsis root residue, wolfberry residue, red date residue, licorice residue, cinnamon residue, clove residue, epimedium residue, and mulberry leaf residue and mix them in a mass ratio of 0.8:1:0.51:1:0.2:0.2:0.1:0.1:0.5 to obtain a medicinal residue premix;

[0042] The medicinal residue premix (water content 50%), distiller's grains (water content 50%) and bran are mixed in a mass ratio of 5:3:2, and then glutamic acid residue and puffed corn flour are added at 1% of the mass of the mixture, respectively, and mixed evenly to obtain a mixture to be fermented.

[0043] S2. Take a slant of spherical Lysinibacillus and inoculate it into a seed culture medium (10 g / L peptone, 5 g / L yeast extract, 10 g / L sodium chloride, 5 mol / L NaOH to adjust the pH to 7.0, dilute to 1 L with deionized water, and sterilize at high pressure at 121°C for 20 min). Activate it on a shaking table at 37°C for 18 h to prepare a first-level seed solution. Then, inoculate it at a 2% inoculum size and culture it for 24 h to obtain an activated spherical Lysinibacillus seed solution. The viable cell count was controlled at 4 × 10 8 cfu / mL;

[0044] 2% of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder was inoculated into a 2% sucrose solution and cultured at 28°C for 1 hour to obtain an activated Saccharomyces cerevisiae seed solution.

[0045] S3. Inoculate the above-mentioned activated spherical lysine Bacillus seed liquid, cerevisiae seed liquid, and Bacillus subtilis powder into the mixture to be fermented; wherein, the inoculation amount is calculated based on 100g of the mixture to be fermented, the inoculation amount of spherical lysine Bacillus seed liquid and the cerevisiae seed liquid are both 1.5g, and the inoculation amount of Bacillus subtilis powder is 0.09g; after mixing evenly, place it at 28°C for fermentation for 50h, and the fermentation process is temperature controlled by air blast, and the material temperature does not exceed 35°C to obtain a fermented material.

[0046] S4. Dry the fermented material at 65° C. until the moisture content is about 30%, grind it with a grinder after drying, and pass it through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain a feed additive.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] This embodiment provides a feed additive, the raw materials and steps of which are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that: in step S1, the Chinese medicinal residue premix, distiller's grains, and bran are prepared in a mass ratio of 4:3.5:1.5, and the amount of glutamic acid residue and puffed corn flour added is 0.5% of the mass of the mixture; in step S3, the inoculum amount is calculated based on 100 g of the mixture to be fermented, the inoculum amount of spherical Lysinibacillus seed liquid and cerevisiae seed liquid are both 1 g, and the inoculum amount of Bacillus subtilis powder is 0.1 g.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] This embodiment provides a feed additive, the raw materials and steps of which are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that: in step S1, the mass ratio of the Chinese medicinal residue premix, distiller's grains, and bran is 6:2.5:2.5, and the amount of glutamic acid residue and puffed corn flour added is 1.5% of the mass of the mixture; in step S3, the inoculum amount is calculated based on 100 g of the mixture to be fermented, the inoculum amount of spherical Lysinibacillus seed liquid and cerevisiae seed liquid are both 2 g, and the inoculum amount of Bacillus subtilis powder is 0.08 g.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] This embodiment provides a feed additive, the raw materials and steps of which are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that in step S3, only activated sphaeroides lysinophils seed solution is used for fermentation, and a 2% sucrose solution equal to the amount of cerevisiae seed solution in Example 1 is supplemented.

[0053] Example 5

[0054] This embodiment provides a feed additive, the raw materials and steps of which are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that in step S3, a combined seed solution of sphaeroides lysinophils and Bacillus subtilis is used for fermentation, and a 2% sucrose solution equal to the amount of the cerevisiae seed solution in Example 1 is supplemented.

[0055] Example 6

[0056] This embodiment provides a feed additive, and its raw materials and steps are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that in step S3, a combined seed liquid of spherical Lysinibacillus and cerevisiae Saccharomyces is used for fermentation.

[0057] Comparative Example 1

[0058] This comparative example provides a feed additive, the raw materials and steps of which are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that: in step S3, the combined seed liquid of Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used for fermentation, the seed liquid of Bacillus sphaericus is removed, and the sterilized seed liquid culture medium used for activation is supplemented with the same amount of the seed liquid of Bacillus sphaericus as that in Example 1.

[0059] Comparative Example 2

[0060] This comparative example provides a feed additive, the raw materials and steps of which are basically the same as those in Example 1, except that: in step S3, the cerevisiae seed liquid is replaced by Aspergillus niger powder, and at the same time, an amount of sterilized seed liquid culture medium used for activation is supplemented with the spherical Lysinibacillus seed liquid in Example 1.

[0061] To further determine the changes in nutritional indicators, Examples 1 and 4-6 were tested before and after fermentation. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Table 1 Nutritional indicators before and after fermentation

[0063] Table 1 shows that after fermentation, the content of nutrients such as true protein and crude fat increased to a certain extent, indicating that microbial fermentation helps improve the nutritional content of the material. At the same time, the crude fiber content decreased to varying degrees, improving palatability and facilitating absorption. Comparative analysis shows that when the three strains of Bacillus sphaeroides seed liquid, Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were fermented together, the true protein increase was the highest, the crude fiber content was the lowest, and the overall fermentation effect was the best.

[0064] To further study the effects of adding the feed additives prepared in Examples 1 and 4 and Comparative Examples 1-2 to feed on laying hens, the following experiments were conducted at a laying hen farm in Xiaogan City, Hubei Province.

[0065] 720 healthy, 50-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were selected and randomly grouped. Each group contained 6 replicates, 20 animals per replicate, and four hens per cage. The feeding period was 70 days, with a 10-day pre-experimental adaptation period and a 60-day experimental period. During the pre-experimental period, all groups consumed a normal complete chicken feed, which was gradually replaced with a diet over 10 days. The specific grouping and feeding schedule is shown in Table 2.

[0066] Table 2 Specific grouping and feeding arrangements

[0067] During the trial, the henhouses were well-ventilated, with supplemental lighting provided morning and evening. Room temperature was maintained at 22-25°C, and relative humidity was maintained at 60-75%. Feeding was scheduled three times daily, and immunization and deworming were performed as usual. A dedicated person monitored and recorded the growth performance and egg production of each group of laying hens. Eggs were collected twice daily to minimize stress.

[0068] At the end of feeding, the diarrhea rate of laying hens in each group and the statistics of microorganisms in feces are shown in Table 3:

[0069] Table 3 Diarrhea rate of laying hens in each group and statistics of microorganisms in feces

[0070] The true protein was determined using the Kjeldahl method.

[0071] As shown in Table 3, the addition of the feed additives prepared in different embodiments or comparative examples can reduce the diarrhea rate of laying hens to varying degrees. When the embodiment is added at a rate of 2%, the diarrhea rate can be reduced, and harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella can also be appropriately reduced. At the same time, the content of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can be increased. The effect is better when the addition rate is 1%.

[0072] After adding the feed additive prepared in Example 4, the diarrhea rate and microbial indicators were also reduced. Although the effect was not as significant as that of compound bacteria fermentation, it still had a positive effect on the recycling of industrial waste materials such as medicinal residues and distiller's grains.

[0073] After adding the feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 1, compared with the control group and Example 4, the diarrhea rate of laying hens was 12.99%, which was 1.62% lower than that of the control group and 1% lower than that of Example 4. The proportion of Escherichia coli was lower than both, and the proportion of probiotics was slightly higher than that of the control group and Example 4. It can be seen that the feeding effect of the mixed fermentation feed of Bacillus lysinin and Bacillus subtilis is better than the fermentation feed of single bacteria of Bacillus sphaeroides.

[0074] After adding the feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 2, the diarrhea rate was reduced to a certain extent compared with the control group, but there was no improvement in intestinal pathogens. Compared with the control group, the number of Escherichia coli was almost the same, and the number of Salmonella increased to a certain extent, with an increase rate of 1.52 cfu / g. The probiotics increased to a certain extent, but the proportion was very small, indicating that the feeding effect of Aspergillus niger fermented feed was poor.

[0075] Further statistics were made on the growth and egg production of each group of laying hens. The results are shown in Table 4:

[0076] Table 4 Statistics of growth and egg production of laying hens in each group

[0077] Among them, the EMT-7300 multifunctional egg analyzer detects the color of egg yolk.

[0078] As shown in Table 4, the addition of the feed additive prepared in Example 1 can significantly improve the growth performance of laying hens, improve the yolk color of the eggs produced, and increase the eggshell thickness, egg production rate, and average egg weight. Based on production performance, the effect is relatively good when the addition amount is 1%. On the contrary, when comparing egg quality, the effect is better when the addition amount is 2%.

[0079] After adding the feed additive prepared in Example 4, the production performance of laying hens and the quality of eggs were slightly improved compared with the control group; although the effect was not as significant as that of compound bacteria fermentation, it still had a positive effect on the recycling of industrial waste materials such as medicinal residues and distiller's grains.

[0080] After adding the feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 1, compared with the control group, the egg production rate, feed-to-egg ratio, and average egg weight all decreased slightly, but the feed intake increased to a certain extent, and the yolk color improved to a certain extent.

[0081] After adding the feed additive prepared in Comparative Example 2, the egg production rate and feed-to-egg ratio decreased slightly compared with the control group, but the average egg weight and feed intake increased to a certain extent, and the yolk color improved to a certain extent.

[0082] Considering the nutritional composition of fermented feed, feeding diarrhea rate, fecal microorganisms, production performance, egg quality and other factors, the fermented feed mixed with spherical Lysinibacillus seed liquid, Bacillus subtilis and brewer's yeast has the best feeding effect.

[0083] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed additive prepared based on traditional Chinese medicine residues, characterized in that: The feed additive is prepared by fermenting a mixture of Chinese medicine residue, distiller's grains, glutamic acid residue, bran and puffed corn flour with spherical lysine bacillus; The spherical lysinibacillus (Lysinibacillus sphaericus) LD-LS-156 is preserved in the China Type Culture Collection of Wuhan University with a preservation number of CCTCC M 2023775.

2. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The fermentation bacteria in the fermentation also include at least one of Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

3. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The water content of the traditional Chinese medicine residue is 40% to 60%, and the water content of the wine lees is 40% to 60%.

4. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The mass ratio of Chinese medicine residue, distiller's grains and bran in the mixed material is (4-6):(2.5-3.5):(1.5-2.5); The added amounts of glutamic acid residue and puffed corn flour in the mixed material are 0.5% to 1.5% of the sum of the mass of traditional Chinese medicine residue, distiller's grains and bran respectively.

5. The feed additive according to claim 1, characterized in that The Chinese medicine residues include astragalus residues, angelica residues, codonopsis residues, wolfberry residues, red dates residues, licorice residues, cinnamon residues, clove residues, epimedium residues, and mulberry leaf residues.

6. The feed additive according to claim 5, characterized in that The mass ratio of astragalus residue, angelica residue, codonopsis residue, wolfberry residue, red date residue, licorice residue, cinnamon residue, clove residue, epimedium residue and mulberry leaf residue in the traditional Chinese medicine residue is 8:10:5:10:10:2:2:1:1:

5.

7. A method for preparing the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: preparing a bacterial seed solution containing spherical lysinibacillus; Mix the Chinese medicine residue, distiller's grains, glutamic acid residue, bran and puffed corn flour evenly. The seed liquid is fermented, and the fermented material is dried, crushed and sieved to obtain the feed additive.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The seed solution also includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae seed solution; Or the fermentation is further inoculated with Bacillus subtilis powder; Or the seed liquid also includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae seed liquid, and the fermentation is also inoculated with Bacillus subtilis powder.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass of the seed liquid inoculation accounts for 2% to 4% of the mass of the mixed material to be fermented, and the mass of the Bacillus subtilis powder inoculation accounts for 0.08% to 0.1% of the mass of the mixed material to be fermented; When the seed solution inoculated is spherical lysine Bacillus seed solution or saccharomyces cerevisiae seed solution, the inoculation mass ratio of spherical lysine Bacillus seed solution to saccharomyces cerevisiae seed solution is 1:1; Fermentation conditions: temperature 28°C, time 50h, ventilation and temperature control during the fermentation process, material temperature does not exceed 35°C.

10. A chicken feed, characterized in that: The chicken feed is added with the feed additive according to any one of claims 1 to 6 at a mass fraction of 1% to 2%.

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