Method and system for auto-scrub resistance test
The automated scrub resistance test system addresses inefficiencies in current testing methods by using image analysis to detect worn-out areas, resulting in faster, more accurate, and consistent results.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/121309
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-09-27
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-03
AI Technical Summary
Current scrub resistance testing methods require significant time and operator attention, making them inefficient and prone to variability.
An automated system that captures digital images of test specimens during scrubbing, analyzes these images to detect worn-out areas, and calculates the number of worn-out cycles, allowing for fast, consistent, and accurate testing without operator intervention.
The automated system significantly reduces testing time and human error, providing reliable and consistent results for evaluating the scrub resistance of coatings.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024121309_03042025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR AUTO-SCRUB RESISTANCE TESTFIELD
[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to test of materials, and more particularly, to a method and a system for automated test of scrub resistance of coatings applied on a substrate.BACKGROUND
[0002] Scrub resistance is the ability of paint or a like film or coating of material to resist abrasive cleaning that might wear or degrade the paint or film from the surface. Scrub resistance testing is a critically acceptance test in the evaluation of the performance of the coating formulations.
[0003] Scrub resistance test is typically done in accordance with the standard ASTM D2486 or an industry accepted variation thereof, and requires substantial time and operator attention during testing. The test specimen is prepared by applying a drawdown of paint to a black plastic panel, which is then conditioned, as desired, in constant-temperature-and-humility room. Different procedures may be used in preparing the specimens, depending upon the particular testing.
[0004] Typically, such specimens are then mounted in a scrub machine. The scrub machine is turned on, and scrub brushes are moved back and forth in strokes over the specimen. A scrub medium is applied during the test execution. The machine counts the number of cycles the scrub brush moves back and forth and an operator observes the specimens to determine when certain levels of worn-out are observed.
[0005] It would be desirable to provide an automated scrub resistance test system for monitoring worn-out of a specimen which does not require operator action during testing, and which can provide fast, consistent and accurate testing results.SUMMARY
[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0007] According to an embodiment of the disclosure, there provides a method for auto-scrub resistance test comprising the following steps: (a) capturing a series of digital image of at least a portion of a test specimens, wherein the test specimen is located on a base surface of a machine and a scrub device is scrubbing the test specimen; (b) analyzing the each section of image to determine a corresponding area is worn-out; (c) receiving testing result including a number of worn-out cycles; wherein, a section is detected as worn-out according to the intensity value of this section in at least m consecutive images in the series; wherein m is an integer and 1≤m≤20, preferred 3≤m≤10.
[0008] According to an embodiment, there provides an auto-scrub resistance test system for monitoring worn-out of a specimen, comprising: a scrub machine having a scrub device mounted for movement over a defined path upon which the coating area on substrate is adapted to be placed in the defined path; an image acquisition machine located above the defined path in a test monitoring area; and an image analysis system to perform image analysis according to the method according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0009] According to an embodiment, there provides a computer system, which comprises one or more processors and one or more storage devices storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the one or more processors to perform the method according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0010] According to an embodiment, there provides one or more computer readable storage media storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform the method according to aspects of the disclosure.
[0011] According to an embodiment, there provides a computer program product comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform the method according to aspects of the disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] The disclosed aspects will hereinafter be described in connection with the appended drawings that are provided to illustrate and not to limit the disclosed aspects.
[0013] Fig. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an auto-scrub resistance test system according to an embodiment.
[0014] Fig. 2 illustrates an exemplary scrub machine according to an embodiment.
[0015] Fig. 3 illustrates an exemplary auto-scrub resistance test system according to an embodiment.
[0016] Figs. 4A and 4B illustrate an exemplary scrub medium delivery system according to an embodiment.
[0017] Figs. 5A and 5B illustrate an exemplary process for image analysis of worn-out detection in an auto-scrub resistance test method according to an embodiment.
[0018] Fig. 6 illustrates an exemplary process for image analysis of worn-out detection in an auto-scrub resistance test method according to an embodiment.
[0019] Figs. 7A and 7B illustrate an exemplary process for determining inspection areas of single coating or parallel coatings according to an embodiment.
[0020] Figs. 8A to 8C illustrate an exemplary process for determining inspection areas of parallel coatings according to an embodiment.
[0021] Fig. 9 illustrates an exemplary method for auto-scrub resistance test according to an embodiment.
[0022] Fig. 10 illustrates an exemplary computing system according to an embodiment.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The present disclosure will now be discussed with reference to several example implementations. It is to be understood that these implementations are discussed only for enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure.
[0024] Various embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. References made to particular examples and embodiments are for illustrative purposes, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an auto-scrub resistance test system according to an embodiment. The auto-scrub resistance test system 1 is used for monitoring specimens which include one or more test material located on one or more base surface. The auto-scrub resistance test system 1 includes a scrub machine 10, the scrub machine 10 includes four test beds 110 for testing four substrates simultaneously. It is appreciated that there may be other number of test beds in the auto-scrub resistance test system in other embodiments. The auto-scrub resistance test system 1 includes a robot arm 20, which is configured for picking and placing. For example, the robot arm 20 may pick up a substrate and place it onto a test bed 110 of the scrub machine 10 automatically. The auto-scrub resistance test system 1 includes four cameras 30 configured for monitoring the worn-out status of four substrates placed in the test beds during scrub test execution. It is appreciated that there may be other number of cameras in other embodiments. The auto-scrub resistance test system 1 includes a scrub medium container 40, which is configured to deliver a scrub medium such as slurry to the scrub machine 10. In an example, the scrub medium container 40 is designed for executing ASTM scrub tests for 24 hours. The auto-scrub resistance test system 10 includes eight brushes 50, in which four brushes are in use for current test and the other four brushes will be used for next round of test. That is to say, a first set of four brushes and a second set of four brushes are used in a current test and next round of test in an alternated way. In such a configuration of brushes, it is helpful to void fatigue in brushes when the auto-scrub resistance test system 10 is continuously working without stop. The auto-scrub resistance test system 10 includes a substrate recycle bin 60. When a substrate is done with testing, it may be removed from the test bed 110 and stacked in the substrate recycle bin 60 by the robot arm 20. The auto-scrub resistance test system 10 includes a new substrate loading bin 70. New substrates can be loaded in the bin 70 for scrub test. The auto-scrub resistance test system 10 may also include a recycle bin 80 for storing other reusable tools. The auto-scrub resistance test system 10 includes a control device 90. The control device 90 may be communicatively connected to the other parts of the auto-scrub resistance test system 1 so as to control the operation of the other parts. The control device 90 may be implemented by a computer which includes at least one processor and at least one memory, which, when executing computer programs, can control the operation of the auto-scrub resistance test system 1. By using the wear test system 1 according to the embodiment of Fig. 1, the test of the specimens may be performed automatically and uninterruptedly, therefore a huge amount of testing work can be performed in an efficient way without needing excessive human labor.
[0026] Examples of specimens can be inks, coatings, and adhesives which are commonly applied to a variety of substrates including plastic films, paper, metal, concrete, glass and wood. According to a preferred embodiment, the specimens are coatings from polymer dispersions.
[0027] Fig. 2 illustrates a top view of an exemplary scrub machine according to an embodiment. The scrub machine 10 includes a test bed 110, in which specimens or substrates to be tested is placed. The specimens 130 include one or more test materials located on a base surface 120 of a substrate. It is appreciated that only one test bed 110 is illustrated in the embodiment of Fig. 2 for purpose of explanation. There may be one or more test beds 110 in the scrub machine 10. For example, there are four test beds in the scrub machine in the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1.
[0028] As illustrated in the embodiment of Fig. 2, the specimens 130 are in the form of four coatings which are drawn-down side by side on the base surface 120 of the substrate. The scrub machine 10 includes a scrub device 140 mounted for movement over a defined path 150 upon which the specimens 130 are placed. Although not shown in Fig. 2, the scrub device 140 includes a brush which moves back and forth along the path 150 so as to scrub the specimens 130 repeatedly, where the illustrated path 150 represents the area which can be scrubbed by the brush of the scrub device 140, the test inspection areas 136 are monitored during the scrubbing of the brush to check whether worn-out happens on the coatings 130. The brush may be one of the brushes 50 used in the current test. It is appreciated that the scrub machine 10 may be any suitable scrub machine available on the market, which could move brushes according to requirements of a scrub resistance test standard. Example of such scrub resistance test standard may include ASTM-D2486 or GB-T9266, such as ASTM-D2486 (2017) or GB-T9266 (2009) . For example, the scrub machine 10 can move the brushes at a fixed interval such as 37 cycles per minute, and pump 10 gram of scrub medium to the specimen 130 every 400 cycles.
[0029] Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating an exemplary auto-scrub resistance test system according to an embodiment. The auto-scrub resistance test system 300 may be a simplified representation of the auto-scrub resistance test system 1 as illustrated in Fig. 1. The auto-scrub resistance test system 300 includes the scrub machine 10, the cross-sectional view of which taken along line 2-2 of Fig. 2 is illustrated in Fig. 3, where same reference numbers in the Figs. 1 to 3 refer to same parts. A scrub medium delivery system 40 is provided to deliver a scrub medium such as slurry to the scrub machine 10. It is appreciated that the scrub medium delivery system 40 may be a part of the scrub machine 10 or may be a part outside the scrub machine 10. The scrub medium may be standard abrasive scrub medium for testing paint specimens, may also be a polishing compound, an abrasive grit, an acid or etching medium, cleaners, soap, or water. It is also possible to operate the test with no scrub medium, and just use the scrub device 140. Although not shown in Fig. 3, the scrub medium delivery system 40 may include a pump having a hose to load the scrub medium to the specimens 130. For example, the pump of the scrub medium delivery system 40 may draw the scrub medium from a container and pump it through the hose to the scrub machine 10. Peristaltic pump is typically used for loading the scrub medium to the specimens 130, it pumps out the scrub medium at a fixed amount and interval in accordance with commands from a controller. Although only one scrub machine 10 is illustrated in the auto-scrub resistance test system 300, it is appreciated that the auto-scrub resistance test system 300 may include a plurality of scrub machines 100 which work in parallel, and the scrub medium delivery system 40 may load the scrub medium to the plurality of scrub machines 100 simultaneously with a plurality of hoses.
[0030] Figs. 4A and 4B illustrate an exemplary scrub medium delivery system according to an embodiment. Peristaltic pump usually works by squeezing a hose, which is easily blocked by the scrub medium such as the slurry. When the hose is partially blocked, the amount of scrub medium loaded is less than target weight, which results in variance in the slurry loaded for test. The scrub medium delivery system 40 includes a scrub medium container 1710, a valve 1720 and a barrel 1730 having a movable seal 1735. The valve 1720 has two ports 1721 and 1722. In the state as shown in Fig. 4A, the valve 1720 is positioned in such a way that the two ports 1721 and 1722 connects the container 1710 to the barrel 1730 and the seal moves in the shown direction for a fixed distance to pump a fixed amount of scrub medium from the container 1710 into the barrel 1730. Then the valve 1720 is controlled to rotate to the position as shown in Fig. 4B, so that the two ports 1721 and 1722 connects the barrel 1730 to the output 1723 and the seal moves in the shown direction for a fixed distance to pump a fixed amount of scrub medium from the barrel 1730 to the output 1723. Although not shown in Fig. 4A and 4B, a hose may be connected to the output 1723 and deliver the scrub medium to the specimens 130 under test. By using the structure of the scrub medium delivery system 40, the scrub medium delivery system 40 can pump out the same amount of scrub medium even when the hose connected to the output is a little bit blocked because the seal 1735 and the barrel 1730 can guarantee the volume that is pumped into and out of the barrel.
[0031] The auto-scrub resistance test system 300 includes one or more cameras 30, which are located above the specimens 130. In an embodiment, multiple cameras 30 may be deployed where each camera is configured to monitor one of multiple testing areas 136 as shown in Fig. 2. In an embodiment, one camera 30 may be deployed to monitor all testing areas 136. It is appreciated that aspects of the disclosure are not limited to the number and deployment of cameras 30, one or more cameras 30 may be deployed to monitor the testing areas 136 of one or more coatings 130 on one or more scrub beds 110. Light source 190 may be deployed in proximity to the camera 30 to provide illumination for imaging by the camera 30. It is appreciated that the light source 190 may also be incorporated in the camera 30.
[0032] The auto-scrub resistance test system 300 includes a control device 90. The control device 90 may be communicatively connected to the other parts of the auto-scrub resistance test system 300 so as to control the operation of the other parts. The control device 90 may be implemented by a computer which includes at least one processor and at least one memory, which, when executing computer programs, can control the operation of the auto-scrub resistance test system 300.
[0033] The control device 90 may control the scrub machine 10 and the camera 30 to operate collaboratively. For example, the control device 90 controls the camera 30 to pick up images of the specimens 130 when the scrub device 140 is moved to an end of the path 150 so that the images of the test areas 136 may be obtained without being covered by the scrub device 140. In an example, a stroke position sensor may be deployed in the scrub machine 10 to detect the position of the scrub device 140 and signals the position to the control device 90, which in turn controls the cameral 30 to pick up image when the brush 140 is at an end of its path 150. The control device 90 may further analyze the images received from the camera 30 to detect the worn-out of the specimens and provide analysis data such as the number of cycles the scrub device 140 moves back and forth until a worn-out happens and the size of the worn-out. It is appreciated that the control device 90 may include user input device such as a keyboard and user output device such as a display. For example, the user may set parameters for the operation of the auto-scrub resistance test system 300 via the input device, and may review the data such as the images and the analysis results via the output device.
[0034] Figs. 5A and 5B illustrate an exemplary process of image analysis for an auto-scrub resistance test method according to an embodiment.
[0035] The control device 90 is configured to start the process of the auto-scrub resistance test, including the operations of the scrub machine 10, the scrub medium delivery system 40, the camera 30 and so on. Once the test process starts, the control device 90 receives images from the camera 30 at step 510. As exampled above, the images of the specimens 130 may be captured by the camera 30 when the brush 140 is at an end of the path 150. For sake of explanation, here we use the leftmost testing area 136 among the illustrated four testing areas in Fig. 2 as an example to describe the auto-scrub resistance test process. It is appreciated that all the testing areas may be processed in a similar way. In a first embodiment, the image of the leftmost testing area 136 is captured when the brush 140 is positioned at any end of the path 150. In a second embodiment, the image of the leftmost testing area 136 is captured when the brush 140 is positioned at an opposite end of the path 150, that is, when the brush 140 is at the right end of the path 150. In a third embodiment, the image of the leftmost testing area 136 is captured when the brush 140 is positioned at the same end of the path 150, that is, when the brush 140 is at the left end of the path 150. Slurry is cumulated at the two ends of brush movement path 150 because the slurry is carried back and forth by the brush 140 from one end to the other, in this way, the opposite end of brush 140 is covered with thicker slurry than the same end of the brush. That is to say, when the brush 140 is located at the right end as shown in Figs. 2 and 3 after moving from the left end to the right end, the testing area at the left end which is the opposite end of the brush 140 is covered with thicker slurry than the testing area at the right end which is the same end of the brush 140. Similarly, when the brush 140 is located at the left end after moving from the right end to the left end, the testing area at the right end which is the opposite end of the brush 140 is covered with thicker slurry than the testing area at the left end which is the same end of the brush 140. Therefore, in the third embodiment, the images of a testing area are taken when the brush 140 is at the same end of the testing area. Taking the leftmost testing area 136 as an example, the image of the leftmost testing area 136 is taken when the brush 140 is at the left end. In this way, the image of the leftmost testing area 136 is taken when it is covered with less slurry, this is advantageous for the detection of the worn-out pixels because less cumulated slurry covers the leftmost testing area 136.
[0036] The control device 90 buffers the received images in an image queue at step 520 and calculate a standard image based on a number p of the buffered images at step 530. In an embodiment, the captured images are buffered at step 520. In another embodiment, the image region of the testing area 136 may be obtained from the captured image, and the images including only the testing area 136 are buffered. In an embodiment, at step 530, the intensities of the first p ones of the buffered images are averaged to obtain an average image, then the intensity of the average image is multiplied by a factor f1 to obtain the standard image. The intensities of the respective pixels in the standard image may be used as respective thresholds to detect whether a pixel in an image can be taken as a worn-out pixel. In the auto-scrub resistance test system 300, it’s a problem that the brightness over the test areas 136 is not even, particularly, the closer to light source 190, the brighter, and the further to light source 190, the darker. The standard image obtained at step 530 provides a respective threshold to every pixel inside the testing area 136, so that the problem caused by the uneven brightness from the light source 190 may be addressed. The number p of the buffered images and the factor f1 may be preconfigured. In an embodiment, the number p may be an integer chosen from a range 1≤p<200, the factor f1 may be a float number chosen from a range 0.1≤f1<1 or 1<f1<10. The number p may be preconfigured based on the thickness of the test specimen 130. In an embodiment, the number p may be an integer chosen from a range 1≤p≤20 when the thickness of the test specimen 130 is below 50 micrometer (μm) . In an embodiment, the number p may be an integer chosen from a range 21≤p≤50 when the thickness of the test specimen 130 is between 50μm and 150μm. In an embodiment, the number p may be an integer chosen from a range 51≤p<200 when the thickness of the test specimen 130 is larger than 150μm. In an embodiment, the factor f1 may be a float number chosen from a range 0.1≤f1<1when the intensity of the pixels of the average image is higher than the intensity of the base surface 120. In an embodiment, the factor f1 may be a float number chosen from a range 1<f1<10 when the intensity of the pixels of the average image is lower than the intensity of the base surface 120.
[0037] The control device 90 continues to receive images from the camera 30 at step 540 and buffers the images at step 550. As described above, the buffered images may be the captured images, and may also be the images including only the testing area 136. The buffer employed at step 550 may be a first-in-first-out (FIFO) buffer, which may contain a number m of latest consecutive images. The control device 90 may average the intensities of the m buffered images to obtain an average image at step 560. In the auto-scrub resistance test system 300, bubbles are possible to appear and the scrub medium may be cumulated temporarily in the testing areas 136 while the brush 140 moves with the scrub medium being provided. It’s a problem that the bubbles and cumulated scrub medium such as slurry will generate shadows inside the testing area. The pixel values inside those shadows could be smaller than the pixel values inside worn-out area and thus may bring noise for the detection of worn-out pixels. Moreover, as described in the above third embodiment, picking up images of a testing area 136 when the brush 140 is at the same end as the testing area 136 would be advantageous for the detection of the worn-out pixels because less cumulated slurry covers the testing area. A problem in this embodiment lies in that the synchronization between camera 30 and brush movement may be lost once in thousands of times, when this happens, the brush’s shadow or even the brush itself may enter the testing area 136. The pixel values inside the shadow or inside the brush could be smaller than the pixel values inside worn-out area and thus may bring noise for the detection of worn-out pixels. The average image obtained at step 560 is used to alleviate the noises caused by the possible bubbles and shadows as explained in the above embodiments. In an embodiment, the number m of the latest consecutive images is an integer chosen between 3 and 10 for most of the cases. For example, the number m may be set to 5. In an embodiment, the number m of the latest consecutive images is an integer chosen between 10 and 20 for high noise situations, for example, thick slurry cumulation, big amount of bubbles covering the test specimen 130, frequently lose synchronization between scrub brush movement and image acquisition, etc. In an embodiment, the number m of the latest consecutive images is an integer chosen between 1 and 20.
[0038] The control device 90 may perform pixel-by-pixel analysis for the average image to find out worn-out pixels at step 570. Fig. 5B illustrates a process of the image analysis at step 570 according to an embodiment. At step 5710, for every pixel in the average image obtained at step 560, if 1) its intensity value is below the intensity value of corresponding pixel in the standard image obtained at step 530 and higher than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down, or 2) its intensity value is above the intensity value of corresponding pixel in the standard image obtained at step 530 and lower than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down, the counter value of the corresponding pixel is increased by 1. Taking the leftmost testing area 136 shown in Fig. 2 as an example, the counter values of the testing area 136 may be implemented by a matrix having rows and columns of counter values corresponding to the rows and columns of pixels of the testing area 136. The matrix having the counter values may be referred to as a vote matrix. Then, at step 5710, for every pixel in the average image obtained at step 560, if 1) its intensity value is below the intensity value of corresponding pixel in the standard image obtained at step 530 and higher than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down, or 2) its intensity value is above the intensity value of corresponding pixel in the standard image obtained at step 530 and lower than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down, the counter value of the corresponding pixel in the vote matrix is increased by 1. At step 5720, for every pixel in the average image obtained at step 560, if its corresponding counter value reaches a counter threshold, the corresponding pixel is determined as a worn-out pixel. Then the worn-out pixels may be identified in the vote matrix. The average image obtained at step 560 are used to alleviate the noises caused by the possible bubbles and shadows as explained in the above embodiments, however, only use the average image obtained at step 560 may not surely remove the noises all the time, especially for the noise brought by the random loss of synchronization between scrub brush movement and image acquisition. The counter threshold employed at step 5720 is used to additionally remove the noise caused by the possible bubbles and shadows. In an embodiment, the counter threshold is an integer chosen between 5 and 15 for most of the cases. For example, the counter threshold may be set to 10 when the number m may be set to 5. In an embodiment, the counter threshold is an integer chosen between 15 and 30 for high noise situations.
[0039] At step 580, the control device 90 determines an area formed of worn-out pixels according to the vote matrix and determine the size of the area. For example, the control device 90 may identify one or more areas, each of which is formed of connected worn-out pixels in the vote matrix. And the control device 90 may determine the width and length of each area. According to the image resolution and the view-size of the camera, the physical length and width of a testing area may be converted to the number of pixels in the image, that is to say, one pixel in the captured image may represent a physical distance. For example, in an implementation, one pixel corresponds to 0.0794 millimeter (mm) . Then the width and length of each area may be represented by the number of pixels in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the area and may also be represented by the physical distances converted from the number of pixels in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the area. The horizontal direction may refer to the direction in which the brush 140 moves back and forth.
[0040] At step 590, the control device 90 determines whether the size of any one area formed of the connected worn-out pixels is larger than a threshold size, which may include a first threshold and a second threshold. The first and second thresholds may be predefined parameters. In an implementation, the first and second thresholds may be defined in a scrub resistance test standard, examples of such standard include ASTM-D2486, GB-T9266, or the like. For example, the first and second thresholds are set to 5mm and 0.23mm, which correspond to 63 pixels in length and 3 pixels in width in the above example of one pixel corresponding to 0.0794 mm. If both the width and the length of an area identified in step 580 are larger than the first threshold and the second threshold respectively, the control device 90 determines that the testing area 136 of the coating 130 has been worn out, and records the number of the cycles that the brush 140 has moved back and forth from the beginning of the test up to now at step 595. Moreover, the control device 90 may also record that size of the identified worn-out area. The control device 90 may perform other operations, for example, displaying the testing results to the user. If the judgement at step 590 is negative, the process goes back to step 540 to repeat the operations at steps 540 to 590.
[0041] Fig. 6 illustrates an exemplary process for an auto-scrub resistance test method according to an embodiment.
[0042] The control device 90 is configured to start the process of the auto-scrub resistance test, including the operations of the scrub machine 10, the scrub medium delivery system 40, the camera 30 and so on. Once the test process starts, the control device 90 receives images from the camera 30 at step 610. As exampled above, the images of the specimens 130 may be captured by the camera 30 when the brush 140 is at an end of the path 150.
[0043] The control device 90 buffers the received images in an image queue at step 620. The control device 90 calculates a standard image based on a number q of latest consecutive images of the buffered images at step 630, and calculates an average image based on a number m of latest consecutive images of the buffered images at step 640, where m<q. In an embodiment, at step 630, the intensities of the last q ones of the buffered images are averaged to obtain an average image, then the intensity of the average image is multiplied by a factor f2 to obtain the standard image. The intensities of the respective pixels in the standard image may be used as respective thresholds to detect whether a pixel in an image can be taken as a worn-out pixel. The number q of the buffered images and the factor f2 may be preconfigured. In an embodiment, the number q may be an integer chosen from a range 1<q≤200, the factor f2 may be a float number chosen from a range 0<f2<1 or 1<f2<10. The number q may be preconfigured based on the thickness of the test specimen 130. In an embodiment, the number q may be an integer chosen from a range 1<q≤20 when the thickness of the test specimen 130 is below 50μm. In an embodiment, the number q may be an integer chosen from a range 21≤q≤50 when the thickness of the test specimen 130 is between 50μm and 150μm. In an embodiment, the number q may be an integer chosen from a range 51≤q<200 when the thickness of the test specimen 130 is larger than 150μm. In an embodiment, the factor f2 may be a float number chosen from a range 0.1≤f2<1when the intensity of the pixels of the average image of the q images is higher than the intensity of the base surface 120. In an embodiment, the factor f2 may be a float number chosen from a range 1<f2<10 when the intensity of the pixels of the average image of the q images is lower than the intensity of the base surface 120.
[0044] The operations of the step 640, 650, 660, 670, 680 are similar to the operations of the steps 560, 570, 580, 590, 595, and thus are not explained in detail. If both the width and the length of an area identified in step 660 are larger than the first threshold and the second threshold respectively at step 670, the control device 90 determines that the testing area 136 of the coating 130 has been worn out, and records the number of the cycles that the brush 140 has moved back and forth from the beginning of the test up to now at step 680. If the judgement at step 670 is negative, the process goes back to step 610 to repeat the operations at steps 610 to 670.
[0045] Figs. 7A and 7B illustrates an exemplary process for determining inspection areas of parallel coatings according to an embodiment. As illustrated in Fig. 7A, a single coating 130 is applied on the base surface 120. In this embodiment, only one coating can be tested on one scrub device once a time. As illustrated in Fig. 7B, a plurality of coatings 130 are drawn-down on one base surface 120 of the substrate. In this embodiment, multiple coatings, for example the illustrated four coatings, can be tested on one scrub device once a time. In this way, the testing efficiency may be improved.
[0046] For the side-by-side coatings as illustrated in Fig, 7B, coating boundaries 135 may be identified and then testing areas 136 may be identified based on the coating boundaries. In the illustrated embodiment, the four coatings are drawn with different colors, therefore the coating boundaries 135 may be identified based on the different colors. Then the center area of each coating area bounded by the boundaries 135 may be identified as the testing area 136 for inspecting the worn-out areas. That is to say, the areas that are close to the boundaries 135 are excluded from the testing areas 136. For example, the areas that are in a distance threshold to the boundaries 135 are excluded from the testing areas 136.
[0047] Figs. 8A to 8C illustrate an exemplary process for determining inspection areas of parallel coatings according to an embodiment. As illustrated in Fig. 8A, a plurality of coatings 130 are drawn down on one base surface 120 of the substrate. In this embodiment, due to the drawn-down process of the multiple coatings 130, there is a “v” shape between two coating ends. As illustrated in Fig. 8B, the image of the coatings 130 may be binarized to a binary image, and then the contour 131 of the coating area of all the coatings may be identified based on the binary image, and the points 132 at the “v” shape contour may be identified as the possible boundary positions. It is appreciated that the term “v” shape is used to represent a contour’s shape that is similar to the letter “v” , but it is not required that the shape of the contour part is a perfect “v” shape. Shapes of a contour part that is similar to the “v” shape, for example, a contour shape like “v” having a bottom which is relatively flat, may also be referred to as “v” shape and are accordingly under the scope of “v” shape. As illustrated in Fig. 8C, then the center area of each coating area bounded by the boundaries 135 may be identified as the testing area 136 for inspecting the worn-out areas. In an embodiment, if no “v” shape is identified, the process may determine that there is a single coating on the base surface 120 of the substrate, and then may identify the center area of the single coating area bounded by the contour 131 as the testing area 136 for inspecting the worn-out areas. In an embodiment, the center area used as the testing area 136 for a single coating may be configurable by a user.
[0048] Fig. 9 illustrates an exemplary method for auto-scrub resistance test according to an embodiment.
[0049] At step 910, a series of digital image of at least a portion of a test specimen is captured, wherein the test specimen is located on a base surface of a scrub machine and a scrub device is scrubbing the test specimen.
[0050] At step 920, each section of the image is analyzed to determine a corresponding area is worn-out.
[0051] At step 930, the testing result including a number of worn-out cycles is received. The testing result may also include the width and length of worn-out area.
[0052] In an embodiment, a section is detected as worn-out according to the intensity value of this section in at least m consecutive images in the series; wherein m is an integer and 1≤m≤20, preferred 3≤m≤10.
[0053] In an embodiment, the image analysis at step 920 comprising analyzing each section of the image pixel by pixel by applying three values to each pixel: an intensity standard, a counter and a counter threshold; wherein the m consecutive images are the last m consecutive images in the series; the intensity value is an average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the last m consecutive images; the intensity value is calculated and compared with the intensity standard; the counter will increase when 1) the intensity value is below the intensity standard and higher than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down, or 2) the intensity value is above the intensity standard and lower than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down; and when the counter value reaches the counter threshold, the pixel is considered worn-out; each worn-out area is formed by the connected worn-out pixels.
[0054] In an embodiment, the method 900 further comprises applying an image series y with the first p consecutive images obtained at the beginning of the test, and an average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the first p consecutive images is calculated and multiplied by f1, and the result of multiplication is the intensity standard of step 920, wherein: p is an integer and 1≤p<200; and f1 is a float number, and 0.1≤f1<1 or 1<f1<10.
[0055] In an embodiment, 1≤p≤20 when the thickness of the test specimen is below 50μm.
[0056] In an embodiment, 21≤p≤50 when the thickness of the test specimen is between 50μm and 150μm. In an embodiment, 51≤p<200 when the thickness of the test specimen is over 150μm.
[0057] In an embodiment, 0.1≤f1<1 when the average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the first p consecutive images is higher than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down. In an embodiment, 1<f1<10 when the average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the first p consecutive images is lower than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down.
[0058] In an embodiment, the method 900 further comprises applying an image series z with the last q consecutive images, and an average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the last q consecutive images is calculated and multiplied by f2, and the result of multiplication is the intensity standard of step 920, wherein: q is an integer and 1<q≤200; f2 is a float number, and 0<f2<1 or 1<f2<10; and q>m.
[0059] In an embodiment, 1<q≤20 when the thickness of the test specimen is below 50μm. In an embodiment, 21≤q≤50 when the thickness of the test specimen is between 50μm and 150μm. In an embodiment, 51≤q≤200 when the thickness of the test specimen is over 150μm.
[0060] In an embodiment, 0.1≤f2<1when the average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the last q consecutive images is higher than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down. In an embodiment, 1<f2<10 when the average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the last q consecutive images is lower than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down.
[0061] In a preferred embodiment, this method is used when the intensity of the specimens is much higher or lower than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw down.
[0062] In an embodiment, for step 910 there are more than one test specimens draw-down on the base surface of the substrate.
[0063] Fig. 10 illustrates an exemplary computing system 1000 according to an embodiment. The computing system 1000 may comprise at least one processor 1010. The computing system 1000 may further comprise at least one storage device 1020. The storage device 1020 may store computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the processor 1010 to perform any operations according to the embodiments of the present disclosure as described in connection with FIGs. 1-9.
[0064] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be embodied in a computer-readable medium such as non-transitory computer-readable medium. The non-transitory computer-readable medium may comprise instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform any operations according to the embodiments of the present disclosure as described in connection with FIGs. 1-9.
[0065] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be embodied in a computer program product comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform any operations according to the embodiments of the present disclosure as described in connection with FIGs. 1-9.
[0066] The computing system 1000 may be a part of the auto-scrub resistance test system 1 or 300 illustrated in Fig. 1 or 3, and particularly may corresponds to the control device 90 of the auto-scrub resistance test system 1 or 300.
[0067] In an embodiment, the auto-scrub resistance test system 1 or 300 for monitoring worn-out of a specimen may comprises: a scrub machine having a scrub device mounted for movement over a defined path upon which the coating area on substrate is adapted to be placed at the center of this movement path; an image acquisition machine located above the defined path in a test monitoring area; a light source; and an image analysis system to collect images, perform image analysis, and show test result according to the method of the embodiments of the present disclosure as described in connection with FIGs. 1-9.
[0068] In an embodiment, the image analysis system stores the image data from the image acquisition machine.
[0069] In an embodiment, wherein the image acquisition machine comprises a camera.
[0070] In an embodiment, the auto-scrub resistance test system further comprises a scrub medium delivery system which delivers a scrub medium to the surface of specimen.
[0071] In an embodiment, the auto-scrub resistance test system further comprises an image display.
[0072] In an embodiment, the method or the auto-scrub resistance test system of the embodiments of the present disclosure as described in connection with FIGs. 1-10 may be used to test worn-out of a specimen. In an embodiment, the method or the auto-scrub resistance test system of the embodiments of the present disclosure as described in connection with FIGs. 1-8 may be used to test worn-out of a specimen according to standard ASTM-D2486 or GB-T9266, such as ASTM-D2486 (2017) or GB-T9266 (2009) .
[0073] It should be appreciated that all the operations in the methods described above are merely exemplary, and the present disclosure is not limited to any operations in the methods or sequence orders of these operations, and should cover all other equivalents under the same or similar concepts.
[0074] It should also be appreciated that all the modules in the apparatuses described above may be implemented in various approaches. These modules may be implemented as hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Moreover, any of these modules may be further functionally divided into sub-modules or combined together.
[0075] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout the present disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims.
Claims
1.A method for auto-scrub resistance test comprising the following steps:(a) capturing a series of digital images of at least a portion of a test specimen, wherein the test specimen is located on a base surface of a machine and a scrub device is scrubbing the test specimen;(b) analyzing each section of the image to determine a corresponding area is worn-out;(c) receiving testing result including a number of worn-out cycles;wherein, a section is detected as worn-out according to the intensity value of this section in at least m consecutive images in the series; wherein m is an integer and 1≤m≤20, preferred 3≤m≤10.2.The method of claim 1, step (b) comprising analyzing each section of the image pixel by pixel by applying three values to each pixel: an intensity standard, a counter and a counter threshold; wherein the m consecutive images are the last m consecutive images in the series; the intensity value is an average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the last m consecutive images; the intensity value is calculated and compared with the intensity standard; the counter will increase when 1) the intensity value is below the intensity standard and higher than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down, or 2) the intensity value is above the intensity standard and lower than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down; and when the counter value reaches the counter threshold, the pixel is considered worn-out; each worn-out area is formed by the connected worn-out pixels.3.The method of claim 2, wherein an average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the first p consecutive images is calculated and multiplied by f1, and the result of multiplication is the intensity standard of step (b) , wherein:p is an integer and 1≤p<200; andf1 is a float number, and 0.1≤f1<1 or 1<f1<10.4.The method of claim 3, 1≤p≤20 when the thickness of the test specimen is below 50μm.5.The method of claim 3, 21≤p≤50 when the thickness of the test specimen is between 50μm and 150μm.6.The method of claim 3, 51≤p<200 when the thickness of the test specimen is over 150μm.7.The method of any one of claims 3 to 6, 0.1≤f1<1 when the average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the first p consecutive images is higher than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down.8.The method of any one of claims 3 to 6, 1<f1<10 when the average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the first p consecutive images is lower than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down.9.The method of claim 2, wherein an average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the last q consecutive images is calculated and multiplied by f2, and the result of multiplication is the intensity standard of step (b) , wherein:q is an integer and 1<q≤200;f2 is a float number, and 0<f2<1 or 1<f2<10; andq>m.10.The method of claim 9, 1<q≤20 when the thickness of the test specimen is below 50μm.11.The method of claim 9, 21≤q≤50 when the thickness of the test specimen is between 50μm and 150μm.12.The method of claim 9, 51≤q≤200 when the thickness of the test specimen is over 150μm.13.The method of any one of claims 9 to 12, 0.1≤f2<1when the average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the last q consecutive images is higher than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down.14.The method of any one of claims 9 to 12, 1<f2<10 when the average intensity of the pixels on the same position of the last q consecutive images is lower than the intensity of the base surface of the substrate on which specimens are draw-down.15.The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, for step (a) there are more than one test specimens draw-down on the base surface of the substrate.16.An auto-scrub resistance test system for monitoring worn-out of a specimen, comprising:(i) a scrub machine having a scrub device mounted for movement over a defined path upon which the coating area on substrate is adapted to be placed in the defined path;(ii) an image acquisition machine located above the defined path in a test monitoring area;(iii) and an image analysis system to perform image analysis according to the method of claims 1 to 15.17.The auto-scrub resistance test system of claim 16, wherein the image analysis system stores the image data from the image acquisition machine.18.The auto-scrub resistance test system of claim 16 or 17, wherein the image acquisition machine comprises a camera.19.The auto-scrub resistance test system of any of claims 16 to 18, further comprising a scrub medium delivery system which delivers a scrub medium to the surface of specimen.20.The auto-scrub resistance test system of any of claims 16 to 19, further comprising an image display.21.Use of the method of claims 1 to 15 to test worn-out of specimen.22.Use of the method of claims 1 to 15 to test worn-out of specimen according to standard ASTM-D2486 or GB-T9266.23.Use of the auto-scrub resistance test system of any of claims 16 to 19 to test worn-out of specimen.24.A computer program product comprising computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause one or more processors to perform the method according to claims 1 to 15.
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