Nuclear fusion reactor blanket

Abstract

A blanket 28 comprises: an outer wall 40 including a front outer wall 40a facing a nuclear fusion plasma P; an inner wall 42 provided at an inner side 42 of the outer wall 40a and including a front inner wall 42a facing the front outer wall at a side away from the nuclear fusion plasma P; an outer flow passage 48 formed between the outer wall 40a and the inner wall 42a, and through which a first fluid flows; and an inner flow passage 50 formed inside the inner wall 42 and through which a second fluid flows, the second fluid being the same as the first fluid.

Description

Fusion reactor blanket

[0001] The present disclosure relates to blankets for nuclear fusion reactors.

[0002] A fusion reactor generates a fusion reaction by converting fuel into plasma within a vacuum vessel. A blanket is provided on the inner surface of the vacuum vessel to protect the inner surface of the vacuum vessel from the plasma. The blanket may further have a fuel production function that produces fuel using neutrons produced by the fusion reaction, and a heat exchange function that extracts heat generated by the fusion reaction to the outside. For example, a blanket structure has been proposed that includes a housing containing raw materials including lithium for producing the fuel tritium, and a cooling channel for flowing a coolant around the housing to recover heat.

[0003] [Patent Document 1] JP 2018-124178 A General disclosure

[0004] (Problem to be solved) From the viewpoint of efficiently utilizing the thermal energy extracted from the fusion reactor, it is preferable that the temperature of the fluid discharged from the blanket is as high as possible, while from the viewpoint of protecting the inner surface of the vacuum vessel from plasma, it is preferable that the temperature of the fluid flowing inside the blanket is as low as possible.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has an object to provide a blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor that can extract high-temperature fluid while protecting the inner surface of the vacuum vessel from plasma.

[0006] A fusion reactor blanket according to an aspect of the present disclosure may include an outer wall including a front outer wall facing the fusion plasma. The fusion reactor blanket may include an inner wall provided inside the outer wall and including a front inner wall facing the front outer wall on the side opposite the fusion plasma. The fusion reactor blanket may include an outer flow path formed between the outer wall and the inner wall, through which a first fluid flows. The fusion reactor blanket may include an inner flow path formed inside the inner wall, through which a second fluid identical to the first fluid flows.

[0007] The fusion reactor blanket may further include a double discharge pipe having an outer pipe through which the first fluid discharged from the outer flow path flows and an inner pipe through which the second fluid discharged from the inner flow path flows.

[0008] A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises an outer wall, an inner wall provided inside the outer wall, an outer flow path formed between the outer wall and the inner wall and through which a first fluid flows, an inner flow path formed inside the inner wall and through which a second fluid flows, and a double discharge pipe having an outer pipe through which the first fluid discharged from the outer flow path flows and an inner pipe through which the second fluid discharged from the inner flow path flows.

[0009] In any of the fusion reactor blankets, the temperature of the second fluid flowing through the double exhaust pipe may be higher than the temperature of the first fluid flowing through the double exhaust pipe during operation of the fusion reactor.

[0010] In any of the above-described blankets for a fusion reactor, the volume of the inner flow passage may be larger than the volume of the outer flow passage.

[0011] Any of the fusion reactor blankets may further include a supply pipe through which a fluid is supplied, and a flow divider that divides the fluid supplied from the supply pipe into the first fluid flowing toward the outer flow path and the second fluid flowing toward the inner flow path.

[0012] In any of the fusion reactor blankets, the flow divider may be configured to divide the fluid so that the flow rate of the first fluid toward the outer flow path is greater than the flow rate of the second fluid toward the inner flow path.

[0013] In any of the above-described fusion reactor blankets, the fluid may contain lithium.

[0014] In any of the above fusion reactor blankets, the fluid may be a liquid metal.

[0015] In any of the above-described fusion reactor blankets, at least one of the outer wall and the inner wall may comprise silicon carbide.

[0016] In any of the above-described blankets for a fusion reactor, the outer wall may further include a first side outer wall and a second side outer wall extending in a direction away from the front outer wall. The outer flow path may include a front outer flow path through which the first fluid flows along the front outer wall, an outer inlet path through which the first fluid flows along the first side outer wall toward the front outer flow path, and an outer outlet path through which the first fluid flows along the second side outer wall in a direction away from the front outer flow path.

[0017] In any of the fusion reactor blankets described above, the outer wall may include a front outer wall facing the fusion plasma, and first and second side outer walls extending in a direction away from the front outer wall. The outer flow path may include a front outer flow path through which the first fluid flows along the front outer wall, an outer inlet path through which the first fluid flows along the first side outer wall toward the front outer flow path, and an outer outlet path through which the first fluid flows from the front outer flow path along the second side outer wall toward the double discharge pipe. The inner wall may include a front inner wall facing the front outer wall on the side opposite the fusion plasma.

[0018] In any of the above-described blankets for a nuclear fusion reactor, the inner wall may further include a first side inner wall and a second side inner wall extending in a direction away from the front inner wall, and a back inner wall facing the front inner wall on the opposite side from the front outer wall. The inner flow path may further include a front inner flow path through which the second fluid flows between the front inner wall and the back inner wall, an inner inlet path through which the second fluid flows along the first side inner wall toward the front inner flow path, and an inner outlet path through which the second fluid flows along the second side inner wall in a direction away from the front inner flow path.

[0019] In any of the above-described blankets for a nuclear fusion reactor, the outer wall may further include a third side outer wall and a fourth side outer wall arranged opposite each other with the front outer wall, the first side outer wall, the second side outer wall, the front inner wall, the first side inner wall, the second side inner wall, and the rear inner wall interposed therebetween.

[0020] In any of the above-mentioned blankets for a nuclear fusion reactor, the third side outer wall and the fourth side outer wall may be connected to the front outer wall, the first side outer wall, the second side outer wall, the front inner wall, the first side inner wall, the second side inner wall, and the rear inner wall, respectively.

[0021] In any one of the above-described blankets for a fusion reactor, a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the front outer flow path may be smaller than a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the outer inlet flow path.

[0022] In any of the above-described blankets for a fusion reactor, a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the outer outlet channel may be smaller than a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the outer inlet channel.

[0023] In any one of the above-described blankets for a fusion reactor, a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the front outer flow path may be smaller than a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the front inner flow path.

[0024] Any of the fusion reactor blankets may further include a support structure that supports the first outer side wall.

[0025] In any one of the above-described blankets for a nuclear fusion reactor, the outer wall may further include a rear outer wall facing the rear inner wall on an opposite side from the front inner wall, and the outer flow path may further include a rear outer flow path along the rear outer wall through which the first fluid flows.

[0026] According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor from which a high-temperature coolant can be extracted.

[0027] 7A is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fusion reactor according to an embodiment; FIG. 7B is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a blanket according to an embodiment; FIG. 7C is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fluid flow path outside a vacuum vessel; FIG. 7D is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a blanket according to another embodiment; FIG. 7E is a perspective view of the exterior of a blanket according to one embodiment; FIG. 7F is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fluid flow path outside a vacuum vessel; FIG. 7G is a diagram showing a cross-sectional view of a blanket according to one embodiment; FIG. 7G is a cross-sectional view of a blanket according to one embodiment; FIG. 7H ...

[0028] Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail. Note that the configurations described below are examples and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. Furthermore, in the description of the drawings, the same elements are given the same reference numerals, and duplicate explanations will be omitted as appropriate. Furthermore, in the drawings referred to in the following description, the size and thickness of each component are for the convenience of explanation and do not necessarily represent the actual dimensions or ratios.

[0029] Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fusion reactor 10 according to an embodiment. The fusion reactor 10 shown in Fig. 1 is a type that confines fusion plasma P using a magnetic field, and is particularly a tokamak-type device. The fusion reactor 10 has a structure that extends in a doughnut shape around a central axis CL.

[0030] In this disclosure, the direction in which the central axis CL extends is sometimes referred to as the axial direction, the direction away from the central axis CL is sometimes referred to as the radial direction, and the direction perpendicular to the axial and radial directions is sometimes referred to as the circumferential direction. Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the circumferential direction.

[0031] The fusion reactor 10 comprises a vacuum vessel 12 , a toroidal coil 14 , a poloidal coil 16 , and a center solenoid coil 18 .

[0032] The vacuum vessel 12 contains the nuclear fusion plasma P. The cross section of the vacuum vessel 12 perpendicular to the circumferential direction is D-shaped. The vacuum vessel 12 encloses an internal space that extends in a doughnut shape in the circumferential direction. The vacuum vessel 12 can be made of a metal material such as stainless steel.

[0033] The toroidal coil 14, the poloidal coil 16, and the center solenoid coil 18 are, for example, superconducting coils, and generate a confinement magnetic field inside the vacuum vessel 12. The confinement magnetic field is a composite magnetic field obtained by combining the magnetic fields generated by the toroidal coil 14, the poloidal coil 16, and the center solenoid coil 18.

[0034] The toroidal coil 14 extends in a D-shape along the outer periphery of the vacuum vessel 12 in a cross section perpendicular to the circumferential direction. Multiple toroidal coils 14 are arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction. The poloidal coil 16 extends in an annular shape in the circumferential direction around the central axis CL. Multiple poloidal coils 16 are arranged radially outside the vacuum vessel 12 and are arranged at intervals in the axial direction. The center solenoid coil 18 is arranged radially inside the vacuum vessel 12 and is arranged along the central axis CL.

[0035] The vacuum vessel 12 is provided with multiple ports, including an upper port 20, a central port 22, and a lower port 24. The upper port 20 is used, for example, to introduce fuel into the vacuum vessel 12. A fuel mixture containing, for example, deuterium and tritium can be used as the fuel. The central port 22 is used, for example, to introduce energy from outside to heat the fusion plasma P. The energy used to heat the fusion plasma P can be, for example, high frequency waves output from a gyrotron (not shown) or a neutral particle beam output from a neutral particle beam device (not shown). The lower port 24 is used, for example, to discharge impurities such as helium generated by the fusion and particle waste such as particulate fuel mixture.

[0036] A divertor 26 is provided at the bottom of the vacuum vessel 12. The divertor 26 collects impurities and particle waste generated in the fusion plasma P and discharges them to the outside of the vacuum vessel 12 through the lower port 24. The divertor 26 is provided, for example, directly below the null point Q of the confinement magnetic field. The divertor 26 includes an exhaust device 30, such as a diffusion pump or a cryopump, for discharging the impurities and particle waste, and a protective plate 32, such as a diverter plate, for protecting the exhaust device 30 from the fusion plasma P.

[0037] A plurality of blankets 28 are provided on the inner surface of the vacuum vessel 12. The plurality of blankets 28 are provided to protect the vacuum vessel 12 from the fusion plasma P. The plurality of blankets 28 are provided so as to cover, without gaps, the portions of the inner surface of the vacuum vessel 12 that may be exposed to the fusion plasma P.

[0038] The blanket 28 has at least one of a heat exchange function, a fuel production function, and a shielding function. The heat exchange function is a function of extracting thermal energy to the outside of the vacuum vessel 12 using a coolant flowing inside the blanket 28. The fuel production function is a function of arranging raw materials for producing fuel inside the blanket 28 and producing fuel from the raw materials by nuclear transmutation using neutrons generated in the fusion plasma P. The shielding function is a function of shielding neutrons and gamma rays generated in the fusion plasma P to prevent them from leaking outside the vacuum vessel 12.

[0039] Fig. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a blanket 28 according to an embodiment. The blanket 28 is a blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor that is placed inside the vacuum vessel 12 of the nuclear fusion reactor 10 shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the circumferential direction.

[0040] The blanket 28 includes an outer wall 40, an inner wall 42, a supply pipe 44, and a discharge pipe 46. The blanket 28 includes an outer flow passage 48 formed between the outer wall 40 and the inner wall 42, an inner flow passage 50 formed inside the inner wall 42, and a flow divider 52. The fluid supplied from the supply pipe 44 is divided into the outer flow passage 48 and the inner flow passage 50 by the flow divider 52. The fluid that has passed through the outer flow passage 48 or the inner flow passage 50 is discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 46. In Figure 2, the flow of the fluid is schematically indicated by arrows.

[0041] The fluid supplied from the supply pipe 44 is a coolant for cooling the blanket 28 and extracting thermal energy from the blanket 28 to the outside. If the blanket 28 has a fuel production function, a coolant containing lithium, which is a raw material for producing tritium, a fuel, can be used. In this case, the fluid may be a liquid metal containing lithium, such as liquid lithium or liquid lithium lead, or a molten salt containing lithium, such as lithium beryllium fluoride (FLiBe). If the blanket 28 does not have a fuel production function, a fluid not containing lithium, such as helium or carbon dioxide, may be used.

[0042] The fluid flowing through the outer flow path 48 or the inner flow path 50 functions as a refrigerant for cooling the blanket 28. The temperature of the fluid supplied from the supply pipe 44 is, for example, about 300°C to 400°C. The first fluid flowing through the outer flow path 48 is heated to, for example, about 500°C to 600°C, and then discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 46. The second fluid flowing through the inner flow path 50 is heated to, for example, about 900°C to 1000°C, and then discharged to the outside through the discharge pipe 46. The temperature difference between the first fluid and the second fluid discharged from the discharge pipe 46 is, for example, 100°C or more, 200°C or more, 300°C or more, or 400°C or more.

[0043] The discharge pipe 46 has an outer pipe 54 through which the first fluid discharged from the outer flow path 48 flows, and an inner pipe 56 through which the second fluid discharged from the inner flow path 50 flows. The discharge pipe 46 is a double pipe, and can be called a double discharge pipe. By using a double discharge pipe, the first fluid and the second fluid, which are at different temperatures, can be discharged separately without mixing. As a result, a high-temperature second fluid, for example, at approximately 900°C to 1000°C, can be taken out. Furthermore, by flowing the low-temperature first fluid outside the inner pipe 56 through which the high-temperature second fluid flows, structures such as the vacuum vessel 12 can be thermally protected from the high-temperature second fluid.

[0044] The outer wall 40 forms a housing that houses the outer flow path 48 and the inner flow path 50. The outer wall 40 has, for example, a rectangular box shape. The outer wall 40 includes a front outer wall 40a, a rear outer wall 40b, a first side outer wall 40c, and a second side outer wall 40d. The front outer wall 40a is the first wall that faces the fusion plasma P. The rear outer wall 40b is located on the opposite side of the front outer wall 40a across the outer flow path 48 and the inner flow path 50. The rear outer wall 40b faces, for example, the inner surface 34 of the vacuum vessel 12. A supply pipe 44 and an exhaust pipe 46 are attached to the rear outer wall 40b. In the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, the rear outer wall 40b can be formed to extend in a C-shape or a U-shape from the supply pipe 44 to the exhaust pipe 46. The first and second side outer walls 40c, 40d extend away from the front outer wall 40a toward the back outer wall 40b. The first side outer wall 40c extends from the front outer wall 40a toward the supply pipe 44. The second side outer wall 40d extends from the front outer wall 40a toward the discharge pipe 46.

[0045] The inner wall 42 is provided inside the outer wall 40. The inner wall 42 is a partition that separates the outer flow path 48 and the inner flow path 50. The inner wall 42 can also be said to be a container that houses the inner flow path 50. The inner wall 42 may be configured to have a double structure, or may have a structure in which an outer inner wall adjacent to the outer flow path 48 and an inner inner wall adjacent to the inner flow path 50 are stacked.

[0046] The inner wall 42 includes a front inner wall 42a, a rear inner wall 42b, a first side inner wall 42c, and a second side inner wall 42d. The front inner wall 42a faces the front outer wall 40a. The rear inner wall 42b faces the rear outer wall 40b. The rear inner wall 42b can be formed to extend in a C-shape or a U-shape from the flow divider 52 toward the discharge pipe 46 in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 2. The first side inner wall 42c faces the first outer side wall 40c. The second inner side wall 42d faces the second outer side wall 40d.

[0047] The outer wall 40 and the inner wall 42 are made of a material with excellent heat resistance that can withstand high temperatures of approximately 1000°C. The outer wall 40 and the inner wall 42 include, for example, silicon carbide (SiC), and are made of, for example, a SiC composite material. As the SiC composite material, for example, a SiC fiber-reinforced SiC composite material (SiCf / SiC) can be used. The outer wall 40 and the inner wall 42 may also be made of a high-melting-point metal material such as tungsten.

[0048] The front outer wall 40a may be provided with a protective layer 58 to protect the surface from the fusion plasma P. The protective layer 58 may be made of a high-melting-point metal material such as tungsten, a graphite material such as a carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite (CFC), or beryllium. In this case, the protective layer 58 functions as a first wall that resists the fusion plasma P. The protective layer 58 is not an essential component, and the front outer wall 40a may function as the first wall.

[0049] The outer flow passages 48 include a front outer flow passage 48a, a rear outer flow passage 48b, an outer inflow passage 48c, and an outer outflow passage 48d. The front outer flow passage 48a is formed between the front outer wall 40a and the front inner wall 42a. The outer rear flow passage 48b is formed between the rear outer wall 40b and the rear inner wall 42b. The outer inflow passage 48c is formed between the first side outer wall 40c and the first side inner wall 42c. The outer outflow passage 48d is formed between the second side outer wall 40d and the second side inner wall 42d.

[0050] The outer flow passage 48 has multiple flow passages extending from the flow divider 52 toward the discharge pipe 46. The outer flow passage 48 has a first outer flow passage and a second outer flow passage. The first outer flow passage is a flow passage that passes through the outer inlet flow passage 48c, the front outer flow passage 48a, and the outer outlet flow passage 48d in this order, and constitutes a C-shaped or U-shaped flow passage extending from the flow divider 52 toward the discharge pipe 46. The second outer flow passage is a flow passage that passes through the rear outer flow passage 48b, and constitutes a C-shaped or U-shaped flow passage extending from the flow divider 52 toward the discharge pipe 46.

[0051] The main purpose of the first outer flow passage 48a is to cool the front outer wall 40a, the surface of which is heated by the fusion plasma P. To efficiently cool the front outer wall 40a, the flow passage width Wa of the front outer flow passage 48a can be set relatively small. This increases the flow velocity of the first fluid in the front outer flow passage 48a, improving the cooling efficiency of the front outer wall 40a. The flow passage width Wa of the front outer flow passage 48a can be, for example, 1 mm or more, 3 mm or more, or 5 mm or more, and can be, for example, 20 mm or less, 15 mm or less, or 10 mm or less.

[0052] Furthermore, in order to increase the flow rate of the first fluid in the front outer flow passage 48a, the flow passage width Wc of the outer inlet passage 48c can be set relatively large. By increasing the flow rate of the first fluid, the cooling efficiency of the front outer wall 40a can be improved. The flow passage width Wc of the outer inlet passage 48c can be, for example, 5 mm or more, 10 mm or more, or 20 mm or more, and can be, for example, 50 mm or less, 40 mm or less, or 30 mm or less. Therefore, the flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the front outer flow passage 48a can be smaller than the flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the outer inlet passage 48c.

[0053] The first fluid, which has been heated in the front outer flow passage 48a and has a relatively high temperature, flows through the outer outlet passage 48d. To suppress heating of the first fluid in the outer outlet passage 48d, the flow passage width Wd of the outer outlet passage 48d can be set relatively small. This increases the flow velocity of the first fluid in the outer outlet passage 48d and suppresses a temperature increase of the first fluid heading toward the exhaust pipe 46. The flow passage width Wd of the outer outlet passage 48d can be, for example, 1 mm or more, 3 mm or more, or 5 mm or more, and can be, for example, 20 mm or less, 15 mm or less, or 10 mm or less. Therefore, the flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the outer outlet passage 48d can be smaller than the flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the outer inlet passage 48c. The flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the outer outlet passage 48d may be equal to, smaller than, or larger than the flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the front outer flow passage 48a.

[0054] The main purpose of the rear outer flow passage 48b, which is the second outer flow passage, is to block radiant heat from the high-temperature second fluid flowing through the inner flow passage 50. Because the first fluid flowing through the rear outer flow passage 48b is relatively low temperature, the first fluid flowing through the rear outer flow passage 48b can thermally protect the vacuum vessel 12. The flow passage width Wb of the rear outer flow passage 48b can be set to a size sufficient to block radiant heat. The flow passage width Wb of the rear outer flow passage 48b can be, for example, 5 mm or more, 10 mm or more, or 20 mm or more, and can be, for example, 50 mm or less, 40 mm or less, or 30 mm or less.

[0055] The flow path width Wb of the rear outer flow path 48b is, for example, larger than the flow path width Wa of the front outer flow path 48a and larger than the flow path width Wb of the outer outlet flow path 48d. Therefore, the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the rear outer flow path 48b can be larger than the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the front outer flow path 48a or the outer outlet flow path 48d. The flow path width Wb of the rear outer flow path 48b may be equal to, smaller than, or larger than the flow path width Wc of the outer inlet flow path 48c. Therefore, the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the rear outer flow path 48b may be equal to, smaller than, or larger than the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the outer inlet flow path 48c. The blanket 28 may include the front outer flow path 48a, the outer inlet flow path 48c, the outer outlet flow path 48d, and the inner flow path 50, but not the rear outer flow path 48b.

[0056] The inner flow path 50 includes a first heating chamber 50a, a second heating chamber 50b, an inner inlet channel 50c, and an inner outlet channel 50d. The first heating chamber 50a and the second heating chamber 50b are formed between the front inner wall 42a and the rear inner wall 42b. The inner inlet channel 50c is formed between the rear inner wall 42b and the first side inner wall 42c. The inner outlet channel 50d is formed between the rear inner wall 42b and the second side inner wall 42d.

[0057] A reinforcing wall 60 is provided between the first heating chamber 50a and the second heating chamber 50b. The reinforcing wall 60 has a plurality of flow holes 62 for passing the second fluid. The reinforcing wall 60 extends from the front inner wall 42a to the rear inner wall 42b. Note that the reinforcing wall 60 is not an essential component and may not be provided. In this case, a single heating chamber may be provided that occupies the first heating chamber 50a and the second heating chamber 50b. Alternatively, multiple reinforcing walls may be provided between the front inner wall 42a and the rear inner wall 42b, and the multiple reinforcing walls may be arranged at intervals in the direction from the first side inner wall 42c to the second side inner wall 42d. In this case, three or more heating chambers separated by multiple reinforcing walls may be provided.

[0058] The inner flow path 50 forms a C- or U-shaped flow path that passes through the inner inlet path 50c, the first heating chamber 50a, the second heating chamber 50b, and the inner outlet path 50d in this order from the flow divider 52 toward the exhaust pipe 46. The second fluid flowing through the inner flow path 50 is volumetrically heated by nuclear reactions with neutrons from the fusion plasma P and neutron collision energy. The first heating chamber 50a and the second heating chamber 50b have relatively large volumes to increase the thermal energy obtained by volumetric heating. The volumes occupied by the first heating chamber 50a and the second heating chamber 50b are preferably, for example, 30% or more, 40% or more, 50% or more, or 60% or more of the total volume of the blanket 28. The volume of the inner flow path 50 is preferably larger than the volume of the outer flow path 48.

[0059] The cross-sectional flow area of ​​the first heating chamber 50a and the second heating chamber 50b is preferably larger than the cross-sectional flow area of ​​the inner inlet channel 50c and the inner outlet channel 50d. This allows the flow velocity of the second fluid flowing through the first heating chamber 50a and the second heating chamber 50b to be relatively small. The first heating chamber 50a and the second heating chamber 50b are located closer to the fusion plasma P than the inner inlet channel 50c and the inner outlet channel 50d, and therefore receive a larger amount of neutrons from the fusion plasma P, resulting in a larger volumetric heating thermal energy. By reducing the flow velocity of the second fluid through the first heating chamber 50a and the second heating chamber 50b, which are susceptible to volumetric heating, the second fluid can be efficiently heated. As a result, the temperature of the second fluid discharged from the second heating chamber 50b can be increased to a high temperature of approximately 900°C to 1000°C.

[0060] The shielding function of the blanket 28 can be improved by increasing the radial size of the first heating chamber 50a and the second heating chamber 50b, i.e., the distance L from the front inner wall 42a to the rear inner wall 42b. The distance L from the front inner wall 42a to the rear inner wall 42b can be, for example, 300 mm or more, 400 mm or more, 500 mm or more, or 700 mm or more.

[0061] The flow divider 52 divides the fluid supplied from the supply pipe 44 into a first fluid flowing toward the outer flow path 48 and a second fluid flowing toward the inner flow path 50. The flow divider 52 is configured to divide the fluid so that the flow rate of the first fluid is greater than the flow rate of the second fluid. By relatively increasing the flow rate of the first fluid, the outer wall 40 can be efficiently cooled. By relatively decreasing the flow rate of the second fluid, the flow velocity of the second fluid can be reduced, and the second fluid can be heated to a higher temperature by volumetric heating.

[0062] The flow divider 52 can set the flow rate ratio of the first fluid to, for example, 50% to 80%, such as, for example, 60% to 70%. The flow divider 52 can set the flow rate ratio of the second fluid to, for example, 20% to 50%, such as, for example, 30% to 40%. The flow divider 52 has a plurality of flow holes that allow fluid to pass through to the outer flow path 48 or the inner flow path 50. By adjusting the positions, sizes, numbers, etc. of the plurality of flow holes of the flow divider 52, the flow rate ratios of the fluids distributed to the outer flow path 48 and the inner flow path 50 can be set to desired values.

[0063] The flow divider 52 further divides the first fluid flowing toward the outer flow passage 48 into a fluid flowing toward the outer inlet passage 48c and a fluid flowing toward the rear outer flow passage 48b. The flow rate of the fluid flowing toward the outer inlet passage 48c is greater than the flow rate of the fluid flowing toward the rear outer flow passage 48b. By relatively increasing the flow rate of the fluid flowing toward the outer inlet passage 48c, the front outer wall 40a, which is highly heated by the fusion plasma P, can be efficiently cooled. The flow rate of the fluid flowing toward the outer inlet passage 48c can be set to be at least two, three, five, or seven times the flow rate of the fluid flowing toward the rear outer flow passage 48b. As an example, assuming that the flow rate of the fluid supplied from the supply pipe 44 is 100%, the flow rate of the fluid flowing toward the outer inlet passage 48c is 40% to 70%, for example, 50% to 60%, and the flow rate of the fluid flowing toward the rear outer flow passage 48b is 1% to 20%, for example, 5% to 15%.

[0064] The blanket 28 can be supported by a support structure 36 provided on the inner surface 34 of the vacuum vessel 12. The support structure 36 can support, for example, the first side outer wall 40c. A low-temperature first fluid immediately supplied from the supply pipe 44 flows through the outer inlet channel 48c adjacent to the first side outer wall 40c. Therefore, the temperature of the first side outer wall 40c is maintained lower than that of the front outer wall 40a and the second side outer wall 40d, for example, at 500°C or below or 400°C or below. As a result, a temperature rise in the support structure 36 adjacent to the first side outer wall 40c can be suppressed, allowing the support structure 36 to be constructed using a material with low heat resistance. For example, stainless steel, concrete, or the like can be used as the material for the support structure 36.

[0065] Next, the operation of the blanket 28 will be described. The fluid supplied from the supply pipe 44 is divided by the flow divider 52 into a first fluid flowing toward the outer flow path 48 and a second fluid flowing toward the inner flow path 50. The first fluid flowing through the outer flow path 48 has a high flow velocity, thereby efficiently cooling the outer wall 40 of the blanket 28. The second fluid flowing through the inner flow path 50 has a low flow velocity, thereby efficiently volumetrically heating the interior of the blanket 28 and raising its temperature. The relatively low-temperature first fluid is discharged through the outer pipe 54 of the double-pipe exhaust pipe 46. The relatively high-temperature second fluid is discharged through the inner pipe 56. The relatively high-temperature second fluid passes through the inside of the double pipe, allowing it to be discharged to the outside while maintaining its high temperature. Furthermore, because the relatively low-temperature first fluid passes outside the double pipe, the first fluid can block radiant heat from the high-temperature second fluid. As a result, thermal effects on structures supporting the exhaust pipe 46, such as the vacuum vessel 12, can be suppressed.

[0066] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the fluid flow path configuration outside the vacuum vessel 12. A first heat exchanger 90, a second heat exchanger 92, a first fuel separation device 94, a second fuel separation device 96, and a pump 98 are provided outside the vacuum vessel 12. The first fluid discharged through the outer tube 54 of the discharge pipe 46 is sent to the first heat exchanger 90, where thermal energy is extracted. The second fluid discharged through the inner tube 56 of the discharge pipe 46 is sent to the second heat exchanger 92, where thermal energy is extracted. By sending the first and second fluids, which have different temperatures, to the first and second heat exchangers 90 and 92, respectively, thermal energy can be extracted efficiently. In particular, by setting the temperature of the second fluid to approximately 900°C to 1000°C, thermal energy utilization efficiency can be improved. The thermal energy extracted by the first heat exchanger 90 and the second heat exchanger 92 can be used for power generation or the like.

[0067] The first fluid from which thermal energy has been extracted in the first heat exchanger 90 is sent to a first fuel separation device 94, where tritium, the fuel, is extracted. The second fluid from which thermal energy has been extracted in the second heat exchanger 92 is sent to a second fuel separation device 96, where tritium, the fuel, is extracted. The first fuel separation device 94 and the second fuel separation device 96 may be, for example, vacuum sieve trays (VSTs). When the first fluid and the second fluid have different fuel content ratios, using separate fuel separation devices can improve the efficiency of fuel extraction. Note that fuel may be extracted from only one of the first fluid or the second fluid. For example, when the fuel content ratio of the second fluid is higher than the fuel content ratio of the first fluid, only the second fuel separation device 96 may be used, and the first fuel separation device 94 may not be used. Furthermore, if the blanket 28 does not have a fuel production function, the first fuel separation device 94 and the second fuel separation device 96 do not need to be provided.

[0068] The first fluid and the second fluid from which the fuel has been separated by the first fuel separation device 94 and the second fuel separation device 96 are sent to the blanket 28 by the pump 98. As a result, the first fluid and the second fluid are reused as fluids to be supplied to the inside of the blanket 28 from the supply pipe 44 after thermal energy and fuel have been extracted from them.

[0069] The blanket 28, the first heat exchanger 90, and the second heat exchanger 92 may constitute a heat exchange system 80 of the fusion reactor 10. The heat exchange system 80 includes the blanket 28, the first heat exchanger 90, and the second heat exchanger 92. The heat exchange system 80 may further include at least one of a first fuel separation device 94 and a second fuel separation device 96. The heat exchange system 80 may further include a pump 98.

[0070] 3 allows the second fluid at a high temperature to be extracted from the blanket 28, and thermal energy can be efficiently extracted from the fluid heated by the blanket 28. If the blanket 28 has a fuel production function, the first fluid and the second fluid can be extracted separately, thereby allowing the fuel to be efficiently extracted from the fluid with a high fuel content. According to this embodiment, the outer wall 40 of the blanket 28 and the exhaust pipe 46 can be maintained at a relatively low temperature by the first fluid, thereby suppressing thermal effects on the vacuum vessel 12 and the support structure 36.

[0071] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating another fluid flow path configuration outside the vacuum vessel 12. The flow path configuration of FIG. 4 differs from the flow path configuration of FIG. 3 in that a mixed fluid obtained by mixing a first fluid and a second fluid is input to a heat exchanger 100. In the configuration example of FIG. 4, the heat exchanger 100, a fuel separation device 102, and a pump 104 are provided outside the vacuum vessel 12. The first fluid discharged through the outer pipe 54 of the discharge pipe 46 is mixed with the second fluid discharged through the inner pipe 56 of the discharge pipe 46 outside the vacuum vessel 12. The mixed fluid obtained by mixing the first fluid and the second fluid is sent to the heat exchanger 100, where thermal energy is extracted. The mixed fluid from which thermal energy has been extracted in the heat exchanger 100 is sent to the fuel separation device 102, where tritium, the fuel, is extracted. The mixed fluid from which fuel has been separated by the fuel separation device 102 is sent to the blanket 28 by the pump 104.

[0072] According to the flow path configuration of Fig. 4, the flow path configuration outside the vacuum vessel 12 can be simplified compared to the flow path configuration of Fig. 3. Even in the flow path configuration of Fig. 4, the exhaust pipe 46 penetrating the wall of the vacuum vessel 12 is a double pipe, so that the thermal impact on structures such as the vacuum vessel 12 that support the exhaust pipe 46 can be suppressed. Furthermore, even when the first fluid and the second fluid are mixed, the temperature of the mixed fluid can be made higher than the temperature of the first fluid, compared to when only the relatively low-temperature first fluid is extracted. As a result, thermal energy can be extracted efficiently in the heat exchanger 100.

[0073] The blanket 28 and the heat exchanger 100 constitute a heat exchange system 80A of the fusion reactor 10. The heat exchange system 80A includes the blanket 28 and the heat exchanger 100. The heat exchange system 80A may further include a fuel separation device 102. The heat exchange system 80A may further include a pump 104.

[0074] Fig. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating the configuration of a blanket 28A according to another embodiment. The blanket 28A shown in Fig. 5 differs from the above-described embodiment in that the supply pipe 44A is a double pipe. The following description of this embodiment will focus on the differences from the above-described embodiment, and will omit a description of the commonalities as appropriate.

[0075] The blanket 28A includes an outer wall 40, an inner wall 42, a supply pipe 44A, and a discharge pipe 46. The blanket 28A includes an outer flow passage 48 formed between the outer wall 40 and the inner wall 42, and an inner flow passage 50 formed inside the inner wall 42. The outer wall 40, the inner wall 42, the discharge pipe 46, the outer flow passage 48, and the inner flow passage 50 can be configured in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment.

[0076] The supply pipe 44A is a double pipe having an outer pipe 64 and an inner pipe 66, and can be referred to as a double supply pipe. A first fluid supplied to the outer flow passage 48 flows through the outer pipe 64. A second fluid supplied to the inner flow passage 50 flows through the inner pipe 66. The first fluid supplied from the outer pipe 64 flows, for example, toward the outer inlet passage 48c, which is the first outer flow passage, and toward the rear outer flow passage 48b, which is the second outer flow passage. In the example shown in FIG. 5 , the flow diverter 52 according to the above-described embodiment is not provided. However, a flow diverter may be provided at the branch point between the outer inlet passage 48c and the rear outer flow passage 48b. Note that the blanket 28A may include the front outer flow passage 48a, the outer inlet passage 48c, the outer outlet passage 48d, and the inner flow passage 50, but not the rear outer flow passage 48b.

[0077] According to this embodiment, different substances can be used as the first fluid and the second fluid. For example, a refrigerant that does not contain a raw material for producing fuel can be used as the first fluid, while a refrigerant that contains a raw material for producing fuel can be used as the second fluid. For example, the first fluid can be helium or carbon dioxide, and the second fluid can be liquid lithium, liquid lithium lead, or lithium beryllium fluoride. Note that the first fluid and the second fluid may be the same substance.

[0078] This embodiment can also achieve the same effects as the embodiment shown in Fig. 2. According to this embodiment, the first fluid and the second fluid can be different substances, and substances suitable for the cooling function in the outer flow passage 48 and the heating function in the inner flow passage 50 can be selected. Furthermore, the blanket 28A shown in Fig. 5 can be used in the heat exchange systems 80, 80A shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. The heat exchange systems 80, 80A may include the blanket 28A shown in Fig. 5.

[0079] 6 is an external perspective view of a blanket 28 according to one embodiment. The blanket 28 includes an inner flow path 50 that forms a U-shaped flow path, and an outer flow path 48 that forms a U-shaped flow path and is disposed so as to surround the outside and inside of the inner flow path 50. The blanket 28 further includes a supply pipe 44 that supplies fluid to the outer flow path 48 and the inner flow path 50, an outer pipe 54 of a discharge pipe 46 that discharges fluid from the outer flow path 48, and an inner pipe 56 of the discharge pipe 46 that discharges fluid from the inner flow path 50.

[0080] Figures 7A and 7B are side views of the blanket 28 shown in Figure 6. Figure 8A is a cross-sectional view taken along A-A in Figure 7A. Figure 8B is a cross-sectional view taken along B-B in Figure 7B. Figure 8C is a cross-sectional view taken along C-C in Figure 7A. Figure 8D is a cross-sectional view taken along D-D in Figure 7B. Figure 8E is a cross-sectional view taken along E-E in Figure 7A. Figure 8F is a cross-sectional view taken along F-F in Figure 7B. Figure 8G is a cross-sectional view taken along G-G in Figure 7A.

[0081] The blanket 28 has an outer wall 40 that defines an outer flow passage 48 and an inner wall 42 that defines an inner flow passage 50. The outer wall 40 includes a front outer wall 40a that faces the fusion plasma P, and a first side outer wall 40c and a second side outer wall 40d that extend in a direction away from the front outer wall 40a. The outer wall 40 further includes a third side outer wall 40e and a fourth side outer wall 40f that are arranged opposite each other with the front outer wall 40a, the first side outer wall 40c, the second side outer wall 40d, the front inner wall 42a, the first side inner wall 42c, the second side inner wall 42d, and the rear inner wall 42b interposed therebetween.

[0082] The outer flow passage 48 is formed between the outer wall 40 and the inner wall 42. The inner flow passage 50 is formed inside the inner wall 42 and allows fluid to flow through it. The outer flow passage 48 includes a front outer flow passage 48a through which fluid flows along the front outer wall 40a. The outer flow passage 48 includes an outer inlet passage 48c through which fluid flows along the first side outer wall 40c toward the front outer flow passage 48a. The outer flow passage 48 includes an outer outlet passage 48d through which fluid flows from the front outer flow passage 48a toward the discharge pipe 46, which is a dual discharge pipe, along the second side outer wall 40d.

[0083] The inner wall 50 is provided inside the outer wall 40 and includes a front inner wall 42a facing the front outer wall 40a on the side opposite to the fusion plasma P. The inner wall 42 includes a first side inner wall 42c and a second side inner wall 42d extending in a direction away from the front inner wall 42a, and a back inner wall 42b facing the front inner wall 42a on the opposite side of the front outer wall 40a. The outer wall 40 further includes a back outer wall 40b facing the back inner wall 42b on the side opposite the front inner wall 42a. The outer flow passage 48 further includes a back outer flow passage 48b through which a fluid flows along the back outer wall 40b. Note that the blanket 28 may include the front outer flow passage 48a, the outer inlet flow passage 48c, the outer outlet flow passage 48d, and the inner flow passage 50, but not the back outer flow passage 48b.

[0084] The inner flow path 50 includes a front inner flow path 50e through which the fluid flows between the front inner wall 42a and the rear inner wall 42b, a first inner inlet path 50c through which the fluid flows along the first side inner wall 42c toward the front inner flow path 50e, and a first inner outlet path 50d through which the fluid flows along the second side inner wall 42d in a direction away from the front inner flow path 50e. The front inner flow path 50e is divided into a first heating chamber 50a and a second heating chamber 50b by a reinforcing wall 60.

[0085] The outer flow passage 58 is divided into a plurality of flow passages via outer partition walls 40g. Similarly, the inner flow passage 50 is divided into a plurality of flow passages via inner partition walls 50f. The outer partition walls 40f and the inner partition walls 50f are provided to reinforce the outer flow passage 58 and the inner flow passage 50. However, the blanket 28 does not necessarily have to include the outer partition walls 40f and the inner partition walls 50f.

[0086] The third side outer wall 40e and the fourth side outer wall 40f are connected to the front outer wall 40a, the first side outer wall 40c, the second side outer wall 40d, the front inner wall 42a, the first side inner wall 42c, the second side inner wall 42d, and the back inner wall 42b, respectively.

[0087] The cross-sectional area of ​​the front outer flow passage 48a is smaller than that of the outer inlet flow passage 48c. The cross-sectional area of ​​the outer outlet flow passage 48d is smaller than that of the outer inlet flow passage 48c. The cross-sectional area of ​​the front outer flow passage 48a is smaller than that of the front inner flow passage 50e. With this configuration, the fluid supplied from the supply pipe 44 is divided into a first fluid flowing toward the outer flow passage 48 and a second fluid flowing toward the inner flow passage 50. The first fluid flowing through the outer flow passage 48 has a high flow velocity, so it can efficiently cool the outer wall 40 of the blanket 28. The second fluid flowing through the inner flow passage 50 has a low flow velocity, so it is efficiently volumetrically heated inside the blanket 28 and reaches a high temperature. The relatively low-temperature first fluid is discharged through the outer pipe 54 of the double-pipe discharge pipe 46. The relatively high-temperature second fluid is discharged through the inner pipe 56. The relatively high-temperature second fluid passes through the inside of the double pipe, so it can be discharged to the outside while maintaining its high temperature. Furthermore, since the first fluid, which is relatively low in temperature, passes through the outside of the double pipe, the first fluid can block the transfer of heat from the second fluid, which is high in temperature, thereby suppressing the thermal impact on the structure supporting the exhaust pipe 46, such as the vacuum vessel 12.

[0088] The main purpose of the front outer flow passage 48a is to cool the front outer wall 40a, the surface of which is heated by the fusion plasma P. To efficiently cool the front outer wall 40a, the flow passage width of the front outer flow passage 48a may be set relatively small. The flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the front outer flow passage 48a may be set smaller than the flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the outer inlet passage 48c. This increases the flow velocity of the first fluid in the front outer flow passage 48a, thereby improving the cooling efficiency of the front outer wall 40a.

[0089] In addition, the flow path width of the outer inlet passage 48c may be set relatively large in order to increase the flow rate of the first fluid in the front outer flow path 48a. By increasing the flow rate of the first fluid, the cooling efficiency of the front outer wall 40a can be improved.

[0090] The first fluid, which has been heated in the front outer flow passage 48a and has a relatively high temperature, flows through the outer outlet passage 48d. To suppress heating of the first fluid in the outer outlet passage 48d, the flow passage width of the outer outlet passage 48d may be set to be relatively small. The flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the outer outlet passage 48d may be set to be smaller than the flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the outer inlet passage 48c. This makes it possible to suppress heating of the first fluid in the outer outlet passage 48d.

[0091] The blanket 28 described above has an embodiment in which the outer pipe 54 and the inner pipe 56 are provided as discharge pipes. That is, the blanket 28 has been described as having a double pipe as a discharge pipe. However, the blanket 28 does not have to have a double pipe. For example, the blanket 28 may have only the outer pipe 54 and not the inner pipe 56.

[0092] The present disclosure has been described above based on the embodiments. Various modifications are possible to the combinations of the components and processes in the exemplary embodiments, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such modifications are included within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0093] In the above embodiment, a description has been given of the blankets 28, 28A that are applied to the tokamak-type fusion reactor 10. There are no particular restrictions on the type of fusion reactor to which the blankets 28, 28A according to the present embodiment can be applied, and they may be applied to a helical-type magnetic confinement fusion reactor, or an inertial confinement fusion reactor such as a laser fusion reactor.

[0094] 10... Fusion reactor, 12... Vacuum vessel, 28... Blanket, 36... Support structure, 40... Outer wall, 40a... Front outer wall, 40b... Back outer wall, 40c... First side outer wall, 40d... Second side outer wall, 42... Inner wall, 42a... Front inner wall, 42b... Back inner wall, 42c... First side inner wall, 42d... Second side inner wall, 4 4... Supply pipe, 46... Discharge pipe, 48... Outer channel, 48a... Front outer channel, 48b... Back outer channel, 48c... Outer inflow channel, 48d... Outer outlet channel, 50... Inner channel, 50a... First heating chamber, 50b... Second heating chamber, 50c... Inner inflow channel, 50d... Inner outflow channel, 52... Divider, 54... Outer tube, 56... Inner tube

Claims

1. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor comprising: an outer wall including a front outer wall facing nuclear fusion plasma; an inner wall provided inside the outer wall and including a front inner wall facing the front outer wall on the side opposite the nuclear fusion plasma; an outer flow path formed between the outer wall and the inner wall and through which a first fluid flows; and an inner flow path formed inside the inner wall and through which a second fluid identical to the first fluid flows.

2. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor as described in claim 1, further comprising a double discharge pipe having an outer pipe through which the first fluid discharged from the outer flow passage flows and an inner pipe through which the second fluid discharged from the inner flow passage flows.

3. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor comprising: an outer wall; an inner wall provided inside the outer wall; an outer flow path formed between the outer wall and the inner wall and through which a first fluid flows; an inner flow path formed inside the inner wall and through which a second fluid flows; and a double discharge pipe having an outer pipe through which the first fluid discharged from the outer flow path flows, and an inner pipe through which the second fluid discharged from the inner flow path flows.

4. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor as described in claim 2 or 3, wherein, during operation of the nuclear fusion reactor, the temperature of the second fluid flowing through the double exhaust pipe is higher than the temperature of the first fluid flowing through the double exhaust pipe.

5. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the volume of the inner flow passage is larger than the volume of the outer flow passage.

6. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor as described in claim 1 or 3, further comprising: a supply pipe through which a fluid is supplied; and a flow divider that divides the fluid supplied from the supply pipe into the first fluid flowing toward the outer flow path and the second fluid flowing toward the inner flow path.

7. The blanket for a fusion reactor according to claim 6, wherein the flow divider is configured to divide the fluids such that a flow rate of the first fluid is greater than a flow rate of the second fluid.

8. The blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor according to claim 6, wherein the fluid contains lithium.

9. The blanket for a fusion reactor according to claim 6, wherein the fluid is a liquid metal.

10. The blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor according to claim 1 or 3, wherein at least one of the outer wall and the inner wall comprises silicon carbide.

11. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor as described in claim 1, wherein the outer wall further includes a first side outer wall and a second side outer wall extending in a direction away from the front outer wall, and the outer flow path includes a front outer flow path through which the first fluid flows along the front outer wall, an outer inlet path through which the first fluid flows along the first side outer wall toward the front outer flow path, and an outer outlet path through which the first fluid flows along the second side outer wall in a direction away from the front outer flow path.

12. A blanket for a fusion reactor as described in claim 3, wherein the outer wall includes a front outer wall facing the fusion plasma, and a first side outer wall and a second side outer wall extending in a direction away from the front outer wall, the outer flow path includes a front outer flow path through which the first fluid flows along the front outer wall, an outer inlet path through which the first fluid flows along the first side outer wall toward the front outer flow path, and an outer outlet path through which the first fluid flows from the front outer flow path along the second side outer wall toward the double exhaust pipe, and the inner wall includes a front inner wall facing the front outer wall on the side opposite the fusion plasma.

13. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor as described in claim 11 or 12, wherein the inner wall further includes a first side inner wall and a second side inner wall extending in a direction away from the front inner wall, and a back inner wall opposite the front outer wall and facing the front inner wall, and the inner flow path further includes a front inner flow path through which the second fluid flows between the front inner wall and the back inner wall, an inner inflow path through which the second fluid flows along the first side inner wall toward the front inner flow path, and an inner outflow path through which the second fluid flows along the second side inner wall in a direction away from the front inner flow path.

14. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor as described in claim 13, wherein the outer walls further include a third side outer wall and a fourth side outer wall arranged opposite each other with the front outer wall, the first side outer wall, the second side outer wall, the front inner wall, the first side inner wall, the second side inner wall, and the rear inner wall interposed therebetween.

15. A blanket for a fusion reactor as described in claim 14, wherein a third side outer wall and a fourth side outer wall are connected to each of the front outer wall, the first side outer wall, the second side outer wall, the front inner wall, the first side inner wall, the second side inner wall, and the rear inner wall.

16. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor as set forth in claim 11 or 12, wherein a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the front outer flow path is smaller than a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the outer inlet flow path.

17. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor as set forth in claim 11 or 12, wherein a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the outer outlet channel is smaller than a flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the outer inlet channel.

18. A blanket for a fusion reactor as described in claim 13, wherein a flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the front outer flow passage is smaller than a flow passage cross-sectional area of ​​the front inner flow passage.

19. The blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor according to claim 11 or 12, further comprising a support structure for supporting the first outer side wall.

20. A blanket for a nuclear fusion reactor as described in claim 13, wherein the outer wall further includes a rear outer wall opposing the rear inner wall on the opposite side to the front inner wall, and the outer flow path further includes a rear outer flow path through which the first fluid flows along the rear outer wall.

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