Leaky-wave antenna and electronic device

Abstract

Provided in the present disclosure are a leaky-wave antenna and an electronic device. The leaky-wave antenna comprises: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to one another, an adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a plurality of first spacers and a plurality of second spacers dispersedly disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate comprises a first base and a first electrode layer disposed on the side of the first base facing the adjustable dielectric layer, the second substrate comprises a second base and a second electrode layer disposed on the side of the second base facing the adjustable dielectric layer, and the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer are disposed opposite to one another; the plurality of first spacers are disposed on one side of the length direction of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the plurality of second spacers are disposed on the other side of the length direction of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. The leaky-wave antenna further comprises a third electrode disposed on the surface of at least one first spacer and a fourth electrode disposed on the surface of at least one second spacer, the third electrode and the fourth electrode being disposed opposite to one another.

Description

Leaky wave antenna and electronic equipment Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of microwave radio frequency technology, and in particular to a leaky wave antenna and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the development of communication technology, more and more types of antennas have been developed, and leaky wave antennas are currently one of the research and development directions in this field. Leaky wave antennas can form a low-radiation area in a specific direction, thereby preventing the signal from having adverse effects in that specific direction.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present disclosure provides a leaky wave antenna and electronic equipment, the specific solutions of which are as follows:

[0005] The present disclosure provides a leaky wave antenna, comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, an adjustable dielectric layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a plurality of first spacers and a plurality of second spacers dispersedly arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein,

[0006] The first substrate includes a first substrate and a first electrode layer provided on a side of the first substrate facing the adjustable dielectric layer; the second substrate includes a second substrate and a second electrode layer provided on a side of the second substrate facing the adjustable dielectric layer, the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer being arranged opposite each other; the plurality of first spacers are provided on one side of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in a lengthwise direction, and the plurality of second spacers are provided on the other side of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer in a lengthwise direction;

[0007] The leaky wave antenna further includes: a third electrode provided on a surface of at least one of the first spacers, and a fourth electrode provided on a surface of at least one of the second spacers; the third electrode and the fourth electrode are provided facing each other.

[0008] In a possible implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the orthographic projection of the third electrode on the first substrate does not overlap with the orthographic projections of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer on the first substrate, and the orthographic projection of the fourth electrode on the first substrate does not overlap with the orthographic projections of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer on the first substrate.

[0009] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first electrode layer includes a first transmission line and a second transmission line arranged side by side, the first transmission line includes a first trunk line and at least one first branch connected to one side of the extension direction of the first trunk line, and the first branch is arranged on the side of the first trunk line away from the second transmission line; the second transmission line includes a second trunk line and at least one second branch connected to one side of the extension direction of the second trunk line, and the second branch is arranged on the side of the second trunk line away from the first transmission line; the second electrode layer is a ground electrode layer; wherein,

[0010] At least one first spacer is disposed on the outer side of at least one first branch node, and at least one second spacer is disposed on the outer side of at least one second branch node;

[0011] The third electrode is provided on the surface of at least one first spacer outside at least one first branch node, and the fourth electrode is provided on the surface of at least one second spacer outside at least one second branch node, and the third electrode and the fourth electrode are provided in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0012] In one possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, there are plural first branches and plural second branches, each of which includes a first end and a second end oppositely disposed; the first end of the first branch is connected to the first main line, and the first end of the second branch is connected to the second main line;

[0013] At least one first spacer is provided on a side of the second end of each first branch away from the first main line, and at least one second spacer is provided on a side of the second end of each second branch away from the second main line;

[0014] The third electrode is provided on the surface of at least one of the first spacers on the side of the second end of each first branch away from the first main line, and the fourth electrode is provided on the surface of at least one of the second spacers on the side of the second end of each second branch away from the second main line.

[0015] In one possible implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the spacing between the third electrode and the fourth electrode is greater than or equal to the width between the side of the first main line close to the first branch node and the side of the second main line close to the second branch node, and is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the leaky wave antenna.

[0016] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third electrode covers the side of the first spacer facing the adjustable dielectric layer, and the fourth electrode covers the side of the second spacer facing the adjustable dielectric layer.

[0017] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first spacer is arranged on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second spacer is arranged on a side of the second substrate facing the first substrate.

[0018] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the third electrode further covers the top surface of the first spacer facing the second substrate, and the fourth electrode further covers the top surface of the second spacer facing the first substrate.

[0019] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first spacer is arranged on a side of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and the second spacer is arranged on a side of the second substrate facing the first substrate.

[0020] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third electrode further covers the top surface of the first spacer facing the first substrate, and the fourth electrode further covers the top surface of the second spacer facing the first substrate.

[0021] In a possible implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first spacer includes a first sub-spacer and a second sub-spacer that are stacked, and the second spacer includes a third sub-spacer and a fourth sub-spacer that are stacked, and the first sub-spacer and the third sub-spacer are arranged on the side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second sub-spacer and the fourth sub-spacer are arranged on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate.

[0022] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the third electrode also covers the top surface between the first sub-spacer and the second sub-spacer, and the fourth electrode also covers the top surface between the third sub-spacer and the fourth sub-spacer.

[0023] In one possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third electrode includes a first sub-electrode and a second sub-electrode that are stacked, the first sub-electrode covering a side surface of the first sub-spacer facing the adjustable dielectric layer and a top surface of the first sub-spacer facing the second substrate, and the second sub-electrode covering a side surface of the second sub-spacer facing the adjustable dielectric layer and a top surface of the second sub-spacer facing the first substrate;

[0024] The fourth electrode includes a third sub-electrode and a fourth sub-electrode arranged in a stacked manner, the third sub-electrode covers the side surface of the third sub-spacer facing the adjustable dielectric layer and covers the top surface of the third sub-spacer facing the second substrate, and the fourth sub-electrode covers the side surface of the fourth sub-spacer facing the adjustable dielectric layer and covers the top surface of the fourth sub-spacer facing the first substrate.

[0025] In a possible implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first sub-spacer and the second sub-spacer are symmetrically arranged with respect to the third electrode between the first sub-spacer and the second sub-spacer, and the third sub-spacer and the fourth sub-spacer are symmetrically arranged with respect to the fourth electrode between the third sub-spacer and the fourth sub-spacer.

[0026] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first spacer is provided on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second spacer is provided on a side of the second substrate facing the first substrate.

[0027] The third electrode is disposed on a top surface of the first spacer facing the second substrate, and the fourth electrode is disposed on a top surface of the second spacer facing the first substrate.

[0028] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, there is a gap between the third electrode and the second substrate, and there is a gap between the fourth electrode and the first substrate.

[0029] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first spacer includes a first sub-spacer and a second sub-spacer that are stacked, and the second spacer includes a third sub-spacer and a fourth sub-spacer that are stacked, wherein the first sub-spacer and the third sub-spacer are arranged on a side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second sub-spacer and the fourth sub-spacer are arranged on a side of the second substrate facing the first substrate;

[0030] The third electrode is disposed between a top surface of the first sub-spacer and a top surface of the second sub-spacer, and the fourth electrode is disposed between a top surface of the third sub-spacer and a top surface of the fourth sub-spacer.

[0031] In a possible implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third electrode includes a first sub-electrode and a second sub-electrode arranged in a stacked manner, and the fourth electrode includes a third sub-electrode and a fourth sub-electrode arranged in a stacked manner. The first sub-electrode is arranged on the side of the first sub-spacer facing the second substrate, the second sub-electrode is arranged on the side of the second sub-spacer facing the first substrate, the third sub-electrode is arranged on the side of the third sub-spacer facing the second substrate, and the fourth sub-electrode is arranged on the side of the fourth sub-spacer facing the first substrate.

[0032] In a possible implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the structure formed by the first sub-spacer and the first sub-electrode and the structure formed by the second sub-spacer and the second sub-electrode are symmetrically arranged with respect to the contact surface between the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode, and the structure formed by the third sub-spacer and the third sub-electrode and the structure formed by the fourth sub-spacer and the fourth sub-electrode are symmetrically arranged with respect to the contact surface between the third sub-electrode and the fourth sub-electrode.

[0033] In a possible implementation, the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a plurality of third spacers disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and each of the third spacers is dispersedly disposed between the first transmission line and the second transmission line;

[0034] It also includes a fifth electrode and a sixth electrode disposed on a surface of at least one of the third spacers, wherein the fifth electrode and the sixth electrode are spaced apart, and the fifth electrode and the third electrode are disposed opposite each other, and the sixth electrode and the fourth electrode are disposed opposite each other;

[0035] The fifth electrode and the sixth electrode are respectively insulated from the second electrode layer.

[0036] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the fifth electrode is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the third electrode, and the sixth electrode is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the fourth electrode.

[0037] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the structure of the fifth electrode is the same as the structure of one of the third electrode and the fourth electrode, and the structure of the sixth electrode is the same as the structure of one of the third electrode and the fourth electrode.

[0038] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, a spacing between the third electrode and the fifth electrode is greater than or equal to a width of the first main line, and less than or equal to 1 / 4 of a wavelength of an operating frequency of the leaky wave antenna;

[0039] The distance between the fourth electrode and the sixth electrode is greater than or equal to the width of the second main line, and less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the leaky wave antenna.

[0040] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first main line and the second main line are symmetrically arranged with the center line in the second electrode layer along the extension direction of the first main line as the axis of symmetry.

[0041] In a possible implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first branch and the second branch are staggered along the extension direction of the first main line, and the distance between the adjacent first branch and the second branch along the extension direction of the first main line is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the leaky wave antenna.

[0042] In a possible implementation, in the leaky-wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first branch and the second branch are symmetrically arranged.

[0043] In a possible implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third electrodes corresponding to the first branches are arranged at equal intervals or at unequal intervals along the extension direction of the first main line, and the fourth electrodes corresponding to the second branches are arranged at equal intervals or at unequal intervals along the extension direction of the second main line.

[0044] In a possible implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the third electrodes corresponding to the first branches are distributed equiperiodically or non-equiperiodically along the extension direction of the first main line, and the fourth electrodes corresponding to the second branches are distributed equiperiodically or non-equiperiodically along the extension direction of the second main line.

[0045] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the orthographic projection shapes of the first spacer and the second spacer on the first substrate include at least one of a circle, an ellipse, and a square.

[0046] In a possible implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the adjustable dielectric layer includes a liquid crystal layer.

[0047] Correspondingly, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, comprising the above-mentioned leaky-wave antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] FIG1 shows a structure of a leaky wave antenna provided in the related art;

[0049] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the leaky wave antenna corresponding to FIG1 ;

[0050] FIG3A shows a structure of a leaky wave antenna before being assembled into a box, provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG3B is a structure of a leaky wave antenna after box alignment corresponding to FIG3A ;

[0052] FIG3C is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG3B ;

[0053] FIG3D is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG3B ;

[0054] FIG4A shows a structure of another leaky wave antenna before being assembled into a box, provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG4B is a structure of a leaky wave antenna after box alignment corresponding to FIG4A ;

[0056] FIG4C is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG4B ;

[0057] FIG4D is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG4B ;

[0058] FIG5A shows a structure of another leaky wave antenna before being assembled into a box, provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] FIG5B is a structure of a leaky wave antenna after box alignment corresponding to FIG5A ;

[0060] FIG5C is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG5B ;

[0061] FIG5D is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG5B ;

[0062] FIG6A shows a structure of another leaky wave antenna before being assembled into a box, provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] FIG6B is a structure of a leaky wave antenna after box alignment corresponding to FIG6A ;

[0064] FIG6C is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG6B ;

[0065] FIG6D is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG6B ;

[0066] FIG7A shows a structure of another leaky wave antenna before being assembled into a box, provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] FIG7B is a structure of a leaky wave antenna after box alignment corresponding to FIG7A ;

[0068] FIG7C is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG7B ;

[0069] FIG7D is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG7B ;

[0070] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the leaky wave antenna corresponding to FIG3B ;

[0071] FIG9A shows a structure of another leaky wave antenna before being assembled into a box, provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0072] FIG9B is a structure of a leaky wave antenna after box alignment corresponding to FIG9A ;

[0073] FIG9C is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG9B ;

[0074] FIG9D is a schematic plan view of a portion of the film layer in FIG9B . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0075] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. And in the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the described embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0076] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure shall have the usual meanings understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which this disclosure belongs. The words “include” or “comprise” and the like used in this disclosure mean that the elements or objects preceding the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The words “connect” or “connected” and the like are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. “Inside”, “outside”, “upper”, “lower”, etc. are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0077] It should be noted that the sizes and shapes of the figures in the accompanying drawings do not reflect the actual scale and are only for the purpose of illustrating the present disclosure. The same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions.

[0078] Leaky-wave antennas are traveling-wave antennas that not only offer a wide bandwidth but also a frequency-dependent mainlobe beamformation, attracting widespread attention. In modern communications systems, especially for airborne and shipborne communications, the antenna's fixed-frequency scanning capability is crucial. As shown in FIG1 , FIG1 shows the structure of a leaky wave antenna provided in the related art. The leaky wave antenna includes a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer 3 arranged between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2. The first substrate 1 includes a first substrate 11 and a first electrode layer 12 arranged on the side of the first substrate 11 facing the liquid crystal layer 3. The second substrate 2 includes a second substrate 21 and a second electrode layer 22 arranged on the side of the second substrate 21 facing the liquid crystal layer 3. By controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22, the dielectric constant ε of the liquid crystal layer 3 at positions corresponding to the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22 in the liquid crystal layer 3 is controlled. When ε changes, the phase shift constant β of the leaky wave antenna also changes accordingly. Since the main beam θ of the leaky wave antenna is arccos(β / k0), where k0 is the free space wave number, the main beam direction of the leaky wave antenna changes. Therefore, by controlling the change in the dielectric constant ε of the liquid crystal layer 3, the beam scanning function of the leaky wave antenna at a fixed frequency can be achieved.

[0079] However, the leaky-wave antenna's beam scanning speed is directly related to the deflection of the liquid crystal. Liquid crystal is a uniaxial crystal with a fixed orientation of its long axis. The orientation of the liquid crystal molecules deflects under the influence of an applied electric field, causing the dielectric constant to change, thus causing the antenna's beam direction to shift.

[0080] Liquid crystal response time is an important performance indicator of liquid crystal antennas. The calculation formula of liquid crystal response time t is as follows:

[0081] Fall time (the time to return to the initial parallel arrangement state is controlled by the longitudinal electric field formed between the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22):

[0082] Rise time (the time it takes to deflect from the initial parallel alignment to become parallel to the substrate):

[0083] Where γ is the rotational viscosity, K 11 is the elastic modulus; γ / K 11 is the viscoelastic ratio, d is the box thickness, and V is the applied voltage.

[0084] From the above liquid crystal response time formula, it can be seen that, as shown in FIG2 , during the process in which the liquid crystal layer 3 changes from the initial parallel arrangement state to the normal parallel to the substrate (i.e., during the rising process), due to the existence of the longitudinal electric field formed between the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22, t onThe time is usually short (fast response); when the longitudinal electric field is removed, the parallel arrangement state is restored to its initial state during the downward process only by the anchoring effect of the upper and lower alignment layers (not shown), so t off The time is relatively long (slow response). Therefore, the liquid crystal leaky wave antenna in the related art cannot achieve rapid deflection of the liquid crystal, resulting in a long beam switching time, which makes it impossible to achieve the purpose of rapid beam scanning switching of the liquid crystal leaky wave antenna. The antenna beam switching time is a very important key indicator, especially in low-orbit satellite communication. The beam switching time needs to match the satellite's movement speed to ensure normal communication.

[0085] In view of this, in order to achieve the purpose of fast beam scanning switching of the liquid crystal leaky wave antenna, the embodiment of the present disclosure provides a leaky wave antenna, as shown in Figures 3A-3D, Figures 4A-4D, Figures 5A-5D, Figures 6A-6D and Figures 7A-7D, Figures 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A and 7A are respectively the structures of several leaky wave antennas provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure before box alignment, Figure 3B is the structure of a leaky wave antenna after box alignment corresponding to Figure 3A, Figures 3C and 3D are respectively plan schematic diagrams of part of the film layer in Figure 3B, Figure 4B is the structure of a leaky wave antenna after box alignment corresponding to Figure 4A, Figures 4C and 4D are respectively plan schematic diagrams of part of the film layer in Figure 4B, Figure 5B is 5A is a structure of a leaky wave antenna after box alignment corresponding to FIG. 5C and FIG. 5D are respectively plan schematic diagrams of part of the film layer in FIG. 5B , FIG. 6B is a structure of a leaky wave antenna after box alignment corresponding to FIG. 6A , FIG. 6C and FIG. 6D are respectively plan schematic diagrams of part of the film layer in FIG. 6B , FIG. 7B is a structure of a leaky wave antenna after box alignment corresponding to FIG. 7A , FIG. 7C and FIG. 7D are respectively plan schematic diagrams of part of the film layer in FIG. 7B , the leaky wave antenna includes: a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 arranged opposite to each other, an adjustable dielectric layer 3 arranged between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, and a plurality of first spacers 4 and a plurality of second spacers 5 dispersedly arranged between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2; wherein,

[0086] The first substrate 1 includes a first substrate 11 and a first electrode layer 12 arranged on the side of the first substrate 11 facing the adjustable dielectric layer 3. The second substrate 2 includes a second substrate 21 and a second electrode layer 22 arranged on the side of the second substrate 21 facing the adjustable dielectric layer 3. The second electrode layer 22 and the first electrode layer 12 are arranged opposite each other. A plurality of first spacers 4 are arranged on one side of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22 in the longitudinal direction. A plurality of second spacers 5 are arranged on the other side of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22 in the longitudinal direction.

[0087] The leaky wave antenna further includes: a third electrode 6 arranged on the surface of at least one first spacer 4, and a fourth electrode 7 arranged on the surface of at least one second spacer 5; the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 are arranged opposite to each other.

[0088] Optionally, the dielectric constant of the adjustable dielectric layer 3 in the present disclosure can change according to the change of the electric field between the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22. Specifically, the adjustable dielectric layer 3 can be a liquid crystal layer 3. Liquid crystal, as an anisotropic material, has different dielectric constants along the long axis and short axis directions. When a voltage is applied to both ends of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal will deflect, so that in a certain direction, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal material will change with the change of voltage. Of course, the adjustable dielectric layer 3 of the present disclosure can also be other materials similar to liquid crystals that can change the dielectric constant based on the change of the electric field, such as a new light control / temperature control dielectric layer. The present disclosure is explained by taking the adjustable dielectric layer 3 as a liquid crystal layer 3 as an example.

[0089] The leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure can control the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer by controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer (forming a longitudinal electric field), thereby adjusting the radiation direction of the leaky wave antenna and realizing the fixed-frequency scanning function of the leaky wave antenna; the liquid crystal rising process is driven by the longitudinal electric field to change from the initial parallel arrangement state to the state parallel to the substrate normal, so t on The present disclosure also provides a third electrode and a fourth electrode disposed opposite each other on the spacers on both sides of the length direction of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In this way, a transverse electric field is formed by applying a voltage to the third electrode and the fourth electrode. The liquid crystal descends during the process driven by the transverse electric field and the anchoring effect of the alignment layer (not shown) to restore it to its initial parallel arrangement state. Therefore, the present disclosure can greatly shorten t off time. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a leaky wave antenna that controls the change in the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal through a third electrode and a fourth electrode, so that the main beam of the leaky wave antenna changes angle with changes in voltage, and achieves rapid deflection of the liquid crystal molecules under the action of the electrical signal, thereby achieving rapid scanning of the leaky wave antenna beam. In addition, the third electrode and the fourth electrode used to form the transverse electric field in the present disclosure are arranged on the surface of the spacer, which facilitates the vertical growth of the third electrode and the fourth electrode in the liquid crystal box, thereby forming a larger area of ​​transverse capacitance.

[0090] In a specific implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A to 7D, the material of the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 21 can be commonly used PCB insulating materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene glass fiber pressed board, phenolic paper laminate, phenolic glass cloth laminate, etc., or can be a hard material substrate with low microwave loss such as quartz and glass.

[0091] In a specific implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A to 7D, the materials of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22 can be low-resistance, low-loss metals such as copper, gold, silver, and aluminum. The first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22 can generally be directly prepared using processing techniques such as magnetron sputtering, thermal evaporation, and electroplating.

[0092] In specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A to 7D, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 3 has a significant effect on the scanning and switching time of the beam. If the beam switching time needs to be controlled at the ms level, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 3 should not be too large. For example, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer can be 3μm to 50μm. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 3 used in the embodiment of the present disclosure is 4.6μm. Cracks, the adjustable dielectric constants of different types of liquid crystals are different, and it is necessary to use suitable liquid crystal materials according to the required antenna beam scanning angle. The embodiment of the present disclosure uses LC446 type liquid crystal.

[0093] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A to 7D , the orthographic projection of the third electrode 6 on the first substrate 11 does not overlap with the orthographic projections of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22 on the first substrate 11, and the orthographic projection of the fourth electrode 7 on the first substrate 11 does not overlap with the orthographic projections of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22 on the first substrate 11. This prevents short circuits between the third electrode 6 and the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22, and between the fourth electrode 7 and the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22, thereby facilitating the design of feed lines for each electrode.

[0094] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG3A to FIG7D , the first electrode layer 12 includes a first transmission line 121 and a second transmission line 122 arranged side by side, the first transmission line 121 includes a first trunk line A1 and at least one first branch B1 connected to one side of the extension direction of the first trunk line A1, and the first branch B1 is arranged on the side of the first trunk line A1 away from the second transmission line 122; the second transmission line 122 includes a second trunk line A2 and at least one second branch B2 connected to one side of the extension direction of the second trunk line A2, and the second branch B2 is arranged on the side of the second trunk line A2 away from the first transmission line 121; the second electrode layer 22 is a ground electrode layer; wherein,

[0095] At least one first spacer 4 is provided on the outer side of at least one first branch B1, and at least one second spacer 5 is provided on the outer side of at least one second branch B2;

[0096] A third electrode 6 is provided on the surface of at least one first spacer 4 outside at least one first branch B1, and a fourth electrode 7 is provided on the surface of at least one second spacer 5 outside at least one second branch B2, and the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 are provided in one-to-one correspondence.

[0097] The first electrode layer 12 of the embodiment of the present disclosure adopts two first transmission lines 121 and second transmission lines 122 (i.e., a microstrip line structure) arranged side by side and spaced apart, and the second electrode layer 22 adopts a ground electrode, so that the microstrip line and the ground electrode constitute a transmission structure for microwave signals. Among them, the first trunk line A1 in the first transmission line 121 and the second trunk line A2 in the second transmission line 122 are used to transmit radio frequency signals, and the first branch B1 in the first transmission line 121 and the second branch B2 in the second transmission line 122 are mainly used for impedance matching and forming a longitudinal electric field in the overlapping area with the second electrode layer 22 to adjust the deflection of the liquid crystal, change the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal, and achieve the purpose of phase shifting. By designing the first branch B1 and the second branch B2 on both sides of the first trunk line A1 and the second trunk line A2, the propagating electromagnetic waves can be disturbed, thereby generating radiation.

[0098] It should be noted that the first branch B1 and the second branch B2 disclosed in the present invention are not limited to the tree-like structures shown in Figures 3C, 4C, 5C, 6C and 7C. The first branch B1 and the second branch B2 can also adopt other shapes, such as rectangle, circle, ellipse, etc.

[0099] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG3C , FIG4C , FIG5C , FIG6C , and FIG7C , the number of the first branch B1 and the second branch B2 can both be multiple, and the first branch B1 and the second branch B2 each include a first end D1 and a second end D2 that are oppositely disposed; the first end D1 of the first branch B1 is connected to the first main line A1, and the first end D1 of the second branch B2 is connected to the second main line A2;

[0100] At least one first spacer 4 is provided on the side of the second end D2 of each first branch B1 away from the first main line A1, and at least one second spacer 5 is provided on the side of the second end D2 of each second branch B2 away from the second main line A2;

[0101] A third electrode 6 is provided on the surface of at least one first spacer 4 at the second end D2 of each first branch B1 away from the first main line A1, and a fourth electrode 7 is provided on the surface of at least one second spacer 5 at the second end D2 of each second branch B2 away from the second main line A2.

[0102] Specifically, the third electrode 6 is set next to the first branch node B1 and the fourth electrode 7 is set next to the second branch node B2. This is because the liquid crystal functional area with adjustable dielectric constant is the overlapping area of ​​each branch node and the second electrode layer 22 and the liquid crystal under part of the main line. Therefore, in order to effectively control the rapid deflection of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal functional area, the embodiment of the present disclosure sets the third electrode 6 on the first spacer 4 next to the first branch node B1 and sets the fourth electrode 7 on the second spacer 5 next to the second branch node B2. That is, they can be grown on the spacer at a specific position near the transmission line by sputter magnetron sputtering, covering the longitudinal direction of the entire liquid crystal box, thereby achieving effective control of the liquid crystal functional area. Optionally, the spacing between the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 is greater than or equal to the width between the side of the first main line A1 close to the first branch node B1 and the side of the second main line A2 close to the second branch node B2, and is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the leaky wave antenna. In this way, the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal functional area can be quickly deflected, and the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 can be prevented from overlapping with the orthographic projections of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22 .

[0103] It should be noted that, the embodiment of the present disclosure takes the example that the first branch B1 and the second branch B2 both have two dendritic structures. The embodiment of the present disclosure sets a corresponding electrode next to each dendritic structure, that is, two third electrodes 6 are set next to the first branch B1, and two fourth electrodes 7 are set next to the second branch B2; of course, when the shapes of the first branch B1 and the second branch B2 are rectangular, circular or elliptical, it is sufficient to set a third electrode 6 next to the first branch B1 and a fourth electrode 7 next to the second branch B2. This can not only ensure the rapid deflection of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal functional area, but also easily realize the design of the feeding circuit to each electrode.

[0104] It should be noted that since there are a large number of spacers used to support the liquid crystal box, the embodiment of the present disclosure only sets the corresponding third electrode and the corresponding fourth electrode on the surface of the first spacer and the second spacer near the branches on the left and right sides of each transmission line to achieve the purpose of rapid response of the liquid crystal molecules. There is no need to set the third electrode and the fourth electrode on the spacers in other places.

[0105] In specific implementations, in the leaky-wave antenna provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A-7D , the first main line A1 and the second main line A2 are symmetrically arranged, with the center line within the second electrode layer 22 extending along the direction of the first main line A1 serving as the axis of symmetry. This means that the present disclosure employs a symmetrical coupled microstrip line structure, although the first main line A1 and the second main line A2 may also be asymmetrical.

[0106] In a specific implementation, in the leaky-wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A-7D , the first branch B1 and the second branch B2 can be staggered along the extension direction of the first main line A1, and the distance between adjacent first branches B1 and second branches B2 along the extension direction of the first main line A1 is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the leaky-wave antenna. Of course, in a specific implementation, in the leaky-wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first branch B1 and the second branch B2 in Figures 3A-7D can also be symmetrically arranged.

[0107] In a specific implementation, the thickness of the first electrode layer and the thickness of the second electrode layer may be the same or different. In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the same thickness (h_copper) is adopted to facilitate production and processing and reduce manufacturing costs. h_copper may be 0.2 μm to 5 μm. In addition, the box thickness h_LCS and h_copper of the liquid crystal layer are both less than λ / 1000 (λ is the operating frequency wavelength of the leaky wave antenna), and the thickness of the first substrate and the second substrate (h_glass) is 100 μm to 10 mm.

[0108] It should be noted that the present disclosure adopts a symmetrical coupled microstrip line structure. In addition to the coupled microstrip line structure, the present disclosure can also use a differential line pair structure to form a leaky wave antenna. The differential line pair structure is: a differential transmission line (including a main line and branches) is formed on the first electrode layer, and a differential transmission line (including a main line and branches) is formed on the second electrode layer. The upper and lower branches are used to form a capacitor area to control the deflection of the liquid crystal.

[0109] In a specific implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A to 7D, the first substrate 1 also includes a first insulating layer 13 arranged between the first substrate 11 and the first electrode layer 12, and the second substrate 2 also includes a second insulating layer 23 arranged between the second substrate 21 and the second electrode layer 22. The leaky wave antenna also includes a first alignment layer (not shown) arranged on the side of the liquid crystal layer 3 close to the first substrate 1 and a second alignment layer (not shown) arranged on the side of the liquid crystal layer 3 close to the second substrate 2. Of course, the leaky wave antenna also includes some other functional film layers well known to those skilled in the art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0110] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A-5D , the third electrode 6 covers the side of the first spacer 4 facing the adjustable dielectric layer 3 (liquid crystal layer), and the fourth electrode 7 covers the side of the second spacer 5 facing the adjustable dielectric layer 3. This forms a transverse electric field on the left and right sides of the liquid crystal layer, enabling rapid deflection of the liquid crystal orientation under the control of the transverse electric field, thereby achieving a fast response of the liquid crystal.

[0111] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A-3D , the first spacer 4 can be disposed on the side of the first substrate 1 facing the second substrate 2, and the second spacer 5 can be disposed on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1. In this way, the first spacer 4 and the third electrode 6 can be formed on the first substrate 1, and the second spacer 5 and the fourth electrode 7 can be formed on the second substrate 2, and then the leaky wave antenna can be formed through a cell-alignment process.

[0112] During specific implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A to 3D, the third electrode 6 can also cover the top surface of the first spacer 4 facing the second substrate 2, and the fourth electrode 7 can also cover the top surface of the second spacer 5 facing the first substrate 1. Specifically, since when the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 are manufactured, a metal layer is generally sputtered on the entire surface, and then the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 are formed by an etching process, due to the influence of the manufacturing process, the metal on the top surface of the first spacer 4 facing the second substrate 2 is difficult to remove, and the metal on the top surface of the second spacer 5 facing the first substrate 1 is also difficult to remove. Therefore, the third electrode 6 can also cover the top surface of the first spacer 4 facing the second substrate 2, and the fourth electrode 7 can also cover the top surface of the second spacer 5 facing the first substrate 1.

[0113] Specifically, the preparation process of the leaky wave antenna shown in FIG3B may mainly include: (1) cleaning the first substrate 11 and forming a first insulating layer 13 on the first substrate 11; (2) depositing a metal film on the side of the first insulating layer 13 away from the first substrate 11 by magnetron sputtering or electroplating process, and the metal film may include a stacked MTD-Cu / Mo-Al / Ag; (3) cleaning the metal film, coating it with photoresist, exposing, developing, etching, cleaning, and post-baking to form a first electrode layer 12; (4) stripping off the remaining photoresist; (5) coating a spacer material film layer on the side of the first electrode layer 12 away from the first substrate 11, and then exposing and developing the spacer material film layer to form a first spacer 4; (6) testing the height of the first spacer 4; (7) measuring the height of the first spacer 4; A metal material layer is deposited on the side of the spacer 4 facing away from the first substrate 11 by magnetron sputtering or electroplating process, and then the metal material layer is cleaned, coated with photoresist, exposed, developed, etched, cleaned and post-baked, and a third electrode 6 is formed on the side of the first spacer 4 facing the adjustable dielectric layer 3 and on the top surface of the first spacer 4 facing the second substrate 2; the first substrate 1 can be formed by the process of (1) to (7); then, (8) a first alignment layer is formed on the side of the first substrate 1 facing the liquid crystal layer 3; then, the process of (1) to (7) is used to form the second substrate 2; then, a second alignment layer is formed on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the liquid crystal layer 3; then, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are boxed, and then liquid crystal is poured into the liquid crystal by using a liquid crystal pouring process (ODF or VIF); finally, FPC binding, testing and other processes are carried out.

[0114] In the embodiment shown in FIG3B of the present disclosure, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 adopt a third electrode 6 and a fourth electrode 7 arrangement scheme with exactly the same structure. This scheme has the following advantages: (1) The third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 are simply arranged, and the preparation process is relatively simple; (2) The requirements for the morphology and aspect ratio characteristics of the spacers made on the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are low, and they are easy to prepare; (3) The requirements for the alignment accuracy in the box alignment stage are low, so the product yield is high; (4) The third electrode and the fourth electrode are far away from the first transmission line and the second transmission line, and the mutual coupling effect is weak, which has little interference with the design of the leaky wave antenna itself; (5) Since the third electrode and the fourth electrode are arranged on both sides of the upper and lower substrates, the feeding design is relatively simple, and ITO line feeding can be used.

[0115] As shown in Figure 8, Figure 8 takes the leaky wave antenna shown in Figure 3B as an example to illustrate the principle that the leaky wave antenna provided by the present disclosure can achieve rapid beam switching. During the operation of the leaky wave antenna, when no voltage is applied to the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7, a high voltage is applied between the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22 to form a longitudinal electric field, and the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules changes from the initial parallel arrangement state to a state parallel to the normal of the substrate, as shown in the right figure of Figure 8. When no voltage is applied to the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22, a high voltage is applied to the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 to form a transverse electric field, and the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules quickly changes to a state parallel to the transverse electric field, as shown in the left figure of Figure 8. Therefore, the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 set in the present disclosure can make the orientation of the liquid crystal undergo rapid deflection under the control of the electric field to achieve a fast response of the liquid crystal, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the beam scanning switching speed of the liquid crystal leaky wave antenna through the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7.

[0116] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 4A-4D , the first spacer 4 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1, and the second spacer 5 is disposed on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1. In this way, the first spacer 4 and the second spacer 5 can be formed on the second substrate 2 using a single patterning process, and the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 can be formed using a single patterning process. That is, only a magnetron sputtering process step needs to be added to the preparation process of the leaky wave antenna, and only a single mask is needed to simultaneously form the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7, without having to design differences between the upper and lower substrates as in Figure 3B .

[0117] Optionally, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 4A to FIG. 4D , the third electrode 6 also covers the top surface of the first spacer 4 facing the first substrate 1 , and the fourth electrode 7 also covers the top surface of the second spacer 5 facing the first substrate 1 .

[0118] Specifically, the preparation process flow for forming the leaky wave antenna shown in FIG4B is roughly the same as the process flow for forming the leaky wave antenna shown in FIG3B, except that the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 in FIG4B are both formed on the second substrate 2. The scheme of FIG4B has the following advantages: (1) The processing feasibility of the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 is relatively high, and the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 can be manufactured using a one-time process, that is, only one step of magnetron sputtering process needs to be added to the preparation process of the leaky wave antenna, and only one mask is needed to simultaneously manufacture the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7, without designing the difference between the upper and lower substrates as in FIG3B; (2) the production cost can be reduced; (3) since the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 are both arranged on the second substrate 2, the second electrode layer 22 (ground electrode) can be provided on the entire surface, thereby expanding the application range of the leaky wave antenna.

[0119] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 5A-5D, the first spacer 4 includes a first sub-spacer 41 and a second sub-spacer 42 arranged in a stacked manner, and the second spacer 5 includes a third sub-spacer 51 and a fourth sub-spacer 52 arranged in a stacked manner. The first sub-spacer 41 and the third sub-spacer 51 are arranged on the side of the first substrate 1 facing the second substrate 2, and the second sub-spacer 42 and the fourth sub-spacer 52 are arranged on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1. In this way, the first sub-spacer 41 and the third sub-spacer 51 can be formed on the first substrate 1, and then corresponding electrodes can be formed on the sides of the first sub-spacer 41 and the third sub-spacer 51 facing the liquid crystal layer 3; the second sub-spacer 42 and the fourth sub-spacer 52 can be formed on the second substrate 2, and then corresponding electrodes can be formed on the sides of the second sub-spacer 42 and the fourth sub-spacer 52 facing the liquid crystal layer 3. Then, the leaky wave antenna can be formed through a cell-aligning process.

[0120] Optionally, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 5A-5D, the third electrode 5 also covers the top surface between the first sub-spacer 41 and the second sub-spacer 42, and the fourth electrode 6 also covers the top surface between the third sub-spacer 51 and the fourth sub-spacer 52.

[0121] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG5A to FIG5D , the third electrode 6 includes a first sub-electrode 61 and a second sub-electrode 62 that are stacked. The first sub-electrode 61 covers the side surface of the first sub-spacer 41 facing the adjustable dielectric layer 3 and the top surface of the first sub-spacer 41 facing the second substrate 2. The second sub-electrode 62 covers the side surface of the second sub-spacer 42 facing the adjustable dielectric layer 3 and the top surface of the second sub-spacer 42 facing the first substrate 1.

[0122] The fourth electrode 7 includes a third sub-electrode 71 and a fourth sub-electrode 72 that are stacked, the third sub-electrode 71 covers the side surface of the third sub-spacer 51 facing the adjustable dielectric layer 3 and covers the top surface of the third sub-spacer 51 facing the second substrate 2, and the fourth sub-electrode 72 covers the side surface of the fourth sub-spacer 52 facing the adjustable dielectric layer 3 and covers the top surface of the fourth sub-spacer 52 facing the first substrate 2.

[0123] In this way, a first sub-spacer 41 and a third sub-spacer 51 can be formed on the first substrate 1, and then a whole layer of metal is sputtered on the side of the first sub-spacer 41 and the third sub-spacer 51 facing the second substrate 2, and then a first sub-electrode 61 and a third sub-electrode 71 are formed through a patterning process; a second sub-spacer 42 and a fourth sub-spacer 52 are formed on the second substrate 2, and then a whole layer of metal is sputtered on the side of the second sub-spacer 42 and the fourth sub-spacer 52 facing the first substrate 1, and then a second sub-electrode 62 and a fourth sub-electrode 72 are formed through a patterning process, and then a leaky wave antenna is formed through a box-aligning process.

[0124] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 5A-5D, the first sub-spacer 41 and the second sub-spacer 42 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the third electrode 6 between the first sub-spacer 41 and the second sub-spacer 42, and the third sub-spacer 51 and the fourth sub-spacer 52 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the fourth electrode 7 between the third sub-spacer 51 and the fourth sub-spacer 52. In this way, the manufacturing process of the spacers and electrodes on the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 is the same, the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 can be manufactured using the same mask, and the symmetrical arrangement can achieve a relatively high alignment accuracy of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2.

[0125] Of course, the first sub-spacer 41 and the second sub-spacer 42 can also be set asymmetrically, and the third sub-spacer 51 and the fourth sub-spacer 52 can also be set asymmetrically, as long as the total thickness of the first sub-spacer 41, the third electrode 6, and the second sub-spacer 42 is the same as the total thickness of the third sub-spacer 51, the fourth electrode 7, and the fourth sub-spacer 52, so as to achieve precise box alignment between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2.

[0126] Specifically, the preparation process flow of the leaky wave antenna shown in Figure 5B of the embodiment of the present disclosure is roughly the same as the process flow for forming the leaky wave antenna shown in Figure 3B, with the difference that: after the first substrate 1 is formed, a first sub-spacer 41 and a third sub-spacer 51 are formed on the side of the first substrate 1 facing the second substrate 2, and a first sub-electrode 61 is formed on the side of the first sub-spacer 41 facing the liquid crystal layer 3 and the top surface facing the second substrate 2, and a third sub-electrode 71 is formed on the side of the third sub-spacer 51 facing the liquid crystal layer 3 and the top surface facing the second substrate 2; after the second substrate 2 is formed, a second sub-spacer 42 and a fourth sub-spacer 52 are formed on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1, and a second sub-electrode 62 is formed on the side of the second sub-spacer 42 facing the liquid crystal layer 3 and the top surface facing the first substrate 1, and a fourth sub-electrode 72 is formed on the side of the fourth sub-spacer 52 facing the liquid crystal layer 3 and the top surface facing the first substrate 1. The solution of Figure 6B has the following advantages: the upper and lower substrates adopt an electrode arrangement scheme with a completely symmetrical structure. When preparing the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7, since the electrode structures of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are identical and symmetrical, they can share the same mask, which can greatly reduce production costs.

[0127] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG6A to FIG6D , the first spacer 4 is provided on the side of the first substrate 1 facing the second substrate 2 , and the second spacer 5 is provided on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1 ;

[0128] The third electrode 6 is disposed on the top surface of the first spacer 4 facing the second substrate 2 , and the fourth electrode 7 is disposed on the top surface of the second spacer 5 facing the first substrate 1 .

[0129] Specifically, Figures 3B, 4B, and 5B all use a magnetron sputtering process to prepare the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7. The third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 cannot be made thick (≤2μm), so the voltage that the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 can withstand is relatively small, which makes the lateral electric field formed between the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 relatively weak, and the liquid crystal deflection response speed is slightly improved. The preparation process flow of the leaky wave antenna shown in Figure 6B of the present embodiment is roughly the same as the process flow for forming the leaky wave antenna shown in Figure 3B, with the difference that the thickness of the first spacer 4 and the second spacer 5 in Figure 6B is relatively thin, so that a thicker third electrode 6 can be deposited on the first spacer 4, and a thicker fourth electrode 7 can be deposited on the second spacer 5. That is, this embodiment can use electroplating / multiple magnetron sputtering / evaporation schemes to prepare thick metal layers, and the thickness of the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 can reach the thickness of the liquid crystal box. The solution of FIG6B has the following advantages: (1) a larger voltage can be applied to the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7, which can significantly improve the liquid crystal deflection electric control response speed compared with the aforementioned embodiment; (2) the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 can be directly arranged on the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, without the need to construct spacers as the base of the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7, thereby reducing the processing difficulty.

[0130] In a specific implementation, in the leaky-wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 6A-6D , a gap may be provided between the third electrode 6 and the second substrate 2, and a gap may be provided between the fourth electrode 7 and the first substrate 1. This prevents the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 from being crushed during the alignment process, thereby improving production yield.

[0131] Of course, in specific implementation, the third electrode 6 and the second substrate 2 may also be arranged in contact with each other, and the fourth electrode 7 and the first substrate 1 may also be arranged in contact with each other.

[0132] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG7A to FIG7D , the first spacer 4 includes a first sub-spacer 41 and a second sub-spacer 42 that are stacked, and the second spacer 5 includes a third sub-spacer 51 and a fourth sub-spacer 52 that are stacked. The first sub-spacer 41 and the third sub-spacer 51 are arranged on a side of the first substrate 1 facing the second substrate 2, and the second sub-spacer 42 and the fourth sub-spacer 52 are arranged on a side of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1.

[0133] The third electrode 6 is disposed between the top surfaces of the first sub-spacer 41 and the second sub-spacer 42 , and the fourth electrode 7 is disposed between the top surfaces of the third sub-spacer 51 and the fourth sub-spacer 52 .

[0134] Specifically, the embodiment shown in FIG7B can prepare a thick metal layer, for example, the thickness of the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 can reach the thickness of the liquid crystal box, so that a larger voltage can be applied to the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7, which can significantly improve the liquid crystal deflection electric control response speed.

[0135] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 7A-7D , the third electrode 6 includes a first sub-electrode 61 and a second sub-electrode 62 stacked together, and the fourth electrode 7 includes a third sub-electrode 71 and a fourth sub-electrode 72 stacked together. The first sub-electrode 61 is disposed on the side of the first sub-spacer 41 facing the second substrate 2, the second sub-electrode 62 is disposed on the side of the second sub-spacer 42 facing the first substrate 1, the third sub-electrode 71 is disposed on the side of the third sub-spacer 51 facing the second substrate 2, and the fourth sub-electrode 72 is disposed on the side of the fourth sub-spacer 52 facing the first substrate 1. Sub-electrodes are formed on each sub-spacer, and then thicker third and fourth electrodes 6 and 7 are formed through alignment. Therefore, this solution disperses thick metal on the upper and lower substrates for separate processing, significantly reducing the difficulty of processing thick metal (>6μm).

[0136] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 7A to 7D, the structure formed by the first sub-spacer 41 and the first sub-electrode 61 and the structure formed by the second sub-spacer 42 and the second sub-electrode 62 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the contact surface between the first sub-electrode 61 and the second sub-electrode 62, and the structure formed by the third sub-spacer 51 and the third sub-electrode 71 and the structure formed by the fourth sub-spacer 52 and the fourth sub-electrode 72 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the contact surface between the third sub-electrode 71 and the fourth sub-electrode 71. In this way, the upper and lower substrates adopt an electrode arrangement scheme with completely symmetrical structures. When preparing the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7, since the electrode structures of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are identical and symmetrical, they can share the same mask, which can greatly reduce production costs.

[0137] Of course, the structure formed by the first sub-spacer 41 and the first sub-electrode 61 and the structure formed by the second sub-spacer 42 and the second sub-electrode 62 can also be set asymmetrically, and the structure formed by the third sub-spacer 51 and the third sub-electrode 71 and the structure formed by the fourth sub-spacer 52 and the fourth sub-electrode 72 can also be set asymmetrically, as long as the total thickness of the first sub-spacer 41, the third electrode 6, and the second sub-spacer 42 can be the same as the total thickness of the third sub-spacer 51, the fourth electrode 7, and the fourth sub-spacer 52, so as to achieve precise box alignment between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2.

[0138] Specifically, the preparation process flow of the leaky wave antenna shown in Figure 7B of the embodiment of the present disclosure is roughly the same as the process flow for forming the leaky wave antenna shown in Figure 3B, with the difference that: after the first substrate 1 is formed, a first sub-spacer 41 and a third sub-spacer 51 are formed on the side of the first substrate 1 facing the second substrate 2, and a first sub-electrode 61 is formed on the top surface of the first sub-spacer 41, and a third sub-electrode 71 is formed on the top surface of the third sub-spacer 51; after the second substrate 2 is formed, a second sub-spacer 42 and a fourth sub-spacer 52 are formed on the side of the second substrate 2 facing the first substrate 1, and a second sub-electrode 62 is formed on the top surface of the second sub-spacer 42, and a fourth sub-electrode 72 is formed on the top surface of the fourth sub-spacer 52. The scheme of FIG7B has the following advantages: (1) This embodiment adopts high-precision alignment to prepare thick metal layers, and the thickness of the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 can reach the thickness of the liquid crystal box; (2) The preparation of thick metal layers (>6μm) is very difficult. If it is processed by electroplating / multiple sputtering / evaporation, it is difficult to control the processing accuracy. This scheme disperses the thick metal on the upper and lower substrates for processing respectively, which can greatly reduce the processing difficulty. For the requirement that the thickness of the third electrode and the fourth electrode is less than 6μm, the construction of the third electrode and the fourth electrode can be completed by a single magnetron sputtering; (3) The third electrode and the fourth electrode of this scheme are thicker, and a larger voltage can be applied, which can significantly improve the liquid crystal deflection electric control response speed; (4) The third electrode and the fourth electrode can be directly arranged on the substrate without constructing a spacer as the substrate of the third electrode and the fourth electrode.

[0139] In a specific implementation, the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG9A to FIG9D , further includes a plurality of third spacers 8 disposed between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 , and each of the third spacers 8 is dispersedly disposed between the first transmission line 121 and the second transmission line 122 ;

[0140] The device further includes a fifth electrode 91 and a sixth electrode 92 disposed on the surface of at least one third spacer 8. The fifth electrode 91 and the sixth electrode 92 are spaced apart from each other, and the fifth electrode 91 and the third electrode 6 are disposed opposite each other, and the sixth electrode 92 and the fourth electrode 7 are disposed opposite each other.

[0141] The fifth electrode 91 and the sixth electrode 92 are respectively insulated from the second electrode layer 22 .

[0142] Specifically, by disposing the fifth electrode 91 and the sixth electrode 92 between the first transmission line 121 and the second transmission line 122 , the electrode spacing can be reduced, thereby obtaining a higher lateral electric field strength, thereby further improving the liquid crystal deflection response speed.

[0143] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 9A to 9D , the fifth electrode 91 is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the third electrode 6, and the sixth electrode 92 is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the fourth electrode 7. This ensures that the liquid crystal in each liquid crystal functional area can achieve a fast response.

[0144] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 9A to 9D , the structure of the fifth electrode 91 is the same as the structure of one of the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7, and the structure of the sixth electrode 92 is the same as the structure of one of the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7. Specifically, the embodiment of the present disclosure takes the arrangement of the fifth electrode 91 and the sixth electrode 92 between the first transmission line 121 and the second transmission line 122 based on the structure of Figure 3B , and the third spacer 8 and the fifth electrode 91 and the sixth electrode 92 are arranged on the first substrate 1 as an example. Of course, the fifth electrode 91 and the sixth electrode 92 may also be arranged between the first transmission line 121 and the second transmission line 122 based on the structures of Figures 4B , 5B, 6B, and 7B.

[0145] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG9A to FIG9D , the spacing between the third electrode 6 and the fifth electrode 91 is greater than or equal to the width of the first main line A1, and less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the leaky wave antenna. This allows for rapid deflection of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal functional area while ensuring that the third electrode 6 and the fifth electrode 91 do not overlap with the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22 in orthographic projection.

[0146] The spacing between the fourth electrode 7 and the sixth electrode 92 is greater than or equal to the width of the second main line A2, and less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the leaky wave antenna; this can not only achieve rapid deflection of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal functional area, but also ensure that the fourth electrode 7 and the sixth electrode 92 do not overlap with the orthographic projections of the first electrode layer 12 and the second electrode layer 22.

[0147] In specific implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A to 7D and Figures 9A to 9D, the third electrodes 6 corresponding to the first branches B1 can be arranged at equal intervals along the extension direction of the first main line A1, or can be arranged at non-equal intervals; the fourth electrodes 7 corresponding to the second branches B2 can be arranged at equal intervals along the extension direction of the second main line A2, or can be arranged at non-equal intervals.

[0148] In a specific implementation, in the above-mentioned leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A to 7D and Figures 9A to 9D, the third electrodes 6 corresponding to the first branches B1 can be distributed with equal periods or non-equal periods along the extension direction of the first main line A1; the fourth electrodes 7 corresponding to the second branches B2 can be distributed with equal periods or non-equal periods along the extension direction of the second main line A2.

[0149] In a specific implementation, in the leaky wave antenna provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, as shown in Figures 3A-7D and 9A-9D, the orthographic projections of the first spacer 4 and the second spacer 5 on the first substrate 11 include at least one of a circle, an ellipse, and a square. In this way, the third electrode 6 and the fourth electrode 7 formed on the surfaces of the first spacer 4 and the second spacer 5 can change in accordance with the shape of the first spacer 4 and the second spacer 5.

[0150] In specific implementation, the leaky wave antenna provided by the present disclosure may further include other functional film layers well known to those skilled in the art, which are not listed here one by one.

[0151] In summary, the leaky wave antenna provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure has at least the following technical effects:

[0152] 1. A fast-response liquid crystal leaky wave antenna with lateral electrodes is proposed. The fast response of the liquid crystal can be achieved through electrical control, thereby realizing fast beam switching and fixed-frequency scanning of the liquid crystal antenna.

[0153] 2. A specific lateral electrode preparation and processing method was proposed and optimized to simultaneously achieve fast liquid crystal response and reduce the mutual coupling interference between the lateral electric field and the radio frequency signal.

[0154] 3. Compared with loading a PIN diode or a varactor diode in a leaky-wave antenna to achieve fixed-frequency scanning, the fixed-frequency scanning leaky-wave antenna is not subject to packaging parameter requirements, can operate at a higher frequency, and the scanning effect will not deteriorate dramatically as the frequency increases.

[0155] 4. Compared with loading MEMS RF capacitors on leaky wave antennas to achieve fixed-frequency scanning, loading MEMS RF capacitors is essentially a mechanical structure, so mechanical fatigue will occur, but the fixed-frequency scanning leaky wave antenna will not be hindered by mechanical fatigue to its widespread application.

[0156] 5. Compared with the fixed-frequency scanning antenna loaded with PIN diodes, varactor diodes or MEMS radio frequency, the liquid crystal leaky wave antenna proposed in the present disclosure can achieve fast and continuous scanning under electronic control conditions.

[0157] Based on the same inventive concept, the present disclosure also provides an electronic device including any of the leaky wave antennas described above. The implementation of the electronic device can refer to the leaky wave antenna embodiments described above, and the repetitive parts will not be repeated.

[0158] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a leaky wave antenna and electronic device. By controlling the voltage applied to the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer (forming a longitudinal electric field), the dielectric constant of the adjustable dielectric layer can be controlled, thereby adjusting the radiation direction of the leaky wave antenna and realizing the fixed-frequency scanning function of the leaky wave antenna. During the rising process of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal is driven by the longitudinal electric field to change from the initial parallel arrangement state to the state parallel to the substrate normal, so t on The present disclosure also provides a third electrode and a fourth electrode disposed opposite each other on the spacers on both sides of the length direction of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In this way, a transverse electric field is formed by applying a voltage to the third electrode and the fourth electrode. The liquid crystal descends during the process driven by the transverse electric field and the anchoring effect of the alignment layer (not shown) to restore it to its initial parallel arrangement state. Therefore, the present disclosure can greatly shorten t off time. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a leaky wave antenna that controls the change in the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal through a third electrode and a fourth electrode, so that the main beam of the leaky wave antenna changes angle with changes in voltage, and achieves rapid deflection of the liquid crystal molecules under the action of the electrical signal, thereby achieving rapid scanning of the leaky wave antenna beam. In addition, the third electrode and the fourth electrode used to form the transverse electric field in the present disclosure are arranged on the surface of the spacer, which facilitates the vertical growth of the third electrode and the fourth electrode in the liquid crystal box, thereby forming a larger area of ​​transverse capacitance.

[0159] Although the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they have learned the basic creative concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0160] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Thus, if such changes and modifications of the embodiments of the present disclosure fall within the scope of the claims of the present disclosure and their equivalents, the present disclosure is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A leaky-wave antenna, wherein, Comprising: A relatively arranged first substrate and a second substrate, an adjustable dielectric layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a plurality of first spacers and a plurality of second spacers dispersedly disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; wherein, The first substrate includes a first substrate and a first electrode layer disposed on a side of the first substrate facing the adjustable dielectric layer, the second substrate includes a second substrate and a second electrode layer disposed on a side of the second substrate facing the adjustable dielectric layer, and the second electrode layer and the first electrode layer are disposed opposite to each other; the plurality of first spacers are disposed on one side in the length direction of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, and the plurality of second spacers are disposed on the other side in the length direction of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; The leaky wave antenna further includes: a third electrode disposed on a surface of at least one of the first spacers, and a fourth electrode disposed on a surface of at least one of the second spacers; the third electrode and the fourth electrode are disposed opposite to each other.

2. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein, A positive projection of the third electrode on the first substrate does not overlap with positive projections of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer on the first substrate, and a positive projection of the fourth electrode on the first substrate does not overlap with positive projections of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer on the first substrate.

3. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The first electrode layer includes a first transmission line and a second transmission line arranged side by side at intervals, the first transmission line includes a first main line and at least one first branch connected to one side in the extending direction of the first main line, and the first branch is disposed on a side of the first main line away from the second transmission line; the second transmission line includes a second main line and at least one second branch connected to one side in the extending direction of the second main line, and the second branch is disposed on a side of the second main line away from the first transmission line; the second electrode layer is a ground electrode layer; wherein, At least one of the first spacers is disposed outside at least one of the first branches, and at least one of the second spacers is disposed outside at least one of the second branches; The third electrode is disposed on a surface of at least one of the first spacers outside at least one of the first branches, and the fourth electrode is disposed on a surface of at least one of the second spacers outside at least one of the second branches, and the third electrode and the fourth electrode are disposed in one-to-one correspondence.

4. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 3, wherein, The number of the first branches and the second branches is multiple, and both the first branches and the second branches include a first end and a second end disposed opposite to each other; the first end of the first branch is connected to the first main line, and the first end of the second branch is connected to the second main line; At least one of the first spacers is disposed on a side of the second end of each of the first branches away from the first main line, and at least one of the second spacers is disposed on a side of the second end of each of the second branches away from the second main line; The third electrode is disposed on at least one surface of the first spacer on the side away from the first main line at the second end of each of the first branches, and the fourth electrode is disposed on at least one surface of the second spacer on the side away from the second main line at the second end of each of the second branches.

5. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 4, wherein, The distance between the third electrode and the fourth electrode is greater than or equal to the width between the side of the first main line close to the first branch and the side of the second main line close to the second branch, and less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the leaky wave antenna.

6. The leaky wave antenna according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein the third electrode covers the side surface of the first spacer facing the tunable dielectric layer, and the fourth electrode covers the side surface of the second spacer facing the tunable dielectric layer.

7. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 6, wherein, The first spacer is disposed on the side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second spacer is disposed on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate.

8. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 7, wherein, The third electrode further covers the top surface of the first spacer facing the second substrate, and the fourth electrode further covers the top surface of the second spacer facing the first substrate.

9. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 6, wherein, The first spacer is disposed on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and the second spacer is disposed on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate.

10. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 9, wherein, The third electrode further covers the top surface of the first spacer facing the first substrate, and the fourth electrode further covers the top surface of the second spacer facing the first substrate.

11. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 6, wherein, The first spacer includes a first sub-spacer and a second sub-spacer stacked, and the second spacer includes a third sub-spacer and a fourth sub-spacer stacked. The first sub-spacer and the third sub-spacer are disposed on the side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second sub-spacer and the fourth sub-spacer are disposed on the side of the second substrate facing the first substrate.

12. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 11, wherein, The third electrode further covers the top surface between the first sub-spacer and the second sub-spacer, and the fourth electrode further covers the top surface between the third sub-spacer and the fourth sub-spacer.

13. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 12, wherein, The third electrode includes a first sub-electrode and a second sub-electrode stacked. The first sub-electrode covers the side surface of the first sub-spacer facing the tunable dielectric layer and the top surface of the first sub-spacer facing the second substrate, and the second sub-electrode covers the side surface of the second sub-spacer facing the tunable dielectric layer and the top surface of the second sub-spacer facing the first substrate; The fourth electrode includes a third sub-electrode and a fourth sub-electrode stacked. The third sub-electrode covers the side surface of the third sub-spacer facing the tunable dielectric layer and the top surface of the third sub-spacer facing the second substrate, and the fourth sub-electrode covers the side surface of the fourth sub-spacer facing the tunable dielectric layer and the top surface of the fourth sub-spacer facing the first substrate.

14. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 13, wherein, The first sub-spacer and the second sub-spacer are symmetrically arranged with respect to the third electrode between the first sub-spacer and the second sub-spacer, and the third sub-spacer and the fourth sub-spacer are symmetrically arranged with respect to the fourth electrode between the third sub-spacer and the fourth sub-spacer.

15. The leaky wave antenna according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein, The first spacer is arranged on one side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second spacer is arranged on one side of the second substrate facing the first substrate; The third electrode is arranged on the top surface of the first spacer facing the second substrate, and the fourth electrode is arranged on the top surface of the second spacer facing the first substrate.

16. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 15, wherein, There is a gap between the third electrode and the second substrate, and there is a gap between the fourth electrode and the first substrate.

17. The leaky wave antenna according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein, The first spacer includes a first sub-spacer and a second sub-spacer arranged in a stacked manner, the second spacer includes a third sub-spacer and a fourth sub-spacer arranged in a stacked manner, the first sub-spacer and the third sub-spacer are arranged on one side of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and the second sub-spacer and the fourth sub-spacer are arranged on one side of the second substrate facing the first substrate; The third electrode is arranged between the top surfaces of the first sub-spacer and the second sub-spacer, and the fourth electrode is arranged between the top surfaces of the third sub-spacer and the fourth sub-spacer.

18. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 17, wherein, The third electrode includes a first sub-electrode and a second sub-electrode arranged in a stacked manner, the fourth electrode includes a third sub-electrode and a fourth sub-electrode arranged in a stacked manner, the first sub-electrode is arranged on one side of the first sub-spacer facing the second substrate, the second sub-electrode is arranged on one side of the second sub-spacer facing the first substrate, the third sub-electrode is arranged on one side of the third sub-spacer facing the second substrate, and the fourth sub-electrode is arranged on one side of the fourth sub-spacer facing the first substrate.

19. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 18, wherein, The structure formed by the first sub-spacer and the first sub-electrode is symmetrically arranged with respect to the contact surface between the first sub-electrode and the second sub-electrode with the structure formed by the second sub-spacer and the second sub-electrode, and the structure formed by the third sub-spacer and the third sub-electrode is symmetrically arranged with respect to the contact surface between the third sub-electrode and the fourth sub-electrode with the structure formed by the fourth sub-spacer and the fourth sub-electrode.

20. The leaky wave antenna according to any one of claims 3-19, wherein, It further includes a plurality of third spacers arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and each of the third spacers is dispersedly arranged between the first transmission line and the second transmission line; It further includes a fifth electrode and a sixth electrode arranged on the surface of at least one of the third spacers, the fifth electrode and the sixth electrode are arranged at intervals, and the fifth electrode is arranged opposite to the third electrode, and the sixth electrode is arranged opposite to the fourth electrode; The fifth electrode and the sixth electrode are respectively insulated from the second electrode layer.

21. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 20, wherein, The fifth electrode is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the third electrode, and the sixth electrode is arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the fourth electrode.

22. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 21, wherein, The structure of the fifth electrode is the same as that of one of the third electrode and the fourth electrode, and the structure of the sixth electrode is the same as that of one of the third electrode and the fourth electrode.

23. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 21, wherein, The distance between the third electrode and the fifth electrode is greater than or equal to the width of the first main line and less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the leaky wave antenna. The distance between the fourth electrode and the sixth electrode is greater than or equal to the width of the second main line and less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the leaky wave antenna.

24. The leaky wave antenna according to any one of claims 3-5, wherein, Taking the center line along the extending direction of the first main line in the second electrode layer as the symmetry axis, the first main line and the second main line are symmetrically arranged.

25. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 24, wherein, The first branch and the second branch are arranged in a staggered manner along the extending direction of the first main line, and the distance between the adjacent first branch and the second branch along the extending direction of the first main line is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the operating frequency of the leaky wave antenna.

26. The leaky wave antenna according to claim 24, wherein, The first branch and the second branch are symmetrically arranged.

27. The leaky wave antenna according to any one of claims 3-26, wherein, The third electrodes corresponding to the first branches are arranged at equal intervals or non-equal intervals along the extending direction of the first main line, and the fourth electrodes corresponding to the second branches are arranged at equal intervals or non-equal intervals along the extending direction of the second main line.

28. The leaky wave antenna according to any one of claims 3-27, wherein, The third electrodes corresponding to the first branches are distributed at equal periods or non-equal periods along the extending direction of the first main line, and the fourth electrodes corresponding to the second branches are distributed at equal periods or non-equal periods along the extending direction of the second main line.

29. The leaky wave antenna according to any one of claims 3-28, wherein, The orthographic projection shapes of the first spacer and the second spacer on the first substrate include at least one of a circle, an ellipse, and a square.

30. The leaky wave antenna according to any one of claims 1-29, wherein, The adjustable dielectric layer includes a liquid crystal layer.

31. An electronic device, wherein, Including the leaky wave antenna according to any one of claims 1-30.

Images