Energy saving in centralized unit split architecture
By enabling communication between gNB-CU-CP and gNB-CU-UP/DU to detect low load conditions, the system allows these components to enter energy-saving modes, addressing inefficiencies in current CU split architecture and reducing energy consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/129268
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-08
AI Technical Summary
Current Centralized Unit (CU) split architecture in Radio Access Networks (RAN) lacks flexibility in energy saving, as components like gNB-CU-UP and gNB-DU continue to consume energy regardless of traffic load, leading to inefficiencies.
Implement a system where the gNB-CU-CP and gNB-CU-UP/DU communicate to detect low load conditions, allowing the gNB-CU-UP and gNB-DU to enter an energy saving mode by transmitting appropriate indications and managing inactivity durations.
This approach enables systematic energy saving in CU-DU split architecture by allowing network components to dynamically adjust their energy consumption based on load conditions, thereby reducing overall energy usage.
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Figure CN2023129268_08052025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
ENERGY SAVING IN CENTRALIZED UNIT SPLIT ARCHITECTURE
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Various example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for energy saving in a Centralized Unit (CU) split architecture.BACKGROUND
[0003] There is an increasing focus to be able to decrease energy consumption in the Radio Access Network (RAN) , and any component is being scrutinized for energy saving. Network Energy Saving (NES) is expected in RAN disaggregated architecture for 5G networks and beyond. A 3GPP work item on 5G NES is to be soon finalized in release 18 (Rel. 18) , and studies and discussions about network energy saving enhancements are ongoing. For example, improvements of energy saving via cell shutdown in a CU-DU architecture are expected. Moreover, there is a need to systematically consider NES at all possible network elements.SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: receive, from a second apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; and transmit, to the second apparatus, a second indication based on the first indication, the second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.
[0005] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to: transmit, to a first apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; and receive, from the first apparatus, a second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.
[0006] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, from a second apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, a second indication based on the first indication, the second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.
[0007] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; and receiving, from the first apparatus, a second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.
[0008] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; and means for transmitting, to the second apparatus, a second indication based on the first indication, the second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.
[0009] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; and means for receiving, from the first apparatus, a second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.
[0010] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the third aspect.
[0011] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fourth aspect.
[0012] It is to be understood that the Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0015] FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram of a gNB-CU split architecture;
[0016] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart for energy saving in the gNB-CU split architecture according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling chart for energy saving related to a central unit-control plane (CP) of a gNB (gNB-CU-CP) and a central unit-user plane (UP) of a gNB (gNB-CU-UP) according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling chart for energy saving related to gNB-CU-CP and distributed unit (DU) of a gNB (gNB-DU) according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first apparatus according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second apparatus according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0022] FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0023] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0025] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0026] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0027] It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second, ” …, etc. in front of noun (s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun (s) . For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0028] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0029] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.
[0030] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0031] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0032] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0033] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0034] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0035] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0036] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0037] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0038] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0039] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some example embodiments, radio access network (RAN) split architecture comprises a Centralized Unit (CU) and a Distributed Unit (DU) at an IAB donor node. An IAB node comprises a Mobile Terminal (IAB-MT) part that behaves like a UE toward the parent node, and a DU part of an IAB node behaves like a base station toward the next-hop IAB node.
[0040] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0041] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “resource block, ” “physical resource block” (PRB) , “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, for example, a communication between a terminal device and a network device, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other combination of the time, frequency, space and / or code domain resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0042] FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. In the environment 100, a CU split architecture is illustrated. In this CU split architecture, a first apparatus 110 and a second apparatus 120 are shown and they may communicate with each other. In some example embodiments, at least a part of functionalities of a network device (e.g., a gNB) may be configured to be performed by the first apparatus, and at least another part of functionalities of the network device may be configured to be performed by the second apparatus 120.
[0043] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may comprise or may be a central unit-control plane (CU-CP) of the network device, for example, a gNB-CU-CP. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 may comprise a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, for example, a gNB-CU-UP. Alternatively, the second apparatus 120 may comprise a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, for example, a gNB-DU.
[0044] In example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may communicate with a plurality of second apparatuses 120. For example, the gNB-CU-CP may communicate with one or more gNB-CU-UPs via an E1 connection, and / or may communicate with one or more gNB-DUs via an F1 connection. More details in this regard will be discussed with FIG. 2 as follows.
[0045] It is to be understood that the number of second apparatus and first apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of second apparatus and first apparatus.
[0046] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the first apparatus 110 operating as a gNB-CU-CP and the second apparatus 120 operating as a gNB-CU-UP or a gNB-DU. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a gNB-CU-CP may be implemented at other suitable device, and operations described in connection with a gNB-CU-UP or a gNB-DU may be implemented at other suitable device as well.
[0047] Communications between a network device and other devices in the environment 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0048] FIG. 2 illustrates an example diagram of a gNB-CU split architecture 200. As shown, the architecture 200 involves a gNB-CU-CP 210, a plurality of gNB-CU-UPs 220 and a plurality of gNB-DUs 230. The architecture 200 may be implemented as a gNB disaggregated CU-DU split architecture. In some examples, the gNB-CU-CP 210, the plurality of gNB-CU-UPs 220 and the plurality of gNB-DUs 230 may be associated with one cloud gNB or one cloud RAN.
[0049] In some scenarios, one gNB-DU 230 may be connected to only one gNB-CU-CP 210 and one gNB-CU-UP 210 may be connected to only one gNB-CU-CP 210. In some other scenarios, for resiliency, one gNB-DU 230 and / or one gNB-CU-UP 220 may be connected to multiple gNB-CU-CPs 210 by appropriate implementation. In these cases, one gNB-DU 230 may be connected to a plurality of gNB-CU-UPs 220 under the control of the same gNB-CU-CP 210 and one gNB-CU-UP 220 may be connected to a plurality of gNB-DUs 230 under the control of the same gNB-CU-CP 210.
[0050] In some examples, the connectivity between the gNB-CU-UP 220 and the gNB-DU 230 is established by the gNB-CU-CP 210 using Bearer Context Management functions. The gNB-CU-CP 210 selects the appropriate gNB-CU-UP (s) for the requested services for the UE.
[0051] In some examples, the gNB-CU-CP 210 may communicate with a plurality of gNB-CU-UPs 220 via an E1 connections. The gNB-CU-CP 210 may communicate with a plurality of gNB-DUs 230 via F1 connections (also referred to as F1-C connections) .
[0052] In some examples, the gNB-CU-UP 220 may communicate with the gNB-DUs 230 via F1 connections (also referred to as F1-U connections) .
[0053] In some examples, gNB-CU-UP (s) may report load status to the gNB-CU-CP 210 via E1 connection (s) . In some cases, if a gNB-CU-UP 220 overloads, it may use the GNB-CU-UP STATUS INDICATION message to indicate overload status. Then the gNB-CU-CP 210 may apply overload reduction actions until informed, with a new GNB-CU-UP STATUS INDICATION message, that the overload situation has ceased. In this way, the gNB-CU-UP 220 may report to the gNB-CU-CP 210 initiatively.
[0054] In some other cases, the gNB-CU-CP 210 may obtain load status of a gNB-CU-UP 220 by initiating a RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message explicitly to start a measurement or stop the measurement. If the gNB-CU-UP 220 is capable to provide all requested resource status information, it may initiate the measurement as requested by the gNB-CU-CP 210 and respond to the gNB-CU-CP 210 with the RESOURCE STATUS RESPONSE message. In this way, the gNB-CU-CP 210 may request the gNB-CU-UP 220 to measure and report load status.
[0055] In some examples, gNB-DU (s) may report load status to a gNB-CU-CP via F1 connection. In some cases, a gNB-DU 230 may transmit Overload Information IE in the GNB-DU STATUS INDICATION message indicates that the gNB-DU 230 overloads, and the gNB-CU-CP 210 may apply overload reduction actions until informed, with a new GNB-DU STATUS INDICATION message, that the overload situation has ceased.
[0056] In some other cases, if the gNB-CU-CP 210 initiates a procedure by transmitting the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message to the gNB-DU 230 to start a measurement, stop a measurement or add cells to report for a measurement. In some other cases, the gNB-DU 230 may report results of admitted measurements in RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE message. The admitted measurements may be the measurements that were successfully initiated during the preceding Resource Status Reporting Initiation procedure.
[0057] As described above, the gNB may apply overload reduction actions for energy saving. Currently switching off is one of the most effective means to save energy (e.g., power) , and it is done at cell level for base station energy saving in traditional distributed base stations. This entails that an entire radio unit (RU) or some of its hardware (HW) components powering the cell may be switched off. This is helpful because the RU is the largest contributor to the power consumed in the base station.
[0058] There is an increasing focus to be able to decrease energy consumption in the RAN network, and any component is being scrutinized for energy saving. Therefore, in CU-DU split architecture, it is beneficial to enable switching off gNB-CU-UP (s) and gNB-DU(s) components besides RU (s) . However, there are some problems that operating CU and DU is not allowed in the most energy efficient mode.
[0059] For example, during the operational phase of gNB, currently the gNB-CU-UP (s) are up and consuming energy all the time irrespective of the traffic load. The current means do not flexibly allow to switch off the gNB-CU-UP when there is no load to save the energy.
[0060] For another example, during the operational phase of gNB, currently the gNB-DU(s) are up and consuming energy all the time irrespective of the traffic load. Instead, when there is no load then the gNB-DU (s) could be switched off to save the energy. The current means do not allow flexibility for this scenario too.
[0061] For the network slice case, currently even if specific slice traffic is not used / not present, the gNB-CU-UP (s) reserved for the network slices are up and consuming energy all the time.
[0062] Moreover, shortcoming linked to legacy load reporting over an E1 connection includes that event-triggered reporting exists for overload only, not for low load. Low load may only be signaled via periodic reporting. Shortcoming linked to legacy load reporting over an F1 connection includes event-triggered reporting exists for overload only, not for low load. Low load may only be signaled via periodic reporting on a per cell basis.
[0063] To this end, the present disclosure proposes a solution which enables systematic energy saving in gNB disaggregated CU-DU split architecture, with the cooperation between the gNB-CU-CP and the gNB-CU-UP (s) / gNB-DU (s) (refer to the architecture in FIG. 2) . The present disclosure may be applicable beyond 5G. It is to be understand that although 5G terminology about CU and DU is used for simplicity, these terms may change in 6G. Similarly, although signalling procedures and messages defined for F1 and E1 signalling are referred herein, new signalling procedures and messages which may be introduced in further 5G releases and in 6G are also applicable for embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0064] Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0065] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart 300 for energy saving in the gNB-CU split architecture according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling chart 300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the first apparatus 110 and the second apparatus 120.
[0066] In example embodiments show with respect to FIG. 3, functionalities of a network device are distributed at a plurality of components, including but not limited to the first apparatus 110 and the second apparatus 120. For instance, some functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus 110, and some other functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by one or more second apparatuses 120. Further functions may be performed by other apparatus (s) or module (s) of the network device, which are not detailed here.
[0067] As shown in FIG. 3, the second apparatus 120 transmits (305) a first indication to the first apparatus 110. The first indication indicates that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus 120. As used herein, the term “low load condition” refers to a condition that the load at an apparatus is below a preconfigured threshold during a preconfigured period. The threshold and / or the period may be configured according to vendor specific implementations, specification requirements, system rules, or the like. In some cases, the low load condition may be explicitly indicated by an indication, for example, carried via an information element of a message. Alternatively, the low load condition may be indicated by hardware resource capacity of the apparatus. For instance, if the hardware resource capacity of an apparatus is below a predetermined threshold, it may be determined that the load at the apparatus is relatively high and there is little capacity left. On the other hand, if the hardware resource capacity of an apparatus is higher than the predetermined threshold, it may be determined that the load at the apparatus is relatively low. In this case, it may be determined that the apparatus is in a low load condition.
[0068] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may be implemented as a gNB-CU-CP, and the second apparatus 120 may be implemented as a gNB-CU-UP. The second apparatus 120 may transmit the first indication to the first apparatus 110 via an E1 message. This E1 message may be implemented as an extended E1 message, for example, GNB-CU-UP STATUS INDICATION. In this extended E1 message, a value of an information element (e.g., gNB-CU-UP Overload Information) may be defined to indicate that the low load condition is met. For example, the value may be defined as “close-to-zero” .
[0069] Alternatively, in some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may be implemented as a gNB-CU-CP, and the second apparatus 120 may be implemented as a gNB-DU. The second apparatus 120 may transmit the first indication to the first apparatus 110 via an extended F1 message, for example, GNB-DU STATUS INDICATION. In this extended F1 message, a value of an information element (for example, gNB-DU Overload Information) indicates that the low load condition is met. Likewise, the value may be defined as “close-to-zero” , for example.
[0070] The first apparatus 110, upon receiving (310) the first indication from the second apparatus 120, will know that the second apparatus 120 is in the low load condition and thus determines that the second apparatus can go to sleep for purpose of energy saving. Then, the first apparatus 110 transmits a second indication to the second apparatus 120. The second indication indicates that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.
[0071] Additionally, the first apparatus 110 may determine a time duration (also referred to as “inactivity timer” or “inactivity duration” ) for the second apparatus 120 to sleep. In some example embodiments, the second indication may indicate a time duration during which the second apparatus 120 is allowed to be in the energy saving mode. In this case, the time duration is an allowed inactivity duration and the second apparatus 120 may decide whether it will use this duration or not. For example, the second apparatus 120 may adjust the time duration received via the second indication and determine an inactivity duration for itself.
[0072] Alternatively, in some example embodiments, the second indication may indicate a time duration during which the second apparatus 120 is in the energy saving mode. In this case, the time duration may be fixed and is dictated by first apparatus 110, and the second apparatus 120 may use the time duration as its inactivity duration directly. define simply time duration.
[0073] The first apparatus 110 and the second apparatus 120 may share information about energy saving capability with each other. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may transmit, to the second apparatus 120, a first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus 110 supports the energy saving mode. The second apparatus 120 may transmit to the first apparatus 110 a second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus 120 supports the energy saving mode.
[0074] In an example, the first apparatus 110 may be a gNB-CU-CP, and the second apparatus 120 may be a gNB-CU-UP. The first energy saving capability indication may be transmitted via an E1 message (e.g., E1 setup request) between the gNB-CU-UP and the first apparatus 110, e.g., gNB-CU-CP. Correspondingly, the second energy saving capability indication may be received via another E1 message, e.g., an E1 setup response, which is transmitted from the gNB-CU-CP to the gNB-CU-UP.
[0075] Alternatively, in some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120, for example, either the gNB-CU-UP or the gNB-DU, may initiate energy saving capability exchange with the first apparatus 110, e, g., gNB-CU-CP. In an example embodiment, the first apparatus 110 may receive, from the second apparatus 120, a second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus 120 supports the energy saving mode. Then, the first apparatus 110 may transmit, to the second apparatus 120, a first energy saving capability indication to indicate whether the first apparatus 110 supports the energy saving mode.
[0076] In an example, the first apparatus 110 may be a gNB-CU-CP, and the second apparatus 120 may be a gNB-CU-UP. The second energy saving capability indication may be transmitted from the second apparatus 120 to the first apparatus 110 via an E1 message, for example, an E1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is transmitted from the first apparatus 110 to the second apparatus 120 via an E1 message, for example, an E1 setup response. In another example, the first apparatus 110 may be a gNB-CU-CP, and the second apparatus 120 may be a gNB-DU. The second energy saving capability indication may be transmitted from the second apparatus 120 to the first apparatus 110 via an F1 message, for example, an F1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication may be transmitted from the first apparatus 110 to the second apparatus 120 via an F1 message, for example, an F1 setup response.
[0077] As discussed above, in some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 receives (310) the first indication from the second apparatus 120 and thus will know that the low load condition is met at the second apparatus 120. Alternatively, in some example embodiments, whether the load condition is met at a second apparatus 120 may be determined in a different way. In such cases, the first apparatus 110 may transmit, to the second apparatus 120, a hardware capacity request for information about available hardware capacity of the second apparatus, the hardware capacity request comprising a reporting threshold. If the second apparatus 120 determines that the available hardware capacity is equal to or higher than the reporting threshold, it may transmit a resource status update message containing a hardware load indicator. In response to receiving the resource status update message from the second apparatus 120, the first apparatus 110 may determine that the low load condition is met at the second apparatus 120.
[0078] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may receive indication (s) regarding low load from more than one second apparatus. For example, the first apparatus 110 may receive an indication indicating that a second apparatus 120 (e.g, a first gNB-CU-UP) is in a low load status, that is, the low load condition is met at the first gNB-CU-UP, and may receive another indication indicating that the low load condition is met at a further second apparatus 120 (e.g, a second gNB-CU-UP) . The first apparatus 110 may determine which of the second apparatuses is to enter the energy saving mode.
[0079] In example implementations, such determination may be implemented by the first apparatus 110 based on various factors, such as load, coverage area, service status, and the like. For example, the first apparatus 110 may select a second apparatus 120 which has the lowest load. In a further example, the first apparatus 110 may select a second apparatus 120 which has the minimum coverage area, so as to has less effect on terminal device (s) in the coverage area. In a still further example, the first apparatus 110 may select a second apparatus 120 which provides the lowest number of services. It is to be understood that the above discussed factors considered when determining which second apparatus 120 is to enter the energy saving mode are just examples, rather than suggest any limitations. Other suitable factors may be also considered in further example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0080] In some example embodiments, the second indication further indicates a monitoring interval for monitoring whether a connection is to be established between the first apparatus and the second apparatus. Alternatively, or in addition, the second indication may further indicate a cause for energy saving. It is to be understood that the above discussed monitoring interval and cause included in the second indication are just examples, rather than suggest any limitations. In further example embodiments of the present disclosure, the second indication may further include other information.
[0081] The second indication may be transmitted in various ways. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 is implemented as a gNB-CU-UP, and the second indication may be transmitted from the first apparatus 110 (e.g., gNB-CU-CP) to the second apparatus 120 via an energy saving information element of an E1 message, for example, an E1 release request. As response, the first apparatus 110 may receive, from the second apparatus 120, another E1 message (for example, an E1 release response) with an acknowledgement for the time duration.
[0082] As an alternative, in some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 is implemented as a gNB-DU, and the second indication may be transmitted from the first apparatus 110 (e.g., gNB-CU-CP) to the second apparatus 120 via an energy saving information element of an F1 message, for example, an F1 removal request. Then, the first apparatus 110 may receive, from the second apparatus 120, another F1 message (for example, an F1 removal response) with an acknowledgement for the time duration.
[0083] As discussed above, the second indication may indicate the time duration during which the second apparatus is to be in the energy saving mode. In some example embodiments, there may be a set of candidate energy saving modes associated with different management schemes of hardware, for example, but not limited to an energy saving mode named “micro sleep” mode, an energy saving mode named “light sleep” mode, and an energy saving mode named “deep sleep” mode. The second apparatus 120 may determine the energy saving mode based on the time duration from the set of candidate modes. It is to be understood that in example embodiments of the present disclosure, the term “energy saving mode” and “sleep mode” may be exchangeable.
[0084] Concrete implementations of these sleep modes may be realized depend on implementations of the second apparatus 120. In some example implementations, if the second apparatus 120 is to enter the “micro sleep” mode, some applications running on the second apparatus 120 and / or some circuitry may be selected to be switched off based on the time duration (i.e., the inactivity duration) to save energy. If the second apparatus 120 is to enter the “light sleep” mode, more measures may be taken to save more energy, for example, switching off more circuitry or hardware, e.g., hard disk (s) , fan (s) or the like. If the second apparatus 120 is to enter the “deep sleep” mode, the whole circuitry or hardware may be switched off for purpose of maximizing energy saving.
[0085] In some example embodiments, after the second apparatus 120 enters into an energy saving mode, it may recover from the energy saving mode at the time that the time duration (i.e., the inactivity duration) expires. In these example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 may be implemented as either gNB-CU-UP or gNB-DU.
[0086] Alternatively, in the case that the second apparatus 120 is implemented as gNB-CU-UP, the second apparatus 120 may obtain, from the second indication, a monitoring interval for monitoring whether a connection is to be established between the first apparatus and the second apparatus. For example, the second apparatus 120 may monitor an E1 setup request according to the monitoring interval during the time duration. If the E1 setup request has been received during the time duration, the second apparatus 120 may recover from the energy saving mode. If no E1 setup request is received during the time duration, the second apparatus 120 may determine an updated monitoring interval based on the monitoring interval, monitor the E1 setup request according to the updated monitoring interval, and recover from the energy saving mode if the E1 setup request has been received.
[0087] With the above example embodiments, the present disclosure can achieve advantageous technical effects. The gNB-CU-UP (s) and gNB-DU (s) may report the loading status to the gNB-CU-CP via E1 and F1-C connection respectively for low load. Such load report is event based. The gNB-CU-CP may determine when the gNB-CU-UP or gNB-DU may be switched off by using a local policy that correlates all the information it has for make a decision which gNB-CU-UP or gNB-DU may be switched off and thus released temporarily from this gNB.
[0088] Further, the gNB-CU-CP may instruct the selected gNB-CU-UP or gNB-DU that it needs not to be active / available and thus may move to an energy saving mode. The gNB-CU-CP may further indicate the duration of inactivity or sleep. This duration may be an estimated duration, and the gNB-CU-UP / gNB-DU may use this information to determine circuitry (ies) to be switched off an / or energy saving mode in circuitry (ies) that is not entirely switched off. Additionally, the gNB-DU may use this information to determine whether to switch off radio units (RUs) connected to the gNB-DU, in order to save energy as gNB-DU itself is in power saving mode.
[0089] Moreover, the gNB-CU-UP or gNB-DU may move to an energy saving mode according to the received inactivity (or sleep timer) and supported sleep modes or energy saving modes. The gNB-CU-UP or gNB-DU may inform the gNB-CU-CP about the energy saving capability.
[0090] Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which illustrates a signaling chart 400 for energy saving related to gNB-CU-CP and gNB-CU-UP according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. In the following example embodiments, for the purpose of illustration, the first apparatus 110 is discussed as a gNB-CU-CP and the second apparatus 120 is discussed as a gNB-CU-UP.
[0091] As shown in FIG. 4, the signaling chart 400 involves a gNB-CU-CP (also referred to as “CU-CP” ) 410, gNB-CU-UP (s) (also referred to as “CU-UP (s) ” ) 420, gNB-DU (s) (also referred to as “DU” ) 430, a Session Management Function (SMF) node 440, a User Plane Function (UPF) node 450 and an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) node 460. For the purpose of discussion, reference is made to FIG. 2 to describe the signaling chart 400.
[0092] As shown in FIG. 4, an F1 connection is properly set up at 462. For example, the F1 connection setup may be based on the existing logic / signalling.
[0093] At 464, an E1 connection is set up indicating the CU-UP’s energy saving capability and ensure the CU-CP 410 knows the CU-UP 420 capability.
[0094] In example embodiments of the present disclosure, energy saving capabilities may be shared between the CU-CP 410 and the CU-UP 420. The CU-CP 410 may indicate its energy saving capabilities to the CU-UP 420, and the CU-UP 420 may indicate its energy saving capabilities to the CU-CP 410 as well.
[0095] Table 1 shows a structure of a GNB-CU-UP E1 SETUP REQUEST message includes “Energy Saving Information” information element (IE) , and Table 2 shows a structure of a GNB-CU-UP E1 SETUP RESPONSE message includes “Energy Saving Information” IE as well.
[0096] In some examples, the CU-UP 420 may inform its energy saving capability to the CU-CP 410 using Energy Saving Information via E1 connection, for example, by transmitting, to the CU-CP 410, the GNB-CU-UP E1 SETUP REQUEST message including the “Energy Saving Information” IE, and the CU-CP 410 may respond, for example, by transmitting the GNB-CU-UP E1 SETUP RESPONSE message including the “Energy Saving Information” IE. The Energy Saving Information in either the GNB-CU-UP E1 SETUP REQUEST message or the GNB-CU-UP E1 SETUP RESPONSE message may be optional, and / or may be ignored.
[0097] Table 1 GNB-CU-UP E1 SETUP REQUEST
[0098] Table 2 GNB-CU-UP E1 SETUP RESPONSE
[0099] Table 3 shows a GNB-CU-CP E1 SETUP REQUEST message including “Energy Saving Information” IE, and Table 4 shows a GNB-CU-CP E1 SETUP RESPONSE message including “Energy Saving Information” IE as well.
[0100] Alternatively, the CU-CP 410 may first inform its energy saving capability to the CU-UP 420 using Energy Saving Information via E1 connection, for example, by transmitting, to the CU-UP 420, the GNB-CU-CP E1 SETUP REQUEST message including the “Energy Saving Information” IE, and the CU-UP 420 may respond, for example, by transmitting the GNB-CU-CP E1 SETUP RESPONSE message including the “Energy Saving Information” IE. Likewise, the Energy Saving Information in either the GNB-CU-CP E1 SETUP REQUEST message or the GNB-CU-CP E1 SETUP RESPONSE message may be optional, and / or may be ignored.
[0101] Table 3 GNB-CU-CP E1 SETUP REQUEST
[0102] Table 4 GNB-CU-CP E1 SETUP RESPONSE
[0103] Continue to refer to FIG. 4, the CU-UP (s) 420 may transmit (466) the load status to the CU-CP 410, for example, based on the existing logic or signalling. According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, such load status may indicate that a low load condition is met. For example, the CU-UP (s) 420 may indicate to CU-CP 410 its low load condition using an extended E1 message, for example, a GNB-CU-UP STATUS INDICATION message. In an example, if the low load condition at the CU-UP (s) 420 is met, a new ENUMERATED value “close-to-zero” , which is shown in Table 5 below, may be used for the gNB-CU-UP Overload Information IE to indicate the CU-UP (s) 420 is in a low load condition.
[0104] Table 5 GNB-CU-UP STATUS INDICATION
[0105] In some scenario, a rule for the value of “close-to-zero” may be configured based on specific implementations. For example, if the load is below a preconfigured threshold during a preconfigured period, the value of “close-to-zero” may be configured.
[0106] In some alternative example embodiments, whether a low load condition is met may be determined by means of event-triggered reporting, for example, by means of a messages for Resource Status Reporting Initiation, i.e., the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message as shown in Table 6.
[0107] Table 6 RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST
[0108] As shown above, the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message includes a “Report Characteristics” IE. The Semantics description for Report Characteristics includes that each position in the bitmap indicates measurement object the gNB-CU-UP is requested to report. The third bit of Report Characteristics may indicate hardware capacity of the gNB-CU-UP. The RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message may further include a “HW Capacity Ind Event-triggered Configuration” IE, which is optional. The RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message may further include a “Reporting Threshold” IE which may indicate the minimum value of the available capacity.
[0109] In some examples, if the measured available capacity is equal to or higher than the Reporting Threshold, the CU-UP (s) 420 may transmit the RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE message containing the “HW Capacity Indicator” IE.
[0110] The CU-CP 410 may determine (468) which of the CU-UP (s) 420 is to be in an energy saving mode. For example, the CU-CP 410 may use a local policy or an algorithm to correlate all the information it collected for deciding which of the CU-UP (s) 420 will be selected and released from this gNB, and thus may be moved to an energy saving mode. For example, the CU-CP 410 may select the CU-UP 420 based on various factors, such as load, coverage area, service status, etc.
[0111] The CU-CP 410 may notify (472) the DU 430 modification information regarding the selected CU-UP 420. In some cases, the selected CU-UP 420 may communicate with the DU 430 (as shown in FIG. 2) , and it may be necessary to inform the DU 430 that the selected CU-UP 420 is to be moved into energy saving mode. For example, the CU-CP 410 may modify the impacted DU which is connected to the selected CU-UP 420 via an F1-U connection with this DU.
[0112] The CU-CP 410 may change (474) connection (s) between the selected CU-UP 420 and the UPF 450. Further, the CU-CP 410 may transmit (476) an extended E1 Message, for example, an E1 RELEASE REQUEST message to the selected CU-UP 420. The legacy E1 RELEASE REQUEST message may be extended with a new IE (for example, Energy Saving Information IE) . The E1 RELEASE REQUEST message and the new Energy Saving Information IE are shown in Tables 7 and 8, respectively. In Table 7, the Energy Saving Information may be optional, and / or may be ignored.
[0113] Table 7 E1 RELEASE REQUEST
[0114] Table 8 new Energy Saving Information
[0115] As discussed above, an inactivity timer may be provided in a second indication transmitted from the first apparatus 110 to the second apparatus 120. Table 8 provides such an inactivity timer, during which the selected CU-UP 420 may be in the energy saving mode. As shown in Table 8, the Energy Saving Information IE may include an “Inactivity timer” IE which may indicate maximum minutes the inactivity timer is set.
[0116] Optionally, the new Energy Saving Information IE may further include a “Monitor interval” IE which may indicate the interval to wake up for checking request to set up E1 connection while the inactivity timer is running. For example, the CU-CP 410 may configure the selected CU-UP 420 with a monitoring interval to regularly monitor for new E1 connection setup during the inactivity timer.
[0117] In some examples, the timer range checking and energy saving mode may be configured by Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) . For example, inactivity duration sent to the selected CU-UP 420 may enable the selected CU-UP 420 to decide which circuitry to be switched off, i.e., the selection of circuitry to be switched off will depend on the inactivity duration. For another example, three different energy saving modes may be used, e.g., a micro-sleep mode, a light sleep mode and a deep sleep mode. The difference between the energy saving modes may include the duration, the switch-off situation of software (e.g., system) , the switch-off situation of hardware (e.g., partly or totally) , etc. How these energy saving modes are realized will depend on implementations at the selected CU-UP 420.
[0118] Then the selected CU-UP 420 may transmit (478) an E1 release response message to the CU-CP 410. As shown in Table 9, the E1 release response message may include an “Inactivity timer acknowledgement” IE. The Inactivity timer acknowledgement IE may indicate agreed inactivity time. In some cases, the Inactivity timer acknowledgement IE may be optional, and / or may be ignored.
[0119] Table 9 E1 RELEASE RESPONSE
[0120] For example, in response to receiving from the CU-CP 410 the E1 release request which is transmitted at 476, the selected CU-UP 420 may respond with the extended E1 RELEASE RESPONSE message with an acknowledgement for the inactivity timer for this energy saving instruction. Further, the selected CU-UP 420 may enter (482) the energy saving mode according to the set inactivity duration.
[0121] In some examples, if the CU-CP 410 configures the selected CU-UP 420 with a monitoring interval to regularly monitor for new E1 connection setup request messages during the inactivity duration. After the inactivity duration expires, the monitoring may be done continuously. If no E1 SETUP REQUEST message is received by the selected CU-UP 420 before the inactivity duration expires, the monitoring may be done more frequently. During the monitoring, if any gNB-CU-CP E1 SETUP REQUEST requests from the CU-CP 410, the selected CU-UP 420 may wake up to normal operations.
[0122] In this way, the CU-CP 410 may instruct / configure the CU-UP (s) 420 to move to energy saving mode via enhanced E1 connection.
[0123] Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which illustrates a signaling chart for DU energy saving according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. In the following example embodiments, for the purpose of illustration, the first apparatus 110 is discussed as a gNB-CU-CP and the second apparatus 120 is discussed as a gNB-DU.
[0124] As shown in FIG. 5, the signaling chart 500 involves CU-CP 510, CU-UP (s) 520, DU (s) 530, an AMF node 560, an SMF node 540 and a UPF node 550. For the purpose of discussion, reference is made to FIG. 2 to describe the signaling chart 500.
[0125] The DU (s) 530 may transmit (502) F1 setup request to the CU-CP 510 to indicate its energy saving capacity via F1 connection. As shown in Table 10, the GNB-DU F1 SETUP REQUEST may include a “energy saving capable” IE which may indicate that the DU (s) 530 may operate into energy saving mode. The energy saving capable IE may be optional, and / or may be ignored.
[0126] Table 10 GNB-DU F1 SETUP REQUEST
[0127] The CU-CP 510 may transmit (504) F1 SETUP RESPONSE message to the DU (s) 530. For example, the CU-CP 510 may acknowledge that the DU (s) 530 is capable of energy saving logic in the Extended F1 message, for example, the GNB-DU F1 SETUP RESPONSE message. As shown in Table 11, the GNB-DU F1 SETUP RESPONSE message may include a “energy saving capable” IE which may indicate that the DU (s) 530 may operate into energy saving mode. In some cases, the energy saving capable IE may be optional, and / or may be ignored.
[0128] Table 11 GNB-DU F1 SETUP RESPONSE
[0129] For the energy saving capable DU (s) 530, the CU-CP 510 may expect that the energy saving capable DU (s) 530 to indicate the status to the CU-CP 510 when the load on the DU (s) 530 is low enough.
[0130] Then, the DU (s) 530 may transmit (506) a low load condition to the CU-CP 510. For example, the DU (s) 530 may indicate the load to the CU-CP 510 using Extended F1 message, for example, a GNB-DU STATUS INDICATION message (as shown in Table 12) when the load is lower than a pre-set threshold. If the DU (s) 530 is energy saving capable, it may have new ENUMERATED close-to-zero in the status indication.
[0131] Table 12 GNB-DU STATUS INDICATION
[0132] In some scenario, a rule for close-to-zero value may be configured based on specific implementation, e.g., the load below a preconfigured threshold during a preconfigured period) .
[0133] In some examples, event-triggered reporting may be employed for Resource Status Reporting Initiation, i.e., the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message as shown in Table 13. Note that transfer of event-triggered measurements may be enabled also in new procedure that may be standardized in future.
[0134] Table 13 RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST
[0135] As shown above, the RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message includes a “Report Characteristics” IE. The Semantics description for Report Characteristics includes that each position in the bitmap indicates measurement object the gNB-DU is requested to report. The seventh bit of Report Characteristics may indicate hardware capacity of the gNB-DU. The RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message further includes a “HW Capacity Ind Event-triggered Configuration” IE which is optional. The RESOURCE STATUS REQUEST message further includes “Reporting Threshold” IE which may indicate minimum value of the available capacity.
[0136] In some examples, if the measured available capacity is equal to or higher than the Reporting Threshold, the DU (s) 530 may transmit the RESOURCE STATUS UPDATE message containing the Hardware Load Indicator IE.
[0137] Continue to refer to FIG. 5, the CU-CP 510 may determine (508) which DU is to be selected to enter the energy saving mode. For example, the CU-CP 510 with the algorithm to correlate all the information it has for making decision which the DU 530 may be selected and released from this gNB, and thus may enter the energy saving mode.
[0138] The CU-CP 510 may notify (509) modification to the CU-UP 520. In some cases, the selected DU 530 may communicate with the CU-UP 520, and may inform the CU-UP 520 that the DU 530 is to enter the energy saving mode. For example, the CU-CP 510 may modify the impacted CU-UP’s F1-U connection which has connected to the selected DU 530.
[0139] The CU-CP 510 may change (512) the connection (s) between the selected DU 530 and the UPF node 550 and / or other related nodes.
[0140] Further, the CU-CP 510 may transmit (514) an F1 REMOVAL REQUEST message with a new Energy Saving Information IE to the selected DU 530. As shown in Table14, the F1 RELEASE REQUEST message and the new Energy Saving Information IE are shown in Tables 14 and 15, respectively.
[0141] Table 14 F1 REMOVAL REQUEST
[0142] Table 15 new Energy Saving Information
[0143] As shown in Table 14, the Energy Saving Information IE is optional. In some other cases, the Energy Saving Information may be ignored.
[0144] Furthermore, an inactivity duration may be provided, during which the selected DU 530 may save energy. Thus, as shown in Table 15, the new Energy Saving Information may include an “Inactivity timer” IE which may indicate maximum minutes the inactivity duration is set.
[0145] Optionally, the new Energy Saving Information may further include a “Monitor interval” IE which may indicate the interval to wake up for checking request to set up F1 connection while the inactivity duration is running. For example, the CU-CP 510 may configure the selected DU 530 with a monitoring interval to regularly monitor for new F1 connection setup during the inactivity duration.
[0146] As a response to the F1 REMOVAL REQUEST message, the selected DU 530 may transmit (516) an F1 REMOVAL RESPONSE message to the CU-CP 510. The F1 REMOVAL RESPONSE message may include a “Energy saving timer acknowledgement” IE. As shown in Table 16, the Energy saving timer acknowledgement IE may indicate agreed inactivity time. In some cases, the Energy saving timer acknowledgement is optional. In some other cases, the Energy saving timer acknowledgement may be ignored.
[0147] Table 16 F1 REMOVAL RESPONSE
[0148] For example, the selected DU 530 may respond with the extended F1 REMOVAL RESPONSE message with an acknowledgement for the inactivity duration for this energy saving instruction. Further, the selected DU 530 may enter (518) the energy saving mode according to the agreed inactivity duration. In some examples, upon the received instruction from the CU-CP 510, the selected DU 530 may decide to be in any of the energy saving modes it supports.
[0149] In some examples, the duration range checking and energy saving mode may be configured by OAM. For example, inactivity duration sent to the selected DU 530 may enable the selected DU 530 to decide which circuitry to be switched off, i.e., the selection of circuitry to be switched off will depend on the inactivity duration. For another example, the gNB-DU implementation may use 3 different energy saving modes, e.g., a micro-sleep mode, a light sleep mode and a deep sleep mode. How these energy saving modes are realized will depend on the gNB-DU implementation.
[0150] If the agreed inactivity duration expires, the selected DU 530 may wake up to normal operations. In some cases, only the DU 530 may transmit an F1 setup request to the CU-CP 510, while the CU-CP 510 would not transmit an F1 setup request to the DU 530. Therefore, the DU 530 does not need to monitor the request from the CU-CP 510 and may only return to normal operation when the inactive duration expires.
[0151] In this way, the CU-CP 510 may instruct / configure the DU (s) 530 to enter energy saving mode via enhanced F1-C connection.
[0152] FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of an example method 600 implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0153] At block 610, the first apparatus 110 receives, from a second apparatus 120, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus. At least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus 110 and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus 120.
[0154] At block 620, the first apparatus 110 transmits, to the second apparatus 120, a second indication based on the first indication. The second indication indicates that the second apparatus 120 is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: transmitting, to the second apparatus, a first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus supports the energy saving mode; and receiving, from the second apparatus, a second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus supports the energy saving mode.
[0156] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the first energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup request, and the second energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup response.
[0157] In some example embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: receiving, from the second apparatus, a second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus supports the energy saving mode; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, a first energy saving capability indication based on the second energy saving capability indication, the first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus supports the energy saving mode.
[0158] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup response, or wherein the second apparatus comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is received via an F1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an F1 setup response.
[0159] In some example embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: determining, from the second apparatus and at least one third apparatus comprised in the network device, that the second apparatus is to enter the energy saving mode, wherein the low load condition is met at the at least one third apparatus.
[0160] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the first indication is received via an extended E1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.
[0161] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the first indication is received via an extended F1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.
[0162] In some example embodiments, the second indication further indicates at least one of: a monitoring interval for monitoring whether a connection is to be established between the first apparatus and the second apparatus, or a cause for energy saving.
[0163] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the second indication is transmitted via an energy saving information element of an E1 release request.
[0164] In some example embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: receiving, from the second apparatus, an E1 release response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.
[0165] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the second indication is transmitted via an energy saving information element of an F1 removal request.
[0166] In some example embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: receiving, from the second apparatus 120, an F1 removal response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.
[0167] In some example embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: transmitting, to the second apparatus 120, a hardware capacity request for information about available hardware capacity of the second apparatus 120, the hardware capacity request comprising a reporting threshold; and in response to receiving, from the second apparatus, a resource status update message containing a hardware load indicator, determining that the low load condition is met at the second apparatus 120, wherein the resource status update message is transmitted from the second apparatus 120 in accordance with a determination that the available hardware capacity is equal to or higher than the reporting threshold.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus is allowed to be in the energy saving mode.
[0169] In some example embodiments, the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus is in the energy saving mode.
[0170] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 comprises a central unit-control plane (CU-CP) of the network device.
[0171] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of an example method 700 implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.
[0172] At block 710, the second apparatus 120 transmits, to a first apparatus 110, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus. At least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus.
[0173] At block 720, the second apparatus 120 receives, from the first apparatus 110, a second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.
[0174] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: receiving, from the first apparatus 110, a first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus supports the energy saving mode; and transmitting, to the first apparatus 110, a second energy saving capability indication based on the first energy saving capability indication, the second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus 120 supports the energy saving mode.
[0175] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the first energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup request, and the second energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup response.
[0176] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: transmitting, to the first apparatus, a second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus supports the energy saving mode; and receiving, from the first apparatus, a first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus supports the energy saving mode.
[0177] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup response, or wherein the second apparatus comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an F1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is received via an F1 setup response.
[0178] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: determining, based on a time duration indicated by the second indication, the energy saving mode from a set of candidate modes associated with different management schemes of hardware.
[0179] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the first indication is transmitted via an extended E1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.
[0180] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the first indication is transmitted via an extended F1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.
[0181] In some example embodiments, the second indication further indicates at least one of: a monitoring interval for monitoring whether a connection is to be established between the first apparatus and the second apparatus, or a cause for energy saving.
[0182] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the second indication is received via an energy saving information element of an E1 release request.
[0183] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: transmitting, to the first apparatus, an E1 release response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.
[0184] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the second indication is received via an energy saving information element of an F1 removal request.
[0185] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: transmitting, to the first apparatus, an F1 removal response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.
[0186] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: receiving, from the first apparatus, a hardware capacity request for information about available hardware capacity of the second apparatus, the hardware capacity request comprising a reporting threshold; and in accordance with a determination that the available hardware capacity is equal to or higher than the reporting threshold, transmitting, to the first apparatus, a resource status update message containing a hardware load indicator.
[0187] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: recovering from the energy saving mode at the time that a time duration indicated by the second indication expires.
[0188] In some example embodiments, the method 700 further comprises: monitoring an E1 setup request according to the monitoring interval during a time duration indicated by the second indication; in accordance with a determination that the E1 setup request has been received during the time duration, recovering from the energy saving mode; and in accordance with a determination that the E1 setup request fails to be received during the time duration, determining an updated monitoring interval based on the monitoring interval, monitoring the E1 setup request according to the updated monitoring interval, and in accordance with a determination that the E1 setup request has been received, recovering from the energy saving mode.
[0189] In some example embodiments, the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus is allowed to be in the energy saving mode.
[0190] In some example embodiments, the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus is in the energy saving mode.
[0191] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 comprises a central unit-control plane (CU-CP) of the network device.
[0192] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 600 (for example, the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0193] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 comprises means for receiving, from a second apparatus 120, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus 120, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus 110 and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus 120; and means for transmitting, to the second apparatus 120, a second indication based on the first indication, the second indication indicating that the second apparatus 120 is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.
[0194] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 further comprises: means for transmitting, to the second apparatus 120, a first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus 110 supports the energy saving mode; and means for receiving, from the second apparatus 120, a second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus 120 supports the energy saving mode.
[0195] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the first energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup request, and the second energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup response.
[0196] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 further comprises: means for receiving, from the second apparatus 120, a second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus 120 supports the energy saving mode; and means for transmitting, to the second apparatus 120, a first energy saving capability indication based on the second energy saving capability indication, the first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus 110 supports the energy saving mode.
[0197] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup response, or wherein the second apparatus 120 comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is received via an F1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an F1 setup response.
[0198] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 further comprises: means for determining, from the second apparatus 120 and at least one third apparatus comprised in the network device, that the second apparatus 120 is to enter the energy saving mode, wherein the low load condition is met at the at least one third apparatus.
[0199] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the first indication is received via an extended E1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.
[0200] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the first indication is received via an extended F1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.
[0201] In some example embodiments, the second indication further indicates at least one of: a monitoring interval for monitoring whether a connection is to be established between the first apparatus 110 and the second apparatus 120, or a cause for energy saving.
[0202] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the second indication is transmitted via an energy saving information element of an E1 release request.
[0203] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 further comprises: means for receiving, from the second apparatus 120, an E1 release response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.
[0204] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the second indication is transmitted via an energy saving information element of an F1 removal request.
[0205] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 further comprises: means for receiving, from the second apparatus 120, an F1 removal response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.
[0206] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 further comprises: means for transmitting, to the second apparatus 120, a hardware capacity request for information about available hardware capacity of the second apparatus 120, the hardware capacity request comprising a reporting threshold; and means for in response to receiving, from the second apparatus 120, a resource status update message containing a hardware load indicator, determining that the low load condition is met at the second apparatus 120, wherein the resource status update message is transmitted from the second apparatus 120 in accordance with a determination that the available hardware capacity is equal to or higher than the reporting threshold.
[0207] In some example embodiments, the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus 120 is allowed to be in the energy saving mode.
[0208] In some example embodiments, the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus 120 is in the energy saving mode.
[0209] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 comprises a central unit-control plane (CU-CP) of the network device.
[0210] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 600 or the first apparatus 110. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the first apparatus 110.
[0211] In some example embodiments, a second apparatus 120 capable of performing any of the method 700 (for example, the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The second apparatus 120 may be implemented as or included in the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.
[0212] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises means for transmitting, to a first apparatus 110, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus 120, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus 110 and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus 120; and means for receiving, from the first apparatus 110, a second indication indicating that the second apparatus 120 is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.
[0213] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 further comprises: means for receiving, from the first apparatus 110, a first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus 110 supports the energy saving mode; and means for transmitting, to the first apparatus 110, a second energy saving capability indication based on the first energy saving capability indication, the second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus 120 supports the energy saving mode.
[0214] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the first energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup request, and the second energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup response.
[0215] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 further comprises: means for transmitting, to the first apparatus 110, a second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus 120 supports the energy saving mode; and means for receiving, from the first apparatus 110, a first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus 110 supports the energy saving mode.
[0216] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup response, or wherein the second apparatus 120 comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an F1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is received via an F1 setup response.
[0217] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 further comprises: means for determining, based on a time duration indicated by the second indication, the energy saving mode from a set of candidate modes associated with different management schemes of hardware.
[0218] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the first indication is transmitted via an extended E1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.
[0219] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the first indication is transmitted via an extended F1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.
[0220] In some example embodiments, the second indication further indicates at least one of: a monitoring interval for monitoring whether a connection is to be established between the first apparatus 110 and the second apparatus 120, or a cause for energy saving.
[0221] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the second indication is received via an energy saving information element of an E1 release request.
[0222] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 further comprises: means for transmitting, to the first apparatus 110, an E1 release response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.
[0223] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the second indication is received via an energy saving information element of an F1 removal request.
[0224] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 further comprises: means for transmitting, to the first apparatus 110, an F1 removal response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.
[0225] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 further comprises: means for receiving, from the first apparatus 110, a hardware capacity request for information about available hardware capacity of the second apparatus 120, the hardware capacity request comprising a reporting threshold; and means for in accordance with a determination that the available hardware capacity is equal to or higher than the reporting threshold, transmitting, to the first apparatus 110, a resource status update message containing a hardware load indicator.
[0226] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 further comprises: means for recovering from the energy saving mode at the time that a time duration indicated by the second indication expires.
[0227] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the second indication further indicates a monitoring interval for monitoring whether a connection is to be established between the first apparatus 110 and the second apparatus 120, and wherein the second apparatus 120 further comprises: means for monitoring an E1 setup request according to the monitoring interval during a time duration indicated by the second indication; means for in accordance with a determination that the E1 setup request has been received during the time duration, recovering from the energy saving mode; and in accordance with a determination that the E1 setup request fails to be received during the time duration, means for determining an updated monitoring interval based on the monitoring interval, means for monitoring the E1 setup request according to the updated monitoring interval, and means for in accordance with a determination that the E1 setup request has been received, recovering from the energy saving mode.
[0228] In some example embodiments, the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus 120 is allowed to be in the energy saving mode.
[0229] In some example embodiments, the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus 120 is in the energy saving mode.
[0230] In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 comprises a central unit-control plane (CU-CP) of the network device.
[0231] In some example embodiments, the second apparatus 120 further comprises means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 700 or the second apparatus 120. In some example embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the performance of the second apparatus 120.
[0232] FIG. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the first apparatus 110 or the second apparatus 120 as shown in FIG. 1. As shown, the device 800 includes one or more processors 810, one or more memories 820 coupled to the processor 810, and one or more communication modules 840 coupled to the processor 810.
[0233] The communication module 840 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 840 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, the communication module 840 may include at least one antenna.
[0234] The processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0235] The memory 820 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 824, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 822 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0236] A computer program 830 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 810. The instructions of the program 830 may include instructions for performing operations / acts of some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The program 830 may be stored in the memory, e.g., the ROM 824. The processor 810 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 830 into the RAM 822.
[0237] The example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 830 so that the device 800 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 7. The example embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0238] In some example embodiments, the program 830 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 800 (such as in the memory 820) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 800. The device 800 may load the program 830 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 822 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer readable medium may include any types of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0239] FIG. 9 shows an example of the computer readable medium 900 which may be in form of CD, DVD or other optical storage disk. The computer readable medium 900 has the program 830 stored thereon.
[0240] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, and other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0241] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0242] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0243] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0244] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0245] Further, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, although several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated, certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in a plurality of embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0246] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to:receive, from a second apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; andtransmit, to the second apparatus, a second indication based on the first indication, the second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.2.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the second apparatus, a first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus supports the energy saving mode; andreceive, from the second apparatus, a second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus supports the energy saving mode.3.The first apparatus of claim 2, wherein the second apparatus comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the first energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup request, and the second energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup response.4.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:receive, from the second apparatus, a second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus supports the energy saving mode; andtransmit, to the second apparatus, a first energy saving capability indication based on the second energy saving capability indication, the first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus supports the energy saving mode.5.The first apparatus of claim 4, wherein the second apparatus comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup response, orwherein the second apparatus comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is received via an F1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an F1 setup response.6.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:determine, from the second apparatus and at least one third apparatus comprised in the network device, that the second apparatus is to enter the energy saving mode, wherein the low load condition is met at the at least one third apparatus.7.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second apparatus comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the first indication is received via an extended E1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.8.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the second apparatus comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the first indication is received via an extended F1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.9.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the second indication further indicates at least one of:a monitoring interval for monitoring whether a connection is to be established between the first apparatus and the second apparatus, ora cause for energy saving.10.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the second apparatus comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the second indication is transmitted via an energy saving information element of an E1 release request.11.The first apparatus of claim 10, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:receive, from the second apparatus, an E1 release response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.12.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the second apparatus comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the second indication is transmitted via an energy saving information element of an F1 removal request.13.The first apparatus of claim 12, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:receive, from the second apparatus, an F1 removal response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.14.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the second apparatus, a hardware capacity request for information about available hardware capacity of the second apparatus, the hardware capacity request comprising a reporting threshold; andin response to receiving, from the second apparatus, a resource status update message containing a hardware load indicator, determine that the low load condition is met at the second apparatus, wherein the resource status update message is transmitted from the second apparatus in accordance with a determination that the available hardware capacity is equal to or higher than the reporting threshold.15.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus is allowed to be in the energy saving mode.16.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 14, wherein the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus is in the energy saving mode.17.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 16, wherein the first apparatus comprises a central unit-control plane (CU-CP) of the network device.18.A second apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to:transmit, to a first apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; andreceive, from the first apparatus, a second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.19.The second apparatus of claim 18, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:receive, from the first apparatus, a first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus supports the energy saving mode; andtransmit, to the first apparatus, a second energy saving capability indication based on the first energy saving capability indication, the second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus supports the energy saving mode.20.The second apparatus of claim 19, wherein the second apparatus comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the first energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup request, and the second energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup response.21.The second apparatus of claim 18, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the first apparatus, a second energy saving capability indication indicating whether the second apparatus supports the energy saving mode; andreceive, from the first apparatus, a first energy saving capability indication indicating whether the first apparatus supports the energy saving mode.22.The second apparatus of claim 21, wherein the second apparatus comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an E1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is received via an E1 setup response, orwherein the second apparatus comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, the second energy saving capability indication is transmitted via an F1 setup request, and the first energy saving capability indication is received via an F1 setup response.23.The second apparatus of any of claims 18 to 22, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:determine, based on a time duration indicated by the second indication, the energy saving mode from a set of candidate modes associated with different management schemes of hardware.24.The second apparatus of any of claims 18 to 23, wherein the second apparatus comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the first indication is transmitted via an extended E1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.25.The second apparatus of any of claims 18 to 23, wherein the second apparatus comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the first indication is transmitted via an extended F1 message, in which a value of an information element indicates that the low load condition is met.26.The second apparatus of any of claims 18 to 25, wherein the second indication further indicates at least one of:a monitoring interval for monitoring whether a connection is to be established between the first apparatus and the second apparatus, ora cause for energy saving.27.The second apparatus of any of claims 18 to 26, wherein the second apparatus comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the second indication is received via an energy saving information element of an E1 release request.28.The second apparatus of claim 27, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the first apparatus, an E1 release response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.29.The second apparatus of any of claims 18 to 26, wherein the second apparatus comprises a distributed unit (DU) of the network device, and the second indication is received via an energy saving information element of an F1 removal request.30.The second apparatus of claim 29, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:transmit, to the first apparatus, an F1 removal response with an acknowledgement for a time duration indicated by the second indication.31.The second apparatus of any of claims 18 to 30, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:receive, from the first apparatus, a hardware capacity request for information about available hardware capacity of the second apparatus, the hardware capacity request comprising a reporting threshold; andin accordance with a determination that the available hardware capacity is equal to or higher than the reporting threshold, transmit, to the first apparatus, a resource status update message containing a hardware load indicator.32.The second apparatus of any of claims 18 to 31, wherein the second apparatus is caused to:recover from the energy saving mode at the time that a time duration indicated by the second indication expires.33.The second apparatus of any of claims 18 to 31, wherein the second apparatus comprises a central unit-user plane (CU-UP) of the network device, and the second indication further indicates a monitoring interval for monitoring whether a connection is to be established between the first apparatus and the second apparatus, and wherein the second apparatus is caused to:monitor an E1 setup request according to the monitoring interval during a time duration indicated by the second indication;in accordance with a determination that the E1 setup request has been received during the time duration, recover from the energy saving mode; andin accordance with a determination that the E1 setup request fails to be received during the time duration,determine an updated monitoring interval based on the monitoring interval,monitor the E1 setup request according to the updated monitoring interval, andin accordance with a determination that the E1 setup request has been received, recover from the energy saving mode.34.The first apparatus of any of claims 18 to 33, wherein the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus is allowed to be in the energy saving mode.35.The first apparatus of any of claims 18 to 33, wherein the second indication indicates a time duration during which the second apparatus is in the energy saving mode.36.The second apparatus of any of claims 18 to 35, wherein the first apparatus comprises a central unit-control plane (CU-CP) of the network device.37.A method comprising:receiving, from a second apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by a first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; andtransmitting, to the second apparatus, a second indication based on the first indication, the second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.38.A method comprising:transmitting, to a first apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at a second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; andreceiving, from the first apparatus, a second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.39.A first apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a second apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at the second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by a first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; andmeans for transmitting, to the second apparatus, a second indication based on the first indication, the second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.40.A second apparatus comprising:means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, a first indication indicating that a low load condition is met at a second apparatus, wherein at least a first part of functionalities of a network device are configured to be performed by the first apparatus and at least a second part of functionalities of the network device are configured to be performed by the second apparatus; andmeans for receiving, from the first apparatus, a second indication indicating that the second apparatus is allowed to be in an energy saving mode.41.A computer readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus at least to perform the method of any of claim 37 or 38.
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