device

Abstract

Provided is a device that has a lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, and that comprises: a control unit that executes a random access procedure; and a transmission unit that transmits a signal in the random access procedure by using the maximum transmission power of the device or a power obtained by adding path loss to the power received at a network node of the signal.

Description

device

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a device.

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies that satisfy requirements such as a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, and low power consumption are being considered (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, 3GPP (registered trademark) Release 18 is considering Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption.

[0004] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12)"Revised SID on Ambient IoT", RP-232404, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, September 20233GPP TR 38.848 V1.0.0 (2023-09)3GPP TS 36.211 V16.7.0 (2021-09)3GPP TS 38.101-1 V18.2.0 (2023-06)3GPP TS 36.101 V18.2.0 (2023-06)

[0005] However, there are no regulations regarding the control of transmission power in the random access procedure of A-IoT devices, which means that the random access procedure of A-IoT devices may not be properly recognized by the network.

[0006] In addition, considering the different power storage of different device types, it is expected that A-IoT devices will have different transmission powers in the random access procedure depending on the device type, so it is desirable to separate the transmission resources of the random access signal so that lower-power devices are not interfered with by higher-power devices.

[0007] An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a device that simplifies control of transmission power.An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a device that suppresses interference on random access transmission resources.

[0008] A device according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, and includes a control unit that executes a random access procedure, and a transmission unit that transmits a signal in the random access procedure using a maximum transmission power of the device or a power obtained by adding a path loss to the received power of the signal at a network node.

[0009] A communication method according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a device having lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, the device including a control unit that performs a random access procedure, and a transmission unit that transmits a signal in the random access procedure using resources that are differentiated based on a device type of the device.

[0010] 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL support. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4 in UL support. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating 4-step RACH. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating 2-step RACH. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating PCMAX. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating power classes. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating PCMAX. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating power classes. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating Proposal 2: Option 1. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating Proposal 2: Option 2. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating Proposal 2: Option 3. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating Proposal 2: Option 3. FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a device according to an embodiment. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to an embodiment. FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle.

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment according to one aspect of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present disclosure is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0012] In the operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, existing technologies are used as appropriate. However, the existing technologies are, for example, but not limited to, existing LTE. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems subsequent to LTE-Advanced (e.g., NR) unless otherwise specified.

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (Synchronization signal), PSS (Primary SS), SSS (Secondary SS), PBCH (Physical broadcast channel), PRACH (Physical random access channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily referred to as "NR-".

[0014] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0015] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, "configuring" radio parameters and the like may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station or a terminal including a device are set.

[0016] <System Configuration> Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. As shown in Fig. 1, the wireless communication system includes a base station 10 and a device 20. Although Fig. 1 shows one base station 10 and one device 20, this is an example, and there may be a plurality of each. The device 20 may be an ambient IoT device.

[0017] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the device 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks.

[0018] The base station 10 transmits a synchronization signal and system information to the device 20. The base station 10 transmits a control signal and data to the device 20 via DL (Downlink). The base station 10 receives a control signal and data from the device 20 via UL (Uplink).

[0019] As will be described later, the wireless communication system may include intermediate nodes and / or assisting nodes (see <Device Types and Topologies> below). Hereinafter, "and / or" may be simply written as " / ".

[0020] <Ambient IoT> Release-18 approved a study on ambient IoT, which is even lower-end than the existing Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT: see, for example, Section 10 of Non-Patent Document 4) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices.

[0021] For Ambient IoT, for example, the following deployment scenarios and characteristics can be considered for the relevant use cases: Indoor or outdoor environment Base station type, e.g., macro / micro / pico cell-based deployment Connectivity topology, e.g., which nodes communicate with Ambient IoT devices, such as base stations, terminals (UE), relays, and repeaters Duplexing method, TDD or FDD, licensed or unlicensed frequency band Coexistence with UE and network equipment in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies Assumptions of traffic originating from / terminating to the device

[0022] Based on the above deployment scenarios and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design targets can be formulated: Power consumption Complexity Coverage Data rate Positioning accuracy

[0023] Based on deployment scenarios appropriate for the relevant use cases, compare and evaluate the feasibility of meeting design targets and identify supporting features.

[0024] <Device Types and Topologies> Based on the results of the study item, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. TR 38.848 considers the following categories of ambient IoT devices: Device A: Device A does not have energy storage and does not have independent signal generation and signal amplification functions. Device A performs backscattering transmission. Device B: Device B has power storage and does not have independent signal generation functions. Device B performs backscattering transmission. Device B uses the stored power to amplify the reflected signal. Device C: Device C has power storage and has independent signal generation functions. That is, Device C has an active RF component for transmission.

[0025] The complexity of device A is assumed to be about the same as that of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).

[0026] TR 38.848 defines the following topologies 1 to 4 for ambient IoT networks.

[0027] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. As shown in Figure 2, Topology 1 is a configuration in which a base station (BS) and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates directly with the base station in both directions.

[0028] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. As shown in Figure 3, Topology 2 is a configuration in which a base station and an ambient IoT device communicate via an intermediate node. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, or a repeater.

[0029] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL assistance. As shown in Fig. 4, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and an assisting node, communication between the assisting node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0030] The support node supports DL communication. For example, the support node receives DL signals from the base station and transmits them to the ambient IoT device, as shown in Figure 4. For UL signals, the ambient IoT device transmits directly to the base station.

[0031] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. As shown in Fig. 5, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and a support node, communication between a support node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between an ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0032] The support node supports UL communication. For example, the support node receives UL signals from the ambient IoT device and transmits them to the base station, as shown in Figure 5. For DL ​​signals, the ambient IoT device receives directly from the base station.

[0033] The support node shown in Figures 4 and 5 may send out a carrier wave for the ambient IoT device to generate backscatter. The support node may be, for example, a relay, an IAB node, a UE, or a repeater.

[0034] Figure 6 illustrates Topology 4. Topology 4 is a configuration in which a UE and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates with the UE bidirectionally. Topology 4 can also be considered as sidelink (SL) communication.

[0035] In the above Topologies 1 to 4, the ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node inside or outside the topology (Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0036] Backscatter Transmission: Base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes transmit RF signals to ambient IoT devices that are activated and obtain power from the RF operating field from the base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes via inductive coupling.

[0037] The ambient IoT device backscatters and modulates the RF signals received from the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes by switching the reflection coefficient of its own antenna, and transmits information to the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes.

[0038] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 7 shows an example in which an ambient IoT device performs ON-OFF keying and transmits information. The dashed line area in FIG. 7 indicates an OFF section, which may correspond to the information (bit) "0." A sine wave signal may correspond to the information "1."

[0039] Hereinafter, a network may include a base station, a support node, an intermediate node, and a terminal (UE in Topology 4). Hereinafter, the base station, the support node, the intermediate node, the relay, and the terminal may be referred to as network nodes. Ambient IoT may be referred to as A-IoT.

[0040] <Random Access in NR> A terminal performs a Random Access Procedure (RA) to gain initial access to the network. NR supports two types of RA procedures: a four-step RA type that exchanges Msgs (Messages) 1 to 4, and a two-step RA type that exchanges Msgs A and B.

[0041] 4-step RACH Figure 8 is a diagram explaining 4-step RACH. Step 1: The terminal (UE) transmits an RA preamble (Msg1) to the base station (gNB). Msg1 of the 4-step RA type consists of a preamble on the PRACH.

[0042] Step 2: After transmitting Msg1, the terminal monitors the response from the network (PDCCH that schedules the RAR and RAR (PDSCH)) within the set window (ra-ResponseWindow). If the RAR (Msg2) in step 2 contains a preamble index that matches the preamble index transmitted in step 1, the terminal considers that the RAR reception is successful. Note that RAR is an abbreviation for RA response.

[0043] Step 3: The terminal transmits Msg3 (PUSCH) based on the scheduling of the UL grant included in the response to step 2, and monitors contention resolution (PDCCH scheduling Msg4 and Msg4 (PDSCH)). Msg3 includes a C-RNTI MAC CE or CCCH SDU containing a UE identity (UE ID). Note that C-RNTI stands for Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier, MAC CE stands for Media Access Control Address Control Element, CCCH stands for Common Control Channel, and SDU stands for Service Data Unit.

[0044] Step 4: The terminal sends a C-RNTI MAC CE in Msg3 and considers the contention resolution successful if it receives a PDCCH addressed to the C-RNTI, or the terminal sends a CCCH SDU in Msg3 and considers the contention resolution successful if a UE contention resolution identity matching the transmitted CCCH SDU is included in Msg4, and the terminal considers the RA procedure to be successfully completed.

[0045] Msg1 retransmission After transmitting Msg1, the terminal starts (sets) the ra-ResponseWindow. The ra-ResponseWindow is set by higher layer signaling such as RRC. The ra-ResponseWindow may be considered as a window (time or period) for monitoring a response (Msg2) from the base station.

[0046] If the ra-ResponseWindow expires and the RAR is not successfully received in step 2, the terminal performs the following operations:

[0047] Increment PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER by 1. Select a random backoff time. After the random backoff time, perform the RA resource selection procedure and retransmit Msg1.

[0048] The terminal performs the same procedure as above in step 4. After transmitting Msg3, the terminal starts (sets) a timer. The timer is set by higher layer signaling such as RRC. The timer may be considered as a window (time or period) for monitoring a response (Msg4) from the base station.

[0049] If the timer expires and the contention resolution was not successful in step 4, the terminal performs the following actions: Increment PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER by 1 Select a random back-off time After the random back-off time, perform the random access resource selection procedure and retransmit Msg1.

[0050] 2-step RACH Figure 9 is a diagram explaining 2-step RACH. Step 1: The terminal transmits MsgA. MsgA includes a preamble on the PRACH and a payload on the PUSCH. MsgA includes a C-RNTI MAC CE or CCCH SDU including the UE ID. MsgA may be considered as a combination of Msg1 and Msg3 of the 4-step RACH.

[0051] Step 2: After sending MsgA, the terminal monitors a response from the network (PDCCH scheduling MsgB and MsgB(PDSCH)) within the configured window (timer). The terminal sends a C-RNTI MAC CE in MsgA and, if a PDCCH addressed to C-RNTI is received, the terminal considers the RA procedure to be successfully completed. Otherwise, the terminal sends a CCCH SDU in MsgA and, if a UE contention resolution ID matching the transmitted CCCH SDU is included in MsgB, the terminal considers the RA procedure to be successfully completed.

[0052] - MsgA retransmission After transmitting MsgA, the terminal starts (sets) a timer. The timer is set by higher layer signaling such as RRC.

[0053] If the timer expires and the RA procedure was not completed successfully in step 2, the terminal performs the following actions: Increments the PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER by 1 Selects a random back-off time After the random back-off time, performs a random access resource selection procedure and retransmits MsgA

[0054] <Random Access in NB-IoT> The NB-IoT RA procedure is similar to the NR 4-step RACH. Step 1: The NB-IoT terminal (UE) transmits an RA preamble (Msg1) to the base station (gNB). Msg1 consists of a preamble on the NPRACH. NPRACH stands for Narrowband PRACH.

[0055] Step 2: After transmitting Msg1, the terminal monitors responses from the network (NPDCCH for scheduling RAR and RAR (NPDSCH)) within the configured window. If the RAR (Msg2) in step 2 contains a preamble index that matches the preamble index transmitted in step 1, the terminal considers that the RAR has been successfully received. Note that NPDCCH stands for Narrowband PDCCH, and NPDSCH stands for Narrowband PDSCH.

[0056] Step 3: The terminal transmits Msg3 (NPUSCH) based on the scheduling of the UL grant included in the response to step 2, and monitors contention resolution (NPDCCH that schedules Msg4 and Msg4 (NPDSCH)). Msg3 includes a C-RNTI MAC CE or CCCH SDU that includes the UE ID. Note that NPUSCH stands for Narrowband PUSCH. C-RNTI stands for Cell-Radio Network Temporary Identifier. MAC CE stands for Media Access Control Address Control Element. CCCH stands for Common Control Channel. SDU stands for Service Data Unit.

[0057] Step 4: The terminal sends a C-RNTI MAC CE in Msg3 and considers the contention resolution successful if it receives an NPDCCH addressed to the C-RNTI, or the terminal sends a CCCH SDU in Msg3 and considers the contention resolution successful if a UE contention resolution identity matching the transmitted CCCH SDU is included in Msg4, and the terminal considers the RA procedure to be successfully completed.

[0058] In addition, in NB-IoT, retransmission of Msg1 is performed in the same way as in NR.

[0059] <Random Access in A-IoT> For initial access of A-IoT, a four-step RA procedure, a two-step RA procedure, or both four-step and two-step RA procedures may be used.

[0060] Introduction of new parameters: New parameters are introduced for RACH configuration in A-IoT. Due to the ultra-low complexity and narrow bandwidth of A-IoT (e.g., the bandwidth is a few subcarriers, which may be less than a Physical Resource Block (PRB)), some PRACH / NPRACH configurations of NR or NB-IoT may not be supported in A-IoT.

[0061] A subset of parameters of the NR PRACH configuration or the NB-IoT NPRACH configuration may be provided to the A-IoT, or a subset of PRACH configuration indexes in the NR PRACH configuration may be provided to the A-IoT.

[0062] ・4-step RA procedure Step 1 (Msg1): The A-IoT device transmits a preamble. The preamble (Msg1) may consist of a preamble on the newly introduced PRACH.

[0063] Step 2 (Msg2): The A-IoT device monitors the response from the network node within the time window. If the A-IoT device receives a response and the received response contains a preamble index that matches the preamble transmission in step 1, it considers the response reception successful. The response may additionally contain the time / frequency resources used by the A-IoT device for transmission in step 3.

[0064] Step 3 (Msg3): The A-IoT device sends its identity (ID), which may be a C-RNTI MAC CE or CCCH SDU containing the device ID (A-IoT ID).

[0065] Step 4 (Msg4): The A-IoT device monitors the contention resolution information from the network nodes within the time window. If the contention resolution information is addressed to the ID or contains the ID sent by the A-IoT device in step 3 (Msg3), the A-IoT device considers the contention resolution successful and the RA procedure successful.

[0066] Two-step RA procedure Step A (MsgA): The A-IoT device transmits a preamble and its ID. The preamble may consist of a preamble on the newly introduced PRACH.

[0067] Step B (MsgB): The A-IoT device monitors the contention resolution information from the network nodes within a time window. If the contention resolution information is addressed to an ID or contains the ID sent by the A-IoT device in step 1 (MsgA), the A-IoT device considers the contention resolution successful and the RA procedure successful.

[0068] The A-IoT device may receive a fallback instruction from the network node in step B. For example, if the received response (MsgB) contains a preamble index that matches the preamble transmission in step A, the A-IoT device may consider the response to have been successfully received and perform steps 3 and 4 of the four-step RA procedure.

[0069] Time window The duration of the time window in Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB of the RA procedure may be provided (configured) in DL information from a network node or may be fixed in a specification. DL information may be information of higher layer signaling, such as Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB), Downlink Control Information (DCI), MAC CE, or RRC. Fixed may be read as specified or defined. Fixed may include prior fixing.

[0070] <PRACH Transmission Power in NR> The terminal determines the transmission power of the PRACH based on the following equation (1). As shown in equation (1), the terminal CMAX and the target power of PRACH (P PRACH,target,f,c ) to the path loss (PL b,f,c ) is added together, the smaller power is used as the power of the PRACH (RA).

[0071] P in equation (1) CMAX is the "UE configured maximum transmission power", and the terminal CMAX The power of the PRACH is controlled so that it does not exceed P CMAX It is sometimes referred to as PCMAX.

[0072] PCMAX is set so that the terminal's transmit power satisfies the requirements defined in the specifications. PCMAX has upper and lower bounds as shown in equation (2a) of Figure 10. The upper bound is shown in equation (2b) of Figure 10, and the lower bound is shown in equation (2c) of Figure 9 (see section 6.2.4 of Non-Patent Document 5). The terminal sets PCMAX within the range of the upper and lower bounds shown in equations (2b) and (2c), and reports the set PCMAX to the network.

[0073] The upper and lower limits are determined by the formula (2b) and formula (2c), respectively. PowerClass and P EMAX Including. P PowerClass is the maximum UE output power as defined in the specification. PowerClass As shown in FIG. 11, classes 1 to 3 are defined (Table 6.2.1-1 in Non-Patent Document 5).

[0074] P EMAX is provided by the network as a higher layer parameter. Therefore, the range of PCMAX set by the terminal can be controlled by the network side. Note that P included in equations (2b) and (2c) PowerClass and P EMAXThe parameters other than P relate to the power reduction that the terminal can apply. EMAX is sometimes written as PEMAX.

[0075] P in equation (1) PRACH,target,f,c is "PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER". "PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER" may be considered as the PRACH power at the base station (assumed to be received by the base station). "PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER" is expressed by the following equation (3). In equation (3), "preambleReceivedTargetPower" is provided by higher layer signaling such as RRC, and "DELTA_PREAMBLE" is a predefined parameter that is determined based on the preamble format.

[0076] The "PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_COUNTER" in equation (3) is incremented by 1 for each preamble retransmission. That is, the transmission power of the PRACH may increase each time the PRACH is retransmitted. Note that a preamble retransmission means that the PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER is greater than 1 (for details of the PREAMBLE_TRANSMISSION_COUNTER, see, for example, <Random Access in NR>).

[0077] In equation (3), "PREAMBLE_POWER_RAMPING_STEP" is provided by higher layer signaling such as RRC, and "POWER_OFFSET_2STEP_RA" is a parameter used when switching from 2-step RACH to 4-step RACH.

[0078] PL of Eq. (1) b,f,c is the path loss. PL b,f,c is calculated by the terminal based on the DL transmit power provided by the network and the DL received power measured by the terminal.

[0079] <NPRACH Transmission Power in NB-IoT> When enhanced random access power control is not applied, the NB-IoT terminal determines the transmission power of the NPRACH for the lowest repetition level based on the following equation (4). Also, when enhanced random access power control is applied, the NB-IoT terminal determines the transmission power of the PRACH for all repetition levels based on the following equation (4). As shown in equation (4), the terminal adopts the smaller of PCMAX and the power obtained by adding the path loss (PL) to the target power (NARROWBAND_PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER) of the NPRACH (described later) as the power of the NPRACH (RA).

[0080] PCMAX in equation (4) is the "UE configured maximum transmission power," and the terminal controls the power of the NPRACH within a range that does not exceed PCMAX.

[0081] PCMAX is set so that the transmit power of the NB-IoT device satisfies the requirements defined in the specifications. PCMAX is shown in equation (5a) of Figure 12 and has an upper and lower limit. The upper limit is shown in equation (5b) of Figure 12, and the lower limit is shown in equation (5c) of Figure 12 (Section 6.2.5F of Non-Patent Document 6). The NB-IoT device sets PCMAX within the range of the upper and lower limit values ​​shown in equations (5b) and (5c), and reports the set PCMAX to the network.

[0082] The upper and lower limits are determined by the formulas (5b) and (5c), respectively. PowerClass and P EMAX Including. P PowerClass is the maximum UE output power as defined in the specification. PowerClass As shown in FIG. 13, classes 3 to 6 are defined (see table 6.2.2F-1 in Non-Patent Document 6).

[0083] PEMAX is provided by the network as a higher layer parameter. Therefore, the range of PCMAX set by the NB-IoT device can be controlled by the network side. Note that P PowerClass and P EMAX The parameters other than relate to the power reduction that the NB-IoT device can apply.

[0084] PL in equation (4) is the path loss, which is calculated by the terminal based on the DL transmit power provided by the network and the DL received power measured by the terminal.

[0085] "NARROWBAND_PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER" in equation (4) may be regarded as the NPRACH power at the base station (assumed to be received by the base station). "NARROWBAND_PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER" differs depending on the following cases 1 to 3.

[0086] Case 1: In the case of extended coverage level 0, "NARROWBAND_PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER" is expressed by the following equation (6). "numRepetitionPerPreambleAttempt" in equation (6) is set by higher layer signaling such as RRC.

[0087] Case 2: When the enhanced coverage level is not 0 and the starting enhanced coverage level is 0 or 1, "NARROWBAND_PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER" is expressed by the following equation (7).

[0088] Case 3: When the extended coverage level is not 0 and the starting extended coverage level is other than 0 and 1, "NARROWBAND_PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER" is expressed by the following equation (8). "max UE output power" in equation (8) is the maximum UE output power.

[0089] When extended random access power control is not applied, the NB-IoT terminal determines the transmission power of the NPRACH based on the following equation (9) for repetition levels other than the lowest repetition level.

[0090] <Analysis> Analysis 1: There is no provision for the behavior of an A-IoT device when it does not receive a response message from the network (network node) such as Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB in the RA of the A-IoT device. Therefore, if an A-IoT device does not receive a response message from the network, it is assumed that it will not be able to connect to the network, for example.

[0091] Therefore, this disclosure provides a technique for the operation of an A-IoT device in the case where a response message is not received in Proposal 1.

[0092] Analysis 2: As explained in the section on device types and topologies above, A-IoT devices of device types A and B (device types A and B) do not have the ability to generate signals independent of network nodes. Therefore, if a network node is not available to communicate with the A-IoT devices, the A-IoT devices of device types A and B cannot operate.

[0093] For example, if the network node is not in a situation to receive an upstream signal from an A-IoT device (a situation to transmit a carrier wave to the A-IoT device to transmit backscatter) or a situation to transmit a downstream signal to the A-IoT device, the A-IoT devices of device types A and B will not be able to operate because they will not be supplied with power from the network node.

[0094] However, A-IoT devices of device types A and B may need to operate even when the network node is not in a position to communicate with them. For example, A-IoT devices of device types A and B may measure time independently using hardware such as a timer without communicating with a network node.

[0095] Therefore, in this disclosure, in Proposal 2, we provide a technology related to power supply from a network node to an A-IoT device.

[0096] Analysis 3: A-IoT devices target IoT technologies that rely on ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices for very low-end IoT applications. Therefore, A-IoT requires triggering of RA procedures different from the UE-specific PDCCH order in NR and LTE.

[0097] Therefore, in this disclosure, in Proposal 3, a technique for triggering an RA procedure in A-IoT is provided.

[0098] Analysis 4: There is no provision for controlling the transmission power in the RA procedure of an A-IoT device. As a result, the RA procedure of an A-IoT device may not be properly recognized by the network. For example, Msg1 / MsgA of the A-IoT device may not be properly received by the network.

[0099] Therefore, in this disclosure, in Proposal 4, we provide technology related to power control in the RA procedure of A-IoT devices.

[0100] Analysis 5: Considering the different power storage of different device types, it is assumed that A-IoT devices will have different transmission power in the RA procedure depending on the device type. Therefore, it is desirable that the transmission resources of RA signals be separated so that lower-power devices are not interfered with by higher-power devices.

[0101] Therefore, in this disclosure, in Proposal 5, we provide technology related to resources in the RA procedure of A-IoT devices.

[0102] <Proposal 1> Proposal 1 relates to the behavior of A-IoT devices when they do not receive a response message from the network. For the following, please refer to <Random Access in A-IoT> above for steps 1 to 4, step A, step B, Msg1 to 4, MsgA, and MsgB in A-IoT RA.

[0103] After sending Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA, the A-IoT device starts (sets) timer-step2, timer-step4, or timer-stepB. Timer-step2, timer-step4, and timer-stepB may be considered timers that measure time. Timer-step2, timer-step4, and timer-stepB may also be referred to as a time window, window, or ra-ResponseWindow.

[0104] If timer-step 2, timer-step 4 or timer-step B expires and the A-IoT device has not received Msg2, Msg4 or MsgB containing a preamble index or identity that matches the preamble index or identity sent in Msg1, Msg3 or MsgA, the A-IoT device considers step 2, step 4 or step B of the RA procedure to be unsuccessful (failed) and retransmits Msg1 or MsgA.

[0105] For example, after sending Msg1, the A-IoT device starts timer-step 2. If the A-IoT device does not successfully receive a response in step 2 before timer-step 2 expires, it resends Msg1.

[0106] For example, after sending Msg3, the A-IoT device starts timer-step 4. If the conflict resolution in step 4 is not successful before timer-step 4 expires, the A-IoT device retransmits Msg1.

[0107] For example, after sending MsgA, the A-IoT device starts timer-step B. If the conflict resolution in step B is not successful before timer-step B expires, the A-IoT device retransmits MsgA.

[0108] That is, after sending a request message for RA (RA request message), the A-IoT device starts a timer. The A-IoT device monitors the response message for RA (RA response message), and if the response message is not successfully received (if it is not received normally) before the timer expires, it resends the request message for RA.

[0109] The timer times of timer-step2, timer-step4, and timer-stepB may be provided from a network node by higher layer signaling such as RRC, or may be defined by a specification.

[0110] <Proposal 1: Counter Operation> To avoid collisions of preambles (PRACH), the A-IoT device may generate a random value (e.g., X) as the initial value of the counter. The A-IoT device may transmit the preamble after the counter reaches 0 (or X).

[0111] When timer-step2, timer-step4, or timer-stepB expires and the A-IoT device retransmits Msg1 or MsgA, it may determine the counter for preamble collision avoidance based on the following options 1-7. Note that the following options indicate different priorities for the counter between the A-IoT device that performs the retransmission of Msg1 / MsgA and the A-IoT device that performs the initial transmission of Msg1 / MsgA.

[0112] <Proposal 1: Counter Operation: Option 1> When retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA, the A-IoT device assumes that the initial value of the counter is 0 (or X). In other words, when the A-IoT device retransmits Msg1 or MsgA, it immediately starts the retransmission procedure (RA procedure) for Msg1 or MsgA.

[0113] <Proposal 1: Counter Operation: Option 2> When retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA, the A-IoT device sets the counter to the same initial value as the first (or previous) transmission of Msg1 or MsgA. After the counter reaches 0 (or X), the A-IoT device begins the procedure for retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA.

[0114] <Proposal 1: Counter Operation: Option 3> When retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA, the A-IoT device generates a random value (e.g., X) as the initial value of the counter. After the counter reaches 0 (or X), the A-IoT device begins the procedure to retransmit Msg1 or MsgA.

[0115] <Proposal 1: Counter Operation: Option 4> The A-IoT device sets the initial value of the counter for retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA to a value instructed by the network or a value specified in the specification. After the counter reaches 0 (or X), the A-IoT device starts the procedure for retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA.

[0116] <Proposal 1: Counter Operation: Option 5> The A-IoT device arbitrarily selects and sets one of multiple values ​​instructed by the network or specified in the specification as the initial value of the counter for retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA. After the counter reaches 0 (or X), the A-IoT device starts the procedure for retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA.

[0117] <Proposal 1: Counter Operation: Option 6> The A-IoT device selects and sets the maximum value of multiple values ​​instructed by the network or specified in the specification as the initial value of the counter for retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA. After the counter reaches 0 (or X), the A-IoT device starts the procedure for retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA.

[0118] <Proposal 1: Counter Operation: Option 7> The A-IoT device sets the initial value of the counter for retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA to a value corresponding to the number of times Msg1 or MsgA has been retransmitted. After the counter reaches 0 (or X), the A-IoT device begins the procedure for retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA.

[0119] For example, the A-IoT device may set the initial value of the counter to a smaller value the more times Msg1 or MsgA is retransmitted. In this case, the A-IoT device can connect to the network earlier. Also, for example, the A-IoT device may set the initial value of the counter to a larger value the more times Msg1 or MsgA is retransmitted. In this case, the A-IoT device may reduce collisions of Msg1 or MsgA.

[0120] <Proposal 1: Timer Operation> The A-IoT device may generate timer-step1 or timer-stepA with a random duration to avoid preamble (PRACH) collisions. The A-IoT device may transmit a preamble after timer-step1 or timer-stepA expires.

[0121] When timer-step2, timer-step4, or timer-stepB expires and the A-IoT device retransmits Msg1 or MsgA, it may decide timer-step1 or timer-stepA to avoid preamble collisions based on the following options 1-7. Note that the following options indicate different priorities for timer-step1 / timer-stepA between A-IoT devices that retransmit Msg1 / MsgA and A-IoT devices that transmit Msg1 / MsgA for the first time.

[0122] <Proposal 1: Timer Operation: Option 1> When retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA, the A-IoT device considers timer-step 1 or timer-step A to have expired. In other words, when the A-IoT device retransmits Msg1 or MsgA, it immediately starts the retransmission procedure (RA procedure) for Msg1 or MsgA.

[0123] <Proposal 1: Timer Operation: Option 2> When retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA, the A-IoT device sets timer-step1 or timer-stepA to the same duration as the initial (or previous) transmission of Msg1 or MsgA. After timer-step1 or timer-stepA expires, the A-IoT device starts the retransmission procedure for Msg1 or MsgA.

[0124] <Proposal 1: Timer Operation: Option 3> When retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA, the A-IoT device generates a random value as the period of timer-step 1 or timer-step A. After timer-step 1 or timer-step A expires, the A-IoT device starts the procedure to retransmit Msg1 or MsgA.

[0125] <Proposal 1: Timer Operation: Option 4> The A-IoT device sets the duration of timer-step1 or timer-stepA for retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA to the value indicated by the network or specified in the specification. After timer-step1 or timer-stepA expires, the A-IoT device starts the procedure for retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA.

[0126] <Proposal 1: Timer Operation: Option 5> The A-IoT device arbitrarily selects and sets one of multiple values ​​specified by the network or multiple values ​​specified in the specification as the duration of timer-step 1 or timer-step A for the retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA. After timer-step 1 or timer-step A expires, the A-IoT device starts the procedure for retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA.

[0127] <Proposal 1: Counter Operation: Option 6> The A-IoT device selects and sets the maximum value of multiple values ​​specified by the network or multiple values ​​specified in the specification as the duration of timer-step 1 or timer-step A for retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA. After timer-step 1 or timer-step A expires, the A-IoT device starts the procedure for retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA.

[0128] <Proposal 1: Counter Operation: Option 7> The A-IoT device sets the period of timer-step 1 or timer-step A for the retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA to a value corresponding to the number of retransmissions of Msg1 or MsgA. After timer-step 1 or timer-step A expires, the A-IoT device starts the procedure for retransmitting Msg1 or MsgA.

[0129] For example, the A-IoT device may set the period of timer-step1 or timer-stepA to a smaller value the more times Msg1 or MsgA is retransmitted. In this case, the A-IoT device can connect to the network earlier. Also, for example, the A-IoT device may set the period of timer-step1 or timer-stepA to a larger value the more times Msg1 or MsgA is retransmitted. In this case, the A-IoT device may reduce collisions of Msg1 or MsgA.

[0130] <Proposal 1: Summary> After sending Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA, if an A-IoT device does not successfully receive Msg2, Msg4, or MsgB within a specified time, it will resend Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA. This operation allows the A-IoT device to connect to the network even if it does not successfully receive Msg2, Msg4, or MsgB.

[0131] <Proposal 2> Proposal 2 concerns power supply from a network node to an A-IoT device. In Proposal 2, an RF signal is transmitted to operate an A-IoT device even when the network node is not in a situation (state) to communicate with the A-IoT device. Below, we provide options 1-3 for power supply to the network node.

[0132] <Proposal 2: Option 1> A-IoT devices of device type A need to obtain power (energy) from the network node to maintain the operation of the timer (timer-step 2, timer-step 4, or timer-step B) of Proposal 1. To operate the timer of an A-IoT device of device type A, the network node continuously transmits an RF signal during periods when it is not communicating with the A-IoT device.

[0133] Note that the operation of <Proposal 2: Option 1> may be extended to A-IoT devices of other device types. For example, the operation of <Proposal 2: Option 1> may be extended to A-IoT devices of device type B.

[0134] The RF signal may also be the same type of signal as the carrier wave for backscatter transmission. For example, the RF signal may be a sine wave of a specific frequency, which may be the same frequency as the carrier wave.

[0135] Figure 14 is a diagram illustrating Proposal 2: Option 1. The network node transmits a carrier for the A-IoT device's backscatter transmission, as shown by arrow A14a. The A-IoT device transmits Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA, as shown by arrow A14b, based on the power of the carrier from the network node.

[0136] As described in Proposal 1, the A-IoT device starts a timer after sending Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA to monitor response messages such as Msg2, Msg4, or MsgB. The network node supplies (transmits) an RF signal as shown by arrow A14c to operate the timer of the A-IoT device. As shown by double-headed arrow A14d, the A-IoT device operates the timer based on the power of the RF signal and a signal described below (the signal shown by arrow A14e). The section (period) of the RF signal can be considered as a section in which the network node does not communicate with the A-IoT device.

[0137] If the network node successfully receives Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA from the A-IoT device, it transmits a response message signal (DL signal) such as Msg2, Msg4, or MsgB to the A-IoT device as shown by arrow A14e. The A-IoT device receives a response message such as Msg2, Msg4, or MsgB based on the power of the signal transmitted from the network node as shown by arrow A14f.

[0138] Once the A-IoT device has completed receiving the response message, it stops the timer, as shown by arrow A14g.

[0139] Figure 14 describes an example of operation when a network node successfully receives Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA from an A-IoT device. Figure 15 next describes an example of operation when a network node fails to receive Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA from an A-IoT device.

[0140] Figure 15 is a diagram illustrating Proposal 2: Option 1. The network node transmits a carrier for the A-IoT device's backscatter transmission, as shown by arrow A15a. The A-IoT device transmits Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA, as shown by arrow A15b, based on the power of the carrier from the network node.

[0141] The A-IoT device starts a timer after sending Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA to monitor for response messages such as Msg2, Msg4, or MsgB, as described in Proposal 1. The network node supplies (transmits) an RF signal as shown by arrow A15c to operate the timer of the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device operates the timer based on the power of the RF signal as shown by double-headed arrow A15d.

[0142] If the A-IoT device's timer expires without receiving a response message from the network node, as shown by arrow A15e, the A-IoT device considers the reception of the response message to have failed and initiates a retransmission procedure for Msg1 or MsgA (not shown).

[0143] As described above in Figures 14 and 15, even when the network node is not in a situation to send a DL signal to the A-IoT device (a situation to have the A-IoT device backscatter Msg1, Msg3, or MsgA, or a situation to send a response message to the A-IoT device), the network node sends an RF signal to the A-IoT device to operate a timer for monitoring the response message. This allows the A-IoT device to operate the timer and monitor the response message.

[0144] <Proposal 2: Option 2> A-IoT devices of device type A need to obtain power (energy) from the network node to maintain the operation of timers (excluding timers in Proposal 1) or to maintain (manage or control) time relationships. The network node continuously transmits RF signals, separate from DL signals, to operate the timers of A-IoT devices of device type A or to have A-IoT devices of device type A maintain time relationships.

[0145] The time relationship may be, for example, an offset between two signals or an offset between two operations, and may be specified by a network node or a specification.

[0146] The operation of <Proposal 2: Option 2> may also be extended to A-IoT devices of other device types. For example, the operation of <Proposal 2: Option 2> may be extended to A-IoT devices of device type B.

[0147] The RF signal may also be the same type of signal as the carrier wave for backscatter transmission. For example, the RF signal may be a sine wave of a specific frequency, which may be the same frequency as the carrier wave.

[0148] Figure 16 is a diagram illustrating Proposal 2: Option 2. The network node transmits control information that triggers transmission from the A-IoT, as shown by arrow A16a. The A-IoT device receives the control information, as shown by arrow A16b, based on the power of the control information (signal) from the network node.

[0149] Upon receiving the control information, the A-IoT device maintains the specified or prescribed offset (time) and transmits a signal. The network node supplies (transmits) an RF signal as shown by arrow A16c to cause the A-IoT device to maintain the specified offset. The A-IoT device maintains (measures) the offset time based on the power of the RF signal as shown by double-headed arrow A16d. The A-IoT device may measure the offset time using a timer or counter.

[0150] After an offset time, the network node transmits a carrier for backscatter transmission as shown by arrow 16e, and after an offset time, the A-IoT device transmits a signal based on the carrier for backscatter transmission as shown by arrow 16f.

[0151] That is, after receiving control information that triggers signal transmission, the A-IoT device measures the indicated or specified offset time using a timer or counter, and transmits the signal after the offset time.

[0152] The network node may continue to transmit the RF signal indicated by arrow A16c instead of the carrier wave for backscatter transmission indicated by arrow A16e. The A-IoT device may transmit a signal based on the power of the RF signal from the network node.

[0153] <Proposal 2: Option 3> In the above <Proposal 2: Option 1> and <Proposal 2: Option 2>, an RF signal is continuously supplied to the A-IoT device. In <Proposal 2: Option 3>, an RF signal (power) sufficient for the A-IoT device to operate is intermittently supplied to the A-IoT device. In other words, in <Proposal 2: Option 3>, the RF signal has on / off periods. The network node transmits an intermittent RF signal to the A-IoT device to supply energy, for example, while the A-IoT device's timer is operating or while the A-IoT device is maintaining a time relationship.

[0154] The network node supplies sufficient energy, for example, for the A-IoT device's timer to operate or for the A-IoT device to maintain a time relationship. If the supply is sufficient, the energy supply (transmission of an RF signal) may be performed only once, at the start of the timer operation or the start of maintaining the time relationship.

[0155] Fig. 17 is a diagram for explaining Proposal 2: Option 3. In Fig. 17, the same components as in Fig. 14 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The following describes the differences from Fig. 14.

[0156] The network node supplies (transmits) an intermittent RF signal as shown by arrow A17a to operate the timer of the A-IoT device. The A-IoT device operates the timer based on the power of the intermittent RF signal as shown by double-headed arrow A17b and the power of a response message signal such as Msg2, Msg4, or MsgB (the signal shown by arrow A14e).

[0157] Fig. 18 is a diagram for explaining Proposal 2: Option 3. In Fig. 18, the same components as in Fig. 15 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The following describes the differences from Fig. 15.

[0158] The network node supplies (transmits) an intermittent RF signal as shown by arrow A18a to operate the timer of the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device operates its timer based on the power of the intermittent RF signal as shown by double arrow A18b.

[0159] Fig. 19 is a diagram for explaining Proposal 2: Option 3. In Fig. 19, the same components as in Fig. 16 are denoted by the same reference numerals. The following describes the differences from Fig. 16.

[0160] The network node supplies (transmits) an intermittent RF signal as shown by arrow A19a to the A-IoT device to maintain a specified or prescribed offset. The A-IoT device maintains (measures) the offset (time) based on the power of the intermittent RF signal as shown by double-headed arrow A19b. The A-IoT device may measure the offset time using a timer or counter.

[0161] The network node may continue to transmit an intermittent RF signal indicated by arrow A19a instead of the carrier wave for backscatter transmission indicated by arrow A16e. The A-IoT device may transmit a signal based on the power of the intermittent RF signal from the network node.

[0162] <Proposal 2: Summary> The network node transmits an RF signal to supply power to the A-IoT device during periods when it is not communicating with the A-IoT device. This operation ensures that the RF signal is supplied to the A-IoT device, allowing it to operate even when the network node is not in a situation to communicate with the A-IoT device (receiving uplink signals or transmitting downlink signals).

[0163] <Proposal 3> Proposal 3 relates to triggering the RA procedure in A-IoT.

[0164] A-IoT devices of type A do not have power storage and rely on DL signals (including carrier waves for backscatter transmission) from the network for UL transmission. In other words, A-IoT devices of type A cannot start UL transmission without DL signals from the network. Therefore, in A-IoT devices of type A, the RA procedure can be triggered by DL signals (DL triggered RA procedure).

[0165] Furthermore, in the case of A-IoT of device type A, considering that UL transmission cannot be started without a DL signal from the network, the DL triggering information in the DL triggered RA procedure may be cell-specific / group-specific, unlike the PDCCH order in NR and LTE.

[0166] Therefore, in A-IoT (regardless of device type A), a cell-common or group-common DL signal is introduced to trigger the RA procedure of A-IoT devices. The cell-common or group-common DL signal is a signal that triggers the RA procedure of A-IoT devices on a cell-by-cell or group-by-group basis, and may also be referred to as a DL triggered signal or an RA trigger signal.

[0167] The cell-common DL signal or group-common DL signal is transmitted from a network node. For example, a cell-common identifier or a group-common identifier is addressed to the network node. The cell-common DL signal includes the cell-common identifier, and the group-common DL signal includes the group-common identifier. When the A-IoT receives the cell-common DL signal or the group-common DL signal, for example, the execution of an RA procedure is triggered, and the A-IoT executes the RA procedure.

[0168] Regarding reception of cell-common DL signals or group-common DL signals, the following options 1-6 are proposed.

[0169] <Proposal 3: Option 1> All A-IoT devices that receive a cell-common DL signal or a group-common DL signal will initiate an RA procedure.

[0170] <Proposal 3: Option 2> If an RA procedure is in progress, the A-IoT device will not perform the RA procedure even if it receives a cell-common DL signal or group-common DL signal. For example, if the A-IoT device has sent Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA and is running timer-step2 / timer-step4 / timer-stepB, it will not start the RA procedure.

[0171] Other A-IoT devices that do not have an RA procedure in progress will perform an RA procedure, for example, an A-IoT device that has not sent Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA and is not running timer-step2 / timer-step4 / timer-stepB will start an RA procedure.

[0172] <Proposal 3: Option 2: Variation> The A-IoT device does not monitor DL ​​signals to trigger an RA procedure when an RA procedure is in progress. For example, the A-IoT device does not monitor cell-common DL signals or group-common DL signals when an RA procedure is in progress. An RA procedure in progress may be rephrased as "while the RA procedure is being executed," "while the RA procedure is in progress," or "while the RA procedure is being executed."

[0173] <Proposal 3: Option 3> The NR RRC-CONNECTED, RRC-INACTIVE, and RRC-IDLE states are reused. A-IoT devices perform RA procedures based on cell-common DL signals or group-common DL signals and the RRC state.

[0174] For example, when the RRC state of an A-IoT device is in the RRC-CONNECTED state, the A-IoT device does not perform an RA procedure even if it receives a cell-common DL signal or a group-common DL signal.

[0175] For example, when the RRC state of an A-IoT device is in the RRC-INACTIVE state, the A-IoT device does not perform an RA procedure even if it receives a cell-common DL signal or a group-common DL signal.

[0176] For example, if the A-IoT device is in the RRC-IDLE state and receives a cell-common DL signal or a group-common DL signal, it performs an RA procedure.

[0177] In addition, when the A-IoT device is in the RRC-INACTIVE state and receives a cell-common DL signal or a group-common DL signal, it may perform an RA procedure.

[0178] RRC-CONNECTED is one of the RRC states of a terminal (A-IoT device), in which the terminal can be identified at the cell level within the base station, and the terminal context is maintained in the base station. RRC-INACTIVE is one of the RRC states of a terminal, in which the terminal does not have a cell-level identification within the base station, and the terminal context is maintained in the base station and the core network. RRC-IDLE is one of the RRC states of a terminal, in which the terminal does not have a cell-level identification within the base station, and the terminal context is not maintained in the base station. The terminal context is maintained in the core network.

[0179] <Proposal 3: Option 3: Variation> A-IoT devices do not monitor cell-common DL signals or group-common DL signals based on the RRC state.

[0180] For example, when the RRC state is RRC-CONNECTED, the A-IoT device does not monitor cell-common DL signals or group-common DL signals.

[0181] For example, when the RRC state is in the RRC-INACTIVE state, the A-IoT device does not monitor cell-common DL signals or group-common DL signals.

[0182] For example, when the RRC state is RRC-IDLE, the A-IoT device monitors cell-common DL signals or group-common DL signals.

[0183] In addition, when the RRC state is RRC-INACTIVE state, the A-IoT device may monitor cell-common DL signals or group-common DL signals.

[0184] <Proposal 3: Option 4> A new state is introduced for A-IoT. The state may indicate whether the A-IoT device has already been identified by the network.

[0185] For example, an A-IoT device that has been identified by the network (e.g., an A-IoT device in state Y) will not initiate an RA procedure.

[0186] For example, other A-IoT devices that have not been identified by the network (e.g., A-IoT devices in state X) will initiate an RA procedure.

[0187] <Proposal 3: Option 4: Variation> Based on the newly introduced state, A-IoT devices do not monitor cell-common DL signals or group-common DL signals.

[0188] For example, an A-IoT device that has been identified by the network (e.g., an A-IoT device in state Y) does not monitor cell-common DL signals or group-common DL signals.

[0189] <Proposal 3: Option 5> Option 5 relates to the new state transitions introduced in <Proposal 3: Option 4> above. The following options 5-1 and 5-2 are proposed for the new state transitions. In the following, the state in which an A-IoT device has not been identified by the network is referred to as "State X." The state in which an A-IoT device has been identified by the network is referred to as "State Y."

[0190] <Proposal 3: Option 5: Option 5-1> A technology for transitioning to "State Y" is proposed. The following Alt.1 to Alt.2 are proposed for the transition to "State Y".

[0191] <Proposal 3: Option 5: Option 5-1: Alt.1> After successfully executing the RA procedure, the A-IoT device transitions to "State Y". For example, if the A-IoT device successfully executes step 2, step 4, or step B, it transitions to "State Y".

[0192] <Proposal 3: Option 5: Option 5-1: Alt.2> When an A-IoT device receives specific DL information / DL signaling from a network node, it transitions to "State Y". In other words, the A-IoT device transitions to "State Y" in response to an instruction from the network node.

[0193] <Proposal 3: Option 5: Option 5-2> A technology for transitioning to "State X" is proposed. The following Alt.1 to Alt.5 are proposed for the transition to "State X".

[0194] <Proposal 3: Option 5: Option 5-2: Alt.1> A-IoT devices are in "State X" by default. In other words, the initial state of an A-IoT device is "State X."

[0195] <Proposal 3: Option 5: Option 5-2: Alt.2> After the A-IoT device transitions to "State Y", it starts a timer (e.g., x seconds / milliseconds) or counter. After the timer expires or the counter reaches 0 (or Z), the A-IoT device autonomously transitions to "State X". The initial values ​​of the timer and counter may be specified in the specification or may be instructed by the network node.

[0196] <Proposal 3: Option 5: Option 5-2: Alt.3> When an A-IoT device receives specific DL information / DL signaling from a network node, it transitions to "State X." In other words, the A-IoT device transitions to "State X" in response to an instruction from the network node.

[0197] <Proposal 3: Option 5: Option 5-2: Alt.4> If the A-IoT device identifies a cell switch, it transitions to "State X." In other words, if the A-IoT device changes cells, it transitions to "State X."

[0198] The A-IoT device transitions to "State X" if, for example, it detects a new cell ID that is different from the previous cell ID. The cell ID may be carried in DL information / DL signaling from the network node. The A-IoT device recognizes the cell change by decoding the DL information / DL signaling.

[0199] <Proposal 3: Option 5: Option 5-2: Alt. 5> When an A-IoT device completes a specific UL transmission with a specific message in the UL transmission, it transitions to "State X". The specific message may be a message notifying the network of the completion of data transmission from the A-IoT device. The specific UL transmission may be the first UL signal transmitted after the data transmission from the A-IoT device is completed, or it may be the UL signal indicating the completion of data transmission from the A-IoT device.

[0200] <Proposal 3: Option 6> The cell-common DL signal or group-common DL signal may correspond to the control information shown by arrows A16a and A16b in Figures 16 and 19 of <Proposal 2>. Msg1 or MsgA may correspond to the "triggered transmission" shown by arrow A16f in Figures 16 and 19 of <Proposal 2>.

[0201] That is, after receiving the cell-common DL signal or group-common DL signal, the A-IoT device receives the RF signal from the network node and maintains the offset. After maintaining the offset, the A-IoT device initiates an RA procedure and sends Msg1 or MsgA.

[0202] <Proposal 3: Summary> The A-IoT device receives a cell-common DL signal that triggers the RA procedure of the A-IoT device on a cell-by-cell basis or a group-common DL signal that triggers the RA procedure of the A-IoT device on a group-by-group basis. This operation allows the RA procedure to be triggered for the A-IoT device on a cell-by-cell or group-by-group basis.

[0203] <Proposal 4> Proposal 4 relates to power control in the RA procedure of A-IoT devices. The following options 1-4 are proposed for the transmission power in the RA procedure of A-IoT devices.

[0204] <Proposal 4: Option 1> The A-IoT device applies the maximum transmission power of the A-IoT device to the transmission power of Msg1 / MsgA (PRACH). The maximum transmission power may be determined based on the technology described in PCT / JP2023 / 033973, for example.

[0205] <Proposal 4: Option 2> The A-IoT device may calculate (determine) the transmission power of Msg1 / MsgA based on the following equation (10) or equation (11). Here, PL in Equations (10) and (11) indicates path loss. PL may be a fixed value, provided by the network, or omitted to simplify the configuration or operation of the A-IoT device. PL may also be calculated by the A-IoT device based on the DL transmission power provided by the network and the DL received power measured by the terminal.

[0206] P included in equation (11) max is the maximum transmission power of the A-IoT device. The maximum transmission power may be determined based on the technology described in PCT / JP2023 / 033973, for example.

[0207] Ptarget included in equations (10) and (11) may be considered as the power of Msg1 / MsgA at the network node (assumed to be received by the network node).

[0208] That is, the A-IoT device transmits Msg1 / MsgA using the power (received power) of Msg1 / MsgA at the network node plus the path loss (Equation (10)). Alternatively, the A-IoT device transmits Msg1 / MsgA using the maximum transmission power P max and the power determined by equation (10), whichever is smaller, to transmit Msg1 / MsgA (equation (11)).

[0209] Ptarget included in equations (10) and (11) is calculated based on the following equation (12). where Ptarget_0 in equation (12) is provided by the network, and delta is determined based on the preamble format.

[0210] The initial value of power_ramping_counter included in equation (12) is set to, for example, 1. power_ramping_counter is incremented by 1 each time the A-IoT device retransmits Msg1 or MsgA.

[0211] In equation (12), power_ramping_step indicates the width of power ramping and is provided by the network. numRepetition indicates the number of repetitions of Msg1 or MsgA transmission, if repetition of Msg1 or MsgA transmission is supported.

[0212] That is, according to equation (12), the transmission power of the RA procedure in the A-IoT can be increased stepwise depending on the number of retransmissions of Msg1 or MsgA. Also, if repetition is supported, the transmission power of the RA procedure in the A-IoT can be decreased depending on the number of repetitions.

[0213] Note that Ptarget_0 included in equation (12) may be a fixed value to simplify the configuration or operation of the A-IoT device. Delta may be omitted if only one preamble format is supported. Furthermore, 10*log10(numRepetition) included in equation (12), i.e., the term related to repetition, may be omitted if repetition is not supported or if the transmission power is not affected by repetition.

[0214] <Proposal 4: Option 3> Regarding power ramping, the following simplifications shown in Alt. 1 to Alt. 3 will be considered.

[0215] <Proposal 4: Option 3: Alt. 1> If power ramping is not supported, the term (power_ramping_counter-1) * power_ramping_step in equation (12), i.e., the term related to power ramping, may be omitted. This means that the transmission power is not affected by the initial transmission or retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA.

[0216] <Proposal 4: Option 3: Alt. 2> The power_ramping_step included in equation (12) may be a fixed value.

[0217] <Proposal 4: Option 3: Alt. 3> The term (value) related to power ramping is determined depending on whether Msg1 or MsgA is the initial transmission or a retransmission. For example, (power_ramping_counter-1) * power_ramping_step in equation (12) is replaced with retransmission_flag * power_ramping_step. Retransmission_flag indicates whether Msg1 or MsgA is the initial transmission or a retransmission.

[0218] The above substitution means that the power ramping can take two states depending on whether it is an initial transmission or a retransmission, and also means that the power ramping term is simplified.

[0219] For example, if Msg1 or MsgA is the first transmission, "retransmission_flag = 0." For example, if Msg1 or MsgA is a retransmission, "retransmission_flag = 1."

[0220] <Proposal 4: Option 4> For device type B, the amplifying gain can be controlled instead of the transmission power (see, for example, PCT / JP2023 / 033973). Regarding the amplifying gain in transmitting Msg1 or MsgA, the following Alt.1 to Alt.3 are provided.

[0221] <Proposal 4: Option 4: Alt.1> A-IoT devices will always use the maximal amplifying gain during the RA procedure.

[0222] <Proposal 4: Option 4: Alt.2> The A-IoT device determines the amplification gain in the RA procedure depending on whether it is an initial transmission or a retransmission. For example, the A-IoT device sets the amplification gain to X0 for the initial transmission of Msg1 or MsgA. The A-IoT device sets the amplification gain to X1 for the retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA. X1 may be greater than X0, for example, so that the network node is more likely to successfully receive Msg1 or MsgA in the retransmission than in the initial transmission of Msg1 or MsgA.

[0223] <Proposal 4: Option 4: Alt. 3> The A-IoT device determines the amplification gain according to the number of times it retransmits Msg1 or MsgA. The amplification gain may be determined based on the following equation (13) or equation (14). The initial value of gain_ramping_counter included in equations (13) and (14) is set to, for example, 1. gain_ramping_counter is incremented by 1 each time the A-IoT device retransmits Msg1 or MsgA.

[0224] gain_ramping_step may be a fixed value or may be dictated by the network, and gain_max is the maximum amplification gain supported by the A-IoT device.

[0225] That is, according to equations (13) and (14), the amplification gain at the A-IoT device can increase stepwise depending on the retransmission of Msg1 or MsgA.

[0226] The amplification gain may also be changed according to the number of repetitions of Msg1 or MsgA transmission, similar to the transmission power of Msg1 / MsgA described in <Proposal 4: Option 2>. For example, (gain_ramping_counter-1) * gain_ramping_step included in equations (13) and (14) may be replaced with (gain_ramping_counter-1) * gain_ramping_step - 10*log10(numRepetition).

[0227] <Proposal 4: Other> A-IoT devices of device type A do not have power storage and may not support power control functions.

[0228] The above <Proposal 4: Option 2> may be suitable for A-IoT devices of device type C as a simplified power control solution for NR or NB-IoT.

[0229] A-IoT devices of device type B may support power control but may not support measurements of the received strength of DL signals, such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP). Therefore, A-IoT devices of device type B may not support the component "path loss". Alternatively, the component "path loss" can only be estimated by the network, which can estimate path loss based on measurements of the reflected signal from the A-IoT device.

[0230] <Proposal 4: Summary> The A-IoT device transmits Msg1 / MsgA in the RA procedure using the maximum transmission power of the A-IoT device or the power obtained by adding the path loss to the received power of Msg1 / MsgA at the network node. This operation allows the RA procedure of the A-IoT device to be properly recognized in the network.

[0231] <Proposal 5> Proposal 5 concerns resources in the RA procedure of A-IoT devices.

[0232] The transmission resources for random access signals of different device types are separated by device type to prevent lower power devices from being interfered with by higher power devices. The following options 1 and 2 are provided for separating the transmission (transmission resources) of Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA for A-IoT devices of different device types.

[0233] <Proposal 5: Option 1> Separate time / frequency resources are used for Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA transmissions of different device types, or in other words, the same time / frequency resources are used for Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA transmissions of the same device type.

[0234] For example, an A-IoT device of device type A will transmit Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA using a first time / frequency resource, an A-IoT device of device type B will transmit Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA using a second time / frequency resource, and an A-IoT device of device type C will transmit Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA using a third time / frequency resource.

[0235] The (information about) the individual time / frequency resources may be provided by the network or may be specified in a specification.

[0236] In addition, for Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA transmission of device types B and C, individual time / frequency resources may be used depending on the amount of stored energy (power), taking into account the power storage of device types B and C.

[0237] <Proposal 5: Option 2> A different identifier for each device type is used in the DL signal that triggers the RA procedure.

[0238] For example, DL signals (cell-common DL signals or group-common DL signals) from a network node addressed by a cell-common identifier or a group-common identifier (see Proposal 3) use different identifiers for each device type. A-IoT devices of each device type initiate an RA procedure based on the identifier used (contained) in the DL signal. For example, if a DL signal contains an identifier indicating device type A, among A-IoT devices of device types A, B, and C, an A-IoT device of device type A will initiate an RA procedure.

[0239] It should be noted that, taking into consideration the power storage accumulation of device types B and C, different identifiers may be used for Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA transmission depending on the amount of energy stored in the device.

[0240] <Proposal 5: Summary> A-IoT devices transmit Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA in the RA procedure using resources that are differentiated based on the device type of the A-IoT device. This operation allows the resources for Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA to be separated so that lower-power devices are not interfered with by higher-power devices.

[0241] <Capabilities> A-IoT devices may report the following capability information (A-IoT capability) to base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and terminals: A-IoT device type

[0242] Intermediate nodes, support nodes, and terminals may report the following capability information to the base station and A-IoT device: Information on whether communication with A-IoT devices is supported Supported A-IoT device types

[0243] Other Each of the suggestions and options described above may apply to all or some device types, or different suggestions and options may apply to different device types.

[0244] Each of the above proposals and options may apply if the A-IoT device, intermediate node, and supporting node indicate support for the corresponding proposal or option, or if enabled by higher layer signaling.

[0245] An A-IoT device may also be referred to as an A-IoT UE, an A-IoT terminal, an A-IoT node, a terminal, or a communication device, or may simply be referred to as an A-IoT.

[0246] An A-IoT device may be considered to be a device with lower complexity than an NB-IoT device. The complexity may be considered to be, for example, the complexity of the configuration / structure related to the minimum / maximum transmit / receive bandwidth supported by the device, and / or the maximum DL / UL data rate supported by the device, and / or the maximum DL / UL TB size supported by the device, and / or the Layer 2 buffer size. The configuration / structure may be translated into hardware. TB stands for Transport Block.

[0247] The base station, intermediate node, support node, and terminal (UE in Topology 4) may be referred to as an A-IoT base station, an A-IoT parent node, an A-IoT NB, a base station, or a communication device.

[0248] <Configuration of Base Station> Fig. 20 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 10 communicates with the device 20 (see Fig. 21) by radio. The base station 10 may be an intermediate node, a support node, or a terminal (a terminal in SL that communicates with the device 20).

[0249] The transmitter 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to the device 20. For example, the transmitter 101 transmits the DL signal under the control of the controller 103.

[0250] The DL signal may include, for example, a downlink data signal and control information (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI)). The DL signal may also include information indicating scheduling related to signal transmission of the device 20 (e.g., an UL grant). The DL signal may also include control information of higher layers (e.g., control information of Radio Resource Control (RRC)). The DL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0251] The channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0252] The reference signal included in the DL signal may include at least one of a demodulation reference signal (Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS)), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for position information. For example, reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating downlink data signals and are transmitted using the PDSCH.

[0253] The receiving unit 102 receives an uplink (UL) signal transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives the UL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0254] The control unit 103 controls the communication operations of the base station 10 , including the transmission processing of the transmission unit 101 and the reception processing of the reception unit 102 .

[0255] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data, control information, etc. received from the receiving unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0256] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on signals (e.g., data and control information, etc.) received from the device 20 and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from a higher layer. Information on the allocated resources may be included in control information transmitted to the device 20.

[0257] The control unit 103 configures PUCCH resources as an example of allocation of resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals. Information related to PUCCH configuration such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern (PUCCH configuration information) may be notified to the device 20 by RRC.

[0258] Here, the transmitting unit 101 and the receiving unit 102 (communication unit) communicate with the device 20. The control unit 103 may transmit a signal for supplying power to the device 20 in a section where the communication unit does not communicate with the device 20. The signal for supplying power to the device 20 may be referred to as an RF signal.

[0259] The control unit 103 may continuously transmit a signal for supplying power to the device 20. The control unit 103 may intermittently transmit a signal for supplying power to the device 20. The control unit 103 may transmit a signal for supplying power to the device 20 in a section where an upstream signal transmitted by backscattering from the device 20 is not received or a section where a downstream signal is not transmitted to the device 20. The upstream signal may be, for example, Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA. The downstream signal may be, for example, Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB. The control unit 103 may transmit a signal of the same type as the carrier wave that is to be transmitted by the device 20 by backscattering in a section where communication with the device 20 is not performed.

[0260] <Device Configuration> Fig. 21 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a device 20 according to an embodiment. The device 20 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The device 20 communicates with, for example, a base station 10 wirelessly. The device 20 may be, for example, an A-IoT device.

[0261] The receiving unit 201 receives a DL signal transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0262] The transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal to the base station 10. For example, the transmitting unit 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0263] The UL signal may include, for example, an uplink data signal and control information (e.g., UCI). For example, information related to the processing capabilities of the device 20 (e.g., UE capability) may be included. The UL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0264] The channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel includes a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel includes a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, the device 20 receives control information from the base station 10 using the PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using the PUSCH.

[0265] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, the reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the uplink data signal and are transmitted using an uplink channel (for example, PUSCH).

[0266] The control unit 203 controls the communication operations of the device 20 , including the reception processing in the receiving unit 201 and the transmission processing in the transmitting unit 202 .

[0267] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 202. Also, the control unit 203 outputs, for example, the data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the upper layer.

[0268] For example, the control unit 203 controls transmission of information to be fed back to the base station 10. The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may include, for example, HARQ-ACK, channel state information (CSI), or a scheduling request (SR). The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may be included in UCI. The UCI is transmitted in the resources of the PUCCH.

[0269] The control unit 203 sets PUCCH resources based on configuration information (for example, configuration information such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern notified by RRC and / or DCI) received from the base station 10. The control unit 203 determines the PUCCH resources to be used for transmitting information to be fed back to the base station 10. Under the control of the control unit 203, the transmission unit 202 transmits the information to be fed back to the base station 10 in the PUCCH resources determined by the control unit 203.

[0270] Note that the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. For example, the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal may include a Random Access Channel (RACH) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The RACH may be used to transmit Downlink Control Information (DCI) including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), for example.

[0271] Here, the transmitting unit 202 may transmit a request message regarding RA. The request message regarding RA may be, for example, Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA. If the control unit 203 does not normally receive a response message regarding RA before a predetermined time has elapsed after transmitting the request message, the control unit 203 may retransmit the request message. The response message regarding RA may be, for example, Msg2 / Msg4 / MsgB. The predetermined time may be measured by, for example, a counter or a timer.

[0272] If the response message is not received successfully, the control unit 203 may immediately resend the request message after a predetermined time has elapsed. If the response message is not received successfully, the control unit 203 may set a counter or timer to a value used for the initial transmission of the request message and resend the request message. If the response message is not received successfully, the control unit 203 may set a counter or timer to a random value and resend the request message. If the response message is not received successfully, the control unit 203 may set a counter or timer to a value instructed by the network or a value specified in the specifications and resend the request message.

[0273] Here, the receiving unit 201 may receive a first signal that triggers an RA procedure on a cell-by-cell basis or a second signal that triggers an RA procedure on a group-by-group basis. The first signal may be, for example, a cell-common DL signal. The second signal may be a group-common DL signal. The control unit 203 may start the RA procedure based on the reception of the first signal or the second signal.

[0274] When the RA procedure is in progress, the control unit 203 may not initiate a random access procedure even if it receives the first signal or the second signal. When the receiving unit 201 is in progress, the receiving unit 201 may not monitor the first signal or the second signal. The control unit 203 may initiate the RA procedure based on the reception of the first signal or the second signal and the state of radio resource control (RRC state). The control unit 203 may initiate the RA procedure based on the reception of the first signal or the second signal and the state indicating whether the device 20 is identified by the network.

[0275] Here, the control unit 203 may execute an RA procedure. The transmission unit 202 may transmit a signal in the RA procedure using the maximum transmission power of the device 20, or a power calculated based on the received power and path loss of the signal at a network node. The signal in the RA procedure may be, for example, Msg1 / Msg3 / MsgA. The received power at the network node may be, for example, Ptarget. The maximum transmission power may be referred to as maximum output power.

[0276] The transmitter 202 may transmit the signal using the smaller of the maximum transmission power and the power. For example, the transmitter 202 may transmit the signal using power based on Equation (11). The transmitter 202 may increase the power in stages depending on the number of retransmissions of the signal.

[0277] Here, the control unit 203 may execute the RA procedure. The transmission unit 202 may transmit the signal in the RA procedure using resources that are differentiated based on the device type of the device 20.

[0278] The receiving unit 201 may receive, from the network, information on resources distinguished based on device type. The control unit 203 may execute the RA procedure when a downlink signal that triggers the RA procedure includes an identifier indicating the device type of the device 20. The downlink signal may be, for example, a cell-common DL signal / group-common DL signal.

[0279] The present disclosure has been described above. Note that the division of items in the above description is not essential to the present disclosure, and items described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (unless they are inconsistent).

[0280] <Hardware Configuration, etc.> The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (e.g., using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0281] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, assessment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0282] For example, a base station, a device, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 22 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to the embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and device 20 may be physically configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0283] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0284] Each function in the base station 10 and the device 20 is realized by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0285] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 103 and control unit 203 may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0286] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these programs. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 203 of the device 20 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0287] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by, for example, at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0288] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of, for example, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy (registered trademark) disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0289] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitter 101, receiver 102, receiver 201, transmitter 202, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.

[0290] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0291] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0292] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0293] <Notification of Information, Signaling> Notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure and may be performed using other methods. For example, notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0294] <Applicable Systems> The embodiments described in the present disclosure are applicable to LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.34 (WiMAX (registered trademark The present invention may be applied to at least one of systems using 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wide Band), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based on these systems. The present invention may also be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE and / or LTE-A with 5G).

[0295] <Processing Procedures, etc.> The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0296] <Operation of Base Station> In the present disclosure, specific operations described as being performed by a base station may also be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, an MME or an S-GW, etc., but are not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0297] <Direction of Input / Output> Information, etc. (see <Information, Signal>) can be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). It may also be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0298] <Handling of Input / Output Information, etc.> Input / output information, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input / output information, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, etc. may be deleted. Input information, etc. may be sent to another device.

[0299] <Determination method> The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0300] <Variations of Aspects, etc.> Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. In addition, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0301] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0302] <Software> Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0303] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0304] Information, Signals, etc., described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be referred to throughout the above description, may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0305] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0306] <System, Network> As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0307] <Parameter and Channel Names> Furthermore, the information, parameters, and the like described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0308] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0309] <Base Station> In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. A base station may also be referred to by terms such as a macrocell, a small cell, a femtocell, and a picocell.

[0310] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a remote radio head (RRH)). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication services within that coverage area.

[0311] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0312] Mobile Station In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," and the like may be used interchangeably.

[0313] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0314] <Base Station / Mobile Station> At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be an autonomous mobile object operating based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0315] Furthermore, the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the device 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0316] Similarly, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the device 20 described above.

[0317] Fig. 23 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 23, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0318] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0319] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0320] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0321] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 2012 provides various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001 by using information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc.

[0322] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0323] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driving burden on the driver, such as millimeter-wave radar, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), AI (Artificial Intelligence) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. In addition, the driving assistance system unit 2030 transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0324] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0325] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0326] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021 to 2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0327] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0328] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0329] <Meaning and Interpretation of Terms> As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining something that is considered to be a "judging" or "determining," and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like that are considered to be a "judging" or "determining." Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0330] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0331] <Reference Signal> A reference signal can also be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal), and may also be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0332] <Meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0333] "First," "Second" Any reference to an element using designations such as "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in some way.

[0334] <Means> The "means" in the configuration of each device above may be replaced with "section," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0335] Open Format: When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0336] <Time Units such as TTI, Frequency Units such as RB, and Radio Frame Configuration> A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0337] Numerology may be a communication parameter that applies to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate, for example, at least one of subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0338] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol). A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0339] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0340] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0341] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0342] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0343] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0344] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0345] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0346] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0347] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0348] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0349] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0350] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0351] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0352] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0353] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0354] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples, and various changes may be made to the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc.

[0355] <Maximum Transmit Power> The "maximum transmit power" in the present disclosure may refer to the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0356] Articles In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0357] <"Different"> In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." Note that the term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0358] One aspect of the present disclosure is useful in wireless communication systems.

[0359] 10 Base station 20 Device 101, 202 Transmitter 102, 201 Receiver 103, 203 Controller

Claims

1. A device having lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, comprising: a control unit that executes a random access procedure; and a transmission unit that transmits a signal in the random access procedure using the maximum transmission power of the device or a power calculated based on the reception power and path loss of the signal at a network node.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the transmitter transmits the signal using the smaller of the maximum transmission power and the power.

3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit increases the power in stages according to the number of times the signal is retransmitted.

4. A device having lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, comprising: a control unit that performs a random access procedure; and a transmission unit that transmits a signal in the random access procedure using resources that are differentiated based on the device type of the device.

5. The device according to claim 4, further comprising a receiving unit that receives the resource information from a network.

6. The device according to claim 4, wherein the control unit executes the random access procedure when a downlink signal that triggers the random access procedure includes an identifier that indicates a device type of the device.

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