Carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increase path coordination and optimization method and system

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increase path coordination and optimization method and system. The method comprises: on the basis of a given carbon emission target value and a given carbon sink target value, generating a carbon emission time series trajectory and a carbon sink time series trajectory; by taking the carbon emission time series trajectory as an input, performing overall coordination of emission reduction measures by means of an optimal distribution of carbon emission budgets between departments / industries and the coordination and optimization of carbon emission reduction implementation paths of the departments / industries; by taking the carbon sink time series trajectory as an input, performing overall coordination of carbon sink increase approaches by means of an optimal distribution of a carbon sink demand between a technical carbon sink and a natural carbon sink and the coordination and optimization on two sink increase approach implementation paths; and constructing an objective function, and performing carbon trajectory optimization and final carbon state optimization on the basis of a carbon emission reduction path optimization result and a carbon sink increase path optimization result. In the present invention, the spatio-temporal complementary characteristics of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increases are used to reduce the total economic cost within a transformation period, the influence of complex nonlinear factors can be reflected, and an optimization result is not prone to changing greatly along with tiny changes in parameters.

Description

A method and system for coordinating and optimizing carbon emission reduction and carbon sink paths Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of low-carbon development planning, and in particular to a method and system for coordinating and optimizing carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement paths. Background Art

[0002] Harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature is an eternal theme of economic and social development. However, since the Industrial Revolution, excessive greenhouse gas emissions from energy use have triggered the greenhouse effect and climate imbalance on the Earth's surface, posing a huge threat to human survival. Green and low-carbon development has become a consensus across society. The key to addressing climate change lies in "carbon control." For all target systems facing carbon neutrality goals (such as China, a province in China, or a traditional energy company), achieving low-carbon development in the best possible way requires optimizing carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration measures that have a coordinated and coordinated approach across technical, economic, and environmental characteristics.

[0003] Optimizing low-carbon development paths is a complex, nonlinear problem. Current methods simplify the original problem into a mixed-integer linear programming problem, optimizing the low-carbon paths of various measures on a time-step basis based on their technical, economic, and environmental parameters. The limitations of these methods include: they fail to account for the nonlinear factors in optimizing low-carbon development paths; small changes in technical, economic, and environmental parameters can significantly alter the optimization results, failing to provide robust decision-making and planning support for decision-makers facing the task of low-carbon transition; and they fail to distinguish between carbon emission reductions and carbon sinks in low-carbon development planning, hindering the matching of appropriate development goals and paths for the two technology types based on their respective development stages and characteristics.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: The present invention aims to provide a method and system for coordinated optimization of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement paths that reflects the influence of complex nonlinear factors based on the respective development stages and characteristics of emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement technologies.

[0006] Technical solution: The method for coordinating and optimizing carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration paths described in the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Generate carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectories based on given carbon emission and carbon sink target values;

[0008] (2) Taking the carbon emission time series trajectory as input, a carbon emission reduction path optimization module is constructed through the optimal allocation of carbon emission budgets among various departments / industries and the coordination and optimization of carbon emission reduction implementation paths among various departments / industries;

[0009] (3) Taking the carbon sink time series trajectory as input, a carbon sink optimization module is constructed by optimizing the allocation of carbon sink demand between technical carbon sinks and natural carbon sinks and coordinating and optimizing the implementation paths of the two types of sink enhancement pathways;

[0010] (4) Construct an objective function that takes into account the economic costs related to various types of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement. Based on the optimization results of the carbon emission reduction path optimization module and the carbon sink enhancement path optimization module, first perform carbon trajectory optimization, match the carbon emission reduction and carbon sink development paths, and search for carbon emission and carbon sink trajectory settings that improve the objective function value until the objective function value cannot be improved; then perform carbon final state optimization, consider the decomposition of the target task between carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement, and search for carbon emission and carbon sink target values ​​that improve the objective function value until the objective function value cannot be improved.

[0011] Preferably, the carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory in step (1) includes:

[0012] The carbon emission time series trajectory consists of two points and According to the exogenous time series trajectory of different curve shapes, the time series trajectory of carbon sink is composed of two points and According to the exogenous time series trajectory of different curve shapes, t start 、 and are the starting time and the initial values ​​of carbon emissions and carbon sinks corresponding to that time; t end 、 and They are the planned end time and the initial values ​​of carbon emissions and carbon sinks corresponding to that time.

[0013] Preferably, the coordination and optimization of the carbon emission reduction implementation paths of various departments / industries in step (2) includes the coordination of carbon emission reduction implementation paths between departments / industries and the optimization of carbon emission reduction implementation paths within departments / industries; the coordination of carbon emission reduction implementation paths between departments / industries refers to maximizing the gain effect of emission reduction measures of various departments / industries through the coordination of emission reduction measures.

[0014] Preferably, the optimization of the carbon emission reduction implementation path within each department / industry refers to adjusting the types and implementation intensity of emission reduction measures in each department / industry to minimize the economic cost of carbon emission reduction while ensuring that carbon emissions meet budget requirements.

[0015] Preferably, the technical carbon sink in step (3) is a carbon sink approach that removes carbon dioxide from industrial production, energy utilization or the atmosphere and stores it for a long time through carbon capture, utilization and storage technology; the natural carbon sink is a carbon sink approach that enhances the ecological carbon sink capacity.

[0016] Preferably, the coordination and optimization of the implementation paths of the two types of carbon sequestration increasing approaches in step (3) include the coordination of the implementation paths between the two types of carbon sequestration increasing approaches and the optimization of the implementation paths within each carbon sequestration increasing approach; the implementation paths between the two types of carbon sequestration increasing approaches refer to maximizing the complementary gain effects between the two types of carbon sequestration increasing measures through the coordination of carbon sequestration increasing measures.

[0017] Preferably, the optimization of the internal implementation paths of each carbon sink enhancement approach refers to adjusting the types and implementation strength of carbon sink enhancement measures to minimize the economic cost of carbon sink enhancement under the condition that the amount of carbon sink enhancement meets the carbon sink demand.

[0018] Preferably, the carbon trajectory optimization in step (4) refers to optimizing the carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory under given carbon emission and carbon sink targets, specifically including: calculating the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increase implementation path under the given carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory, identifying the given carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory with the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increase implementation path, obtaining the optimal implementation path under different carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory settings and searching for the carbon emission and carbon sink trajectory settings that improve the objective function value, until the objective function value cannot be improved.

[0019] Preferably, the carbon final state optimization in step (4) refers to the optimization of the target values ​​of carbon emissions and carbon sinks, specifically including: determining the optimal coordinated trajectory of carbon emissions and carbon sinks corresponding to each carbon emission / carbon sink target setting value by aggregating the results of carbon emission and carbon sink trajectory optimization, comparing the optimal trajectories under different carbon emission / carbon sink target setting values, and searching for the carbon emission and carbon sink target values ​​that improve the objective function value, until the objective function value cannot be improved.

[0020] Preferably, the objective function in step (4) refers to minimizing risk cost or maximizing risk benefit taking into account uncertainty factors.

[0021] The present invention provides a coordinated optimization system for carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration paths, comprising:

[0022] The carbon emission reduction path optimization module is used to obtain the optimized carbon emission reduction path under a given carbon emission time series trajectory by optimizing the allocation of carbon emission budgets among various departments / industries and coordinating and optimizing the carbon emission reduction implementation paths of various departments / industries;

[0023] The carbon sink path optimization module is used to obtain the optimized carbon sink path under a given carbon sink time series trajectory by optimizing the allocation of carbon sink demand between technical carbon sinks and natural carbon sinks and coordinating and optimizing the implementation paths of the two types of sink enhancement pathways;

[0024] The carbon emission reduction and carbon sink coordination module aggregates the optimization results of the carbon emission reduction path optimization module and the carbon sink path optimization module, optimizes the carbon trajectory and carbon final state based on the objective function, considers the matching of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink development paths and the decomposition of target tasks between carbon emission reduction and carbon sink, and searches for carbon emission and carbon sink trajectory settings and target value settings that improve the objective function value, until the objective function result can no longer be improved, and outputs the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink implementation path.

[0025] Beneficial effects: Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following significant advantages: it can reflect the nonlinear factors of the low-carbon development path optimization problem; it converts the low-carbon development path optimization problem into carbon emission reduction path optimization, carbon sink path optimization and the coordination between carbon emission reduction path optimization and carbon sink path optimization, and can match the appropriate development path according to the respective development stages and characteristics of emission reduction and sink technologies, and use the spatiotemporal complementary characteristics of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink in technology, economy and environment to reduce the total economic cost of the transition period; the present invention is a post-evaluation method based on a preset trajectory, which can take into account the specified low-carbon development goals, and the optimization results will not change significantly due to slight changes in parameters, which can provide robust decision-making and planning support for decision makers facing the task of low-carbon transition. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] FIG1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] As shown in Figure 1, the method for coordinating and optimizing carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement paths described in the present invention is used for low-carbon development planning of countries / regions / enterprises. It includes constructing two inner optimization submodules and one outer coordination submodule. The two inner optimization submodules are a carbon emission reduction path optimization module and a carbon sink enhancement path optimization module, and the outer coordination submodule is a carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement coordination module. Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0029] (1) Generate carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectories based on given carbon emission and carbon sink target values. Specifically including:

[0030] For carbon emissions, in a two-dimensional plane with time as the horizontal axis and carbon emissions as the vertical axis, the initial value of the carbon emissions time series trajectory consists of two points and The time series trajectory between the two can be determined by the time series trajectory, which can be specified exogenously according to different curve shapes; start 、 are the starting time and the initial value of carbon emissions at the starting time; t end 、 are the endpoint time and the initial value of carbon emissions at the endpoint time, respectively.

[0031] For carbon sink, in a two-dimensional plane with time as the horizontal axis and carbon sink as the vertical axis, the initial value of the carbon sink time series trajectory consists of two points and The time series trajectory between t and t can be specified exogenously according to different curve shapes. start 、 are the starting time and the initial value of carbon sink at the starting time; t end 、 are the planned end time and the initial value of carbon sequestration at the end time respectively.

[0032] (2) Construct a carbon emission reduction path optimization module to achieve overall coordination of emission reduction measures. Taking the carbon emission time series trajectory as input, through the optimal allocation of carbon emission budgets among various departments (industries) and the coordination and optimization of carbon emission reduction implementation paths among various departments (industries), the optimized carbon emission reduction path is obtained, and it is judged whether it is the optimal allocation scheme of carbon emission budget. If so, it is output; if not, it is returned to re-allocate the budget and optimize the carbon emission reduction path.

[0033] The optimal allocation of carbon emission budgets among various departments (industries) refers to first setting the initial value of the annual carbon emission budget allocation based on the technical feasibility and economic rationality of different departments (industries) in carbon emission reduction, and then optimizing and adjusting the carbon emission budget allocation based on the comprehensive optimization results of the carbon emission reduction path under this carbon budget allocation until the objective function value can no longer be further improved.

[0034] The coordination and optimization of carbon emission reduction implementation paths among various departments (industries) include the coordination of carbon emission reduction implementation paths among various departments (industries) and the optimization of carbon emission reduction implementation paths within various departments (industries).

[0035] Among them, the coordination of carbon emission reduction implementation paths among various departments (industries) refers to maximizing the gain effect of emission reduction measures of various departments (industries) through the coordination of emission reduction measures. For example, the promotion of electric arc furnace steelmaking in the steel industry and the development of new energy in the power industry have a gain effect.

[0036] Optimizing the implementation pathways for carbon reduction within each sector (industry) refers to adjusting the types and intensity of emission reduction measures within that sector (industry) to minimize the economic costs of carbon reduction while still meeting budgetary requirements. Differentiated emission reduction measures are implemented for different sectors and industries. For example, emission reduction measures for the power industry primarily involve replacing fossil fuels with non-fossil fuels and energy-saving retrofits; while emission reduction measures for the steel industry include energy-saving retrofits and fuel switching.

[0037] (3) Construct a carbon sink path optimization module to achieve the overall coordination of the two types of sink paths. Taking the carbon sink time series trajectory as input, the optimized carbon sink path is obtained by optimizing the allocation of carbon sink demand between technical carbon sinks and natural carbon sinks and coordinating and optimizing the implementation paths of the two types of sink paths. It is then determined whether it is the optimal allocation scheme under the carbon sink demand. If so, it is output. If not, it is returned to re-allocate the carbon sink demand and optimize the carbon sink path.

[0038] Among them, technical carbon sinks are a way to increase carbon sinks by removing carbon dioxide from industrial production, energy utilization or the atmosphere and storing it for a long time through carbon capture, utilization and storage technology; natural carbon sinks are a way to increase carbon sinks by improving the ecological carbon sink capacity through measures such as afforestation and vegetation restoration.

[0039] The optimal allocation of carbon sink demand between technical and natural carbon sinks refers to first setting an initial value for the annual allocation of carbon sink demand, based on the technical feasibility and economic rationale of the two carbon sink pathways. Then, based on the comprehensive optimization results of the carbon sink enhancement pathways under this carbon sink demand allocation, the allocation of carbon sink demand is optimized and adjusted until the objective function value cannot be further improved. The coordination and optimization of the implementation pathways of the two carbon sink enhancement pathways includes the coordination of the implementation pathways between the two pathways and the optimization of the implementation pathways within each pathway.

[0040] The coordination of implementation paths between the two types of carbon sink enhancement approaches refers to the complementary gains between the two types of carbon sink enhancement measures. For example, strengthening forest management (including logging and renewal of mature and over-mature forests) can produce more agricultural and forestry biomass to prepare biomass energy and develop biomass carbon capture and storage.

[0041] The optimization of the internal implementation paths of each carbon sink enhancement approach refers to adjusting the types and implementation strength of carbon sink enhancement measures to minimize the economic cost of carbon sink enhancement while ensuring that the amount of carbon sink enhancement meets the established demand.

[0042] (4) Construct a carbon emission reduction and carbon sink coordination module. The carbon emission reduction and carbon sink coordination module passes the generated carbon emission time series trajectory and carbon sink time series trajectory to the carbon emission reduction path optimization module and the carbon sink path optimization module respectively as the input of the two inner optimization submodules; aggregate the optimization results of the two inner submodules, and optimize and adjust the carbon final state (i.e., the end-year target value of carbon emissions and carbon sinks) and carbon trajectory (i.e., the time series trajectory of carbon emissions and carbon sinks) according to the aggregation results to coordinate carbon emission reduction and carbon sinks. Specifically including:

[0043] (4.1) Aggregate the output results of the carbon emission reduction path optimization module and the carbon sink path optimization module to determine whether it is the coordinated optimal trajectory under the given carbon emission and carbon sink targets; if so, proceed to step (4.2); otherwise, coordinate optimization of the carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectories is performed, that is, carbon trajectory optimization.

[0044] The coordinated optimization of the carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory is to calculate the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink implementation paths respectively under given carbon emission and carbon sink targets by calling the carbon emission reduction path optimization module and the carbon sink increase path optimization module, and use the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increase implementation paths to identify the given carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory, compare the optimal implementation paths under different carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory settings, and search for the carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory settings that improve the objective function value until the objective function value cannot be improved. In this process, it is necessary to consider the matching of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink development paths, that is, the coordination of intermediate trajectories. This is because there is a direct coupling relationship between carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increase measures. For example, some carbon capture and storage facilities (a carbon sink measure) need to be combined with carbon emission sources, so it is necessary to first determine the carbon emission source information before determining the carbon sink measures.

[0045] (4.2) Determine whether the optimal carbon emission and carbon sink targets are achieved under the given end-year target value. If so, output the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement implementation path. Otherwise, coordinate and optimize the carbon emission and carbon sink target values, i.e., seek the optimal carbon end-state. In this process, it is necessary to consider the coordination of the end-year target value, i.e., the decomposition of the end-year target task between carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement. The end-year target value refers to the net emissions in the end year, i.e., the difference between carbon emissions and carbon sinks.

[0046] The coordinated optimization of the carbon emission and carbon sink target values ​​refers to determining the optimal coordinated trajectory of carbon emissions and carbon sinks corresponding to each carbon emission / carbon sink target setting value by aggregating the optimization results of the lower-level carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectories, comparing the optimal trajectories under different carbon emission / carbon sink target setting values, and searching for the carbon emission and carbon sink target values ​​that improve the objective function value, until the objective function value can no longer be improved.

[0047] Among them, the objective function refers to minimizing risk costs or maximizing risk returns taking into account uncertainty factors, including the economic costs related to various carbon emission reduction measures and carbon sequestration measures, as well as carbon emission and carbon sequestration related business income and costs.

[0048] For low-carbon development strategy decisions at the national and regional levels, the objective function is to minimize the cumulative economic cost within a given planning period:

[0049] Where i and I are the scenario number and the total number of scenarios; t and T are the time step number and the total number of time steps in the transition period; P i is the scenario weight, which is usually taken as the scenario probability, and the sum of the scenario weights is 1; EconCost_CER t,iEconCost_CES is the sum of the transition costs (construction and operation costs) of the major carbon emission industries (such as energy, transportation, and industry) in time step t under the i-th scenario and the risk costs caused by various uncertainties (such as the grid operation risk caused by the high proportion of new energy grid connection); t,i It is the sum of the cost of increasing natural carbon sinks (such as forest carbon sinks) and technological carbon sinks (such as carbon capture, utilization and storage) in time step t under the i-th scenario and the risk costs caused by various uncertainties (such as the risk of carbon dioxide leakage during storage, transportation and storage).

[0050] For the optimization of low-carbon development strategies at the enterprise level, the objective function is to maximize the cumulative operating income within a given planning period:

[0051] Where, OI t,i is the operating income of the enterprise in time step t under the i-th scenario, including the enterprise's carbon emission-related business income (such as power generation income, etc.) and carbon sink-related business income (such as carbon asset income obtained from developing forestry carbon sinks and CCUS, etc.); OC t,i is the operating cost of the enterprise in time step t under the i-th scenario, including the enterprise's carbon emission-related business costs (such as power generation costs and power generation carbon emission costs, etc.) and carbon sink-related business costs (such as the cost of developing forestry carbon sinks and CCUS).

[0052] There are certain differences in the components of the objective function corresponding to different research objects, and specific analysis should be conducted for specific objects.

[0053] The carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration path coordination optimization system described in the present invention includes: a carbon emission reduction path optimization module for obtaining an optimized carbon emission reduction path by optimizing the allocation of carbon emission budgets among various departments / industries and coordinating and optimizing the carbon emission reduction implementation paths of various departments / industries under a given carbon emission time series trajectory, thereby comprehensively coordinating emission reduction measures;

[0054] The carbon sink path optimization module is used to obtain the optimized carbon sink path under a given carbon sink time series trajectory by optimizing the allocation of carbon sink demand between technical carbon sinks and natural carbon sinks, and coordinating and optimizing the implementation paths of the two types of sink pathways, thereby coordinating the two types of sink pathways.

[0055] The carbon emission reduction and carbon sink coordination module is used to aggregate the optimization results of the carbon emission reduction path optimization module and the carbon sink path optimization module, optimize the carbon trajectory and carbon final state based on the objective function, consider the matching of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink development paths and the decomposition of target tasks between carbon emission reduction and carbon sink, and search for carbon emission and carbon sink trajectory settings and target value settings that improve the objective function value, until the objective function result cannot be improved, and output the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink implementation path.

[0056] In another implementation example, the above-mentioned carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration path coordination optimization system includes: a processor, wherein the processor is used to execute the above-mentioned program modules stored in the memory, including: a carbon emission reduction path optimization module, a carbon sequestration path optimization module, and a carbon emission reduction and carbon sequestration coordination module.

Claims

1. A method for coordinating and optimizing carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement paths, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Generate carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectories based on given carbon emission and carbon sink target values; (2) Taking the carbon emission time series trajectory as input, a carbon emission reduction path optimization module is constructed by optimizing the allocation of carbon emission budgets among various departments / industries and coordinating and optimizing the carbon emission reduction implementation paths among various departments / industries; (3) Taking the carbon sink time series trajectory as input, a carbon sink optimization module is constructed by optimizing the allocation of carbon sink demand between technical carbon sinks and natural carbon sinks and coordinating and optimizing the implementation paths of the two types of sink enhancement pathways; (4) Construct an objective function including the economic costs of various carbon emission reduction measures and carbon sink enhancement measures. Based on the optimization results of the carbon emission reduction path optimization module and the carbon sink enhancement path optimization module, first perform carbon trajectory optimization, match the carbon emission reduction and carbon sink enhancement development paths, and search for carbon emission and carbon sink trajectory settings that improve the objective function value until the objective function value cannot be improved; Then, the carbon final state optimization is performed, considering the decomposition of the target task between carbon emission reduction and carbon sink, and searching for the target values ​​of carbon emission and carbon sink that improve the objective function value, until the objective function value cannot be improved; The carbon trajectory optimization in step (4) refers to optimizing the carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory under given carbon emission and carbon sink targets, specifically including: calculating the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increase implementation path under the given carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory, identifying the given carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory with the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increase implementation path, obtaining the optimal implementation path under different carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory settings and searching for the carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory settings that improve the objective function value, until the objective function value cannot be improved; The carbon final state optimization in step (4) refers to the optimization of the target values ​​of carbon emissions and carbon sinks, which specifically includes: determining the optimal trajectories of carbon emissions and carbon sinks corresponding to each carbon emission / carbon sink target setting value by aggregating the results of the optimization of the carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectories, comparing the optimal trajectories under different carbon emission / carbon sink target setting values, and searching for the carbon emission and carbon sink target values ​​that improve the objective function value, until the objective function value cannot be improved.

2. A method for coordinated optimization of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink paths according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory generated in step (1) includes: The carbon emission time series trajectory consists of two points and According to the time series trajectory of different curve shapes, the time series trajectory of carbon sink is composed of two points and According to the exogenous time series trajectory of different curve shapes, t start , and are the starting time and the initial values ​​of carbon emissions and carbon sinks corresponding to that time; t end , and They are respectively the planned end time and the initial values ​​of carbon emissions and carbon sinks corresponding to that time.

3. A method for coordinated optimization of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink paths according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The coordination and optimization of carbon emission reduction implementation paths of various departments / industries in step (2) includes the coordination of carbon emission reduction implementation paths between departments / industries and the optimization of carbon emission reduction implementation paths within departments / industries; the coordination of carbon emission reduction implementation paths between departments / industries refers to maximizing the gain effect of emission reduction measures of various departments / industries through the coordination of emission reduction measures.

4. A method for coordinated optimization of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink paths according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optimization of the implementation path of carbon emission reduction within each department / industry refers to adjusting the type and implementation intensity of emission reduction measures in each department / industry to minimize the economic cost of carbon emission reduction while meeting budget requirements.

5. The method for coordinated optimization of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink path according to claim 1, characterized in that: The technical carbon sink described in step (3) is a carbon sink approach that removes carbon dioxide from industrial production, energy utilization or the atmosphere and stores it for a long time through carbon capture, utilization and storage technology; the natural carbon sink is a carbon sink approach that enhances the ecological carbon sink capacity.

6. A method for coordinated optimization of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink paths according to claim 5, characterized in that: The coordination and optimization of the implementation paths of the two types of carbon sinks in step (3) include the coordination of the implementation paths between the two types of carbon sinks and the optimization of the implementation paths within each carbon sink; the coordination of the implementation paths between the two types of carbon sinks refers to maximizing the complementary gain effect between the two types of carbon sinks through the coordination of carbon sinks.

7. A method for coordinated optimization of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink paths according to claim 6, characterized in that: The optimization of the internal implementation paths of each carbon sink enhancement approach refers to adjusting the types of carbon sink enhancement measures and the intensity of their implementation so as to minimize the economic cost of carbon sink enhancement under the condition that the amount of carbon sink enhancement meets the carbon sink demand.

8. The method for coordinated optimization of carbon emission reduction and carbon sink path according to claim 1, characterized in that: The objective function in step (4) refers to minimizing the risk cost or maximizing the risk return taking into account uncertainty factors.

9. A carbon emission reduction and carbon sink path coordination optimization system, characterized in that: include: The carbon emission reduction path optimization module is used to obtain the optimized carbon emission reduction path under a given carbon emission time series trajectory by optimizing the allocation of carbon emission budgets among various departments / industries and coordinating and optimizing the carbon emission reduction implementation paths of various departments / industries; The carbon sink path optimization module is used to obtain the optimized carbon sink path under a given carbon sink time series trajectory by optimizing the allocation of carbon sink demand between technical carbon sinks and natural carbon sinks and coordinating and optimizing the implementation paths of the two types of sink enhancement pathways; The carbon emission reduction and carbon sink coordination module is used to aggregate the optimization results of the carbon emission reduction path optimization module and the carbon sink path optimization module, optimize the carbon trajectory and carbon final state based on the objective function, consider the matching of the carbon emission reduction and carbon sink development paths and the decomposition of the target tasks between carbon emission reduction and carbon sink, respectively search for the carbon emission and carbon sink trajectory settings and target value settings that improve the objective function value, until the objective function result cannot be improved, and output the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink implementation path; The carbon trajectory optimization is the optimization of the carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory, including: under given carbon emission and carbon sink targets, by calling the carbon emission reduction path optimization module and the carbon sink increase path optimization module, respectively calculating the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increase implementation paths, identifying the given carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory with the optimal carbon emission reduction and carbon sink increase implementation path, obtaining the optimal implementation path under different carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory settings and searching for the carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectory settings that improve the objective function value, until the objective function value cannot be improved; The carbon final state optimization is the coordinated optimization of carbon emission and carbon sink target values, including: determining the optimal trajectories of carbon emission and carbon sink corresponding to each carbon emission / carbon sink target setting value by aggregating the optimization results of the lower-level carbon emission and carbon sink time series trajectories, comparing the optimal trajectories under different carbon emission / carbon sink target setting values, and searching for carbon emission and carbon sink target values ​​that improve the objective function value, until the objective function value cannot be improved.

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