Curable compositions

Abstract

Disclosed are compositions comprising: a first component comprising an isocyanate-functional prepolymer; a second component comprising a polyol having an Mn greater than 1,000 g / mol; an aromatic diamine; and a filler in an amount greater than 50 percent by weight to 93 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition. Also disclosed are methods for treating a substrate comprising contacting a substrate surface with one of the compositions disclosed. Also disclosed are substrates comprising a coating formed from one of the compositions disclosed herein on a surface thereof. Also disclosed are batteries comprising one of the substrates disclosed herein.

Description

CURABLE COMPOSITIONSGOVERNMENT CONTRACT

[0001] This disclosure was made with Government support under Government Contract No. NCMS FY2020 Ambient Cure Adhesives 2021007 and NCMS FY2023 Highly Filled Functional Adhesives 2023177 awarded by the GVSC. The United States Government may have certain rights in the subject matter disclosed herein.CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 600,720, filed on November 19, 2023, and entitled “Curable Compositions,” incorporated herein in its entirety.FIELD

[0003] Compositions and uses thereof are disclosed.BACKGROUND

[0004] Compositions, including adhesives, are utilized in a wide variety of applications to treat a variety of substrates or to bond together two or more substrate materials.SUMMARY

[0005] Disclosed are compositions comprising: a first component comprising an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer; a second component comprising a polyol having a number average molecular weight (Mn) greater than 1000 g / mol; an aromatic diamine; and a filler in an amount of greater than 50 percent by weight to 93 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition; wherein the number average molecular weight is measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min"1, and two separation columns.

[0006] Also disclosed are methods for treating a substrate comprising contacting a surface of the substrate with the composition of any of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0007] Also disclosed are substrates comprising a coating on a surface thereof, the coating formed from any of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0008] Also disclosed are batteries comprising one of the substrates disclosed herein.

[0009] Also disclosed are vehicles comprising the batteries disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] FIG. 1 is a schematic of a top-down view of cylindrical battery cells.

[0011] FIG. 2 is a schematic of an exploded isometric view of an array of prismatic battery cells.

[0012] FIG. 3 is a schematic of a front view of an array of pouch battery cells.

[0013] FIG. 4 is a schematic of an isometric view of cylindrical cells positioned in a battery module.

[0014] FIG. 5 is a schematic of an exploded perspective view of a battery pack comprising multiple battery cells.

[0015] FIG. 6 is a schematic of an isometric view of (A) a battery cell, (B) a battery module, and (C) a battery pack.

[0016] FIG. 7 is a schematic of a perspective view of a battery pack.

[0017] FIG. 8 is a schematic of a cell to battery pack configuration.

[0018] FIG. 9 is a schematic of an isometric cut-out view of a cell to chassis battery assembly.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] Disclosed are compositions comprising: a first component comprising an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer; a second component comprising a polyol having a number average molecular weight (Mn) greater than 1,000 g / mol; an aromatic diamine; and a filler in an amount greater than 50 percent by weight to 93 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition; wherein Mn is measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min'1, and two separation columns.Isocyanate-Functional Compounds

[0020] The first component comprises an isocyanate-functional compound. The first component may comprise, or consist essentially of, or consist of, an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer. As used herein, “polyurethane prepolymer” refers to a prepolymer containing urethane linkages, thiourethane linkages, and / or urea linkages. The isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer may comprise a reaction product of reactants comprising a diisocyanate and a difunctional polyol, described in more detail below. The isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer may have one or more free isocyanate functional groups(NCO). The free isocyanate functional group may be terminal and / or pendant. The isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer may be pre-formed or may be formed in situ.

[0021] The isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer may comprise a difunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymer, as described in more detail below. The first component optionally may further comprise a second isocyanate-containing compound in addition to the difunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer. That is, the first component may comprise a plurality of isocyanate-functional compounds as described in more detail below. For example, the first component may further comprise a monofunctional isocyanate-containing compound and / or a polyfunctional isocyanate-containing compound. The monofunctional isocyanate-containing compound may be a monomer, a small molecule, a polymer, and / or a prepolymer. The polyfunctional isocyanate-containing compound may be a monomer, a small molecule, a polymer, and / or a prepolymer. The monofunctional isocyanate-containing prepolymer and the polyfunctional isocyanate-containing prepolymer may be, for example, a polyurethane prepolymer. For example, the monofunctional isocyanate-containing prepolymer and / or the polyfunctional isocyanate-containing prepolymer each may comprise a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) a monofunctional alcohol, a polyol such as a triol, a tetraol, and / or a higher functional polyol, a monofunctional amine, a polyfunctional amine, a monofunctional thiol, and / or a polyfunctional thiol and (ii) a monofunctional isocyanate and / or a polyfunctional isocyanate. As used herein, “monofunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer” refers to an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer containing one isocyanate functional group. As used herein, “difunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymer” refers to an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer containing two isocyanate functional groups. As used herein, “polyfunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymer” refers to an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer containing more than two isocyanate functional groups. The isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer may contain functional groups in addition to the isocyanate functional group(s).

[0022] The first component may comprise the isocyanate-functional difunctional polyurethane prepolymer in an amount of at least 50 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds in the first component, such as at least 70 percent by weight, such as at least 85 percent by weight, such as 100 percent by weight, such as no more than 98 percent by weight. The first component may comprise the isocyanate-functional polyurethaneprepolymer in an amount of 50 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanates in the first component, such as 70 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight, such as 85 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight, such as 85 percent by weight to 98 percent by weight.

[0023] The first component may further comprise the second isocyanate-containing compound in an amount of no more than 50 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds in the first component, such as no more than 30 percent by weight, such as no more than 15 percent by weight, such as no more than 2 percent by weight. The first component may further comprise the second isocyanate-containing compound in an amount of 2 percent by weight to 50 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanates in the first component, such as 2 percent by weight to 30 percent by weight, such as 2 percent by weight to 15 percent by weight.

[0024] Optionally, the composition may be substantially free, essentially free, or completely free of the monofunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymer and / or the polyfunctional isocyanate-functional prepolymer.

[0025] The difunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer may comprise a Mn of at least 500 g / mol, such as at least 750 g / mol. The difunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer may comprise a Mn of no more than 5,000 g / mol, such as no more than 2,500 g / mol. The difunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer may comprise a Mn of 500 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol, such as 750 g / mol to 2,500 g / mol. Number average molecular weight may be measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min"1, and two separation columns.

[0026] The difunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer may comprise an isocyanate equivalent weight of at least 250 g / eq, such as at least 300 g / eq. The difunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer may comprise an isocyanate equivalent weight of no more than 2,500 g / eq, such as no more than 1 ,250 g / eq. The difunctional isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer may comprise an isocyanate equivalent weight of 250 g / eq to 2,500 g / eq, such as 300 g / eq to 1,250 g / eq.

[0027] The difunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer may comprise an aliphatic isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer, such as a cyclic aliphatic isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer, and / or an aromatic isocyanate -functional polyurethane prepolymer.

[0028] Commercially available difunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymers that may be used in the present disclosure include isocyanate-functional prepolymers available under the Desmodur® trade name from Covestro AG, prepolymers available under the Adiprene® trade name from Lanxess, and prepolymers available under the Lupranate® trade name from BASF.

[0029] As discussed above, the difunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer may be a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) a monfunctional alcohol, a diol, and / or a polyol and (ii) a diisocyanate. For example, the reactant (i) may be a difunctional polyol, a difunctional amine, and / or a difunctional thiol.

[0030] Suitable polyols useful in forming any of the prepolymers described above include diols, triols, tetraols and / or higher functional polyols. The polyol may include polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propanediol, neopentyl glycol, butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, cyclohexanediol, benzenedimethanol, 4,4’ - isopropylidenedicyclohexanol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, di(trimethylolpronane) or di(pentaerythritol). Suitable polyols may also include polyether polyols, polyester polyols, acrylic polyols, polybutadiene polyols, hydrogenated polybutadiene polyols, polycarbonate polyols, and / or poly siloxane polyols. Polyamines corresponding to polyols may also be used, and in this case, urea linkages will be formed with the isocyanates.

[0031] The polyol useful in forming any of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers described above may include a polycaprolactone-based polyol. The polycaprolactone-based polyol may comprise a diol terminated with primary hydroxyl group(s). Commercially available polycaprolactone-based polyols include those sold under the trade name Capa® from Ingevity, such as, for example, Capa 2054, Capa 2077A, Capa 2085, Capa 2205, Capa 3031, Capa 3050, Capa 3091, and Capa 4101.

[0032] The polyol useful in forming any of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers described above may include a polyether polyol. Such polyols may be based on a polyether chain derived from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and the like, and mixtures thereof. The polyol may include a polyether-based polyol derived from alkylene oxides and the reaction products of reactants comprising low molecular weightpolyhydric alcohols and alkylene oxides, such as 1 ,2-propylene oxide, 1 ,2- or 2,3-butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof, such as commercially available polycthcr polyols including those sold under the trade name Pluracol®, Vornanol®, Arcol ® and Carpol® may be utilized. The polytetrahydrofuran-based polyol may comprise a diol, a triol, and / or a tetraol terminated with a primary hydroxyl group(s). Commercially available poly tetrahydrofuran-based polyols include those sold under the trade name Terathane®, such as Terathane® PTMEG 250, Terathane® PTMEG 650, and Terathane® PTMEG 1000 which are blends of linear diols in which the hydroxyl groups are separated by repeating tetramethylene ether groups, available from Invista. In addition, a polyol based on a dimer diol sold under the trade names Pripol® available from Cargill, Incorporated, Solvermol™ and Empol®, available from BASF, or a biobased polyol, such as the tetrafunctional polyol Agrol 4.0, available from BioBased Technologies, may also be utilized.

[0033] In examples, the polyol used to make the isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer may have a Mn of at least 60 g / mol, such as at least 90 g / mol, and may have a Mn of no more than 5,000 g / mol, such as no more than 2,000 g / mol. The polyol may have a Mn of 60 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol, such as 90 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol. Number average molecular weight may be measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min1, and two separation columns.

[0034] Isocyanates useful in forming the isocyanate-functional prepolymer may contain functional groups in addition to the isocyanate functional groups. The isocyanates may comprise Ci to C20 linear, cyclic, aliphatic, and / or aromatic difunctional or polyfunctional isocyanates.

[0035] Aliphatic diisocyanates and polyisocyanates useful in forming the isocyanate- functional prepolymer include (i) alkylene isocyanates, such as: trimethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, such as 1 ,4-tetramethylene diisocyanate; pentamethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate and 2-methyl-l,5-pentamethylene diisocyanate; hexamethylene diisocyanate, such as 1 ,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and 2,2,4- and 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, or mixtures thereof; heptamethylene diisocyanate, such as 1,7-heptamethylene diisocyanate; propylene diisocyanate, such as 1,2- propylene diisocyanate; butylene diisocyanate, such as 1,2-butylene diisocyanate, 2,3-butylene diisocyanate, 1,3-butylene diisocyanate, and 1,4-butylene diisocyanate; ethylene diisocyanate;decamethylene diisocyanate, such as 1 ,10-decamethylene diisocyanate; ethylidene diisocyanate; butylidcnc diisocyanatc; and hcxamcthylcnc diisocyanatc. Aliphatic polyisocyanatcs may also include (ii) cycloalkylene isocyanates, such as: cyclopentane diisocyanate, such as 1,3- cyclopentane diisocyanate; cyclohexane diisocyanate, such as 1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate, 1,2- cyclohexane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate (“IPDI”), IPDI trimer (commercially available as Desmodur® Z 4470 SN); methylene bis(4-cyclohexylisocyanate); polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate; and mixed aralkyl diisocyanates such as tetramethylxylyl diisocyanates, such as meta-tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (commercially available as TMXDI® from Allnex SA). Such isocyanates also may be useful as the second isocyanate- containing compound described above.

[0036] Aromatic diisocyanates and polyisocyanates useful in forming the isocyanate- functional prepolymer include (i) arylene isocyanates, such as: phenylene diisocyanate, such as m-phenylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, and chlorophenylene 2,4-diisocyanate; naphthalene diisocyanate, such as 1,5 -naphthalene diisocyanate and 1,4-naphthalene diisocyanate. Aromatic polyisocyanates may also include (ii) alkarylene isocyanates, such as: methylene-interrupted aromatic diisocyanates, such as 4,4’-diphenylene methane diisocyanate, and alkylated analogs such as 3, 3’-dimethyl-4, 4’ -diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and polymeric methylenediphenyl diisocyanate; toluene diisocyanate, such as 2,4-tolylene or 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, or mixtures thereof, bitoluene diisocyanates; and 4,4-toluidine diisocyanate; xylene diisocyanate; dianisidine diisocyanate; xylylene diisocyanate; and other alkylated benzene diisocyanates. Such isocyanates also may be useful as the second isocyanate-containing compound described above.

[0037] The composition may comprise the isocyanate-containing compound in an amount of at least 2 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 5 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the isocyanate-containing compounds in an amount of no more than 44 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 20 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the isocyanate-containing compounds in an amount of 2 percent by weight to 44 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 5 percent by weight to 20 percent by weight. As used herein, “isocyanate-containing compound,” when used with respect to the weight basis of isocyanate in the first component, refers to the total weight of isocyanate-containing compound in the firstcomponent, including the isocyanate-functional prepolymer and the second isocyanate- containing compound.

[0038] The isocyanate-functional prepolymer may have a viscosity of at least 0.1 Pa*s at 25°C, such as at least 10 Pa*s. The isocyanate-functional prepolymer may have a viscosity of no more than 100 Pa*s at 25°C, such as no more than 50 Pa*s. The isocyanate-functional prepolymer may have a viscosity of 0.1 Pa*s to 100 Pa*s at 25°C, such as 10 Pa*s to 50 Pa*s. Viscosity may be measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s’1.Hydroxy-Containing Compounds

[0039] The second component comprises a hydroxy-containing compound. The second component may comprise, or consist essentially of, or consist of, a polyol having a Mn greater than 1000 g / mol, such as at least 2,000 g / mol. The polyol may have a Mn of no more than 8,000 g / mol, such as no more than 4,000 g / mol. The polyol may have a Mn of greater than 1,000 g / mol to 8,000 g / mol, such as 2,000 g / mol to 4,000 g / mol. Number average molecular weight may be measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min’1, and two separation columns.

[0040] The polyol may comprise a liquid polyol. As used herein “liquid,” when used with respect to the polyol, means a material having a viscosity less than 100,000 Pa-s at 60°C as measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s’1.

[0041] The polyol having an Mn greater than 1 ,000 g / mol may comprise a difunctional polyol and / or a polyfunctional polyol, including any of the triols, tetraols, and / or higher functional polyols described above. As used herein, “difunctional polyol” refers to a molecule containing two hydroxyl-functional groups. As used herein, “polyfunctional polyol” refers to a molecule containing more than two hydroxyl-functional groups.

[0042] Suitable difunctional polyols include. Suitable difunctional polyols may also include polyether polyols, polyester polyols, acrylic polyols, polybutadiene polyols, hydrogenated polybutadiene polyols, polycarbonate polyols, and / or polysiloxane polyols. Polyamines corresponding to polyols may also be used, and in this case, urea linkages will be formed with the isocyanates.

[0043] The polyols may be based on a polyether chain derived from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and the reaction products of low molecular weight polyhydric alcohols with alkylene oxides, such as 1,2-propylene oxide, 1,2- or 2,3- butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof, and are polymerized eventually with the aid of a starter molecule having two or more active hydrogen atoms, such as, for example, water, ammonia or compounds having two or more OH or NH groups, such as, for example, 1,2- ethanediol, 1,2- and 1,3 -propanediol, neopentylglycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, the isomeric dipropylene glycols and tripropylene glycols, the isomeric butanediols, pentanediols, hexanediols, heptanediols, octanediols, nonanediols, decanediols, undecanediols, 1,3- and 1,4- cyclohexanedimethanol, bisphenol A, hydrogenated bis-phenol A, 1,1,1 -trimethylolethane, 1,1,1- trimethylol-propane, glycerol, aniline, and mixtures of the aforementioned compounds. Commercially available polyether polyols include those sold under the trade name Pluracol®, Vomanol®, and Carpol® may be utilized. Likewise, particularly suitable are ethylene oxide-end capped polyoxypropylene diols or triols. The latter are special polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene polyols which are obtained, for example, by alkoxylating straight polyoxypropylene polyols, after the polypropoxylation, with ethylene oxide, and which as a result contain primary hydroxyl groups.

[0044] The polyol may comprise a tetrahydrofuran-based polyol. The polytetrahydrofuran-based polyols may comprise diols terminated with primary hydroxyl groups. Commercially available polytetrahydrofuran-based polyols include those sold under the trade name Terathane®, such as Terathane® PTMEG 1000 which are blends of linear diols in which the hydroxyl groups are separated by repeating tetramethylene ether groups, available from Invista. In addition, polyols based on dimer diols sold under the trade names Pripol® available from Cargill, Incorporated, Solvermol™ and Empol®, available from BASF, or bio-based polyols, available from BioBased Technologies, may also be utilized.

[0045] The polyol may comprise a polycaprolactone-based polyol. The polycaprolactone-based polyols may comprise diols terminated with primary hydroxyl groups. Commercially available polycaprolactone-based polyols include those sold under the trade name Capa® from Ingevity, such as, for example, Capa 2054, Capa 2077A, Capa 2085, Capa 2205.

[0046] The composition may comprise the polyol having an Mn of at least 1,000 g / mol in an amount of at least 60 percent by weight based on total weight of hydroxy-containingcompounds, such as at least 70 percent by weight, such as at least 95 percent by weight, such as at least 99 percent by weight, such as 100 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the polyol having an Mn of at least 1,000 g / mol in an amount of 60 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight based on total weight of hydroxy-containing compounds, such as 70 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight, such as 95 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight, such as 70 percent by weight to 99 percent by weight.

[0047] The composition may further comprise a second polyol comprising a monofunctional alcohol and / or a polyol (difunctional and / or polyfunctional) in addition to the polyol having a Mn greater than 1,000 g / mol, including any of the triols, tetraols, and / or higher functional polyols described above. As used herein, the term “second polyol” includes monofunctional alcohols, difunctional polyols, and polyfunctional polyols. The second polyol may comprise a monomer, a small molecule, and / or a polymer. The second polyol may be present in the second component and / or a third component. As used herein, “monofunctional alcohol” refers to a molecule containing one hydroxyl-functional group. As used herein, “polyfunctional polyol” refers to a molecule containing more than two hydroxyl-functional groups.

[0048] Suitable second polyols may include small molecule diols, such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol. 1,3-propanediol, 2-methyl-l,3-butanediol. 1 ,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2-methyl-l,5- pentanediol, 3-methyl-l,5-pentanediol, 1.6-hexanediol. 2.2, 4-trimethyl-l,6-hexanediol. 3,3,5-trimethyl-l,6-hexanediol, 2,3,5-trimethylpentanediol, 1.9- nonanediol, 2-methyl-1.8-octanediol, decanediol, and dodecanediol, and the like.

[0049] Suitable examples of such second polyols include polyols based on a polyether chain derived from ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol and the like as well as mixtures thereof. The polyol may also be based on a polyester chain derived from ring opening polymerization of caprolactone (referred to as polycaprolactone-based polyols hereinafter). Suitable polyols may also include polyether polyols, polyurethane polyols, polyurea polyols, acrylic polyols, polyester polyols, polybutadiene polyols, hydrogenated polybutadiene polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polysiloxane polyols, and combinations thereof.

[0050] The second polyol may comprise a functional group in addition to the hydroxyl- functional group(s).

[0051] The composition may comprise the second polyol in an amount of no more than 40 percent by weight based on total weight of hydroxy 1-containing compounds in the second component, such as no more than 30 percent by weight, such as no more than 5 percent by weight, such as no more than 1 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the second polyol in an amount of 1 percent by weight to 40 percent by weight based on total weight of hydroxyl-containing compounds in the second component, such as 1 percent by weight to 30 percent by weight, such as 5 percent by weight to 40 percent by weight, such as 5 percent by weight to 30 percent by weight.

[0052] The composition may comprise the hydroxy-containing compound (i.e., the polyol having an Mn of 1,000 g / mol and the second polyol) in an amount of at least 2 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 5 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition. The composition may comprise the hydroxy-containing compound in an amount of 20 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 27 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the hydroxy-containing compound in an amount of 2 percent by weight to 27 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 5 percent by weight to 20 percent by weight. As used herein, “hydroxycontaining compound,” when used with respect to the weight basis of hydroxy-containing compound in the second component, refers to the total weight of hydroxy-containing compound in the second component, including the polyol having an Mn greater than 1,000 g / mol and the second polyol.Aromatic Diamine

[0053] The composition comprises an aromatic diamine. As used herein, “aromatic diamine” refers to a compound comprising an aromatic ring and two amine functional groups bonded to the aromatic ring. The aromatic diamine may be present in the second component and / or a third component. As used herein with respect to components, reference to “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., is for convenience only and does not refer to order of addition to the composition or the like.

[0054] The aromatic diamine may be a sterically hindered aromatic diamine. As used herein, a “sterically hindered aromatic diamine” refers to (i) an aromatic diamine that comprises a substituent, such as a C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, or C1-C4 alkylthio group, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec -butyl, tert-butyl, isobutyl, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy,isopropoxy, n-butoxy or isobutoxy, methylthio, ethylthio, n-propylthio, isopropylthio, n- butylthio, or isobutylthio, wherein the substituent is in at least one position ortho to each amino group, and / or (ii) an aromatic diamine in which the amine nitrogen additionally comprises a substituent such as an alkyl substituent. The aromatic diamine may comprise a liquid at ambient conditions.

[0055] Suitable aromatic diamines include phenylene diamine, diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4-diaminomesitylene, l,3,5-triethyl-2,6-diaminobenzene, l-methyl-3,5-diethyl-2,4- diaminobenzene, isobutyl 4-chloro-3,5-diaminobenzoate, methylene bis(methylanthranilate), trimethylene glycol di-p-aminobenzoate, dimethylthiotoluenediamine, available as Ethacure 300, diethyltoluenediamine, available as Ethacure 100, 4,4’ -bis(sec-butylamino)diphenyl methane, available as Ethacure 420, or combinations thereof.

[0056] The aromatic diamine may comprise a molecular weight of at least 100 g / mol as measured by mass spectrometry as set forth in Mass Spectrometry: A Textbook (3rdEdition, 2018, edited by Jurgen Gross), such as at least 125 g / mol. The aromatic diamine may comprise a molecular weight of no more than 750 g / mol as measured by mass spectrometry as set forth in Mass Spectrometry: A Textbook (3rdEdition, 2018, edited by Jurgen Gross), such as no more than 500 g / mol. The aromatic diamine may comprise a molecular weight of 100 g / mol to 750 g / mol as measured by mass spectrometry as set forth in Mass Spectrometry: A Textbook (3rdEdition, 2018, edited by Jurgen Gross), such as 125 g / mol to 500 g / mol.

[0057] The composition may comprise the aromatic diamine in an amount of at least 0.2 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 0.5 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the aromatic diamine in an amount of no more than 6 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 3 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the aromatic diamine in an amount of 0.2 percent by weight to 6 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 0.5 percent by weight to 3 percent by weight.Accelerator

[0058] The composition may comprise an accelerator. As used herein, “accelerator” refers to a substance that increases the rate or decreases the activation energy of a chemical reaction in comparison to the same reaction in the absence of an accelerator. An accelerator may be either a “catalyst,” that is, without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change, or maybe reactive, that is, capable of chemical reactions and includes any level of reaction from partial to complete reaction of a reactant.

[0059] The accelerator may comprise a nitrogen-based catalyst, such as an amine catalyst. The accelerator may comprise a tertiary amine, an / V-hctcrocyclic carbene, or an amidine / guanidine. Suitable accelerators that may be used in the present disclosure include N,N- dimethylcyclohexylamine, / V-dimcthylcthanola inc. A'-mcthyl morpholine, 2,2’- dimorpholinodiethylether, dimethylaminoethoxyethanol, triethylenediamine, bis(2- dimethylaminoethyl)ether, N,N,N' -trimethylaminoethylethanolamine, N,N,N ’,N’ -tetramethyl- 1 ,6- hexanediamine, l,3,5-tris(dimethylaminopropyl)-hexahydro-s-triazine, 1,8- diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, ;V-(3-aminopropyl )imidazolc, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 1,5,7- triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene, or 7-methyl-l,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene.

[0060] The accelerator may be an organic acid, such as diphenyl phosphate, methanesulfonic acid, or triflic acid.

[0061] The accelerator may be an inorganic accelerator, such as an organometallic complex. Suitable inorganic accelerators include titanates, such as tetrabutyl titanate or tetrapropyl titanate, tin compounds, such as dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin diacetate, tin octoate, or dibutyl tin oxide, or other metal compounds, such as bismuth, zirconium, titanium, aluminum, or iron, or chelates thereof, such as zirconium acetylacetonate or iron acetylacetonate.

[0062] The composition may comprise the accelerator in an amount of at least 0.0001 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 0.001 percent by weight, such as at least 0.01 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the accelerator in an amount of no more than 5 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 1 percent by weight, such as no more than 0.25 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the accelerator in an amount of 0.0001 percent by weight to 5 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 0.001 percent by weight to 1 percent by weight, such as 0.01 percent by weight to 0.25 percent by weight.Filler

[0063] The composition comprises a filler. Useful filler that may be included in the composition include cellulose, starch, acrylics, fiberglass, fibrous titanium dioxide, whisker type calcium carbonate (aragonite), carbon fiber (which includes graphite and carbon nanotubes), borosilicate, aluminosilicate, calcium carbonate, and the like. Fillers may be a thermallyconductive filler such as, for example, boron nitride, aluminum trihydrate, metal oxide, metal hydroxide, graphite, graphene, and the like. Fillers may be non-thcrmally conductive filler, such as, for example, mica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, glass microspheres, clay, silicon dioxide, and the like.

[0064] The fillers may comprise a thermally conductive, electrically insulative filler (referred to herein as “TC / EI filler” and described in more detail below) and / or a thermally conductive, electrically conductive filler (referred to herein as “TC / EC filler” and described in more detail below). The TC / EI and / or TC / EC (referred to collectively as “thermally conductive fillers”) may be present in the first component, the second component and / or a third component. The thermally conductive fillers may comprise an organic or inorganic material and may comprise particles of a single type of filler material or may comprise particles of two or more types of TC / EI filler and / or two or more types of TC / EC filler. That is, the filler may comprise a first TC / EI filler and may further comprise at least a second (i.e., a second, a third, a fourth, etc.) TC / EI filler in addition to the first TC / EI filler. Likewise, the filler may comprise a first TC / EC filler and may further comprise at least a second (i.e., a second, a third, a fourth, etc.) TC / EC filler in addition to the first TC / EC filler. As used herein with respect to types of filler, reference to “first,” “second”, etc. is for convenience only and does not refer to order of addition to the composition or the like.

[0065] The composition may comprise the thermally conductive filler material in an amount of 100 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as no more than 90 percent by volume, such as no more than 80 percent by volume. The composition may comprise the thermally conductive filler material in an amount of at least 20 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as at least 50 percent by volume. The composition may comprise the thermally conductive filler material in an amount of 20 percent to 90 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as 50 percent by volume to 80 percent by volume.

[0066] The filler may comprise a non-thermally conductive filler. That is, the compositions disclosed herein also may comprise non-thermally conductive, electrically insulative filler (referred to herein as “NTC / EI” filler). NTC / EI filler may be present in the first component, the second component and / or a third component. The NTC / EI filler may comprise an organic or inorganic material and may comprise particles of a single type of filler material or may comprise particles of two or more types of NTC / EI filler. That is, the composition maycomprise a first NTC / EI filler and may further comprise at least a second (i.e., a second, a third, a fourth, etc.) NTC / EI filler in addition to the first NTC / EI filler.

[0067] The composition may comprise the non-thermally conductive filler in an amount of at least 10 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as at least 20 percent by volume. The composition may comprise the non-thermally conductive filler in an amount of no more than 80 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as no more than 50. The composition may comprise the non-thermally conductive filler in an amount of 10 percent by volume to 80 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as 20 percent by volume to 50 percent by volume.

[0068] Optionally, any of the fillers may comprise a surface coating. The surface coating may comprise a silane, an amino- silane and / or a multidentate polymer.

[0069] The fillers may have a reported average particle size in at least one dimension of at least 0.01 |im, such as at least 2 |im, such as at least 10 |im, and may have a reported average particle size in at least one dimension of no more than 500 m as reported by the manufacturer, such as no more than 400 pm, such as no more than 300 pm, such as no more than 100 pm. The fillers may have an average particle size in at least one dimension of 0.01 pm to 500 pm, such as 0.1 pm to 400 pm, such as 2 pm to 300 pm, such as 10 pm to 100 pm. Particle sizes may be measured by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), such as a Quanta 250 FEG SEM or an equivalent instrument. For example, powders may be dispersed on segments of carbon tape attached to aluminum stubs and coated with Au / Pd for 20 seconds. Samples then may be analyzed in an SEM under high vacuum (accelerating voltage lOkV and spot size 3.0), measuring 30 particles from three different areas to provide an average particle size for each sample. One skilled in the art will recognize that there can be variations in this procedure that retain the essential elements of microscopic imaging and averaging of representative size. Alternatively, particle sizes may be reported by the manufacturer.

[0070] The thermally conductive filler may comprise particles each having, for example, a platy, spherical, acicular shape, or irregular shape and agglomerates thereof. As used herein, “platy” refers to a two-dimensional material having a substantially flat surface and that has a thickness in one direction that is less than 25% of the largest dimension.

[0071] The thermally conductive filler (i.e., TC / EI and / or TC / EC fillers) may have a thermal conductivity of at least 5 W / nrK at 25°C, such as at least 18 W / nrK, such as at least 55 W / m-K, and may have a thermal conductivity of no more than 3,000 W / m-K at 25 °C, such as no more than 1,400 W / m-K, such as no more than 450 W / m-K. The thermally conductive filler may have a thermal conductivity of 5 W / m-K to 3,000 W / m-K at 25°C, such as 18 W / m-K to 1,400 W / m-K, such as 55 W / m-K to 450 W / m-K. Thermal conductivity may be measured according to ASTM D7984-21.

[0072] The non-thermally conductive filler may have a thermal conductivity of less than 5 W / m-K at 25°C (measured according to ASTM D7984-21), such no more than 3 W / m-K, such as no more than 1 W / m-K, such as no more than 0.1 W / m-K, such as no more than 0.05 W / m-K, such as 0.02 W / m-K at 25°C to 5 W / m-K at 25°C. Thermal conductivity may be measured as described above.

[0073] The filler may be electrically insulative. The electrically insulative filler may have a volume resistivity of at least 1 Q-m, such as at least 10 Q m, such as at least 100 Q-m. Electrical insulation may be measured according to ASTM D257-19.

[0074] The filler may be electrically conductive. The electrically conductive filler may have a volume resistivity of less than 1 Q-m, such as less than 0.1 Q-m. Electrical conductivity may be measured according to ASTM D257-19.

[0075] Suitable TC / EI fillers include boron nitride (for example, commercially available as CarboTherm from Saint-Gobain, as CoolFlow and PolarTherm from Momentive, and as hexagonal boron nitride powder available from Panadyne), silicon nitride, or aluminum nitride (for example, commercially available as aluminum nitride powder available from Micron Metals Inc., and as Toyalnite from Toyal), metal oxides such as Boehmite, Pseudo Boehmite, aluminum oxide (for example, commercially available as Microgrit from Micro Abrasives, as Nabalox from Nabaltec, as Martoxid from Huber, as Aeroxide from Evonik, and as Alodur from Imerys), magnesium oxide, beryllium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, or tin oxide, metal hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, arsenides such as boron arsenide, carbides such as silicon carbide, minerals such as agate and emery, ceramics such as ceramic microspheres (for example, commercially available from Zeeospheres Ceramics or 3M), silicon carbide, and diamond. These fillers can also be surface modified, such asPYROKTSUMA 5301 K available from Kyowa Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. These thermally conductive fillers may be used alone or in a combination of two or more.

[0076] Suitable TC / EC fillers include metals such as silver, zinc, copper, gold, or metal coated hollow particles, carbon compounds such as graphite (such as Timrex commercially available from Imerys or ThermoCarb commercially available from Asbury Carbons), carbon black (for example, commercially available as Vulcan from Cabot Corporation), carbon fibers (for example, commercially available as milled carbon fiber from Zoltek), graphene and graphenic carbon particles (for example, xGnP graphene nanoplatelets commercially available from XG Sciences, and / or for example, the graphene particles described below), carbonyl iron, copper (such as spheroidal powder commercially available from Sigma Aldrich), zinc (such as Ultrapure commercially available from Purity Zinc Metals and Zinc Dust XL and XLP available from US Zinc), and the like. Examples of “graphenic carbon particles” include carbon particles having structures comprising one or more layers of one-atom-thick planar sheets of sp2-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. The average number of stacked layers may be less than 100, for example, less than 50. The average number of stacked layers may be 30 or less, such as 20 or less, such as 10 or less, such as 5 or less. The graphenic carbon particles may be substantially flat; however, at least a portion of the planar sheets may be substantially curved, curled, creased, or buckled. The particles typically do not have a spheroidal or equiaxed morphology. Suitable graphenic carbon particles are described in U.S. Publication No. 2012 / 0129980, at paragraphs

[0059] -

[0065] , the cited portion of which is incorporated herein by reference. Other suitable graphenic carbon particles are described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,562,175, at 6:6 to 9:52, the cited portion of which is incorporated herein by reference. As used herein, the term “substantially flat” means planar; “curved” or “curled” materials deviate from planarity by having a non-zero curvature; and “creased” or “buckled” indicates that at least a portion of the area is thicker than one sheet, such that the plane is doubled or folded upon itself.

[0077] Suitable NTC / EI fillers include but are not limited to mica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, glass microspheres, clay, silicon dioxide, or combinations thereof.

[0078] As used herein, the term “mica” generally refers to sheet silicate (phyllosilicate) minerals. The mica may comprise muscovite mica. Muscovite mica comprises a phyllosilicate mineral of aluminum and potassium with the formula KAl2(AlSi30io)(F,OH)2or (KF)2(Al2O3)3(SiO2)6(H2O). Exemplary non-limiting commercially available muscovite micainclude products sold under the trade name DakotaPURE™, such as DakotaPURE™ 700, DakotaPURE™ 1500, DakotaPURE™ 2400, DakotaPURE™ 3000, DakotaPURE™ 3500 and DakotaPURE™ 4000, available from Pacer Minerals. Wollastonite comprises a calcium inosilicate mineral (CaSiCE) that may contain small amounts of iron, aluminum, magnesium, manganese, titanium and / or potassium. The wollastonite may have a B.E.T. surface area of 1.5 to 2.1 m2 / g, such as 1.8 nr / g and a median particle size of 6 microns to 10 microns, such as 8 microns. Non-limiting examples of commercially available wollastonite include NY AD 400 available from NYCO Minerals, Inc.

[0079] The calcium carbonate (CaCCh) may comprise a precipitated calcium carbonate or a ground calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate may or may not be surface treated, such as treated with stearic acid. Non-limiting examples of commercially available precipitated calcium carbonate include Ultra-Pflex®, Albafil®, and Albacar HO® available from Specialty Minerals and Winnofil® SPT available from Solvay. Non-limiting examples of commercially available ground calcium carbonate include Duramite™ available from IMERYS and Marblewhite® available from Specialty Minerals.

[0080] Useful clay minerals include a non-ionic platy filler such as talc, pyrophyllite, chlorite, vermiculite, or combinations thereof.

[0081] The glass microspheres may be hollow borosilicate glass. Non-limiting examples of commercially available glass microspheres include 3M Glass bubbles type VS, K series, and S series available from 3M.

[0082] The filler may comprise a thermally stable filler and / or a thermally unstable filler.

[0083] The filler may be present in the composition in an amount of greater than 50 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 60 percent by weight. The filler may be present in the composition in an amount of no more than 93 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 85 percent by weight.The filler may be present in the composition in an amount of greater than 50 percent by weight to 93 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 60 percent by weight to 85 percent by weight.Thermally Expandable Material

[0084] The composition of the present disclosure may further comprise a thermally expandable material. The thermally expandable material may be present in the first component,the second component, and / or a third component. As used herein, the term “thermally expandable” means a pigment, filler, cncapsulant, thermoplastic, inorganic powder, capsule, microcapsule, or the like that, upon heating, undergoes an increase in volume in at least one dimension.

[0085] Suitable examples of thermally expandable material may comprise inorganic salts and / or thermally expandable graphite, such as thermally expandable graphite available from ACS Material.

[0086] The thermally expandable material may comprise thermally expandable capsules. The thermally expandable capsules may comprise thermally expandable hollow capsules. The thermally expandable capsules may comprise a thermoplastic resin and / or a volatile material such as a volatile hydrocarbon and / or a volatile gas. The thermally expandable capsules may comprise a thermoplastic resin shell with a volatile material core. Suitable thermally expandable materials comprise Expancel available from Nouryon, Advancell available from Sekisui, and the like.

[0087] The thermally expandable material may have an average initial (i.e., preexpansion) particle size of at least 0.5 pm measured by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as laser diffraction or Low Angle Laser Light Scattering (LALLS), such as at least 1 pm, such as at least 2 pm, such as at least 3 pm, such as at least 5 pm, such as at least 10 pm. The thermally expandable material may have an average initial (i.e., pre-expansion) particle size of no more than 100 pm measured by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as laser diffraction or Low Angle Laser Light Scattering (LALLS), such as no more than 80 pm, such as no more than 60 pm, such as no more than 50 pm. The thermally expandable material may have an average initial (i.e., pre-expansion) particle size of 0.5 pm to 100 pm measured by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as laser diffraction or Low Angle Laser Light Scattering (LALLS), such as 1 pm to 80 pm, such as 2 pm to 60 pm, such as 3 pm to 50 pm, such as 5 pm to 50 pm, such as 10 pm to 50 pm.

[0088] The thermally expandable material may have an expansion temperature of at least 60°C, such as at least 70°C, such as at least 80°C, such as at least 90°C, such as at least 100°C, such as at least 110°C, such as at least 120°C, such as at least 130°C, such as at least 140°C, such as at least 150°C, such as at least 160°C, such as at least 170°C, such as at least 180°C, such as at least 190°C, such as at least 200°C, such as no more than 250°C. As used herein, the term“expansion temperature,” when used with respect to the thermally expandable material, means the temperature at which the particle size begins to increase due to an increase in volume in at least one dimension. In the case of thermally expandable capsules, the increase in particle size may be, for example, the result of the volatile material beginning to expand while the thermoplastic resin shell softens.

[0089] The composition may comprise the thermally expandable material in an amount of at least 0.5 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 1 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the thermally expandable material in an amount of no more than 20 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 10 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the thermally expandable material in an amount of 0.5 percent to 20 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 1 percent to 10 percent by weight.Moisture Scavengers

[0090] The composition may optionally comprise a moisture scavenger. As used herein, “moisture scavenger” refers to a material capable of absorbing water or reacting with water to prevent its reaction with other components of the composition.

[0091] Examples of suitable moisture scavengers that may be used in the present disclosure include physical and chemical moisture scavengers. Suitable physical moisture scavengers include zeolites / molecular sieves. Suitable chemical moisture scavengers include oxazolidines, tosyl isocyanates, orthoformates, alkoxysilanes or vinyl silanes.

[0092] The composition may comprise the moisture scavenger in an amount of at least 0.1 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 1 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the moisture scavenger in an amount of no more than 10 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 5 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the moisture scavenger in an amount of 0.1 percent by weight to 10 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 1 percent by weight to 5 percent by weight.Plasticizers

[0093] The composition may optionally comprise a plasticizer. Plasticizers may be present in the first component, the second component, and / or a third or higher components. As used herein, the term “plasticizer” refers to a molecule or a compound that does not have afunctional group capable of reacting with molecules or compounds in a composition under the cure conditions of the composition, docs not volatilize under ambient conditions, and that is added to the composition to increase its plasticity, to decrease its viscosity, decrease glass transition temperature (Tg), impart flexibility and / or to decrease friction during its handling in manufacturing.

[0094] Examples of plasticizers include diisononylphthalate (Jayflex™ DINP available from Exxon Mobil), diisodecylphthalate (Jayflex™ DIDP available from Exxon Mobil), and alkyl benzyl phthalate (Santicizer 278 available from Valtris); benzoate -based plasticizers such as dipropylene glycol dibenzoate (K-Flex® available from Emerald Performance Materials); and other plasticizers including terephthalate-based dioctyl terephthalate (DEHT available from Eastman Chemical Company), alkylsulfonic acid ester of phenol (Mesamoll available from Borchers), and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (Hexamoll DINCH available from BASF). These plasticizers can be polymers such as polyacrylates.

[0095] The composition may comprise the plasticizer in an amount of at least 0.1 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 1 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the plasticizer in an amount of no more than 20 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 10 percent by weight. The composition may comprise the plasticizer in an amount of 0.1 percent by weight to 20 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 1 percent by weight to 10 percent by weight.Additives

[0096] The composition may optionally comprise an additive. Additives may be present in the first component, the second component, and / or a third or higher components. As used herein, an “additive” includes a rheology modifier including a thixotrope, a tackifier, a thermoplastic polymer, a surfactant, a dispersant, a flame retardant, a corrosion inhibitor, a UV stabilizer, a colorant, a tint, a solvent, an adhesion promoter, an antioxidant, a silane, a stabilizer, an oil, and / or a blowing agent. Certain thermally conductive materials such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, for example, also may be flame retardants; or purposes of calculating weight percentages herein, such materials are counted as thermally conductive materials. As used herein, “flame retardant” refers to a material that slows down or stops the spread of fire or reduces its intensity. Flame retardants may be available as a powder that maybe mixed with a composition, a foam, or a gel. In examples, when the compositions disclosed herein include a flame retardant, such compositions may form a coating on a substrate surface and such coating may function as a flame retardant. A flame retardant can include a mineral, an organic compound, an organohalogen compound, an organophosphorous compound, or a combination thereof.

[0097] Additives may be present in the composition in an amount of at least 0.1 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 1 percent by weight. Additives, if present at all, may be present in the composition in an amount of no more than 20 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 10 percent by weight. Additives, if present at all, may be present in the composition in an amount of 0.1 percent by weight to 20 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 1 percent by weight to 10 percent by weight.Compositions

[0098] The composition may comprise a ratio of isocyanate equivalents to active hydrogen equivalents (“NCO:OH+NH2”) of at least 0.75:1, such as at least 1:1. The composition may comprise a ratio of isocyanate equivalents to active hydrogen equivalents of no more than 1.7:1, such as no more than 1.4:1. The composition may comprise a ratio of isocyanate equivalents to active hydrogen equivalents of 0.75:1 to 1.7:1, such as 1:1 to 1.4:1.

[0099] The first component and / or the second component may comprise a viscosity at 25°C of at least 0.1 Pa*S, such as at least 10 Pa*s. The first component and / or the second component may comprise a viscosity 25°C of no more than 3,000 Pa*s, such as no more than 50 Pa*s. The first component and / or the second component may comprise a viscosity at 25°C of 0.1 Pa*s to 3,000 Pa*s, such as 10 Pa*s to 1,000 Pa*s. Viscosity may be measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s’1.

[0100] The compositions disclosed herein may be formulated, for example, as a coating composition such as an adhesive composition, such as a structural adhesive composition, a pottant composition, a foam, a pre-preg, a liquid shim composition, a sealant composition, or a gap filler composition.

[0101] Under thermal conditions of at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expandable material, the thermally expandable material may have an expansion volume ratio (i.e., post-expansion volume / pre-expansion volume) of at least 5 such as at least 10, such as atleast 20, such as at least 50, such as at least 75, such as at least 100, such as at least 125, such as at least 175, such as at least 200. Under thermal conditions of at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expandable material, the thermally expandable material may have an expansion volume ratio (i.e., post-expansion volume I pre-expansion volume) of no more than 250 measured. Under thermal conditions of at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expandable material, the thermally expandable material may have an expansion volume ratio (i.e., post-expansion volume I pre-expansion volume) of 5 to 250, such as 10 to 250, such as 20 to 250, such as 50 to 250, such as 75 to 250, such as 100 to 250, such as 125 to 250, such as 175 to 250, such as 200 to 250. The post-expansion volume and the pre-expansion volume of the thermally expandable material may be measured by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as SEM, laser diffraction, or LALLS.Methods and Cured Coatings

[0102] The compositions described above may be applied alone or as part of a system that can be deposited in different ways onto different substrates. Accordingly, disclosed herein are methods for treating a substrate comprising, or consisting essentially of, or consisting of, contacting a surface of the substrate with any of the compositions disclosed herein. “Contacting a surface of the substrate” encompasses contacting a surface of a substrate that has been treated with other coatings, as described herein. Optionally, the method may comprise mixing the first component and second component to form the composition. The composition can be applied to the surface of a substrate in different ways, non-limiting examples of which include brushes, rollers, films, pellets, trowels, spatulas, dips, spray guns, and applicator guns to form a coating on the substrate surface.

[0103] After application to the substrate(s), the composition may be cured. For example, the composition may be allowed to cure at room temperature or slightly thermal conditions, and for any desired time period (e.g., from 5 minutes to 1 hour) sufficient to cure the composition on the substrate(s). Optionally, the composition may be further cured by heating at an elevated temperature following the contacting of the substrate surface with the composition, such as at a temperature of less than 90°C, such as less than 80°C, such as less than 70°C, such as less than 60°C, but greater than ambient, such as greater than 40°C, such as greater than 50°C, and for any desired time period (e.g., from 5 minutes to 1 hour) sufficient to cure the composition on the substrate(s), provided that, in compositions comprising a thermally expandable material, thethermal conditions may be lower than the expansion temperature of the thermally expandable material. Upon cure, the composition may form a coating on the substrate surface. The coating may be, for example, an adhesive such as a structural adhesive, a pottant, a pre-preg, a liquid shim, a seal, or a gap filler. The composition may be cured to form an article, such as by additive manufacturing, such as three-dimensional (“3D”) printing as described below.

[0104] In compositions comprising a thermally expandable material, the coatings disclosed herein may be cured prior to expansion of the thermally expandable material to form a thermally expandable coating.

[0105] The method optionally may further comprise contacting a surface of a second substrate to the composition such that the composition is between the first substrate and the second substrate. For example, the composition may be applied to either one or both of the first and second substrates such that the composition is positioned between the first and the second substrates. In examples, the substrates may be aligned, and pressure and / or spacers may be added to control bond thickness.

[0106] The composition may be applied to cleaned or uncleaned (i.e. , including oil or oiled) substrate surfaces. The compositions disclosed herein may also be applied to a substrate that has been pretreated, coated with an electrodepo sitable coating, and / or coated with additional coatings such as a primer, basecoat, or topcoat.

[0107] The composition may be injected or otherwise placed in a die caster or a mould and dried or cured under ambient conditions or by exposure to an external energy source, for example, such as by heating to a temperature of less than 180°C, such as less than 130°C, such as less than 90°C to form a part or a member and optionally may be machined to a particular configuration.

[0108] The compositions disclosed herein may be applied to a substrate surface and cured as described above to form a coating. The coatings may be, for example, an adhesive, such as a structural adhesive, a sealant, a gap filler, a pottant, and / or a liquid shim.

[0109] The coatings surprisingly demonstrate at least one of the following:(a) at -35°C, a lap shear strength of at least 3 MPa, a tensile strength at break of at least 10 MPa, a tensile elongation at break of at least 10%, and / or a Young’s Modulus of 100 MPa to 1,000 MPa;(b) at ambient conditions, a lap shear strength of at least 0.5 MPa, a tensile strength at break of at least 4 MPa, a tensile elongation at break of at least 10%, and / or a Young’s Modulus of 6 MPa to 700 MPa; and / or(c) at 60 °C, a lap shear strength of at least 0.5 MPa, a tensile strength at break of at least 4 MPa, a tensile elongation at break of at least 10%, and / or a Young’s Modulus of 6 MPa to 500 MPa.

[0110] At ambient conditions, samples containing thermally expandable material yielded a reduction in lap shear strength of at least 12% post-expansion relative to lap shear strength preexpansion.

[0111] Thermally expandable coatings disclosed herein may have a pre-expansion thermal conductivity of at least 0.5 W / m-K at 25°C measured according to ASTM D7984-21 using a modified transient plane source instrument, such as at least 1 W / m-K, such as at least 2 W / m K, such as at least 3 W / m-K, such as at least 4 W / m-K, such as at least 5 W / m-K, relative to thermal conductivity pre-expansion.

[0112] Thermally expandable coatings disclosed herein may have a decrease in thermal conductivity post-expansion (following exposure to at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expandable material) relative to pre-expansion thermal conductivity (measured at 25°C according to ASTM D7984-21 using a modified transient plane source instrument) of at least 10%, such as at least 25%, such as at least 50%, such as at least 75%, such as at least 95%, such as at least 96%, such as at least 97%, such as at least 98%, such as at least 99%.

[0113] Following exposure to thermal conditions (at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expandable material), the thermally expandable material may have an expansion volume ratio (i.e., post-expansion volume I pre-expansion volume) of greater than 1 when measured at 25°C and by methods known to those skilled in the art, such as SEM, laser diffraction, or LALLS, such as at least 1.1, such as at least 1.2, such as at least 1.5, such as at least 2, such as at least 2.5, such as at least 3, such as at least 4, such as at least 5, such as at least 10, such as at least 20, such as at least 50, such as at least 75, such as at least 100, such as at least 125, such as at least 175, such as at least 200.

[0114] The thermally expandable coatings disclosed herein may have a post-expansion volume ratio of greater than 1, such as at least 1.1, such as at least 1.2, such as at least 1.5, such as at least 2, such as at least 3, such as at least 5, such as at least 10, such as at least 20, whereinthe post-expansion volume ratio = post-expansion volume (measured at 25°C following exposure to at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expandable material) / pre-expansion volume (measured at 25 °C prior to exposure to at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expandable material) and wherein volumes are measured using a caliper and the coating is cohesive / non-crumbling.3-D Printing

[0115] Compositions disclosed herein may be applied or deposited using any suitable method, including those aforementioned. Alternatively, the composition may be casted, extruded, molded, or machined to form a part or a member in a cured state.

[0116] The compositions may be used in any suitable additive manufacturing technology, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing, extrusion, jetting, and binder jetting. Additive manufacturing refers to a process of producing a part or member by constructing it in layers, such as one layer at a time.

[0117] The present disclosure is also directed to the production of structural articles, such as by way of a non-limiting example, sound damping pads, print gaskets, or seals, using an additive manufacturing process, such as 3D printing. 3D printing refers to a computerized process, optionally including artificial intelligence modulation, by which materials are printed or deposited in successive layers to produce a 3D pail or member, such as, by way of a non-limiting example, sound damping pads in a battery assembly. A 3D part or member may be produced by depositing successive portions or layers over a base of any spatial configuration and thereafter depositing additional portions or layers over the underlying deposited portion or layer and / or adjacent to the previously deposited portion or layer to produce the 3D printed part or member.

[0118] It will be appreciated that the configuration of the 3D printing process, including the selection of suitable deposition equipment, depends on factors such as the deposition volume, the viscosity of the composition, and the complexity of the pail being fabricated. Any suitable mixing, delivery, and 3D printing equipment as known to those skilled in the ail, may be used. Compositions may be printed or deposited in any size and / or shape of droplets or extrudate, and in any patterns to produce the 3D structure.

[0119] Compositions as disclosed herein may be applied or deposited by any suitable 3D printing method as known to those skilled in the art. First and second components of a 2Kcomposition may be mixed and then deposited, or the first and second components may be deposited separately, such as simultaneously and / or sequentially.

[0120] The first component and the second component may be premixed, i.e., mixed prior to application, and then deposited. The mixture may be reacted or thermoset when the material is deposited. The deposited reaction mixture may react after deposition and may also react with previously deposited portions and / or subsequently deposited portions of the article such as underlying layers or overlying layers of the article.

[0121] In a non-limiting example, the first and second components may be released from their individual storage containers and pushed, such as pumped through conduits, such as hoses, to a mixer, such as a static or dynamic mixer, wherein the composition may be mixed for a time sufficient to homogenize the composition, wherein the composition may then be released through an outlet. The outlet may be a deposition device, such as a printing head, and / or the materials may exit the mixing unit and be pushed, such as by a pump, through a conduit, such as a hose, to the printing head. The printing head may optionally be mounted on a 3D rotational robotic ami to allow delivery of 3D print compositions to any base in any spatial configuration and / or the base may be manipulated in any spatial configuration during the 3D printing process.

[0122] Alternatively, the first component and the second component may be deposited independently from different printing heads. The first component may be deposited from one printing head and the second component may be deposited from a second printing head. The first and second components may be deposited in any pattern such that the first and second components comprising any deposited layer can react together as well as react with underlying and / or overlying layers to produce the 3D printed part or member.

[0123] Methods provided by the present disclosure include printing the composition on a fabricated part. Methods provided by the present disclosure include directly printing parts.

[0124] Using the methods provided by the present disclosure parts can be fabricated. The entire pail can be formed from one of the compositions disclosed herein, one or more portions of a part can be formed from one of the compositions disclosed herein, one or more different portions of a part can be formed using the compositions disclosed herein, and / or one or more surfaces of a part can be formed from a composition provided by the present disclosure. In addition, internal regions of a part can be formed from a composition provided by the present disclosure. Any of the substrates disclosed herein may comprise a dielectric coating in additionto a coating (i.e. , a “second” coating) formed from one of the compositions described above. The substrate may comprise the dielectric coating on a first substrate surface and the second coating on a second substrate surface.

[0125] Also disclosed herein are coating systems. The coating system may comprise: a dielectric coating composition for application to a first substrate surface; and any of the compositions disclosed herein for application to a second substrate surface. In a cured state, the dielectric coating composition may form a dielectric coating. In a cured state, the composition may form a second coating.

[0126] Also disclosed herein are coating kits. The coating kit may comprise: a dielectric coating composition for application to a first substrate surface; and any of the compositions disclosed herein for application to a second substrate surface. The kit optionally may comprise instructions for applying the dielectric coating composition and the disclosed composition to the substrate surfaces.

[0127] As used herein with respect to dielectric coatings and the second coatings, and systems and kits comprising compositions for forming the same, the first substrate surface and the second substrate surface may be on a single substrate or may be on a first substrate and a second substrate, respectively.

[0128] The dielectric coating composition and the composition may form continuous or discontinuous coatings, provided that the coatings overlap to form a coating stack, e.g., a second coating formed from a composition on a dielectric coating formed from the dielectric coating composition. Such a coating stack does not preclude the possibility of coatings in addition to the dielectric coating and the second coating, wherein such additional coatings may or may not be positioned between the dielectric coating and the second coating. Optionally, the coating stack may be formed between two substrates.

[0129] As used herein, “dielectric” refers to a composition or coating comprising a dielectric strength of at least 10 kV / mm measured using a Sefelec Dielectric Strength Tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV, Imax Limit 0.1 mA, 19 sec ramp, 20 sec dwell, 2 sec fall) according to ASTM D149-09, such as at least 12 kV / mm, such as at least 15 kV / mm.

[0130] The dielectric coating composition may comprise a binder comprising a filmforming resin. As used herein, “film-forming resin” refers to one or more monomers, oligomers, prepolymers and / or polymers, such as homopolymers and / or copolymers, that can form a coatingupon reaction with a curing agent or crosslinker, upon evaporation of a solvent, and / or upon photo or thermal activation. The dielectric coating composition may comprise any suitable filmforming resin, including organic film-forming resins and / or inorganic film-forming resins, such as silicon-based film- forming resins. Examples of suitable film-forming resins include but are not limited to polyester, alkyd, urethane, isocyanate, polyurea, epoxy, acrylic, polyether, polysulfide, polyamine, polyamide, polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin, polyvinylidene fluoride, polysiloxane, amine-aldehydes, resinous polyols, phosphatized polyepoxides, phosphatized acrylic polymers, aminoplasts, or combinations thereof.

[0131] The dielectric coating composition may optionally comprise a curing agent and / or crosslinker that is capable of crosslinking with the film-forming resin to cure the dielectric coating composition. Any suitable curing agent and / or crosslinker that is capable of crosslinking with the film-forming resin may be used. Examples of suitable curing agents include but are not limited to amines, aminoplasts, phenoplasts, polyisocyanates, including blocked isocyanates, polyepoxides, beta-hydroxyalkylamides, polyacids, organometallic acid-functional materials, polyamines, polyamides, polysulfides, polythiols, polyenes such as polyacrylates, polyols, polysilanes and the like, or combinations thereof.

[0132] The dielectric coating composition may optionally further comprise colorants, pigments, additives, and / or fillers. Suitable fillers that may be used in the dielectric coating composition include TC / EI filler materials, TC / EC filler materials, and / or thermally insulative, electrically insulative filler materials.

[0133] The dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermoset coating composition, wherein the coating composition is cured upon crosslinking of a film-forming resin and a curing agent and / or crosslinker. Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermoplastic coating composition, wherein the coating composition comprises a film-forming resin that cures upon evaporation of water and / or solvent. Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a thermoset or thermoplastic coating composition that cures upon exposure to actinic radiation, such as ultraviolet light.

[0134] The dielectric coating composition may comprise a liquid coating composition or a powder coating composition. As used herein, when referring to a dielectric coating composition, “liquid” means a material having a viscosity less than 100,000 Pa-s at 25°C asmeasured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s’1.

[0135] Suitable liquid coating compositions include but are not limited to electrodepositable coating compositions, one-component coating compositions, and / or multicomponent coating compositions.

[0136] For example, the liquid dielectric coating composition may comprise an electrodepositable coating composition. The electrodepositable coating composition may comprise one or more cationic or anionic salt group-containing film-forming resins that may be deposited onto a metal or other conductive substrate under the influence of an applied electrical potential, i.e., by electrodeposition.

[0137] In other examples, the liquid dielectric coating composition may comprise a UV-curable coating composition comprising film-forming resins capable of curing upon exposure to UV radiation. Any suitable UV-curable film-forming resin may be used, such as free radical polymerizable resins containing ethylenic unsaturation or olefinic double bonds and / or film-forming resins that may react through a cationic photopolymerization mechanism. Examples of suitable UV-curable coating compositions that may be used include but are not limited to the RAYCRON line of UV-curable coatings, commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc.

[0138] Other suitable liquid dielectric coating compositions include but are not limited to the SPECTRACRON line of solvent-based coating compositions and the AQUACRON line of water-based coating compositions, all commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc. The liquid dielectric coating may also be applied as a two-component composition where the filmforming resins and the reactive curing agent and / or crosslinker are mixed just before application of the coating composition and may optionally cure under ambient conditions without any external energy source.

[0139] Alternatively, the dielectric coating composition may comprise a powder coating composition. “Powder coating composition” as used herein refers to any dielectric coating composition in the form of a co-reactable solid in particulate form which may be substantially free, essentially free, or completely free of water and / or solvent. Suitable filmforming resins useful in dielectric powder coating compositions include those discussed in PCT Publ. No. WO 2021 / 173941A1, pars.

[0006] to

[0042] ,

[0057] to

[0068] ,

[0088] to

[0105] and

[0128] to

[0139] , incorporated herein by reference. Non-limiting examples of suitable powder compositions that may be used in the present disclosure include the polyester-based ENVIROCRON line of powder coating compositions (commercially available from PPG Industries, Inc.), silicon modified polyester compositions, epoxy-polyester hybrid compositions, and / or UV-curable powder compositions.

[0140] The dielectric coating composition may be applied to a substrate by any suitable method known in the art, including but not limited to electrodeposition, coil coating, spraying, such as electrostatic spraying, flow coating, spin coating, curtain coating, brushing, dipping, hot- melt extrusion, application of a self-supporting film, and / or using a fluidized bed. Once applied to the substrate, the dielectric coating composition may be cured by any method known in the art, such as baking, induction heating, infrared heating, and / or exposure to actinic radiation such as UV.

[0141] The dielectric coating formed from the dielectric coating compositions disclosed herein may comprise a dielectric strength of at least 10 kV / mm, such as at least 12 kV / mm, such as at least 15 kV / mm. The dielectric coating may comprise a dielectric strength of no more than 120 kV / mm, such as no more than 100 kV / mm. The dielectric coating may comprise a dielectric strength of 10 kV / mm to 120 kV / mm, such as 12 kV / mm to 100 kV / mm, such as 15 kV / mm to 100 kV / mm. Dielectric strength may be measured using a Sefelec Dielectric Strength Tester (RMG12AC-DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax Limit 0.1 mA, 19 sec ramp, 20 sec dwell, 2 sec fall) according to ASTM D 149-09.Substrates

[0142] Compositions described herein may be coated or deposited on, or otherwise contacted with, any substrate, such as, but not limited to, metals or metal alloys, polymeric materials, such as plastics including filled and unfilled thermoplastic or thermoset materials, and / or composite materials. Other suitable substrates include, but are not limited to, glass or natural materials such as wood. Substrates may include two or more of any different materials in any combination, such as, but not limited to, two different metals, or a metal and a metal alloy, or a metal and a metal alloy and one or more composite materials.

[0143] Suitable substrates may include, but are not limited to, both flexible and rigid metal substrates such as ferrous metals, aluminum, aluminum alloys, magnesium, titanium, copper, and other metal and alloy substrates. The ferrous metal substrates may include, forexample, iron, steel, and alloys thereof. Non-limiting examples of useful steel materials include cold rolled steel, nickel plated cold rolled steel, galvanized (zinc coated) steel, clcctrogalvanizcd steel, stainless steel, pickled steel, zinc-iron alloy such as GALV ANNEAL, and combinations thereof. Aluminum alloys, such as those, for example, of the 1XXX, 2XXX, 3XXX, 4XXX, 5XXX, 6XXX, 7XXX, or 8XXX series as well as clad aluminum alloys and cast aluminum alloys, such as those, for example, of the A356, 1XX.X, 2XX.X, 3XX.X, 4XX.X, 5XX.X, 6XX.X, 7XX.X, or 8XX.X series also may be used as the substrate. The substrate also may comprise, for example, magnesium, such as magnesium alloys of the AZ31B, AZ91C, AM60B, or EV31A series, titanium and / or titanium alloys, such as those of grades 1-36 including H grade variants, copper and copper alloys, or other non-ferrous metals, as well as alloys of these materials. The substrate may comprise a composite material such as a plastic, fiberglass and / or carbon fiber composite.

[0144] It will also be understood that the substrate may comprise a bare substrate or the substrate may be pretreated or pre-coated, at least in part, with one or more layers. Suitable pretreatment solutions may include but are not limited to a zinc phosphate pretreatment solution such as, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,793,867 and 5,588,989, or a zirconium containing pretreatment solution such as, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,749,368 and 8,673,091, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0145] The substrate may be in any form, such as, without limitation, a sheet, a foil, a laminate foil, a pad, a fabricated part, a component, or an article. Compositions comprising the materials disclosed herein may be used to coat a substrate, such as by depositing, applying, or contacting the compositions to a substrate surface. The compositions, in an at least partially cured state, may be used in any form, such as but not limited to, a coating, a sealant, an adhesive, a pottant, or an encapsulant, such as a solid or gel, such as a pad formed in-situ or a discrete premanufactured or pre-formed pad.

[0146] In examples, the substrate may be a multi-metal article. As used herein, the term “multi-metal article” refers to (1) an article that has at least one surface comprised of a first metal and at least one surface comprised of a second metal that is different from the first metal, (2) a first article that has at least one surface comprised of a first metal and a second article that has at least one surface comprised of a second metal that is different from the first metal, or (3) both (1) and (2).

[0147] The compositions disclosed herein are not limited and may be particularly suitable for use in various industrial or transportation applications including automotive applications, commercial applications, rail locomotive, marine applications, and / or aerospace applications. Suitable substrates for use in the present disclosure include those that are used in the assembly of vehicular bodies (for example, without limitation, door, body panel, trunk deck lid, roof panel, hood, roof, and / or stringers, rivets, landing gear components, and / or skins used on an aircraft), vehicular frames, vehicular parts, motorcycles, wheels, and industrial structures and components. As used herein, “vehicle” or variations thereof includes, but is not limited to, civilian vehicles, light and heavy commercial vehicles, civilian and military aircraft, and / or land vehicles such as cars, motorcycles, and / or trucks. Other suitable substrates include armor assemblies such as those on a tank, or protective clothing such as body armor, personal armor, suits of armor, and the like.

[0148] FIGS. 1 to 9 illustrate non-limiting examples of battery assembly components and constructions as well as non-limiting applications or use of compositions as disclosed herein in said battery assemblies. Although FIGS. 1 to 9 illustrate specific examples of cell shapes and cell arrangements, cells may be arranged in any configuration known to those skilled in the art. Additionally, the compositions disclosed herein, in an at least partially cured state, may be used to form pads, adhesives, coatings, pottants and the like, to provide thermal protection between battery cells, within battery modules and / or within battery packs. These materials may be used on any surface or in any space within such battery assemblies. For example, compositions disclosed herein also may be useful in battery assemblies including, but not limited to, cell to module (FIGS. 3, 4, 6B), module to pack (FIGS. 6C, 7), cell to pack (FIG. 8), and cell to chassis battery assemblies (FIG. 9). Such battery assemblies may be used in, but not limited to, any aforementioned application.

[0149] Battery assemblies may be any combination of one or more battery cells, the interconnects which provide electrical conductivity between them, as well as ancillary components such as, in non-limiting examples, control electronics and components that ensure the necessary structural mechanical and environmental requirements for the operation of a specific battery (for example, without limitation, cell interconnectors such as wires, battery pack enclosures including trays and lids, module enclosures, module frames and frame plates, module racking, cooling and heating components including cooling plates, cooling fins, and coolingtubes, electrical busbars, battery management systems, battery thermal management systems, chargers, inverters and converters).

[0150] Battery cells 10 are generally single unit energy storage containers that may be connected in series or in parallel. Battery cells may be any suitable size or shape known to those skilled in the ait, such as but not limited to, cylindrical (FIGS. 1, 4 and 9), prismatic (FIGS. 2, 5- 8) and / or pouch (FIG. 3). Battery cells 10 are enclosed to provide desired mechanical protection and environmental isolation of the cell. For example, cylindrical and prismatic cells may be encased in metal cans, cases, and lids, while pouch cells may be enclosed in multilayer laminate foils. Battery terminals 1 connect the electrodes inside the battery cell to the electrical circuit outside the battery cell, with one being a positive terminal and the other being a negative terminal. As illustrated in FIG. 4, battery cells 10 may be connected by interconnector wires 5 with other battery cells 10 in series or in parallel to enable an electric current to flow between cells 10.

[0151] As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, battery cells 10 may be arranged in modules 100 comprising multiple cells 10 connected in series or in parallel. The modules 100 may include an at least partial enclosure of the arranged cells 10. Ancillary components, such as those aforementioned, may be included. Spaces of any dimensions may be located between the plurality of cells, ancillary components, base, and / or any interior surface of the module wall or other enclosure 120.

[0152] FIG. 1 illustrates a top-down view of cylindrical battery cells 10 having terminals 1. As shown, the cells are arranged in rows with either cooling tubes 3 or dielectric insulation paper (e-paper) 4 between them. As shown, materials, such as adhesive 6 and / or pottants 7 optionally formed from the compositions disclosed herein in an at least partially cured state, may be positioned between the cells 10, cooling tubes 3 and / or e-paper 4.

[0153] FIG. 2 illustrates an exploded isometric view of an array of prismatic battery cells 10. As shown, each prismatic cell 10 may comprise a top 11, a bottom, and walls 13 positioned between the top and bottom and each having a surface. As shown, materials, such as pads 8 formed from the compositions disclosed herein in an at least partially cured state, may be positioned between surfaces of cell walls 13 of adjacent cells 10.

[0154] FIG. 3 illustrates a cut-out front view of an array of pouch battery cells 10 in a module 100. The module walls 120 at least partially encase the cells 10. As shown, materials,such as pads 8 formed from the compositions disclosed herein in an at least partially cured state, may be positioned between surfaces of cells 10.

[0155] FIG. 4 illustrates an isometric view of cylindrical cells 10 in a battery module 100. Each cell may comprise a top 11, a bottom 12, and walls 13 positioned between the top and bottom and each having a surface. The top 11 and the bottom 12 may be oppositely charged terminals with one being a positive terminal 1 and the other being a negative terminal (not shown). The battery cells may be connected at their terminals by interconnectors such as wires 5 and the like to enable an electric current to flow between the electric cells. The module 100 or module walls 120 may form a space having a volume. The cells 10 may be positioned within the space to consume a portion of the volume. The material, such as a pottant 7 formed from the compositions disclosed herein, may be positioned within the space to consume at least a portion of the volume such that the material is adjacent to a surface of a cell wall 13 and / or an interior surface of at least one of the walls 120 of the module 100.

[0156] FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded perspective view of a battery module 100 comprised of one or more arrays of battery cells 10, a cooling fin 230, and a cooling plate 240. Materials, such as pads 8 formed from the compositions disclosed herein in an at least partially cured state, may be positioned between cells 10. Additional pads 8 may be positioned between the cells 10, the cooling fin 230, the cooling plate 240, and / or an interior surface of walls 120. Other pads 8 may be positioned adjacent to an exterior surface of the walls 120.

[0157] FIG. 6 illustrates an isometric view of a battery cell 10 (FIG. 6A) to battery module 100 (FIG. 6B) to battery pack 200 (FIG. 6C) battery assembly. The battery module 100 comprises a plurality of battery cells 10 and the battery pack 200 comprises a plurality of battery modules 100.

[0158] FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of a battery pack 200 cutout. The battery pack includes a plurality of battery modules 100 and cells 10 within each module 100. The base of the battery pack 200 comprises a cooling plate 240. Materials, such as adhesives, 9 formed from the compositions disclosed herein in an at least partially cured state, may be positioned between the cooling plate 240 and interior surface of a wall of the battery pack 200. Materials, such as pads 8 formed from the compositions disclosed herein in an at least partially cured state, may be positioned between cells 10 within modules 100.

[0159] FIG. 8 illustrates an isometric view of a cell 10 to pack battery 200 assembly. Cells 10 are arranged within the pack 200 (without being in separate modules).

[0160] In other cases, the battery cells may be arranged on or within an article such as, but not limited to, a cell to chassis battery assembly, as illustrated in FIG. 9, wherein one or more cells is used to construct the battery assembly without prior assembly of the cells into modules and / or packs. FIG. 9 illustrates an isometric cut-out view of a cell to chassis battery assembly 300. Cells 10 are arranged on a base comprising the undercarriage 55 and supported by the vehicle frame 45 and under the vehicle interior floor 35.

[0161] Any battery assembly may further comprise a thermal management system comprising air or fluid circuits which may be liquid based (for example glycol solutions) or direct refrigerant based.Uses of the Compositions and Coatings

[0162] The compositions disclosed herein may be used to form coatings having at least one of the following properties:(a) at -35°C, a lap shear strength of at least 3 MPa, a tensile strength at break of at least 10 MPa, a tensile elongation at break of at least 10%, and / or a Young’s Modulus of 100 MPa to 1,000 MPa;(b) at ambient conditions, a lap shear strength of at least 0.5 MPa, a tensile strength at break of at least 4 MPa, a tensile elongation at break of at least 10%, and / or a Young’s Modulus of 6 MPa to 700 MPa; and / or(c) at 60 °C, a lap shear strength of at least 0.5 MPa, a tensile strength at break of at least 4 MPa, a tensile elongation at break of at least 10%, and / or a Young’s Modulus of 6 MPa to 500 MPa.

[0163] Additionally, the compositions disclosed herein comprising thermally expandable material may be used to form a coating wherein:(a) at ambient conditions, the coating has a reduction in lap shear strength of at least 12% post-expansion;(b) the coating has a pre-expansion thermal conductivity of at least 0.5 W / m-K at 25°C measured according to ASTM D7984-21 using a modified transient plane source instrument, such as at least 2 W / m.K;(c) the coating has a decrease in thermal conductivity post-expansion relative to prc-cxpansion thermal conductivity of at least 10%, such as at least 25%; a(d) following exposure to at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expandable material, the thermally expandable material has an expansion volume ratio of greater than 1 when measured at by SEM, such as at least 2; and / or(e) the coating has a post-expansion volume ratio of greater than 1, such as at least 2, wherein volumes are measured using a caliper and the coating is cohesive / non-crumbling .Definitions

[0164] For purposes of this detailed description, it is to be understood that the disclosure may assume alternative variations and step sequences, except where expressly specified to the contrary.

[0165] The numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard variation found in their respective testing measurements.

[0166] Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of “1 to 10” is intended to include all sub-ranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1 and the recited maximum value of 10, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value of equal to or less than 10.

[0167] As used herein, “including,” “containing” and like terms are understood in the context of this application to be synonymous with “comprising” and are therefore open-ended and do not exclude the presence of additional undescribed or unrecited elements, materials, ingredients or method steps. As used herein, “consisting of’ is understood in the context of this application to exclude the presence of any unspecified element, ingredient or method step. As used herein, “consisting essentially of’ is understood in the context of this application to include the specified elements, materials, ingredients or method steps “and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s)” of what is being described. As used herein, open- ended terms include closed terms such as consisting essentially of and consisting of.

[0168] In addition, in this application, the use of “or” means “and / or” unless specifically stated otherwise, even though “and / or” may be explicitly used in certain instances.

[0169] As used herein, the terms “on,” “onto,” “applied on,” “applied onto,” “formed on,” “deposited on,” “deposited onto,” and the like mean formed, overlaid, deposited, or provided on, but not necessarily in contact with, a substrate surface. For example, a composition “applied onto” a substrate surface does not preclude the presence of one or more other intervening coating layers or films of the same or different composition located between the composition and the substrate surface.

[0170] As used herein, a “composition” or a “coating composition” refers to a solution, mixture, or a dispersion that is capable of producing a coating on a substrate surface. “Coating” as used herein includes films, layers and the like.

[0171] As used herein, a “sealant composition” refers to a coating composition that forms a sealant in its cured state.

[0172] As used herein, a “sealant” refers to a coating that has a tensile strength of at least 0.05 MPa measured according to ISO-37 TYPE 2 using an Instron 4443 machine in tensile mode with a pull rate of 10 mm per minute.

[0173] As used herein, a “gap filler composition” refers to a coating composition that forms a gap filler in its cured state.

[0174] As used herein, a “gap filler” refers to a coating that fills a gap and that has a butt joint strength of at least 0.001 N / mnr measured according to ASTM D2095.

[0175] As used herein, an “adhesive composition” refers to a coating composition that forms an adhesive in its cured state.

[0176] As used herein, an “adhesive” refers to a coating that produces a load-bearing joint, such as a load-bearing joint having a lap shear strength of at least 0.05 MPa, as determined according to ASTM DI 002- 10 using an Instron 5567 machine in tensile mode with a pull rate of 1 mm per minute.

[0177] As used herein, a “structural adhesive” refers to a cured coating that produces a load-bearing joint having a lap shear strength of at least 5 MPa measured according to ASTM D1002-10 using an Instron 5567 machine in tensile mode with a pull rate of 1.3 mm per minute.

[0178] As used herein, a “pottant composition” refers to a curable composition that, when cured, forms a pottant.

[0179] As used herein, a “pottant” refers to an encapsulant.

[0180] As used herein, a “pre-preg” refers to a composition pre-impregnating reinforcement fibers prior to cure.

[0181] As used herein, a “liquid shim composition” refers to a curable composition that, when cured, forms a liquid shim.

[0182] As used herein, a “liquid shim” refers to a coating that eliminates gaps between substrate surfaces.

[0183] As further defined herein, ambient conditions generally refer to room temperature (e.g. 23°C) and humidity conditions or temperature and humidity conditions that are typically found in the area in which the composition is applied to a substrate, e.g., at 10°C to 40°C and 5% to 80% relative humidity, while slightly thermal conditions are temperatures that are slightly above ambient temperature, but are generally below the curing temperature for the composition (i.e., in other words, at temperatures and humidity conditions below which the reactive components will readily react and cure, e.g., > 40°C and less than 220°C at 20% to 80% relative humidity).

[0184] As used herein, the term “two-component” or “2K” refers to a composition in which the reactive components readily associate to form an interaction or react to form a bond (physically or chemically), i.e., cure, without activation from an external energy source, such as at ambient or slightly thermal conditions, when mixed. One of skill in the art understands that the two components of the composition are stored separately from each other and mixed just prior to application of the composition. Two-component compositions may optionally be heated or baked, as described below.

[0185] As used herein, “reactive components” refer to components of the composition containing isocyanate or active hydrogen functional groups, including di-functional isocyanate- containing prepolymer, the first and second difunctional polyols, monofunctional isocyanate- containing molecules, polyfunctional isocyanate-containing molecules, monofunctional alcohols, polyfunctional polyols, additives with hydrogen functional groups such as amine, thiol or hydroxy teiminated functionalities and aromatic amine.

[0186] As used herein, the term “cure,” “curing,” and similar terms, means that the reactive components that form the composition are crosslinked (i.e., interact and / or react) to form a coating or a bond. In the case of a 2K composition, the composition begins to cure when the components of the composition are mixed, resulting in the reaction of the reactive functionalgroups of the components of the composition and / or the physical interaction of the components of the composition.

[0187] The term “curable,” as used in connection with a coating composition, means that the composition can be cured under ambient and / or slightly thermal conditions.

[0188] As used herein, “dielectric” refers to a coating or composition having a dielectric strength of at least 50 kV / mm measured using a Sefelec Dielectric Strength Tester (RMG12AC- DC; voltage limit 12.0 kV DC, Imax Limit 0.1 mA, 19 sec ramp, 20 sec dwell, 2 sec fall) according to ASTM D 149-09.

[0189] As used herein, “Mn” refers to the number average molecular weight, for example the theoretical value as determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography using Waters 2695 separation module with a Waters 410 differential refractometer, polystyrene standards, using tetrahydrofuran as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 mL min"1and two PL Gel Mixed C columns for separation.

[0190] As used herein, “isocyanate equivalent weight” refers to the total weight of isocyanate-containing components divided by the molar equivalents of isocyanate functionality. The value may be determined from the isocyanate content as measured in accordance with ASTM D2572.

[0191] As used herein, “active hydrogen” refers to a hydrogen that can be displaced when a nitrogen-containing functional group, an oxygen-containing functional group, and / or a sulfur-containing functional group reacts as a nucleophile with an appropriate electrophile and can be determined, for example, by the Zerewitinoff test. Examples of functional groups including an active hydrogen include amines, hydroxyls, and thiols.

[0192] As used herein, “active hydrogen equivalent weight” refers to the total weight of active hydrogen-containing components divided by the molar equivalents of active hydrogen functionality. For clarity, it is assumed herein that a primary amine has one active hydrogen with respect to reaction with an isocyanate. The active hydrogen equivalent weight may be determined from the amine equivalent weight and the hydroxyl equivalent weight.

[0193] “Amine equivalent weight” refers to the total weight of amine-containing components divided by the molar equivalents of amine functionality, which can be determined in accordance with ASTM D6979-03.

[0194] “Hydroxyl equivalent weight” refers to the total weight of hydroxyl-containing component divided by the molar equivalents of hydroxyl functionality, which may be determined, for example, in accordance with ASTM D4247-23.

[0195] As used herein, “aromatic,” when referring to a compound, means that the compound comprises at least one aromatic ring.

[0196] As used herein, the term “monofunctional,” when used with respect to a particular functional group, refers to a molecule containing only one such functional group.

[0197] As used herein, the term “difunctional,” when used with respect to a particular functional group, refers to a molecule containing two such functional groups.

[0198] As used herein, the term “polyfunctional,” when used with respect to a particular functional group, refers to a molecule containing more than two functional groups.

[0199] As used herein, “polymer” refers to oligomers, homopolymers, and copolymers.

[0200] As used herein, “small molecule” refers to a molecule that comprises discrete chemical structures, has a molecular’ weight of less than 400 g / mol and that is not a polymer (i.e., is not composed of repeating units). The molecular weight of a small molecule may be determined by mass spectrometry. Appropriate mass spectrometry methods for various types of small molecules are available in many references, such as Mass Spectrometry: A Textbook (3rdEdition, 2018, edited by Jurgen Gross).

[0201] As used herein, the term “thermally conductive filler” or “TC” filler means a pigment, filler, or inorganic powder that has a thermal conductivity of at least 5 W / m-K at 25 "C measured according to ASTM D7984-21.

[0202] As used herein, the term “non-thermally conductive filler” or “NTC filler” means a pigment, filler, or inorganic powder that has a thermal conductivity of less than 5 W / m-K at 25 °C measured according to ASTM D7984-21.

[0203] As used herein, the term “electrically insulative filler” or “El filler” means a pigment, filler, or inorganic powder that has a volume resistivity of at least 1 Q m measured according to ASTM D257-19.

[0204] As used herein, the term “electrically conductive filler” or “EC filler” means a pigment, filler, or inorganic powder that has a volume resistivity of less than 1 Q-m measured according to ASTM D257-19.

[0205] As used herein, the term “solvent” refers to a molecule or a compound that is used to lower the viscosity of a resin, volatilizes under ambient conditions, and does not have a reactive functional group capable of reacting with molecules or compounds in the composition.

[0206] As used herein, the term “reactive diluent” refers to a molecule or a compound that is used to lower the viscosity of a resin but that has at least one functional group capable of reacting with molecules or compounds in a composition.

[0207] As used herein, the term “system” refers to a plurality of compositions for application to a substrate surface that results in a plurality of layers formed on the substrate surface. The system may be part of a production line (such as a factory production line) that produces a finished substrate or that produces a treated substrate suitable for use in additional production lines. Unless indicated to the contrary, reference to a “first composition,” a “second composition,” etc., when used with respect to a “system” is not intended to imply a specific order of treatment but rather is for ease of reference only.

[0208] As used herein, unless indicated otherwise, the term “substantially free” means that a particular material is not purposefully added to a mixture or composition, respectively, and is only present as an impurity in a trace amount of less than 0.05% by weight based on a total weight of the mixture or composition, respectively. As used herein, unless indicated otherwise, the term “essentially free” means that a particular material is only present in an amount of less than 0.01% by weight based on a total weight of the mixture or composition, respectively. As used herein, unless indicated otherwise, the term “completely free” means that a mixture or composition, respectively, does not comprise a particular material, i.e., the mixture or composition comprises 0% by weight of such material.

[0209] In view of the foregoing description the present disclosure thus relates in particular to the following Aspects I to 101 without being limited thereto.Aspects

[0210] 1. A composition comprising: a first component comprising an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer; a second component comprising a polyol having a number average molecular weight (Mn) greater than 1000 g / mol; an aromatic diamine; anda filler in an amount of greater than 50 percent by weight to 93 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition; wherein the number average molecular weight is measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min’1, and two separation columns.

[0211] 2. The composition of aspect 1, wherein the isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer comprises a diisocyanate functional polyurethane prepolymer.

[0212] 3. The composition of aspect 2, wherein the diisocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer comprises a reaction product of reactants comprising a diisocyanate and a difunctional polyol.

[0213] 4. The composition of aspect 2 or aspect 3, comprising the diisocyanate functional polyurethane prepolymer in an amount of at least 50 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds, such as at least 70 percent by weight.

[0214] 5. The composition of any of aspects 2 to 4, comprising the diisocyanate functional polyurethane prepolymer in an amount of at least 85 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds, such as 100 percent by weight.

[0215] 6. The composition of any of aspects 2 to 5, comprising the diisocyanate functional polyurethane prepolymer in an amount of no more than 98 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds.

[0216] 7. The composition of any of aspects 2 to 6, comprising the diisocyanate functional polyurethane prepolymer in an amount of 50 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds, such as 70 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight.

[0217] 8. The composition of any of aspects 2 to 7, comprising the diisocyanate functional polyurethane prepolymer in an amount of 85 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds, such as 85 percent by weight to 98 percent by weight.

[0218] 9. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, further comprising a second isocyanate-containing compound, such as (i) a monofunctional isocyanate-containingmonomer, small molecule, polymer, and / or prepolymer, and / or (ii) a polyfunctional monofunctional isocyanate-containing monomer, small molecule, polymer, and / or prepolymer.

[0219] 10. The composition of aspect 9, comprising the second isocyanate-containing compound in an amount of no more than 50 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds, such as no more than 30 percent by weight.

[0220] 11. The composition of aspect 9 or aspect 10, comprising the second isocyanate-containing compound in an amount of no more than 15 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds, such as no more than 2 percent by weight.

[0221] 12. The composition of any of aspects 9 to 11, comprising the second isocyanate-containing compound in an amount of 2 percent by weight to 50 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds, such as 2 percent by weight to 30 percent by weight.

[0222] 13. The composition of any of aspects 9 to 12, comprising the second isocyanate-containing compound in an amount of 2 percent by weight to 15 percent by weight based on total weight of isocyanate-containing compounds.

[0223] 14. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the composition is substantially free, or essentially free, or completely free, of a monofunctional isocyanate- containing compound and / or a polyfunctional isocyanate-containing compound.

[0224] 15. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer has a Mn of at least 500 g / mol, such as at least 750 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min1, and two separation columns.

[0225] 16. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer has a Mn of no more than 5,000 g / mol, such as no more than 2,500 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min1, and two separation columns.

[0226] 17. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer has a Mn of 500 g / mol to 3,000 g / mol, such as 750 g / mol to 2,500 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with adifferential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min"1, and two separation columns.

[0227] 18. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer has an isocyanate equivalent weight of at least 250 g / eq, such as at least 300 g / eq.

[0228] 19. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer has an isocyanate equivalent weight of no more than 2,500 g / eq, such as no more than 1,250 g / eq.

[0229] 20. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer has an isocyanate equivalent weight of 250 g / eq to 2,500 g / eq, such as 300 g / eq to 1 ,250 g / eq.

[0230] 21. The composition of any of aspects 3 to 20, wherein the reactant comprising the polyol has a Mn of at least 60 g / mol, such as at least 90 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min"1, and two separation columns.

[0231] 22. The composition of any of aspects 3 to 21, wherein the reactant comprising the polyol has a Mn of no more than 5,000 g / mol, such as no more than 2,000 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min"1, and two separation columns.

[0232] 23. The composition of any of aspects 3 to 22, wherein the reactant comprising the polyol has a Mn of 60 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol, such as 90 g / mol to 2,000 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min"1, and two separation columns.

[0233] 24. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer in an amount of at least 2 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 5 percent by weight.

[0234] 25. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer in an amount of no more than 44 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 20 percent by weight.

[0235] 26. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer in an amount of 2 percent by weight to 44 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 5 percent by weight to 20 percent by weight.

[0236] 27. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer has a viscosity of at least 0.1 Pa*s at 25°C, such as at least 10 Pa*s, measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s’1.

[0237] 28. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer has a viscosity of no more than 100 Pa*s at 25°C, such as no more than 50 Pa*s, measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s’1.

[0238] 29. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the isocyanate- functional polyurethane prepolymer has a viscosity of 0.1 Pa*s to 100 Pa*s at 25°C, such as 10 Pa*s to 50 Pa*s, measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s’1.

[0239] 30. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the polyol of the second component has a Mn of at least 2,000 g / mol measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min1, and two separation columns.

[0240] 31. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the polyol of the second component has a Mn of no more than 8,000 g / mol measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min’1, and two separation columns.

[0241] 32. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the polyol of the second component has a Mn of greater than 1,000 g / mol to 8,000 g / mol, such as 2,000 g / mol to 4,000 g / mol measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with adifferential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min"1, and two separation columns.

[0242] 33. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the polyol of the second component comprises a difunctional polyol and / or a polyfunctional polyol.

[0243] 34. The composition of aspect 33, comprising the difunctional polyol and / or the polyfunctional polyol in an amount of at least 60 percent by weight based on total weight of hydroxy-containing compounds in the second component, such as at least 70 percent by weight.

[0244] 35. The composition of aspect 33 or aspect 34, comprising the difunctional polyol and / or the polyfunctional polyol in an amount of 100 percent by weight, or at least 99 percent by weight, based on total weight of the hydroxy-containing compounds in the second component.

[0245] 36. The composition of any of aspects 33 to 35, comprising the difunctional polyol and / or the polyfunctional polyol in an amount of 60 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight based on total weight of the hydroxy-containing compounds in the second component, such as 50 percent by weight to 100 percent by weight.

[0246] 37. The composition of any of aspects 33 to 36, comprising the difunctional polyol and / or the polyfunctional polyol in an amount of 60 percent by weight to 99 percent by weight based on total weight of the hydroxy-containing compounds in the second component, such as 70 percent by weight to 99 percent by weight.

[0247] 38. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, further comprising a second polyol comprising a monofunctional alcohol, a difunctional polyol, and / or a polyfunctional polyol in addition to the polyol having an Mn greater than 1,000 g / mol.

[0248] 39. The composition of aspect 38, comprising the second polyol in an amount of no more than 40 percent by weight based on total weight of the hydroxy-containing compounds in the second component, such as no more than 30 percent by weight.

[0249] 40. The composition of aspect 38 or aspect 39, comprising the second polyol in an amount of no more than 5 percent by weight based on total weight of the hydroxycontaining compounds in the second component, such as no more than 1 percent by weight.

[0250] 41. The composition of any of aspects 38 to 40, comprising the second polyol in an amount of 1 percent by weight to 40 percent by weight based on total weight of thehydroxy-containing compounds in the second component, such as 1 percent by weight to 30 percent by weight.

[0251] 42. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the polyol having an Mn of 1 ,000 g / mol and the second polyol in a total amount of at least 2 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 5 percent by weight.

[0252] 43. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the polyol having an Mn of 1 ,000 g / mol and the second polyol in a total amount of no more than 27 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 20 percent by weight.

[0253] 44. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the polyol having an Mn of 1,000 g / mol and the second polyol in a total amount of 2 percent by weight to 27 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 5 percent by weight to 20 percent by weight.

[0254] 45. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the aromatic amine comprises a sterically hindered aromatic amine and / or a liquid amine.

[0255] 46. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the aromatic amine comprises a molecular weight of at least 100 g / mol, such as at least 125 g / mol, measured by mass spectrometry.

[0256] 47. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the aromatic amine comprises a molecular weight of no more than 750 g / mol, such as no more than 500 g / mol, measured by mass spectrometry.

[0257] 48. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the aromatic amine comprises a molecular weight of 100 g / mol to 750 g / mol, such as 125 g / mol to 500 g / mol, measured by mass spectrometry.

[0258] 49. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the aromatic diamine in an amount of at least 0.2 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 0.5 percent by weight.

[0259] 50. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the aromatic diamine in an amount of no more than 6 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 3 percent by weight.

[0260] 51. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the aromatic diamine in an amount of 0.2 percent by weight to 6 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 0.5 percent by weight to 3 percent by weight.

[0261] 52. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the filler comprises (i) a thermally conductive, electrically insulative filler, (ii) a thermally conductive, electrically conductive filler, and / or (iii) a non-thermally conductive, electrically insulative filler.

[0262] 53. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the filler in an amount of greater than 50 percent by weight to 93 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 60 percent by weight to 93 percent by weight.

[0263] 54. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising the filler in an amount of at least 60 percent by weight to 85 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition.

[0264] 55. The composition of aspect 53 or aspect 54, comprising the thermally conductive filler in an amount of 100 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as no more than 90 percent by volume.

[0265] 56. The composition of any of aspects 53 to 55, comprising the thermally conductive filler in an amount of no more than 80 percent by volume based on total volume of filler.

[0266] 57. The composition of any of aspects 53 to 56, comprising the thermally conductive filler material in an amount of at least 20 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as at least 50 percent by volume.

[0267] 58. The composition of any of aspects 53 to 57, comprising the thermally conductive filler material in an amount of 20 percent to 90 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as 50 percent by volume to 80 percent by volume.

[0268] 59. The composition of any of aspects 53 to 58, comprising the non-thermally conductive filler in an amount of at least 10 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as at least 20 percent by volume.

[0269] 60. The composition of any of aspects 53 to 59, comprising the non-thermally conductive filler in an amount of no more than 80 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as no more than 50.

[0270] 61. The composition of any of aspects 53 to 60, comprising the non-thermally conductive filler in an amount of 10 percent by volume to 80 percent by volume based on total volume of filler, such as 20 percent by volume to 50 percent by volume.

[0271] 62. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, further comprising a thermally expandable material, such as an inorganic salt, thermally expandable graphite, and / or a thermally expandable capsule, such as a thermally expandable capsule comprising a thermoplastic resin and / or a volatile material.

[0272] 63. The composition of aspect 62, wherein the thermally expandable material has an expansion temperature of at least 60°C, such as at least 90°C.

[0273] 64. The composition of aspect 62 or aspect 63, wherein the thermally expandable material has an expansion temperature of no more than 250°C, such as 60°C to 250°C.

[0274] 65. The composition of any of aspects 62 to 64, comprising the thermally expandable material in an amount of at least 0.5 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 1 percent by weight.

[0275] 66. The composition of any of aspects 62 to 65, comprising the thermally expandable material in an amount of no more than 20 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 10 percent by weight.

[0276] 67. The composition of any of aspects 62 to 66, comprising the thermally expandable material in an amount of 0.5 percent by weight to 20 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 1 percent by weight to 10 percent by weight.

[0277] 68. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, further comprising a moisture scavenger, a plasticizer, and / or an additive.

[0278] 69. The composition of aspect 68, comprising the plasticizer in an amount of at least 0.1 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as at least 1 percent by weight.

[0279] 70. The composition of aspect 68 or aspect 69, comprising the plasticizer in an amount of no more than 20 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as no more than 10 percent by weight.

[0280] 71. The composition of any of aspects 68 to 70, comprising the plasticizer in an amount of 0.1 percent by weight to 20 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition, such as 1 percent by weight to 10 percent by weight.

[0281] 72. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising a ratio of isocyanate equivalents to active hydrogen equivalents of at least 0.75:1, such as at least 1:1.

[0282] 73. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising a ratio of isocyanate equivalents to active hydrogen equivalents of no more than 1.7:1, such as no more than 1.4:1.

[0283] 74. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, comprising a ratio of isocyanate equivalents to active hydrogen equivalents of 0.75:1 to 1.7:1, such as 1:1 to 1.4:1.

[0284] 75. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first component and / or the second component comprises a viscosity at 25 °C of at least 0.1 Pa*S, such as at least 10 Pa*s measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s’1.

[0285] 76. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first component and / or the second component comprises a viscosity at 25°C of no more than 3,000 Pa*s, such as no more than 50 Pa*s measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s’1.

[0286] 77. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first component and / or the second component comprises a viscosity at 25 °C of 0.1 Pa*s to 3,000 Pa*s, such as 10 Pa*s to 1,000 Pa*s measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear’ rate of 1 s’1.

[0287] 78. The composition of any of the preceding aspects, formulated as a coating composition such as an adhesive composition, such as a structural adhesive composition, a pottant composition, a foam, a pre-preg, a liquid shim composition, a sealant composition, or a gap filler composition.

[0288] 79. The composition of any of aspects 62 to 78, wherein the thermally expandable material has an expansion volume ratio of at least 5, such as at least 25.

[0289] 80. The composition of any of aspects 62 to79, wherein the thermally expandable material has an expansion volume ratio of no more than 250.

[0290] 81. The composition of any of aspects 62 to 80, wherein the thermally expandable material has an expansion volume ratio of 5 to 250, such as 25 to 250.

[0291] 82. A substrate comprising a coating formed from the composition of any of the preceding claims on a surface thereof.

[0292] 83. The substrate of aspect 82, further comprising a dielectric coating on the surface.

[0293] 84. A battery comprising the substrate of aspect 82 or aspect 83.

[0294] 85. A use of the composition of any of aspects 1 to 81 for forming a coating having, at -35°C, a lap shear strength of at least 3 MPa.

[0295] 86. The use of aspect 85, wherein the use forms a coating having, at -35°C, a tensile strength at break of at least 10 MPa.

[0296] 87. The use of aspect 85 or aspect 86, wherein the use forms a coating having, at -35°C, a tensile elongation at break of at least 10%.

[0297] 88. The use of any of aspects 85 to 87, wherein the use forms a coating having, -35°C, a Young’s Modulus of 100 MPa to 1 ,000 MPa.

[0298] 89. The use of any of aspects 85 to 88, wherein the use forms a coating having, at ambient conditions, a lap shear strength of at least 0.5 MPa.

[0299] 90. The use of any of aspects 85 to 89, wherein the use forms a coating having, at ambient conditions, a tensile strength at break of at least 4 MPa.

[0300] 91. The use of any of aspects 85 to 90, wherein the use forms a coating having, at ambient conditions, a tensile elongation at break of at least 10%.

[0301] 92. The use of any of aspects 85 to 91, wherein the use forms a coating aving, at ambient conditions, a Young’s Modulus of 6 MPa to 700 MPa.

[0302] 93. The use of any of aspects 85 to 92, wherein the use forms a coating having, at 60°C, a lap shear strength of at least 0.5 MPa.

[0303] 94. The use of any of aspects 85 to 93, wherein the use forms a coating having, at 60°C, a tensile strength at break of at least 4 MPa.

[0304] 95. The use of any of aspects 85 to 94, wherein the use forms a coating having, at 60°C, a tensile elongation at break of at least 10%.

[0305] 96. The use of any of aspects 85 to 95, wherein the use forms a coating having, at 60°C, a Young’s Modulus of 6 MPa to 500 MPa.

[0306] 97. The use of any of aspects 85 to 96, wherein the use forms a coating having, at ambient conditions, a reduction in lap shear strength of at least 12% post-expansion relative to pre-expansion lap shear strength.

[0307] 98. The use of any of aspects 85 to 97, wherein the use forms a coating having a pre-expansion thermal conductivity of at least 0.5 W / m-K at 25°C measured according to ASTM D7984-21 using a modified transient plane source instrument, such as at least 2 W / m.K.

[0308] 99. The use of any of aspects 85 to 98, wherein the use foims a coating having a decrease in thermal conductivity post-expansion relative to pre-expansion thermal conductivity of at least 10%, such as at least 25%.

[0309] 100. The use of any of aspects 85 to 99, wherein the use forms a coating wherein, following exposure to at least the expansion temperature of the thermally expandable material, the thermally expandable material has an expansion volume ratio of greater than 1 when measured at by SEM, such as at least 2.

[0310] 101. The use of any of aspects 85 to 100, wherein the use forms a coating having a post-expansion volume ratio of greater than 1, such as at least 2, wherein volumes are measured using a caliper and the coating is cohesive / non-crumbling.

[0311] Illustrating the disclosure are the following examples, which, however, are not to be considered as limiting the disclosure to their details.Examples

[0312] Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages in the following examples are by weight.Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Isocyanate-Functional Polyurethane Prepolymer

[0313] To a round-bottom flask was added a mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-toluenediisocyanate, 107.0 g, 0.410 eq. NCO which was heated to 70°C. In a separate flask, a polytetrahydrofuran- based diol (Mw = 1000 g / mol, 124.2 g, 0.0828 eq. OH) and a polypropylene oxide-based diol (Mw = 1000 g / mol, 57.3 g, 0.0382 eq. OH) were mixed. The mixture of polyols was added over approximately 1 hour, ensuring that the temperature of the mixture did not exceed 90°C. The mixture was held at 70°C for about 1 hour, until the mixture measured an isocyanate equivalent weight of 333 g / eq. 1 ,4-Butanediol (11 .4 g, 0.084 eq. OH) was added to the mixture overapproximately 1 hour, ensuring that the temperature of the mixture did not exceed 90°C. The mixture was held at 70°C for about 1 hour, until the mixture measured an isocyanate equivalent weight of 504 g / eq determined by titration. The titration was performed by dissolving the isocyanate sample in a solution of n-dibutylamine in toluene as the solvent and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes, followed by dilution with isopropanol. The excess n-dibutylamine was back-titrated with HC1 solution.Formulation of Examples 1 to 11

[0314] Unless otherwise noted, all compositions and test samples were prepared according to the following methods: Polyol and additives were combined in a DAC cup and mixed on a Hauschild 600.1 FVZ SpeedMixer at 2200 rpm for one minute. If the polyol was solid at room temperature, it was heated to its melting point until liquid before mixing. The solid additives, if used, were added one at a time and mixed at 2200 rpm for one minute between each addition. A final mix on a Hauschild SMART DAC 1100.3 VAC-P was completed using the following profile: 1. 500 rpm, 3.6 counter rpm for 45 seconds. 2. 1000 rpm, 2.0 counter rpm for 120 seconds. 3. 1000 rpm, 3.6 counter rpm for 75 seconds. 4. 1000 rpm, 8.0 counter rpm for 120 seconds while at 0 bar of pressure to degas. If the Pail A had multiple resins, they were premixed in a SpeedMixer at 2200 rpm for one minute. Viscosity of the first and second components, i.e., Part A and Part B, was measured using ISO 3219:1993 using a MCR-92 parallel plate rheometer instrument from Anton Paar with a spindle diameter of 25 mm. To combine isocyanate and polyol containing mixtures, both parts were combined in one cup and mixed in a SpeedMixer at 2200 rpm for one minute immediately before use.

[0315] Lap shear specimens were prepared according to ASTM D1002-10 using 0.063” 2024 T3 aluminum ordered from BRALCO Metals. The panels were wiped clean of surface oils with methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) before being etched in ChemDeox 395 (PPG) by first wetting the substrate in DI water for one minute, then submerging for one minute in the etching solution heated to 38 °C, and finally rinsing in DI water for one minute.

[0316] Freshly mixed composition was applied to one piece of the lap shear specimen and 30 mil glass spacer beads (MO-SCI Online) were lightly and evenly sprinkled on the surface. The composition and beads were sandwiched with a second piece of substrate in the desired overlap dimensions and held together using small binder clips to form a bonded dimension of 1” x iA”. Excess composition was removed from the joint using a metal spatula. All samples werecured for at least seven days at 25°C and 50% relative humidity. The “pies” from which tensile samples were cut were formed by pouring freshly mixed composition that was leveled in an open PTFE mold with a thickness of / s”. Samples were cured as described above. Once cured, test samples were cut from the pie using an ISO 37-2 die. Lap shear and tensile testing was performed on an INSTRON 68TM-50 machine according to ASTM D1002-10 and ISO 527. Lap shear testing was performed at a rate of 13 mm / min. Thermal conductivity samples were prepared via casting a sample into a mold to obtain a sample with at least 30 mm in diameter and 5 mm in height and allowing the composition to cure as described above. Thermal conductivity was then measured according to ASTM D7984-21 using a modified transient plane source MTPS instrument from C-Therm Technologies Ltd. on samples.

[0317] Examples containing expandable material were placed in an oven at 120°C for 30 minutes to allow the expansion process / swelling to occur. Samples were cooled to ambient temperature before testing mechanical properties at specified temperature.Table 1. Effect of Thermally Conductive Filler Loading on Mechanical and Thermal Properties

[0318] Table 1 shows compositions with an increasing amount of thermally conductive filler (measured by the weight % of the filler in the total composition). These results indicate that compositions with 50% or less filler loading had thermal conductivity 0.49±0.02 W / mK or less. Compositions with no thermally conductive filler (Example 2) demonstrated strength and flexibility but were not thermally conductive. Example 4, which included thermally conductive filler, demonstrated that systems loaded with thermally conductive filler also achieved a lap shear and tensile strength above 1 MPa and high lap shear displacement and tensile elongation at break over a range of temperatures.Table 2. Effect of Isocyanate Equivalent Weight on Mechanical and Thermal Properties

[0319] Table 2 shows compositions which contain different isocyanate prepolymers having different equivalent weight. Examples 1, 5, and 6, which were formulated to havedifferent equivalent weights (544, 880 and 263, respectively), and each demonstrated tensile strength above 1 MPa and tensile elongations above 20% at 25°C. At -35°C, the materials became stiffer and the tensile elongation values dropped as the tensile strength increased.Furthermore, increasing the equivalent weight of the polymer also resulted in samples that were stiffer as shown by the increase in Young’s modulus (Example 5 vs. Example 6) across the temperature ranges tested.Table 3. Effect of Isocyanate on Mechanical and Thermal Properties

[0320] Table 3 shows the effect of utilizing a polymeric isocyanate component instead of an isocyanate prepolymer for the preparation of the thermally conductive adhesive materials. In Example 7, the isocyanate prepolymer was replaced with a polymeric isocyanate. As shown in Examples 7 and 8, replacing the isocyanate prepolymer with polymeric isocyanate resulted in materials that were not usable. In Example 7, using the same molar composition ratios as Example 1, the sample produced a large exotherm instantaneously upon mixing (i.e. , the sample had a short pot life) which prevented the example from forming a sample usable for analysis. Therefore, mechanical and thermal properties of Example 7 could not be evaluated. In Example 8, the weight ratio was kept similar to Example 1, and a sample was formed for evaluation of some mechanical and thermal properties. However, by adjusting on a weight ratio basis instead of an equivalent ratio, the isocyanate equivalent ratio was altered and as a result, the sample formed from Example 8 was more brittle and stiffer than the sample formed from Example 1 and it had lower mechanical and thermal performance as compared to the sample made with isocyanate prepolymer (Example 1). These examples demonstrate that exclusion of the prepolymer and replacement with a polymer resulted in samples that were not usable for testing as a result of the short potlifeE.Table 4. Effect of Aromatic Diamine on Mechanical and Thermal Properties

[0321] Table 4 shows a comparison between Example 1 which contains aromatic diamine and Example 9 which does not contain aromatic diamine. Inclusion of the aromatic diamine (Example 1) improved mechanical properties. Example 9, which did not include an aromatic diamine, had lower lap shear strength (<1 MPa) at 25°C and overall reduced mechanical performance across the temperatures at which testing was performed.Table 5. Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Compositions Including Thermally ExpandableFiller

[0322] Table 5 shows a comparison between Example 1 and Examples 10 and 11 with the inclusion of thermally expandable materials. The results indicate that the addition of thermally expandable material allows for the conversion of the thermally conductive adhesive into an insulative adhesive material as shown by the decrease in thermal conductivity pre- and post-expansion. It was surprising that the addition of thermally expandable material in addition to a high level of filler yielded a reduction of thermal conductivity by more than 95% after the expansion process.

[0323] Whereas specific aspects of the disclosure have been described in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the ait that various modifications and alternatives to those detailscould be developed in light of the overall teachings of the disclosure. Accordingly, the particular arrangements disclosed arc meant to be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the disclosure which is to be given the full breadth of the claims appended and any and all equivalents thereof.

Claims

We claim:

1. A composition comprising: a first component comprising an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer; a second component comprising a polyol having a number average molecular weight (Mn) greater than 1000 g / mol; an aromatic diamine; and a filler in an amount of greater than 50 percent by weight to 93 percent by weight based on total weight of the composition; wherein the number average molecular weight is measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min1, and two separation columns.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein:(a) the polyol comprises a liquid;(b) the isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer comprises an isocyanate equivalent weight of 250 g / eq to 2,500 g / eq;(c) the isocyanate functional polyurethane prepolymer comprises an Mn of 500 g / mol to 5,000 g / mol measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min"1, and two separation columns;(d) the polyol comprises an Mn of greater than 1,000 g / mol to 8,000 g / mol measured by gel permeation chromatography using a separation module with a differential refractometer and polystyrene standards, tetrahydrofuran used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1 ml min"1, and two separation columns; and / or(e) the aromatic diamine comprises a molecular weight of 100 g / mol to 750 g / mol measured by mass spectrometry.

3. The composition of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer comprises a difunctional isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer.

4. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer comprises a reaction product of reactants comprising (i) a diisocyanatc and (ii) a difunctional polyol.

5. The composition of any of the preceding claims, further comprising a second isocyanate- containing compound.

6. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the polyol having an Mn greater than 1000 g / mol comprises a difunctional polyol.

7. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises:(a) the isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer in an amount of 2 percent by weight to 44 percent by weight;(b) the polyol having an Mn greater than 1,000 g / mol in an amount of 2 percent by weight to 27 percent by weight; and / or(c) the aromatic diamine in an amount of 0.2 percent by weight to 6 percent by weight; wherein percents by weight are based on total weight of the composition.

8. The composition of any of the preceding claims, further comprising a second polyol.

9. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the aromatic diamine comprises a liquid aromatic diamine and / or a sterically hindered aromatic diamine.

10. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the filler comprises a thermally conductive filler.

11. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises a ratio of isocyanate equivalents to active hydrogen equivalents of 0.75:1 to 1.7:1.

12. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer comprises a viscosity of 0.1 Pa*S to 100 Pa*S at 25°C measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s1.

13. The composition of any of the preceding claims, wherein the first component and / or the second component comprises a viscosity of 0.1 Pa*S to 3,000 Pa*S at 25°C measured by parallel plate rheology with a plate diameter of 25 mm, a gap of 1 mm, and a shear rate of 1 s’1.

14. A method for treating a substrate comprising: contacting a surface of the substrate with the composition of any of the preceding claims.

15. A substrate comprising a coating on a surface thereof, formed from the composition of any of claims 1 to 13.

16. The substrate of claim 15, further comprising a dielectric coating on the surface.

17. The substrate of claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the substrate comprises a battery cell.

18. A battery comprising the battery cell of claim 17, and optionally a battery component.

19. A vehicle comprising the battery of claim 18.

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