Charging and discharging method for energy storage

Abstract

A charging and discharging method for energy storage, relating to the technical field of new energy. The method comprises the following steps: (1) setting up a hardware system; (2) carrying out initialization detection to ensure that each hardware device is in a normal state; (3) setting up a software system; and (4) during standby or working, a controller reading battery parameters of each measurement and control board in turn and comparing set data to make corresponding actions. The charging and discharging method for energy storage has the advantages of simple and convenient wiring, low cost, and easy maintenance.

Description

A charging and discharging method for energy storage Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a charging and discharging method, and more particularly to a charging and discharging method for energy storage. Background Art

[0002] Currently, mainstream battery charging and discharging technology only provides first-level battery protection, and this relies on command transmission via communication lines. Any interference with the communication lines, damage to the detection system, or system failure could potentially cause battery damage or a major accident, making this unsafe. Furthermore, existing battery charging and discharging technology requires a high degree of battery consistency to avoid a significant short board effect. However, even with this, after a period of use, this short board effect can become increasingly severe, preventing even good batteries from being fully charged or fully discharged. Furthermore, existing charging and discharging technology suffers from system complexity: the BMS places high demands on data acquisition reliability, battery state of charge (SOC) estimation accuracy, thermal management, balancing, and safety management; wiring is complex; and maintenance is difficult: because fault points are difficult to locate, the BMS requires specialized personnel to operate and maintain, increasing system operating costs.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a charging and discharging method for energy storage that has simple wiring, low cost and is easy to maintain.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved as follows: a charging and discharging method for energy storage, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Hardware system construction

[0007] ① Install a measurement and control board on each battery and directly detect the voltage and temperature of the corresponding battery through the measurement and control board;

[0008] ② Install automatic switching elements and bypass circuits matching each battery on the main line between two adjacent batteries;

[0009] ③ The communication lines of each measurement and control board are connected in parallel and then connected to the controller, and the controller is connected to the inverter;

[0010] (2) Perform initialization testing to ensure that all hardware devices are in normal condition;

[0011] (3) Software system construction

[0012] (a) Set the address code of the measurement and control board as the number of the corresponding battery;

[0013] (b) Setting parameters for the measurement and control board: the maximum temperature, maximum voltage, and minimum voltage during battery operation. The measurement and control board reads the relevant battery parameters and compares them with the set data to make corresponding actions. During operation, the measurement and control board only has bypass permission and no access permission.

[0014] (c) Set the controller software parameters: AC parameters, DC parameters, maximum temperature, maximum voltage, and minimum voltage in the battery warning, and maximum temperature, maximum voltage, and minimum voltage in the battery failure.

[0015] (4) When in standby or working mode, the controller reads the battery parameters of each measurement and control board in turn, and compares the set data to make corresponding actions;

[0016] In the charging state, the software on the measurement and control board detects the parameters of each battery cell in real time. When the voltage of each battery cell reaches the predetermined maximum value or the highest temperature value, the charging is stopped through the bypass circuit until the entire battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. When the inverter is shut down or switched to standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board, and wait for the next working instruction.

[0017] In the discharge state, the software on the measurement and control board detects the parameters of each battery cell in real time. When the voltage of each battery cell reaches the predetermined minimum value or maximum temperature value, the discharge is exited through the bypass circuit until the entire battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. When the inverter or electrical equipment is shut down or switched to standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board, and wait for the next work instruction.

[0018] In the above-mentioned charging and discharging method for energy storage, step (2) is specifically as follows:

[0019] Perform initialization detection, including the following steps:

[0020] (A) The power supply supplies power to the measurement and control board; the measurement and control board detects the battery. If the battery parameters are qualified, it is connected to the battery pack. If the battery fails to meet the requirements: exceeding the set temperature, higher than the set maximum voltage, or lower than the set minimum voltage, it will be bypassed (delayed for 5 seconds) and the controller will display the battery number for bypass and alarm.

[0021] (B) Power supply to the controller: When the controller is turned on, it detects the communication connection of the inverter (or power-consuming equipment) and issues an alarm if it is abnormal. The controller also detects the communication connection of the measurement and control board and issues an alarm if it is abnormal. When the communication is normal, the controller issues commands to the measurement and control board in sequence to extract battery parameters, and the cycle continues.

[0022] (C) Power supply to the inverter: When the inverter is turned on, the inverter will self-check and alarm if it is abnormal. If it is normal, it will enter the standby state;

[0023] In the above-mentioned charging and discharging method for energy storage, in step (4), the charging is a two-stage charging, specifically:

[0024] (a) The first time a high current fast charge is used, after a certain period of charging, the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage;

[0025] (b) When the inverter is shut down or in standby mode, the controller software reconnects the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board, and waits for the second charge;

[0026] (c) The battery sleep time is 25 minutes to wait for the voltage to drop, and the inverter is in standby mode for 25 minutes;

[0027] (d) The system performs a second charge with a charging current of DC5A. After a certain period of charging, when the temperature or maximum voltage of a battery reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board bypasses the battery and stops charging. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it displays the battery bypass and related values. Batteries are continuously bypassed in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage.

[0028] (e) When the inverter or charging equipment is shut down or in standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board and wait for the next work instruction.

[0029] In the above-mentioned charging and discharging method for energy storage, during charging, when the software parameter setting on the measurement and control board takes precedence over the battery warning software parameter, the maximum temperature set on the measurement and control board is the maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum operating voltage; the battery warning maximum temperature set in the controller is the maximum alarm temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum alarm voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum alarm voltage; the battery fault maximum temperature set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage; the maximum operating voltage < maximum alarm voltage < maximum shutdown voltage, the maximum operating temperature < maximum alarm temperature < maximum shutdown temperature, the minimum operating voltage > minimum alarm voltage > minimum shutdown voltage;

[0030] When the temperature or maximum voltage of a battery reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board will bypass the battery and stop charging. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to be bypassed in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage.

[0031] If a battery is not bypassed and discharged by the measurement and control board, but reaches the battery warning setting parameters on the controller software and is bypassed by the controller software, an alarm will be issued, indicating a measurement and control board fault alarm;

[0032] If a battery is not bypassed and exited from charging by the battery warning on the controller software, but reaches the battery fault setting parameters on the controller software, the controller software will shut down the inverter or charging equipment and issue a warning of shutdown due to fault of the corresponding measurement and control board.

[0033] In the above-mentioned charge and discharge method for energy storage, in step (4), the discharge is a two-stage discharge, specifically

[0034] (a) The first discharge is performed with a high current. After a predetermined discharge time, the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage.

[0035] (b) When the inverter or power-consuming equipment is shut down or in standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board, and wait for the second discharge;

[0036] (c) The battery sleep time is 30 minutes to wait for the voltage to rise, and the inverter is in standby mode for 30 minutes;

[0037] (d) The system performs a second discharge with a discharge current of DC5A. After a predetermined discharge time, when the temperature or minimum voltage of a battery reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board bypasses the battery and stops discharging. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it displays the battery bypass and related values. Batteries are continuously bypassed in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage.

[0038] (e) When the inverter or discharge equipment is shut down or in standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board and wait for the next work instruction;

[0039] In the above-mentioned charging and discharging method for energy storage, during discharge, when the software parameter setting on the measurement and control board takes precedence over the battery warning software parameter, the maximum temperature set by the measurement and control board is the maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum operating voltage; the battery warning maximum temperature set in the controller is the maximum alarm temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum alarm voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum alarm voltage; the battery fault maximum temperature set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage; the maximum operating voltage < maximum alarm voltage < maximum shutdown voltage, the maximum operating temperature < maximum alarm temperature < maximum shutdown temperature, the minimum operating voltage > minimum alarm voltage > minimum shutdown voltage;

[0040] When the temperature or minimum voltage of a battery reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board will bypass the battery and exit discharge. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to be discharged in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage.

[0041] If a battery is not bypassed and discharged by the measurement and control board, but reaches the battery warning setting parameters on the controller software, and is bypassed by the controller software, an alarm will be issued, and a certain measurement and control board fault alarm will be displayed; if a battery is not bypassed and discharged by the battery warning on the controller software, but reaches the battery fault setting parameters on the controller software, the controller software will shut down the inverter and issue a certain measurement and control board fault shutdown.

[0042] In the above-mentioned charging and discharging method for energy storage, the specific calculation method of the large current is:

[0043] When charging, set the current = 0.9*A / T*α, where A is the rated current of each battery, T is the charging time, T is 2-7 hours, and α is the battery depreciation coefficient, α is 0.4-1.

[0044] In the above-mentioned charging and discharging method for energy storage, during charging, when the battery warning software parameter settings take precedence over the software parameters on the measurement and control board, the maximum temperature set by the measurement and control board is the second highest operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the second maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the second minimum operating voltage;

[0045] The maximum battery warning temperature set in the controller is the main maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the main maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the main minimum operating voltage. The maximum battery fault temperature set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage. The main maximum operating temperature < the secondary maximum operating temperature < the maximum shutdown temperature, the main maximum operating voltage < the secondary maximum operating voltage < the maximum shutdown voltage, the main minimum operating voltage > the secondary minimum operating voltage > the minimum shutdown voltage.

[0046] When the temperature or maximum voltage of a battery reaches the battery warning setting parameters, the battery warning will immediately bypass the battery to exit charging, and the controller will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to be bypassed until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage; if a battery is not bypassed to exit charging by the battery warning, but reaches the measurement and control board setting parameters, the measurement and control board will bypass it; if a battery is not bypassed to exit charging by the measurement and control board, but reaches the battery fault setting parameters on the controller software, the controller software will shut down the inverter and issue a certain measurement and control board fault shutdown signal.

[0047] In the above-mentioned charging and discharging method for energy storage, during discharge, when the battery warning software parameter settings take precedence over the software parameters on the measurement and control board, the maximum temperature set by the measurement and control board is the second highest operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the second maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the second minimum operating voltage;

[0048] The maximum battery warning temperature set in the controller is the main maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the main maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the main minimum operating voltage. The maximum battery fault temperature set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage. The main maximum operating temperature < the secondary maximum operating temperature < the maximum shutdown temperature, the main maximum operating voltage < the secondary maximum operating voltage < the maximum shutdown voltage, the main minimum operating voltage > the secondary minimum operating voltage > the minimum shutdown voltage.

[0049] When the temperature or minimum voltage of a battery reaches the battery warning setting parameters, the battery warning will immediately bypass and exit the discharge of the battery. The controller will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to be bypassed until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. If a battery is not bypassed and exited by the battery warning, but reaches the measurement and control board setting parameters, it will be bypassed by the measurement and control board. If a battery is not bypassed and exited by the measurement and control board, but reaches the battery fault setting parameters on the controller software, the controller software will shut down the inverter and issue a shutdown signal for a certain measurement and control board fault.

[0050] In the above-mentioned charging and discharging method for energy storage, when a round of discharge and charging is completed, the system will automatically analyze the current performance parameters of the battery collected by the controller; when a battery reaches the lowest voltage during the first discharge and exits the discharge system early, and the charging time for the battery to reach the highest voltage and exit the system for the first time is only 20%-35% of the shutdown time when the inverter reaches the shutdown voltage, or when a battery exits the system early due to reaching the maximum operating temperature during the charging and discharging process, the battery is marked; if the battery is marked five times in a row, it is assumed that the battery performance is poor and needs to be replaced, and the controller issues an alarm prompt to replace the battery.

[0051] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention builds an ingenious hardware system, and the measurement and control board is connected to the corresponding battery nearby, which not only saves a lot of wiring costs, but also allows the measurement and control board to obtain the maximum voltage, minimum voltage and maximum temperature of the corresponding battery during operation. During a charging or discharging cycle, a one-time bypass instruction can be independently issued to the corresponding battery according to the preset voltage and temperature, thereby realizing the first level of protection efficiently and safely.

[0052] At the same time, the controller receives feedback from the measurement and control board regarding the battery voltage and temperature, which is used for both data collection and analysis and to assist in monitoring the proper functioning of the measurement and control board. If the measurement and control board fails to operate and the battery voltage or temperature reaches the maximum, minimum, or high voltage warning levels preset by the controller, the controller will issue an alert. This provides a second level of protection for the system. Furthermore, if the measurement and control board switch fails and the bypass command is not executed, causing the battery to reach the maximum temperature, maximum voltage, or minimum voltage preset in the controller for battery failure, the controller will forcibly shut down the entire system, providing a third level of protection for the system. Compared to the prior art, the present invention also has the following beneficial effects:

[0053] (1) Each battery is independently controlled. When charging, the first battery full will be discharged first; when discharging, the first battery exhausted will be discharged first, effectively preventing overcharging and over-discharging, avoiding the short board effect, and increasing the charging and discharging capacity by at least 10%.

[0054] (2) Independent control can prevent thermal runaway of individual batteries caused by overcharging or over-discharging.

[0055] (3) There is no requirement for battery consistency, and there are no restrictions on technical parameters such as internal resistance and capacity of batteries in the same system. Multiple batteries can be used together without the need to test, disassemble, or reassemble the batteries, which greatly saves the pre-processing costs before battery reuse. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments in the accompanying drawings, but this does not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

[0057] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of the hardware system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] Example 1

[0059] Referring to FIG1 , a charging and discharging method for energy storage according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0060] (1) Hardware system construction

[0061] ① Install a measurement and control board on each battery and directly detect the voltage and temperature of the corresponding battery through the measurement and control board;

[0062] ② Install automatic switching elements and bypass circuits matching each battery on the main line between two adjacent batteries;

[0063] ③ The communication lines of each measurement and control board are connected in parallel and then connected to the controller, and the controller is connected to the inverter;

[0064] (2) Perform initialization testing to ensure that all hardware devices are in normal condition; this includes the following steps:

[0065] (A) The power supply supplies power to the measurement and control board; the measurement and control board detects the battery. If the battery parameters are qualified, it is connected to the battery pack. If the battery fails to meet the requirements: exceeding the set temperature, higher than the set maximum voltage, or lower than the set minimum voltage, it will be bypassed (delayed for 5 seconds) and the controller will display the battery number for bypass and alarm.

[0066] (B) Power supply to the controller: When the controller is turned on, it detects the communication connection of the inverter (or power-consuming equipment) and issues an alarm if it is abnormal. The controller also detects the communication connection of the measurement and control board and issues an alarm if it is abnormal. When the communication is normal, the controller issues commands to the measurement and control board in sequence to extract battery parameters, and the cycle continues.

[0067] (C) Power supply to the inverter: When the inverter is turned on, the inverter will self-check and alarm if it is abnormal. If it is normal, it will enter the standby state;

[0068] (3) Software system construction

[0069] (a) Set the address code of the measurement and control board as the number of the corresponding battery;

[0070] (b) Parameter settings are set for the measurement and control board: the maximum temperature, maximum voltage, and minimum voltage during battery operation. The measurement and control board reads the relevant battery parameters and compares them with the set data to make corresponding actions. During operation, the measurement and control board only has bypass permissions, not access permissions. This allows for effective and independent rapid control of each battery while preventing system disruption caused by access permissions. This provides a strong first-level protection for the system.

[0071] (c) Set the controller software parameters: AC parameters, DC parameters, maximum temperature, maximum voltage, and minimum voltage in battery warnings, and maximum temperature, maximum voltage, and minimum voltage in battery failures;

[0072] (4) When in standby or working mode, the controller reads the battery parameters of each measurement and control board in turn, and compares the set data to make corresponding actions;

[0073] Charging is a two-stage charging, specifically:

[0074] (a) The first time a high current fast charge is used, after a predetermined charging time, the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage;

[0075] (b) When the inverter is shut down or in standby mode, the controller software reconnects the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board, and waits for the second charge;

[0076] (c) The battery sleep time is 25 minutes to wait for the voltage to drop, and the inverter is in standby mode for 25 minutes;

[0077] (d) The system performs a second charge with a charging current of DC5A. After a predetermined charging time, when the temperature or maximum voltage of a battery reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board bypasses the battery and stops charging. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it displays the battery bypass and related values. Batteries are continuously bypassed in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage.

[0078] (e) When the inverter or charging equipment is shut down or in standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board and wait for the next work instruction.

[0079] The specific calculation method of the large current is:

[0080] When charging, set the current = 0.9*A / T*α, where A is the rated current of each battery, T is the charging time, T is 2-7 hours, and α is the battery depreciation coefficient, α is 0.4-1.

[0081] During charging, when the software parameter settings on the measurement and control board take precedence over the battery warning software parameters, the maximum temperature set on the measurement and control board is the maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum operating voltage; the maximum battery warning temperature set in the controller is the maximum alarm temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum alarm voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum alarm voltage; the maximum battery fault temperature set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage; maximum operating voltage < maximum alarm voltage < maximum shutdown voltage, maximum operating temperature < maximum alarm temperature < maximum shutdown temperature, minimum operating voltage > minimum alarm voltage > minimum shutdown voltage;

[0082] When the temperature or maximum voltage of a battery reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board will bypass the battery and stop charging. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to be bypassed in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage.

[0083] If a battery is not bypassed and taken out of charging by the measurement and control board, but reaches the battery warning setting parameters on the controller software and is bypassed by the controller software, an alarm will be issued, displaying a certain measurement and control board fault alarm; this is the second level of protection for the system.

[0084] If a battery is not bypassed and removed from charging according to the controller software's battery warning, but instead reaches the battery fault setting parameters in the controller software, the controller software will shut down the inverter or charging equipment and issue a warning indicating a fault shutdown on the corresponding measurement and control board. This is the third level of protection for the system.

[0085] Correspondingly, the discharge is also a two-stage discharge, specifically

[0086] (a) The first discharge is performed with a high current. After a predetermined discharge time, the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage.

[0087] (b) When the inverter or power-consuming equipment is shut down or in standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board, and wait for the second discharge;

[0088] (c) The battery sleep time is 30 minutes to wait for the voltage to rise, and the inverter is in standby mode for 30 minutes;

[0089] (d) The system performs a second discharge with a discharge current of DC5A. After a predetermined discharge time, when the temperature or minimum voltage of a battery reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board bypasses the battery and stops discharging. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it displays the battery bypass and related values. Batteries are continuously bypassed in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage.

[0090] (e) When the inverter or discharge equipment is shut down or in standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board and wait for the next work instruction;

[0091] During discharge, when the software parameter settings on the measurement and control board take precedence over the battery warning software parameters, the maximum temperature set on the measurement and control board is the maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum operating voltage; the maximum battery warning temperature set in the controller is the maximum alarm temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum alarm voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum alarm voltage; the maximum battery fault temperature set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage; maximum operating voltage < maximum alarm voltage < maximum shutdown voltage, maximum operating temperature < maximum alarm temperature < maximum shutdown temperature, minimum operating voltage > minimum alarm voltage > minimum shutdown voltage;

[0092] When the temperature or minimum voltage of a battery reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board will bypass the battery and exit discharge. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to be discharged in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage.

[0093] If a battery is bypassed and discharged by the control board, but reaches the battery warning parameters set in the controller software, the controller software will bypass it, triggering an alarm and displaying a control board fault alarm. If a battery is bypassed and discharged by the control board, but reaches the battery fault parameters set in the controller software, the controller software will shut down the inverter and issue a control board fault shutdown alarm. Discharging, like charging, has three levels of protection.

[0094] Further preferably, after a round of discharge and charging is completed, the system automatically analyzes the current performance parameters of the battery collected by the controller; when a battery reaches the lowest voltage during the first discharge and exits the discharge system early, and the charging time for the battery to reach the highest voltage and exit the system for the first time is only 20%-35% of the shutdown time when the inverter reaches the shutdown voltage (i.e., the longest charging time of this group), or when a battery exits the system early due to reaching the maximum operating temperature during the charging and discharging process, the battery is marked; if the battery is marked five times in a row, it is assumed that the battery performance is poor and needs to be replaced, and the controller will issue an alarm prompt to replace the battery. The battery must be fully discharged before being recharged to accurately judge the battery performance.

[0095] When the system is operating normally, the user can set a certain day of each month as the date for generating the battery performance report. The system will automatically generate a performance report for all batteries in the setting so that the user can understand the battery status in the system.

[0096] Based on the independent control of the batteries, each battery can be monitored and replaced independently, greatly improving the battery utilization rate.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] The hardware structure of the energy storage charging and discharging method of the present invention is the same as that of Example 1, except that the software system is set as follows:

[0099] During charging, when the battery warning software parameter settings take precedence over the software parameters on the measurement and control board, the maximum temperature set by the measurement and control board is the second highest operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the second maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the second minimum operating voltage.

[0100] The maximum battery warning temperature set in the controller is the main maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the main maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the main minimum operating voltage. The maximum battery fault temperature set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage. The main maximum operating temperature < the secondary maximum operating temperature < the maximum shutdown temperature, the main maximum operating voltage < the secondary maximum operating voltage < the maximum shutdown voltage, the main minimum operating voltage > the secondary minimum operating voltage > the minimum shutdown voltage.

[0101] When the temperature or maximum voltage of a battery reaches the battery warning setting parameters, the battery warning will immediately bypass the battery to exit charging, and the controller will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to be bypassed until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage; if a battery is not bypassed to exit charging by the battery warning, but reaches the measurement and control board setting parameters, the measurement and control board will bypass it; if a battery is not bypassed to exit charging by the measurement and control board, but reaches the battery fault setting parameters on the controller software, the controller software will shut down the inverter and issue a certain measurement and control board fault shutdown signal.

[0102] At the same time, during discharge, when the battery warning software parameter settings take precedence over the software parameters on the measurement and control board, the maximum temperature set by the measurement and control board is the second highest operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the second maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the second minimum operating voltage;

[0103] The maximum battery warning temperature set in the controller is the main maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the main maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the main minimum operating voltage. The maximum battery fault temperature set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage. The main maximum operating temperature < the secondary maximum operating temperature < the maximum shutdown temperature, the main maximum operating voltage < the secondary maximum operating voltage < the maximum shutdown voltage, the main minimum operating voltage > the secondary minimum operating voltage > the minimum shutdown voltage.

[0104] When the temperature or minimum voltage of a battery reaches the battery warning setting parameters, the battery warning will immediately bypass and exit the discharge of the battery. The controller will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to be bypassed until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. If a battery is not bypassed and exited by the battery warning, but reaches the measurement and control board setting parameters, it will be bypassed by the measurement and control board. If a battery is not bypassed and exited by the measurement and control board, but reaches the battery fault setting parameters on the controller software, the controller software will shut down the inverter and issue a shutdown signal for a certain measurement and control board fault.

[0105] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the battery warning software parameter settings in the controller take precedence over the software parameters on the measurement and control board. When the battery temperature reaches the maximum operating temperature, the controller issues a command to bypass it, removing the battery from the system. Compared to the three-level protection in embodiment 1, this embodiment only has two levels of protection. This is because the primary and secondary maximum temperatures and maximum voltages can only be used to bypass the battery, and it is impossible to distinguish whether the battery is bypassed due to a measurement and control board failure or because it has reached the preset parameters. Therefore, the primary and secondary maximum temperatures and maximum voltages can only serve as a coordinated first-level protection, and the controller's battery failure parameters, i.e., the shutdown parameters, serve as second-level protection. While, in theory, it can also achieve individual control of each battery cell, the disadvantage is that the response is slower and more error-prone than in embodiment 1.

[0106] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention and are only used to facilitate the explanation of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Any person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field can, without departing from the scope of the technical features of the present invention, make partial changes or modifications to the technical contents disclosed in the present invention and make equivalent embodiments without departing from the technical features of the present invention. Such modifications still fall within the scope of the technical features of the present invention.

Claims

1. A charging and discharging method for energy storage, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Hardware system construction ① Install each battery on the measurement and control board, and directly detect the voltage and temperature of the corresponding battery through the measurement and control board; ② Install automatic switch components and bypass circuits matching each battery on the main line between two adjacent batteries; ③ The communication lines of each measurement and control board are connected in parallel and then connected to the controller, and the controller is connected to the inverter; (2) Perform initialization testing to ensure that all hardware devices are in normal condition; (3) Software system construction (a) Set the address code of the measurement and control board as the number of the corresponding battery; (b) Setting parameters for the measurement and control board: the highest temperature, maximum voltage, and minimum voltage of the battery during operation; the measurement and control board reads the relevant battery parameters and compares them with the set data to make corresponding actions. During operation, the measurement and control board only has bypass authority, not access authority; (c) Set the controller software parameters: AC parameters, DC parameters, maximum temperature, maximum voltage, and minimum voltage in battery warning, and maximum temperature, maximum voltage, and minimum voltage in battery failure; (4) When in standby or working mode, the controller reads the battery parameters of each measurement and control board in turn, and compares the set data to make corresponding actions; In the charging state, the software on the measurement and control board detects the parameters of each battery in real time. When the voltage of each battery reaches the preset maximum value or the highest temperature value, the charging is stopped through the bypass circuit until the entire battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. When the inverter is shut down or switched to standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range according to the battery parameters of each measurement and control board obtained in turn, and wait for the next working instruction. In the discharge state, the software on the measurement and control board detects the parameters of each battery in real time. When the voltage of each battery reaches the predetermined minimum value or maximum temperature value, the charging is exited through the bypass circuit until the entire battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. When the inverter or electrical equipment shuts down or enters standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board, and wait for the next work instruction.

2. A charging and discharging method for energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (2) is specifically as follows: Perform initialization detection, including the following steps: (A) The power supply supplies power to the measurement and control board; the measurement and control board detects the battery, and if the battery parameters are qualified, it is connected to the battery pack; if the battery is unqualified: exceeding the set temperature, higher than the set maximum voltage, and lower than the set minimum voltage, it will be bypassed (delayed for 5 seconds), and the controller will display the battery number bypass and alarm; (B) The power supply supplies power to the controller: The controller is turned on and detects the communication connection of the inverter (or power-consuming equipment). If it is abnormal, an alarm will be sounded; the controller detects the communication connection of the measurement and control board. If it is abnormal, an alarm will be sounded. When the communication is normal, the controller sends instructions to the measurement and control board in sequence to extract battery parameters, and the cycle continues; (C) Power supply to the inverter: The inverter is turned on and the inverter self-checks. If it is abnormal, it will alarm. If it is normal, it will enter the standby state; 3. A charging and discharging method for energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the charging is a two-stage charging, specifically: (a) The first time a large current is used for rapid charging, after a predetermined charging time, the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage; (b) When the inverter is shut down or switched to standby mode, the controller software reconnects the battery pack within the parameter range according to the battery parameters of each measurement and control board obtained in turn, and waits for the second charge; (c) The battery sleeps for 25 minutes while the voltage drops, and the inverter is on standby for 25 minutes; (d) The system performs a second charging with a charging current of DC5A. After a predetermined charging time, when a battery temperature or maximum voltage reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board bypasses the battery to exit charging. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it displays the battery bypass and related values. Batteries are continuously exited in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. (e) When the inverter or charging equipment is shut down or in standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range based on the battery parameters obtained from each measurement and control board and wait for the next work instruction.

4. A charging and discharging method for energy storage according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: During charging, when the software parameter settings on the measurement and control board take precedence over the battery warning software parameters, the maximum temperature set on the measurement and control board is the maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum operating voltage; the maximum temperature for battery warning set in the controller is the maximum alarm temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum alarm voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum alarm voltage; the maximum temperature for battery failure set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage; maximum operating voltage < maximum alarm voltage < maximum shutdown voltage, maximum operating temperature < maximum alarm temperature < maximum shutdown temperature, minimum operating voltage > minimum alarm voltage > minimum shutdown voltage; When the temperature or maximum voltage of a battery reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board will bypass the battery to stop charging. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to be withdrawn in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. If a battery is not bypassed and discharged from charging by the measurement and control board, but reaches the battery warning setting parameters on the controller software and is bypassed by the controller software, an alarm will be given, indicating a certain measurement and control board fault alarm; If a battery is not bypassed and exited from charging by the battery warning on the controller software, but reaches the battery fault setting parameters on the controller software, the controller software will shut down the inverter or charging equipment and issue a warning of the corresponding measurement and control board failure shutdown.

5. A charging and discharging method for energy storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the discharge is a two-stage discharge, specifically: (a) The first time a large current is discharged, after a predetermined time of discharge, the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage; (b) When the inverter or power-consuming equipment is shut down or switched to standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range according to the battery parameters of each measurement and control board obtained in turn, and wait for the second discharge; (c) The battery sleeps for 30 minutes while the voltage drops, and the inverter is on standby for 30 minutes; (d) The system performs a second discharge with a discharge current of DC5A. After a predetermined time of discharge, when a battery temperature or minimum voltage reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board bypasses the battery to exit discharge. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it displays the battery bypass and related values. Batteries are continuously exited in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. (e) When the inverter or discharge equipment is shut down or switched to standby mode, the controller software will reconnect the battery pack within the parameter range according to the battery parameters of each measurement and control board obtained in turn, and wait for the next work instruction; 6. A charging and discharging method for energy storage according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: During discharge, when the software parameter settings on the measurement and control board take precedence over the battery warning software parameters, the maximum temperature set on the measurement and control board is the maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum operating voltage; the maximum temperature of the battery warning set in the controller is the maximum alarm temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum alarm voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum alarm voltage; the maximum temperature of the battery failure set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage; maximum operating voltage < maximum alarm voltage < maximum shutdown voltage, maximum operating temperature < maximum alarm temperature < maximum shutdown temperature, minimum operating voltage > minimum alarm voltage > minimum shutdown voltage; When the temperature or maximum voltage of a battery reaches the parameters set by the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board will bypass the battery and stop charging. When the controller obtains the battery parameters of the measurement and control board, it will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to be withdrawn in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. If a battery is not bypassed and discharged by the measurement and control board, but is bypassed by the controller software due to the battery early warning setting parameters on the controller software, an alarm will be given, showing a certain measurement and control board fault alarm; if a battery is not bypassed and discharged by the battery early warning on the controller software, but is bypassed by the controller software due to the battery fault setting parameters on the controller software, the controller software will shut down the inverter and issue a certain measurement and control board fault shutdown.

7. A charging and discharging method for energy storage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific calculation method of the large current is: When charging, set the current = 0.9*A / T*α, where A is the rated current of each battery, T is the charging time, T is 2-7 hours, and α is the battery depreciation coefficient, α is 0.4-1.

8. A charging and discharging method for energy storage according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: When charging, when the battery warning software parameter settings take precedence over the software parameters on the measurement and control board, the maximum temperature set by the measurement and control board is the second highest operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the second maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the second minimum operating voltage; The maximum temperature of the battery warning set in the controller is the main maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the main maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the main minimum operating voltage; the maximum temperature of the battery failure set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage; the main maximum operating temperature < the secondary maximum operating temperature < the highest shutdown temperature, the main maximum operating voltage < the secondary maximum operating voltage < the maximum shutdown voltage, the main minimum operating voltage > the secondary minimum operating voltage > the minimum shutdown voltage; When the temperature or maximum voltage of a battery reaches the battery warning setting parameters, the battery warning will immediately bypass the battery to exit charging, and the controller will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to exit in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. If a battery is not bypassed and exited by the battery warning, but reaches the measurement and control board setting parameters, the measurement and control board will bypass it. If a battery is not bypassed and exited by the measurement and control board, but reaches the battery fault setting parameters on the controller software, the controller software will shut down the inverter and issue a shutdown signal for a certain measurement and control board fault.

9. A charging and discharging method for energy storage according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: During discharge, when the battery warning software parameter settings take precedence over the software parameters on the measurement and control board, the maximum temperature set by the measurement and control board is the second highest operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the second maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the second minimum operating voltage; The maximum temperature of the battery warning set in the controller is the main maximum operating temperature, the maximum voltage is the main maximum operating voltage, and the minimum voltage is the main minimum operating voltage; the maximum temperature of the battery failure set in the controller is the maximum shutdown temperature, the maximum voltage is the maximum shutdown voltage, and the minimum voltage is the minimum shutdown voltage; the main maximum operating temperature < the secondary maximum operating temperature < the highest shutdown temperature, the main maximum operating voltage < the secondary maximum operating voltage < the maximum shutdown voltage, the main minimum operating voltage > the secondary minimum operating voltage > the minimum shutdown voltage; When the temperature or minimum voltage of a battery reaches the battery warning setting parameters, the battery warning will immediately bypass the battery to exit discharge, and the controller will display the battery bypass and related values. Batteries will continue to exit in this way until the battery system reaches the inverter shutdown voltage. If a battery is not bypassed and exited by the battery warning, but reaches the setting parameters of the measurement and control board, the measurement and control board will bypass it. If a battery is not bypassed and exited by the measurement and control board, Instead, the battery failure setting parameters on the controller software are reached, and the controller software shuts down the inverter and issues a shutdown signal due to a certain measurement and control board failure.

10. A charging and discharging method for energy storage according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: When a round of discharge and charge is completed, the system will automatically analyze the current performance parameters of the battery collected by the controller; when a battery reaches the lowest voltage during the first discharge and exits the discharge system in advance, and the charging time for the battery to reach the highest voltage and exit the system for the first time is only 20%-35% of the downtime time when the inverter reaches the shutdown voltage, or when a battery exits the system in advance due to reaching the highest operating temperature during the charging and discharging process, the battery will be marked; If the battery is marked five times in succession, it is assumed that the battery performance is poor and needs to be replaced, and the controller issues an alarm prompt to replace the battery.

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