Multifunctional fire-fighting and protection system and method for electrochemical energy storage system

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention are a multifunctional fire-fighting and protection system and method for an electrochemical energy storage system. The multifunctional fire-fighting and protection system comprises an energy storage container, PACK-level fire extinguishing apparatuses and installation-level fire extinguishing apparatuses, wherein the energy storage container is provided with an installation-level fire-fighting subsystem therein, and each battery PACK box is provided with a PACK-level fire-fighting subsystem thereon; the installation-level fire-fighting subsystem comprises a power-on detection assembly, a gas fire suppression controller, an installation-level fire extinguishing apparatus, an audible and visual alarm, an alarm bell and an explosion-proof ventilation system, which are arranged in the container, the power-on detection assembly forming delayed start cooperation with the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing apparatus by means of the corresponding gas fire suppression controller, and the power-on detection assembly forming start cooperation with the corresponding audible and visual alarm, alarm bell and explosion-proof ventilation system by means of the corresponding gas fire suppression controller; and each PACK-level fire-fighting subsystem comprises a physical detection assembly and a corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing apparatus, the physical detection assembly forming start cooperation with the corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing apparatus. Therefore, by means of multi-level cooperation, the effect is improved, and the cost is reduced.

Description

A multifunctional fire protection system and method for electrochemical energy storage system Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fire protection for energy storage containers, and in particular to a multifunctional fire protection system and method for electrochemical energy storage systems. Background Art

[0002] With the advancement of the "dual carbon" goals, vigorously developing new energy, optimizing the energy mix, and achieving clean, low-carbon development have become a global consensus. Energy storage can promote the absorption of new energy, enhance power system flexibility, and support the safe and stable operation of new power systems. It has become one of the key technologies for building these systems. In recent years, despite adverse factors such as international competition and the pandemic, the energy storage industry has maintained rapid development. However, this rapid growth has also come at a time of increasing pressure on the safe construction and operation of energy storage systems. According to incomplete statistics from CNESA, over 70 energy storage safety incidents have occurred globally since 2011. Even after more than a decade of development, 17 energy storage safety incidents occurred globally in 2022, including several residential energy storage incidents abroad. With the exception of one incident involving lead-acid batteries, all other incidents involved lithium-ion batteries. With the rapid growth of energy storage installed capacity, energy storage safety risks are also increasing. Safety has become a bottleneck restricting the further development of the lithium-ion battery energy storage industry.

[0003] For industrial and commercial energy storage, the system has a large capacity. Once thermal runaway occurs, chemical reactions will continue, releasing heat and producing various flammable gases. Therefore, early detection is crucial for firefighting. Furthermore, system integration and fire suppression systems present significant challenges.

[0004] For larger energy storage containers, the following problems exist during firefighting:

[0005] 1. The system usually relies on monitoring devices to transmit data to determine whether there is a fire. Monitoring devices usually use sensors and other detection devices. In the event of a battery pack fire, the detectors are easily damaged, increasing the cost of fire prevention.

[0006] 2. During the monitoring process, the number of detectors is limited based on cost calculations. Its main monitoring range depends on the sensing end. When there are signs of fire far away from the sensing end, it takes a certain amount of time for the temperature within the sensing end range to reach the set value. There is a slight lag in detection, and it is impossible to deal with the fire source in a timely and accurate manner. The detection module has a high false alarm rate. Detection modules such as smoke sensors, temperature sensors, and combustible gas sensors all take a certain amount of time to transmit the signal from the fire point to the sensing response and exceed the set value.

[0007] 3. The detection device requires the introduction of additional electrical components into the battery cluster. When a battery cell experiences thermal runaway, a large amount of combustible gas will overflow from the pressure relief valve. Under the influence of the fire, electrical components such as the detector may come into contact with the combustible gas, potentially causing a secondary fire, posing a safety hazard.

[0008] 4. The detection module is an electronic component and requires regular maintenance and inspection. The installation space in the battery pack box is limited, and there are many battery pack boxes in a large energy storage container, making installation and maintenance inconvenient.

[0009] 5. When the device is being processed, it usually makes a judgment based on smoke, temperature and combustible gas, but lacks a system that can intelligently utilize information for fire protection;

[0010] 6. For firefighting in large energy storage containers, a delay function is required to allow time for evacuation and preliminary confirmation;

[0011] 7. The function is single, and different processing methods are required for different situations. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The present invention provides a multifunctional fire protection system and method for electrochemical energy storage systems, aiming to solve the problems of high cost, safety hazards, delayed root fire detection response, high false alarm rate, inconvenient maintenance and installation, and the need for delay in processing single judgment information during the fire protection process of the above-mentioned larger energy storage containers.

[0013] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a multifunctional fire protection system for electrochemical energy storage systems, including an energy storage container, a PACK-level fire extinguishing device, and an installation-level fire extinguishing device. The energy storage container is equipped with a plurality of battery clusters, each of which is equipped with a plurality of battery PACK boxes. The energy storage container is equipped with an installation-level fire protection subsystem for overall fire protection of the energy storage container, and the installation-level fire protection subsystem corresponds one-to-one with the container body. Each battery PACK box is equipped with a PACK-level fire protection subsystem for fire protection of a single battery PACK box, and the PACK-level fire protection subsystem corresponds one-to-one with the battery PACK box.

[0014] The installation-level fire protection subsystem includes a power-on detection component, a gas fire extinguishing controller, an installation-level fire extinguishing device, an audible and visual alarm, an alarm bell, and an explosion-proof ventilation system, which are arranged in the container. The power-on detection component forms a delayed start coordination with the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing device through the corresponding gas fire extinguishing controller. The nozzle of the installation-level fire extinguishing device is directed toward the battery cluster in the container. The power-on detection component forms a start coordination with the corresponding audible and visual alarm, the alarm bell, and the explosion-proof ventilation system through the corresponding gas fire extinguishing controller.

[0015] Each of the PACK-level fire protection subsystems includes a physical detection component and a corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device. The PACK-level fire extinguishing device is installed on the corresponding battery PACK box, and the nozzle of the PACK-level fire extinguishing device covers the battery PACK box. The physical detection components are evenly distributed along the inner surface of the box, and the physical detection components and the corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device form a starting coordination.

[0016] Preferably, the power-on detection component includes a temperature detector, a smoke detector, a CO detector and a hydrogen detector.

[0017] More preferably, when only the electrical signal value of the smoke detector after detecting smoke exceeds the set value, the gas fire extinguishing controller generates a first-level warning signal to the control center after receiving the electrical signal of the detector, and reminds personnel to take emergency measures through the sound and light alarm.

[0018] Furthermore, when the electrical signal values ​​generated by the smoke detector and the temperature detector exceed the set values, the gas fire extinguishing controller generates a secondary warning signal after receiving the electrical signal from the detector and transmits it to the control center, and activates the sound and light alarm and the alarm bell. After the gas fire extinguishing controller generates the secondary warning signal, it delays sending a start signal to the installation-level fire extinguishing device.

[0019] Furthermore, the delay duration is adjusted by the gas fire extinguishing controller, and the gas fire extinguishing controller is also connected to a start button and an emergency stop button.

[0020] Specifically, when the electrical signal value of any one of the CO detector and the hydrogen detector after detecting the corresponding combustible gas exceeds a set value, the explosion-proof ventilation system is activated to limit the combustible gas concentration to below 25% of the minimum explosion limit.

[0021] Preferably, the physical detection components are all thermal wires, and the thermal wires of the PACK-level fire protection subsystem are evenly distributed along the inner surface of the corresponding battery PACK box.

[0022] More preferably, the installation-level fire protection subsystem further includes a water sprinkler system, which is provided on the top of the container. The water sprinkler system comprises a plurality of sprinklers, all of which spray downward and whose spraying range covers all battery clusters in the container.

[0023] Preferably, the PACK-level fire extinguishing device is an electric and thermal dual-activated aerosol fire extinguishing device. After receiving an electric start signal or an open flame ignites the thermal wire, the electric initiator or the thermal wire burns to activate the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device. The heat released by the aerosol generator through the redox reaction decomposes the chemical coolant, so that the aerosol generator and the coolant jointly participate in extinguishing the fire.

[0024] The installation-level fire extinguishing device is an electrically activated aerosol fire extinguishing device. After receiving an electric start signal, the electric initiator activates the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device. The aerosol generator produces a fire extinguishing agent through a combustion reaction. The heat released during the reaction causes the chemical coolant to decompose. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent and the coolant play a synergistic role and participate in fire extinguishing.

[0025] A multi-stage simple fire protection method for an electrochemical energy storage system comprises the following steps:

[0026] S1: Install the corresponding installation-level fire protection subsystem in the energy storage container;

[0027] S2: Arrange the power-on detection components, gas fire extinguishing controller, installation-level fire extinguishing device, sound and light alarm, alarm, water sprinkler system and explosion-proof ventilation system in the S1 installation-level fire protection subsystem. The power-on detection components include temperature detectors, smoke detectors, CO detectors and hydrogen detectors. The power-on detection components in the installation-level fire protection subsystem form delayed start coordination with the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing device through the gas fire extinguishing controller. The power-on detection components form start coordination with the corresponding sound and light alarm, alarm and explosion-proof ventilation system through the gas fire extinguishing controller.

[0028] S3: When the temperature detector in S2 does not detect a fire warning signal with a temperature exceeding the set value, and the smoke detector detects smoke and generates a single fire warning signal, the system enters the first-level warning stage;

[0029] S4: In the first-level warning stage of S3, the gas fire extinguishing controller generates a first-level warning signal to the control center and simultaneously activates the corresponding sound and light alarm to remind personnel to take emergency measures;

[0030] S5: When the temperature detector and smoke detector in S2 detect the temperature exceeding the set value and the composite fire warning signal generated by smoke, it enters the secondary warning stage;

[0031] S6: In the secondary warning stage of S5, the gas fire extinguishing controller generates a secondary warning signal to the control center and simultaneously activates the corresponding sound and light alarm and alarm to remind personnel to take emergency measures. At the same time, the gas fire extinguishing controller sends an electric start signal to the installation-level fire extinguishing device after generating the secondary warning signal;

[0032] S7: When the electrical signal value of any one of the CO detector and hydrogen detector in S2 after detecting the corresponding combustible gas exceeds the set value, the explosion-proof ventilation system is activated to limit the combustible gas concentration to below 25% of the minimum explosion limit;

[0033] S8: When the patrol personnel manually discover a fire in S6, they can switch to manual release by pressing the start button on the gas fire extinguishing controller. During the delay phase in S6, when the patrol personnel discover a false fire alarm, they can press the emergency stop button on the gas fire extinguishing controller to reset the system and prevent the installation-level fire extinguishing device from being activated.

[0034] S9: Install a corresponding PACK-level fire protection subsystem on each battery PACK box. The PACK-level fire protection subsystem includes a corresponding physical detection component and a PACK-level fire extinguishing device, so that the physical detection component in the PACK-level fire protection subsystem and the corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device form a start-up coordination;

[0035] S10: When the physical detection component in S7 senses a fire signal, the PACK-level fire extinguishing device is directly activated;

[0036] S11: After the fire extinguishing devices in S6 and S9 are released, the staff will check the fire situation. If the fire is found to be rekindled, emergency water will be manually connected and the container will be sprayed with water to extinguish the fire through the water sprinkler system.

[0037] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0038] 1. Based on the power-on detection component, the present invention uses a physical detection component as the starting line of each fire extinguishing device, so that it is evenly distributed in each monitoring area, providing all-round protection, reducing costs, widening coverage, and improving response speed. Fire information is obtained immediately, and it is easier to install and arrange the battery pack box, saving installation space.

[0039] 2. The physical and chemical properties of the thermal wire serve as the trigger line for the fire extinguishing device. When the temperature exceeds the standard, the fire extinguishing component is ignited to spray the agent. The power detection component is only used in the installation-level protection system of the energy storage container, which reduces the possibility of secondary accidents.

[0040] 3. Make full use of the detection data of the power-on detection components and the physical detection components to form the first-level warning stage, the second-level warning stage and the PACK-level fire stage. The corresponding devices are activated at different stages to provide reminders and protection, which is intelligent protection and saves costs.

[0041] 4. The physical detection component and the power-on detection component complement each other, making up for each other's detection range. The physical detection component also makes up for the sensing time, reducing the maintenance inspection frequency of the power-on detection component.

[0042] 5. The gas fire extinguishing controller can not only respond in stages, but also enter the pre-release stage in the secondary warning stage, electrically activating the installed-level fire extinguishing device after a set delay time, leaving sufficient time for evacuation, preliminary inspection, and closing the container door;

[0043] 6. The device detects the concentration of combustible gas through CO detectors and hydrogen detectors, and then starts the explosion-proof ventilation system based on the concentration of combustible gas to achieve emergency treatment of combustible gas; the addition of start button and emergency stop button can cope with more situations, switch to manual operation when manual operation is required, and facilitate emergency treatment; the water sprinkler system serves as the last line of defense to deal with re-ignition and minimize damage to electrical components. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] FIG1 is a schematic front view of an energy storage container according to the present invention;

[0045] FIG2 is a schematic top view of an energy storage container according to the present invention;

[0046] FIG3 is a wiring diagram of the installation-level fire protection subsystem of the present invention;

[0047] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a PACK-level fire protection subsystem of the present invention;

[0048] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of another PACK-level fire protection subsystem layout of the present invention;

[0049] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a PACK-level fire extinguishing device according to the present invention;

[0050] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of an installation-level fire extinguishing device according to the present invention;

[0051] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of the air intake system of the explosion-proof ventilation system of the present invention;

[0052] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the exhaust system of the explosion-proof ventilation system of the present invention;

[0053] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the fire protection system flow of the present invention;

[0054] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of the installation-level fire protection subsystem flow of the present invention;

[0055] In the figure: 1. Energy storage container; 2. Battery PACK box; 3. Installation-level fire protection subsystem; 4. PACK-level fire protection subsystem; 5. Installation-level fire extinguishing device; 6. PACK-level fire extinguishing device; 7. Thermistor; 8. Temperature detector; 9. Smoke detector; 10. Gas fire extinguishing controller; 11. Battery cluster; 12. CO detector; 13. Hydrogen detector; 14. Alarm; 15. Sound and light alarm; 16. Start button; 17. Emergency stop button; 18. Water sprinkler system; 19. Explosion-proof ventilation system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 10 and 11, as a preferred embodiment 1, a multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system includes an energy storage container 1, a PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 and an installation-level fire extinguishing device 5. The energy storage container 1 is provided with a plurality of battery clusters 11, each battery cluster 11 is provided with a plurality of battery PACK boxes 2, the energy storage container 1 is provided with an installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 for overall fire protection of the energy storage container 1, and the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 corresponds one-to-one with the container body, and each battery PACK box 2 is provided with a PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 for fire protection of a single battery PACK box 2, and the PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 corresponds one-to-one with the battery PACK box 2;

[0057] The installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 includes a power-on detection component, a gas fire extinguishing controller 10, an installation-level fire extinguishing device 5, an audible and visual alarm 15, an alarm bell 14, and an explosion-proof ventilation system 19, which are arranged in the container. The power-on detection component forms a delayed start coordination with the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 through the corresponding gas fire extinguishing controller 10. The nozzle of the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 is directed toward the battery cluster in the container. The power-on detection component forms a start coordination with the corresponding audible and visual alarm 15, the alarm bell 14, and the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 through the corresponding gas fire extinguishing controller 10.

[0058] Each of the PACK-level fire-fighting subsystems 4 includes a physical detection component and a corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6. The PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is arranged on the corresponding battery PACK box 2, and the nozzle of the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 covers the battery PACK box 2. The physical detection components are evenly distributed along the inner surface of the box, and the physical detection components and the corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 form a starting coordination.

[0059] Example 1 provides a multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system. The fire protection system is structured according to the energy storage container 1 and is divided into an installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 for the entire energy storage container 1 and a pack-level fire protection subsystem 4 for a single battery pack box 2. The pack-level fire protection subsystem 4 detects and extinguishes the root fire source early, while the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 extinguishes and cools the interior of the box to avoid casualties.

[0060] The PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 uses a thermistor 7 as a physical detection component. Temperature affects the physical and chemical properties of the thermistor 7, igniting the fire extinguishing component of the corresponding fire extinguishing device to spray the fire extinguishing agent. This reduces monitoring costs and prevents other electrical components from affecting the energy storage container and individual battery packs. In the event of a fire, it also reduces losses and prevents secondary damage to electrical components caused by the fire, which could affect the operation of the fire protection system. The battery pack box 2 has a narrow internal space, making it difficult to install a power-on detection component. Moreover, when a fire occurs far away from the ignition point at the sensing end, the power-on detection component will have a certain delay in detecting the value change, which is not as comprehensive as the thermistor 7 and provides timely feedback.

[0061] The installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 uses a power-on detection component for composite monitoring. There are several battery clusters in the box, and the battery clusters contain several battery PACK boxes 2. If thermistor wires 7 are used for monitoring, thermistor wires 7 are easily arranged everywhere and tangled, which is not conducive to fire protection and may even affect normal power supply. Therefore, a power-on detection component is used for detection, and graded processing is carried out according to the detection results to ensure the treatment effect while avoiding the waste of fire protection resources and greatly reducing the construction cost of fire protection. When a fire occurs, because there may still be staff or patrol personnel in the box, at the moment the fire is detected, in addition to generating a signal to the control center, the alarm 14 and the sound and light alarm 15 to notify all personnel to evacuate, the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 is delayed by the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 to leave time for staff evacuation and emergency verification, so that the fire protection process meets national standards.

[0062] Preferably, the energy storage container 1 is a 20-foot container designed for fire protection. The container measures 6050mm in length, 2430mm in width, and 2964mm in height, respectively. It contains eight battery clusters, each containing six battery packs 2. Each battery pack 2 measures 1033mm in length, 1044mm in width, and 292mm in height, respectively. The total capacity of this lithium-ion battery container is approximately 3.07MWh.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment 2, the power-on detection component includes a temperature detector 8, a smoke detector 9, a CO detector 12 and a hydrogen detector 13. This is a selected example of the power-on detection component.

[0064] As shown in Figures 3 and 11, as a preferred embodiment 3, the smoke detector 9 is electrically connected to the gas fire extinguishing controller 10, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 is electrically connected to the control center, and the smoke detector 9 is electrically connected to the sound and light alarm 15 through the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 to form a linkage.

[0065] The smoke detector 9 and the temperature detector 8 are both electrically connected to the gas fire extinguishing controller 10, and the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 is electrically connected to the control center. The smoke detector 9 and the temperature detector 8 are electrically connected to the sound and light alarm 15 and the alarm bell 14 through the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 to form a linkage coordination, and the smoke detector 9 and the temperature detector 8 are electrically connected to the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 through the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 to form a delayed linkage coordination.

[0066] The gas fire extinguishing controller 10 is provided with an adjustable delay module, and the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 is also electrically connected to a start button 16 and an emergency stop button 17 .

[0067] When only the electrical signal value of the smoke detector 9 after detecting smoke exceeds the set value, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a first-level warning signal to the control center after receiving the electrical signal of the detector, and reminds personnel to take emergency measures through the sound and light alarm 15.

[0068] Preferably, when the electrical signal values ​​generated by the smoke detector 9 and the temperature detector 8 exceed the set values, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a secondary warning signal after receiving the electrical signal from the detector and transmits it to the control center, and activates the sound and light alarm 15 and the alarm 14. After the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates the secondary warning signal, it delays sending a start signal to the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5.

[0069] Preferably, the delay time is adjusted by the gas fire extinguishing controller 10, which is also connected to a start button 16 and an emergency stop button 17. This facilitates manual stopping of the fire extinguishing device, resetting the system, or manually starting the fire extinguishing device in special circumstances. The delay time can be adjusted by the gas fire extinguishing controller 10, but it must not be less than the safety regulations.

[0070] Preferably, the delay time can be selected as 30s.

[0071] Example 3 is an example of implementing an early warning by selecting the type of power-on detection component according to Example 2, and includes two stages:

[0072] The first stage is the first-level warning stage, that is, when there is only smoke but no high temperature, there is no need to activate the fire extinguishing device at this time. Therefore, after receiving the signals from the temperature detector 8 and the smoke detector 9, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a first-level warning signal and transmits it to the control center, and activates the sound and light alarm 15. After receiving the first-level warning signal, the control center arranges personnel to carry out emergency treatment and troubleshoot the fault or fire.

[0073] The second stage is the secondary warning stage, that is, when there is both smoke and high temperature, it is necessary to start the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire and cool down the box. Therefore, after receiving the signals of the temperature detector 8 and the smoke detector 9, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a secondary warning signal and transmits it to the control center, and turns on the sound and light alarm 15 and the bell 14. The bell 14 can be used to more clearly judge the warning stage from the auditory aspect. After receiving the secondary warning signal, the control center arranges personnel to carry out emergency processing, check for faults or fire, and delays sending the start signal to start the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 after generating the secondary warning signal, leaving a certain amount of time to evacuate the staff and confirm the fire. After confirming that all personnel have been evacuated and there is indeed a fire, the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 is started after the delay to extinguish the fire in the entire container.

[0074] As shown in FIG11 , as a preferred embodiment 4, when the electrical signal value after either the CO detector 12 or the hydrogen detector 13 detects a corresponding combustible gas exceeds a set value, the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 is activated to limit the combustible gas concentration to below 25% of the minimum explosion limit. The combustible gas concentration is promptly discharged and controlled to prevent explosions. The moment the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 is activated, a switching signal is generated to notify the control center, which can then monitor the combustible gas concentration value and the operating status of the explosion-proof ventilation system 19.

[0075] Preferably, the smoke detector 9 can be a 55000-316 type smoke detector, the temperature detector 8 can be a 55000-121 type temperature detector, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 can be a K11031M2 type gas fire extinguishing controller, the fire extinguishing agent release delay is 0 to 60s, and the fire extinguishing agent release time is 60 to 300s. The sound and light alarm 15 can be a 958CHL1000 type fire sound and light alarm, the alarm 14 can be a CBE6-RS-024-EN type alarm, the emergency stop button 17 can be a K91000M10 type emergency stop button, and the start button 16 can be a K911110M8 type manual release station.

[0076] As shown in Figures 8 and 9, as a preferred embodiment 5, the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 includes an air intake mechanism and an air exhaust mechanism arranged relative to the cabinet body, the air intake mechanism is located at the bottom of one side of the cabinet body, and the air exhaust mechanism is located at the top of the side opposite to the air intake mechanism.

[0077] As a preferred method for evacuating combustible gas, an exhaust mechanism and an air intake mechanism are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the cabinet, and the gas delivery direction is downward inflow and upward outflow, so as to facilitate the rapid discharge of combustible gas with a density lower than that of air. The air intake mechanism is installed at the lower part of the energy storage container 1. The air inputted therein is blocked by the equipment, and the air is dispersed to the left and right sides and the lower part. Most of the airflow flows away from the lower layer of the energy storage container 1, and the rest flows from both ends of the equipment to the exhaust mechanism.

[0078] From the streamline distribution of the exhaust mechanism, it can be seen that the exhaust gas extracts the internal gas of the energy storage container 1 from the bottom and both ends. The top layer of gas is disturbed by the gas from the bottom, flows inside the energy storage container 1, and is extracted and discharged from the energy storage container 1 by the exhaust mechanism.

[0079] Preferably, a combustible gas recovery and treatment device can be provided at the exhaust mechanism to prevent the combustible gas from directly existing in the environment and becoming a safety hazard.

[0080] As shown in Figure 10 , in a preferred embodiment 6, the physical detection components are all thermal wires 7. The thermal wires 7 of the pack-level fire protection subsystem 4 are evenly distributed along the inner surface of the corresponding battery pack box 2. Embodiment 6 illustrates the specific selection and installation location of the physical detection components. The thermal wires 7 of the pack-level fire protection subsystem 4 are arranged on the inner surface of the box to monitor fire conditions within the pack box.

[0081] As shown in Figure 4, as a preferred embodiment 7, the thermal wires 7 of the PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 are arranged in an S-shaped curve on the inner surface of the battery pack box 2. The PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is located in the center of the top of the battery pack box 2 and is equipped with multiple nozzles that spray in different directions, covering the entire battery pack box 2. Embodiment 7 is one arrangement of the PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4. The thermal wires 7 are installed on the top of the PACK box, with multiple directional outlets, which can reduce detection time. The S-shaped arrangement increases detection points compared to a single horizontal or vertical arrangement, providing more reliable protection. The fire extinguishing device has multiple nozzles, which can fully cover the protection area and immediately spray all the fire extinguishing agents to extinguish the fire.

[0082] As shown in FIG5 , as a preferred embodiment 8, the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is arranged on one side of the pressure relief valve of the battery PACK box 2, and a thermal wire 7 is provided above the pressure relief valve of the battery PACK box 2. The PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is provided with multiple nozzles, and the multiple nozzles spray in different directions. The spray range covers the entire battery PACK box 2, and at least one nozzle among the multiple nozzles is aimed at the pressure relief valve of the battery PACK box 2. Embodiment 8 is another arrangement of the PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4. The PACK box is installed on the side, and the thermal wire 7 is output in multiple directions, which can reduce the detection time. The thermal wire 7 is arranged at the pressure relief valve of the PACK box. After the battery cell thermal runaway, a large amount of combustible gas overflows from the pressure relief valve. At this time, the oxygen on the surface of the box is insufficient and the ignition point cannot be reached. The pressure relief valve is the contact point between air and combustible gas, and there is sufficient oxygen. Therefore, this should be an important ignition point. The thermal wire 7 is arranged here in a limited manner, so that the fire can be detected in the first time and the fire extinguishing device can be activated.

[0083] Secondly, the nozzle of the device is located near the pressure relief valve. When the device sprays, a large amount of fire extinguishing agent quickly cuts off the combustible materials and the fire point, playing a partial role in extinguishing the fire.

[0084] As shown in Figure 6, as a preferred embodiment 9, the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is an electric and thermal dual-start aerosol fire extinguishing device. After the fire extinguishing device receives an electric start signal or an open flame ignites the thermal wire 7, the electric initiator or the thermal wire 7 burns to activate the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device. The heat released by the aerosol generator through the redox reaction decomposes the chemical coolant, so that the aerosol generator and the coolant jointly participate in fire extinguishing.

[0085] Preferably, the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 utilizes a thermal aerosol extinguishing device model QRR0.144G / S-MS-144-F-02-11, suitable for relatively enclosed spaces such as energy storage cabinets. When a fire occurs, the device receives an electrical activation signal or an open flame ignites a thermal wire. The electrical initiator or thermal wire then burns, activating the aerosol generator within the device. The heat released by the redox reaction in the aerosol generator decomposes the chemical coolant, allowing both the aerosol generator and the coolant to jointly extinguish the fire.

[0086] Among them, its reference parameters are as follows:

[0087] Working temperature range: -40℃~+70℃; Start mode: Electric heating and dual start; Spray time: ≤15s; Oxidant name and content: Strontium nitrate, potassium nitrate 50%~58%; Protective space: 2m 3 ; Thermal initiator starting temperature: 185±10℃.

[0088] As shown in Figure 7, as a preferred embodiment 8, the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 is an electrically activated aerosol fire extinguishing device. After the fire extinguishing device receives the electric start signal, the electric initiator activates the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device. The aerosol generator produces a fire extinguishing agent through a combustion reaction. The heat released during the reaction causes the chemical coolant to decompose. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent and the coolant play a synergistic role and participate in fire extinguishing.

[0089] As a preferred embodiment 10, the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 can utilize the JAD300-U01 rapid-fire aerosol extinguishing device, suitable for relatively enclosed spaces such as distribution cabinets. When a fire occurs, upon receiving an electrical activation signal, the electric initiator activates the aerosol generator within the device. This combustion reaction produces a fire extinguishing agent. The heat released during this reaction decomposes the chemical coolant, and the aerosol extinguishing agent and the coolant work synergistically to extinguish the fire.

[0090] Among them, its reference parameters are as follows:

[0091] Working temperature range: -40℃~+54℃; Starting mode: Electric start; Spraying time: ≤15s; Spraying lag time: ≤2s; Oxidant name and content: Strontium nitrate 50%~58%; Protective space: 5m 3 .

[0092] As a preferred embodiment 11, the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 also includes a water sprinkler system 18, which is arranged on the top of the container. The water sprinkler system 18 includes multiple sprinklers, the spraying direction of the sprinklers are all downward, and the spraying range of all sprinklers covers all battery clusters in the container.

[0093] The water sprinkler system 18 in Example 11 is arranged on the top of the container as a last resort for fire extinguishing. Its use will have a serious impact on the energy storage container 1 and the internal electrical components. Therefore, it is manually controlled. Only when the maintenance personnel confirm that the fire cannot be extinguished by the fire extinguishing device or the fire is likely to re-ignite, the emergency water source is manually connected to spray the energy storage container to extinguish the fire.

[0094] As shown in FIG10 and FIG11 , as a preferred embodiment 12, a multi-stage simplified fire protection method for an electrochemical energy storage system using the above system includes the following steps:

[0095] S1: Install the corresponding installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 in the energy storage container 1;

[0096] S2: Arrange the power-on detection component, gas fire extinguishing controller 10, installation-level fire extinguishing device 5, sound and light alarm 15, alarm 14, water sprinkler system 18 and explosion-proof ventilation system 19 in the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 of S1. The power-on detection component includes a temperature detector 8, a smoke detector 9, a CO detector 12 and a hydrogen detector 13. The power-on detection component in the installation-level fire protection subsystem 3 forms a delayed start coordination with the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 through the gas fire extinguishing controller 10, and the power-on detection component forms a start coordination with the corresponding sound and light alarm 15, alarm 14 and explosion-proof ventilation system 19 through the gas fire extinguishing controller 10;

[0097] S3: When the temperature detector 8 in S2 does not detect a fire warning signal where the temperature exceeds the set value, and the smoke detector 9 detects smoke and generates a single fire warning signal, the system enters the first-level warning stage;

[0098] S4: In the first-level warning stage in S3, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a first-level warning signal to the control center and simultaneously activates the corresponding sound and light alarm 15 to remind personnel to take emergency measures;

[0099] S5: When the temperature detector 8 and the smoke detector 9 in S2 detect the composite fire warning signal of the temperature exceeding the set value and the smoke, the system enters the secondary warning stage;

[0100] S6: In the secondary warning stage in S5, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a secondary warning signal to the control center and simultaneously activates the corresponding sound and light alarm 15 and alarm bell 14 to remind personnel to take emergency measures. At the same time, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 sends an electric start signal to the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 after generating the secondary warning signal.

[0101] S7: When the electrical signal value of any one of the CO detector 12 and the hydrogen detector 13 in S2 after detecting the corresponding combustible gas exceeds the set value, the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 is activated to limit the combustible gas concentration to below 25% of the minimum explosion limit;

[0102] S8: When the patrol personnel manually discover a fire in S6, they can switch to manual release by pressing the start button 16 on the gas fire extinguishing controller 10. During the delay phase in S6, if the patrol personnel find a false fire alarm, they can press the emergency stop button 17 on the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 to reset the system and prevent the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 from being activated;

[0103] S9: Install a corresponding PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 on each battery PACK box 2. The PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 includes a corresponding physical detection component and a PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6. The physical detection component in the PACK-level fire protection subsystem 4 cooperates with the corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 to start.

[0104] S10: When the physical detection component in S7 senses a fire signal, the PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 is directly activated;

[0105] S11: After the fire extinguishing devices in S6 and S9 have been released, the staff will check the fire situation. If the fire is found to be rekindled, emergency water will be manually connected and the container will be sprayed with water to extinguish the fire through the water sprinkler system 18.

[0106] In S2 of Example 12, the entire interior of the energy storage container 1 is detected by energizing the detection component. When a single smoke signal is detected in S3, the system enters the first-level warning stage and executes S4. The gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a first-level warning signal to the control center, activates the sound and light alarm 15, and notifies the staff to quickly arrive at the scene to handle the situation, conduct investigations and repairs, and prevent a larger fire from occurring.

[0107] When S5 detects that the temperature detector 8 and the smoke detector 9 detect a composite fire warning signal of a temperature exceeding the set value and smoke is generated, the second-level warning stage is entered, and S6 is executed. The gas fire extinguishing controller 10 generates a second-level warning signal to the control center and activates the alarm 14 and the sound and light alarm 15 to remind personnel to take emergency measures. The presence of the alarm 14 can be used to preliminarily distinguish the first-level warning stage from the second-level warning stage. At the same time, the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 delays sending an electric start signal to the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 after generating the second-level warning signal, leaving enough time for emergency evacuation of personnel and preliminary verification of the fire situation without hindering the effect of fire extinguishing. After the delay is up, the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 is activated;

[0108] When S7 detects that the electrical signal value of any one of the CO detector 12 and the hydrogen detector 13 after detecting the corresponding combustible gas exceeds the set value, the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 is activated to limit the combustible gas concentration to below 25% of the minimum explosion limit;

[0109] In S7 , the battery PACK box 2 is detected by a physical detection component. When a fire is detected, the process proceeds to S8 to directly activate the corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device 6 .

[0110] As a preferred embodiment 12, S6 also includes the following steps: when performing installation-level fire extinguishing, after all personnel have evacuated, the door of the energy storage container 1 is closed, and when the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 is activated, the inside of the container becomes a relatively closed environment to prevent the continuous entry of the combustion-supporting gas, thereby enhancing the fire extinguishing effect and accelerating the fire extinguishing speed.

[0111] As a preferred embodiment 13, S6 and S7 can form a linkage. When a secondary warning signal is generated, the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 in S7 is closed regardless of whether it is in operation, further strengthening the sealing in embodiment 12. First, it is ensured that the fire is extinguished. After the fire is extinguished, if the combustible gas still exceeds the standard, the explosion-proof ventilation system 19 is opened for exhaust and timely maintenance is carried out.

[0112] As a preferred embodiment 14, S8 is a method of two special switchings. In S6, when the patrol personnel manually discover the fire, they can switch to manual release by pressing the start button 16 on the gas fire extinguishing controller 10. The installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 can be manually started or passively started according to the monitoring situation.

[0113] During the delay phase in S6, when the patrol personnel discover a false fire alarm, they can reset the system through the emergency stop button 17 on the gas fire extinguishing controller 10 to prevent the installation-level fire extinguishing device 5 from being activated, thereby preventing false fire alarms and irreversible consequences after the fire extinguishing device is activated, thereby reducing cost losses.

Claims

1. A multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system, comprising an energy storage container (1), a PACK-level fire extinguishing device (6) and an installation-level fire extinguishing device (5), wherein the energy storage container (1) is provided with a plurality of battery clusters (11), each battery cluster (11) is provided with a plurality of battery PACK boxes (2), characterized in that: The energy storage container (1) is provided with an installation-level fire protection subsystem (3) for overall fire protection of the energy storage container (1), and the installation-level fire protection subsystem (3) corresponds one-to-one with the container body; each of the battery PACK boxes (2) is provided with a PACK-level fire protection subsystem (4) for fire protection of a single battery PACK box (2), and the PACK-level fire protection subsystem (4) corresponds one-to-one with the battery PACK box (2); The installation-level fire protection subsystem (3) comprises a power-on detection component, a gas fire extinguishing controller (10), an installation-level fire extinguishing device (5), an audible and visual alarm (15), an alarm (14) and an explosion-proof ventilation system (19) arranged in the container, the power-on detection component is electrically connected to the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing device (5) through the corresponding gas fire extinguishing controller (10) to form a delayed linkage coordination, the nozzle of the installation-level fire extinguishing device (5) faces the battery cluster in the container, and the power-on detection component is electrically connected to the corresponding audible and visual alarm (15), the alarm (14) and the explosion-proof ventilation system (19) through the corresponding gas fire extinguishing controller (10) to form a delayed linkage coordination; Each of the PACK-level fire protection subsystems (4) comprises a physical detection component and a corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device (6); the PACK-level fire extinguishing device (6) is arranged on the corresponding battery PACK box (2), and the nozzle of the PACK-level fire extinguishing device (6) covers the battery PACK box (2); the physical detection component is evenly distributed along the inner surface of the box, and the physical detection component forms a linkage with the corresponding PACK-level fire extinguishing device (6).

2. A multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power-on detection component comprises a temperature detector (8), a smoke detector (9), a CO detector (12) and a hydrogen detector (13).

3. A multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The smoke detector (9) is electrically connected to the gas fire extinguishing controller (10), the gas fire extinguishing controller (10) is electrically connected to the control center, and the smoke detector (9) is electrically connected to the sound and light alarm (15) through the gas fire extinguishing controller (10) to form a linkage.

4. A multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The smoke detector (9) and the temperature detector (8) are both electrically connected to the gas fire extinguishing controller (10), the gas fire extinguishing controller (10) is electrically connected to the control center, the smoke detector (9) and the temperature detector (8) are electrically connected to the sound and light alarm (15) and the alarm (14) through the gas fire extinguishing controller (10) to form a linkage coordination, and the smoke detector (9) and the temperature detector (8) are electrically connected to the installation-level fire extinguishing device (5) through the gas fire extinguishing controller (10) to form a delayed linkage coordination.

5. A multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The gas fire extinguishing controller (10) is provided with an adjustable delay module, and the gas fire extinguishing controller (10) is also electrically connected to a start button (16) and an emergency stop button (17).

6. A multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The CO detector (12) and the hydrogen detector (13) are both electrically connected to the gas fire extinguishing controller (10), and the CO detector (12) and the hydrogen detector (13) are electrically connected to the explosion-proof ventilation system (19) through the gas fire extinguishing controller (10) to form a linkage.

7. A multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The physical detection components are all heat-sensitive wires (7), and the heat-sensitive wires (7) of the PACK-level fire protection subsystem (4) are evenly distributed along the inner surface of the corresponding battery PACK box (2).

8. A multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation-level fire protection subsystem (3) further comprises a water sprinkler system (18), which is arranged on the top of the container. The water sprinkler system (18) comprises a plurality of sprinkler heads, all of which face downwards and whose sprinkler ranges cover all battery clusters in the container.

9. A multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The PACK-level fire extinguishing device (6) is an electric-heat dual-start aerosol fire extinguishing device. After receiving an electric start signal or an open flame igniting the thermistor (7), the electric initiator or the thermistor (7) burns and activates the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device. The heat released by the aerosol generator through the redox reaction decomposes the chemical coolant, so that the aerosol generator and the coolant jointly participate in the fire extinguishing. The installation-level fire extinguishing device (5) is an electrically activated aerosol fire extinguishing device. After receiving an electrical activation signal, the electric initiator activates the aerosol generator in the fire extinguishing device. The aerosol generator generates a fire extinguishing agent through a combustion reaction. The heat released during the reaction causes the chemical coolant to decompose. The aerosol fire extinguishing agent and the coolant play a synergistic role and participate in fire extinguishing.

10. A fire protection method using a multifunctional fire protection system for an electrochemical energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Installing a corresponding installation-level fire protection subsystem (3) in the energy storage container (1); S2: The power-on detection component, the gas fire extinguishing controller (10), the installation-level fire extinguishing device (5), the sound and light alarm (15), the alarm (14), the water sprinkler system (18) and the explosion-proof ventilation system (19) in the installation-level fire fighting subsystem (3) of S1 are arranged, the power-on detection component includes a temperature detector (8), a smoke detector (9), a CO detector (12) and a hydrogen detector (13), and the power-on detection component in the installation-level fire fighting subsystem (3) forms a delayed start coordination with the corresponding installation-level fire extinguishing device (5) through the gas fire extinguishing controller (10), and the power-on detection component forms a start coordination with the corresponding sound and light alarm (15), the alarm (14) and the explosion-proof ventilation system (19) through the gas fire extinguishing controller (10); S3: When the temperature detector (8) in S2 does not detect a fire warning signal of a temperature exceeding a set value, and the smoke detector (9) detects smoke and generates a single fire warning signal, the first-level warning stage is entered; S4: In the first-level warning stage in S3, the gas fire extinguishing controller (10) generates a first-level warning signal to the control center, and simultaneously activates the corresponding sound and light alarm (15) to remind personnel to take emergency measures; S5: When the temperature detector (8) and the smoke detector (9) in S2 detect that the temperature exceeds the set value and the composite fire warning signal generated by smoke, the secondary warning stage is entered; S6: In the secondary warning stage in S5, the gas fire extinguishing controller (10) generates a secondary warning signal to the control center, and simultaneously activates the corresponding sound and light alarm (15) and alarm bell (14) to remind personnel to take emergency measures. At the same time, the gas fire extinguishing controller (10) sends an electric start signal to the installation-level fire extinguishing device (5) after generating the secondary warning signal. S7: When the electrical signal value of any one of the CO detector (12) and the hydrogen detector (13) in S2 after detecting the corresponding combustible gas exceeds the set value, the explosion-proof ventilation system (19) is started to limit the concentration of the combustible gas to below 25% of the minimum explosion limit; S8: When the patrol personnel manually discover a fire in S6, they can switch to manual release through the start button (16) on the gas fire extinguishing controller (10). During the delay phase in S6, when the patrol personnel discover a false alarm of a fire, they can reset the system through the emergency stop button (17) on the gas fire extinguishing controller (10) to prevent the installation-level fire extinguishing device (5) from being started; S9: Install a corresponding PACK-level fire-fighting subsystem (4) on each battery PACK box (2), wherein the PACK-level fire-fighting subsystem (4) includes a corresponding physical detection component and a PACK-level fire-fighting device (6), so that the physical detection component in the PACK-level fire-fighting subsystem (4) and the corresponding PACK-level fire-fighting device (6) form a start-up coordination; S10: When the physical detection component in S7 senses a fire signal, the PACK-level fire extinguishing device (6) is directly activated; S11: After the fire extinguishing devices in S6 and S9 are released, the staff will check the fire situation. If the fire is found to be rekindled, emergency water will be manually connected to extinguish the fire in the container through the water spray system (18).

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